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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Followers_of_Jesus" title="Category:Followers of Jesus">a series</a> of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">John in the Bible</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""St John the Evangelist" by Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri), 1620s"><img alt=""St John the Evangelist" by Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri), 1620s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/180px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/270px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/360px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4569" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Evangelist_(Domenichino)" title="Saint John the Evangelist (Domenichino)">Saint John the Evangelist</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Domenichino" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Beloved disciple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Presbyter" title="John the Presbyter">Presbyter</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Related literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_John" title="Acts of John">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_John_in_Rome" title="Acts of John in Rome">Acts in Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signs_Gospel" title="Signs Gospel">Signs Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Johannine_literature" title="Holy Spirit in Johannine literature">Holy Spirit in Johannine literature</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John's vision of the Son of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_John" title="New Testament people named John">New Testament people named John</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John" title="Template:John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John" title="Template talk:John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BambergApocalypseFolio003rAngelWith7Candlesticks.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BambergApocalypseFolio003rAngelWith7Candlesticks.JPG/260px-BambergApocalypseFolio003rAngelWith7Candlesticks.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BambergApocalypseFolio003rAngelWith7Candlesticks.JPG/390px-BambergApocalypseFolio003rAngelWith7Candlesticks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BambergApocalypseFolio003rAngelWith7Candlesticks.JPG/520px-BambergApocalypseFolio003rAngelWith7Candlesticks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1187" /></a><figcaption>Illustration from the <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Apocalypse" title="Bamberg Apocalypse">Bamberg Apocalypse</a> of the Son of Man among the seven lampstands</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_236.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_236.png/310px-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_236.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_236.png/465px-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_236.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_236.png/620px-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_236.png 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption><i>The Vision of John on Patmos</i> by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld" title="Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld">Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld</a> (1860)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>John's vision of the Son of Man</b>, also known as <b>John’s Vision of Christ</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">vision</a> described in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revelation_1" title="Revelation 1">Revelation 1</a>:9–20) in which the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation#Title,_authorship,_and_date" title="Book of Revelation">author</a>, identified as <a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">John</a>, sees a person he describes as one "like the Son of Man" (<a href="/wiki/Revelation_1:13" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 1:13">verse 13</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Son of Man">Son of Man</a> is portrayed in this vision as having a robe with a golden sash, the hair on his head was white like wool, as white as snow, and his eyes were like blazing fire. His feet were like bronze glowing in a furnace, and his voice was like the sound of rushing waters. He holds seven stars in his right hand and has a double-edged sword coming out of his mouth. The vision is interpreted by Christians as the only identifiable physical <a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">description of Jesus</a> in any form in the <a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Account">Account</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Account"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">John of Patmos</a>, the author of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>, wrote how on the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a> he was "in the Spirit", and heard a loud voice "like a trumpet" (<a href="/wiki/Revelation_1:10" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 1:10">Revelation 1:10</a>). When he turned around, he saw this <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Son of Man">Son of Man</a> figure. In <a href="/wiki/Revelation_1:18" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 1:18">Revelation 1:18</a>, the figure identifies himself as "the First and the Last", who "was dead, and behold I am alive for ever and ever", a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of Jesus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connection_with_the_rest_of_the_book">Connection with the rest of the book</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Connection with the rest of the book"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the language used in <a href="/wiki/Revelation_1" title="Revelation 1">Revelation 1</a> is also used in <a href="/wiki/Revelation_19" title="Revelation 19">Revelation 19</a> to describe the <a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse#As_righteous" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Rider on the White Horse</a>. In both places, he has a sword coming out of his mouth (<a href="/wiki/Revelation_1:16" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 1:16">1:16</a> and 19:15) and has "eyes like blazing fire" (<a href="/wiki/Revelation_1:14" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 1:14">1:14</a> and 19:12). The sword proceeding from Jesus’ mouth describes the counterintuitive way God's messiah conquers: by the word of God.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Son of Man is portrayed as walking (<a href="/wiki/Revelation_2:1" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 2:1">2:1</a>) among seven lampstands, which represent the <a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">seven churches of Asia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revelation_1:20" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 1:20">1:20</a>). In <a href="/wiki/Revelation_1:11" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 1:11">Revelation 1:11</a>, he says, "Write on a scroll what you see and send it to the seven churches". <a href="/wiki/Revelation_2" title="Revelation 2">Chapters 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revelation_3" title="Revelation 3">3</a> report the content of the letters written to the angels of the seven churches. Throughout the letters he is identified in terms of the vision, such as "him who has the sharp, double-edged sword" (<a href="/wiki/Revelation_2:12" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 2:12">Revelation 2:12</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connection_with_the_Book_of_Daniel">Connection with the Book of Daniel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Connection with the Book of Daniel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Revelation_1" title="Revelation 1">Revelation 1</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Daniel_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 10">Daniel 10</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1:13 one like a son of man, wearing an ankle-length robe, with a gold sash around his chest </td> <td>10:5 a man dressed in linen with a belt of fine gold around his waist </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:14 his eyes were like a fiery flame </td> <td>10:6 his eyes were like fiery torches </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:15 His feet were like polished brass refined in a furnace </td> <td>10:6 his arms and feet looked like burnished bronze </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:15 his voice was like the sound of rushing water </td> <td>10:6 the sound of his voice was like the roar of a multitude </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:16 his face shone like the sun at its brightest </td> <td>10:6 his face shone like lightning </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There is a striking resemblance between John's and Daniel's visions of a son of man. In John's vision the Son of Man has white hair, a sword, and lampstands. In Daniel's vision the Son of Man has a body resembling <a href="/wiki/Tarshish" title="Tarshish">tarshish</a>, which Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> explains – quoting Tractate Hullin 9lb – as the man being as large as the Tarshish Sea in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rashi interprets Daniel's Son of Man to be the <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">archangel Gabriel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Jewish_mysticism" title="Jewish mysticism">Jewish mysticism</a>, the angels are the heavenly priests of God who serve in his heavenly temple in his <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavenly Jerusalem">heavenly Jerusalem</a>; hence Gabriel wearing priestly robe and sash.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus is similarly depicted because, according to the New Testament, he is the eternal high priest of mankind.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanation_and_interpretation">Explanation and interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Explanation and interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Element </th> <th>Biblical reference </th> <th>Suggested meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>Seven gold lampstands </td> <td>Zechariah 4:11, 14 "What are...the lampstand?...These are...the Lord of all the earth." </td> <td>The menorah used in the tabernacle and in the temple </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robe and golden sash </td> <td>Exodus 28:4 "These are the vestments they shall make:...a robe,...and a sash. In making these sacred vestments which your brother Aaron and his sons are to wear in serving as my priests." </td> <td>"Reminders of the official dress of the <a href="/wiki/Kohen_Gadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohen Gadol">High Priest</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Chilton_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chilton-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>White hair </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_1:18" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah 1:18">Isaiah 1:18</a> "Though your sins are like scarlet, they will be as white as snow; though they are as red as crimson, they will become like wool." </td> <td>Like that of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_of_Days" title="Ancient of Days">Ancient of Days</a> in <a href="/wiki/Daniel_7" title="Daniel 7">Daniel 7</a><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />"Wisdom and the dignity of age"<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eyes like blazing fire </td> <td>Psalm 139:12 "Even the darkness is not dark to You, but the night shines like the day, for darkness is as light to You." </td> <td>They "read every heart and penetrate every hidden corner"<sup id="cite_ref-Hendriksen_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hendriksen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feet like bronze </td> <td>Ezekiel 1:27 "...and from what looked like the waist down, I saw something like the appearance of fire and brilliant light surrounding him." </td> <td>Strength and stability<sup id="cite_ref-Mounce_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mounce-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Trampling enemies<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Voice like rushing waters </td> <td>Ezekiel 1:24 "Then I heard the sound of their wings, like the roaring of mighty waters, like the voice of the Almighty." </td> <td>"The awe-inspiring power of a great waterfall"<sup id="cite_ref-Mounce_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mounce-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Holding seven stars in his right hand </td> <td>Deuteronomy 1:10 "The LORD your God has multiplied you, so that today you are as numerous as the stars in the sky." </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chilton_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chilton-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Job 38:31 <br />Supreme political authority<sup id="cite_ref-Chilton_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chilton-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />"The right hand can be interpreted as a source of power and protection"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Astrological imagery: "The stars may be thought of as controlling human fate, but Jesus controls the stars"<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Double-edged sword coming out of his mouth </td> <td>Ephesians 6:17 "And take...the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God." </td> <td>"His Word that works to save and to destroy"<sup id="cite_ref-Chilton_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chilton-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Face like the sun </td> <td>Isaiah 60:19 "No longer shall the sun be your light by day,...Rather, the LORD will be your light forever." </td> <td>As at the <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gill_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Hendriksen" title="William Hendriksen">William Hendriksen</a> suggests that the whole of the vision "is symbolical of Christ, the Holy One, coming to purge His churches," and to "punish those who are persecuting His elect."<sup id="cite_ref-Hendriksen_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hendriksen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance_of_the_seven_stars">Significance of the seven stars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Significance of the seven stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John tells us in <a href="/wiki/Revelation_1:20" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 1:20">Revelation 1:20</a> that the seven stars are the angels of the seven churches (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+1:20&version=rsv">Revelation 1:20</a>) </p><p>In the New Testament, the Greek word for <a href="/wiki/Angel#Etymology" title="Angel">angels</a> (<i>aggelos</i>) is not only used for heavenly angels, but also used for human messengers, such as <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#11:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 11:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#1:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 1:2</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#7:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 7:27</a>). <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Unger" title="Merrill Unger">Merrill Unger</a> is of the opinion that human messengers is the meaning of the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In commenting on this verse, <a href="/wiki/C.I._Scofield" class="mw-redirect" title="C.I. Scofield">C. I. Scofield</a> states: "The natural explanation of the "messengers" [angels] is that they were men sent by the seven churches to ascertain the state of the aged apostle ... but they figure any who bear God's messages to a church."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several New Testament scholars believe that the angels are not human messengers. Isbon Beckwith says they represent the churches "ideal conception of its immanent spirit".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry Barclay Swete refers to the angels as the "prevailing spirit" of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domitian_denarius_son_reverse.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Domitian_denarius_son_reverse.PNG/220px-Domitian_denarius_son_reverse.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Domitian_denarius_son_reverse.PNG/330px-Domitian_denarius_son_reverse.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Domitian_denarius_son_reverse.PNG 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">Reverse</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarius</a> of Domitian, depicting his son with seven stars</figcaption></figure> <p>One aspect of the vision is the portrayal of Jesus holding seven stars in his right hand. Such a motif is also found on coins of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a>. Sometime between 77 and 81, Domitian's infant son died.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was subsequently <a href="/wiki/Apotheosis" title="Apotheosis">deified</a>, and is portrayed on coins of Domitian, with seven stars. Ernest Janzen argues that the globe on which the infant stands represents world dominion and power, while the stars indicate his divine nature; he is depicted as "the son of (a) god" and "conqueror of the world."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Domitian's son cannot be said to be holding the stars, some scholars have drawn parallels between the <a href="/wiki/Numismatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Numismatic">numismatic</a> and biblical evidences. Frederick Murphy notes that "Revelation's image of Jesus with seven stars in his hand may be an allusion to that coin and an implicit critique of it. It is not the Roman imperial family that has cosmic significance, but Jesus."<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Austin_Farrer" title="Austin Farrer">Austin Farrer</a>, on the other hand, takes them to be the seven <a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">classical planets</a>, and interprets the vision as representing Christ's lordship over time.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Revelation" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronology of Revelation">Chronology of Revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_appearances_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection appearances of Jesus">Resurrection appearances of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_man_(Christianity)" title="Son of man (Christianity)">Son of man (Christianity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_man_(Judaism)" title="Son of man (Judaism)">Son of man (Judaism)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David L. Barr, “Apocalypse as Symbolic Transformation for the World,” <i>Interpretation</i>, 38 (1953), 39–50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16493/jewish/Chapter-10.htm#showrashi=true">Chabad Tanakh: Rashi's Commentary on Daniel 10:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16494/jewish/Chapter-11.htm">Chabad Tanakh: Rashi's Commentary on Daniel 11:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1521-angelology">"ANGELOLOGY – JewishEncyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>www.jewishencyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishencyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=ANGELOLOGY+%E2%80%93+JewishEncyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F1521-angelology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn%27s+vision+of+the+Son+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.usccb.org/bible/hebrews/5">"Hebrews, CHAPTER 5 | USCCB"</a>. <i>bible.usccb.org</i>. Chapter 5:1–10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bible.usccb.org&rft.atitle=Hebrews%2C+CHAPTER+5+%7C+USCCB&rft.pages=Chapter+5%3A1-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbible.usccb.org%2Fbible%2Fhebrews%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn%27s+vision+of+the+Son+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chilton-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chilton_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chilton_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chilton_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chilton_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Chilton" title="David Chilton">David Chilton</a>, <i>The Days of Vengeance: An Exposition of the Book of Revelation</i> (Dominion Press, 1987), pp. 73–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Morris" title="Leon Morris">Leon Morris</a>, <i>The Revelation of St. John</i> (Tyndale, 1969), p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hendriksen-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hendriksen_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hendriksen_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Hendriksen" title="William Hendriksen">William Hendriksen</a>, <i>More Than Conquerors: An Interpretation of the Book of Revelation</i> (Tyndale Press, 1962), p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mounce-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mounce_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mounce_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Mounce" title="Robert H. Mounce">Robert H. Mounce</a>, <i>The Book of Revelation</i> (Eerdmans, 1977), p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(theologian)" title="John Gill (theologian)">John Gill</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gill.biblecommenter.com/revelation/1.htm">Exposition of the Entire Bible</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208122739/http://gill.biblecommenter.com/revelation/1.htm">Archived</a> 2013-02-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Simon_J._Kistemaker" title="Simon J. Kistemaker">Simon J. Kistemaker</a>, <i>Exposition of the Book of Revelation</i> (Baker, 2002), p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy1998" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Frederick J. (1998-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uZvGwtOaYNUC&dq=%22seven+stars%22+revelation+coin+domitian&pg=PA91"><i>Fallen Is Babylon: The Revelation to John</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56338-152-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56338-152-2"><bdi>978-1-56338-152-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fallen+Is+Babylon%3A+The+Revelation+to+John&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-56338-152-2&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Frederick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuZvGwtOaYNUC%26dq%3D%2522seven%2Bstars%2522%2Brevelation%2Bcoin%2Bdomitian%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn%27s+vision+of+the+Son+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unger, M., <i>Unger's Bible Dictionary</i>, (Chicago, Illinois: Moody Press, 1975) p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scofield, W. I., <i>The Scofield Study Bible</i> (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996) p. 1331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isbon T. Beckwith, <i>The Apocalypse of John</i> (NY: MacMillan Company, 1919; reprinted Wipf and Stock), p. 446, emphasis Beckwith’s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Barclay Swete, <i>Commentary on Revelation: The Greek Text</i> (1906, reprint Grand Rapids, Michigan: Kregel Publications, 1977), p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian W. Jones, <i>The Emperor Domitian</i> (Routledge, 1993), p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest P. Janzen, "The Jesus of the Apocalypse Wears the Emperor's Clothes," <i><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Biblical_Literature" title="Society of Biblical Literature">SBL</a> Seminar Papers</i> 130 (1994): 645–647.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Farrer" title="Austin Farrer">Austin Farrer</a>, "Inspiration, Poetical and Divine," in <i>Interpretation and Belief</i>, p. 47.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Revelation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Revelation" title="Template:Book of Revelation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Revelation" title="Template talk:Book of Revelation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Revelation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Revelation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Revelation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_1" title="Revelation 1">Revelation 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_2" title="Revelation 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_3" title="Revelation 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_4" title="Revelation 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_5" title="Revelation 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_6" title="Revelation 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_7" title="Revelation 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_8" title="Revelation 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_9" title="Revelation 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_10" title="Revelation 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_11" title="Revelation 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_12" title="Revelation 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_13" title="Revelation 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_14" title="Revelation 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_15" title="Revelation 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_16" title="Revelation 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_17" title="Revelation 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_18" title="Revelation 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_19" title="Revelation 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_20" title="Revelation 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_21" title="Revelation 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_22" title="Revelation 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patmos" title="Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyatira" title="Thyatira">Thyatira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asher" title="Asher">Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balak" title="Balak">Balak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Gad (son of Jacob)">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issachar" title="Issachar">Issachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_(biblical_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah (biblical person)">Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi" title="Levi">Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_(tribal_patriarch)" title="Manasseh (tribal patriarch)">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphtali" title="Naphtali">Naphtali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_(biblical_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuben (biblical person)">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Hebrew_Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon (Hebrew Bible)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebulun" title="Zebulun">Zebulun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a>/<br />Terms/ Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon/Apollyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_Omega" title="Alpha and Omega">Alpha and Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Life" title="Book of Life">Book of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramorph" title="Tetramorph">Four Living Creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake of Fire">Lake of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">Seven churches of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_trumpets" title="Seven trumpets">Seven trumpets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Son of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormwood_(Bible)" title="Wormwood (Bible)">Wormwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interpretation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Historicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foxe%27s_apocalyptic_thought" title="John Foxe's apocalyptic thought">by John Foxe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">John of Patmos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Textual variants in the Book of Revelation">Textual variants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_18" title="Papyrus 18">Papyrus 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_24" title="Papyrus 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_43" title="Papyrus 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_47" title="Papyrus 47">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_85" title="Papyrus 85">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_98" title="Papyrus 98">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Aramaic_New_Testament_manuscript" title="Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript">Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%88%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Αποκάλυψις Ιωάννου">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Apocalypsis" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Apocalypsis">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Apocalips" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Apocalips">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Revelation">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Revelation">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&oldid=1226144781">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man&oldid=1226144781</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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