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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AD_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="إصحاح (مسيحية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إصحاح (مسيحية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8ng-keng_%C3%AA_chiu%E2%81%BF-chat" title="Sèng-keng ê chiuⁿ-chat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sèng-keng ê chiuⁿ-chat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%C3%ADtulos_y_vers%C3%ADculos_de_la_Biblia" title="Capítulos y versículos de la Biblia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capítulos y versículos de la Biblia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliako_kapituluak_eta_bertsetak" title="Bibliako kapituluak eta bertsetak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bibliako kapituluak eta bertsetak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B3%BC_%EC%A0%88" title="성경의 장과 절 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성경의 장과 절" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bab_dan_ayat_dalam_Alkitab" title="Bab dan ayat dalam Alkitab – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bab dan ayat dalam Alkitab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaflar_og_vers_%C3%AD_Bibl%C3%ADunni" title="Kaflar og vers í Biblíunni – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kaflar og vers í Biblíunni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A0%22%D7%9A" title="חלוקת הפרקים בתנ"ך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלוקת הפרקים בתנ"ך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bab_dan_ayat_Alkitab" title="Bab dan ayat Alkitab – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bab dan ayat Alkitab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%C3%ADtulos_e_vers%C3%ADculos_da_B%C3%ADblia" title="Capítulos e versículos da Bíblia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Capítulos e versículos da Bíblia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitole_%C8%99i_versete_ale_Bibliei" title="Capitole și versete ale Bibliei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Capitole și versete ale Bibliei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85_(%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Стих (Библия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стих (Библия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chapters and verses of the Bible" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raamatun_luvut_ja_jakeet" title="Raamatun luvut ja jakeet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raamatun luvut ja jakeet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="บทและวรรคของคัมภีร์ไบเบิล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บทและวรรคของคัมภีร์ไบเบิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E7%AB%A0%E8%8A%82" title="圣经章节 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圣经章节" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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development</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Hebrew canon</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_Torah" title="Composition of the Torah">Composition of the Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_authorship" title="Mosaic authorship">Mosaic authorship</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles" title="Authorship of the Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Petrine_epistles" title="Authorship of the Petrine epistles">Petrine epistles</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Johannine works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations" title="Bible translations">Translations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">manuscripts</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targumim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Bible" title="Gothic Bible">Gothic Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" title="Luther Bible">Luther Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_English" title="Bible translations into English">English Bibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bible_translations_by_language" title="List of Bible translations by language">by language</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Biblical studies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_archaeology" title="Biblical archaeology">Archeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inscriptions_in_biblical_archaeology" title="List of inscriptions in biblical archaeology">Artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Bible" title="Historicity of the Bible">Historicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_consistency_of_the_Bible" title="Internal consistency of the Bible">Internal consistency</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources" title="List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_places" title="List of biblical places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Names</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica_Stuttgartensia" title="Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia">Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rahlfs%27_edition_of_the_Septuagint" title="Alfred Rahlfs' edition of the Septuagint">Rahlfs' Septuagint</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels#The_synoptic_problem" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">NT textual categories</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">Biblical criticism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_criticism" title="Historical criticism">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_criticism_(biblical_studies)" title="Source criticism (biblical studies)">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_criticism" title="Form criticism">Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redaction_criticism" title="Redaction criticism">Redaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_criticism" title="Canonical criticism">Canonical</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Interpretation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_hermeneutics" title="Biblical hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesher" title="Pesher">Pesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardes_(exegesis)" title="Pardes (exegesis)">Pardes</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretation_of_the_Bible" title="Allegorical interpretation of the Bible">Allegorical interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical-grammatical_method" title="Historical-grammatical method">Historical-grammatical method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inspiration" title="Biblical inspiration">Inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Literalism</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_conspiracy_theory" title="Bible conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_the_Bible" title="Ethics in the Bible">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Bible" title="Capital punishment in the Bible">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_homosexuality" title="The Bible and homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_humor" title="The Bible and humor">Humor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest_in_the_Bible" title="Incest in the Bible">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_and_the_Bible" title="Muhammad and the Bible">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_prophecy" title="Bible prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Rape in the Hebrew Bible">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Sex in the Hebrew Bible">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_slavery" title="The Bible and slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_violence" title="The Bible and violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="War in the Hebrew Bible">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Bible" title="Women in the Bible">Women</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Perspectives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_the_Bible" title="Islamic view of the Bible">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_narratives_in_the_Quran" title="Biblical narratives in the Quran">Quranic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_infallibility" title="Biblical infallibility">Infallibility</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Bible" title="Criticism of the Bible">Criticism of the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_authority" title="Biblical authority">Biblical authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bible-related_topics" title="Outline of Bible-related topics">Outline of Bible-related topics</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/64px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bible_sidebar" title="Template:Bible sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bible_sidebar" title="Template talk:Bible sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bible_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bible sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chapter and verse divisions did not appear in the original texts of Jewish or Christian bibles; such divisions form part of the <a href="/wiki/Paratext" title="Paratext">paratext</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. Since the early 13th century, most copies and editions of the Bible have presented all but the shortest of the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Bible">scriptural books</a> with divisions into <a href="/wiki/Chapter_(books)" title="Chapter (books)">chapters</a>, generally a page or so in length. Since the mid-16th century, editors have further subdivided each chapter into verses – each consisting of a few short lines or of one or more sentences. In the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> (KJV) <a href="/wiki/Esther_8:9" class="mw-redirect" title="Esther 8:9">Esther 8:9</a> is the longest verse<sup id="cite_ref-compellingtruth_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compellingtruth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/John_11:35" class="mw-redirect" title="John 11:35">John 11:35</a> is the shortest.<sup id="cite_ref-compellingtruth_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compellingtruth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes a sentence spans more than one verse, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Ephesians_2:8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephesians 2:8">Ephesians 2:8</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ephesians_2:9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephesians 2:9">9</a>, and sometimes there is more than one sentence in a single verse, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:2" title="Genesis 1:2">Genesis 1:2</a>. </p><p>The Jewish divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew text</a> differ at various points from those used by <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christians</a>. For instance, Jewish tradition regards the <a href="/wiki/Psalms#Superscriptions" title="Psalms">ascriptions</a> to many <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> as independent verses or as parts of the subsequent verses, whereas established Christian practice treats each Psalm ascription as independent and unnumbered, resulting in 116 more verses in Jewish versions than in the Christian texts. Some chapter divisions also occur in different places, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bibles</a> have <a href="/wiki/1_Chronicles_5#Verse_numbering" title="1 Chronicles 5">1 Chronicles 5:27–41</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where Christian translations have <a href="/wiki/1_Chronicles_6#Verse_numbering" title="1 Chronicles 6">1 Chronicles 6:1–15</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapters">Chapters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chapters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaiah_Wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Isaiah_Wall.jpg/220px-Isaiah_Wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Isaiah_Wall.jpg/330px-Isaiah_Wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Isaiah_Wall.jpg/440px-Isaiah_Wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>"...they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more." – <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_2:4" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah 2:4">Isaiah 2:4</a> KJV (Bible verse across the street from the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">United Nations Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Early manuscripts of the biblical texts did not contain the chapter and verse divisions in the numbered form familiar to modern readers. In antiquity Hebrew texts were divided into paragraphs (<a href="/wiki/Parashot" class="mw-redirect" title="Parashot">parashot</a>) that were identified by two letters of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">Peh (פ‎)</a> indicated an "open" paragraph that began on a new line, while <a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">Samekh (ס‎)</a> indicated a "closed" paragraph that began on the same line after a small space.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two letters begin the Hebrew words open (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><i lang="hbo"><b>p</b>atuach</i></span>) and closed (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><i lang="hbo"><b>s</b>atum</i></span>), and are, themselves, open in shape (פ) and closed (ס). The earliest known copies of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> used parashot divisions, although they differ slightly from the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretic text">Masoretic</a> divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-Wurthwein-2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wurthwein-2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> was also divided into some larger sections. In Israel, the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> (its first five books) were divided into 154 sections so that they could be read through aloud in weekly worship over the course of three years. In Babylonia, it was divided into 53 or 54 sections (<a href="/wiki/Parashat_ha-Shavua" class="mw-redirect" title="Parashat ha-Shavua">Parashat ha-Shavua</a>) so it could be read through in one year.<sup id="cite_ref-Wurthwein-2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wurthwein-2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> was divided into topical sections known as <a href="/wiki/Kephalaia" title="Kephalaia">kephalaia</a> by the fourth century. <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius of Caesarea">Eusebius of Caesarea</a> divided the gospels into parts that he listed in tables or <i>canons</i>. Neither of these systems corresponds with modern chapter divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See fuller discussions below.) </p><p>Chapter divisions, with titles, are also found in the 9th-century Tours manuscript Paris Bibliothèque Nationale MS Lat. 3, the so-called Bible of Rorigo.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardinal archbishop <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Langton#Chapters_of_the_Bible" title="Stephen Langton">Stephen Langton</a> and Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Sancto_Caro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo de Sancto Caro">Hugo de Sancto Caro</a> developed different schemas for systematic division of the Bible in the early 13th century. It is the system of Archbishop Langton on which the modern chapter divisions are based.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moore_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While chapter divisions have become nearly universal, editions of the Bible have sometimes been published without them. Such editions, which typically use thematic or literary criteria to divide the biblical books instead, include <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke's</a> <i>Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul</i> (1707),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(clergyman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Campbell (clergyman)">Alexander Campbell's</a> <i>The Sacred Writings</i> (1826),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Berkeley_Updike" title="Daniel Berkeley Updike">Daniel Berkeley Updike's</a> fourteen-volume <i>The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments and the Apocrypha,</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Green_Moulton" title="Richard Green Moulton">Richard Moulton's</a> <i>The Modern Reader's Bible</i> (1907),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Sutherland_Bates" title="Ernest Sutherland Bates">Ernest Sutherland Bates's</a> <i>The Bible Designed to Be Read as Living Literature</i> (1936),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Books_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="The Books of the Bible">The Books of the Bible</a></i> (2007) from the <a href="/wiki/International_Bible_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="International Bible Society">International Bible Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biblica" title="Biblica">Biblica</a>), Adam Lewis Greene's five-volume <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Bible)" title="Bibliotheca (Bible)">Bibliotheca</a></i> (2014),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the six-volume <a href="/wiki/English_Standard_Version" title="English Standard Version">ESV Reader's Bible</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2016) from <a href="/wiki/Good_News_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Good News Publishers">Crossway Books</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verses">Verses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Verses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elias_Hutter_1602.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Elias_Hutter_1602.jpg/220px-Elias_Hutter_1602.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Elias_Hutter_1602.jpg/330px-Elias_Hutter_1602.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Elias_Hutter_1602.jpg/440px-Elias_Hutter_1602.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_40" title="Isaiah 40">Isaiah chapter 40</a>, verse 8 in Hebrew, Greek, Latin and German, with the verse analysed word-by-word. In English, this verse is translated "The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God endures forever." (from <a href="/wiki/Elias_Hutter" title="Elias Hutter">Elias Hutter</a>, 1602)</figcaption></figure> <p>Since at least 916 the <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> has contained an extensive system of multiple levels of section, paragraph, and phrasal divisions that were indicated in <a href="/wiki/Masoretic" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretic">Masoretic</a> vocalization and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_cantillation" title="Hebrew cantillation">cantillation markings</a>. One of the most frequent of these was a special type of punctuation, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sof_passuq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sof passuq">sof passuq</a></i>, symbol for a period or sentence break, resembling the <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> (:) of English and Latin orthography. With the advent of the printing press and the translation of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> into English, versifications were made that correspond predominantly with the existing Hebrew sentence breaks, with a few isolated exceptions. Most attribute these to Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Nathan_ben_Kalonymus" title="Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus">Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus</a>'s work for the first Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Bible_concordance" title="Bible concordance">Bible concordance</a> around 1440.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first person to divide New Testament chapters into verses was the Italian Dominican biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Santes_Pagnino" title="Santes Pagnino">Santes Pagnino</a> (1470–1541), but his system was never widely adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His verse divisions in the New Testament were far longer than those known today.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Parisian printer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Estienne" title="Robert Estienne">Robert Estienne</a> created another numbering in his 1551 edition of the Greek New Testament,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was also used in his 1553 publication of the Bible in French. Estienne's system of division was widely adopted, and it is this system which is found in almost all modern Bibles. Estienne produced a 1555 Vulgate that is the first Bible to include the verse numbers integrated into the text. Before this work, they were printed in the margins.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first English New Testament to use the verse divisions was a 1557 translation by <a href="/wiki/William_Whittingham" title="William Whittingham">William Whittingham</a> (c. 1524–1579). The first Bible in English to use both chapters and verses was the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Bible" title="Geneva Bible">Geneva Bible</a> published shortly afterwards by <a href="/wiki/Rowland_Hill_(MP)" title="Rowland Hill (MP)">Sir Rowland Hill</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1560. These verse divisions soon gained acceptance as a standard way to notate verses, and have since been used in nearly all English Bibles and the vast majority of those in other languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_tradition">Jewish tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jewish tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> of the Hebrew Bible notes several different kinds of subdivisions within the biblical books: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Passukim"><i>Passukim</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Passukim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most important are the verses, or <i>passukim</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">MH</a> spelling; now pronounced <i>pesukim</i> by all speakers). According to <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudic</a> tradition, the division of the text into verses is of ancient origin.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Masoretic versions of the Bible, the end of a verse, or <i><a href="/wiki/Sof_passuk" title="Sof passuk">sof passuk</a></i>, is indicated by a small mark in its final word called a <i>silluq</i> (which means "stop"). Less formally, verse endings are usually also indicated by two vertical dots following the word with a <i>silluq</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parashot"><i>Parashot</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Parashot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> also contains sections, or portions, called <i><a href="/wiki/Parashah" title="Parashah">parashot</a></i> or <i>parashiyot</i>. The end of a <i>parashah</i> is usually indicated by a space within a line (a "closed" section) or a new line beginning (an "open" section). The division of the text reflected in the <i>parashot</i> is usually thematic. Unlike chapters, the <i>parashot</i> are not numbered, but some of them have special titles. </p><p>In early manuscripts (most importantly in <a href="/wiki/Tiberian_vocalization" title="Tiberian vocalization">Tiberian</a> Masoretic manuscripts, such as the <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_codex" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleppo codex">Aleppo codex</a>), an "open" section may also be represented by a blank line, and a "closed" section by a new line that is slightly indented (the preceding line may also not be full). These latter conventions are no longer used in Torah scrolls and printed Hebrew Bibles. In this system, the one rule differentiating "open" and "closed" sections is that "open" sections must <i>always</i> start at the beginning of a new line, while "closed" sections <i>never</i> start at the beginning of a new line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sedarim"><i>Sedarim</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sedarim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another division of the biblical books found in the Masoretic Text is the division into <i><a href="/wiki/Seder_(Bible)" title="Seder (Bible)">sedarim</a></i>. This division is not thematic, but is almost entirely based upon the <i>quantity</i> of text.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, this division reflects the triennial cycle of reading that was practiced by the Jews of the Land of Israel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_versions">Christian versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Christian versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/East_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="East Roman Empire">East Roman (Byzantine)</a> era, the church also introduced a concept roughly similar to chapter divisions, called <i>kephalaia</i> (singular <i>kephalaion</i>, literally meaning <i>heading</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This system, which was in place no later than the 5th century, is not identical to the present chapters. Unlike the modern chapters, which tend to be of roughly similar length, the distance from one <i>kephalaion</i> mark to the next varied greatly in length both within a book and from one book to the next. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>, comprising three chapters in the modern system, has but one <i>kephalaion</i> mark, while the single modern <a href="/wiki/Matthew_8" title="Matthew 8">chapter 8</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> has several, one per miracle. Moreover, there were far fewer <i>kephalaia</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> than in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a>, even though the latter is the shorter text. In the manuscripts, the <i>kephalaia</i> with their numbers, their standard titles (<i>titloi</i>) and their page numbers would be listed at the beginning of each biblical book; in the book's main body, they would be marked only with arrow-shaped or asterisk-like symbols in the margin, not in the text itself. </p><p>The titles usually referred to the first event or the first theological point of the section only, and some <i>kephalaia</i> are manifestly incomplete if one stops reading at the point where the next <i>kephalaion</i> begins (for example, the combined accounts of the miracles of the <a href="/wiki/Daughter_of_Jairus" class="mw-redirect" title="Daughter of Jairus">Daughter of Jairus</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Christ_healing_the_bleeding_woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ healing the bleeding woman">healing of the woman with a haemorrhage</a> gets two marked <i>kephalaia</i>, one titled <i>of the daughter of the synagogue ruler</i> at the beginning when the ruler approaches Jesus and one titled <i>of the woman with the flow of blood</i> where the woman enters the picture – well before the ruler's daughter is healed and the storyline of the previous <i>kephalaion</i> is thus properly concluded). Thus the <i>kephalaia</i> marks are rather more like a system of bookmarks or links into a continuous text, helping a reader to quickly find one of several well-known episodes, than like a true system of chapter divisions. </p><p>Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_St_Cher" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh of St Cher">Hugo de Sancto Caro</a> is often given credit for first dividing the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Vulgate" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Vulgate">Latin Vulgate</a> into chapters in the real sense, but it is the arrangement of his contemporary and fellow cardinal <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Langton" title="Stephen Langton">Stephen Langton</a> who in 1205 created the chapter divisions which are used today. They were then inserted into Greek manuscripts of the New Testament in the 16th century. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Estienne" title="Robert Estienne">Robert Estienne</a> (Robert Stephanus) was the first to number the verses within each chapter, his verse numbers entering printed editions in 1551 (New Testament) and 1553 (Hebrew Bible).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division of the Bible into chapters and verses has received criticism from some traditionalists and modern scholars. Critics state that the text is often divided in an incoherent way, or at inappropriate rhetorical points, and that it encourages citing passages out of context. Nevertheless, the chapter and verse numbers have become indispensable as technical references for both Bible study and theological discussion among everyone from scholars to laypeople. </p><p>Several modern publications of the Bible have eliminated numbering of chapters and verses. <a href="/wiki/Biblica" title="Biblica">Biblica</a> published such a version of the <a href="/wiki/NIV" class="mw-redirect" title="NIV">NIV</a> in 2007 and 2011. In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Crossway_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossway Books">Crossway</a> published the <a href="/wiki/ESV" class="mw-redirect" title="ESV">ESV</a> Reader's Bible and <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Bible)" title="Bibliotheca (Bible)">Bibliotheca</a></i> published a modified ASV.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Projects such as Icthus<sup id="cite_ref-Icthus_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Icthus-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also exist which strip chapter and verse numbers from existing translations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bible_statistics"><span class="anchor" id="Statistics"></span>Bible statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bible statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of words can vary depending upon aspects such as whether the Hebrew alphabet in Psalm 119, the superscriptions listed in some of the Psalms, and the subscripts traditionally found at the end of the Pauline epistles, are included. </p><p>Except where stated, the following apply to the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> of the Bible in its modern 66-book Protestant form including the New Testament and the <a href="/wiki/Protocanonical" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocanonical">protocanonical</a> Old Testament, not the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical books</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapters_2">Chapters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chapters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>There are 929 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>. <ul><li>187 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a></li> <li>249 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">historical books</a></li> <li>243 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/Sapiential_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapiential Books">poetic books ("Wisdom")</a></li> <li>183 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">major prophets</a></li> <li>67 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li>There are 260 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>. <ul><li>89 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">gospels</a></li> <li>28 chapters in <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li>87 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a> (excluding <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a>)</li> <li>34 chapters in the <a href="/wiki/General_epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="General epistles">general epistles</a> (including Hebrews)</li> <li>22 chapters in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li> <li>This gives a total of 1,189 chapters (on average, 18 per book).</li> <li>In addition, the 14 books of the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_books_of_the_King_James_Version#Apocrypha" title="List of books of the King James Version">Apocrypha</a> have a total of 173 chapters, which brings the total of a complete 80 book Bible up to 1,362.</li> <li>The Catholic Bible includes the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterocanonical Books">Deuterocanonical Books</a> which have a total of 137 chapters (<a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Tobit" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Tobit">The Book of Tobit</a> = 14, <a href="/wiki/Judith" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith">Judith</a> = 16, <a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a> = 16, <a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a> = 15, <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Wisdom" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Wisdom">The Book of Wisdom</a> = 19, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Book of Sirach</a> = 51, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Book of Baruch</a> = 6). The Catholic Bible has a total of 1,326 chapters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_117" title="Psalm 117">Psalm 117</a>, the shortest chapter, is also the middle chapter of the Bible, being the 595th chapter.<sup id="cite_ref-midbible_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-midbible-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_119" title="Psalm 119">Psalm 119</a> is the longest chapter of the Bible.</li> <li>Five books are a single chapter: <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_John" class="mw-redirect" title="2 John">2</a> & <a href="/wiki/3_John" class="mw-redirect" title="3 John">3 John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a>. In many printed editions, the chapter number is omitted for these books, and references just use the verse numbers.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin:25px"> <caption>Old Testament – 929 chapters<sup id="cite_ref-blueletterbiblebooks_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blueletterbiblebooks-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Book / Division</th> <th colspan="2">Chapters </th></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">Pentateuch (or the Law)</td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">187</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leviticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviticus">Leviticus</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">36 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">34 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">Historical Books</td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">249</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Samuel">1 Samuel</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">31 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Samuel">2 Samuel</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Kings">1 Kings</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">22 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Kings">2 Kings</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">25 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">29 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">36 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">10 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">Books of Wisdom (or "Poetry")</td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">243</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Psalms">Psalms</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">150 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">31 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Song of Solomon">Song of Solomon</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">8 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">Major Prophets</td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">183</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">66 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">52 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">48 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">12 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">Minor Prophets</td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">67</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:25px; float:left; clear:right"> <caption>New Testament – 260 chapters<sup id="cite_ref-blueletterbiblebooks_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blueletterbiblebooks-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Book / Division</th> <th colspan="2">Chapters </th></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">Gospels</td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">89</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">28 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">16 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_John" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gospel According to John">John</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">21 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">History</td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">28</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts">Acts</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">28 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">Pauline Epistles</td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">87</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">16 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_Corinthians" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">16 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_Corinthians" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ephesians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephesians">Ephesians</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippians" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippians">Philippians</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colossians" class="mw-redirect" title="Colossians">Colossians</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_Thessalonians" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_Thessalonians" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_Timothy" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Timothy">1 Timothy</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_Timothy" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Timothy">2 Timothy</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">1 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">General Epistles</td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">34</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Peter">1 Peter</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Peter">2 Peter</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_John" class="mw-redirect" title="1 John">1 John</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_John" class="mw-redirect" title="2 John">2 John</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3_John" class="mw-redirect" title="3 John">3 John</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">1 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top-width:3px; border-top-style:solid; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2">Apocalyptic Writings <p>(Prophecy) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border:none">22</td> <td style="border:none"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right">22 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verses_2">Verses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Verses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>There are 23,145 verses in the Old Testament and 7,957 verses in the New Testament. This gives a total of 31,102 verses,<sup id="cite_ref-blueletterbiblebooks_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blueletterbiblebooks-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is an average of a little more than 26 verses per chapter and 471 verses per book.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_103" title="Psalm 103">Psalm 103</a>:1–2 being the 15,551st and 15,552nd verses is in the middle of the 31,102 verses of the Bible.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_11:35" class="mw-redirect" title="John 11:35">John 11:35</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("<a href="/wiki/Jesus_wept" title="Jesus wept">Jesus wept</a>") is the shortest verse in most English translations. Some translations—including the New International Version, New Living Translation, New Life Version, Holman Christian Standard Bible and New International Reader's Version—render Job 3:2<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as "He said". However, that is a translators' condensation of the Hebrew which literally translated is: "And Job answered and said."</li> <li>The shortest verse in the <a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Greek New Testament</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/The_New_Testament_in_the_Original_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Testament in the Original Greek">Westcott and Hort</a> text, is Luke 20:30<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("και ο δευτερος", "And the second") with twelve letters. In the <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a>, the shortest verse is 1 Thessalonians 5:16<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("παντοτε χαιρετε", "Rejoice always") with fourteen letters,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since <a href="/wiki/Robert_Estienne" title="Robert Estienne">Stephanus</a>' rendering of Luke 20:30 includes some additional words.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Chronicles_1" title="1 Chronicles 1">1 Chronicles 1</a>:24<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("Σαλα", "<a href="/wiki/Selah_(biblical_figure)" title="Selah (biblical figure)">Shelah</a>") is the shortest verse in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_12" title="1 Kings 12">1 Kings 12</a>:24<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the longest verse in the Septuagint (1,017 letters).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_10" title="Isaiah 10">Isaiah 10</a>:8<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Dicet enim</i></span>", "For he shall say") is the shortest verse in the Latin <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_8:9" class="mw-redirect" title="Esther 8:9">Esther 8:9</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the longest verse in the Masoretic Text. The discovery of several manuscripts at <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>) has reopened what is considered the most original text of 1 Samuel 11; if one believes that those manuscripts better preserve the text, several verses in 1 Samuel 11 surpass Esther 8:9 in length.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_20" class="mw-redirect" title="Exodus 20">Exodus 20</a>:13,14,15<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy_5:17" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy 5:17">Deuteronomy 5:17</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are the shortest verses in the Masoretic Text.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">John 11</a>:25<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the most read verse in funerals.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compellingtruth.org/longest-verse-in-the-Bible.html">"What is the longest verse in the Bible? :: Got Questions Ministries"</a>. <i>www.compellingtruth.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.compellingtruth.org&rft.atitle=What+is+the+longest+verse+in+the+Bible%3F+%3A%3A+Got+Questions+Ministries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compellingtruth.org%2Flongest-verse-in-the-Bible.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25a05.htm#27">1 Chronicles 5:27–41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Chronicles#6:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles 6:1–15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1_Chronicles.6:1%E2%80%936:15#footnote-10456a">Footnote to 1 Chronicles 6:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernst Würthwein, <i>The Text of the Old Testament</i> (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998), p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wurthwein-2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wurthwein-2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wurthwein-2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Würthwein, <i>The Text of the Old Testament</i>, n. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurt and Barbara Aland, <i>The Text of the New Testament</i> (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans and Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1989), pp. 252 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConsortium" class="citation web cs1">Consortium, Europeana Regia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanaregia.eu/en/manuscripts/paris-bibliotheque-nationale-france-mss-latin-3/en">"Europeana Regia - Paris Bibliothèque nationale de France MSS Latin 3"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Europeana+Regia+-+Paris+Biblioth%C3%A8que+nationale+de+France+MSS+Latin+3&rft.aulast=Consortium&rft.aufirst=Europeana+Regia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanaregia.eu%2Fen%2Fmanuscripts%2Fparis-bibliotheque-nationale-france-mss-latin-3%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07175a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hebrew Bible"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Hebrew+Bible&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F07175a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, G.F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/3259119">The Vulgate Chapters and Numbered Verses in the Hebrew Bible</a>, pages 73–78 at <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3259119?seq=3">page 75</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzger1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Metzger, Bruce M.</a> (1977). <i>The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 347.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Versions+of+the+New+Testament%3A+Their+Origin%2C+Transmission+and+Limitations&rft.pages=347&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Bruce+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span> Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/2013/06/21/stephen-langton-and-the-modern-chapter-divisions-of-the-bible/"><i>Stephen Langton and the modern chapter divisions of the bible</i></a>. Translated by Pearse, Roger<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stephen+Langton+and+the+modern+chapter+divisions+of+the+bible&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roger-pearse.com%2Fweblog%2F2013%2F06%2F21%2Fstephen-langton-and-the-modern-chapter-divisions-of-the-bible%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">London: Awnsham and John Churchill, 1707</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1826; repr. Nashville: Gospel Advocate Restoration Reprints, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York: Macmillan, 1907</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotheca.co/">"Bibliotheca Multivolume Readers' Bible Homepage"</a>. <i>BIBLIOTHECA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BIBLIOTHECA&rft.atitle=Bibliotheca+Multivolume+Readers%27+Bible+Homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibliotheca.co%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2014/7/22/5922855/bibliotheca-bible-kickstarter-campaign-adam-greene-interview">"The Bible's a mess, but a designer is fixing it"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+Bible%27s+a+mess%2C+but+a+designer+is+fixing+it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2014%2F7%2F22%2F5922855%2Fbibliotheca-bible-kickstarter-campaign-adam-greene-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBibles2014" class="citation book cs1">Bibles, Crossway (30 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crossway.org/bibles/esv-readers-bible-none-tru/"><i>ESV Reader's Bible</i></a>. Crossway. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781433544125" title="Special:BookSources/9781433544125"><bdi>9781433544125</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ESV+Reader%27s+Bible&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft.isbn=9781433544125&rft.aulast=Bibles&rft.aufirst=Crossway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crossway.org%2Fbibles%2Fesv-readers-bible-none-tru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Stephen_M.Huber,_Robert_V.2004" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Stephen M.; Huber, Robert V. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biblehistorymaki0000mill/page/173"><i>The Bible: A History</i></a>. Good Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biblehistorymaki0000mill/page/173">173</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56148-414-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-56148-414-8"><bdi>1-56148-414-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible%3A+A+History&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Good+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-56148-414-8&rft.au=Miller%2C+Stephen+M.&rft.au=Huber%2C+Robert+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiblehistorymaki0000mill%2Fpage%2F173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.pitts.emory.edu/Printer/">"Pitts Theology Library Exhibit on the Verses of the New Testament"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitts+Theology+Library+Exhibit+on+the+Verses+of+the+New+Testament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftools.pitts.emory.edu%2FPrinter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logos.com/grow/bible-study-magazine/">"Bible Study Magazine"</a>. <i>Word by Word</i>. pp. 46–47<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Word+by+Word&rft.atitle=Bible+Study+Magazine&rft.pages=46-47&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logos.com%2Fgrow%2Fbible-study-magazine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yzxfAAAAcAAJ&dq=sir+rowland+hill+bible+geneva+bible&pg=PP27"><i>The Holy Bible ... With a General Introduction and Short Explanatory Notes, by B. Boothroyd</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kephalaia%3A+The+Ancient+Chapters+of+the+Gospels&rft.date=2016-04-15&rft.aulast=Snapp&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetextofthegospels.com%2F2016%2F04%2Fkephalaia-ancient-chapters-of-gospels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095504230;jsessionid=3C7543969D4E0D73661D5EA32AA11DF2">"Oxford Reference"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+Reference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803095504230%3Bjsessionid%3D3C7543969D4E0D73661D5EA32AA11DF2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZylstra2014" class="citation journal cs1">Zylstra, Sarah Eekhof (25 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2014/july-web-only/bibliotheca-readers-bible.html">"Introducing the Bible! Now with Less!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christianity+Today&rft.atitle=Introducing+the+Bible%21+Now+with+Less%21&rft.date=2014-07-25&rft.aulast=Zylstra&rft.aufirst=Sarah+Eekhof&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fct%2F2014%2Fjuly-web-only%2Fbibliotheca-readers-bible.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Icthus-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Icthus_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icthusapp.com/">"Icthus"</a>. <i>Icthus</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Icthus&rft.atitle=Icthus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficthusapp.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-midbible-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-midbible_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breakthechain.org/exclusives/midbible.html">The Center of the Bible</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050828035123/http://www.breakthechain.org/exclusives/midbible.html">Archived</a> August 28, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Break The Chain.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blueletterbiblebooks-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blueletterbiblebooks_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blueletterbiblebooks_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blueletterbiblebooks_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/misc/66books.cfm">"The 66 Books of the Bible - Study Resources"</a>. <i>Blue Letter Bible</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blue+Letter+Bible&rft.atitle=The+66+Books+of+the+Bible+-+Study+Resources&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueletterbible.org%2Fstudy%2Fmisc%2F66books.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11:35&version=nasb">John 11:35</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2703.htm#2">Job 3:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+20:30&version=nasb">Luke 20:30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Thessalonians+5:16&version=nasb">1 Thessalonians 5:16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalvoord" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Walvoord" title="John Walvoord">Walvoord, John</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible.org/page.php?page_id=5585">"First Thessalonians 5:12–28"</a>. <i>Bible.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible.org&rft.atitle=First+Thessalonians+5%3A12%E2%80%9328&rft.aulast=Walvoord&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bible.org%2Fpage.php%3Fpage_id%3D5585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studybible.info/LXX_WH-IGNT-KJV/Luke%2020:30">Luke 20:30 και ο δευτερος – and the second</a> with interlinear Greek-English and KJV<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke%2020:30&version=TR1550;WHNU">Luke 20:30</a>, in the 1550 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Estienne" title="Robert Estienne">Stephanus</a> New Testament and the 1881 <a href="/wiki/The_New_Testament_in_the_Original_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Testament in the Original Greek">Westcott-Hort</a> New Testament.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/1+Chronicles+1:24">1 Chronicles 1:24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/nets/edition/13-1suppl-nets.pdf">"1 Chronicles"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>A New English Translation of the Septuagint</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+Chronicles&rft.btitle=A+New+English+Translation+of+the+Septuagint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccat.sas.upenn.edu%2Fnets%2Fedition%2F13-1suppl-nets.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academic-bible.com/en/online-bibles/septuagint-lxx/read-the-bible-text/bibel/text/lesen/stelle/13/10001/19999/ch/a90dc3a8a65a5859c839b3468f1ee281/">"Read the Bible text :: academic-bible.com"</a>. <i>www.academic-bible.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.academic-bible.com&rft.atitle=Read+the+Bible+text+%3A%3A+academic-bible.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academic-bible.com%2Fen%2Fonline-bibles%2Fseptuagint-lxx%2Fread-the-bible-text%2Fbibel%2Ftext%2Flesen%2Fstelle%2F13%2F10001%2F19999%2Fch%2Fa90dc3a8a65a5859c839b3468f1ee281%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/1+Kings+12:24">1 Kings 12:24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/nets/edition/11-3reigns-nets.pdf">"3 Kings"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>A New English Translation of the Septuagint</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3+Kings&rft.btitle=A+New+English+Translation+of+the+Septuagint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccat.sas.upenn.edu%2Fnets%2Fedition%2F11-3reigns-nets.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academic-bible.com/en/online-bibles/septuagint-lxx/read-the-bible-text/bibel/text/lesen/stelle/11/120001/129999/ch/ac9a14ada853990388b597084de98d4c/">"Read the Bible text :: academic-bible.com"</a>. <i>www.academic-bible.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.academic-bible.com&rft.atitle=Read+the+Bible+text+%3A%3A+academic-bible.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academic-bible.com%2Fen%2Fonline-bibles%2Fseptuagint-lxx%2Fread-the-bible-text%2Fbibel%2Ftext%2Flesen%2Fstelle%2F11%2F120001%2F129999%2Fch%2Fac9a14ada853990388b597084de98d4c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Isaiah+10:8">Isaiah 10:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinvulgate.com/verse.aspx?t=0&b=27&c=10">"Isaias 10"</a>. <i>LatinVulgate.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LatinVulgate.com&rft.atitle=Isaias+10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latinvulgate.com%2Fverse.aspx%3Ft%3D0%26b%3D27%26c%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Esther+8:9">Esther 8:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Exodus+20:1">Exodus 20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+5:17&version=es">Deuteronomy 5:17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academic-bible.com/en/online-bibles/biblia-hebraica-stuttgartensia-bhs/read-the-bible-text/bibel/text/lesen/stelle/2/200001/209999/ch/ff21ce77cf81042bd9167a711eefbdfe/">"Read the Bible text :: academic-bible.com"</a>. <i>www.academic-bible.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.academic-bible.com&rft.atitle=Read+the+Bible+text+%3A%3A+academic-bible.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academic-bible.com%2Fen%2Fonline-bibles%2Fbiblia-hebraica-stuttgartensia-bhs%2Fread-the-bible-text%2Fbibel%2Ftext%2Flesen%2Fstelle%2F2%2F200001%2F209999%2Fch%2Fff21ce77cf81042bd9167a711eefbdfe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academic-bible.com/en/online-bibles/biblia-hebraica-stuttgartensia-bhs/read-the-bible-text/bibel/text/lesen/stelle/5/50001/59999/ch/fa0bb2f4ac4920b7a4e0d8dd04824775/">"Read the Bible text: academic-bible.com"</a>. <i>www.academic-bible.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.academic-bible.com&rft.atitle=Read+the+Bible+text%3A+academic-bible.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academic-bible.com%2Fen%2Fonline-bibles%2Fbiblia-hebraica-stuttgartensia-bhs%2Fread-the-bible-text%2Fbibel%2Ftext%2Flesen%2Fstelle%2F5%2F50001%2F59999%2Fch%2Ffa0bb2f4ac4920b7a4e0d8dd04824775%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/John+11:25">John 11:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.funeralhomesusa.com/articles/funeral-quotes-from-the-bible/">"Funeral Quotes from the Bible"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Funeral+Quotes+from+the+Bible&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.funeralhomesusa.com%2Farticles%2Ffuneral-quotes-from-the-bible%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapters+and+verses+of+the+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://holyword.church/miscellaneous-resources/how-many-words-in-each-book-of-the-bible/">How Many Words In Each Book of the Bible</a> Sortable table of data about chapters, verses, words, and other info on each Bible book</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crosswire.org/bsisg/download.htm">STEP Documentation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/refsys/refsys.html">OSIS Documentation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014205114/http://www.ccel.org/refsys/refsys.html">Archived</a> 2012-10-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books_of_the_Bible" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template talk:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books_of_the_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Books</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Protocanonical_books" title="Protocanonical books">(protocanon)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Orthodox & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon#Broader_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syriac <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Three_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Three Patriarchs">Testaments of the Three Patriarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Jacob" title="Testament of Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">Canon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans" title="Epistle to the Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">1 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Clement" title="Second Epistle of Clement">2 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chapters and verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah#Pentateuch" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature#Sapiential_Books" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Poetic Books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Jewish canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertestamental_period" title="Intertestamental period">Intertestamental period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">Old Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">Manuscripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">New Testament manuscript categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_uncials" title="List of New Testament uncials">New Testament uncials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_version_debate" title="Bible version debate">Bible version debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible" title="Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible">Other books referenced in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">Additional Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual criticism</a></li></ul> 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