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Undergraduate Education - AHA

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What do students learn in undergraduate history courses? How and why are history majors so successful in a variety of careers? AHA initiatives substantiate the value of history, convene communities of practice, create resources for educators, and amplify creative and effective approaches. We invite you to join the conversation, whether in person, in print, or online.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-mx9hdsflgriu" data-node="mx9hdsflgriu"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-a7ipzv01wyxl fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols print-remove" data-node="a7ipzv01wyxl"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-cr5ga061z3ph fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="cr5ga061z3ph"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-clxwba7k38hs fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="clxwba7k38hs"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-html fl-node-6042e55408917 breadcrumb" data-node="6042e55408917"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-html"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumb"><ol class="breadcrumb" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemprop="item" itemid="https://www.historians.org" href="https://www.historians.org"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemprop="item" itemid="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/" href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/"><span itemprop="name">Teaching &#038; Learning</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><span itemprop="name">Undergraduate Education</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ol></nav></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-2lq8xedtacr1 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="2lq8xedtacr1"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-html fl-node-o6u2tkv47hpb share-buttons" data-node="o6u2tkv47hpb"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-html"> <!-- AddToAny BEGIN --> <div class="a2a_kit"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="a2a_button_linkedin"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin-in"></i></a> <a class="a2a_button_x"><i class="fa-brands fa-twitter"></i></a> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><i class="fa-solid fa-share-nodes"></i></a> </div> <script async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script> <!-- AddToAny END --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="fl-main-content" class="fl-page-content" itemprop="mainContentOfPage" role="main"> <div class="fl-content-full container"> <div class="row"> <div class="fl-content col-md-12"> <article class="fl-post post-2144 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" id="fl-post-2144" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <div class="fl-post-content clearfix" itemprop="text"> <div class="fl-builder-content fl-builder-content-2144 fl-builder-content-primary fl-builder-global-templates-locked" data-post-id="2144"><div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-xt85w4unmp9r fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="xt85w4unmp9r"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-612gripv584q" data-node="612gripv584q"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-962ow80tgzq7 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="962ow80tgzq7"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-b9c1y23kdf7w fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="b9c1y23kdf7w"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-a53bvlkr40cy fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="a53bvlkr40cy"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-1okh4n5c09fq" data-node="1okh4n5c09fq"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">The Value of a History Degree</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-pszl8od0th7g fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="pszl8od0th7g"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-cq0jf1lz5ob7 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-content-image" data-node="cq0jf1lz5ob7"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-8undm7zybi06 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width fl-col-group-responsive-reversed" data-node="8undm7zybi06"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-dt1ea78c3zbh fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="dt1ea78c3zbh"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-ji1c56k79do3" data-node="ji1c56k79do3"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Careers for History Majors</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-i8h9ersjbf5k" data-node="i8h9ersjbf5k"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Learning history lays the groundwork for future success. We’ve gathered data, advice, and personal stories to show what a degree in history can do for you.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-l1n6q9vek50o ghost-button" data-node="l1n6q9vek50o"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/aha-booklets/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Order the Booklet</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-m9knu4vx3gdt fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="m9knu4vx3gdt"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-kibyrjdnmupw" data-node="kibyrjdnmupw"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-r2j0umig67st fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images three-cards" data-node="r2j0umig67st"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-aiqhkm4o5nv1 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="aiqhkm4o5nv1"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-mtpe0lx57i9o fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="mtpe0lx57i9o"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-khof1z54dc3u" data-node="khof1z54dc3u"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-49736 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-4-2018-008.jpg" alt="&quot;Undergraduate Orientation to the Meeting&quot;" itemprop="image" height="800" width="1200" title="American Historical Association - 2018 Annual Meeting - Washington D.C. - January 4, 2018" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-4-2018-008.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-4-2018-008-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-4-2018-008-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-8eyzxpib09f7" data-node="8eyzxpib09f7"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">In Their Own Words</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-g86fmicjh0tn" data-node="g86fmicjh0tn"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>What is the value of a history degree? Read testimonials from history majors.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-xu637gwlksrc simple-button" data-node="xu637gwlksrc"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/undergraduate-education/in-their-own-words/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-0wizcreqktog fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="0wizcreqktog"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-dk3h0mw6sr4u" data-node="dk3h0mw6sr4u"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-77970 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash.jpg" alt="the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash" itemprop="image" height="1280" width="1920" title="the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash.jpg 1920w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-sp6mwk5xygqe" data-node="sp6mwk5xygqe"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Department Advocacy Toolkit</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-kln4gosw92j7" data-node="kln4gosw92j7"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA has assembled this toolkit to help departments, administrators, advisers, and students navigate the AHA’s library of resources in order to better articulate the value of studying and majoring in history.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-8ne5ygi9f1tc simple-button" data-node="8ne5ygi9f1tc"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/resource/department-advocacy-toolkit/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-cv6ayewrxnpz fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="cv6ayewrxnpz"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-m0jbzt4a9pfl" data-node="m0jbzt4a9pfl"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-utlekfah9swg fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="utlekfah9swg"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-mzcnfv4ei28g fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="mzcnfv4ei28g"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-lrgsqjnbm1a7 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="lrgsqjnbm1a7"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-b4gwe9l36cpj" data-node="b4gwe9l36cpj"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">What Do Students Learn in History Courses?</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-h1nkgbd93y47 fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="h1nkgbd93y47"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-0zkg7t5ja9vp fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-content-image" data-node="0zkg7t5ja9vp"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-2kgombv37zdc fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width fl-col-group-responsive-reversed" data-node="2kgombv37zdc"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-75rd8lmea0uj fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="75rd8lmea0uj"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-zjes5pk7hxga" data-node="zjes5pk7hxga"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Tuning the History Discipline</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-kg0v1ruic3ml" data-node="kg0v1ruic3ml"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA’s Tuning Project (2012-16) asked historians to clarify and demystify the core goals and the key skills pursued in our discipline. Working collaboratively across more than 150 two- and four-year colleges and universities in the United States, accomplished history faculty convened to answer a basic question: when students complete a program in history, what should they know, understand, and be able to do?</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-vy0mb3cw2lq9 ghost-button" data-node="vy0mb3cw2lq9"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/undergraduate-education/core-learning-outcomes-in-history/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-094fbqmx6ryg fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="094fbqmx6ryg"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-udncskvrzj1b" data-node="udncskvrzj1b"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-iqyrt1zde7wu fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images two-cards" data-node="iqyrt1zde7wu"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-t07dzjrbaxko fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="t07dzjrbaxko"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-m8y4jtsg0e1z fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="m8y4jtsg0e1z"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-kp8dsqlyx5mz" data-node="kp8dsqlyx5mz"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-11058 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/louis-hansel-bPMyJzKhCyA-unsplash.jpg" alt="Halved apple on red background" itemprop="image" height="1280" width="1920" title="louis-hansel-bPMyJzKhCyA-unsplash" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/louis-hansel-bPMyJzKhCyA-unsplash.jpg 1920w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/louis-hansel-bPMyJzKhCyA-unsplash-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/louis-hansel-bPMyJzKhCyA-unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/louis-hansel-bPMyJzKhCyA-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/louis-hansel-bPMyJzKhCyA-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-y3rg4jzlhabw" data-node="y3rg4jzlhabw"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">History Discipline Core</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-kraxm4w1qbyh" data-node="kraxm4w1qbyh"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>What do students learn in history courses? The culmination of years of collaboration and research, this statement summarizes key skills, knowledge, and habits of mind at the core of our discipline.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-6cd1v3hru4y0 simple-button" data-node="6cd1v3hru4y0"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/resource/history-discipline-core/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Read Now</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-paue1hm3fbgn fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="paue1hm3fbgn"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-drqefyskb8mi" data-node="drqefyskb8mi"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-77970 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash.jpg" alt="the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash" itemprop="image" height="1280" width="1920" title="the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash.jpg 1920w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-jopwell-collection-0UnuYI_HrTA-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-5o2ixewcqdmg" data-node="5o2ixewcqdmg"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Programs of Study</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-ldjnqfs65xwg" data-node="ldjnqfs65xwg"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Tuning participants wrote descriptions of history degree programs across the country at different types of institutions. The profiles communicate the purpose and characteristics of each program, what students can expect to learn, and what careers graduates tend to pursue.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-two1vbjrkmq8 simple-button" data-node="two1vbjrkmq8"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/aha-resource-library/?_resource_type=program-of-study" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-04es7ovl13hd fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="04es7ovl13hd"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-26jn7zcexg14 fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="26jn7zcexg14"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-eomt96vh73li fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-image-content invert" data-node="eomt96vh73li"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-vrpu7tzdsqbe fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="vrpu7tzdsqbe"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-9hdno1jwtpkg fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="9hdno1jwtpkg"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-68g59d0abuwj fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="68g59d0abuwj"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-8ox73n4k0jd5" data-node="8ox73n4k0jd5"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Academic Department Resources</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-xsm189ui3rkt" data-node="xsm189ui3rkt"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA provides resources and hosts a variety of events and opportunities to benefit department chairs and build community, including webinars, sessions at the annual meeting, and an in-person workshop.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-p5h9f2kg04rn" data-node="p5h9f2kg04rn"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/professional-career-resources/academic-department-resources/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Access the Resources</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-qgze38h5jypl fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="qgze38h5jypl"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-94iem7gvj6py" data-node="94iem7gvj6py"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-3u1txj8vwh9a fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="3u1txj8vwh9a"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-lvo4ymexb6k5 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="lvo4ymexb6k5"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-f79u0t4j68pe fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="f79u0t4j68pe"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-rlvdhugf75m1" data-node="rlvdhugf75m1"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Reconsidering the Introductory History Course</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-sigv9o2cw35t fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="sigv9o2cw35t"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-1uv4h97dserg fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-content-image" data-node="1uv4h97dserg"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-0a237yrhb1m8 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width fl-col-group-responsive-reversed" data-node="0a237yrhb1m8"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-c6sixzotuwry fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="c6sixzotuwry"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-wxohgec05416" data-node="wxohgec05416"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">History Gateways</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-zaqsmwdx7rfo" data-node="zaqsmwdx7rfo"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA’s History Gateways initiative explores strategies for improving introductory college-level history courses to better prepare students from all backgrounds for success in a complex society.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-8uiqoy39bgze ghost-button" data-node="8uiqoy39bgze"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/undergraduate-education/reconsidering-the-introductory-history-course/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-drti2v3xo7sn fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="drti2v3xo7sn"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-w1pncftym08z" data-node="w1pncftym08z"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-goi35t9pvc0x fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images two-cards" data-node="goi35t9pvc0x"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-tv2klqf7dus4 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="tv2klqf7dus4"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-9x3w2g7cloq4 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="9x3w2g7cloq4"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-bfpi8yuan3m7" data-node="bfpi8yuan3m7"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-78987 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/History-Gateways-Cover-scaled.jpg" alt="History Gateways Cover" itemprop="image" height="2400" width="1553" title="History Gateways Cover" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/History-Gateways-Cover-scaled.jpg 1553w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/History-Gateways-Cover-388x600.jpg 388w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/History-Gateways-Cover-777x1200.jpg 777w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/History-Gateways-Cover-768x1187.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/History-Gateways-Cover-994x1536.jpg 994w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/History-Gateways-Cover-1325x2048.jpg 1325w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1553px) 100vw, 1553px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-temy5sd72vbx" data-node="temy5sd72vbx"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">New Booklet on Introductory History Courses</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-vja9k5ctxugr" data-node="vja9k5ctxugr"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA's new <a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/aha-booklets/">booklet</a>, <a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/designing-introductory-history-courses-for-student-success-9780872291430?lang=en&amp;cc=us" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Designing Introductory History Courses for Student Success</em></a>, collects data and perspectives on what instructional faculty and other higher education decision-makers can do to put the history discipline to work for today's students.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-ui0jhlzg95m7 simple-button" data-node="ui0jhlzg95m7"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/designing-introductory-history-courses-for-student-success-9780872291430?lang=en&#038;cc=us" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Order the Booklet</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-6fyzr3dw7kqa fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="6fyzr3dw7kqa"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-idrl9ek3a67z" data-node="idrl9ek3a67z"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-17161 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/History-Gateways-1.jpg" alt="Meeting Documentation" itemprop="image" height="1605" width="2400" title="American Historical Association History Gateways Launch - April 10, 2019" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/History-Gateways-1.jpg 2400w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/History-Gateways-1-600x401.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/History-Gateways-1-1200x803.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/History-Gateways-1-768x514.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/History-Gateways-1-1536x1027.jpg 1536w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/History-Gateways-1-2048x1370.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-eiqvo5dnb38w" data-node="eiqvo5dnb38w"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">History Gateways Resources</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-ry5gmxzh2036" data-node="ry5gmxzh2036"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Recommended readings on introductory history courses.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-1tvm86syzuir simple-button" data-node="1tvm86syzuir"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/resource/history-gateways-resources/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Access the Resources</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-9h7t2yaonqur fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="9h7t2yaonqur"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-8j6e94mkvpxq fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="8j6e94mkvpxq"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-n9lwtz6rkce7 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-image-content" data-node="n9lwtz6rkce7"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-5tun73rmgvaq fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="5tun73rmgvaq"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-by2el6zso1cr fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="by2el6zso1cr"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-synahwv8cudb fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="synahwv8cudb"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-b3c9x2g1fqyk" data-node="b3c9x2g1fqyk"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Teaching History with Integrity</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-27gmcv5rebta" data-node="27gmcv5rebta"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Through Teaching History with Integrity, the AHA leads or participates in several initiatives to provide resources and support for history educators facing intensifying controversies about the teaching of the American past. Historians have a crucial role to play as participants in public deliberations about how to engage students in truthful and rigorous inquiry in history classrooms.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-3scmvbwifl72 ghost-button" data-node="3scmvbwifl72"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Read More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-x82jlm4qwypo fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="x82jlm4qwypo"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-ksr26lw4f8zb" data-node="ksr26lw4f8zb"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-c2l04ko61gpa fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="c2l04ko61gpa"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-ckqvip2b3m0r fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="ckqvip2b3m0r"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-pumvn4h2jgw6 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="pumvn4h2jgw6"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-t9p7dycgn81j" data-node="t9p7dycgn81j"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Supporting Two-Year Colleges</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-jtrgpxcqfhok fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="jtrgpxcqfhok"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-e3gtmnkp9b2u fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-content-image" data-node="e3gtmnkp9b2u"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-7ufxzi2c6mbd fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width fl-col-group-responsive-reversed" data-node="7ufxzi2c6mbd"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-somb4yh3vr5g fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="somb4yh3vr5g"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-7bj30z21y6mq" data-node="7bj30z21y6mq"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Community Colleges</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-8xuo6bpj34nh" data-node="8xuo6bpj34nh"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA supports two-year college history faculty and students through relevant online and in-person programming, publications, advocacy, and member benefits. Learn how our initiatives amplify the efforts of this vital constituency.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-lwa6b4x8q5yu ghost-button" data-node="lwa6b4x8q5yu"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/undergraduate-education/community-colleges/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-4kd530wyxmoh fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="4kd530wyxmoh"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-eckm2qi8yas6" data-node="eckm2qi8yas6"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-e6701mvsx94o fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images two-cards" data-node="e6701mvsx94o"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-9jev7khzfabd fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="9jev7khzfabd"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-yrsoudcavhb3 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="yrsoudcavhb3"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-oc9n0zkb5j81" data-node="oc9n0zkb5j81"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-11219 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Wood-Carving-of-a-Tall-Ship-scaled.jpg" alt="Painted wood carving of tall ship" itemprop="image" height="2139" width="2400" title="Stock_2024_Ship" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Wood-Carving-of-a-Tall-Ship-scaled.jpg 2400w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Wood-Carving-of-a-Tall-Ship-600x535.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Wood-Carving-of-a-Tall-Ship-1200x1070.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Wood-Carving-of-a-Tall-Ship-768x685.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Wood-Carving-of-a-Tall-Ship-1536x1369.jpg 1536w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Wood-Carving-of-a-Tall-Ship-2048x1825.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-z3muhlwfp8n4" data-node="z3muhlwfp8n4"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Globalizing the US History Survey</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-3qfd7ouj5pya" data-node="3qfd7ouj5pya"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA hosted a professional development program in 2012-2016 to promote a global perspective on US history at the country’s increasingly diverse two-year institutions.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-j7sd80fbwigm simple-button" data-node="j7sd80fbwigm"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/undergraduate-education/community-colleges/globalizing-the-us-history-survey/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-twshnv3128ub fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="twshnv3128ub"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-9y2rdjzlw85g" data-node="9y2rdjzlw85g"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-33589 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/earlyamericamap-300x249.jpg" alt="earlyamericamap" itemprop="image" height="249" width="300" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-rm4tefc5knuz" data-node="rm4tefc5knuz"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Globalizing the US History Survey: Resources</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-x1mpkzvunl53" data-node="x1mpkzvunl53"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Participants created or revised US history courses with lessons, units, and other work to deepen teaching on the US in the world.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-cvhwkqgx6zse simple-button" data-node="cvhwkqgx6zse"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/undergraduate-education/community-colleges/globalizing-the-us-history-survey/globalizing-the-us-history-survey-resources/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Access the Resources</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-qakzme29pgnb fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="qakzme29pgnb"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-1sopwbvltu2d fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="1sopwbvltu2d"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-c2nvxzma4d6r fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-image-content invert" data-node="c2nvxzma4d6r"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-zqak2lx45ju6 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="zqak2lx45ju6"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-gsy6xjru4co3 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="gsy6xjru4co3"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-x8mp3f0e54sy fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="x8mp3f0e54sy"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-7sypgib5xoh9" data-node="7sypgib5xoh9"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Directory of History Departments and Organizations</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-b4380muoad2l" data-node="b4380muoad2l"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Our Directory of History Departments and Organizations features comprehensive information about historians and programs. The AHA Directory Online provides for detailed searching of faculty/staff and their field specializations, as well as the ability to do benchmarking comparisons between departments.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-7w39udkxlpzm" data-node="7w39udkxlpzm"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/directories/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Access the Directory</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-gn7v8xpe4zrk fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="gn7v8xpe4zrk"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-zupxnv5qi60e" data-node="zupxnv5qi60e"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-xa9781jdu0fv fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="xa9781jdu0fv"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-zkgfvu3oyt85 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="zkgfvu3oyt85"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-p2v6drsj48fh fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="p2v6drsj48fh"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-wj24aubmdiok" data-node="wj24aubmdiok"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Online Events</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-t6mzoy1xfw45 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width button-col" data-node="t6mzoy1xfw45"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-qa0f46ei5dv8" data-node="qa0f46ei5dv8"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-right"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-events-calendar/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">View All Events</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-7b6feyatvpx5" data-node="7b6feyatvpx5"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-2zsmg7j6a5ky fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images two-cards" data-node="2zsmg7j6a5ky"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-sugbxq65lkt1 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="sugbxq65lkt1"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-xqcwus1rnfmb fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="xqcwus1rnfmb"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-fy0498tqr76j" data-node="fy0498tqr76j"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-png"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-11295 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/AHA-Learn.png" alt="AHA Learn Logo" itemprop="image" height="1294" width="1500" title="AHA Learn Logo" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/AHA-Learn.png 1500w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/AHA-Learn-600x518.png 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/AHA-Learn-1200x1035.png 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/AHA-Learn-768x663.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-lcsm2qbevkd4" data-node="lcsm2qbevkd4"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">AHA Learn</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-nso2pwk9ajfe" data-node="nso2pwk9ajfe"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Are you interested in the latest conversations about teaching and learning? Join us for our regular series of online programs that are free and open to the public.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-u965aezdvnoj simple-button" data-node="u965aezdvnoj"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-online/aha-learn/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-w4ge7yzm23bd fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="w4ge7yzm23bd"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-itrfhwged4lm" data-node="itrfhwged4lm"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-49705 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-5-2018-134.jpg" alt="&quot;Digital Drop-In&quot;" itemprop="image" height="800" width="1200" title="American Historical Association - 2018 Annual Meeting - Washington D.C. - January 5, 2018" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-5-2018-134.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-5-2018-134-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/American-Historical-Association-2018-Annual-Meeting-Washington-D.C.-January-5-2018-134-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-q6xmfv8prjgt" data-node="q6xmfv8prjgt"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Online Programs for Department Chairs</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-n9w802a3smk1" data-node="n9w802a3smk1"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Since 2020, AHA has hosted a regular series of online webinars to support the work of history department chairs. The webinars are small group discussions facilitated by experienced department chairs on topics related to the faculty-facing, student-facing, and administrative-facing work of chairs.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-ybqske526wmc simple-button" data-node="ybqske526wmc"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-online/online-programs-for-department-chairs/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-itoc6jhbgnqf" data-node="itoc6jhbgnqf"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-yhxkpe4oabgs fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images two-cards" data-node="yhxkpe4oabgs"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-o1h7m9fcu5in fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="o1h7m9fcu5in"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-sgfvan741dk0 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="sgfvan741dk0"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-106itq2x54sb" data-node="106itq2x54sb"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-75606 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/esma-SmYcPgbZakk-unsplash.jpg" alt="esma-SmYcPgbZakk-unsplash" itemprop="image" height="2400" width="1800" title="esma-SmYcPgbZakk-unsplash" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/esma-SmYcPgbZakk-unsplash.jpg 1800w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/esma-SmYcPgbZakk-unsplash-450x600.jpg 450w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/esma-SmYcPgbZakk-unsplash-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/esma-SmYcPgbZakk-unsplash-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/esma-SmYcPgbZakk-unsplash-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/esma-SmYcPgbZakk-unsplash-1536x2048.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-mfjpxiy8wt60" data-node="mfjpxiy8wt60"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Online Teacher Institutes</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-12k0fqi8waeh" data-node="12k0fqi8waeh"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA hosts online professional development programs for educators, including middle and high school teachers and 2- and 4-year college faculty.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-lyjfdbi9v31t simple-button" data-node="lyjfdbi9v31t"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-online/online-teacher-institutes/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-9xfsj5chg4ld fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="9xfsj5chg4ld"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-1hatiyxm0q4c fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="1hatiyxm0q4c"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-5t7fcvj0x6k8" data-node="5t7fcvj0x6k8"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-i48y1rzph2js fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="i48y1rzph2js"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-znm8fp2e4bc6 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="znm8fp2e4bc6"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-pnuimg01rkyx fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="pnuimg01rkyx"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-j6pibeafd3h8" data-node="j6pibeafd3h8"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Conferences & Workshops</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-fead7lc4h3vw fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width button-col" data-node="fead7lc4h3vw"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-5vgql9us7zk6" data-node="5vgql9us7zk6"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-right"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-events-calendar/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">View All Events</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-6n7eiy0dxhp1 fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="6n7eiy0dxhp1"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-kvyf68s1q70j fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-contained river-image-content" data-node="kvyf68s1q70j"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-826fj9v1unrt fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width fl-col-group-responsive-reversed" data-node="826fj9v1unrt"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-nl5wjkuyi7h3 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="nl5wjkuyi7h3"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-2fb5w09m8xtj fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="2fb5w09m8xtj"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-xqtkzv3nm2y1" data-node="xqtkzv3nm2y1"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Undergraduates at the Annual Meeting</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-iuocsxep4751" data-node="iuocsxep4751"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Information on undergraduate sessions and resources for students interested in attending the annual meeting.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-list fl-node-agks01o47w9m" data-node="agks01o47w9m"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-list fl-list-regular" role="list"> <div role="listitem" class="fl-list-item fl-list-item-0"> <div class="fl-list-item-wrapper"> <div class="fl-list-item-content"><span class="fl-list-item-content-icon"><span class="fl-list-item-icon"></span></span> <div class="fl-list-item-content-text"><p><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/annual-meeting/resources-and-guides/undergraduates-at-the-annual-meeting/presenting-undergraduate-research-at-the-annual-meeting/">Present Your Research</a></p></div></div> </div> </div> <div role="listitem" class="fl-list-item fl-list-item-1"> <div class="fl-list-item-wrapper"> <div class="fl-list-item-content"><span class="fl-list-item-content-icon"><span class="fl-list-item-icon"></span></span> <div class="fl-list-item-content-text"><p><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/annual-meeting/resources-and-guides/undergraduates-at-the-annual-meeting/guide-to-navigating-the-annual-meeting-as-an-undergraduate/">Guide to Navigating the Annual Meeting as an Undergraduate</a></p></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-nsr46jmuvhdg ghost-button" data-node="nsr46jmuvhdg"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/perspectives-article/undergraduates-at-the-aha-annual-meeting-october-2013/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-0echqknsv5zo" data-node="0echqknsv5zo"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-u315w8m62zbo fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images three-cards" data-node="u315w8m62zbo"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-fp8ic7me3051 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="fp8ic7me3051"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-yjaezgm7o2bu fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="yjaezgm7o2bu"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-p3cr2971hx4l" data-node="p3cr2971hx4l"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-17083 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5871-scaled.jpg" alt="THEP_5871" itemprop="image" height="1600" width="2400" title="THEP_5871" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5871-scaled.jpg 2400w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5871-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5871-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5871-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5871-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/THEP_5871-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-bhijzkwco3xp" data-node="bhijzkwco3xp"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Regional Conferences on Introductory History Courses</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-iof6w02l4x73" data-node="iof6w02l4x73"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Our regional conferences endeavor to strengthen the community of practice focused on introductory history courses, both in secondary and higher education.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-puhcir82fqey simple-button" data-node="puhcir82fqey"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/events/regional-conferences-workshops/aha-regional-conferences/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Upcoming Conferences</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-sk5067nz2u3g fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="sk5067nz2u3g"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-md1u94fxgknq" data-node="md1u94fxgknq"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-45096 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/DSC_2070.jpg" alt="DSC_2070" itemprop="image" height="799" width="1200" title="DSC_2070" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/DSC_2070.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/DSC_2070-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/DSC_2070-768x511.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-xybklz8ojqse" data-node="xybklz8ojqse"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Annual Department Chairs' Workshop</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-ju78fty905wd" data-node="ju78fty905wd"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Are you facing the professional challenge of serving as department chair? The AHA offers an annual in-person Chairs' Workshop.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-9i0p3hrowat8 simple-button" data-node="9i0p3hrowat8"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-online/annual-department-chairs-workshop/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-zxgdjeu4hsw2 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="zxgdjeu4hsw2"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-ocypf3rg18is" data-node="ocypf3rg18is"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ndfitgpkrq6m fl-col-bg-color" data-node="ndfitgpkrq6m"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-cta fl-node-f0mtlecn67sb" data-node="f0mtlecn67sb"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-cta-wrap fl-cta-stacked fl-cta-center"> <div class="fl-cta-text"> <h3 class="fl-cta-title">Institutional & Student Memberships</h3> <div class="fl-cta-text-content"><p>The AHA is committed to helping leaders navigate the challenges facing the discipline of history at colleges and universities, as well as in libraries, archives, and K–12 schools. Institutional members can purchase discounted student memberships for only $30 each.</p> </div> </div> <div class="fl-cta-button"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/institutional-membership/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Join Now</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-p52lw9v7ujzg fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="p52lw9v7ujzg"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-oh4esk6ti5qc" data-node="oh4esk6ti5qc"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-zaytbli3frh8 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="zaytbli3frh8"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-4x9qed0b6kou fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="4x9qed0b6kou"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-sx1vlot8i236 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="sx1vlot8i236"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-5vpxcekbq291" data-node="5vpxcekbq291"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Resources for Educators</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-1z5jv0kfmr8h fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width button-col" data-node="1z5jv0kfmr8h"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-xd0ciyzosn2r" data-node="xd0ciyzosn2r"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-right"> <a href="" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-c9fda627vbp5 fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="c9fda627vbp5"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ythx90e7kqfb fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-image-content" data-node="ythx90e7kqfb"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-bvoyzxgksqr6 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="bvoyzxgksqr6"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-f8vmk6d9uhxa fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="f8vmk6d9uhxa"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-rpe14h9cxs70 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="rpe14h9cxs70"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-c1bnp07mqe9t" data-node="c1bnp07mqe9t"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Teaching Things: Material Culture in the History Classroom</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-9sc0wpgkj416" data-node="9sc0wpgkj416"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p><em>Teaching Things: Material Culture in the History Classroom</em> is a new, National Endowment for the Humanities–funded project at the American Historical Association. The digital <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/teaching-things/object-library/">Object Library</a> helps teachers identify material culture sources for classroom use and includes ready-made resources and materials that teachers can use to craft lesson plans to fit their curriculum. <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/teaching-things/teaching-toolkits/">Teaching Toolkits</a> offer plug-and-play resources featuring object-based lessons across fields, time periods, and geographic spaces.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-bgkqsxlprjzn ghost-button" data-node="bgkqsxlprjzn"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/teaching-things/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-riyw576ezbvl" data-node="riyw576ezbvl"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-fwks2vxu43dt fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images three-cards" data-node="fwks2vxu43dt"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-s17do5lrv3ne fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="s17do5lrv3ne"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-mjvxbw23opu5 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="mjvxbw23opu5"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-5nzig8bqt9k3" data-node="5nzig8bqt9k3"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-13370 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/zach-camp-o2Hi9tMor7g-unsplash.jpg" alt="zach-camp-o2Hi9tMor7g-unsplash" itemprop="image" height="1600" width="2400" title="zach-camp-o2Hi9tMor7g-unsplash" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/zach-camp-o2Hi9tMor7g-unsplash.jpg 2400w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/zach-camp-o2Hi9tMor7g-unsplash-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/zach-camp-o2Hi9tMor7g-unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/zach-camp-o2Hi9tMor7g-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/zach-camp-o2Hi9tMor7g-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/zach-camp-o2Hi9tMor7g-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-1gfa760yrtxv" data-node="1gfa760yrtxv"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Why Study History</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-0muv1wptn64a" data-node="0muv1wptn64a"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Any subject of study needs justification. Read this classic essay from Peter N. Stearns about why we continue to look to the past to understand the world around us.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-f4kot0zijqwa simple-button" data-node="f4kot0zijqwa"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/resource/why-study-history-1998/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Access the Resources</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ktx9w0v8ci75 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="ktx9w0v8ci75"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-9ia6fpwx1toc" data-node="9ia6fpwx1toc"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-12872 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/HistoricalPodcasts_figure1.jpeg" alt="A L-shaped desk with speakers, microphones, headsets, computers, and chairs." itemprop="image" height="1536" width="2048" title="AHR_2023_HistoricalPodcasts" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/HistoricalPodcasts_figure1.jpeg 2048w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/HistoricalPodcasts_figure1-600x450.jpeg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/HistoricalPodcasts_figure1-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/HistoricalPodcasts_figure1-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/HistoricalPodcasts_figure1-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-40nbm1so3fp6" data-node="40nbm1so3fp6"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">#AHRSyllabus</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-l87doa0cf39r" data-node="l87doa0cf39r"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The #AHRSyllabus is a collaborative project from the <em>American Historical Review</em> designed to help teachers and students look "under the hood" at how historians in the early 21st century do the work of history. Each contribution to the syllabus features a practical hands-on teaching module that foregrounds innovative uses of historical method in the classroom.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-avf10oluqm8z simple-button" data-node="avf10oluqm8z"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/american-historical-review/ahrsyllabus/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-w1bt8mxzga9c fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="w1bt8mxzga9c"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-fh5ya4umqtig fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="fh5ya4umqtig"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ebfslyx3t578 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-content-image invert" data-node="ebfslyx3t578"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-omp49uiwbj2h fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width fl-col-group-responsive-reversed" data-node="omp49uiwbj2h"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ilvnwrgya0zb fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="ilvnwrgya0zb"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-bvoqar2pzi6c" data-node="bvoqar2pzi6c"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">AHA Resource Library</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-r9vgf74th3sj" data-node="r9vgf74th3sj"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA’s Resource Library includes hundreds of resources developed or vetted by the AHA and our partners. Our resources range from classroom syllabi, to archival documents from the Civil War, to standards and guidelines for the discipline, and much more.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-nqzufvb14apw" data-node="nqzufvb14apw"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/aha-resource-library/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Access the Resources</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-4mfu2ip0vbk7 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="4mfu2ip0vbk7"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- .fl-post-content --> </article> <!-- .fl-post --> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- .fl-page-content --> <div 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