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href="#Kingdom_of_Shu_(10th_century_BCE_–_316_BCE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kingdom of Shu (10th century BCE – 316 BCE)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kingdom_of_Shu_(10th_century_BCE_–_316_BCE)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Kingdom of Shu (10th century BCE – 316 BCE) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Shu_(10th_century_BCE_–_316_BCE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ba–Shu_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ba–Shu_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ba–Shu culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ba–Shu_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shu_under_Qin_and_Han" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qin_and_Han_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Qin and Han rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qin_and_Han_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shu_in_astronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shu_in_astronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Shu in astronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shu_in_astronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(regne)" title="Shu (regne) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shu (regne)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(Staat)" title="Shu (Staat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shu (Staat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_Shu" title="Reino Shu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino Shu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D9%88" title="ایالت شو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت شو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancien_royaume_de_Shu" title="Ancien royaume de Shu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ancien royaume de Shu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%89_(%EC%B6%98%EC%B6%94_%EC%A0%84%EA%B5%AD)" title="촉 (춘추 전국) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="촉 (춘추 전국)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Shu (država) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shu (država)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(negara)" title="Shu (negara) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shu (negara)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(stato)" title="Shu (stato) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shu (stato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Шу (кралство) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шу (кралство)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(staat)" title="Shu (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shu (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%9C%80" title="古蜀 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古蜀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(stat)" title="Shu (stat) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shu (stat)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(okres_Zhou)" title="Shu (okres Zhou) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shu (okres Zhou)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE,_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83)" title="Шу (царство, период Чжоу) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шу (царство, период Чжоу)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0u_(kraljestvo)" title="Šu (kraljestvo) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šu (kraljestvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88" title="ویلایەتی شوو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلایەتی شوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Shu (država) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shu (država)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(stat)" title="Shu (stat) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shu (stat)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(devlet)" title="Shu (devlet) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shu (devlet)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Шу (царство) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шу (царство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A5c_(n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc)" title="Thục (nước) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thục (nước)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%9C%80" title="古蜀 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古蜀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1193806#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the oldest kingdom of this name in China. For one of the Three Kingdoms, see <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a>. For other later states named Shu, see <a href="/wiki/Shu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Shu (disambiguation)">Shu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Shu</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">蜀</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">?–c. 316 BCE</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the Kingdom of Shu during Zhou dynasty"><img alt="Map showing the Kingdom of Shu during Zhou dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png/250px-States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png/500px-States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1277" data-file-height="903" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Map showing the Kingdom of Shu during Zhou dynasty</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Monarchy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">?</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muye" title="Battle of Muye">Battle of Muye</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1046 BCE</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Conquered by <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">c. 316 BCE</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin (state)</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Shu</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shu_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Shu_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/40px-Shu_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Shu_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/60px-Shu_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Shu_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/80px-Shu_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="749" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Shu" in <a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">seal script</a> (top) and <a href="/wiki/Kaishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaishu">regular</a> (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">蜀</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shǔ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄕㄨˇ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shu<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shǔ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂù]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhounese">Suzhounese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Zóh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Suhk</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Suk<sup>6</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sʊk̚˨]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Sio̍k</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter–Sagart_(2014)" title="Reconstructions of Old Chinese">Baxter–Sagart (2014)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Old Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="och-Latn">*<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d]ok</span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">蜀</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Shǔ</i>; former romanization: <b>Shuh</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), also known as <b>Ancient Shu</b> (Chinese: <span lang="zh">古蜀</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Gǔ Shǔ</span></i>) in historiography, was an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient</a> <a href="/wiki/Realm" title="Realm">kingdom</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</a>. It was based on the <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Plain" title="Chengdu Plain">Chengdu Plain</a>, in the western <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan basin">Sichuan basin</a> with some extension northeast to the upper <a href="/wiki/Hanshui" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanshui">Han River valley</a>. To the east was <a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">the Ba tribal confederation</a>. Further east down the Han and Yangtze rivers was the <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">State of Chu</a>. To the north over the <a href="/wiki/Qinling_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinling Mountains">Qinling Mountains</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">State of Qin</a>. To the west and south were tribal peoples of little military power. </p><p>This independent Shu state was conquered by the state of <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a> in 316 BCE. Recent archaeological discoveries at <a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_(archaeological_site)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinsha (archaeological site)">Jinsha</a> thought to be sites of Shu culture indicate the presence of a unique civilization in this region before the Qin conquest. </p><p>In subsequent periods of Chinese history the Sichuan area continued to be referred to as Shu after this ancient state, and later states founded in the same region were also called Shu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sanxingdui_culture">Sanxingdui culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sanxingdui culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E9%A5%B0_Golden_Sun_Bird.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E9%A5%B0_Golden_Sun_Bird.png/250px-%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E9%A5%B0_Golden_Sun_Bird.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E9%A5%B0_Golden_Sun_Bird.png/330px-%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E9%A5%B0_Golden_Sun_Bird.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E9%A5%B0_Golden_Sun_Bird.png/500px-%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E9%A5%B0_Golden_Sun_Bird.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Golden_Sun_Bird" title="Golden Sun Bird">Golden Sun Bird</a>, believed to be a totem of the ancient Shu people.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F,_2017-09-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F%2C_2017-09-17.jpg/250px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F%2C_2017-09-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F%2C_2017-09-17.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F%2C_2017-09-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F%2C_2017-09-17.jpg/500px-%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%83%8F%2C_2017-09-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption>Bronze figure representing a <a href="/wiki/High_priest" title="High priest">high priest</a> created by the inhabitants of Shu during the thirteenth or twelfth century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Before 316 BCE, the <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a> was isolated from what was then a Bronze Age civilization that was centered in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> basin to the northeast. The discovery of <a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a> in 1987 was a major surprise since it indicated a major culture in <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic China">Neolithic China</a> that was previously unknown. Circa 2050–1250 BCE the site of Sanxingdui 40 km north of <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> appears to have been the center of a fairly extensive kingdom. Objects found in two treasure pits are in a style distinct from objects found from further north. This culture is suggested by many archaeologists to be that of the Shu kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kingdom_of_Shu_(10th_century_BCE_–_316_BCE)"><span id="Kingdom_of_Shu_.2810th_century_BCE_.E2.80.93_316_BCE.29"></span>Kingdom of Shu (10th century BCE – 316 BCE)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Shu (10th century BCE – 316 BCE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are very few mentions of Shu in the early Chinese historical records until the 4th century BCE. Although there are possible references to a "Shu" in <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bones" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle bones">oracle bones</a> inscriptions that indicate contact between Shu and Shang, it is not clear if the Shu mentioned refer to the kingdom in Sichuan or other different polities elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-ta_cheng_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ta_cheng-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shu was first mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Shujing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shujing">Shujing</a></i> as one of the allies of <a href="/wiki/King_Wu_of_Zhou" title="King Wu of Zhou">King Wu of Zhou</a> who helped defeat the Shang in 1046 BCE at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muye" title="Battle of Muye">Battle of Muye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, shortly after Zhou's conquest, it was mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Yizhoushu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yizhoushu">Yizhoushu</a></i> that a subordinate of King Wu led an expedition against Shu.<sup id="cite_ref-ta_cheng_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ta_cheng-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the battle of Muye, northern influences on Shu seem to have increased and then decreased while the Shu remained culturally distinct; archaeology suggests contacts with Shu in the late Shang and early Zhou period, but little evidence of influence from later Zhou.<sup id="cite_ref-ta_cheng_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ta_cheng-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expulsion of the Zhou from the <a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei River</a> valley in 771 BCE probably increased Shu's isolation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg/220px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg/330px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg/440px-%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%B5%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A large bronze head with protruding eyes believed to be a depiction of <a href="/wiki/Cancong" title="Cancong">Cancong</a>, the semi-legendary first king of Shu</figcaption></figure> <p>Written accounts of Shu are largely a mixture of mythological stories and historical legends found in local annals and miscellaneous notes,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which include the Han dynasty compilation <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronicle_of_the_Kings_of_Shu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronicle of the Kings of Shu (page does not exist)">Chronicle of the Kings of Shu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80" class="extiw" title="zh:蜀王本紀">zh</a>]</span></i> and the Jin dynasty <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Huayang" title="Chronicles of Huayang">Chronicles of Huayang</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a few names of semi-legendary kings and emperors, such as <a href="/wiki/Cancong" title="Cancong">Cancong</a> (meaning "silkworm-bush"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boguan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boguan (page does not exist)">Boguan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E7%81%8C" class="extiw" title="zh:柏灌">zh</a>]</span> ("cypress-irrigator"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yufu_(king)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yufu (king) (page does not exist)">Yufu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%B3%A7" class="extiw" title="zh:魚鳧">zh</a>]</span> ("cormorant"), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duyu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duyu (page does not exist)">Duyu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%AE%87" class="extiw" title="zh:杜宇">zh</a>]</span> ("cuckoo"). According to <i>Chronicles of Huayang</i>, Cancong was the first of the legendary kings and had protruding eyes, while Duyu taught the people agriculture and transformed into a cuckoo after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-ta_cheng_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ta_cheng-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 666 BCE a man from <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a> called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bieling_(king)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bieling (king) (page does not exist)">Bieling</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFt_Linh" class="extiw" title="vi:Biết Linh">vi</a>]</span> ("turtle spirit") founded the <a href="/wiki/Kaiming_dynasty" title="Kaiming dynasty">Kaiming dynasty</a> which lasted twelve generations until the Qin conquest. Legend has it that Bieling had died in Chu and his body floated upriver to Shu, whereupon he came back to life. While at Shu, he was successful in managing a flood and Duyu then abdicated in his favor. A later account states that the Kaiming kings occupied the far south of Shu before travelling up the <a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min River</a> and taking over from Duyu.<sup id="cite_ref-sage_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sage-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ba–Shu_culture"><span id="Ba.E2.80.93Shu_culture"></span>Ba–Shu culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ba–Shu culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_culture" title="Ba–Shu culture">Ba–Shu culture</a></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">state of Chu</a> expanded westward up the Han and Yangtze valleys it pushed the <a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba peoples</a> west toward Shu. In the 5th and 4th centuries BCE in Sichuan archaeologists hold that this interaction helped create Ba–Shu culture. There was also some Chu influence on the Shu state. In 474 BCE emissaries from the Shu state presented gifts to the <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a> state which was the first recorded contact between these two states. Later Shu troops crossed the <a href="/wiki/Qinling_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinling Mountains">Qinling Mountains</a> and approached the Qin capital of Yong, and in 387 Shu and Qin troops clashed near <a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a> on the upper Han river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shu_under_Qin_and_Han">Shu under Qin and Han</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shu under Qin and Han"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conquest_by_Qin_in_316_BCE">Conquest by Qin in 316 BCE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conquest by Qin in 316 BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_plain_5c._BC-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chinese_plain_5c._BC-en.svg/400px-Chinese_plain_5c._BC-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chinese_plain_5c._BC-en.svg/600px-Chinese_plain_5c._BC-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chinese_plain_5c._BC-en.svg/800px-Chinese_plain_5c._BC-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Sichuan Basin before the Qin conquest, 5th century BCE</figcaption></figure> <p>About 356–338 BCE <a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang Yang</a> strengthened the Qin state by centralizing it. In 337 BCE Shu emissaries congratulated <a href="/wiki/King_Huiwen_of_Qin" title="King Huiwen of Qin">King Huiwen of Qin</a> on his accession. At about this time the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Cattle_Road" title="Stone Cattle Road">Stone Cattle Road</a> was built over the mountains to connect Qin and Shu. About 316 BCE the Marquis of Zu, who held part of the Stone Cattle Road, became involved with Ba and quarreled with his brother, the twelfth Kaiming King. The Marquis was defeated and fled to Ba and then to Qin. <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yi_(Warring_States_Period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhang Yi (Warring States Period)">Zhang Yi</a> proposed that Qin should ignore these barbarians and continue its eastward expansion onto the central plain. Sima Cuo proposed that Qin should use its superior army to annex Shu, develop its resources and use the added strength for a later attack eastward. Sima Cuo's proposal was accepted and both advisors were sent south as generals. The two armies met near Jaimeng on the <a href="/wiki/Jialing_River" title="Jialing River">Jialing River</a> in Ba territory. The Kaiming king lost several battles and withdrew southward to Wuyang where he was captured and killed. Qin then turned on its allies and annexed Ba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qin_and_Han_rule">Qin and Han rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Qin and Han rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 314 BCE the late Kaiming king's son was appointed Marquis Yaotong of Shu to rule in conjunction with a Qin governor. In 311 BCE an official named Chen Zhuang revolted and killed Yaotong. Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi again invaded Sichuan and killed Chen Zhuang. Another Kaiming called Hui was made Marquis. In 301 BCE he was involved in an intrigue and chose suicide when confronted with Sima Cuo's army. His son, Wan, the last Kaiming marquis, reigned from 300 until 285 BCE when he was put to death. (Some say that <a href="/wiki/An_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="An Dương Vương">An Dương Vương</a> in Vietnamese history was a member of the Kaiming family who led his people southward.) </p><p>The conquest had more than doubled Qin's territory and gave it an area safe from the other states except Chu, but the land had to be developed before its taxes could be converted into military strength. Shu was made a "jun" or <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">commandery</a> and became a testing ground for this type of administration. Chengdu was surrounded by an enormous wall. Land was redistributed and divided into rectangular plots. Tens of thousands of colonists were brought in from the north. Many were convicts or people displaced by the wars further north. They were marched south in columns supervised by Qin officials. The great <a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_Irrigation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Dujiangyan Irrigation System">Dujiangyan Irrigation System</a> was begun to divert the <a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min River</a> east to the Chengdu Plain. Qin intervention in Ba was less extensive, apparently to avoid alienating a warlike people on the border of Chu. </p><p>During the conquest Chu was still tied up in the east with the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Yue_(state)" title="Yue (state)">Yue</a>. In 312 BCE Qin and Chu troops clashed on the upper Han River. Zhang Yi used a mixture of threat and bluff to block any interference from Chu. Later a Chu general named Zhuang Qiao pushed west and occupied the tribal territory south of the Yangtze south of Shu. In 281 BCE Sima Cuo crossed the Yangtze and cut him off from Chu. He responded by declaring himself an independent king and he and his troops gradually blended into the local population. Starting in 280 BCE or before general <a href="/wiki/Bai_Qi" title="Bai Qi">Bai Qi</a> pushed down the Han River and took the Chu capital (278 BCE). In 277 BCE the <a href="/wiki/Three_Gorges" title="Three Gorges">Three Gorges</a> area was taken. The effect was to create a new Qin frontier east of Sichuan. </p><p>Sichuan remained quiescent during the wars before and after the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> indicating the Qin policy of assimilation had been successful. Archaeological remains in Shu from this period are very similar to those of northern China, while the Ba area remained somewhat distinct. When <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bang" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Bang">Liu Bang</a> launched his campaign to found the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> Sichuan was an important supply base. In 135 BCE, under the expansionist <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu of Han</a>, general Tang Meng, attempting an indirect approach to the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a>, made a push south of the Yangtze River and a little later <a href="/wiki/Sima_Xiangru" title="Sima Xiangru">Sima Xiangru</a> pushed into the hill country west of Sichuan. These campaigns into tribal territory proved more expensive than they were worth and in 126 BCE they were both cancelled to shift resources to the <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a> wars in the north. In the same year <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qian" title="Zhang Qian">Zhang Qian</a> returned from the west and reported that it might be possible to reach India from Sichuan. An attempt to do this was blocked by the hill tribes. In 112 BCE Tang Meng resumed his expansionist wars southward. His harsh methods provoked a near mutiny in Sichuan and Sima Xiangru was brought in to enforce a more moderate policy. By this time Chinese expansion across flat agricultural country had reached a natural geographical limit. Expansion into the hill country to the south and west was much slower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shu_in_astronomy">Shu in astronomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Shu in astronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shu is represented by star <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Serpentis" title="Alpha Serpentis">Alpha Serpentis</a> in asterism <i>Right Wall</i>, <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Market_enclosure" title="Heavenly Market enclosure">Heavenly Market enclosure</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Chinese_constellation" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese constellation">Chinese constellation</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with <a href="/wiki/Lambda_Serpentis" title="Lambda Serpentis">Lambda Serpentis</a> in R.H.Allen's works.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Shu" title="Clothing in ancient Shu">Clothing in ancient Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_embroidery" title="Sichuan embroidery">Sichuan embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_tombs_of_boat-shaped_coffins" title="Joint tombs of boat-shaped coffins">Joint tombs of boat-shaped coffins</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTorrance1924" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Torrance" title="Thomas Torrance">Torrance, T.</a> (March 1924). Stewart, James Livingstone (ed.). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AThe_West_China_Missionary_News_(March%2C_1924).pdf&page=28">"The History of Shuh: A Free Translation of the 'Shuh Chi'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_China_Missionary_News" title="The West China Missionary News">The West China Missionary News</a></i>. Chengtu: West China Missions Advisory Board. p. 26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+West+China+Missionary+News&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Shuh%3A+A+Free+Translation+of+the+%27Shuh+Chi%27&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1924-03&rft.aulast=Torrance&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFile%253AThe_West_China_Missionary_News_%28March%252C_1924%29.pdf%26page%3D28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+%28kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiFêngYü2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Li, Hsing-jung; Fêng, Ming-i; Yü, Chih-yung (1 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yaIkCwAAQBAJ&q=%E9%87%91%E6%B2%99%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%A5%9E%E9%B3%A5+%E5%B7%B4%E8%9C%80%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C&pg=PA331"><i>導遊實訓課程</i></a> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: E-culture. p. 331. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-5650-34-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-5650-34-6"><bdi>978-986-5650-34-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8E%E9%81%8A%E5%AF%A6%E8%A8%93%E8%AA%B2%E7%A8%8B&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pages=331&rft.pub=E-culture&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.isbn=978-986-5650-34-6&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Hsing-jung&rft.au=F%C3%AAng%2C+Ming-i&rft.au=Y%C3%BC%2C+Chih-yung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyaIkCwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%25B2%2599%25E5%25A4%25AA%25E9%2599%25BD%25E7%25A5%259E%25E9%25B3%25A5%2B%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E8%259C%2580%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%258C%2596%25E6%25A8%2599%25E8%25AA%258C%26pg%3DPA331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+%28kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTe_Winkle2005" class="citation journal cs1">Te Winkle, Kimberley S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp149_bronze_age_chengdu.pdf">"A Sacred Trinity: God, Mountain and Bird. Cultic Practices of the Bronze Age Chengdu Plain"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sino-Platonic_Papers" title="Sino-Platonic Papers">Sino-Platonic Papers</a></i> (149): 13. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2157-9679">2157-9679</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sino-Platonic+Papers&rft.atitle=A+Sacred+Trinity%3A+God%2C+Mountain+and+Bird.+Cultic+Practices+of+the+Bronze+Age+Chengdu+Plain&rft.issue=149&rft.pages=13&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=2157-9679&rft.aulast=Te+Winkle&rft.aufirst=Kimberley+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsino-platonic.org%2Fcomplete%2Fspp149_bronze_age_chengdu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+%28kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ta_cheng-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ta_cheng_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ta_cheng_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ta_cheng_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ta_cheng_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTerry_F._Kleeman1998" class="citation book cs1">Terry F. Kleeman (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FAJrw0yInnAC&pg=PA19"><i>Ta Chʻeng, Great Perfection – Religion and Ethnicity in a Chinese Millennial Kingdom</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-1800-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-1800-8"><bdi>0-8248-1800-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ta+Ch%CA%BBeng%2C+Great+Perfection+%E2%80%93+Religion+and+Ethnicity+in+a+Chinese+Millennial+Kingdom&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8248-1800-8&rft.au=Terry+F.+Kleeman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFAJrw0yInnAC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+%28kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/shang-shu/speech-at-mu">Shujing</a> Original text: 王曰：「嗟！我友邦塚君御事，司徒、司鄧、司空，亞旅、師氏，千夫長、百夫長，及庸，蜀、羌、髳、微、盧、彭、濮人。稱爾戈，比爾干，立爾矛，予其誓。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanxingdui_MuseumWu_WeixiZhu_Yarong2006" class="citation book cs1">Sanxingdui Museum; Wu Weixi; Zhu Yarong (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O0UlsHXmv9IC"><i>The Sanxingdui site: mystical mask on ancient Shu Kingdom</i></a>. 五洲传播出版社. pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5085-0852-1" title="Special:BookSources/7-5085-0852-1"><bdi>7-5085-0852-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sanxingdui+site%3A+mystical+mask+on+ancient+Shu+Kingdom&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E6%B4%B2%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=7-5085-0852-1&rft.au=Sanxingdui+Museum&rft.au=Wu+Weixi&rft.au=Zhu+Yarong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO0UlsHXmv9IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+%28kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSun_Hua2013" class="citation book cs1">Sun Hua (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I3XG3H_WlM8C&pg=PT182">"Chapter 8: The Sanxingdui Culture of Sichuan"</a>. In Anne P. Underhill (ed.). <i>A Companion to Chinese Archaeology</i>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-32578-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-32578-0"><bdi>978-1-118-32578-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%3A+The+Sanxingdui+Culture+of+Sichuan&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Chinese+Archaeology&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-118-32578-0&rft.au=Sun+Hua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI3XG3H_WlM8C%26pg%3DPT182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+%28kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRowan_K._FladPochan_Chen2013" class="citation book cs1">Rowan K. Flad; Pochan Chen (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RcH7PLTz3OIC&pg=PA72"><i>Ancient Central China: Centers and Peripheries Along the Yangzi River</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89900-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89900-0"><bdi>978-0-521-89900-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Central+China%3A+Centers+and+Peripheries+Along+the+Yangzi+River&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89900-0&rft.au=Rowan+K.+Flad&rft.au=Pochan+Chen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRcH7PLTz3OIC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+%28kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChang_Qu" class="citation book cs1">Chang Qu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/06061130.cn#page/n90/mode/2up">"Book 3 (卷三)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Huayang" title="Chronicles of Huayang">Chronicles of Huayang</a> (華陽國志)</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">90–</span>91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+3+%28%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%89%29&rft.btitle=Chronicles+of+Huayang+%28%E8%8F%AF%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E90-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.au=Chang+Qu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2F06061130.cn%23page%2Fn90%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+%28kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sage-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sage_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteven_F._Sage1992" class="citation book cs1">Steven F. Sage (January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VDIrG7h_VuQC&pg=PA45"><i>Ancient Sichuan and the Unification of China</i></a>. State University of New York Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">45–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1038-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1038-7"><bdi>978-0-7914-1038-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Sichuan+and+the+Unification+of+China&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1992-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1038-7&rft.au=Steven+F.+Sage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVDIrG7h_VuQC%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+%28kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060624.html">AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 24 日</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Serpens*.html"><i>Star Names</i>, R.H.Allen p.376</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Sage" title="Steven Sage">Steven F. Sage</a>. 'Ancient Sichuan and the Unification of China', 1992, which this article mostly summarizes</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chengdu136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District_(China)" title="District (China)">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Chengdu" title="Jinjiang, Chengdu">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Chengdu" title="Qingyang, Chengdu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinniu,_Chengdu" title="Jinniu, Chengdu">Jinniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhou,_Chengdu" title="Wuhou, Chengdu">Wuhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenghua,_Chengdu" title="Chenghua, Chengdu">Chenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquanyi,_Chengdu" title="Longquanyi, Chengdu">Longquanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingbaijiang,_Chengdu" title="Qingbaijiang, Chengdu">Qingbaijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xindu,_Chengdu" title="Xindu, Chengdu">Xindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenjiang,_Chengdu" title="Wenjiang, Chengdu">Wenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliu,_Chengdu" title="Shuangliu, Chengdu">Shuangliu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianfu_New_Area" title="Tianfu New Area">Tianfu New Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidu,_Chengdu" title="Pidu, Chengdu">Pidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjin,_Chengdu" title="Xinjin, Chengdu">Xinjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County_(China)" title="County (China)">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jintang_County" title="Jintang County">Jintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayi_County" title="Dayi County">Dayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pujiang_County,_Sichuan" title="Pujiang County, Sichuan">Pujiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_railway_station" title="Chengdu railway station">Chengdu railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_East_railway_station" title="Chengdu East railway station">Chengdu East railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_South_railway_station" title="Chengdu South railway station">Chengdu South railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Metro" title="Chengdu Metro">Chengdu Metro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chengdu_Metro_stations" title="List of Chengdu Metro stations">stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Public_Transport_Group" title="Chengdu Public Transport Group">Chengdu Public Transport Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Shuangliu_International_Airport" title="Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport">Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Tianfu_International_Airport" title="Chengdu Tianfu International Airport">Chengdu Tianfu International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenjiang_Air_Force_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenjiang Air Force Base (page does not exist)">Wenjiang Air Force Base</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E6%B8%A9%E6%B1%9F%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="extiw" title="zh:成都温江机场">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taipingsi_Airfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taipingsi Airfield (page does not exist)">Taipingsi Airfield</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%AF%BA%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="extiw" title="zh:成都太平寺机场">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_Air_Base" title="Qionglai Air Base">Qionglai Air Force Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Fenghuangshan_Airport" title="Chengdu Fenghuangshan Airport">Fenghuangshan Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjin_Airport" title="Xinjin Airport">Xinjin Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengdu_Huaizhou_Airport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengdu Huaizhou Airport (page does not exist)">Chengdu Huaizhou Airport</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E6%B7%AE%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="extiw" title="zh:成都淮州机场">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu%E2%80%93Chongqing_intercity_railway" title="Chengdu–Chongqing intercity railway">Chengdu–Chongqing intercity railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu%E2%80%93Chongqing_railway" title="Chengdu–Chongqing railway">Chengdu–Chongqing railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chengdu%E2%80%93Chongqing_high-speed_railway" title="Second Chengdu–Chongqing high-speed railway">Second Chengdu–Chongqing high-speed railway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingchengshan_Airport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingchengshan Airport (page does not exist)">Qingchengshan Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chunxi_Road" title="Chunxi Road">Chunxi Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun_Bridge" title="Anshun Bridge">Anshun Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Research_Base_of_Giant_Panda_Breeding" title="Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding">Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan" title="Dujiangyan">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Ocean_Taikoo_Li_Chengdu" title="Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu">Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Chengdu)" title="People's Park (Chengdu)">People's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinli" title="Jinli">Jinli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Zoo" title="Chengdu Zoo">Chengdu Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qingcheng" title="Mount Qingcheng">Mount Qingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianchuan_Museum_Cluster" title="Jianchuan Museum Cluster">Jianchuan Museum Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan Museum (page does not exist)">Sichuan Museum</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:四川博物院">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Science_and_Technology_Museum" title="Sichuan Science and Technology Museum">Sichuan Science and Technology Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Chengdu_Shishi_High_School" title="Sichuan Chengdu Shishi High School">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Chengdu_No.7_High_School" title="Sichuan Chengdu No.7 High School">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucai_School_Attached_to_Sichuan_Chengdu_No.7_High_School" title="Yucai School Attached to Sichuan Chengdu No.7 High School">Yucai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Chengdu_Shude_High_School" title="Sichuan Chengdu Shude High School">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sec. int'l</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_International_School" title="Chengdu International School">Chengdu Int'l</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Meishi_International_School" title="Chengdu Meishi International School">Meishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9man_International_School_Chengdu" title="Léman International School Chengdu">Léman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvern_College_Chengdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvern College Chengdu">Malvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_International_College_of_Chengdu" title="Oxford International College of Chengdu">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QSI_International_School_of_Chengdu" title="QSI International School of Chengdu">QSI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_University" title="Chengdu University">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Electronic_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Electronic Science and Technology of China">Electronic Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_University_of_Information_Technology" title="Chengdu University of Information Technology">Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Neusoft_University" title="Chengdu Neusoft University">Neusoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_University" title="Sichuan University">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Normal_University" title="Sichuan Normal University">Sichuan Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Sichuan Conservatory of Music">Sichuan Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Minzu_University" title="Southwest Minzu University">Southwest Minzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Jiaotong_University" title="Southwest Jiaotong University">Southwest Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Sport_University" title="Chengdu Sport University">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Southwestern University of Finance and Economics">Southwestern Finance and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_University_of_Technology" title="Chengdu University of Technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_University_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" title="Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Traditional Chinese Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_China_Medical_Center" title="West China Medical Center">West China Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihua_University" title="Xihua University">Xihua</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Merged6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Merged</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Chengdu University of Science and Technology">Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military and Law Enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/77th_Group_Army" title="77th Group Army">77th Group Army</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLA_Ground_Force_Sixth_Comprehensive_Training_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLA Ground Force Sixth Comprehensive Training Base (page does not exist)">PLA Ground Force Sixth Comprehensive Training Base</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%AE%AD%E7%BB%83%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民解放军陆军第六综合训练基地">zh</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenjiang_Air_Force_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenjiang Air Force Base (page does not exist)">Wenjiang Air Force Base</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E6%B8%A9%E6%B1%9F%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="extiw" title="zh:成都温江机场">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Theater_Command_Air_Force_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Theater Command Air Force Hospital (page does not exist)">Western Theater Command Air Force Hospital</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E6%88%98%E5%8C%BA%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民解放军西部战区空军医院">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taipingsi_Airfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taipingsi Airfield (page does not exist)">Taipingsi Airfield</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%AF%BA%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="extiw" title="zh:成都太平寺机场">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_Air_Base" title="Qionglai Air Base">Qionglai Air Force Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theater_Command_Air_Force#Transport_Units" title="Western Theater Command Air Force">10th Air Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theater_Command_Air_Force#Transport_Units" title="Western Theater Command Air Force">12th Air Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Fenghuangshan_Airport" title="Chengdu Fenghuangshan Airport">Fenghuangshan Air Base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">Armed Police</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Armed_Police_Sichuan_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Armed Police Sichuan Corps (page does not exist)">People's Armed Police Sichuan Corps</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81%E6%80%BB%E9%98%9F" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民武装警察部队四川省总队">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Armed_Police_Chengdu_Detachment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Armed Police Chengdu Detachment (page does not exist)">People's Armed Police Chengdu Detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Officers_college_of_People%27s_Armed_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Officers college of People's Armed Police (page does not exist)">Officers college of People's Armed Police</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F%E8%AD%A6%E5%AE%98%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民武装警察部队警官学院">zh</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">Public Security Bureau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan_Provincial_Public_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department (page does not exist)">Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E5%BB%B3" class="extiw" title="zh:四川省公安廳">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengdu_Municipal_Public_Security_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengdu Municipal Public Security Bureau (page does not exist)">Chengdu Municipal Public Security Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayi_County_Public_Security_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dayi County Public Security Bureau (page does not exist)">Dayi County Public Security Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dujiangyan_Municipal_Public_Security_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dujiangyan Municipal Public Security Bureau (page does not exist)">Dujiangyan Municipal Public Security Bureau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">MSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan State Security Department (page does not exist)">Sichuan State Security Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Aircraft_Industry_Group" title="Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group">Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theater_Command" title="Western Theater Command">Western Theater Command</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Tiancheng_F.C." title="Chengdu Tiancheng F.C.">Chengdu Tiancheng F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Chengdu" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Chengdu">LGBT culture in Chengdu</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Summer_World_University_Games" title="2021 Summer World University Games">2021 Summer World University Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu-Chongqing_Economic_Circle" title="Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle">Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sichuan_topics613" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sichuan_topics" title="Template talk:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sichuan_topics613" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sichuan" title="Politics of Sichuan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Economy" title="Sichuan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Sichuan" title="List of universities and colleges in Sichuan">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#History" title="Sichuan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">States and kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a> & <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengjia" title="Chengjia">Chengjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng-Han" title="Cheng-Han">Cheng-Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zong" title="Qiao Zong">Western Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Shu_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Shu (state) (page does not exist)">Li Shu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%9C%80" class="extiw" title="zh:李蜀">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xia" title="Ming Xia">Ming Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_dynasty" title="Xi dynasty">Da Xi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan-Mongol_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan-Mongol War (page does not exist)">Sichuan-Mongol War</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%94%BB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="extiw" title="zh:蒙古攻四川之戰">zh</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_anti-Mongol_fortresses" title="Sichuan anti-Mongol fortresses">anti-Mongol fortresses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repopulation_of_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repopulation of Sichuan (page does not exist)">Repopulation of Sichuan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%BB%A3%E5%A1%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" class="extiw" title="yue:湖廣填四川">yue</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Movement" title="Railway Protection Movement">Railway Protection Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan during World War II (page does not exist)">Home Front Period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Sichuan" title="Category:Geography of Sichuan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Sichuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Plain" title="Chengdu Plain">Chengdu Plain</a></li> <li>Regions <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Sichuan (page does not exist)">West</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="extiw" title="zh:川西">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Sichuan (page does not exist)">East</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:川東">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Sichuan (page does not exist)">North</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8C%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川北">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Sichuan (page does not exist)">South</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川南">zh</a>]</span>)</small></li> <li>Rivers <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_River" title="Sichuan River">Sichuan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Jialing_River" title="Jialing River">Jialing</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tuo_River" title="Tuo River">Tuo</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Yalong_River" title="Yalong River">Yalong</a>)</small></li> <li>Mountain ranges <small>(<a href="/wiki/Daba_Mountains" title="Daba Mountains">Daba</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Mountains" title="Longmen Mountains">Longmen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_Mountains" title="Qionglai Mountains">Qionglai</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains" title="Hengduan Mountains">Hengduan</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Culture" title="Sichuan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_culture" title="Ba–Shu culture">Ba–Shu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Shu" title="Clothing in ancient Shu">Clothing in ancient Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_embroidery" title="Sichuan embroidery">Sichuan embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuanese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_liquor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese liquor (page does not exist)">Sichuanese liquor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:川酒">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengding_Ganlu_tea" title="Mengding Ganlu tea">Mengding Ganlu tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_tea" title="Panda tea">Panda tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_opera" title="Sichuan opera">Sichuan opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sichuan" title="Music of Sichuan">Sichuanese music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlang_Shen" title="Erlang Shen">Lord of Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese architecture (page does not exist)">Sichuanese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_garden" title="Sichuanese garden">Sichuanese garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_people" title="Sichuanese people">Sichuanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang-speaking_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang-speaking peoples">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Religion" title="Sichuan">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese salvationist religions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="Christianity in Sichuan">Main article</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East_in_Sichuan" title="Church of the East in Sichuan">Church of the East in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sichuan" title="Catholic Church in Sichuan">Catholic Church in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Sichuan" title="Protestantism in Sichuan">Protestantism in Sichuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglicanism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Anglicanism in Sichuan">Anglicanism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Methodism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Methodism in Sichuan">Methodism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakerism_in_Sichuan" title="Quakerism in Sichuan">Quakerism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baptist_Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="History of Baptist Christianity in Sichuan">Baptist Christianity in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Adventism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Adventism in Sichuan">Seventh-day Adventist Church in Sichuan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sichuan" title="Islam in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan" title="Zoroastrianism in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Languages" title="Sichuan">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a> <small>(lingua franca)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a> <small>(extinct)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Standard_Chinese" title="Sichuanese Standard Chinese">Sichuanese Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khams Tibetan language">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiarongic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiarongic languages">Jiarongic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourist attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailu,_Pengzhou" title="Bailu, Pengzhou">Bailu, Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_Irrigation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Dujiangyan Irrigation System">Dujiangyan Irrigation System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gsumge_Mani_Stone_Castle" title="Gsumge Mani Stone Castle">Gsumge Mani Stone Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanglong_Scenic_and_Historic_Interest_Area" title="Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area">Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuzhaigou" title="Jiuzhaigou">Jiuzhaigou Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan_Giant_Buddha" title="Leshan Giant Buddha">Leshan Giant Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Emei" title="Mount Emei">Mount Emei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gongga" title="Mount Gongga">Mount Gongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qingcheng" title="Mount Qingcheng">Mount Qingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Giant_Panda_Sanctuaries" title="Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries">Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cliff_Buddhist_Sculptures" title="Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures">Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sichuan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sichuan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>see also</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Sichuan (page does not exist)">Greater Sichuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Chinese_states110" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zhou_dynasty_topics" title="Template:Zhou dynasty topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zhou_dynasty_topics" title="Template talk:Zhou dynasty topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zhou_dynasty_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zhou dynasty topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Chinese_states110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_states" title="Ancient Chinese states">Ancient Chinese states</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zhou_dynasty_states" title="List of Zhou dynasty states">Zhou dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cai_(state)" title="Cai (state)">Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_(state)" title="Cao (state)">Cao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_(state)" title="Chen (state)">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(state)" title="Lu (state)">Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_(state)" title="Song (state)">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wey_(state)" title="Wey (state)">Wey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_(state)" title="Wu (state)">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_(state)" title="Yan (state)">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_(state)" title="Yue (state)">Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_(state)" title="Zheng (state)">Zheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei_(state)" title="Bei (state)">Bei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao_(state)" title="Chao (state)">Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(state)" title="Dao (state)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(Spring_and_Autumn_period)" title="Dai (Spring and Autumn period)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_(state)" title="Deng (state)">Deng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_(state)" title="E (state)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Guo" title="Eastern Guo">Eastern Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Guo" title="Western Guo">Western Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumie" title="Gumie">Gumie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzhu" title="Guzhu">Guzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_(NW_Zhou_state)" title="Han (NW Zhou state)">Han (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_(SE_Zhou_state)" title="Han (SE Zhou state)">Han (SE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_(state)" title="Hua (state)">Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_(state)" title="Huang (state)">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_(state)" title="Huo (state)">Huo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_(state_in_modern_Beijing)" title="Ji (state in modern Beijing)">Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_(state_in_modern_Shandong)" title="Ji (state in modern Shandong)"> Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jia_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jia (state) (page does not exist)">Jia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_(state)" title="Ju (state)">Ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(state)" title="Lai (state)">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_(state)" title="Liang (state)">Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_(Zhou_dynasty_state)" title="Liao (Zhou dynasty state)">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_(state)" title="Lü (state)">Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_(state)" title="Luo (state)">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_(Chinese_state)" title="Na (Chinese state)">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_(Western_Zhou_state)" title="Peng (Western Zhou state)">Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_(state)" title="Pi (state)">Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(Henan)" title="Qi (Henan)">Qǐ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_(state)" title="Quan (state)">Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui_(state)" title="Rui (state)">Rui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruo_(state)" title="Ruo (state)">Ruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(state)" title="Shen (state)">Shēn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%9Bn_(state)" title="Shěn (state)">Shěn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_(state)" title="Sui (state)">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_(state)" title="Tan (state)">Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teng_(state)" title="Teng (state)">Teng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_(state)" title="Xi (state)">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_(state)" title="Xian (state)">Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xing_(state)" title="Xing (state)">Xing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_(state)" title="Xu (state)">Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C7%94_(state)" title="Xǔ (state)">Xǔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_(state)" title="Yang (state)">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_(state)" title="Ying (state)"> Ying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiqu" title="Yiqu">Yiqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Xian_of_Jin#Conquests_of_Yu_and_Guo" title="Duke Xian of Jin">Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_(state)" title="Zeng (state)">Zeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongli_(state)" title="Zhongli (state)">Zhongli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_(state)" title="Zhongshan (state)">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoulai" title="Zhoulai">Zhoulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_(state)" title="Zou (state)">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Warring_States" title="Seven Warring States">Seven states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_(Warring_States)" title="Han (Warring States)">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_(state)" title="Yan (state)">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_(state)" title="Zhao (state)">Zhao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_(state)" title="Cai (state)">Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(Warring_States_period)" title="Dai (Warring States period)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhou_(state)" title="Eastern Zhou (state)">Eastern Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(state)" title="Lu (state)">Lu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_(state)" title="Song (state)">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teng_(state)" title="Teng (state)">Teng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou_(state)" title="Western Zhou (state)">Western Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wey_(state)" title="Wey (state)">Wey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiqu" title="Yiqu">Yiqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_(state)" title="Yue (state)">Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_(state)" title="Zheng (state)">Zheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_(state)" title="Zhongshan (state)">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_(state)" title="Zou (state)">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193806#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata483" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193806#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata483" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193806#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4342219-6">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&oldid=1264484541">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shu_(kingdom)&oldid=1264484541</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shu_(state)" title="Category:Shu 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