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Tilgængelig på 26 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المنظمات الصناعية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المنظمات الصناعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99nayenin_t%C9%99%C5%9Fkili" title="Sənayenin təşkili – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sənayenin təşkili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индустриална организация – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индустриална организация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrie%C3%B6konomik" title="Industrieökonomik – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Industrieökonomik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Βιομηχανική Οργάνωση – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιομηχανική Οργάνωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_organization" title="Industrial organization – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Industrial organization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial" title="Organización industrial – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización industrial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industria-antolamendu" title="Industria-antolamendu – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Industria-antolamendu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سازمان صنعتی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان صنعتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toimialan_taloustiede" title="Toimialan taloustiede – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toimialan taloustiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_industrielle" title="Organisation industrielle – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation industrielle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="औद्योगिक संगठन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="औद्योगिक संगठन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_industriale" title="Economia industriale – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Economia industriale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E8%AB%96" title="産業組織論 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="産業組織論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81%EB%A1%A0" title="산업조직론 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산업조직론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_perindustrian" title="Organisasi perindustrian – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Organisasi perindustrian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri%C3%ABle_organisatie" title="Industriële organisatie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Industriële organisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rings%C3%B8konomi" title="Næringsøkonomi – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Næringsøkonomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_industrial" title="Organização industrial – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organização industrial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Теория организации отрасли – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теория организации отрасли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="කාර්මික සංවිධානය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාර්මික සංවිධානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Индустријски менаџмент – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индустријски менаџмент" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="เศรษฐศาสตร์อุตสาหกรรม – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เศรษฐศาสตร์อุตสาหกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><p><b>Industriøkonomi</b> er en underdisciplin indenfor <a href="/wiki/Mikro%C3%B8konomi" title="Mikroøkonomi">mikroøkonomi</a>. Feltet undersøger <a href="/wiki/Virksomhed" title="Virksomhed">virksomheders</a> og <a href="/wiki/Marked" title="Marked">markeders</a> struktur og grænseområderne mellem dem. På engelsk betegnes disciplinen <i>industrial organization</i>, som mere direkte omtrent kan oversættes som ”organisering af brancher”. Den gængse danske betegnelse industriøkonomi er dermed egentlig lidt misvisende - feltet beskæftiger sig ikke specielt med fremstillingserhvervet <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a>. </p><p>Industriøkonomi beskæftiger sig især med markeder, hvor der er <a href="/wiki/Ufuldkommen_konkurrence" title="Ufuldkommen konkurrence">ufuldkommen konkurrence</a>. Det er dermed typisk situationer, hvor forhold som <a href="/wiki/Transaktionsomkostning" title="Transaktionsomkostning">transaktionsomkostninger</a>, begrænset information og adgangsbarrierer til markederne for nye virksomheder skaber en mere kompliceret situation og dermed afviger fra det mere simple tilfælde med <a href="/wiki/Fuldkommen_konkurrence" title="Fuldkommen konkurrence">fuldkommen konkurrence</a>. </p><p>Den omfattende brug af <a href="/wiki/Spilteori" title="Spilteori">spilteori</a> indenfor industriøkonomi har medført, at dette redskab efterhånden også i stigende grad anvendes indenfor andre mikroøkonomiske underdiscipliner som <a href="/wiki/Adf%C3%A6rds%C3%B8konomi" title="Adfærdsøkonomi">adfærdsøkonomi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Finansiering" title="Finansiering">finansiering</a>. Industriøkonomi har også haft væsentlig praktisk betydning for udformningen af <a href="/wiki/Konkurrencelovgivning" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkurrencelovgivning">konkurrencelovgivning</a> og –politik. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tre_tilgange_til_emnet">Tre tilgange til emnet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industri%C3%B8konomi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Tre tilgange til emnet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industri%C3%B8konomi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tre tilgange til emnet"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der er flere forskellige tilgange til emnet. Én tilgang er <a href="/wiki/Empiri" title="Empiri">empirisk</a>-deskriptiv og forsøger at skabe et overblik over virksomhedernes mest udbredte organiseringsformer via mål for <a href="/wiki/Konkurrence_(%C3%B8konomisk)" title="Konkurrence (økonomisk)">konkurrence</a>, koncentrationen af virksomheder og <a href="/wiki/Monopolmagt" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopolmagt">monopolmagt</a> som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herfindahl-indeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herfindahl-indeks (ikke skrevet endnu)">Herfindahl-indeks</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lerner-indeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lerner-indeks (ikke skrevet endnu)">Lerner-indeks</a>. En anden tilgang anvender mikroøkonomiske metoder til at forklare virksomheders interne adfærd og markedsstrategier.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En tredje tilgang er orienteret mod erhvervs- og konkurrencepolitik og spørgsmål om den rette regulering af <a href="/wiki/Erhvervsliv" class="mw-redirect" title="Erhvervsliv">erhvervslivet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det gælder spørgsmål som antimonopollovgivning og mere generelt <a href="/wiki/Rets%C3%B8konomi" title="Retsøkonomi">retsøkonomiske</a> problemstillinger som lovgivning anvendt som økonomisk styringsinstrument til at sikre <a href="/wiki/Ejendomsret" title="Ejendomsret">ejendomsrettigheder</a> og sikre overholdelsen af <a href="/wiki/Kontrakt" title="Kontrakt">kontrakter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kendte_industriøkonomer"><span id="Kendte_industri.C3.B8konomer"></span>Kendte industriøkonomer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industri%C3%B8konomi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Kendte industriøkonomer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industri%C3%B8konomi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kendte industriøkonomer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ifølge bogen <i>Pioneers of Industrial Organization</i> fra 2009 kan disciplinen følge sin oprindelse tilbage til <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den amerikanske <a href="/wiki/%C3%98konom" title="Økonom">økonom</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Chamberlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Chamberlin (ikke skrevet endnu)">Edward Chamberlin</a> har været en vigtig pioner i udviklingen af feltet, især via sine analyser af <a href="/wiki/Monopolistisk_konkurrence" title="Monopolistisk konkurrence">monopolistisk konkurrence</a>. Andre betydende industriøkonomer er <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Riksbanks_pris_i_%C3%B8konomi" title="Sveriges Riksbanks pris i økonomi">Nobelpristagerne</a> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Williamson" title="Oliver Williamson">Oliver Williamson</a> og <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a>. Tirole har også skrevet en vidt udbredt <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6rebog" title="Lærebog">lærebog</a> om emnet, der bl.a. har været brugt i en årrække i undervisningen i industriøkonomi på danske <a href="/wiki/Universitet" title="Universitet">universiteter</a>. Blandt danske økonomer er bl.a. professor <a href="/wiki/Christian_Schultz" title="Christian Schultz">Christian Schultz</a>, formand for <a href="/wiki/Konkurrencer%C3%A5det" title="Konkurrencerådet">Konkurrencerådet</a>, kendt som forsker indenfor feltet. </p><p>I industriøkonomi analyseres problemstillinger som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisdiskriminering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prisdiskriminering (ikke skrevet endnu)">prisdiskriminering</a>, produktdifferentiering, varige <a href="/wiki/Gode_(%C3%B8konomi)" title="Gode (økonomi)">goder</a>, brugtmarkeder, samarbejde mellem virksomheder, markedssignaler som <a href="/wiki/Reklame" title="Reklame">reklame</a> og garantipolitik samt virksomheders tankegang i forbindelse med indtræden på og udtræden af et marked. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Underområder"><span id="Underomr.C3.A5der"></span>Underområder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industri%C3%B8konomi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Underområder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industri%C3%B8konomi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Underområder"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En måde at systematisere omfanget af økonomiske emner og underområder er at anvende det førende amerikanske tidsskrift <a href="/wiki/JEL-klassificering" title="JEL-klassificering">Journal of Economic Literature’s klassificering</a>. I dette er industriøkonomi ét af 20 primære områder (anført med kendingsbogstavet L), der igen er opdelt i 9 sekundære kategorier, der hver har adskillige tertiære kategorier tilknyttet. </p><p>De sekundære kategorier er som følger: </p> <ul><li>L1: Markedsstruktur, virksomheders strategier og markedsperformance</li> <li>L2: Virksomheders mål, organisering og adfærd</li> <li>L3: Non-profitorganisationer og offentlige virksomheder</li> <li>L4: Antimonopollovgivning og problemstillinger</li> <li>L5: Regulering og erhvervspolitik</li> <li>L6: Branchestudier: Industri</li> <li>L7: Branchestudier: Primære produkter og byggeri</li> <li>L8: Branchestudier: Servicesektoren</li> <li>L9: Branchestudier: Transport og forsyning</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilder">Kilder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industri%C3%B8konomi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Kilder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industri%C3%B8konomi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kilder"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">• Frederic M. Scherer og David Ross, 1990. <i>Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance</i>, 3. udgave <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1496716">Beskrivelse</a>.<br /> • Dennis W. Carlton og Jeffery M. Perloff, 2004. "Modern Industrial Organization, Overview", kapitel 5, <i>Handbook of Industrial Organization</i>, Elsevier, v. 1, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573448X89010083">259</a>-327.<br /> • Carl Shapiro, 1989. "The Theory of Business Strategy", <i>RAND Journal of Economics</i>, 20(1), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/2555656">125</a>-137.<br /> • Kyle Bagwell og Asher Wolinsky (2002). "Game theory and Industrial Organization", ch. 49, <i>Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications</i>, v. 3, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574000502030126">1851</a>-1895.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Schmalensee og Robert Willig (red.) (1989): <i>Handbook of Industrial Organization</i>, Elsevier, v. 2, Part 5, Government Intervention in the Marketplace, ch. 22-26, abstract <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/1573448X/2">links.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry W. de Jong og William G. Shepherd (red.) (2007): <i>Pioneers of Industrial Organization.</i> Cheltenham, UK: Elgar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-elgar.com/Bookentry_DESCRIPTION.lasso?id=3125">links</a> og <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TpfrPPOFWUIC&printsec=find&pg=PA3=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false">preview</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807000000/http://www.e-elgar.com/Bookentry_DESCRIPTION.lasso?id=3125#v=onepage&q&f=false">Arkiveret</a> 7. august 2011 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Navboks_%C3%B8konomi" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Navboks økonomi"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";background:#d0f0c0;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Økonomi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomi" title="Økonomi">Økonomi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Emner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikro%C3%B8konomi" title="Mikroøkonomi">Mikroøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makro%C3%B8konomi" title="Makroøkonomi">Makroøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhvervs%C3%B8konomi" title="Erhvervsøkonomi">Erhvervsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finansiel_%C3%B8konomi" title="Finansiel økonomi">Finansiel økonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbejdsmarkeds%C3%B8konomi" title="Arbejdsmarkedsøkonomi">Arbejdsmarkedsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_%C3%B8konomi" title="International økonomi">International økonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velf%C3%A6rds%C3%B8konomi" title="Velfærdsøkonomi">Velfærdsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Politisk økonomi">Politisk økonomi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Industriøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klima%C3%B8konomi" title="Klimaøkonomi">Klimaøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B8%C3%B8konomi" title="Miljøøkonomi">Miljøøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurse%C3%B8konomi" title="Resurseøkonomi">Resurseøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adf%C3%A6rds%C3%B8konomi" title="Adfærdsøkonomi">Adfærdsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rets%C3%B8konomi" title="Retsøkonomi">Retsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afs%C3%A6tning" title="Afsætning">Afsætning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnskab" title="Regnskab">Regnskab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offentlig_%C3%B8konomi" title="Offentlig økonomi">Offentlig økonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uddannelses%C3%B8konomi" title="Uddannelsesøkonomi">Uddannelsesøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udviklings%C3%B8konomi" title="Udviklingsøkonomi">Udviklingsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundheds%C3%B8konomi" title="Sundhedsøkonomi">Sundhedsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_historie" title="Økonomisk historie">Økonomisk historie</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Supply-demand-right-shift-demand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Supply-demand-right-shift-demand.svg/220px-Supply-demand-right-shift-demand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Supply-demand-right-shift-demand.svg/330px-Supply-demand-right-shift-demand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Supply-demand-right-shift-demand.svg/440px-Supply-demand-right-shift-demand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Metoder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_model" title="Økonomisk model">Økonomiske modeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik">Matematik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistik" title="Statistik">Statistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konometri" title="Økonometri">Økonometri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilteori" title="Spilteori">Spilteori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksperiment" title="Eksperiment">Eksperimenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalregnskab" title="Nationalregnskab">Nationalregnskab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operationsanalyse" title="Operationsanalyse">Operationsanalyse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Problemstillinger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konjunktur" title="Konjunktur">Konjunktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbejdsl%C3%B8shed" title="Arbejdsløshed">Arbejdsløshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_v%C3%A6kst" title="Økonomisk vækst">Vækst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficiens" title="Efficiens">Efficiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markedsfejl" title="Markedsfejl">Markedsfejl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indkomstfordeling" title="Indkomstfordeling">Indkomstfordeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">Inflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflation" title="Deflation">Deflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">Stagflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likviditetsf%C3%A6lde" title="Likviditetsfælde">Likviditetsfælde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offentlig_g%C3%A6ld" title="Offentlig gæld">Offentlig gæld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offentlig_saldo" title="Offentlig saldo">Offentlig saldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finanspolitik" title="Finanspolitik">Finanspolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finanspolitisk_holdbarhed" title="Finanspolitisk holdbarhed">Finanspolitisk holdbarhed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penge" title="Penge">Penge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengem%C3%A6ngde" title="Pengemængde">Pengemængde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengeskabelse" title="Pengeskabelse">Pengeskabelse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengepolitik" title="Pengepolitik">Pengepolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkurrenceevne" title="Konkurrenceevne">Konkurrenceevne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betalingsbalance" title="Betalingsbalance">Betalingsbalance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skat" title="Skat">Skat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finanskrise" title="Finanskrise">Finanskriser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valutapolitik" title="Valutapolitik">Valutapolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_politik" title="Økonomisk politik">Økonomisk politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_ulighed" title="Økonomisk ulighed">Økonomisk ulighed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Specifikke modeller</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keynesianske_kryds" title="Keynesianske kryds">Keynesianske kryds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-LM-modellen" title="IS-LM-modellen">IS-LM-modellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD-AS-modellen" title="AD-AS-modellen">AD-AS-modellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvantitetsteorien" title="Kvantitetsteorien">Kvantitetsteorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillipskurven" title="Phillipskurven">Phillipskurven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_Danish_Aggregate_Model" title="Annual Danish Aggregate Model">ADAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DREAM" title="DREAM">DREAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEIMDAL" title="HEIMDAL">HEIMDAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAKRO_(%C3%B8konomisk_model)" title="MAKRO (økonomisk model)">MAKRO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Teorihistorie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik">Skolastik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkantilisme" title="Merkantilisme">Merkantilisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fysiokrater" title="Fysiokrater">Fysiokrater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klassisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Klassisk økonomi">Klassisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoklassisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Neoklassisk økonomi">Neoklassisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesianisme" title="Keynesianisme">Keynesiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitalkontroversen" title="Kapitalkontroversen">Kapitalkontroversen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarisme" title="Monetarisme">Monetaristisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyklassisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Nyklassisk økonomi">Nyklassisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nykeynesiansk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Nykeynesiansk økonomi">Nykeynesiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream-%C3%B8konomi" title="Mainstream-økonomi">Mainstream</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Heterodoks_%C3%B8konomi" title="Heterodoks økonomi">Heterodoks økonomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konofysik" title="Økonofysik">Fysisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgisme" title="Georgisme">Georgistisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxistisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Marxistisk økonomi">Marxistisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-keynesiansk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Post-keynesiansk økonomi">Post-keynesiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98kologisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Økologisk økonomi">Økologisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_%C3%B8strigske_skole" title="Den østrigske skole">Østrigsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Lister</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JEL-klassificering" title="JEL-klassificering">JEL-klassificering af økonomiske emner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Riksbanks_pris_i_%C3%B8konomi" title="Sveriges Riksbanks pris i økonomi">Nobelprisvindere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark-medaljen" title="John Bates Clark-medaljen">John Bates Clark-medaljen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Andre emner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenomics" title="Abenomics">Abenomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvantitativ_lempelse" title="Kvantitativ lempelse">Kvantitativ lempelse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elasticitet_(%C3%B8konomi)" title="Elasticitet (økonomi)">Elasticiteter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;"><div>Relaterede kategorier: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:%C3%98konomi" title="Kategori:Økonomi">Økonomi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" 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