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Why History Matters - AHA

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fl-node-m1d2jilk5vsa" data-node="m1d2jilk5vsa"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-2917csw3dtqu fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="2917csw3dtqu"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-rz81i6og49h5 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="rz81i6og49h5"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-l6eubp095yvr fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="l6eubp095yvr"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-e5hgkux2m0ri" data-node="e5hgkux2m0ri"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Why Study History</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-24b9xpof3c0u fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="24b9xpof3c0u"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-j70vf9s62k83 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-image-content" data-node="j70vf9s62k83"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-cm4qwuzipxvn fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="cm4qwuzipxvn"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-3bmxludg84kt fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="3bmxludg84kt"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-jxcbdyesk846 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="jxcbdyesk846"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-hbndi2rljevo" data-node="hbndi2rljevo"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Historical Thinking in Everyday Life</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-2xhiy9ldtmuf" data-node="2xhiy9ldtmuf"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA offers resources for educators and students on the importance of studying history, and reflections on why learning about the past helps us understand the present.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-t5vxjnm6hzbu ghost-button" data-node="t5vxjnm6hzbu"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/why-study-history/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-xych076mtzau" data-node="xych076mtzau"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-u9rzhe1ikg0n fl-col-bg-color" data-node="u9rzhe1ikg0n"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-post-grid fl-node-qvk6brp5gues feed-grid" data-node="qvk6brp5gues"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-post-grid" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Collection"> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post fl-post-grid-image-above-title fl-post-columns-post fl-post-align-default post-14274 resource type-resource status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry aha-topic-aha-initiatives-projects aha-topic-career-paths aha-topic-graduate-education aha-topic-professional-life resource-type-aha-resource resource-type-for-departments resource-type-for-professional-development resource-type-video" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/resource/what-i-do-personal-narratives/" content="What I Do: Personal Narratives" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-06-13" /><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-06-13" /><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="AHA"><div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AHA-logo-blue.svg"></div></div><div itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/news/author/alevy-wpwww-historians-org/" /><meta itemprop="name" content="Alex Levy" /></div><div itemscope itemprop="image" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Abstract-lego-wall-scaled.jpg" /><meta itemprop="width" content="1800" /><meta itemprop="height" content="2400" /></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/CommentAction" /><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="0" /></div><div class="facetwp-template" data-name="dynamic_feed_general"> <div class="dynamic-card feed-card clickable-col"> <div class="card-post-image"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1800" height="2400" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Abstract-lego-wall-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Legos of many colors fitted together in a large rectangle." srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Abstract-lego-wall-scaled.jpg 1800w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Abstract-lego-wall-450x600.jpg 450w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Abstract-lego-wall-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Abstract-lego-wall-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Abstract-lego-wall-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Abstract-lego-wall-1536x2048.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px" /> </div> <div class="card-content"> <p class="card-date">June 13, 2019</p> <h5 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.historians.org/resource/what-i-do-personal-narratives/" title="What I Do: Personal Narratives">What I Do: Personal Narratives</a></h5> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post fl-post-grid-image-above-title fl-post-columns-post fl-post-align-default post-15235 resource type-resource status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry aha-topic-academic-departmental-affairs aha-topic-career-paths aha-topic-professional-life aha-topic-teaching-learning aha-topic-history-major aha-topic-undergraduate-education resource-type-aha-resource resource-type-booklet resource-type-essay resource-type-for-departments resource-type-for-professional-development resource-type-for-the-classroom thematic-taxonomy-research-methods thematic-taxonomy-teaching-methods" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/resource/careers-for-history-majors/" content="Careers for History Majors" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2018-10-21" /><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-05-31" /><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="AHA"><div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AHA-logo-blue.svg"></div></div><div itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/news/author/alevy-wpwww-historians-org/" /><meta itemprop="name" content="Alex Levy" /></div><div itemscope itemprop="image" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/dom-fou-YRMWVcdyhmI-unsplash.jpg" /><meta itemprop="width" content="1920" /><meta itemprop="height" content="1440" /></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/CommentAction" /><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="0" /></div><div class="facetwp-template" data-name="dynamic_feed_general"> <div class="dynamic-card feed-card clickable-col"> <div class="card-post-image"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1440" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/dom-fou-YRMWVcdyhmI-unsplash.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Students in a class at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland. Dom Fou/Unsplash." srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/dom-fou-YRMWVcdyhmI-unsplash.jpg 1920w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/dom-fou-YRMWVcdyhmI-unsplash-600x450.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/dom-fou-YRMWVcdyhmI-unsplash-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/dom-fou-YRMWVcdyhmI-unsplash-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/dom-fou-YRMWVcdyhmI-unsplash-1536x1152.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> <div class="card-content"> <p class="card-date">October 21, 2018</p> <h5 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.historians.org/resource/careers-for-history-majors/" title="Careers for History Majors">Careers for History Majors</a></h5> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post fl-post-grid-image-above-title fl-post-columns-post fl-post-align-default post-20576 resource type-resource status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry aha-topic-graduate-education aha-topic-k-12-education aha-topic-teaching-learning resource-type-aha-archival-document resource-type-essay thematic-taxonomy-history-of-the-discipline thematic-taxonomy-teaching-methods" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/resource/why-study-history-1998/" content="Why Study History? (1998)" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="1998-01-01" /><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-08-30" /><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="AHA"><div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AHA-logo-blue.svg"></div></div><div itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/news/author/smcfarlane-wp/" /><meta itemprop="name" content="Scot McFarlane" /></div><div itemscope itemprop="image" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_1673.jpeg" /><meta itemprop="width" content="2048" /><meta itemprop="height" content="1536" /></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/CommentAction" /><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="0" /></div><div class="facetwp-template" data-name="dynamic_feed_general"> <div class="dynamic-card feed-card clickable-col"> <div class="card-post-image"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1536" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_1673.jpeg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Conch shell on sandy beach below sunset" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_1673.jpeg 2048w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_1673-600x450.jpeg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_1673-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_1673-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_1673-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /> </div> <div class="card-content"> <p class="card-date">January 1, 1998</p> <h5 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.historians.org/resource/why-study-history-1998/" title="Why Study History? (1998)">Why Study History? (1998)</a></h5> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-t23sldv1qopu fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="t23sldv1qopu"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-gbp139fed7ia fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="gbp139fed7ia"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-svec7w18z2bd fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-content-image invert" data-node="svec7w18z2bd"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-18mtodpqyzgu fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width fl-col-group-responsive-reversed" data-node="18mtodpqyzgu"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-cyixdz6n4qv3 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="cyixdz6n4qv3"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-qspf6rvmghdc" data-node="qspf6rvmghdc"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Everything Has a History</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-etihmgjv3sz0" data-node="etihmgjv3sz0"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>History informs our understanding of everything, and historians' voices are essential in conversations about current events. The American Historical Association advocates for the crucial role of historical thinking in public life and highlights the insights that come when we recognize that everything has a history.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-s5m8feh6dxpb" data-node="s5m8feh6dxpb"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/everything-has-a-history/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-cd301p9anjb2 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="cd301p9anjb2"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-3cbxeavyts59 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="3cbxeavyts59"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-hdajwzc049on" data-node="hdajwzc049on"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ytxeqwj26p97 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="ytxeqwj26p97"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-jvy6iw587kh2 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="jvy6iw587kh2"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-i2ylugzjtnqa fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="i2ylugzjtnqa"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-u7p5mekoj9bg" data-node="u7p5mekoj9bg"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">AHA Advocacy</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-xh0ip91bvmra fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="xh0ip91bvmra"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-0bl2m6xr59tu fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-image-content" data-node="0bl2m6xr59tu"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-axley1q4ufrm fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="axley1q4ufrm"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-cavpeixodum0 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="cavpeixodum0"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-7zijnlx1qko8 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="7zijnlx1qko8"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-ing5kmso1l9z" data-node="ing5kmso1l9z"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Advocating for the Discipline</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-4wrnpkd9g3ui" data-node="4wrnpkd9g3ui"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The American Historical Association is unique among history organizations with the breadth and depth of our advocacy efforts.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-at1s37pe9qik ghost-button" data-node="at1s37pe9qik"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/aha-advocacy/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-64us1592h8mt" data-node="64us1592h8mt"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-toc4iag8jre0 fl-col-bg-color" data-node="toc4iag8jre0"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-post-grid fl-node-82lyfmujwbeo feed-grid" data-node="82lyfmujwbeo"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-post-grid" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog"> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post fl-post-grid-image-above-title fl-post-columns-post fl-post-align-default post-90504 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry month-february post-type-action-alerts post-type-aha-announcements post-type-history-education year-875 year-2025" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/news/action-alert-opposing-ohio-senate-bill-1/" content="Action Alert Opposing Ohio Senate Bill 1" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-02-10" /><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2025-02-16" /><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="AHA"><div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AHA-logo-blue.svg"></div></div><div itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/news/author/rwest-wp/" /><meta itemprop="name" content="Becky West" /></div><div itemscope itemprop="image" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/kelly-sikkema-_oP5ErcnVXE-unsplash.jpg" /><meta itemprop="width" content="1920" /><meta itemprop="height" content="1216" /></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/CommentAction" /><meta 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Kelly Sikkema/Unsplash." srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/kelly-sikkema-_oP5ErcnVXE-unsplash.jpg 1920w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/kelly-sikkema-_oP5ErcnVXE-unsplash-600x380.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/kelly-sikkema-_oP5ErcnVXE-unsplash-1200x760.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/kelly-sikkema-_oP5ErcnVXE-unsplash-768x486.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/kelly-sikkema-_oP5ErcnVXE-unsplash-1536x973.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> <div class="card-content"> <p class="card-date">February 10, 2025</p> <h5 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news/action-alert-opposing-ohio-senate-bill-1/" title="Action Alert Opposing Ohio Senate Bill 1">Action Alert Opposing Ohio Senate Bill 1</a></h5> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post 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to White House Regarding Dismissal of US Archivist">AHA Sends Letter to White House Regarding Dismissal of US Archivist</a></h5> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="fl-post-column"> <div class="fl-post-grid-post fl-post-grid-image-above-title fl-post-columns-post fl-post-align-default post-90381 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry month-february post-type-aha-in-news post-type-history-education year-875 year-2025" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/news/aha-executive-director-co-authors-new-republic-article-on-radical-indoctrination-executive-order/" content="AHA Executive Director Co-Authors New Republic Article on “Radical Indoctrination” Executive Order" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-02-06" /><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2025-02-06" /><div itemprop="publisher" 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class="card-content"> <p class="card-date">February 6, 2025</p> <h5 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news/aha-executive-director-co-authors-new-republic-article-on-radical-indoctrination-executive-order/" title="AHA Executive Director Co-Authors <em>New Republic</em> Article on “Radical Indoctrination” Executive Order">AHA Executive Director Co-Authors <em>New Republic</em> Article on “Radical Indoctrination” Executive Order</a></h5> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-clear"></div> <div class="fl-builder-pagination" style="display:none;"> <ul class='page-numbers'> <li><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/paged-2/2/">2</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/paged-2/3/">3</a></li> <li><span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/paged-2/127/">127</a></li> <li><a class="next page-numbers" href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/paged-2/2/">Next &raquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="fl-builder-pagination-load-more"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-center"> <a href="#" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Load More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-uwpzjf0qlgi6 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="uwpzjf0qlgi6"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-gr24ntv6a8hc fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="gr24ntv6a8hc"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-rtlgj8xv4wf5 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-image-content invert" data-node="rtlgj8xv4wf5"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-h1ailbx9723v fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="h1ailbx9723v"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-7ey4odgski21 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="7ey4odgski21"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-w39zxfo25ql4 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="w39zxfo25ql4"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-cfm78ynatgsu" data-node="cfm78ynatgsu"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">History & Public Policy</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-b0zv4nhxq6ad" data-node="b0zv4nhxq6ad"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA is committed to honest history—in the classroom, in public memory, and through the many programs through which the federal government supports research.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-gjsztlw0hbxi" data-node="gjsztlw0hbxi"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/history-public-policy/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-hmyusc4z3px7 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="hmyusc4z3px7"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-j6b9ymvrzndk" data-node="j6b9ymvrzndk"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-mz1w705cabh2 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="mz1w705cabh2"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-ivbtdrwo0xh2 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="ivbtdrwo0xh2"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-3vg9410az8yl fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="3vg9410az8yl"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-jcna2bsrxopy" data-node="jcna2bsrxopy"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Supporting History Education</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-xg2tosaq63fp fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="xg2tosaq63fp"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-4irw1mx3t0z8 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-featured river-content-image" data-node="4irw1mx3t0z8"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-yklb72rcgw0o fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width fl-col-group-responsive-reversed" data-node="yklb72rcgw0o"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-93yv4aurbzgt fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="93yv4aurbzgt"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-xuwg0lhytknr" data-node="xuwg0lhytknr"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Teaching History with Integrity</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-d4slifhu1gj5" data-node="d4slifhu1gj5"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA leads or participates in several initiatives to provide resources and support for history educators facing intensifying controversies about the teaching of the American past.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-wnhpi4o7ufrk ghost-button" data-node="wnhpi4o7ufrk"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ry7s2kvpfzd1 fl-col-bg-photo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="ry7s2kvpfzd1"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-xuogbq8e69k1" data-node="xuogbq8e69k1"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-rg0sub72ota3 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images two-cards" data-node="rg0sub72ota3"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-1cmakio5068g fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="1cmakio5068g"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-wp79oqz465uk fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="wp79oqz465uk"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-i2jhbw8xq30d" data-node="i2jhbw8xq30d"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-6878 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Meeting-attendee-looking-at-map-close-up-scaled.jpg" alt="&quot;K-16 Educators&#039; Workshop: Perspectives on World War I: The Everyday and the Global&quot;" itemprop="image" height="1600" width="2400" title="American Historical Association - 2018 Annual Meeting - Washington D.C. - January 6, 2018" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Meeting-attendee-looking-at-map-close-up-scaled.jpg 2400w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Meeting-attendee-looking-at-map-close-up-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Meeting-attendee-looking-at-map-close-up-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Meeting-attendee-looking-at-map-close-up-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Meeting-attendee-looking-at-map-close-up-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Meeting-attendee-looking-at-map-close-up-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-g068kc4m5snb" data-node="g068kc4m5snb"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/freedom-to-learn/" title="Freedom to Learn" target="_self" > <span class="fl-heading-text">Freedom to Learn</span> </a> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-eogs1pzab9y0" data-node="eogs1pzab9y0"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA’s Freedom to Learn initiative educates historians and others on how to advocate publicly for honest history education and responds directly to legislation.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-wrchdfen8bv7 simple-button" data-node="wrchdfen8bv7"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/freedom-to-learn/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">View Statements & Letters</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-9a5gmcqkji4z fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="9a5gmcqkji4z"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-2bce7nkxlsqh" data-node="2bce7nkxlsqh"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-53645 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="maxresdefault" itemprop="image" height="720" width="1280" title="maxresdefault" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/maxresdefault.jpg 1280w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/maxresdefault-600x338.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/maxresdefault-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/maxresdefault-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-pzivc21sx3bd" data-node="pzivc21sx3bd"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/teaching-with-integrity-historians-speak/" title="Teaching with Integrity: Historians Speak" target="_self" > <span class="fl-heading-text">Teaching with Integrity: Historians Speak</span> </a> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-1ev3gu5i6qyl" data-node="1ev3gu5i6qyl"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Videos featuring historians describing how exploring America's past honestly in the classroom benefits the nation's students, and how the freedom to learn also strengthens our shared democracy.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-g7ivnokjwcxm simple-button" data-node="g7ivnokjwcxm"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/teaching-with-integrity-historians-speak/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Watch Now</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-9w0cslid7n1k" data-node="9w0cslid7n1k"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-6wr80txegnzy fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols grid-cards grid-cards-images two-cards" data-node="6wr80txegnzy"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-dly4fhbke8ag fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top" data-node="dly4fhbke8ag"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-1w2ymnoaqs8z fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width card" data-node="1w2ymnoaqs8z"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-yz3e4km9t80b" data-node="yz3e4km9t80b"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-53424 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AHA-2016-Atlanta-Georgia-January-8-2016-Undergraduate-Teaching-Workshop-Assignments-001.jpg" alt="AHA 2016 - Atlanta Georgia - January 8, 2016 - Undergraduate Teaching Workshop- Assignments #001" itemprop="image" height="798" width="1200" title="AHA 2016 - Atlanta Georgia - January 8, 2016 - Undergraduate Teaching Workshop- Assignments #001" srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AHA-2016-Atlanta-Georgia-January-8-2016-Undergraduate-Teaching-Workshop-Assignments-001.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AHA-2016-Atlanta-Georgia-January-8-2016-Undergraduate-Teaching-Workshop-Assignments-001-600x399.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AHA-2016-Atlanta-Georgia-January-8-2016-Undergraduate-Teaching-Workshop-Assignments-001-768x511.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-rw6fe7g39ziv" data-node="rw6fe7g39ziv"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/aha-testimony-before-legislatures-and-boards-of-education/" title="AHA Testimony &amp; Media Appearances" target="_self" > <span class="fl-heading-text">AHA Testimony & Media Appearances</span> </a> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-98qalsxmu6fn" data-node="98qalsxmu6fn"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>AHA staff have testified before state legislatures and boards of education, published articles, and made media appearances in support of the teaching of honest history, and public education.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-4sdc8yqaouk3 simple-button" data-node="4sdc8yqaouk3"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/aha-testimony-before-legislatures-and-boards-of-education/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">View Recent Activity</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-9kfqgxcvol7n fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small 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srcset="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AHA-2016-Atlanta-Georgia-January-8-2016-Digital-Projects-Lightning-Round-012-e1714071614756.jpg 1956w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AHA-2016-Atlanta-Georgia-January-8-2016-Digital-Projects-Lightning-Round-012-e1714071614756-600x490.jpg 600w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AHA-2016-Atlanta-Georgia-January-8-2016-Digital-Projects-Lightning-Round-012-e1714071614756-1200x979.jpg 1200w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AHA-2016-Atlanta-Georgia-January-8-2016-Digital-Projects-Lightning-Round-012-e1714071614756-768x627.jpg 768w, https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AHA-2016-Atlanta-Georgia-January-8-2016-Digital-Projects-Lightning-Round-012-e1714071614756-1536x1253.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1956px) 100vw, 1956px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-g45s0qun9jw2" data-node="g45s0qun9jw2"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/resources-toolkits/" title="Resources &amp; Toolkits" target="_self" > <span class="fl-heading-text">Resources & Toolkits</span> </a> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-ohy4c16lq3mr" data-node="ohy4c16lq3mr"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA and our partners have developed resources and toolkits for school system leaders, parents, teachers, and school board members.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-8jc9vt67oakn simple-button" data-node="8jc9vt67oakn"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/resources-toolkits/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">View Resources</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-xqag1mk46ndz fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="xqag1mk46ndz"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-jklmb6dhsgw9 fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="jklmb6dhsgw9"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-nspztgb5me78 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-contained river-image-content" data-node="nspztgb5me78"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-hcokz57vrm0l fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="hcokz57vrm0l"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-nyqvlbxot62m fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="nyqvlbxot62m"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-n3f7ms52hvlc" data-node="n3f7ms52hvlc"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Engage With History</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-ld4fzrjw6gci" data-node="ld4fzrjw6gci"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Learning history is crucial for students and the public to understand our world today.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-list fl-node-7yna0f9xq36z" data-node="7yna0f9xq36z"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-list fl-list-regular" role="list"> <div role="listitem" class="fl-list-item fl-list-item-0"> <div class="fl-list-item-wrapper"> <div class="fl-list-item-content"><span class="fl-list-item-content-icon"><span class="fl-list-item-icon"></span></span> <div class="fl-list-item-content-text"><p><a href="/teaching-learning/current-events-in-historical-context/">Current Events in Historical Context</a></p></div></div> </div> </div> <div role="listitem" class="fl-list-item fl-list-item-1"> <div class="fl-list-item-wrapper"> <div class="fl-list-item-content"><span class="fl-list-item-content-icon"><span class="fl-list-item-icon"></span></span> <div class="fl-list-item-content-text"><p><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-online/history-behind-the-headlines/">History Behind the Headlines</a></p></div></div> </div> </div> <div role="listitem" class="fl-list-item fl-list-item-2"> <div class="fl-list-item-wrapper"> <div class="fl-list-item-content"><span class="fl-list-item-content-icon"><span class="fl-list-item-icon"></span></span> <div class="fl-list-item-content-text"><p><em><a href="/news-publications/american-historical-review/history-in-focus/history-in-focus/">History in Focus</a></em></p></div></div> </div> </div> <div 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