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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A" title="سانشينغدوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سانشينغدوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam-seng-tui" title="Sam-seng-tui – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sam-seng-tui" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%BC%EC%84%B1%ED%87%B4" title="삼성퇴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="삼성퇴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99" title="סאנשינגדואי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סאנשינגדואי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C5%86sjindui_kult%C5%ABra" title="Saņsjindui kultūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saņsjindui kultūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF" title="സാൻസിങ്ഡൂയി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാൻസിങ്ഡൂയി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1" title="စန်ရှင်သွေ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စန်ရှင်သွေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%BA%E8%B7%A1" title="三星堆遺跡 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="三星堆遺跡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Саньсиндуй – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саньсиндуй" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2" title="ซานซิงตุย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซานซิงตุย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sanxingdui" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Саньсіндуй – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Саньсіндуй" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_ch%E1%BB%89_Tam_Tinh_%C4%90%C3%B4i" title="Di chỉ Tam Tinh Đôi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Di chỉ Tam Tinh Đôi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="三星堆遗址 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="三星堆遗址" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q929072#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sanxingdui&params=30.993_N_104.2_E_type:landmark_region:CN-51"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°59′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">104°12′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.993°N 104.200°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.993; 104.200</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bronze Age culture in Sichuan, China</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sanxingdui&params=30.993_N_104.2_E_type:landmark_region:CN-51"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°59′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">104°12′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.993°N 104.200°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.993; 104.200</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the museum, see <a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui_Museum" title="Sanxingdui Museum">Sanxingdui Museum</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Sanxingdui culture</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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.infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Asia_physical_(continental).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanxingdui is located in Continental Asia"><img alt="Sanxingdui is located in Continental Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/330px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/500px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/960px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.88%;left:74.382%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sanxingdui"><img alt="Sanxingdui" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Sanxingdui</div></div></div></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Continental Asia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanxingdui is located in China"><img alt="Sanxingdui is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/330px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/960px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="1567" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.7%;left:50.349%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sanxingdui"><img alt="Sanxingdui" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Sanxingdui</div></div></div></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Sichuan_rel_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanxingdui is located in Sichuan"><img alt="Sanxingdui is located in Sichuan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/China_Sichuan_rel_location_map.svg/300px-China_Sichuan_rel_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/China_Sichuan_rel_location_map.svg/450px-China_Sichuan_rel_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/China_Sichuan_rel_location_map.svg/600px-China_Sichuan_rel_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1370" data-file-height="1182" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.31%;left:61.207%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sanxingdui"><img alt="Sanxingdui" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Sanxingdui</div></div></div></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sichuan</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Plain" title="Chengdu Plain">Chengdu Plain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age China">Bronze Age China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1700 – c. 1150 BC <sup id="cite_ref-pochan_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pochan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">Type site</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sanxingdui</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baodun_culture" title="Baodun culture">Baodun culture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shu_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shu (state)">Shu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">三星堆文化</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sānxīngduī wénhuà</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Mask_(%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gold_Mask_%28%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9%29.jpg/250px-Gold_Mask_%28%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gold_Mask_%28%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9%29.jpg/330px-Gold_Mask_%28%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gold_Mask_%28%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9%29.jpg/500px-Gold_Mask_%28%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>Sanxingdui bronze heads with gold foil masks</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sanxingdui</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">三星堆</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Sānxīngduī</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Three Star Mound') is an archaeological site and a major <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> culture in modern <a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, China. Largely discovered in 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following a preliminary finding in 1927,<sup id="cite_ref-JayXu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JayXu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologists</a> excavated <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a> that <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dating</a> placed in the 12th-11th centuries BC.<sup id="cite_ref-sage1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sage1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archaeological site is the <a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">type site</a> for the Sanxingdui culture that produced these artifacts, archeologists have identified the locale with the <a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">ancient kingdom of Shu</a>, which suggests the presence of a unique civilization in this region before the <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">state of Qin</a> conquered the area in 316 BCE. The artifacts are displayed in the <a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui_Museum" title="Sanxingdui Museum">Sanxingdui Museum</a> located near the city of Guanghan.<sup id="cite_ref-sage1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sage1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sanxingdui is on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> list of tentative <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha site</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_boat-shaped_coffins" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombs of boat-shaped coffins">tombs of boat-shaped coffins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg/220px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg/330px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg/440px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A large bronze head with protruding eyes that some believe to be a depiction of <a href="/wiki/Cancong" title="Cancong">Cancong</a>, the semi-legendary first king of <a href="/wiki/Shu_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shu (state)">Shu</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Many Chinese archaeologists have identified the Sanxingdui culture to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">ancient kingdom of Shu</a>, linking the artifacts found at the site to its early and legendary kings. The kingdom is mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Shiji" title="Shiji">Shiji</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Shujing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shujing">Shujing</a></i> as an ally of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> who defeated the Shang. Accounts of the legendary kings of Shu also may be found in local annals.<sup id="cite_ref-shang1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shang1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Huayang" title="Chronicles of Huayang">Chronicles of Huayang</a></i> that were compiled during the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin dynasty (266–420)</a>, the Shu kingdom was founded by <a href="/wiki/Cancong" title="Cancong">Cancong</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A0%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:蠶">蠶</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:叢">叢</a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cancong was described as having protruding eyes, a feature that is found in many of the masks and figures of Sanxingdui. It has therefore been suggested that the large masks with protruding eyes are a representation of Cancong, although there are other interpretations.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other eye-shaped objects were also found that might suggest worship of the eyes. Other rulers mentioned in <i>Chronicles of Huayang</i> include Boguan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:柏">柏</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%81%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:灌">灌</a></span></span>), Yufu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AD%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:魚">魚</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%B3%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:鳧">鳧</a></span></span>), and Duyu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:杜">杜</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:宇">宇</a></span></span>). Many of the objects are fish- and bird-shaped, and these have been suggested to be totems of Boguan and Yufu (the name Yufu means fish <a href="/wiki/Cormorant" title="Cormorant">cormorant</a>), and the clan of Yufu has been suggested as the one most likely to be associated with Sanxingdui.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9_Sanxingdui_Gold_Mask.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9_Sanxingdui_Gold_Mask.jpg/250px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9_Sanxingdui_Gold_Mask.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9_Sanxingdui_Gold_Mask.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9_Sanxingdui_Gold_Mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9_Sanxingdui_Gold_Mask.jpg/500px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%87%91%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9_Sanxingdui_Gold_Mask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Sanxingdui Gold Mask excavated in 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Jinsha_Gold_Mask_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/2014_Jinsha_Gold_Mask_a.jpg/250px-2014_Jinsha_Gold_Mask_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/2014_Jinsha_Gold_Mask_a.jpg/330px-2014_Jinsha_Gold_Mask_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/2014_Jinsha_Gold_Mask_a.jpg/500px-2014_Jinsha_Gold_Mask_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Golden Mask in <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_Site_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinsha Site Museum">Jinsha Site Museum</a>, which is very similar to Sanxingdui masks in shape and style</figcaption></figure> <p>Later, similar discoveries were made at <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_(archaeological_site)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinsha (archaeological site)">Jinsha</a> as well, which is located 40 km away and has close link with the Sanxingdui culture. It is thought to be the relocated capital of the Shu Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also has been suggested that the Jinsha site may be the hub and capital of the Duyu clan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeological_site">Archaeological site</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Archaeological site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanxingdui_-Converted-.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sanxingdui_-Converted-.svg/250px-Sanxingdui_-Converted-.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sanxingdui_-Converted-.svg/375px-Sanxingdui_-Converted-.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sanxingdui_-Converted-.svg/500px-Sanxingdui_-Converted-.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1905" data-file-height="1461" /></a><figcaption>The site of Sanxingdui is divided into the sacrificial area, palace, workshops, and the residential area</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sanxingdui archaeological site is located about 4 km northeast of Nanxing Township, <a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> Province. Archaeological digs at the site showed evidence of a walled city founded <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1,600 BCE. The trapezoidal city has an east wall 2,000 m, south wall 2,000 m, west wall 1,600 m enclosing 3.6 km<sup>2</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar in scale to the inner city of the <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Shang_City" title="Zhengzhou Shang City">Zhengzhou Shang City</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanxingdui_8_pit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sanxingdui_8_pit.jpg/250px-Sanxingdui_8_pit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sanxingdui_8_pit.jpg/330px-Sanxingdui_8_pit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sanxingdui_8_pit.jpg/500px-Sanxingdui_8_pit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Layout of the 8 pits with artefacts</figcaption></figure> <p>The city was built on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Jian_River_(Sichuan)" title="Jian River (Sichuan)">Yazi River</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">涧河</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jiān Hé</span></i>), and enclosed part of its tributary, Mamu River, within the city walls. The city walls were 40 m at the base and 20 m at the top, varying in height from 8–10 m. There was a smaller set of inner walls. </p><p>The walls were surrounded by canals 25–20 m wide and 2–3 m deep. These canals were used for irrigation, inland navigation, defense, and flood control. The city was divided into residential, industrial, and religious districts organized around a dominant central axis. It is along this axis that most of the pit burials have been found on four terraces. The structures were timber-framed adobe rectangular halls. The largest was a meeting hall about 200 m<sup>2</sup> (2,200 sq ft). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery">Discovery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Evidence of an ancient culture in this region was first found in 1927<sup id="cite_ref-JayXu_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JayXu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when a well-to-do farmer unearthed a large stash of <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> relics while dredging an irrigation ditch, many of which through the years found their way into the hands of private collectors. In 1931, the discovery was brought to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Vyvyan_Donnithorne" title="Vyvyan Donnithorne">Vyvyan Donnithorne</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> missionary stationed at the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Church,_Guanghan" title="Gospel Church, Guanghan">Gospel Church of Guanghan</a>. He recognised the importance of the discovery and contacted a local magistrate as well as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Sheets_Dye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Sheets Dye (page does not exist)">Daniel Sheets Dye</a>, a professor of geology at <a href="/wiki/West_China_Union_University" title="West China Union University">West China Union University</a> (WCUU). The three of them then visited the location and photographed and measured the site. Through the magistrate, a few items were acquired and sent to the museum at WCUU. Then, in 1934, <a href="/wiki/David_Crockett_Graham" title="David Crockett Graham">David Crockett Graham</a>, the new director of the museum at WCUU, organised the first archaeological excavation of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-JayXu_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JayXu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, local workers accidentally found sacrificial pits containing thousands of gold, bronze, jade, and pottery artifacts that had been broken (perhaps ritually disfigured), burned, and carefully buried. Containing approximately 800 objects, the second sacrificial pit was found a little less than a month later, on August 14, 1986, only 20–30 meters from the first one.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bronze objects found in the second sacrificial pit included sculptures of humans, animal-faced sculptures, bells, decorative animals such as dragons, snakes, chicks, and birds, and axes. Tables, masks, and belts were some of the objects found that were made out of gold, while objects made out of jade included axes, tablets, rings, knives, and tubes. There were also many ivory carvings, and clam shells. Researchers were astonished to find an artistic style that was completely unknown in the history of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Chinese art</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:549px;max-width:549px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_head_from_Sanxingdui.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bronze_head_from_Sanxingdui.JPG/220px-Bronze_head_from_Sanxingdui.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bronze_head_from_Sanxingdui.JPG/330px-Bronze_head_from_Sanxingdui.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bronze_head_from_Sanxingdui.JPG/440px-Bronze_head_from_Sanxingdui.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1967" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A bronze head (height 27 cm) from the thirteenth or twelfth century BC that was excavated from Pit 1 in Sanxingdui <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_Standing_Figure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bronze_Standing_Figure.jpg/100px-Bronze_Standing_Figure.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bronze_Standing_Figure.jpg/150px-Bronze_Standing_Figure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bronze_Standing_Figure.jpg/200px-Bronze_Standing_Figure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="1545" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">An upright <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> figure representing a religious official</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:219px;max-width:219px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_Holy_Altar_(%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E7%A5%9E%E5%A3%87).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bronze_Holy_Altar_%28%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E7%A5%9E%E5%A3%87%29.jpg/217px-Bronze_Holy_Altar_%28%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E7%A5%9E%E5%A3%87%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="217" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bronze_Holy_Altar_%28%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E7%A5%9E%E5%A3%87%29.jpg/326px-Bronze_Holy_Altar_%28%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E7%A5%9E%E5%A3%87%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bronze_Holy_Altar_%28%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E7%A5%9E%E5%A3%87%29.jpg/434px-Bronze_Holy_Altar_%28%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E7%A5%9E%E5%A3%87%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1739" data-file-height="2451" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrificial</a> <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> with several four-legged animals at the base to support a few bronze figures closely resembling the large face masks, each holding a ceremonial offering of some sort in outstretched hands.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>Among the Sanxingdui discoveries, the bronze artifacts garnered exceptional scholarly attention. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Task_Rosen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Task Rosen (page does not exist)">Task Rosen</a>, chief archaeological expert from the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, considered them to be more outstanding than the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first exhibits of Sanxingdui bronzes were held in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> (1987, 1990) and the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Museum" title="Olympic Museum">Olympic Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> (1993). </p><p>Nevertheless, despite the interest in the excavated finds, the site suffered from <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flooding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>. For this reason the site was included in the <a href="/wiki/1996_World_Monuments_Watch" title="1996 World Monuments Watch">1996 World Monuments Watch</a> by the <a href="/wiki/World_Monuments_Fund" title="World Monuments Fund">World Monuments Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the preservation of the site, funding was offered by <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a> to construct a protective dike. Also, in 1997, the Sanxingdui Museum <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opened near the original site.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%8F%91%E6%8E%98%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA_Sanxingdui_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%8F%91%E6%8E%98%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA_Sanxingdui_2022.jpg/250px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%8F%91%E6%8E%98%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA_Sanxingdui_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%8F%91%E6%8E%98%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA_Sanxingdui_2022.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%8F%91%E6%8E%98%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA_Sanxingdui_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%8F%91%E6%8E%98%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA_Sanxingdui_2022.jpg/500px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%8F%91%E6%8E%98%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA_Sanxingdui_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="939" /></a><figcaption>An archaeologist is working in a pit</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 2021, more than 500 cultural relics, including a 3,000-year-old gold mask, were discovered at Sanxingdui at a 4.6-square-mile area outside the provincial capital of Chengdu.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnn_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mask is estimated to be made from 84% gold and weighs 280 grams (0.6 pounds). According to the <a href="/wiki/National_Cultural_Heritage_Administration" title="National Cultural Heritage Administration">National Cultural Heritage Administration</a>, the items were recovered from six newly discovered "sacrificial pits".<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional masks, jade tools, and ivory relics were also discovered in the pit.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The six pits were discovered at the Sanxingdui site between 2020 and 2022 during a renewed slate of excavations. The artifacts found in these excavations include fragments of a gold mask, traces of silk, bronze ware depicting animals, ivory carvings, and more. A round of excavations is scheduled to conclude in October 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E2%85%A0%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%E2%85%A0%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%91.jpg/180px-%E2%85%A0%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%E2%85%A0%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%91.jpg/270px-%E2%85%A0%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%E2%85%A0%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%91.jpg/360px-%E2%85%A0%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Massive Bronze Sacred Tree (height 396 cm) from Sanxingdui</figcaption></figure> <p>The timeline of the culture of the Sanxingdui site is thought to be divided into several phases. The Sanxingdui culture that corresponds to periods <b>II</b>-<b>III</b> of the site, was a mysterious civilization in southern China.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanxingdui_Museum_2006_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanxingdui_Museum_2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This culture is contemporaneous with the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a>, but it developed a different artistic style of bronze-making from the Shang. The first phase that corresponds to period <b>I</b> of the site belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Baodun_culture" title="Baodun culture">Baodun</a>, and after the final phase (period <b>IV</b>) the culture was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">state of Ba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">kingdom of Shu</a>. Speculation regarding the end of the Sanxingdui culture includes that it might have been the result of natural disasters (evidence of massive flooding and an earthquake were found), or invasion by another culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanxingdui_Museum_2006_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanxingdui_Museum_2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The culture was governed by a strong central <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a> with trade links to <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> from <a href="/wiki/Yinxu" title="Yinxu">Yin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zhuancds_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhuancds-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Metallurgy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This ancient culture had a well developed bronze casting industry that permitted the manufacture of many impressive articles, such as the world's oldest life-size standing human <a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statue</a> (260 cm high, 180 kg)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Urfa Man article on Wikipedia states it's rather the Urfa Man statue dated 9000BCE (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and a bronze <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">tree</a> with birds, flowers, and ornaments (396 cm), which some have identified as renderings of the <a href="/wiki/Fusang" title="Fusang">Fusang</a> tree of Chinese mythology.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Who is claiming this? What is the source? (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Redwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn Redwood">dawn redwood</a> also may be found relatively near on the eastern fringe of the <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The material near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (May 2023)">relevant?</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sanxingdui#Is_this_brought_up_as_a_potential_inspiration_for_the_bronze_trees?_If_so,_citation_needed._If_not,_is_this_relevant?" title="Talk:Sanxingdui">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_518.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_518.jpg/250px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_518.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_518.jpg/330px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_518.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_518.jpg/500px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_518.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1453" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Large jade <i>zhang</i> blade, length 54 cm (21 in), Sanxingdui Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>The most striking finds were dozens of large bronze masks and heads (at least six heads with gold foil masks originally attached) represented with angular human features, exaggerated almond-shaped eyes, some with protruding pupils, and large upper ears. Many Sanxingdui bronze faces had traces of paint smears: black on the disproportionately large eyes and eyebrows, and vermilion on the lips, nostrils, and ear holes.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the French sinologist <a href="/wiki/Corinne_Debaine-Francfort" title="Corinne Debaine-Francfort">Corinne Debaine-Francfort</a>, these colours provide evidence for ritual practices that were very different from those of the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vermilion is interpreted "not be coloring but something ritually offered for the head to taste, smell, and hear (or something that gave it the power to breathe, hear, and speak)". Based upon the design of these heads, archaeologists believe they were mounted on wooden supports or <a href="/wiki/Totem" title="Totem">totems</a>, perhaps dressed in clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-Liu_2000:37_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu_2000:37-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liu Yang concludes "masked ritual played a vital role in community life of the ancient Sanxingdui inhabitants", and he characterizes these bronze <a href="/wiki/Ritual_mask#Ritual_masks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual mask">ritual masks</a> as something that may have been worn by a <a href="/wiki/Shi_(personator)" title="Shi (personator)"><i>shi</i></a> (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:尸">尸</a></span>; 'corpse') "personator, impersonator; ceremonial representative of a dead relative".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The <i>shi</i> was generally a close, young relative who wore a costume (possibly including a mask) reproducing the features of the dead person. The <i>shi</i> was an impersonator, that is, a person serving as a reminder of the ancestor to whom sacrifice was being offered. During such a ceremony, the impersonator was much more than an actor in a drama. Although the exact meaning may have been different, the group of Sanxingdui masked figures in bronze all have the character of an impersonator. It is likely the masks were used to impersonate and identify with certain supernatural beings in order to effect some communal good.<sup id="cite_ref-Liu_2000:37_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu_2000:37-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Another scholar<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compares these "bulging-eyed, big-eared, bronze heads and masks" with "eye-idols" (effigies with large eyes and open mouths designed to induce hallucinations) in <a href="/wiki/Julian_Jaynes" title="Julian Jaynes">Julian Jaynes</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bicameral_mentality" title="Bicameral mentality">bicameral mentality</a> hypothesis; and <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposes, "[i]t is possible that southern Chinese personators wore these hypnotic bronze masks, recursively representing the spirit of a dead ancestor with a mask that represents a face disguised by a mask". </p><p>Other bronze artifacts include birds with eagle-like bills, tigers, a large snake, zoomorphic masks, bells, and what appears to be a bronze spoked wheel but is more likely to be decoration from an ancient shield. Apart from bronze, Sanxingdui finds included jade artifacts consistent with earlier neolithic cultures in China, such as <a href="/wiki/Cong_(jade)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cong (jade)">cong</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_(jade)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang (jade) (page does not exist)">zhang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cosmology">Cosmology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cosmology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As far back as Neolithic times, East Asians identified the four quadrants of the sky with animals: <a href="/wiki/Azure_Dragon" title="Azure Dragon">Azure Dragon of the East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Bird" title="Vermilion Bird">Vermilion Bird of the South</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Tiger_(Chinese_constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Tiger (Chinese constellation)">White Tiger of the West</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_Tortoise" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Tortoise">Black Tortoise of the North</a>. Each of these <a href="/wiki/Four_Symbols_(Chinese_constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Symbols (Chinese constellation)">Four Symbols (Chinese constellation)</a> was associated with a constellation that was visible in the relevant season: the dragon in the spring, the bird in the summer, etc. </p><p>Since these four animals—birds, dragons, snakes, and tigers—predominate the finds at Sanxingdui,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the bronzes might represent the universe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is unclear whether they formed part of ritual events designed to communicate with the spirits of the universe (or ancestral spirits). As no written records remain it is difficult to determine the intended uses of objects found. Some believe that the continued prevalence of depictions of these animals, especially in the later Han period, was an attempt by humans to "fit into" their understanding of their world, their <a href="/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology">cosmology</a>. (The jades that were found at Sanxingdui also seem to correlate with the six known types of ritual jades of ancient China, again each might be associated with a compass point (N, S, E, W) plus the heavens and earth.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (January 2019)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_524.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold scepter"><img alt="Gold scepter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_524.jpg/500px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_524.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_524.jpg/960px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_524.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold scepter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B4%E5%83%8FAa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanxingdui Bronze heads"><img alt="Sanxingdui Bronze heads" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B4%E5%83%8FAa.jpg/225px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B4%E5%83%8FAa.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B4%E5%83%8FAa.jpg/337px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B4%E5%83%8FAa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B4%E5%83%8FAa.jpg/450px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B4%E5%83%8FAa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sanxingdui Bronze heads</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanxingdui Bronze masks"><img alt="Sanxingdui Bronze masks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7.jpg/400px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7.jpg/600px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7.jpg/800px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sanxingdui Bronze masks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_556.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze animal masks"><img alt="Bronze animal masks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_556.jpg/260px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_556.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_556.jpg/390px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_556.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_556.jpg/520px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_556.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1603" data-file-height="1851" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze animal masks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanxingdui_men_face_and_other_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze bird"><img alt="Bronze bird" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sanxingdui_men_face_and_other_25.jpg/250px-Sanxingdui_men_face_and_other_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sanxingdui_men_face_and_other_25.jpg/330px-Sanxingdui_men_face_and_other_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sanxingdui_men_face_and_other_25.jpg/500px-Sanxingdui_men_face_and_other_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="3050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze bird</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_593.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanxingdui bronze head of a bird"><img alt="Sanxingdui bronze head of a bird" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_593.jpg/300px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_593.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_593.jpg/450px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_593.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_593.jpg/600px-Sanxingdui_Oct_2007_593.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1663" data-file-height="1662" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sanxingdui bronze head of a bird</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E7%8E%89%E7%92%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jade zhang blade"><img alt="Jade zhang blade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E7%8E%89%E7%92%8B.jpg/250px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E7%8E%89%E7%92%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E7%8E%89%E7%92%8B.jpg/500px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E7%8E%89%E7%92%8B.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jade <i>zhang</i> blade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BIRD_HEADED_HANDLE_20161122.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bird-headed handle"><img alt="Bird-headed handle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/BIRD_HEADED_HANDLE_20161122.jpg/500px-BIRD_HEADED_HANDLE_20161122.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/BIRD_HEADED_HANDLE_20161122.jpg/960px-BIRD_HEADED_HANDLE_20161122.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bird-headed handle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 109.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 107.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%89%AD%E5%A4%B4%E8%B7%AA%E5%9D%90%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_sanxingdui.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanxingdui Bronze figure excavated in 2021"><img alt="Sanxingdui Bronze figure excavated in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%89%AD%E5%A4%B4%E8%B7%AA%E5%9D%90%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_sanxingdui.jpg/161px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%89%AD%E5%A4%B4%E8%B7%AA%E5%9D%90%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_sanxingdui.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%89%AD%E5%A4%B4%E8%B7%AA%E5%9D%90%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_sanxingdui.jpg/242px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%89%AD%E5%A4%B4%E8%B7%AA%E5%9D%90%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_sanxingdui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%89%AD%E5%A4%B4%E8%B7%AA%E5%9D%90%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_sanxingdui.jpg/323px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%89%AD%E5%A4%B4%E8%B7%AA%E5%9D%90%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_sanxingdui.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2973" data-file-height="5521" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sanxingdui Bronze figure excavated in 2021</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%99%B6%E7%8C%AA_Sanxingdui_Pottery_Swine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery swine excavated in 2020"><img alt="Pottery swine excavated in 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%99%B6%E7%8C%AA_Sanxingdui_Pottery_Swine.jpg/300px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%99%B6%E7%8C%AA_Sanxingdui_Pottery_Swine.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%99%B6%E7%8C%AA_Sanxingdui_Pottery_Swine.jpg/450px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%99%B6%E7%8C%AA_Sanxingdui_Pottery_Swine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%99%B6%E7%8C%AA_Sanxingdui_Pottery_Swine.jpg/601px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%99%B6%E7%8C%AA_Sanxingdui_Pottery_Swine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery swine excavated in 2020</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%91%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_Sanxingdui_Bronze_Figure_With_Towering_Hair.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze figure wearing an officer's cap with towering headdress, excavated in 2021"><img alt="Bronze figure wearing an officer's cap with towering headdress, excavated in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%91%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_Sanxingdui_Bronze_Figure_With_Towering_Hair.png/250px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%91%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_Sanxingdui_Bronze_Figure_With_Towering_Hair.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%91%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_Sanxingdui_Bronze_Figure_With_Towering_Hair.png/276px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%91%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F_Sanxingdui_Bronze_Figure_With_Towering_Hair.png 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze figure wearing an officer's cap with towering headdress, excavated in 2021</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E9%A6%86_Sanxingdui_Cultural_Relics_Protection_And_Restoration_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanxingdui Cultural Relics Protection And Restoration Hall opened in December 2021, where tourists can watch the restoration work up close"><img alt="Sanxingdui Cultural Relics Protection And Restoration Hall opened in December 2021, where tourists can watch the restoration work up close" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E9%A6%86_Sanxingdui_Cultural_Relics_Protection_And_Restoration_Hall.jpg/450px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E9%A6%86_Sanxingdui_Cultural_Relics_Protection_And_Restoration_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E9%A6%86_Sanxingdui_Cultural_Relics_Protection_And_Restoration_Hall.jpg/675px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E9%A6%86_Sanxingdui_Cultural_Relics_Protection_And_Restoration_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E9%A6%86_Sanxingdui_Cultural_Relics_Protection_And_Restoration_Hall.jpg/901px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E9%A6%86_Sanxingdui_Cultural_Relics_Protection_And_Restoration_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="917" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sanxingdui Cultural Relics Protection And Restoration Hall opened in December 2021, where tourists can watch the restoration work up close</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 269.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 267.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7_Sanxingdui_Giant_Bronze_Mask_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giant bronze mask"><img alt="Giant bronze mask" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7_Sanxingdui_Giant_Bronze_Mask_1.jpg/500px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7_Sanxingdui_Giant_Bronze_Mask_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7_Sanxingdui_Giant_Bronze_Mask_1.jpg/960px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7_Sanxingdui_Giant_Bronze_Mask_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="959" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Giant bronze mask</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%BD_Sanxingdui_bronze_mythical_beast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze mythical beast excavated in 2021"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%BD_Sanxingdui_bronze_mythical_beast.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%BD_Sanxingdui_bronze_mythical_beast.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%BD_Sanxingdui_bronze_mythical_beast.jpg/500px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%BD_Sanxingdui_bronze_mythical_beast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%BD_Sanxingdui_bronze_mythical_beast.jpg/601px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86-%E9%93%9C%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%BD_Sanxingdui_bronze_mythical_beast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze mythical beast excavated in 2021</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_Ge_Dagger-axe,_Sanxingdui_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze weapon from Sanxingdui"><img alt="Bronze weapon from Sanxingdui" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bronze_Ge_Dagger-axe%2C_Sanxingdui_1.jpg/200px-Bronze_Ge_Dagger-axe%2C_Sanxingdui_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bronze_Ge_Dagger-axe%2C_Sanxingdui_1.jpg/300px-Bronze_Ge_Dagger-axe%2C_Sanxingdui_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bronze_Ge_Dagger-axe%2C_Sanxingdui_1.jpg/400px-Bronze_Ge_Dagger-axe%2C_Sanxingdui_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze weapon from Sanxingdui</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">List of Neolithic cultures of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_boat-shaped_coffins" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombs of boat-shaped coffins">Tombs of boat-shaped coffins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wucheng_culture" title="Wucheng culture">Wucheng culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pochan-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pochan_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFladChen2013" class="citation book cs1">Flad, Rowan; Chen, Pochan (2013). <i>Ancient Central China: Centers and Peripheries Along the Yangtze River</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-72766-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-72766-2"><bdi>978-0-521-72766-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Central+China%3A+Centers+and+Peripheries+Along+the+Yangtze+River&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-521-72766-2&rft.aulast=Flad&rft.aufirst=Rowan&rft.au=Chen%2C+Pochan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/49247-chinese-civilization-disappearance-explained.html">Mystery of Ancient Chinese Civilization's Disappearance Explained</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JayXu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JayXu_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JayXu_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JayXu_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFXu2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Xu, Jay (2011). "Lithic Artifacts from Yueliangwan: Research Notes on an Early Discovery at the Sanxingduiu Site". In Jerome Silbergeld; Dora C. Y. Ching; Judith G. Smith; Alfreda Merck (eds.). <i>Bridges to Heaven: Essays on East Asian Art in Honor of Professor Wen C. Fong, Volume I</i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-15298-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-15298-1"><bdi>978-0-691-15298-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lithic+Artifacts+from+Yueliangwan%3A+Research+Notes+on+an+Early+Discovery+at+the+Sanxingduiu+Site&rft.btitle=Bridges+to+Heaven%3A+Essays+on+East+Asian+Art+in+Honor+of+Professor+Wen+C.+Fong%2C+Volume+I&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-691-15298-1&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sage1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sage1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sage1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSage1992" class="citation book cs1">Sage, Steven F. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/20359334?selectedversion=NBD8161066"><i>Ancient Sichuan and the unification of China</i></a>. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0791410374" title="Special:BookSources/0791410374"><bdi>0791410374</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Sichuan+and+the+unification+of+China&rft.place=Albany&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0791410374&rft.aulast=Sage&rft.aufirst=Steven+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F20359334%3Fselectedversion%3DNBD8161066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5816/">"Archaeological Sites of the Ancient Shu State: Site at Jinsha and Joint Tombs of Boat- shaped Coffins in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province; Site of Sanxingdui in Guanghan City, Sichuan Province 29C.BC-5C.BC"</a>. <i>UNESCO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Archaeological+Sites+of+the+Ancient+Shu+State%3A+Site+at+Jinsha+and+Joint+Tombs+of+Boat-+shaped+Coffins+in+Chengdu+City%2C+Sichuan+Province%3B+Site+of+Sanxingdui+in+Guanghan+City%2C+Sichuan+Province+29C.BC-5C.BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F5816%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFalco_Howard2006" class="citation book cs1">Falco Howard, Angela (2006). <i>Chinese sculpture</i>. New Haven [u.a.]: Yale University Press [u.a.] <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300100655" title="Special:BookSources/0300100655"><bdi>0300100655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+sculpture&rft.place=New+Haven+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0300100655&rft.aulast=Falco+Howard&rft.aufirst=Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shang1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shang1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=gb&id=4591">Shiji</a> Original text: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">武王曰：「嗟！我有國冢君，司徒、司馬、司空，亞旅、師氏，千夫長、百夫長，及庸、蜀、羌、髳、微、纑、彭、濮人，稱爾戈，比爾干，立爾矛，予其誓。」</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/06061130.cn#page/n90/mode/2up">Chronicles of Huayang</a> Original text: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">周失紀綱，蜀先稱王。有蜀侯蠶叢，其目縱，始稱王。</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF三星堆博物馆2006" class="citation book cs1">三星堆博物馆 (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O0UlsHXmv9IC&pg=PA20"><i>The Sanxingdui Site: Mystical Mask on Ancient Shu Kingdom</i></a>. China Intercontinental Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787508508528" title="Special:BookSources/9787508508528"><bdi>9787508508528</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sanxingdui+Site%3A+Mystical+Mask+on+Ancient+Shu+Kingdom&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.pub=China+Intercontinental+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9787508508528&rft.au=%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO0UlsHXmv9IC%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYangXu2022" class="citation journal cs1">Yang, S.; Xu, X. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40618-021-01643-z">"Bronze masks of mysterious Sanxingdui: oldest record of Graves' disease?"</a>. <i>J Endocrinol Invest</i>. <b>45</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1115–</span>1116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40618-021-01643-z">10.1007/s40618-021-01643-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34291428">34291428</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236149553">236149553</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Endocrinol+Invest&rft.atitle=Bronze+masks+of+mysterious+Sanxingdui%3A+oldest+record+of+Graves%27+disease%3F&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1115-%3C%2Fspan%3E1116&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A236149553%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34291428&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40618-021-01643-z&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Xu%2C+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs40618-021-01643-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanxingdui Museum (2006), pp. 7–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYinkeMartha_AveryYue_Pan2001" class="citation book cs1">Yinke, Deng; Martha Avery; Yue Pan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lFRVNTo77vEC&q=jinsha+state+of+shu"><i>History of China</i></a>. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">五洲传播出版社</span></span>. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5085-1098-4" title="Special:BookSources/7-5085-1098-4"><bdi>7-5085-1098-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+China&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E4%BA%94%E6%B4%B2%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=7-5085-1098-4&rft.aulast=Yinke&rft.aufirst=Deng&rft.au=Martha+Avery&rft.au=Yue+Pan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlFRVNTo77vEC%26q%3Djinsha%2Bstate%2Bof%2Bshu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O0UlsHXmv9IC&pg=PP15"><i>The Sanxingdui site</i></a>. translated by Zhao Baohua. China Intercontinental press. 2006. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7508508528" title="Special:BookSources/978-7508508528"><bdi>978-7508508528</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sanxingdui+site&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=China+Intercontinental+press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-7508508528&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO0UlsHXmv9IC%26pg%3DPP15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yingke,2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraham1934" class="citation journal cs1">Graham, David C. (1934). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AJournal_of_the_West_China_Border_Research_Society_(1933-34%3B_vol._VI).pdf&page=230">"A Preliminary Report of the Hanchow Excavation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_West_China_Border_Research_Society" title="Journal of the West China Border Research Society">Journal of the West China Border Research Society</a></i>. <b>6</b>: <span class="nowrap">114–</span>131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+West+China+Border+Research+Society&rft.atitle=A+Preliminary+Report+of+the+Hanchow+Excavation&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E114-%3C%2Fspan%3E131&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFile%253AJournal_of_the_West_China_Border_Research_Society_%281933-34%253B_vol._VI%29.pdf%26page%3D230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sxd.cn/showinfo.asp?id=135&bigclass=31">"首页 - 三星堆博物馆"</a>. <i>www.sxd.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sxd.cn&rft.atitle=%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5+-+%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sxd.cn%2Fshowinfo.asp%3Fid%3D135%26bigclass%3D31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Measurements and date from Xu (2001: 85)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHigham2004" class="citation book cs1">Higham, Charles F.W. (2004). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaanci00high"><i>Encyclopedia of ancient Asian civilizations</i></a></span>. New York: Facts On File. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaanci00high/page/n321">297</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1438109962" title="Special:BookSources/1438109962"><bdi>1438109962</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+ancient+Asian+civilizations&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1438109962&rft.aulast=Higham&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaanci00high&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/e-sanxingdui/jingtai/3.htm">"Effect of Sanxingdui on the World"</a>. <i>China Internet Information Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Internet+Information+Center&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Sanxingdui+on+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fe-sanxingdui%2Fjingtai%2F3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmf.org/project/san-xing-dui-archaeological-site">World Monuments Fund – San Xing Dui Archaeological Site</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060827011156/http://chinamuseums.com/sanxingduim.htm">"Sanxingdui Museum"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sanxingdui+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinamuseums.com%2Fsanxingduim.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/sanxingdui-gold-mask-intl-hnk/index.html">"Archaeologists uncover 3,000-year-old gold mask in southwest China"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 22 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Archaeologists+uncover+3%2C000-year-old+gold+mask+in+southwest+China&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fstyle%2Farticle%2Fsanxingdui-gold-mask-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHollandWang" class="citation web cs1">Holland, Oscar; Wang, Serenitie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/style/article/sanxingdui-gold-mask-intl-hnk/index.html">"Archaeologists uncover 3,000-year-old gold mask in southwest China"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xinhuanet.com&rft.atitle=Across+China%3A+Uncovering+the+gold+mask+unearthed+at+the+Sanxingdui+Ruins+-+Xinhua+%7C+English.news.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2021-04%2F07%2Fc_139864673.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Solly, Meilan, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/trove-of-13000-artifacts-sheds-light-on-enigmatic-chinese-civilization-180980254/">Trove of 13,000 Artifacts Sheds Light on Enigmatic Chinese Civilization</a></i>, Smithsonian Magazine, June 14, 2022 with images and links</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3181763/why-archaeologists-are-so-excited-chinas-sanxingdui-ruins">"Why archaeologists are so excited by China's Sanxingdui ruins"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 2022-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Why+archaeologists+are+so+excited+by+China%27s+Sanxingdui+ruins&rft.date=2022-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fscience%2Farticle%2F3181763%2Fwhy-archaeologists-are-so-excited-chinas-sanxingdui-ruins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/sanxingdui-china-archaeology-artifacts-sacrificial-pits-shu-kingdom-rcna33643">"Newly found Chinese artifacts illuminate mysterious ancient kingdom"</a>. <i>NBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Newly+found+Chinese+artifacts+illuminate+mysterious+ancient+kingdom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsanxingdui-china-archaeology-artifacts-sacrificial-pits-shu-kingdom-rcna33643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKathleen_Magramo" class="citation web cs1">Kathleen Magramo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/style/article/sanxingdui-china-archaeology-relics-discovery-intl-hnk/index.html">"Sacrificial altar among 13,000 relics unearthed at Sanxingdui archaeological site in China"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Sacrificial+altar+among+13%2C000+relics+unearthed+at+Sanxingdui+archaeological+site+in+China&rft.au=Kathleen+Magramo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fstyle%2Farticle%2Fsanxingdui-china-archaeology-relics-discovery-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanxingdui_Museum_2006-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanxingdui_Museum_2006_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanxingdui_Museum_2006_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanxingdui Museum (2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGhose2014" class="citation web cs1">Ghose, Tia (2014-12-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/49247-chinese-civilization-disappearance-explained.html">"Mystery of Ancient Chinese Civilization's Disappearance Explained"</a>. <i>Live Science</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=Mystery+of+Ancient+Chinese+Civilization%27s+Disappearance+Explained&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft.aulast=Ghose&rft.aufirst=Tia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F49247-chinese-civilization-disappearance-explained.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhuancds-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zhuancds_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhuan_Ti" class="citation news cs1">Zhuan Ti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2013-06/03/content_16558019.htm">"Jinsha, Sanxingdui ruins open up gateway to past"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Jinsha%2C+Sanxingdui+ruins+open+up+gateway+to+past&rft.au=Zhuan+Ti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fcndy%2F2013-06%2F03%2Fcontent_16558019.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xu (2001:66)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debaine-Francfort (1999:67)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liu_2000:37-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liu_2000:37_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liu_2000:37_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Liu (2000:37)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(compare Paper 1995:82)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carr (2007:401)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carr (2007:403)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bagley, Robert, ed. 2001. <i>Ancient Sichuan: Treasures from a Lost Civilization</i>. Princeton, New Jersey: Seattle Art Museum and Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-08851-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-08851-9">0-691-08851-9</a></li> <li>Carr, Michael. 2007. "The <i>Shi</i> 'Corpse/Personator' Ceremony in Early China," in Marcel Kujisten, ed., <i>Reflections on the Dawn of Consciousness: Julian Jaynes's Bicameral Mind Theory Revisited</i>, Julian Jaynes Society, 343–416.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDebaine-Francfort1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Debaine-Francfort" title="Corinne Debaine-Francfort">Debaine-Francfort, Corinne</a> (1999) [1998]. <i>The Search for Ancient China</i>. '<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="Découvertes Gallimard">New Horizons</a>' series. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bahn" title="Paul Bahn">Bahn, Paul G.</a> London: Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-30095-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-30095-4"><bdi>978-0-500-30095-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Search+for+Ancient+China&rft.place=London&rft.series=%27New+Horizons%27+series&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-500-30095-4&rft.aulast=Debaine-Francfort&rft.aufirst=Corinne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Liu Yang and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Capon" title="Edmund Capon">Edmund Capon</a>, eds. 2000. <i>Masks of Mystery: Ancient Chinese Bronzes from Sanxingdui</i>. Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7347-6316-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7347-6316-6">0-7347-6316-6</a></li> <li>Paper, Jordan D. 1995. <i>The Spirits Are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion</i>. State University of New York Press.</li> <li>Xu, Jay. 2001. "Bronze at Sanxingdui," in Robert Bagley, ed., <i>Ancient Sichuan: Treasures from a Lost Civilization</i>, Seattle Art Museum and Princeton University Press, 59–152.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYinkeMartha_AveryYue_Pan2001" class="citation book cs1">Yinke, Deng; Martha Avery; Yue Pan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lFRVNTo77vEC&q=jinsha+state+of+shu"><i>History of China</i></a>. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">五洲传播出版社</span></span>. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5085-1098-4" title="Special:BookSources/7-5085-1098-4"><bdi>7-5085-1098-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+China&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E4%BA%94%E6%B4%B2%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=7-5085-1098-4&rft.aulast=Yinke&rft.aufirst=Deng&rft.au=Martha+Avery&rft.au=Yue+Pan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlFRVNTo77vEC%26q%3Djinsha%2Bstate%2Bof%2Bshu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanxingdui_MuseumWu_WeixiZhu_Yarong2006" class="citation book cs1">Sanxingdui Museum; Wu Weixi; Zhu Yarong (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O0UlsHXmv9IC"><i>The Sanxingdui site: mystical mask on ancient Shu Kingdom</i></a>. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">五洲传播出版社</span></span>. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5085-0852-1" title="Special:BookSources/7-5085-0852-1"><bdi>7-5085-0852-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sanxingdui+site%3A+mystical+mask+on+ancient+Shu+Kingdom&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E4%BA%94%E6%B4%B2%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=7-5085-0852-1&rft.au=Sanxingdui+Museum&rft.au=Wu+Weixi&rft.au=Zhu+Yarong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO0UlsHXmv9IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanxingdui&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sanxingdui" class="extiw" title="commons:Sanxingdui"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Sanxingdui</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sanxingdui" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sanxingdui">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/education/chinatp_san.shtm">More About the Finds at Sanxingdui</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130215195511/http://www.nga.gov/education/chinatp_san.shtm">Archived</a> 2013-02-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, National Gallery of Art</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010825081443/http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/sichuan/mask/default.htm?txt=san.htm&tag=../bottom.htm">Treasures from a Lost Civilization: Ancient Chinese Art from Sichuan</a>, Seattle Art Museum</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaing-Peach2004" class="citation web cs1">Laing-Peach, Jenny (May 20, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013140440/http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2004/0520/tr16-1.html">"Sanxingdui mask relics record traces of Bronze Age"</a>. <i>Shanghai Star</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2004/0520/tr16-1.html">the original</a> on 13 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Star&rft.atitle=Sanxingdui+mask+relics+record+traces+of+Bronze+Age&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.aulast=Laing-Peach&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapp1.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fstar%2F2004%2F0520%2Ftr16-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanxingdui" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sichuan_topics" title="Template talk:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sichuan_topics613" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sichuan" title="Politics of Sichuan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Economy" title="Sichuan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Sichuan" title="List of universities and colleges in Sichuan">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#History" title="Sichuan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">States and kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sanxingdui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a> & <a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengjia" title="Chengjia">Chengjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng-Han" title="Cheng-Han">Cheng-Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zong" title="Qiao Zong">Western Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Shu_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Shu (state) (page does not exist)">Li Shu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%9C%80" class="extiw" title="zh:李蜀">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xia" title="Ming Xia">Ming Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_dynasty" title="Xi dynasty">Da Xi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan-Mongol_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan-Mongol War (page does not exist)">Sichuan-Mongol War</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%94%BB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="extiw" title="zh:蒙古攻四川之戰">zh</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_anti-Mongol_fortresses" title="Sichuan anti-Mongol fortresses">anti-Mongol fortresses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repopulation_of_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repopulation of Sichuan (page does not exist)">Repopulation of Sichuan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%BB%A3%E5%A1%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" class="extiw" title="yue:湖廣填四川">yue</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Movement" title="Railway Protection Movement">Railway Protection Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan during World War II (page does not exist)">Home Front Period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Sichuan" title="Category:Geography of Sichuan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Sichuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Plain" title="Chengdu Plain">Chengdu Plain</a></li> <li>Regions <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Sichuan (page does not exist)">West</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="extiw" title="zh:川西">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Sichuan (page does not exist)">East</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:川東">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Sichuan (page does not exist)">North</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8C%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川北">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Sichuan (page does not exist)">South</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川南">zh</a>]</span>)</small></li> <li>Rivers <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_River" title="Sichuan River">Sichuan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Jialing_River" title="Jialing River">Jialing</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tuo_River" title="Tuo River">Tuo</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Yalong_River" title="Yalong River">Yalong</a>)</small></li> <li>Mountain ranges <small>(<a href="/wiki/Daba_Mountains" title="Daba Mountains">Daba</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Mountains" title="Longmen Mountains">Longmen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_Mountains" title="Qionglai Mountains">Qionglai</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains" title="Hengduan Mountains">Hengduan</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Culture" title="Sichuan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_culture" title="Ba–Shu culture">Ba–Shu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Shu" title="Clothing in ancient Shu">Clothing in ancient Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_embroidery" title="Sichuan embroidery">Sichuan embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuanese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_liquor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese liquor (page does not exist)">Sichuanese liquor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:川酒">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengding_Ganlu_tea" title="Mengding Ganlu tea">Mengding Ganlu tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_tea" title="Panda tea">Panda tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_opera" title="Sichuan opera">Sichuan opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sichuan" title="Music of Sichuan">Sichuanese music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlang_Shen" title="Erlang Shen">Lord of Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese architecture (page does not exist)">Sichuanese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_garden" title="Sichuanese garden">Sichuanese garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_people" title="Sichuanese people">Sichuanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang-speaking_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang-speaking peoples">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Religion" title="Sichuan">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese salvationist religions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="Christianity in Sichuan">Main article</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East_in_Sichuan" title="Church of the East in Sichuan">Church of the East in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sichuan" title="Catholic Church in Sichuan">Catholic Church in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Sichuan" title="Protestantism in Sichuan">Protestantism in Sichuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglicanism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Anglicanism in Sichuan">Anglicanism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Methodism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Methodism in Sichuan">Methodism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakerism_in_Sichuan" title="Quakerism in Sichuan">Quakerism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baptist_Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="History of Baptist Christianity in Sichuan">Baptist Christianity in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Adventism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Adventism in Sichuan">Seventh-day Adventist Church in Sichuan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sichuan" title="Islam in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan" title="Zoroastrianism in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Languages" title="Sichuan">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a> <small>(lingua franca)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a> <small>(extinct)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Standard_Chinese" title="Sichuanese Standard Chinese">Sichuanese Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khams Tibetan language">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiarongic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiarongic languages">Jiarongic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourist attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailu,_Pengzhou" title="Bailu, Pengzhou">Bailu, Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_Irrigation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Dujiangyan Irrigation System">Dujiangyan Irrigation System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gsumge_Mani_Stone_Castle" title="Gsumge Mani Stone Castle">Gsumge Mani Stone Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanglong_Scenic_and_Historic_Interest_Area" title="Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area">Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuzhaigou" title="Jiuzhaigou">Jiuzhaigou Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan_Giant_Buddha" title="Leshan Giant Buddha">Leshan Giant Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Emei" title="Mount Emei">Mount Emei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gongga" title="Mount Gongga">Mount Gongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qingcheng" title="Mount Qingcheng">Mount Qingcheng</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sanxingdui</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Giant_Panda_Sanctuaries" title="Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries">Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cliff_Buddhist_Sculptures" title="Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures">Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sichuan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sichuan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>see also</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Sichuan (page does not exist)">Greater Sichuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_cultures_of_China740" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" title="Template:Prehistoric cultures of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" title="Template talk:Prehistoric cultures of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric cultures of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_cultures_of_China740" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prehistoric cultures of China</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bronze_Age_sites_in_China" title="List of Bronze Age sites in China">Bronze Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northeastern China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglongwa_culture" title="Xinglongwa culture">Xinglongwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglonggou" title="Xinglonggou">Xinglonggou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle_culture" title="Xinle culture">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaobaogou_culture" title="Zhaobaogou culture">Zhaobaogou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongshan_culture" title="Hongshan culture">Hongshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglonggou" title="Xinglonggou">Xinglonggou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuheliang" title="Niuheliang">Niuheliang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoheyan_culture" title="Xiaoheyan culture">Xiaoheyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Xiajiadian_culture" title="Lower Xiajiadian culture">Lower Xiajiadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglonggou" title="Xinglonggou">Xinglonggou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohushan_culture" title="Laohushan culture">Laohushan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xituanshan" title="Xituanshan">Xituanshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning bronze dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Xiajiadian_culture" title="Upper Xiajiadian culture">Upper Xiajiadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijinbao_culture" title="Baijinbao culture">Baijinbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaodaogou_culture" title="Chaodaogou culture">Chaodaogou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggouzi_culture" title="Jinggouzi culture">Jinggouzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper Yellow River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadiwan_culture" title="Dadiwan culture">Dadiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishanping" title="Xishanping">Xishanping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majiayao_culture" title="Majiayao culture">Majiayao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishanping" title="Xishanping">Xishanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banshan" title="Banshan">Banshan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qijia_culture" title="Qijia culture">Qijia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishanping" title="Xishanping">Xishanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajia" title="Lajia">Lajia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhukaigou_culture" title="Zhukaigou culture">Zhukaigou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xindian_culture" title="Xindian culture">Xindian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xicha_culture" title="Xicha culture">Xicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwa_culture" title="Siwa culture">Siwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayue_culture" title="Kayue culture">Kayue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_culture" title="Ordos culture">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoqinggou_culture" title="Maoqinggou culture">Maoqinggou</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Majiayuan_site" title="Majiayuan site">Majiayuan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Yellow River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Nanzhuangtou" title="Nanzhuangtou">Nanzhuangtou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peiligang_culture" title="Peiligang culture">Peiligang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiahu" title="Jiahu">Jiahu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cishan_culture" title="Cishan culture">Cishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadiwan_culture" title="Dadiwan culture">Dadiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijia_culture" title="Baijia culture">Baijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshao_culture" title="Yangshao culture">Yangshao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banpo" title="Banpo">Banpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangzhai,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangzhai, Xi'an">Jiangzhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangguanzhai" title="Yangguanzhai">Yangguanzhai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taosi" title="Taosi">Taosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimao" title="Shimao">Shimao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlitou_culture" title="Erlitou culture">Erlitou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhai" title="Xinzhai">Xinzhai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erligang_culture" title="Erligang culture">Erligang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Shang_City" title="Zhengzhou Shang City">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoshuangqiao" title="Xiaoshuangqiao">Xiaoshuangqiao</a></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Huanbei" title="Huanbei">Huanbei</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower Yellow River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houli_culture" title="Houli culture">Houli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beixin_culture" title="Beixin culture">Beixin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshao_culture" title="Yangshao culture">Yangshao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishuipo" title="Xishuipo">Xishuipo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawenkou_culture" title="Dawenkou culture">Dawenkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengziya" title="Chengziya">Chengziya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueshi_culture" title="Yueshi culture">Yueshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle and Upper Yangtze</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengtoushan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengtoushan">Pengtoushan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashidang" title="Bashidang">Bashidang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengbeixi_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengbeixi culture (page does not exist)">Chengbeixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxi_culture" title="Daxi culture">Daxi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangjiagang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangjiagang (page does not exist)">Tangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengtoushan" title="Chengtoushan">Chengtoushan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujialing_culture" title="Qujialing culture">Qujialing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengtoushan" title="Chengtoushan">Chengtoushan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiahe_culture" title="Shijiahe culture">Shijiahe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengtoushan" title="Chengtoushan">Chengtoushan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baodun_culture" title="Baodun culture">Baodun</a></li> <li>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sanxingdui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erligang_culture" title="Erligang culture">Erligang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panlongcheng" title="Panlongcheng">Panlongcheng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feijiahe_culture" title="Feijiahe culture">Feijiahe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower Yangtze and Huai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Kuahuqiao_site" title="Kuahuqiao site">Kuahuqiao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemudu_culture" title="Hemudu culture">Hemudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majiabang_culture" title="Majiabang culture">Majiabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songze_culture" title="Songze culture">Songze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingjiatan_culture" title="Lingjiatan culture">Lingjiatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangzhu_culture" title="Liangzhu culture">Liangzhu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_ruins_of_Liangzhu_City" title="Archaeological ruins of Liangzhu City">Liangzhu City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangfulin" title="Guangfulin">Guangfulin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maqiao_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maqiao culture (page does not exist)">Maqiao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Zengpiyan" title="Zengpiyan">Zengpiyan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shixia_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shixia culture (page does not exist)">Shixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wucheng_culture" title="Wucheng culture">Wucheng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayangzhou_site" title="Dayangzhou site">Dayangzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanchengdui_culture" title="Fanchengdui culture">Fanchengdui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanchengdui" title="Fanchengdui">Fanchengdui</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Tibet" title="Neolithic Tibet">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karuo_culture" title="Karuo culture">Karuo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qugong_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qugong culture (page does not exist)">Qugong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Xinjiang" title="History of Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Xiaohe_Cemetery" title="Xiaohe Cemetery">Xiaohe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarim_mummies" title="Tarim mummies">Tarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbulaq_culture" title="Yanbulaq culture">Yanbulaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subeshi_culture" title="Subeshi culture">Subeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirenzigou_culture" title="Shirenzigou culture">Shirenzigou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Taiwan" title="Prehistory of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dabenkeng_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabenkeng culture">Dabenkeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beinan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beinan culture">Beinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Beifudi" title="Beifudi">Beifudi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yumin_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yumin culture (page does not exist)">Yumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichengyi_culture" title="Xichengyi culture">Xichengyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siba_culture" title="Siba culture">Siba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanma_culture" title="Shanma culture">Shanma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shajing_culture" title="Shajing culture">Shajing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow River civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology" title="Category:Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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