CINXE.COM
Organización industrial - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="es" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Organización industrial - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )eswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","enero","febrero","marzo","abril","mayo","junio","julio","agosto","septiembre","octubre","noviembre","diciembre"],"wgRequestId":"a3aa035f-be86-4edb-89f1-68c30ba9c94d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Organización_industrial","wgTitle":"Organización industrial","wgCurRevisionId":161556611,"wgRevisionId":161556611,"wgArticleId":347723,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNF","Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND","Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN","Wikipedia:Páginas con enlaces mágicos de ISBN","Organización industrial","Mercados","Producción","Organización de empresas","Historia económica"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"es","wgPageContentLanguage":"es","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Organización_industrial", "wgRelevantArticleId":347723,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"es","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"es"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1411783","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.imagenesinfobox":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.a-commons-directo","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap", "ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=ext.gadget.imagenesinfobox&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=noscript&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"></noscript> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Organización industrial - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Editar" href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (es)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//es.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.es"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Canal Atom de Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:CambiosRecientes&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Organización_industrial rootpage-Organización_industrial skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Ir al contenido</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegación </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portada" title="Visitar la página principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Comunidad" title="Acerca del proyecto, lo que puedes hacer, dónde encontrar información"><span>Portal de la comunidad</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Actualidad" title="Encuentra información de contexto sobre acontecimientos actuales"><span>Actualidad</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosRecientes" title="Lista de cambios recientes en la wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Cambios recientes</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasNuevas"><span>Páginas nuevas</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Aleatoria" title="Cargar una página al azar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Página aleatoria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ayuda:Contenidos" title="El lugar para aprender"><span>Ayuda</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Informes_de_error"><span>Notificar un error</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="La enciclopedia libre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-es.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Buscar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Buscar en este wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Buscar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Buscar en Wikipedia" aria-label="Buscar en Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Buscar en este wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Buscar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Buscar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Herramientas personales"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apariencia" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apariencia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_es.wikipedia.org&uselang=es" class=""><span>Donaciones</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_una_cuenta&returnto=Organizaci%C3%B3n+industrial" title="Te recomendamos crear una cuenta e iniciar sesión; sin embargo, no es obligatorio" class=""><span>Crear una cuenta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Organizaci%C3%B3n+industrial" title="Te recomendamos iniciar sesión, aunque no es obligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Acceder</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Más opciones" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Herramientas personales" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Herramientas personales</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú de usuario" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_es.wikipedia.org&uselang=es"><span>Donaciones</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_una_cuenta&returnto=Organizaci%C3%B3n+industrial" title="Te recomendamos crear una cuenta e iniciar sesión; sin embargo, no es obligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear una cuenta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Organizaci%C3%B3n+industrial" title="Te recomendamos iniciar sesión, aunque no es obligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Acceder</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páginas para editores desconectados <a href="/wiki/Ayuda:Introducci%C3%B3n" aria-label="Obtenga más información sobre editar"><span>más información</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:MisContribuciones" title="Una lista de modificaciones hechas desde esta dirección IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribuciones</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:MiDiscusi%C3%B3n" title="Discusión sobre ediciones hechas desde esta dirección IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discusión</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contenidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contenidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Estructuras_de_mercado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estructuras_de_mercado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Estructuras de mercado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estructuras_de_mercado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Áreas_de_estudio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Áreas_de_estudio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Áreas de estudio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Áreas_de_estudio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia_de_la_organización_industrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_de_la_organización_industrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia de la organización industrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia_de_la_organización_industrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véase_también" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véase_también"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Véase también</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Véase_también-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revistas_internacionales_de_Organización_Industrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revistas_internacionales_de_Organización_Industrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Revistas internacionales de Organización Industrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revistas_internacionales_de_Organización_Industrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Organización industrial</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 26 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المنظمات الصناعية (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المنظمات الصناعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99nayenin_t%C9%99%C5%9Fkili" title="Sənayenin təşkili (azerbaiyano)" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sənayenin təşkili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaiyano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индустриална организация (búlgaro)" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индустриална организация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri%C3%B8konomi" title="Industriøkonomi (danés)" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Industriøkonomi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrie%C3%B6konomik" title="Industrieökonomik (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Industrieökonomik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Βιομηχανική Οργάνωση (griego)" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιομηχανική Οργάνωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_organization" title="Industrial organization (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Industrial organization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industria-antolamendu" title="Industria-antolamendu (euskera)" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Industria-antolamendu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سازمان صنعتی (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان صنعتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toimialan_taloustiede" title="Toimialan taloustiede (finés)" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toimialan taloustiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_industrielle" title="Organisation industrielle (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation industrielle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="औद्योगिक संगठन (hindi)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="औद्योगिक संगठन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_industriale" title="Economia industriale (italiano)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Economia industriale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E8%AB%96" title="産業組織論 (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="産業組織論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81%EB%A1%A0" title="산업조직론 (coreano)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산업조직론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_perindustrian" title="Organisasi perindustrian (malayo)" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Organisasi perindustrian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri%C3%ABle_organisatie" title="Industriële organisatie (neerlandés)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Industriële organisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rings%C3%B8konomi" title="Næringsøkonomi (noruego bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Næringsøkonomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_industrial" title="Organização industrial (portugués)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organização industrial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Теория организации отрасли (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теория организации отрасли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="කාර්මික සංවිධානය (cingalés)" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාර්මික සංවිධානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Индустријски менаџмент (serbio)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индустријски менаџмент" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="เศรษฐศาสตร์อุตสาหกรรม (tailandés)" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เศรษฐศาสตร์อุตสาหกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Теорія галузевих ринків (ucraniano)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теорія галузевих ринків" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_thuy%E1%BA%BFt_t%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_ng%C3%A0nh" title="Lý thuyết tổ chức ngành (vietnamita)" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lý thuyết tổ chức ngành" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="产业组织理论 (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="产业组织理论" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1411783#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar enlaces interlingüísticos" class="wbc-editpage">Editar enlaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nombres"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial" title="Ver la página de contenido [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artículo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discusi%C3%B3n:Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial" rel="discussion" title="Discusión acerca de la página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discusión</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">español</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=history" title="Versiones anteriores de esta página [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Herramientas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Herramientas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Herramientas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Más opciones" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acciones </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=history"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:LoQueEnlazaAqu%C3%AD/Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial" title="Lista de todas las páginas de la wiki que enlazan aquí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lo que enlaza aquí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes en las páginas que enlazan con esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios en enlazadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=es" title="Subir archivos [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Subir archivo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Lista de todas las páginas especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&oldid=161556611" title="Enlace permanente a esta versión de la página"><span>Enlace permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=info" title="Más información sobre esta página"><span>Información de la página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&id=161556611&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre cómo citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Acortador_de_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrganizaci%25C3%25B3n_industrial"><span>Obtener URL acortado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrganizaci%25C3%25B3n_industrial"><span>Descargar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Organizaci%C3%B3n+industrial"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&printable=yes" title="Versión imprimible de esta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En otros proyectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Industrial_organization" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1411783" title="Enlace al elemento conectado del repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>organización industrial</b> es un campo o área de conocimiento de teoría de la <a href="/wiki/Empresa" title="Empresa">empresa</a> que trata los <a href="/wiki/Medios_de_producci%C3%B3n" title="Medios de producción">medios de producción</a> y la relación y los límites entre las estructuras de las <a href="/wiki/Empresas" class="mw-redirect" title="Empresas">empresas</a> y de los <a href="/wiki/Mercados" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercados">mercados</a>, por lo tanto, es muy importante la <a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa" title="Economía">economía</a> y <a href="/wiki/Producci%C3%B3n_(econom%C3%ADa)" title="Producción (economía)">producción</a>. Trata asuntos como la <a href="/wiki/Competencia_perfecta" title="Competencia perfecta">competencia perfecta</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Coste_de_transacci%C3%B3n" title="Coste de transacción">coste de transacción</a>, y acciones gubernamentales o reguladoras. </p><p>Es importante hacer una referencia a las formulaciones teóricas elaboradas alrededor de la llamada Teoría de la Organización industrial. Fue Bain (1968) quien sistematizó los aportes realizados por numerosos autores y estableció el paradigma conocido como: "Estructura-Conducta-Resultados" como el elemento básico de análisis y evaluación de los mercados y para investigar las relaciones entre la estructura industrial y los resultados obtenidos por el subsector correspondiente.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>​ <a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_la_informaci%C3%B3n" title="Economía de la información">economía de la información</a>, las <a href="/wiki/Barrera_de_entrada" title="Barrera de entrada">barreras de entrada</a> de nuevas empresas en una situación de <a href="/wiki/Competencia_imperfecta" title="Competencia imperfecta">competencia imperfecta</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>​ y <a href="/wiki/Monopolio" title="Monopolio">monopolio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>​ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estructuras_de_mercado">Estructuras de mercado</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Estructuras de mercado"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estructura_de_mercado" title="Estructura de mercado">Estructura de mercado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competencia_perfecta" title="Competencia perfecta">Competencia perfecta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competencia_monopol%C3%ADstica" title="Competencia monopolística">Competencia monopolística</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duopolio" title="Duopolio">Duopolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligopolio" title="Oligopolio">Oligopolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligopsonio" title="Oligopsonio">Oligopsonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopolio" title="Monopolio">Monopolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopsonio" title="Monopsonio">Monopsonio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Áreas_de_estudio"><span id=".C3.81reas_de_estudio"></span>Áreas de estudio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Áreas de estudio"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discriminaci%C3%B3n_de_precios" title="Discriminación de precios">Discriminación de precios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diferenciaci%C3%B3n_de_producto" title="Diferenciación de producto">Diferenciación de producto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bien_duradero" title="Bien duradero">Bien duradero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_secundario" title="Mercado secundario">Mercado secundario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colusi%C3%B3n" title="Colusión">Colusión</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia_de_la_organización_industrial"><span id="Historia_de_la_organizaci.C3.B3n_industrial"></span>Historia de la organización industrial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Historia de la organización industrial"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En el libro de 2009 <i>Pioneers of Industrial Organization</i> se muestra el desarrollo del campo de la organización industrial desde <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> a los tiempos recientes incluyendo numerosas biografías de las figuras más relevantes en Europa y Estados Unidos que han contribuido al crecimiento y desarrollo de la disciplina.<sup id="cite_ref-“bazar1_4-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-“bazar1-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>​ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competencia_de_Bertrand" title="Competencia de Bertrand">Competencia de Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modelo_de_Bertrand-Edgeworth" title="Modelo de Bertrand-Edgeworth">Modelo de Bertrand-Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competencia_perfecta" title="Competencia perfecta">Competencia perfecta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competencia_imperfecta" title="Competencia imperfecta">Competencia imperfecta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competencia_de_Cournot" title="Competencia de Cournot">Competencia de Cournot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_manufacturing" title="Lean manufacturing">Lean manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modelo_Input-Output" class="mw-redirect" title="Modelo Input-Output">Modelo Input-Output</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monozukuri" title="Monozukuri">Monozukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorismo" title="Taylorismo">Taylorismo</a> - <a href="/wiki/Fordismo" title="Fordismo">Fordismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorismo_digital" title="Taylorismo digital">Taylorismo digital</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_H._Coase" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald H. Coase">R. H. Coase</a>, 1937. "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nature_of_the_Firm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Nature of the Firm (aún no redactado)">The Nature of the Firm</a>," <i>Economica</i>, N.S., 4(16), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113105151/http://www.sonoma.edu/users/e/eyler/426/coase1.pdf">386–405</a>.<br /> • _____, 1988. "The Nature of the Firm: Influence," <i>Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization</i>, 4(1), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/765013">33</a>-47. Reprinted in <i>The Nature of the Firm: Origins, Evolution, and Development</i>, 1993, O. E. Williamson and S, G. Winter, ed., pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=VXIDgGjLHVgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA61&ots=RFe6lqpPv0&sig=7C6VuEwnEcuBa-E5HS8yWJ0LC_I#v=onepage&q&f=false">61-74</a>.<br /> • _____, 1991. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1991/coase-lecture.html">The Institutional Structure of Production</a>," Nobel Lecture, reprinted in 1992, <i>American Economic Review</i>, 82(4), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/2117340">713</a>-719.<br /> • <a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a>, 1981. "The Economics of Organization: The Transaction Cost Approach," <i>American Journal of Sociology</i>, 87(3), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228143601/http://glenn.osu.edu/faculty/brown/home/Org%20Theory/Readings/Williamson1981.pdf">548-577</a>.<br /> • _____, 2009. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2009/williamson_lecture.pdf">Transaction Cost Economics: The Natural Progression</a>," Nobel Lecture. Reprinted in 2010, <i>American Economic Review</i>, 100(3), pp. 673–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">George J. Stigler, [1987] 2008. "competition," <i>The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics</i>, 2nd Edition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_C000261&edition=">Abstract.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Zingales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Zingales (aún no redactado)">Luigi Zingales</a>, 2008. "corporate governance," <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Palgrave_Dictionary_of_Economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (aún no redactado)">The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics</a></i>, 2nd Edition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_C000370&edition=current&q=governance%20&topicid=&result_number=1">Abstract.</a><br /> • Oliver E. Williamson, 2002. "The Theory of the Firm as Governance Structure: From Choice to Contract," <i>Journal of Economic Perspectives</i>, 16(3), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/089533002760278776">171-195.</a><br /> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_M._Scherer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic M. Scherer (aún no redactado)">Frederic M. Scherer</a> and David Ross, 1990. <i>Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance</i>, 3rd ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1496716">Description</a> and 1st ed. review <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/3003013">extract</a>.<br />  • Dennis W. Carlton and Jeffery M. Perloff, 2004. <i>Modern Industrial Organization</i>, 4th edition, pp. 2-3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavoisier.fr/notice/frSWORK23A3RW32O.html">Description.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-“bazar1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-“bazar1_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry W. de Jong and William G. Shepherd, ed., 2007. <i>Pioneers of Industrial Organization.</i> Cheltenham, UK: Elgar. Description and content <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807190244/http://www.e-elgar.com/Bookentry_DESCRIPTION.lasso?id=3125">links</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=TpfrPPOFWUIC&printsec=find&pg=PA3=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false">preview</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paul Belleflamme and Martin Peitz, 2010. <i>Industrial Organization: Markets and Strategies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item2714286/?site_locale=en_GB">Summary</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item2714286/?site_locale=en_GB&display=genresources">Resources</a></li> <li>Cabral, Luís M. B., 2000. <i>Introduction to Industrial Organization</i>. <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. Links to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511112407/http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=3333">Description</a> and chapter-preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1diOmC8t0fgC&printsec=find&pg=PR5=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false">links.</a></li> <li>Shepherd, William, 1985. <i>The Economics of Industrial Organization</i>, Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0132314819" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-13-231481-9</a></li> <li>Shy, Oz, 1995. <i>Industrial Organization: Theory and Applications</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227163628/http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=4262">Description</a> and chapter-preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=tr4CjJ5LlRcC&printsec=find&pg=PR7=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false">links.</a> MIT Press.</li> <li>Vives, Xavier, 2001. <i>Oligopoly Pricing: Old Ideas and New Tools</i>. MIT Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016152749/http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=8556">Description</a> and scroll to chapter-preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books/mitpress?id=le-OE5HMLY8C&printsec=frontcover&cd=1&source=gbs_ViewAPI#v=onepage&q&f=false">links.</a></li> <li>Jeffrey Church & Roger Ware, 2005. "Industrial Organization: A Strategic Approach," (aka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.ucalgary.ca/~jrchurch/page4/page4.html">IOSA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161208233721/http://homepages.ucalgary.ca/~jrchurch/page4/page4.html">Archivado</a> el 8 de diciembre de 2016 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.)”, Free Textbook</li> <li>Nicolas Boccard, 2010. "Industrial Organization, a Contract Based approach (aka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150801174648/http://iocb.info/">IOCB</a>)”, Open Source Textbook</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revistas_internacionales_de_Organización_Industrial"><span id="Revistas_internacionales_de_Organizaci.C3.B3n_Industrial"></span>Revistas internacionales de Organización Industrial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar sección: Revistas internacionales de Organización Industrial"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/aboutThisJournal?journalCode=cijb20"><i>International Journal of the Economics of Business</i></a> and issue preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cijb20">links</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505551/description#description"><i>International Journal of Industrial Organization</i></a> and issue-preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01677187">links</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0022-1821"><i>Journal of Industrial Economics</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090710083755/http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0022-1821">Archivado</a> el 10 de julio de 2009 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., and issue-preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-6451/issues">links.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jleo.oxfordjournals.org/"><i>Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization</i></a> and issue-preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jleo.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year">links.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springer.com/economics/industrial+organization/journal/11151"><i>Review of Industrial Organization</i></a> and issue-preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121005000807/http://www.springerlink.com/content/0889-938x/">links.</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Control_de_autoridades" title="Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyectos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1411783">Q1411783</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Industrial_organization">Industrial organization</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q1411783%22">Q1411783</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Francia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Francia">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12010691f">12010691f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12010691f">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133311-1">4133311-1</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85065909">sh85065909</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Checa">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph137376">ph137376</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Israel" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel">NLI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548200105171">987007548200105171</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10637580">10637580</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1411783">Q1411783</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Industrial_organization">Industrial organization</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q1411783%22">Q1411783</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐b8f6bd878‐ddv42 Cached time: 20241106142502 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.201 seconds Real time usage: 0.245 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 275/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7658/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 192/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7708/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.146/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3085535/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 8/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 204.725 1 -total 94.80% 194.080 1 Plantilla:Control_de_autoridades 3.36% 6.888 1 Plantilla:Listaref 1.61% 3.287 2 Plantilla:Wayback --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key eswiki:pcache:idhash:347723-0!canonical and timestamp 20241106142502 and revision id 161556611. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtenido de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organización_industrial&oldid=161556611">https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organización_industrial&oldid=161556611</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categorías</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial" title="Categoría:Organización industrial">Organización industrial</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Mercados" title="Categoría:Mercados">Mercados</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Producci%C3%B3n" title="Categoría:Producción">Producción</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Organizaci%C3%B3n_de_empresas" title="Categoría:Organización de empresas">Organización de empresas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Historia_econ%C3%B3mica" title="Categoría:Historia económica">Historia económica</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorías ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_identificadores_BNF" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNF">Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_identificadores_GND" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND">Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_identificadores_LCCN" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN">Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:P%C3%A1ginas_con_enlaces_m%C3%A1gicos_de_ISBN" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Páginas con enlaces mágicos de ISBN">Wikipedia:Páginas con enlaces mágicos de ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página se editó por última vez el 28 jul 2024 a las 10:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El texto está disponible bajo la <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Texto_de_la_Licencia_Creative_Commons_Atribuci%C3%B3n-CompartirIgual_4.0_Internacional" title="Wikipedia:Texto de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional">Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0</a>; pueden aplicarse cláusulas adicionales. Al usar este sitio aceptas nuestros <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/es">términos de uso</a> y nuestra <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Privacy_policy/es">política de privacidad</a>.<br />Wikipedia® es una marca registrada de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/es/">Fundación Wikimedia</a>, una organización sin ánimo de lucro.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/es">Política de privacidad</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Acerca_de">Acerca de Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Limitaci%C3%B3n_general_de_responsabilidad">Limitación de responsabilidad</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Código de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desarrolladores</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/es.wikipedia.org">Estadísticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement/es">Declaración de cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//es.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versión para móviles</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-klhmh","wgBackendResponseTime":149,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.201","walltime":"0.245","ppvisitednodes":{"value":275,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":7658,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":192,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":6,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":7708,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":8,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 204.725 1 -total"," 94.80% 194.080 1 Plantilla:Control_de_autoridades"," 3.36% 6.888 1 Plantilla:Listaref"," 1.61% 3.287 2 Plantilla:Wayback"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.146","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3085535,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b8f6bd878-ddv42","timestamp":"20241106142502","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Organizaci\u00f3n industrial","url":"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organizaci%C3%B3n_industrial","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1411783","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1411783","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Colaboradores de los proyectos Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-04-10T09:07:47Z","dateModified":"2024-07-28T10:43:01Z"}</script> </body> </html>