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American Historical Association - Everything Has a History

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Association</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-1wmj9zdp76vo" data-node="1wmj9zdp76vo"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-xjhg2d0yfbqn fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images three-cards" data-node="xjhg2d0yfbqn"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-dbaz2pr9uny7 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="dbaz2pr9uny7"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-y1fu4bngzxma fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="y1fu4bngzxma"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-su7nxj1dtl64" data-node="su7nxj1dtl64"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-65123 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/alexis-brown-omeaHbEFlN4-unsplash.jpg" alt="alexis-brown-omeaHbEFlN4-unsplash" itemprop="image" height="1280" width="1920" title="alexis-brown-omeaHbEFlN4-unsplash" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/alexis-brown-omeaHbEFlN4-unsplash.jpg 1920w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/alexis-brown-omeaHbEFlN4-unsplash-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/alexis-brown-omeaHbEFlN4-unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/alexis-brown-omeaHbEFlN4-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/alexis-brown-omeaHbEFlN4-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-r5b3hkfyzlqc" data-node="r5b3hkfyzlqc"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Freedom to Learn</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-l56fxd4kqru1" data-node="l56fxd4kqru1"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA’s Freedom to Learn initiative educates historians and others on how to advocate publicly for honest history education, responds directly to the bills themselves, and creates resources to help teachers.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-tqpl03f1cdbk simple-button" data-node="tqpl03f1cdbk"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/freedom-to-learn/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-vjr8w2qtdpfm fl-col-bg-color 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.512v14.25A8.987 8.987 0 016 18c2.305 0 4.408.867 6 2.292m0-14.25a8.966 8.966 0 016-2.292c1.052 0 2.062.18 3 .512v14.25A8.987 8.987 0 0018 18a8.967 8.967 0 00-6 2.292m0-14.25v14.25"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-g6rox4zlya1f" data-node="g6rox4zlya1f"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/freedom-to-learn/" title="Freedom to Learn" target="_self" > <span class="fl-heading-text">Freedom to Learn</span> </a> </h5> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-zwcbakhxmogq fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="zwcbakhxmogq"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-9puowyhrk3it fl-col-group-equal-height 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class="fl-heading-text"><i>American Lesson Plan: Teaching US History in Secondary Schools</i></span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-0n9h5cgwudq7" data-node="0n9h5cgwudq7"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA’s 2024 report shares findings from the most comprehensive study of secondary US history education undertaken in the 21st century. The report provides empirical evidence and rigorous analysis to inform current debates over how history is taught in our schools.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-15z4wavosjk6 ghost-button" data-node="15z4wavosjk6"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/k-12-education/american-lesson-plan/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Read Now</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-68xdnljgt9qv fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="68xdnljgt9qv"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-oyu2agftre9l" data-node="oyu2agftre9l"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-va0hkbyt6rqm fl-col-bg-color 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historical discipline in the United States, bringing together scholarship from every major field of historical study.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-6avr8354moxn simple-button" data-node="6avr8354moxn"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/news-publications/american-historical-review/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-7olmtecg8401" data-node="7olmtecg8401"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-gkeyd0r9njc7 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-logos ph invert" data-node="gkeyd0r9njc7"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-0d6ru8acivp2 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="0d6ru8acivp2"> <div 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Since 1962, <em>Perspectives</em> has promoted our work by publishing articles and commentary on all aspects of the historical discipline.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-24z8h9d03lrt simple-button" data-node="24z8h9d03lrt"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/news-publications/perspectives-on-history/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Read Latest Articles</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-twl48hbxkeur" data-node="twl48hbxkeur"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-5i7zh8suqw90 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images two-cards" data-node="5i7zh8suqw90"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-jfie40un39lc fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="jfie40un39lc"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-wjvltpuicr0q fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="wjvltpuicr0q"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-t52f0a3r1ld7" data-node="t52f0a3r1ld7"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-png"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-49742 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/How-History-Works-Earle_frontis.png" alt="Lithographs by Genaro López, based on the Lienzo de Tlaxcala, in Homenaje á Cristóbal Colón: Antigüedades mexicanas: Láminas, ed. Alfredo Chavero (Mexico City: Junta Colombina de México / Oficina Tipográfica de la Secretaría de Fomento, 1892)." itemprop="image" height="2400" width="1680" title="AHR_2024_AHRArticle" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/How-History-Works-Earle_frontis.png 1680w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/How-History-Works-Earle_frontis-420x600.png 420w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/How-History-Works-Earle_frontis-840x1200.png 840w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/How-History-Works-Earle_frontis-768x1097.png 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/How-History-Works-Earle_frontis-1075x1536.png 1075w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/How-History-Works-Earle_frontis-1434x2048.png 1434w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1680px) 100vw, 1680px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-h1tmox2dup9j" data-node="h1tmox2dup9j"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">#AHRSyllabus</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-6i7khv4f8ldy" data-node="6i7khv4f8ldy"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The #AHRSyllabus is a collaborative project designed to help teachers and students look "under the hood" at how historians in the early 21st century do the work of history. Each contribution to the syllabus will feature a practical hands-on teaching module that foregrounds innovative uses of historical method in the classroom.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-lmtkv17x3irb simple-button" data-node="lmtkv17x3irb"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/american-historical-review/ahrsyllabus/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-dh0x3p87cto5 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="dh0x3p87cto5"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-k7azdhv146m9" data-node="k7azdhv146m9"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope 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In the background, you can see two other people working on crafts, and a table with a white tablecloth with craft supplies sitting on it." srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/POH_2025-03_Knitting-scaled.jpg 2400w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/POH_2025-03_Knitting-600x592.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/POH_2025-03_Knitting-1200x1184.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/POH_2025-03_Knitting-768x757.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/POH_2025-03_Knitting-1536x1515.jpg 1536w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/POH_2025-03_Knitting-2048x2020.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-meta"> <p>February 19, 2025</p> <p class="card-term">AHA Annual Meeting, Townhouse Notes</p> </div> <h5 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.historians.org/perspectives-article/recharging-your-disciplinary-battery/" title="Recharging Your Disciplinary Battery">Recharging Your Disciplinary Battery</a></h5> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post fl-post-grid-image-above-title fl-post-columns-post fl-post-align-default post-91066 perspectives-article type-perspectives-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry month-march perspectives-section-from-the-association post-type-advocacy post-type-history-education year-875" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/perspectives-article/aha-oah-statement-on-executive-order-ending-radical-indoctrination-in-k-12-schooling/" content="AHA–OAH Statement on Executive Order “Ending Radical Indoctrination in K–12 Schooling”" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" 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voices, research, and scholarship are essential in conversations about current events.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-rsmfzidv2kpq" data-node="rsmfzidv2kpq"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-pj6ua5c3hi70 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="pj6ua5c3hi70"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-bxepgd69q2mc fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="bxepgd69q2mc"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-nu8lvbogc5a7" data-node="nu8lvbogc5a7"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-g1o6c0rda8e3 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="g1o6c0rda8e3"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-ovx1gay8zq3k fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="ovx1gay8zq3k"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-te15icvqrydk fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="te15icvqrydk"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-rt5oeixw0ubh" data-node="rt5oeixw0ubh"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Teaching & Learning</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-6x1ja7z3ld0p fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width fl-visible-desktop 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data-node="b681upqzxwv0"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-hwrm0ts4k8eu" data-node="hwrm0ts4k8eu"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-11417 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5388-scaled.jpg" alt="Group reading at event" itemprop="image" height="1600" width="2400" title="Group reading at event" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5388-scaled.jpg 2400w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5388-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5388-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5388-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5388-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5388-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-1y9ca76f8wbd" data-node="1y9ca76f8wbd"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">K–12 Education</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-3r4asgw8e2hp" data-node="3r4asgw8e2hp"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA strives to ensure that every K–12 student has access to high quality history instruction. We create resources for the classroom, advise on state and federal policy, and advocate for the vital importance of history in public education.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-rfq87e39m4au simple-button" data-node="rfq87e39m4au"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/teaching-learning/k-12-education/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-zsj47ilymde8 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="zsj47ilymde8"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-nlahr7vks16u" data-node="nlahr7vks16u"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-14409 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-6-2018-190.jpg" alt="Portrait of AHA members" itemprop="image" height="800" width="1200" title="American Historical Association - 2018 Annual Meeting - Washington D.C. - January 6, 2018" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-6-2018-190.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-6-2018-190-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-6-2018-190-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-uc8kbhagsnjt" data-node="uc8kbhagsnjt"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Undergraduate Education</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-qnawkrghxpej" data-node="qnawkrghxpej"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Teaching and learning are at the foundation of the AHA’s mission to promote historical thinking in public life. What do students learn in undergraduate history courses? How and why are history majors so successful in a variety of careers?</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-dmsyc0oph52v simple-button" data-node="dmsyc0oph52v"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/teaching-learning/undergraduate-education/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-5x10au4whjkv fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="5x10au4whjkv"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-b7dfq0henyut" data-node="b7dfq0henyut"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-6966 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/future-meetings-aha25.jpg" alt="future-meetings-aha25" itemprop="image" height="800" width="1200" title="future-meetings-aha25" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/future-meetings-aha25.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/future-meetings-aha25-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/future-meetings-aha25-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-95hxck70b26u" data-node="95hxck70b26u"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Graduate Education</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-dyljuoznb5ks" data-node="dyljuoznb5ks"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Many historians will pursue graduate training at some stage in their career. To meet the needs of both students and graduate programs, the AHA creates resources, provides platforms, and convenes conversations about student success from application to completion.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-ax0v9dpctwr4 simple-button" data-node="ax0v9dpctwr4"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/teaching-learning/graduate-education/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-0v13lj7pfgry fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="0v13lj7pfgry"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-gskla1hutbr3 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width button-col" data-node="gskla1hutbr3"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-zcgw9kpi0tue fl-visible-mobile" data-node="zcgw9kpi0tue"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-right"> <a href="/teaching-learning/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More About Teaching & Learning</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-nr2yw36sz7dx fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="nr2yw36sz7dx"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-gb23hlpykzqt fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="gb23hlpykzqt"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-xhstdy2r8p97 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-contained river-image-content" data-node="xhstdy2r8p97"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-cqs7ixauhf9l fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="cqs7ixauhf9l"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-tloefmu2pb60 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="tloefmu2pb60"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-h7p9stbz3d64 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="h7p9stbz3d64"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-olih6920udca" data-node="olih6920udca"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Community & Careers</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-xn3vbcrtmw0f" data-node="xn3vbcrtmw0f"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA brings together historians from all specializations and all work contexts, embracing the breadth and variety of activity in history today.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-list fl-node-ev3hqnod2mip" data-node="ev3hqnod2mip"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-list fl-list-regular" role="list"> <div role="listitem" class="fl-list-item fl-list-item-0"> <div class="fl-list-item-wrapper"> <div class="fl-list-item-content"><span class="fl-list-item-content-icon"><span class="fl-list-item-icon"></span></span> <div class="fl-list-item-content-text"><p><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/awards-grants/">Awards &amp; Grants</a></p></div></div> </div> </div> <div role="listitem" class="fl-list-item fl-list-item-1"> <div class="fl-list-item-wrapper"> <div class="fl-list-item-content"><span class="fl-list-item-content-icon"><span class="fl-list-item-icon"></span></span> <div class="fl-list-item-content-text"><p><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/our-community/affiliated-societies/">Affiliated Societies</a></p></div></div> </div> </div> <div role="listitem" class="fl-list-item fl-list-item-2"> <div class="fl-list-item-wrapper"> <div class="fl-list-item-content"><span class="fl-list-item-content-icon"><span class="fl-list-item-icon"></span></span> <div class="fl-list-item-content-text"><p><a href="/community-careers/calls-for-opportunities/">Calls for Opportunities</a></p></div></div> </div> </div> <div role="listitem" class="fl-list-item fl-list-item-3"> <div class="fl-list-item-wrapper"> <div class="fl-list-item-content"><span class="fl-list-item-content-icon"><span class="fl-list-item-icon"></span></span> <div class="fl-list-item-content-text"><p><a href="/aha-career-center/">AHA Career Center</a></p></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-ihlj54pdkufc ghost-button" data-node="ihlj54pdkufc"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/community-careers/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-pw45qg1d0yem fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="pw45qg1d0yem"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-bt0aislhz2dc fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="bt0aislhz2dc"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-jcovh23n9dul fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-image-content invert" data-node="jcovh23n9dul"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-x26jfnlv30ba fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="x26jfnlv30ba"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-icj13lwfx0mb fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="icj13lwfx0mb"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-c9ua6h4nbstl fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="c9ua6h4nbstl"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-43cb7mhyts15" data-node="43cb7mhyts15"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Professional & Career Resources</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-moze31h49jul" data-node="moze31h49jul"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>As the leading professional association for historians in the United States, the AHA serves as a hub for information on jobs, careers, and employment in the historical discipline. The AHA provides guidance, information, and job listings for historians in all stages of their careers.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-e23o7fj4w90c" data-node="e23o7fj4w90c"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/community-careers/professional-career-resources/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-1i9psg6qorkw fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="1i9psg6qorkw"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-msxtaknc289l" data-node="msxtaknc289l"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-elzc5y2h14mt fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="elzc5y2h14mt"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-ywiktr9asdml fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="ywiktr9asdml"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-4w6o5mtrc1q8 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="4w6o5mtrc1q8"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-8qi06kgfcjvx" data-node="8qi06kgfcjvx"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Events & Opportunities</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-09bvt2anlz83 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width fl-visible-desktop fl-visible-large fl-visible-medium button-col" data-node="09bvt2anlz83"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-1ut8r0z5py4v" data-node="1ut8r0z5py4v"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-right"> <a href="/events/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">See All Events</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-mngzwafjl3ub fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="mngzwafjl3ub"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ga4y80v7kius fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-content-image" data-node="ga4y80v7kius"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-8c9dzlgyjbp1 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width fl-col-group-responsive-reversed" data-node="8c9dzlgyjbp1"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-5hlb1c67gjiz fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="5hlb1c67gjiz"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-ne85uxd7oyq9" data-node="ne85uxd7oyq9"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Symposia on Large Scale Research</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-9rkbzud4vg8m" data-node="9rkbzud4vg8m"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>In 2025, the AHA will co-host a series of three symposia on the possibilities and challenges of large-scale historical research. These symposia will explore the possibilities and challenges of large-scale historical research. The first symposium, "The Future of Research in the Age of AI," will take place on March 27–28, 2025, at the Museum of the Rockies at Montana State University in Bozeman, MT.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-9vknrej1iu3p ghost-button" data-node="9vknrej1iu3p"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/events/institutes-workshops/symposia-on-large-scale-research/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-1rzq42sm7pae fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="1rzq42sm7pae"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-aox7y16ep94v" data-node="aox7y16ep94v"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-3ogiupd24r8f fl-col-bg-color" data-node="3ogiupd24r8f"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-post-grid fl-node-sxfp61zi5wa4 feed-grid" data-node="sxfp61zi5wa4"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-post-grid" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Collection"> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post fl-post-align-default post-88604 event type-event status-publish hentry month-february event-type-webinar-virtual-event year-875" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/event/250-con-a-semiquincentennial-virtual-event/" content="250 Con: A Semiquincentennial Virtual Event" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-01-13" /><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2025-01-13" /><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="AHA"><div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AHA-logo-blue.svg"></div></div><div itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/news/author/yokoco/" /><meta itemprop="name" content="YokoCo" /></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/CommentAction" /><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="0" /></div><div class="facetwp-template" data-name="dynamic_feed_general"> <div class="dynamic-card feed-card clickable-col"> <div class="card-post-image placeholder"> <img decoding="async" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/manel-sean-U-1LOooJXVc-unsplash.jpg"> </div> <div class="card-content"> <p class="card-date">February 27 - 28, 2025</p> <h5 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.historians.org/event/250-con-a-semiquincentennial-virtual-event/" title="250 Con: A Semiquincentennial Virtual Event">250 Con: A Semiquincentennial Virtual Event</a></h5> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post fl-post-align-default post-88433 opportunity type-opportunity status-publish hentry month-march opportunity-type-call-for-grant-applications year-875" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/opportunity/otto-paul-pflanze-scholarship-2025/" content="Otto Paul Pflanze Scholarship 2025" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-01-10" /><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2025-01-13" /><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="AHA"><div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AHA-logo-blue.svg"></div></div><div itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/news/author/rwest-wp/" /><meta itemprop="name" content="Becky West" /></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/CommentAction" /><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="0" /></div><div class="facetwp-template" data-name="dynamic_feed_general"> <div class="dynamic-card feed-card clickable-col"> <div class="card-post-image placeholder"> <img decoding="async" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Gold-textured-background-scaled.jpg"> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-meta"> <p>Deadline: Mar 1, 2025</p> <p>Call for Grant Applications</p> </div> <h5 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.historians.org/opportunity/otto-paul-pflanze-scholarship-2025/" title="Otto Paul Pflanze Scholarship 2025">Otto Paul Pflanze Scholarship 2025</a></h5> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post fl-post-grid-image-above-title fl-post-columns-post fl-post-align-default post-88157 event type-event status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry aha-topic-k-12-education aha-topic-teaching-learning aha-topic-undergraduate-education month-march event-type-regional-conference year-875" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/event/virginia-conference-on-introductory-history-courses/" content="Virginia Conference on Introductory History Courses" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-12-18" /><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2025-02-21" /><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope 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