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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Symbiosis</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">13,454 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Symbiosis</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Symbiosis">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67560764" data-work_id="67560764" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67560764/Reconceiving_autoimmunity_An_overview">Reconceiving autoimmunity: An overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Three interconnected positions are advocated: (1) although serving as a useful model, the immune self does not exist as such; (2) instead of a self/nonself demarcation, the immune system &#39;sees&#39; itself, i.e., it does not ignore the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67560764" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Three interconnected positions are advocated: (1) although serving as a useful model, the immune self does not exist as such; (2) instead of a self/nonself demarcation, the immune system &#39;sees&#39; itself, i.e., it does not ignore the &#39;self&#39; or attack the &#39;other;&#39; but exhibits a spectrum of responses, which when viewed from outside the system appear as discrimination of &#39;self&#39; and &#39;nonself&#39; based on certain criteria of reactivity. When immune reactions are conceived in terms of normal physiology and open exchange with the environment, where borders dividing host and foreign are elusive and changing, host defense is only part of the immune system&#39;s functions, which actually comprise two basic tasks: protection, i.e., to preserve host integrity, and maintenance of organismic identity. And thus (3) if the spectrum of immunity is enlarged, differentiating low reactive &#39;autoimmune&#39; reactions from activated immune responses against the &#39;...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67560764" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c12528cd3cd2367301601c397dcc021b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78331518,"asset_id":67560764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78331518/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8781609" href="https://bu.academia.edu/AlfredTauber">Alfred Tauber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8781609" type="text/json">{"id":8781609,"first_name":"Alfred","last_name":"Tauber","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"AlfredTauber","display_name":"Alfred Tauber","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/AlfredTauber?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8781609/3222050/3791806/s65_alfred.tauber.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67560764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67560764"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67560764, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67560764", }); 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(2) instead of a self/nonself demarcation, the immune system \u0026#39;sees\u0026#39; itself, i.e., it does not ignore the \u0026#39;self\u0026#39; or attack the \u0026#39;other;\u0026#39; but exhibits a spectrum of responses, which when viewed from outside the system appear as discrimination of \u0026#39;self\u0026#39; and \u0026#39;nonself\u0026#39; based on certain criteria of reactivity. When immune reactions are conceived in terms of normal physiology and open exchange with the environment, where borders dividing host and foreign are elusive and changing, host defense is only part of the immune system\u0026#39;s functions, which actually comprise two basic tasks: protection, i.e., to preserve host integrity, and maintenance of organismic identity. And thus (3) if the spectrum of immunity is enlarged, differentiating low reactive \u0026#39;autoimmune\u0026#39; reactions from activated immune responses against the \u0026#39;...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78331518,"asset_id":67560764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8781609,"first_name":"Alfred","last_name":"Tauber","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"AlfredTauber","display_name":"Alfred Tauber","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/AlfredTauber?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8781609/3222050/3791806/s65_alfred.tauber.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":12320,"name":"Autoimmunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmunity?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7043"},{"id":26977,"name":"Theoretical biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_biology?f_ri=7043"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7043"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7043"},{"id":71304,"name":"Autoimmune diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=7043"},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=7043"},{"id":84924,"name":"Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunity?f_ri=7043"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7043"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1639641" data-work_id="1639641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1639641/Effect_of_salinity_on_nodulation_nitrogen_fixation_and_growth_of_common_bean_Phaseolus_vulgaris_inoculated_with_rhizobial_strains_isolated_from_the_Haouz_region_of_">Effect of salinity on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) inoculated with rhizobial strains isolated from the Haouz region of …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study compared growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and nodular enzyme activities in response to salinity in some common bean-rhizobia symbiotic combinations. Seeds of Paulista and Efequince, two varieties of the common bean... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1639641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study compared growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and nodular enzyme activities in response to salinity in some common bean-rhizobia symbiotic combinations. Seeds of Paulista and Efequince, two varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were germinated and seedlings were transferred to pots containing vermiculite inoculated with the reference Rhizobium strain CIAT899 or with RhM11 or RhM14, two local strains. Plants were grown in a temperature-controlled glasshouse at 28°C and irrigated with a nutrient solution without NaCl (control) or supplemented with 25 mM NaCl (stressed). Plants were harvested at the flowering stage. The results showed that in controls, inoculation with RhM11 improved plant and nodule growth compared with those inoculated with RhM14 and CIAT 899. NaCl treatment generally had a negative affect on plant and nodule growth. Under the saline treatment, symbiotic nitrogen fixation was not significantly affected in the CIAT899-Paulista, CIAT899-Efequince and RhM11-Paulista combinations. Plant mineral nutrition was negatively affected under salt treatment for all of the tested symbiotic combinations. Inoculation with CIAT899 and RhM11 conferred more plant tolerance to salinity than inoculation with RhM14. The nodular phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) exhibited higher activities and were less affected by salinity in plants inoculated with the reference strain CIAT899 than those inoculated with local strains. We conclude that plants inoculated with CIAT899 and RhM11 showed more salinity stress tolerance than those inoculated with RhM14.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1639641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ead527beb27e141789dfd43527f89626" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50889311,"asset_id":1639641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50889311/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1918235" href="https://fsa-ma.academia.edu/MustaphaFaghire">Mustapha Faghire</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1918235" type="text/json">{"id":1918235,"first_name":"Mustapha","last_name":"Faghire","domain_name":"fsa-ma","page_name":"MustaphaFaghire","display_name":"Mustapha Faghire","profile_url":"https://fsa-ma.academia.edu/MustaphaFaghire?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1918235/648244/803553/s65_mustapha.faghire.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1639641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1639641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1639641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1639641", }); 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Seeds of Paulista and Efequince, two varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were germinated and seedlings were transferred to pots containing vermiculite inoculated with the reference Rhizobium strain CIAT899 or with RhM11 or RhM14, two local strains. Plants were grown in a temperature-controlled glasshouse at 28°C and irrigated with a nutrient solution without NaCl (control) or supplemented with 25 mM NaCl (stressed). Plants were harvested at the flowering stage. The results showed that in controls, inoculation with RhM11 improved plant and nodule growth compared with those inoculated with RhM14 and CIAT 899. NaCl treatment generally had a negative affect on plant and nodule growth. Under the saline treatment, symbiotic nitrogen fixation was not significantly affected in the CIAT899-Paulista, CIAT899-Efequince and RhM11-Paulista combinations. Plant mineral nutrition was negatively affected under salt treatment for all of the tested symbiotic combinations. Inoculation with CIAT899 and RhM11 conferred more plant tolerance to salinity than inoculation with RhM14. The nodular phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) exhibited higher activities and were less affected by salinity in plants inoculated with the reference strain CIAT899 than those inoculated with local strains. We conclude that plants inoculated with CIAT899 and RhM11 showed more salinity stress tolerance than those inoculated with RhM14.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50889311,"asset_id":1639641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1918235,"first_name":"Mustapha","last_name":"Faghire","domain_name":"fsa-ma","page_name":"MustaphaFaghire","display_name":"Mustapha Faghire","profile_url":"https://fsa-ma.academia.edu/MustaphaFaghire?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1918235/648244/803553/s65_mustapha.faghire.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11508269" data-work_id="11508269" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11508269/The_use_of_beneficial_microbial_endophytes_for_plant_biomass_and_stress_tolerance_improvement">The use of beneficial microbial endophytes for plant biomass and stress tolerance improvement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11508269" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="881457461edfa090d35761ebd4a34d3e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46662040,"asset_id":11508269,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46662040/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28050650" href="https://ialr.academia.edu/ChuanshengMei">Chuansheng Mei</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28050650" type="text/json">{"id":28050650,"first_name":"Chuansheng","last_name":"Mei","domain_name":"ialr","page_name":"ChuanshengMei","display_name":"Chuansheng Mei","profile_url":"https://ialr.academia.edu/ChuanshengMei?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28050650/7948655/8903992/s65_chuansheng.mei.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11508269 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11508269"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11508269, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11508269", }); 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The respiration strategies utilized by the symbiont were explored using integrative... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76948640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The large tropical lucinid clam Codakia orbicularis has a symbiotic relationship with intracellular, sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria. The respiration strategies utilized by the symbiont were explored using integrative techniques on mechanically purified symbionts and intact clam-symbiont associations along with habitat analysis. Previous work on a related symbiont species found in the host lucinid Lucinoma aequizonata showed that the symbionts obligately used nitrate as an electron acceptor, even under oxygenated conditions. In contrast, the symbionts of C. orbicularis use oxygen as the primary electron acceptor while evidence for nitrate respiration was lacking. Direct measurements obtained by using microelectrodes in purified symbiont suspensions showed that the symbionts consumed oxygen; this intracellular respiration was confirmed by using the redox dye CTC (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride). In the few intact chemosymbioses tested in previous studies, hydrog...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76948640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a0425208633b5baae0770b4da171a6da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84551841,"asset_id":76948640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84551841/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38767762" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WiebkeZiebis">Wiebke Ziebis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38767762" type="text/json">{"id":38767762,"first_name":"Wiebke","last_name":"Ziebis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WiebkeZiebis","display_name":"Wiebke Ziebis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WiebkeZiebis?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76948640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76948640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76948640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76948640", }); 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The respiration strategies utilized by the symbiont were explored using integrative techniques on mechanically purified symbionts and intact clam-symbiont associations along with habitat analysis. Previous work on a related symbiont species found in the host lucinid Lucinoma aequizonata showed that the symbionts obligately used nitrate as an electron acceptor, even under oxygenated conditions. In contrast, the symbionts of C. orbicularis use oxygen as the primary electron acceptor while evidence for nitrate respiration was lacking. Direct measurements obtained by using microelectrodes in purified symbiont suspensions showed that the symbionts consumed oxygen; this intracellular respiration was confirmed by using the redox dye CTC (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride). In the few intact chemosymbioses tested in previous studies, hydrog...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84551841,"asset_id":76948640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38767762,"first_name":"Wiebke","last_name":"Ziebis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WiebkeZiebis","display_name":"Wiebke Ziebis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WiebkeZiebis?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":85920,"name":"Bivalvia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bivalvia?f_ri=7043"},{"id":96502,"name":"Applied","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied?f_ri=7043"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7043"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=7043"},{"id":112330,"name":"Sulfides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfides?f_ri=7043"},{"id":122402,"name":"Nitrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrates?f_ri=7043"},{"id":462837,"name":"Gills","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gills?f_ri=7043"},{"id":544188,"name":"Hemolymph","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemolymph?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_Consumption?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1654024,"name":"Nitrites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrites?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75875353" data-work_id="75875353" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75875353/Periglandula_a_new_fungal_genus_within_the_Clavicipitaceae_and_its_association_with_Convolvulaceae">Periglandula, a new fungal genus within the Clavicipitaceae and its association with Convolvulaceae</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75875353" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2004ac6566d8a852df374f0e155a2f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83529842,"asset_id":75875353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83529842/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33162625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EckhardLeistner">Eckhard Leistner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33162625" type="text/json">{"id":33162625,"first_name":"Eckhard","last_name":"Leistner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EckhardLeistner","display_name":"Eckhard Leistner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EckhardLeistner?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75875353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75875353"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75875353, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75875353", }); 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nitrate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15536577" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="770bdd284cd85d9c9dc2b49686534d36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43111714,"asset_id":15536577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Reductase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrate_Reductase?f_ri=7043"},{"id":344106,"name":"Saliva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saliva?f_ri=7043"},{"id":372397,"name":"Tongue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tongue?f_ri=7043"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=7043"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=7043"},{"id":469032,"name":"Mouthwashes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mouthwashes?f_ri=7043"},{"id":528241,"name":"Biotransformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotransformation?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1030661,"name":"Stomach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stomach?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1242098,"name":"Nitrosamines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrosamines?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1654024,"name":"Nitrites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrites?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76909136" data-work_id="76909136" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76909136/Beyond_neutral_and_forbidden_links_morphological_matches_and_the_assembly_of_mutualistic_hawkmoth_plant_networks">Beyond neutral and forbidden links: morphological matches and the assembly of mutualistic hawkmoth-plant networks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1.A major challenge in evolutionary ecology is to understand how coevolutionary processes shape patterns of interactions between species at community level. Pollination of flowers with long corolla tubes by long-tongued hawkmoths has been... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76909136" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1.A major challenge in evolutionary ecology is to understand how coevolutionary processes shape patterns of interactions between species at community level. Pollination of flowers with long corolla tubes by long-tongued hawkmoths has been invoked as a showcase model of coevolution. Recently, optimal foraging models have predicted that there might be a close association between mouthparts length and the corolla depth of the visited flowers, thus favouring trait convergence and specialisation at community level. 2.Here, we assessed whether hawkmoths more frequently pollinate plants with floral tube lengths similar to their proboscis lengths (morphological match hypothesis) against abundance-based processes (neutral hypothesis) and ecological trait mismatches constraints (forbidden links hypothesis), in structuring hawkmoth-plant mutualistic networks from five communities in four biogeographical regions of South America. 3.We found convergence in morphological traits across the five co...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76909136" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff65ba48cd7dcf114c7c5b32ad743d51" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84460939,"asset_id":76909136,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84460939/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32408452" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IanKitching">Ian Kitching</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32408452" type="text/json">{"id":32408452,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Kitching","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanKitching","display_name":"Ian Kitching","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanKitching?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76909136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76909136"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76909136, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76909136", }); 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Pollination of flowers with long corolla tubes by long-tongued hawkmoths has been invoked as a showcase model of coevolution. Recently, optimal foraging models have predicted that there might be a close association between mouthparts length and the corolla depth of the visited flowers, thus favouring trait convergence and specialisation at community level. 2.Here, we assessed whether hawkmoths more frequently pollinate plants with floral tube lengths similar to their proboscis lengths (morphological match hypothesis) against abundance-based processes (neutral hypothesis) and ecological trait mismatches constraints (forbidden links hypothesis), in structuring hawkmoth-plant mutualistic networks from five communities in four biogeographical regions of South America. 3.We found convergence in morphological traits across the five co...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84460939,"asset_id":76909136,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32408452,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Kitching","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanKitching","display_name":"Ian Kitching","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanKitching?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":9813,"name":"Argentina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":11190,"name":"Pollination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollination?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":14483,"name":"Animal Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ecology?f_ri=7043"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7043"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7043"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7043"},{"id":130822,"name":"Flowers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flowers?f_ri=7043"},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=7043"},{"id":361141,"name":"Angiosperms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angiosperms?f_ri=7043"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=7043"},{"id":537214,"name":"Moths","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moths?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68379340" data-work_id="68379340" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68379340").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68379340"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya">Kenya</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18892" type="text/json">{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68379340]'), work: {"id":68379340,"title":"Disruption of a protective ant-plant mutualism by an invasive ant increases elephant damage to savanna trees","created_at":"2022-01-16T01:35:14.575-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68379340/Disruption_of_a_protective_ant_plant_mutualism_by_an_invasive_ant_increases_elephant_damage_to_savanna_trees?f_ri=7043","dom_id":"work_68379340","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78874538,"asset_id":68379340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26930889,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Rubenstein","domain_name":"princeton","page_name":"DRubenstein","display_name":"Daniel 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Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=7043"},{"id":234700,"name":"Grassland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grassland?f_ri=7043"},{"id":239605,"name":"Introduced species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introduced_species?f_ri=7043"},{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1013028,"name":"Food Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Chain?f_ri=7043"},{"id":2575892,"name":"Competitive Behavior ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competitive_Behavior?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64676330" data-work_id="64676330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64676330/Population_Dynamics_of_Green_Noctiluca_Scintillans_Dinophyceae_Associated_with_the_Monsoon_Cycle_in_the_Upper_Gulf_of_Thailand_1">Population Dynamics of Green Noctiluca Scintillans (Dinophyceae) Associated with the Monsoon Cycle in the Upper Gulf of Thailand 1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Population dynamics of Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kof. et Swezy containing the photosynthetic endosymbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae (Subrahman.) Sweeney was investigated in relation to environmental conditions in the upper Gulf of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64676330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Population dynamics of Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kof. et Swezy containing the photosynthetic endosymbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae (Subrahman.) Sweeney was investigated in relation to environmental conditions in the upper Gulf of Thailand. A clear association was observed between the abundance of N. scintillans and the monsoon cycle, with its blooms occurring during the southwest (SW) monsoon from May to September, and low abundance during the northeast (NE) monsoon from November to February. Nutrient concentrations were higher during the SW monsoon than during the NE monsoon due to the combined effect of increased river discharge into the northern upper gulf and the transport of the riverine inputs by the prevailing clockwise circulation of the water. These nutrient conditions favored the growth of both phytoplankton and the endosymbiont. Correlation analysis revealed that the higher abundance of N. scintillans in the SW monsoon was manifested primarily by higher growth throu...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64676330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e73b46c7ee252d84de8277e61a8781f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76602855,"asset_id":64676330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76602855/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="79406380" href="https://chula.academia.edu/ThaithawornLirdwitayaprasit">Thaithaworn Lirdwitayaprasit</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="79406380" type="text/json">{"id":79406380,"first_name":"Thaithaworn","last_name":"Lirdwitayaprasit","domain_name":"chula","page_name":"ThaithawornLirdwitayaprasit","display_name":"Thaithaworn Lirdwitayaprasit","profile_url":"https://chula.academia.edu/ThaithawornLirdwitayaprasit?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64676330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64676330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64676330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64676330", }); 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Sweeney was investigated in relation to environmental conditions in the upper Gulf of Thailand. A clear association was observed between the abundance of N. scintillans and the monsoon cycle, with its blooms occurring during the southwest (SW) monsoon from May to September, and low abundance during the northeast (NE) monsoon from November to February. Nutrient concentrations were higher during the SW monsoon than during the NE monsoon due to the combined effect of increased river discharge into the northern upper gulf and the transport of the riverine inputs by the prevailing clockwise circulation of the water. These nutrient conditions favored the growth of both phytoplankton and the endosymbiont. Correlation analysis revealed that the higher abundance of N. scintillans in the SW monsoon was manifested primarily by higher growth throu...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76602855,"asset_id":64676330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":79406380,"first_name":"Thaithaworn","last_name":"Lirdwitayaprasit","domain_name":"chula","page_name":"ThaithawornLirdwitayaprasit","display_name":"Thaithaworn Lirdwitayaprasit","profile_url":"https://chula.academia.edu/ThaithawornLirdwitayaprasit?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":166,"name":"Phycology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phycology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":26181,"name":"Eutrophication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication?f_ri=7043"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7043"},{"id":40032,"name":"Monsoon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monsoon?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1237825,"name":"Population dynamic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_dynamic?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5084654" data-work_id="5084654" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div 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{"id":5084654,"title":"Regulation of cnidarian-dinoflagellate mutualisms: Evidence that activation of a host TGFβ innate immune pathway promotes tolerance of the symbiont","created_at":"2013-11-12T22:36:56.273-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5084654/Regulation_of_cnidarian_dinoflagellate_mutualisms_Evidence_that_activation_of_a_host_TGF%CE%B2_innate_immune_pathway_promotes_tolerance_of_the_symbiont?f_ri=7043","dom_id":"work_5084654","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34215973,"asset_id":5084654,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5603729,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Schnitzler","domain_name":"florida","page_name":"ChristineSchnitzler","display_name":"Christine Schnitzler","profile_url":"https://florida.academia.edu/ChristineSchnitzler?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5603729/8227138/9204369/s65_christine.schnitzler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=7043"},{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric 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Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Sea?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1446850,"name":"Oxygen minimum zone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_minimum_zone?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1710970,"name":"Metagenome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metagenome?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50056398" data-work_id="50056398" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50056398/The_evolution_of_mutualisms_exploring_the_paths_between_conflict_and_cooperation">The evolution of mutualisms: exploring the paths between conflict and cooperation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mutualisms are of fundamental importance in all ecosystems but their very existence poses a series of challenging evolutionary questions. Recently, the application of molecular analyses combined with theoretical advances have transformed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50056398" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mutualisms are of fundamental importance in all ecosystems but their very existence poses a series of challenging evolutionary questions. Recently, the application of molecular analyses combined with theoretical advances have transformed our understanding of many specific systems, thereby contributing to the possibility of a more general understanding of the factors that influence mutualisms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50056398" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9e5f7d12a0071a3786618e953bc5dfe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68182537,"asset_id":50056398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68182537/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="831462" href="https://si.academia.edu/AllenHerre">Allen Herre</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="831462" type="text/json">{"id":831462,"first_name":"Allen","last_name":"Herre","domain_name":"si","page_name":"AllenHerre","display_name":"Allen Herre","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/AllenHerre?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50056398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50056398"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50056398, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50056398", }); 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Recently, the application of molecular analyses combined with theoretical advances have transformed our understanding of many specific systems, thereby contributing to the possibility of a more general understanding of the factors that influence mutualisms.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68182537,"asset_id":50056398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":831462,"first_name":"Allen","last_name":"Herre","domain_name":"si","page_name":"AllenHerre","display_name":"Allen Herre","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/AllenHerre?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4304,"name":"Coevolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coevolution?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":17705,"name":"Conflict of Interest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict_of_Interest?f_ri=7043"},{"id":34576,"name":"Mutualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutualism?f_ri=7043"},{"id":43968,"name":"Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation?f_ri=7043"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7043"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7043"},{"id":113117,"name":"Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scale?f_ri=7043"},{"id":151749,"name":"Molecular phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_phylogeny?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42945960" data-work_id="42945960" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42945960/Isolation_and_study_of_morphology_and_phylogeny_of_arbuscular_mycorrhizal_fungi_coexisting_with_the_roots_of_some_medicinal_plants_in_Kerman_province_Narges_hatami">Isolation and study of morphology and phylogeny of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi coexisting with the roots of some medicinal plants in Kerman province Narges hatami</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective Plants that have a symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) compared with non-mycorrhizal plants have a higher ability to resist against various biotic and abiotic environmental stresses such as drought,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42945960" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective Plants that have a symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) compared with non-mycorrhizal plants have a higher ability to resist against various biotic and abiotic environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, pests, and plant diseases. This study aim is studying different species of AMFs in Kerman province. The identification of these microorganisms is to provide the basis for further studies on the use of these microorganisms in germination, growth, and proliferation of medicinal plants. Methods To molecular and morphological identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, sampling was done from the rhizosphere of medicinal plants in some areas of Kerman province. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores were isolated from the sampled soils by the wet<br />sieve method. The grouping was done based on spore microscopic slides and<br />morphological characteristics such as spore color, shape, surface ornamentation, size,<br />wall structure and spore characteristics in water. DNA was extracted from single spores.<br />A Part of ribosomal DNA was amplified by nested PCR using SSUmaf and LSUmAr<br />primers in the first step, SSUmCf, and LSUmBr in the second step. After horizontal<br />agarose gel electrophoresis and see the related band the PCR product was sent for<br />sequencing. Then sequencing results were analyzed using BLAST, Gene Runner and<br />Clustal Omega Softwares, and the phylogenetic tree was plotted using MEGA 7 software.<br />Results<br />According to morphological and molecular studies, Viscospora viscosa, Septoglomus<br />deserticola, Funneliformis caledonium, Funneliformis mosseae, and Diversispora<br />spurca were identified. Finally, the existence and manner of species identity were<br />investigated in the phylogeny tree.<br />Conclusion<br />Since the morphological features used in the identification and classification of<br />mycorrhizal fungi are limited, molecular methods can be used for safer classification, and<br />in this way, Recognize differences of Similar species morphologically and similarity of<br />different species in appearance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42945960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8335e6312ff205d842d701352d80c63" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63200518,"asset_id":42945960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63200518/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="147714462" href="https://uk.academia.edu/AgriculturalBiotechnology">Agricultural Biotechnology Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="147714462" type="text/json">{"id":147714462,"first_name":"Agricultural","last_name":"Biotechnology Journal","domain_name":"uk","page_name":"AgriculturalBiotechnology","display_name":"Agricultural Biotechnology Journal","profile_url":"https://uk.academia.edu/AgriculturalBiotechnology?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147714462/41115679/148047890/s65_agricultural.biotechnology_journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42945960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42945960"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42945960, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42945960", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42945960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42945960").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42945960").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42945960"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4095" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classification_Machine_Learning_">Classification (Machine Learning)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4095" type="text/json">{"id":4095,"name":"Classification (Machine Learning)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classification_Machine_Learning_?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="374356" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primer">Primer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="374356" type="text/json">{"id":374356,"name":"Primer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primer?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="973347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ribosomal_DNA">Ribosomal DNA</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="973347" type="text/json">{"id":973347,"name":"Ribosomal DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ribosomal_DNA?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42945960]'), work: {"id":42945960,"title":"Isolation and study of morphology and phylogeny of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi coexisting with the roots of some medicinal plants in Kerman province Narges hatami","created_at":"2020-05-04T23:34:00.433-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42945960/Isolation_and_study_of_morphology_and_phylogeny_of_arbuscular_mycorrhizal_fungi_coexisting_with_the_roots_of_some_medicinal_plants_in_Kerman_province_Narges_hatami?f_ri=7043","dom_id":"work_42945960","summary":"Objective Plants that have a symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) compared with non-mycorrhizal plants have a higher ability to resist against various biotic and abiotic environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, pests, and plant diseases. This study aim is studying different species of AMFs in Kerman province. The identification of these microorganisms is to provide the basis for further studies on the use of these microorganisms in germination, growth, and proliferation of medicinal plants. Methods To molecular and morphological identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, sampling was done from the rhizosphere of medicinal plants in some areas of Kerman province. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores were isolated from the sampled soils by the wet\nsieve method. The grouping was done based on spore microscopic slides and\nmorphological characteristics such as spore color, shape, surface ornamentation, size,\nwall structure and spore characteristics in water. DNA was extracted from single spores.\nA Part of ribosomal DNA was amplified by nested PCR using SSUmaf and LSUmAr\nprimers in the first step, SSUmCf, and LSUmBr in the second step. After horizontal\nagarose gel electrophoresis and see the related band the PCR product was sent for\nsequencing. Then sequencing results were analyzed using BLAST, Gene Runner and\nClustal Omega Softwares, and the phylogenetic tree was plotted using MEGA 7 software.\nResults\nAccording to morphological and molecular studies, Viscospora viscosa, Septoglomus\ndeserticola, Funneliformis caledonium, Funneliformis mosseae, and Diversispora\nspurca were identified. Finally, the existence and manner of species identity were\ninvestigated in the phylogeny tree.\nConclusion\nSince the morphological features used in the identification and classification of\nmycorrhizal fungi are limited, molecular methods can be used for safer classification, and\nin this way, Recognize differences of Similar species morphologically and similarity of\ndifferent species in appearance. \n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63200518,"asset_id":42945960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":147714462,"first_name":"Agricultural","last_name":"Biotechnology Journal","domain_name":"uk","page_name":"AgriculturalBiotechnology","display_name":"Agricultural Biotechnology Journal","profile_url":"https://uk.academia.edu/AgriculturalBiotechnology?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147714462/41115679/148047890/s65_agricultural.biotechnology_journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4095,"name":"Classification (Machine Learning)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classification_Machine_Learning_?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":374356,"name":"Primer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primer?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":973347,"name":"Ribosomal DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ribosomal_DNA?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":1320131,"name":"Nested PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nested_PCR?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48169876" data-work_id="48169876" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48169876/Early_Symbiotic_Responses_Induced_by_Sinorhizobium_meliloti_ilvC_Mutants_in_Alfalfa">Early Symbiotic Responses Induced by Sinorhizobium meliloti ilvC Mutants in Alfalfa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A mutation in the ilvC gene of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 determines a symbiotically defective phenotype. ilvC mutants obtained from different S. meliloti wild-type strains are able to induce root hair deformation on alfalfa roots and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48169876" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A mutation in the ilvC gene of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 determines a symbiotically defective phenotype. ilvC mutants obtained from different S. meliloti wild-type strains are able to induce root hair deformation on alfalfa roots and show variable activation of the common nodulation genes nodABC. All of these mutants are noninfective. The presence of extra copies of nodD3-syrM in an IlvC¯ background does not promote nod expression but allows the detection of low levels of Nod factor production. The sulphation of the Nod factor metabolites, however, is not affected. Furthermore, IlvC¯ strains induce a specific pattern of starch accumulation on alfalfa roots as well as of early nodulin expression. Hence, the pleiotropic action of the ilvC gene in S. meliloti may reveal novel complexities involved in the symbiotic interaction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48169876" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9506a806906cc3d912a6977aaaf6b34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66921468,"asset_id":48169876,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66921468/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30836824" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarioAguilar21">Mario Aguilar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30836824" type="text/json">{"id":30836824,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Aguilar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarioAguilar21","display_name":"Mario Aguilar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarioAguilar21?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48169876 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48169876"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48169876, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48169876", }); 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All of these mutants are noninfective. The presence of extra copies of nodD3-syrM in an IlvC¯ background does not promote nod expression but allows the detection of low levels of Nod factor production. The sulphation of the Nod factor metabolites, however, is not affected. Furthermore, IlvC¯ strains induce a specific pattern of starch accumulation on alfalfa roots as well as of early nodulin expression. Hence, the pleiotropic action of the ilvC gene in S. meliloti may reveal novel complexities involved in the symbiotic interaction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66921468,"asset_id":48169876,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30836824,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Aguilar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarioAguilar21","display_name":"Mario Aguilar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarioAguilar21?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":25657,"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Molecular_Biology?f_ri=7043"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=7043"},{"id":198630,"name":"Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Plant_Microbe_Interactions?f_ri=7043"},{"id":642190,"name":"Sinorhizobium meliloti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinorhizobium_meliloti?f_ri=7043"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=7043"},{"id":2501166,"name":"Medicago sativa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicago_sativa?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37788361" data-work_id="37788361" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37788361/Understanding_osmotic_stress_tolerance_in_leaves_and_nodules_of_two_Phaseolus_vulgaris_cultivars_with_contrasting_drought_tolerance">Understanding osmotic stress tolerance in leaves and nodules of two Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars with contrasting drought tolerance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37788361" data-share-source="work_strip" 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type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21949" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horizontal_Gene_Transfer">Horizontal Gene Transfer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21949" type="text/json">{"id":21949,"name":"Horizontal Gene Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horizontal_Gene_Transfer?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23067" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_repair">DNA repair</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23067" type="text/json">{"id":23067,"name":"DNA repair","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_repair?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37035848]'), work: {"id":37035848,"title":"Origins and 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u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5345" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5345" type="text/json">{"id":5345,"name":"Photosynthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photosynthesis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division">Cell Division</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38650" type="text/json">{"id":38650,"name":"Cell Division","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5388654]'), work: {"id":5388654,"title":"In Rhizobium etli Symbiotic Plasmid Transfer, Nodulation Competitivity and Cellular Growth Require Interaction among Different 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Source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Source?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8359247" data-work_id="8359247" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8359247/Strong_fungal_specificity_and_selectivity_for_algal_symbionts_in_Florida_scrub_Cladonia_lichens_SPECIFICITY_AND_SELECTIVITY_IN_LICHENS">Strong fungal specificity and selectivity for algal symbionts in Florida scrub Cladonia lichens: SPECIFICITY AND SELECTIVITY IN LICHENS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Symbiosis is a major theme in the history of life and can be an important force driving evolution. However, across symbioses, it is difficult to tease apart the mechanisms that structure the interactions among potential partners. We used... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8359247" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Symbiosis is a major theme in the history of life and can be an important force driving evolution. However, across symbioses, it is difficult to tease apart the mechanisms that structure the interactions among potential partners. We used genetic similarity and frequency-based methods to qualitatively and quantitatively examine the patterns of association among several co-occurring Cladonia lichen fungi and their algal photobionts in six disjunct Florida scrub sites. The patterns of association were described by the degree of specificity, i.e. the phylogenetic range of associated partners, and of selectivity, i.e. the frequency of association among partners. Six fungal species associated with only one algal internal transcribed spacer clade, with the remaining two fungi being associated with two algal clades. In all cases, the fungi associated in unequal frequencies with the observed algal photobiont genotypes within those clades — suggesting that both specificity and selectivity were higher than expected. Fungal species can be grouped into three significantly different specificity classes: photobiont specialists, intermediates and generalists. In contrast to the pronounced specificity for photobionts among fungal species, the different Florida scrub sites do not harbour distinct photobiont pools, and differential photobiont availability cannot explain the patterning of lichen associations at this spatial scale. Therefore, we conclude that fungal specificity and selectivity for algal photobionts are major factors in determining the local composition of symbiotic partnerships.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8359247" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4dd7f2719eeda84f8f09924b63221532" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48124096,"asset_id":8359247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48124096/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16785321" href="https://rbge.academia.edu/RebeccaYahr">Rebecca Yahr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16785321" type="text/json">{"id":16785321,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Yahr","domain_name":"rbge","page_name":"RebeccaYahr","display_name":"Rebecca Yahr","profile_url":"https://rbge.academia.edu/RebeccaYahr?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8359247 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8359247"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8359247, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8359247", }); 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However, across symbioses, it is difficult to tease apart the mechanisms that structure the interactions among potential partners. We used genetic similarity and frequency-based methods to qualitatively and quantitatively examine the patterns of association among several co-occurring Cladonia lichen fungi and their algal photobionts in six disjunct Florida scrub sites. The patterns of association were described by the degree of specificity, i.e. the phylogenetic range of associated partners, and of selectivity, i.e. the frequency of association among partners. Six fungal species associated with only one algal internal transcribed spacer clade, with the remaining two fungi being associated with two algal clades. In all cases, the fungi associated in unequal frequencies with the observed algal photobiont genotypes within those clades — suggesting that both specificity and selectivity were higher than expected. Fungal species can be grouped into three significantly different specificity classes: photobiont specialists, intermediates and generalists. In contrast to the pronounced specificity for photobionts among fungal species, the different Florida scrub sites do not harbour distinct photobiont pools, and differential photobiont availability cannot explain the patterning of lichen associations at this spatial scale. Therefore, we conclude that fungal specificity and selectivity for algal photobionts are major factors in determining the local composition of symbiotic partnerships.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48124096,"asset_id":8359247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16785321,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Yahr","domain_name":"rbge","page_name":"RebeccaYahr","display_name":"Rebecca Yahr","profile_url":"https://rbge.academia.edu/RebeccaYahr?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=7043"},{"id":110287,"name":"Florida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Florida?f_ri=7043"},{"id":149132,"name":"Lichens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lichens?f_ri=7043"},{"id":149268,"name":"Quercus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quercus?f_ri=7043"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=7043"},{"id":544320,"name":"Rosmarinus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rosmarinus?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1868097,"name":"Selectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selectivity?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12986353 coauthored" data-work_id="12986353" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12986353/Obligate_Intracellular_Bacterial_Parasites_of_Acanthamoebae_Related_toChlamydiaspp">Obligate Intracellular Bacterial Parasites of Acanthamoebae Related toChlamydiaspp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The phylogeny of obligate intracellular coccoid parasites of acanthamoebae isolated from the nasal mucosa of humans was analyzed by the rRNA approach. The primary structures of the 16S and 23S rRNA molecules... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12986353" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The phylogeny of obligate intracellular coccoid parasites of acanthamoebae isolated from the nasal mucosa of humans was analyzed by the rRNA approach. The primary structures of the 16S and 23S rRNA molecules ofonestrainweredeterminedinalmostfulllength.Insituhybridizationwithahorseradishperoxidase-labeled oligonucleotide probe targeted to a unique signature site undoubtedly correlated the retrieved 16S rRNA sequence to the respective intracellular parasite. This probe also hybridized with the second</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12986353" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49ceb3d2f4f4044b04c1b63ab4c09dcf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37907913,"asset_id":12986353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37907913/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32199525" href="https://mpi-bremen.academia.edu/RudolfAmann">Rudolf Amann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32199525" type="text/json">{"id":32199525,"first_name":"Rudolf","last_name":"Amann","domain_name":"mpi-bremen","page_name":"RudolfAmann","display_name":"Rudolf Amann","profile_url":"https://mpi-bremen.academia.edu/RudolfAmann?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12986353">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12986353"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NinaSpringer">Nina Springer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12986353'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12986353').html(); 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Khayri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="142299095" type="text/json">{"id":142299095,"first_name":"Ezekiel","last_name":"Khayri","domain_name":"gre","page_name":"EzekielK","display_name":"Ezekiel J . Khayri","profile_url":"https://gre.academia.edu/EzekielK?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142299095/38628979/35690861/s65_ezekiel.khayri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41712547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41712547"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41712547, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41712547", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41712547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41712547; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41712547"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41712547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41712547"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41712547; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41712547]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41712547").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41712547").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41712547"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13744" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Microbiology">Molecular Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13744" type="text/json">{"id":13744,"name":"Molecular Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Microbiology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41712547]'), work: {"id":41712547,"title":"Endosymbiont Theory of The Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells: Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and prokaryotes: Long lost family or complete strangers?","created_at":"2020-01-23T05:56:15.661-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41712547/Endosymbiont_Theory_of_The_Evolution_of_Eukaryotic_Cells_Mitochondria_chloroplasts_and_prokaryotes_Long_lost_family_or_complete_strangers?f_ri=7043","dom_id":"work_41712547","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61871514,"asset_id":41712547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":142299095,"first_name":"Ezekiel","last_name":"Khayri","domain_name":"gre","page_name":"EzekielK","display_name":"Ezekiel J . Khayri","profile_url":"https://gre.academia.edu/EzekielK?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142299095/38628979/35690861/s65_ezekiel.khayri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":13744,"name":"Molecular Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Microbiology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":13827,"name":"Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Biology?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33610111" data-work_id="33610111" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33610111/Thin_film_magnetism">Thin film magnetism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33610111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f453ff4e9b01e79b539941f9b657bb21" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53628587,"asset_id":33610111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53628587/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57189553" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamBader2">Sam Bader</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57189553" type="text/json">{"id":57189553,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Bader","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamBader2","display_name":"Sam Bader","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamBader2?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33610111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33610111"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33610111, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33610111", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33610111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33610111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33610111"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33610111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33610111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33610111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33610111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33610111").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33610111").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33610111"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14077" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Diffraction">Electron Diffraction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14077" type="text/json">{"id":14077,"name":"Electron Diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Diffraction?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15934" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_thin_film">Magnetic thin film</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15934" type="text/json">{"id":15934,"name":"Magnetic thin film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_thin_film?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16647" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Spectroscopy">Electron Spectroscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16647" type="text/json">{"id":16647,"name":"Electron Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Spectroscopy?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33610111]'), work: {"id":33610111,"title":"Thin film magnetism","created_at":"2017-06-22T12:28:55.635-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33610111/Thin_film_magnetism?f_ri=7043","dom_id":"work_33610111","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53628587,"asset_id":33610111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57189553,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Bader","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamBader2","display_name":"Sam Bader","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamBader2?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":14077,"name":"Electron Diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Diffraction?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":15934,"name":"Magnetic thin film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_thin_film?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":16647,"name":"Electron Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Spectroscopy?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":34754,"name":"Magnetic field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_field?f_ri=7043"},{"id":49427,"name":"Thin Films","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thin_Films?f_ri=7043"},{"id":101573,"name":"Thin Film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thin_Film?f_ri=7043"},{"id":133975,"name":"Magnetic Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Properties?f_ri=7043"},{"id":136801,"name":"Fabrication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fabrication?f_ri=7043"},{"id":230949,"name":"Anisotropic media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anisotropic_media?f_ri=7043"},{"id":370891,"name":"Curie temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curie_temperature?f_ri=7043"},{"id":393410,"name":"Excited states","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excited_states?f_ri=7043"},{"id":483085,"name":"Epitaxy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epitaxy?f_ri=7043"},{"id":566558,"name":"Magnetic Anisotropy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Anisotropy?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1228946,"name":"Physical Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Properties?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1237922,"name":"Energy Levels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Levels?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1371366,"name":"Superlattices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superlattices?f_ri=7043"},{"id":2643068,"name":"Metastable state","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metastable_state?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8814710" data-work_id="8814710" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8814710/Bacterial_endophyte_mediated_naphthalene_phytoprotection_and_phytoremediation">Bacterial endophyte-mediated naphthalene phytoprotection and phytoremediation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major and recalcitrant pollutants of the environment and their removal presents a significant problem. Phytoremediation has shown much promise in PAH removal from contaminated soil, but may be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8814710" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major and recalcitrant pollutants of the environment and their removal presents a significant problem. Phytoremediation has shown much promise in PAH removal from contaminated soil, but may be inhibited because the plant experiences phytotoxic effects from low-molecular-weight PAHs such as naphthalene. This paper describes the construction of a naphthalene-degrading endophytic strain designated Pseudomonas putida VM1441(pNAH7). This strain was found to be an efficient colonizer of plants, colonizing both the rhizosphere and interior root tissues. The inoculation of plants with P. putida VM1441(pNAH7) resulted in the protection of the host plant from the phytotoxic effects of naphthalene. When inoculated plants were exposed to naphthalene, both seed germination and plant transpiration rates were higher than those of the uninoculated controls. The inoculation of plants with this strain also facilitated higher (40%) naphthalene degradation rates compared with uninoculated plants in artificially contaminated soil.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8814710" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="882c810c18aea6a21652a9e7a3f737fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47992741,"asset_id":8814710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47992741/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19121772" href="https://setu.academia.edu/kieranGermaine">kieran Germaine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19121772" type="text/json">{"id":19121772,"first_name":"kieran","last_name":"Germaine","domain_name":"setu","page_name":"kieranGermaine","display_name":"kieran Germaine","profile_url":"https://setu.academia.edu/kieranGermaine?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8814710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8814710"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8814710, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8814710", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8814710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8814710; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8814710"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8814710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8814710"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8814710; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8814710]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8814710").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8814710").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8814710"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2564" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytoremediation">Phytoremediation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2564" type="text/json">{"id":2564,"name":"Phytoremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytoremediation?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6333" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation">Bioremediation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6333" type="text/json">{"id":6333,"name":"Bioremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15608" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seed_germination">Seed germination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15608" type="text/json">{"id":15608,"name":"Seed germination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seed_germination?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8814710]'), work: {"id":8814710,"title":"Bacterial endophyte-mediated naphthalene phytoprotection and phytoremediation","created_at":"2014-10-16T07:40:35.633-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8814710/Bacterial_endophyte_mediated_naphthalene_phytoprotection_and_phytoremediation?f_ri=7043","dom_id":"work_8814710","summary":"Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major and recalcitrant pollutants of the environment and their removal presents a significant problem. Phytoremediation has shown much promise in PAH removal from contaminated soil, but may be inhibited because the plant experiences phytotoxic effects from low-molecular-weight PAHs such as naphthalene. This paper describes the construction of a naphthalene-degrading endophytic strain designated Pseudomonas putida VM1441(pNAH7). This strain was found to be an efficient colonizer of plants, colonizing both the rhizosphere and interior root tissues. The inoculation of plants with P. putida VM1441(pNAH7) resulted in the protection of the host plant from the phytotoxic effects of naphthalene. When inoculated plants were exposed to naphthalene, both seed germination and plant transpiration rates were higher than those of the uninoculated controls. The inoculation of plants with this strain also facilitated higher (40%) naphthalene degradation rates compared with uninoculated plants in artificially contaminated soil.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47992741,"asset_id":8814710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19121772,"first_name":"kieran","last_name":"Germaine","domain_name":"setu","page_name":"kieranGermaine","display_name":"kieran Germaine","profile_url":"https://setu.academia.edu/kieranGermaine?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2564,"name":"Phytoremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytoremediation?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":6333,"name":"Bioremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":15608,"name":"Seed germination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seed_germination?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":47477,"name":"Soil Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollution?f_ri=7043"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7043"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=7043"},{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=7043"},{"id":156319,"name":"Soils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soils?f_ri=7043"},{"id":169070,"name":"Sol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sol?f_ri=7043"},{"id":183736,"name":"Pseudomonas putida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_putida?f_ri=7043"},{"id":202399,"name":"Plant Roots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Roots?f_ri=7043"},{"id":202419,"name":"Soil Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Bacteria?f_ri=7043"},{"id":212488,"name":"Transpiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transpiration?f_ri=7043"},{"id":224144,"name":"Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollutants?f_ri=7043"},{"id":231547,"name":"Soil Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbiology?f_ri=7043"},{"id":231549,"name":"Rhizosphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizosphere?f_ri=7043"},{"id":538342,"name":"Pollutant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollutant?f_ri=7043"},{"id":727816,"name":"Soil Types","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Types?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21459236 coauthored" data-work_id="21459236" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21459236/SCRIPPSIELLA_VELELLAE_SP_NOV_PERIDINIALES_AND_GLOEOKINIUM_VISCUM_SP_NOV_PHYTODINIALES_DINOFLAGELLATE_SYMBIONTS_OF_TWO_HYDROZOANS_CNIDIARIA_1_2">SCRIPPSIELLA VELELLAE SP. NOV. (PERIDINIALES) AND GLOEOKINIUM VISCUM SP. NOV. (PHYTODINIALES), DINOFLAGELLATE SYMBIONTS OF TWO HYDROZOANS (CNIDIARIA)1,2</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21459236" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96fa853134c2361a7fc5982c116c5411" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41888957,"asset_id":21459236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41888957/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42536198" href="https://unam.academia.edu/ABanaszak">Anastazia Banaszak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42536198" type="text/json">{"id":42536198,"first_name":"Anastazia","last_name":"Banaszak","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"ABanaszak","display_name":"Anastazia Banaszak","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/ABanaszak?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42536198/28797593/26889527/s65_anastazia.banaszak.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-21459236">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-21459236"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertTrench">Robert Trench</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-21459236'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-21459236').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21459236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21459236"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21459236, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21459236", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21459236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21459236; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21459236"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21459236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21459236"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21459236; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21459236]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21459236").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21459236").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21459236"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="166" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phycology">Phycology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="166" type="text/json">{"id":166,"name":"Phycology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phycology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21459236]'), work: {"id":21459236,"title":"SCRIPPSIELLA VELELLAE SP. NOV. (PERIDINIALES) AND GLOEOKINIUM VISCUM SP. NOV. (PHYTODINIALES), DINOFLAGELLATE SYMBIONTS OF TWO HYDROZOANS (CNIDIARIA)1,2","created_at":"2016-02-02T06:46:31.195-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21459236/SCRIPPSIELLA_VELELLAE_SP_NOV_PERIDINIALES_AND_GLOEOKINIUM_VISCUM_SP_NOV_PHYTODINIALES_DINOFLAGELLATE_SYMBIONTS_OF_TWO_HYDROZOANS_CNIDIARIA_1_2?f_ri=7043","dom_id":"work_21459236","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41888957,"asset_id":21459236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42536198,"first_name":"Anastazia","last_name":"Banaszak","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"ABanaszak","display_name":"Anastazia Banaszak","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/ABanaszak?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42536198/28797593/26889527/s65_anastazia.banaszak.jpg"},{"id":42823903,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Trench","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertTrench","display_name":"Robert Trench","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertTrench?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":166,"name":"Phycology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phycology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18181200 coauthored" data-work_id="18181200" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18181200/Indigenous_legumes_biomass_quality_and_influence_on_C_and_N_mineralization_under_indigenous_legume_fallow_systems">Indigenous legumes biomass quality and influence on C and N mineralization under indigenous legume fallow systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18181200" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7d8ac144461f94ae4d70bbd3de2a1d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42187822,"asset_id":18181200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42187822/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38164684" href="https://uz-ac.academia.edu/PaulMapfumo">Paul Mapfumo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38164684" type="text/json">{"id":38164684,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Mapfumo","domain_name":"uz-ac","page_name":"PaulMapfumo","display_name":"Paul Mapfumo","profile_url":"https://uz-ac.academia.edu/PaulMapfumo?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18181200">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18181200"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TonnyTauro">Tonny Tauro</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18181200'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18181200').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18181200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18181200"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18181200, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18181200", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18181200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18181200; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18181200"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18181200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18181200"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18181200; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18181200]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18181200").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18181200").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18181200"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53108" type="text/json">{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18181200]'), work: {"id":18181200,"title":"Indigenous legumes biomass quality and influence on C and N mineralization under indigenous legume fallow systems","created_at":"2015-11-11T22:54:55.266-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18181200/Indigenous_legumes_biomass_quality_and_influence_on_C_and_N_mineralization_under_indigenous_legume_fallow_systems?f_ri=7043","dom_id":"work_18181200","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42187822,"asset_id":18181200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38164684,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Mapfumo","domain_name":"uz-ac","page_name":"PaulMapfumo","display_name":"Paul Mapfumo","profile_url":"https://uz-ac.academia.edu/PaulMapfumo?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":42798121,"first_name":"Tonny","last_name":"Tauro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TonnyTauro","display_name":"Tonny 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Evolution is traditionally considered a gradual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15574000" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This  work  is  a  contribution  to  the  literature  and  knowledge  on  evolution  that  takes  into  account  the  biological  data  obtained  on  symbiosis  and  symbiogenesis.  Evolution  is  traditionally  considered  a  gradual  process  essentially<br />consisting  of  natural  selection,  conducted  on  minimal  phenotypical  variations that  are  the  result  of  mutations  and  genetic  recombinations  to  form  new  species.  However,  the  biological  world  presents  and  involves  symbiotic  associations<br />between  different  organisms  to  form  consortia,  a  new structural  life  dimension  and a  symbiont-induced  speciation.  The  acknowledgment  of  this  reality  implies  a  new<br />understanding  of  the  natural  world,  in  which  symbiogenesis  plays  an  important role  as  an  evolutive  mechanism.  Within  this  understanding,  symbiosis  is  the  key to  the  acquisition  of  new  genomes  and  new  metabolic  capacities,  driving  living<br />forms’  evolution  and  the  establishment  of  biodiversity  and  complexity  on  Earth. This  chapter  provides  information  on  some  of  the  key  figures  and  their  major works  on  symbiosis  and  symbiogenesis  and  reinforces  the  importance  of  these<br />concepts  in  our  understanding  of  the  natural  world  and  the  role  they  play  in  the establishing  of  the  evolutionary  complexity  of  living  systems.  In  this  context,  the concept  of  the  symbiogenic  superorganism  is  also  discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15574000" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10c80cd4099c80474e41b835b7151536" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38725059,"asset_id":15574000,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38725059/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="106931" href="https://lisboa.academia.edu/FranciscoCarrapico">Francisco Carrapiço</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="106931" type="text/json">{"id":106931,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Carrapiço","domain_name":"lisboa","page_name":"FranciscoCarrapico","display_name":"Francisco Carrapiço","profile_url":"https://lisboa.academia.edu/FranciscoCarrapico?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/106931/198369/231275/s65_francisco.carrapico.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15574000 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15574000"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15574000, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15574000", }); 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Evolution is traditionally considered a gradual process essentially\nconsisting of natural selection, conducted on minimal phenotypical variations that are the result of mutations and genetic recombinations to form new species. However, the biological world presents and involves symbiotic associations\nbetween different organisms to form consortia, a new structural life dimension and a symbiont-induced speciation. The acknowledgment of this reality implies a new\nunderstanding of the natural world, in which symbiogenesis plays an important role as an evolutive mechanism. Within this understanding, symbiosis is the key to the acquisition of new genomes and new metabolic capacities, driving living\nforms’ evolution and the establishment of biodiversity and complexity on Earth. This chapter provides information on some of the key figures and their major works on symbiosis and symbiogenesis and reinforces the importance of these\nconcepts in our understanding of the natural world and the role they play in the establishing of the evolutionary complexity of living systems. 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Much investigation has focused on bacterial colonization of the intestine, home to the vast majority of this microbiota. Experimental evidence has highlighted that these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19006929" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mucosal surfaces are colonized by a diverse and dynamic microbiota. Much investigation has focused on bacterial colonization of the intestine, home to the vast majority of this microbiota. Experimental evidence has highlighted that these colonizing microbes are essential to host development and homeostasis, but less is known about host factors that may regulate the composition of this ecosystem. While evidence shows that IgA has a role in shaping this microbiota, it is likely that effector molecules of the innate immune system are also involved. One hypothesis is that gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides, key elements of innate immunity throughout nature, have an essential role in this regulation. These effector molecules characteristically have activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria and other microbes. At mucosal surfaces, antimicrobial peptides may affect the numbers and/or composition of the colonizing microbiota. In humans and other mammals, defensins are a predominant class of antimicrobial peptides. In the small intestine, Paneth cells (specialized secretory epithelial cells) produce high quantities of defensins and several other antibiotic peptides and proteins. Data from murine models indicate that Paneth cell defensins play a pivotal role in defense from food and water-borne pathogens in the intestinal lumen. Recent studies in humans provide evidence that reduced Paneth cell defensin expression may be a key pathogenic factor in ileal Crohn&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease, a subgroup of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and changes in the colonizing microbiota may mediate this pathogenic mechanism. It is also possible that low levels of Paneth cell defensins, characteristic of normal intestinal development, may predispose premature neonates to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) through similar close links with the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Future studies to further define mechanisms by which defensins and other host factors regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota will likely provide new insights into intestinal homeostasis and new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and infectious diseases of the bowel.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19006929" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39a0a882a5cd5450854614f40a4adde1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42119286,"asset_id":19006929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42119286/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39157979" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NitaSalzman">Nita Salzman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39157979" type="text/json">{"id":39157979,"first_name":"Nita","last_name":"Salzman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NitaSalzman","display_name":"Nita Salzman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NitaSalzman?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19006929 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19006929"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19006929, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19006929", }); 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Much investigation has focused on bacterial colonization of the intestine, home to the vast majority of this microbiota. Experimental evidence has highlighted that these colonizing microbes are essential to host development and homeostasis, but less is known about host factors that may regulate the composition of this ecosystem. While evidence shows that IgA has a role in shaping this microbiota, it is likely that effector molecules of the innate immune system are also involved. One hypothesis is that gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides, key elements of innate immunity throughout nature, have an essential role in this regulation. These effector molecules characteristically have activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria and other microbes. At mucosal surfaces, antimicrobial peptides may affect the numbers and/or composition of the colonizing microbiota. In humans and other mammals, defensins are a predominant class of antimicrobial peptides. In the small intestine, Paneth cells (specialized secretory epithelial cells) produce high quantities of defensins and several other antibiotic peptides and proteins. Data from murine models indicate that Paneth cell defensins play a pivotal role in defense from food and water-borne pathogens in the intestinal lumen. Recent studies in humans provide evidence that reduced Paneth cell defensin expression may be a key pathogenic factor in ileal Crohn\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease, a subgroup of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and changes in the colonizing microbiota may mediate this pathogenic mechanism. It is also possible that low levels of Paneth cell defensins, characteristic of normal intestinal development, may predispose premature neonates to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) through similar close links with the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Future studies to further define mechanisms by which defensins and other host factors regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota will likely provide new insights into intestinal homeostasis and new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and infectious diseases of the bowel.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42119286,"asset_id":19006929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39157979,"first_name":"Nita","last_name":"Salzman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NitaSalzman","display_name":"Nita Salzman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NitaSalzman?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":59366,"name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammatory_Bowel_Disease?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7043"},{"id":71471,"name":"Intestinal Mucosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_Mucosa?f_ri=7043"},{"id":81309,"name":"Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Disease?f_ri=7043"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7043"},{"id":220440,"name":"Antimicrobial Peptide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_Peptide?f_ri=7043"},{"id":321836,"name":"Spectrum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectrum?f_ri=7043"},{"id":694109,"name":"Beta Defensins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beta_Defensins?f_ri=7043"},{"id":951639,"name":"Murine Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Murine_Model?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1647723,"name":"Small Intestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Intestine?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1810568,"name":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammatory_Bowel_Diseases?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1929064,"name":"Intestinal Microbiota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_Microbiota?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1938317,"name":"Innate Immune System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_Immune_System?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72555495" data-work_id="72555495" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72555495/The_Symbiodinium_kawagutii_genome_illuminates_dinoflagellate_gene_expression_and_coral_symbiosis">The Symbiodinium kawagutii genome illuminates dinoflagellate gene expression and coral symbiosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dinoflagellates are important components of marine ecosystems and essential coral symbionts, yet little is known about their genomes. We report here on the analysis of a high-quality assembly from the 1180-megabase genome of Symbiodinium... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72555495" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dinoflagellates are important components of marine ecosystems and essential coral symbionts, yet little is known about their genomes. We report here on the analysis of a high-quality assembly from the 1180-megabase genome of Symbiodinium kawagutii. We annotated protein-coding genes and identified Symbiodinium-specific gene families. No whole-genome duplication was observed, but instead we found active (retro)transposition and gene family expansion, especially in processes important for successful symbiosis with corals. We also documented genes potentially governing sexual reproduction and cyst formation, novel promoter elements, and a microRNA system potentially regulating gene expression in both symbiont and coral. We found biochemical complementarity between genomes of S. kawagutii and the anthozoan Acropora, indicative of host-symbiont coevolution, providing a resource for studying the molecular basis and evolution of coral symbiosis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72555495" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3196c57e1f76e91b9bebe9e144dced9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81438506,"asset_id":72555495,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81438506/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9975829" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SenjieLin">Senjie Lin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9975829" type="text/json">{"id":9975829,"first_name":"Senjie","last_name":"Lin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SenjieLin","display_name":"Senjie Lin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SenjieLin?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9975829/3090186/3636254/s65_senjie.lin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72555495 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72555495"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72555495, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72555495", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72555495]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72555495").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72555495").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72555495"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6779" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science">Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6779" type="text/json">{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Reefs">Coral Reefs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7807" type="text/json">{"id":7807,"name":"Coral Reefs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Reefs?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72555495]'), work: {"id":72555495,"title":"The Symbiodinium kawagutii genome illuminates dinoflagellate gene expression and coral symbiosis","created_at":"2022-02-27T14:38:01.028-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72555495/The_Symbiodinium_kawagutii_genome_illuminates_dinoflagellate_gene_expression_and_coral_symbiosis?f_ri=7043","dom_id":"work_72555495","summary":"Dinoflagellates are important components of marine ecosystems and essential coral symbionts, yet little is known about their genomes. We report here on the analysis of a high-quality assembly from the 1180-megabase genome of Symbiodinium kawagutii. We annotated protein-coding genes and identified Symbiodinium-specific gene families. No whole-genome duplication was observed, but instead we found active (retro)transposition and gene family expansion, especially in processes important for successful symbiosis with corals. We also documented genes potentially governing sexual reproduction and cyst formation, novel promoter elements, and a microRNA system potentially regulating gene expression in both symbiont and coral. We found biochemical complementarity between genomes of S. kawagutii and the anthozoan Acropora, indicative of host-symbiont coevolution, providing a resource for studying the molecular basis and evolution of coral symbiosis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81438506,"asset_id":72555495,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9975829,"first_name":"Senjie","last_name":"Lin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SenjieLin","display_name":"Senjie Lin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SenjieLin?f_ri=7043","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9975829/3090186/3636254/s65_senjie.lin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":7807,"name":"Coral Reefs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Reefs?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=7043","nofollow":false},{"id":77753,"name":"Anthozoa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthozoa?f_ri=7043"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7043"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=7043"},{"id":295854,"name":"microRNAs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/microRNAs?f_ri=7043"},{"id":502720,"name":"Gene Targeting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Targeting?f_ri=7043"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=7043"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52265870" data-work_id="52265870" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52265870/Wolbachiaincreases_the_susceptibility_of_a_parasitoid_wasp_to_hyperparasitism">Wolbachiaincreases the susceptibility of a parasitoid wasp to hyperparasitism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The success of maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria, such as Wolbachia, is directly linked to their host reproduction but in direct conflict with other parasites that kill the host before it reaches reproductive maturity.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52265870" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The success of maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria, such as Wolbachia, is directly linked to their host reproduction but in direct conflict with other parasites that kill the host before it reaches reproductive maturity. Therefore, symbionts that have evolved strategies to increase their host’s ability to evade lethal parasites may have high penetrance, while detrimental symbionts would be selected against, leading to lower penetrance or extinction from the host population. In a natural population of the parasitoid wasp Hyposoter horticola in the Åland Islands (Finland), the Wolbachia strain wHho persists at an intermediate prevalence (∼50%). Additionally, there is a negative correlation between the prevalence of Wolbachia and a hyperparasitoid wasp, Mesochorus cf. stigmaticus, in the landscape. Using a manipulative field experiment, we addressed the persistence of Wolbachia at this intermediate level, and tested whether the observed negative correlation could be due to Wo...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52265870" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7fccac9bd6e595389b964331e2511794" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69610892,"asset_id":52265870,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69610892/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTQzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71649055" href="https://independent.academia.edu/anneduplouy">anne duplouy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71649055" type="text/json">{"id":71649055,"first_name":"anne","last_name":"duplouy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"anneduplouy","display_name":"anne duplouy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/anneduplouy?f_ri=7043","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52265870 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52265870"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52265870, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52265870", }); 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Therefore, symbionts that have evolved strategies to increase their host’s ability to evade lethal parasites may have high penetrance, while detrimental symbionts would be selected against, leading to lower penetrance or extinction from the host population. In a natural population of the parasitoid wasp Hyposoter horticola in the Åland Islands (Finland), the Wolbachia strain wHho persists at an intermediate prevalence (∼50%). Additionally, there is a negative correlation between the prevalence of Wolbachia and a hyperparasitoid wasp, Mesochorus cf. stigmaticus, in the landscape. 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