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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1839</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 173 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-173" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">173 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1839 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1839 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1839 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1839 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B3%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۳۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۳۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AF" title="১৮৩৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৩৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_n%C3%AE" title="1839 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1839 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1839 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1839 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839." title="1839. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1839." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1839 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1839 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B3%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۳۹ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۳۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%E5%B9%B4" title="1839年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1839年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%EB%85%84" title="1839년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1839년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="१८३९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८३९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839." title="1839. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1839." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৮৩৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৩৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1839-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1839-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%A9%E0%B3%AF" title="೧೮೩೯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೩೯" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1839 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1839 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1839 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1839 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1839-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1839-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1839 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1839 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D0%B8" title="1839 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1839 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839._gads" title="1839. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1839. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1839 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1839 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_m." title="1839 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1839 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="१८३९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८३९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १८३९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८३९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B3%DB%B9" title="۱۸۳۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۳۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1839 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1839 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%83%E1%81%89" title="၁၈၃၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၃၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="ई सं १८३९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८३९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%E5%B9%B4" title="1839年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1839年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1839 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1839 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A9%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୮୩୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୩୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="१८३९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८३९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1839" title="Joohr 1839 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1839" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1839 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1839 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="१८३९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८३९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%D8%B9" title="1839ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1839ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A3%D9%A9" title="١٨٣٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٣٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839." title="1839. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1839." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1839 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1839 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2382" title="พ.ศ. 2382 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2382" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1839" title="Соли 1839 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1839" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%D8%A1" title="1839ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1839ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_nienz" title="1839 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1839 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4" title="一八三九年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一八三九年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%E5%B9%B4" title="1839年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1839年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%E5%B9%B4" title="1839年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1839年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%E5%B9%B4" title="1839年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1839年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1839" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7616#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820s" title="1820s">1820s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1836" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1836">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1837" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1837">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1838" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1838">1838</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1839" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1839">1839</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1840" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1840">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1841" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1841">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1842" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1842">1842</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destruction_of_opium_in_1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Destruction_of_opium_in_1839.jpg/250px-Destruction_of_opium_in_1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Destruction_of_opium_in_1839.jpg/500px-Destruction_of_opium_in_1839.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a>: China's Imperial Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Lin_Zexu" title="Lin Zexu">Lin Zexu</a> begins month-long program of destroying <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a> seized from British traders, triggering the First Opium War</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1839" title="Category:1839">1839 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_archaeology" title="1839 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_architecture" title="1839 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_art" title="1839 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_literature" title="1839 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_poetry" title="1839 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_music" title="1839 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Australia" title="1839 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Belgium" title="1839 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Brazil" title="1839 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Canada" title="1839 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_China" title="1839 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Denmark" title="1839 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_France" title="1839 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Germany" title="1839 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Mexico" title="1839 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_New_Zealand" title="1839 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Norway" title="1839 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_South_Africa" title="1839 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Spain" title="1839 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_Sweden" title="1839 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1839 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_the_United_States" title="1839 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_rail_transport" title="1839 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_science" title="1839 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_sports" title="1839 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1839" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1839">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1839_in_law" title="Category:1839 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1839_births" title="Category:1839 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1839_deaths" title="Category:1839 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1839_establishments" title="Category:1839 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1839_disestablishments" title="Category:1839 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1839_works" title="Category:1839 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1839 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1839<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCXXXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2592</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1288<br />ԹՎ ՌՄՁԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6589</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1760–1761</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1245–1246</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2789</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>2 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 3 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2383</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1201</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7347–7348</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊戌</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />4536 or 4329<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己亥年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />4537 or 4330</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1555–1556</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3005</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1831–1832</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5599–5600</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1895–1896</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1760–1761</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4939–4940</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11839</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>839–840</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1217–1218</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1254–1255</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tenp%C5%8D" title="Tenpō">Tenpō</a> 10<br />(天保１０年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1766–1767</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4172</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>73 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前73年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>371</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2381–2382</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土狗年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />1965 or 1584 or 812<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土猪年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />1966 or 1585 or 813</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1839" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1839">1839</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1839</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCXXXIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Tuesday" title="Common year starting on Tuesday">common year starting on Tuesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday" title="Common year starting on Sunday">common year starting on Sunday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1839th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 839th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 39th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a> decade. As of the start of 1839, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer <a href="/wiki/Louis_Daguerre" title="Louis Daguerre">Louis Daguerre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Big_Wind" title="Night of the Big Wind">Night of the Big Wind</a>: Ireland is struck by the most damaging <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclone</a> in 300 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a> <a href="/wiki/Aden_Expedition" title="Aden Expedition">capture Aden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yungay" title="Battle of Yungay">Battle of Yungay</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Bolivian_Confederation" title="Peru–Bolivian Confederation">Peru–Bolivian Confederation</a>, leading to the restoration of an independent <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Parallax" title="Parallax">parallax</a> measurement of the distance to <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Centauri" title="Alpha Centauri">Alpha Centauri</a> is published by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henderson_(astronomer)" title="Thomas Henderson (astronomer)">Thomas Henderson</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> is established, becoming the first public university west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Otis" title="William Otis">William Otis</a> receives a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Steam_shovel" title="Steam shovel">steam shovel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Longwood_University" title="Longwood University">Longwood University</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Farmville,_Virginia" title="Farmville, Virginia">Farmville, Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_College" title="Baltimore City College">Baltimore City College</a>, the third public high school in the United States, is established in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Corn_Law_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Corn Law League">Anti-Corn Law League</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, England.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pastry_War" title="Pastry War">Pastry War</a> between <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centralist_Republic_of_Mexico" title="Centralist Republic of Mexico">Mexico</a> ends.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> imposes The Child Labor Law of 1839, becoming the first nation in the world to place restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labor</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> <ul><li>An <a href="/wiki/1839_Ava_earthquake" title="1839 Ava earthquake">earthquake in the Kingdom of Burma</a> kills more than 400 people and destroys three cities, as well as heavily damaging the capital at <a href="/wiki/Inwa" title="Inwa">Ava</a>.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Morning_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Morning Post">Boston Morning Post</a></i> first records the use of "O.K." (<a href="/wiki/Oll_korrect" class="mw-redirect" title="Oll korrect">oll korrect</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Henley_Royal_Regatta" title="Henley Royal Regatta">Henley Royal Regatta</a> is held on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>, in England.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – The world's <a href="/wiki/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph" title="Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph">first commercial electric telegraph line</a> comes into operation, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a> line in England, from <a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">London Paddington station</a> to <a href="/wiki/West_Drayton" title="West Drayton">West Drayton</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1839)" title="Treaty of London (1839)">Treaty of London</a> establishes <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">kingdom</a>, with its independence and neutrality guaranteed by the <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great powers</a> of Europe. Half of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Limburg_(1815%E2%80%9339)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Limburg (1815–39)">Limburg</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> is added to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, giving rise to a <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">Belgian Limburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Dutch Limburg</a> (the latter being joined (from <a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a>) to the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> is established as the Newbury Biblical Institute in Vermont.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Bedchamber_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedchamber Crisis">Bedchamber Crisis</a> begins in the United Kingdom, after Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Lord Melbourne</a> announces his resignation. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> asks several MPs to form a new government, and they insist on the condition that the Queen dismiss several of her personal attendants, the <a href="/wiki/Ladies_of_the_bedchamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladies of the bedchamber">ladies of the bedchamber</a>, for political reasons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – Socialist activist <a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Louis Auguste Blanqui</a> and the <i>Société des Saisons</i> begin an uprising against the government of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The insurrection is suppressed, but not before 50 people are killed and 190 wounded. Blanqui is imprisoned until <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – Former British statesman <a href="/wiki/John_Lambton,_1st_Earl_of_Durham" title="John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham">Lord Durham</a>, as President of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Company" title="New Zealand Company">New Zealand Company</a>, formally asks the British government for permission to colonize <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and to establish a colonial government under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – Turkish troops cross the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> River and invade Syria, but are defeated in battle in June. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_opium_at_Humen" title="Destruction of opium at Humen">Destruction of opium at Humen</a> begins, <i><a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">casus belli</a></i> for Britain to open the 3-year <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> against <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a> China. A rapid rise in the sale of opium in China to over 40,000 chests (~56,000 kilograms (123,000 lb) per annum)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIH_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIH-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has caused the Chinese government to dispatch scholar-official <a href="/wiki/Lin_Zexu" title="Lin Zexu">Lin Zexu</a> to <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> to deal with the <a href="/wiki/History_of_opium_in_China" title="History of opium in China">growing problem of opium addiction</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Daguerre" title="Louis Daguerre">Louis Daguerre</a> receives a patent for his camera (commercially available by September at the price of 400 francs).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Ranjit Singh">Maharaja Ranjit Singh</a>, dies at 58.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Storming_Column_entering_Fortress_at_Ghuznee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Storming_Column_entering_Fortress_at_Ghuznee.jpg/220px-Storming_Column_entering_Fortress_at_Ghuznee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Storming_Column_entering_Fortress_at_Ghuznee.jpg/330px-Storming_Column_entering_Fortress_at_Ghuznee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Storming_Column_entering_Fortress_at_Ghuznee.jpg/440px-Storming_Column_entering_Fortress_at_Ghuznee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Lithograph depicting the <a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> storming of the fortress during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghazni" title="Battle of Ghazni">Battle of Ghazni</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li>Slaves aboard the <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._The_Amistad" title="United States v. The Amistad">Amistad</a></i> rebel, and capture the ship.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_I" title="Abdülmecid I">Abdülmecid I</a> (1839–<a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>) succeeds <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>–1839) as <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Emperor">Ottoman Emperor</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghazni" title="Battle of Ghazni">Battle of Ghazni</a>: British forces capture the fortress city of <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – The Fraternity of <a href="/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">Beta Theta Pi</a> is founded by John Reily Knox at Miami University.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – The French government gives the <a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">daguerreotype</a> "for the whole world".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – The <a href="/wiki/First_Carlist_War" title="First Carlist War">First Carlist War</a> (Spain) ends with the <a href="/wiki/Convenio_de_Vergara" class="mw-redirect" title="Convenio de Vergara">Convenio de Vergara</a>, also known as the Abrazo de Vergara ("the embrace in Vergara"; Bergara in Basque), between liberal general <a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero,_Prince_of_Vergara" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara">Baldomero Espartero, Count of Luchana</a> and Carlist General Rafael Maroto.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kowloon" title="Battle of Kowloon">Battle of Kowloon</a>: British vessels open fire on Chinese war <a href="/wiki/Junk_(ship)" title="Junk (ship)">junks</a> enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community in China in the first armed conflict of the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – A railway between <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portici" title="Portici">Portici</a> (7.4 km (4.6 mi)) in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> is inaugurated by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies">King Ferdinand II</a> of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> as the first line in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader" title="Emir Abdelkader">Emir Abdelkader</a> declares a <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a> against the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Newport_Rising" title="Newport Rising">Newport Rising</a>: Between 5,000 and 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Chartism" title="Chartism">Chartist</a> sympathisers march on <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Monmouthshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Newport, Monmouthshire">Newport, Monmouthshire</a>, to liberate Chartist prisoners; around 22 are killed when troops fire on the crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the last large-scale armed civil rebellion against authority in mainland Britain and sees the most deaths.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Military_Institute" title="Virginia Military Institute">Virginia Military Institute</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Virginia" title="Lexington, Virginia">Lexington, Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>'s first opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Oberto_(opera)" title="Oberto (opera)">Oberto, conte di San Bonifacio</a></i>, opens in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – A disastrous <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclone</a> hits India with terrible winds and a giant 40-foot <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a>, wiping out the port city of <a href="/wiki/Coringa,_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Coringa, Andhra Pradesh">Coringa</a>; 300,000 people die.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/American_Statistical_Association" title="American Statistical Association">American Statistical Association</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party (United States)</a>, at its first ever <a href="/wiki/1839_Whig_National_Convention" title="1839 Whig National Convention">national convention</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg, Pennsylvania</a>, nominates former U.S. Army General <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> to be its candidate for President of the United States in the <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a> election. Although Senator <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> of Kentucky has received 103 of the 128 necessary votes on the first ballot, he obtains only 90 on the final vote, while Harrison gets 148. Former U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> is unanimously nominated for vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinola" title="Heinola">Heinola</a> was granted <a href="/wiki/Town_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Town rights">town rights</a> by Czar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the United States, the first state law permitting women to own property is passed in <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson, Mississippi</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>, backed by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>, compels <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a> France to abandon <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali of Egypt</a>, and forces him to return <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a></i> starts in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.</li> <li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Minh Mạng">Minh Mạng</a> renames <a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" class="mw-redirect" title="Việt Nam">Việt Nam</a> to Đại Nam.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> publishes "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_Researches_in_Electricity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental Researches in Electricity (page does not exist)">Experimental Researches in Electricity</a>", clarifying the true nature of <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodyear" title="Charles Goodyear">Charles Goodyear</a> <a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">vulcanizes</a> <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a>.</li> <li>An archaeological excavation on <a href="/wiki/Cop%C3%A1n" title="Copán">Copán</a> begins.</li> <li>Khalid bin Saud Al Suad usurps the throne from <a href="/wiki/Faisal_bin_Turki_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud">Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud</a>, who assumed power of Nejd in 1834, and is sent to Cairo as prisoner. Omar bin Ofaysan, the Amir Faisal's governor in the Eastern Province seeks asylum in <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, but Khalid the pretender demands his surrender and the surrender of the fort at <a href="/wiki/Dammam" title="Dammam">Dammam</a>; then under the control of the Al Khalifa of Bahrain.</li> <li>Khorshid Pasha vows to attack Bahrain to exert Egyptian rule over Bahrain, but his attack is prevented after Shaikh Abdulla bin Ahmed of Bahrain pays tribute.</li> <li>A quarrel broke out between the Chief of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> of the Beniyas tribe, Shaikh Khalifa bin Shakboot, and the fugitives who settled there after their departure from Bahrain, the Al Binali tribe. Under the command of their leader, Isa bin Tureef Al Binali, they relocate to Kenn Island where they exercise depredations over the Bahrain and other Gulf vessels. Their motive is to restore their belongings which they abandoned upon leaving Bahrain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Falls_Company" title="Valley Falls Company">Valley Falls Company</a>, as predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holdings_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Holdings company">holdings business</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, was founded in <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga, Tennessee</a>, is incorporated as a town.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a>, is incorporated.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_High_School_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia)">Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia)</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>, as the first high school in Virginia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_cezanne_1861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Paul_cezanne_1861.jpg/120px-Paul_cezanne_1861.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Paul_cezanne_1861.jpg/250px-Paul_cezanne_1861.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (July 2021)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:1839#Dubious" title="Talk:1839">discuss</a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marianne_Hainisch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Marianne_Hainisch.jpg/110px-Marianne_Hainisch.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Marianne_Hainisch.jpg/165px-Marianne_Hainisch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Marianne_Hainisch.jpg/220px-Marianne_Hainisch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Hainisch" title="Marianne Hainisch">Marianne Hainisch</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg/110px-Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg/165px-Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg/220px-Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FredericTilton2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/FredericTilton2.jpg/120px-FredericTilton2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/FredericTilton2.jpg/250px-FredericTilton2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frederic_W._Tilton" title="Frederic W. Tilton">Frederic W. Tilton</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Trouv%C3%A9" title="Gustave Trouvé">Gustave Trouvé</a>, French electrical engineer, inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_A._Clark" title="William A. Clark">William A. Clark</a>, American politician, entrepreneur (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Knowles_Paine" title="John Knowles Paine">John Knowles Paine</a>, American composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Lloyd_(chemist)" title="Rachel Lloyd (chemist)">Rachel Lloyd</a>, American chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Testman" title="Caroline Testman">Caroline Testman</a>, Danish women's rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a>, American physicist, chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a>, American telecommunications engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rayko_Zhinzifov" title="Rayko Zhinzifov">Rayko Zhinzifov</a>, Bulgarian poet and translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pascual_Cervera_y_Topete" title="Pascual Cervera y Topete">Pascual Cervera y Topete</a>, Spanish admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Pharcellus_Church" title="Francis Pharcellus Church">Francis Pharcellus Church</a>, American editor, publisher (d. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jamsetji_Tata" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamsetji Tata">Jamsetji Tata</a>, Indian Parsi businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Cochrane" title="Josephine Cochrane">Josephine Cochrane</a>, American inventor of the first commercially successful dishwasher (d. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ridgway_Knight" title="Daniel Ridgway Knight">Daniel Ridgway Knight</a>, American artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a>, French poet, critic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Butler_Yeats" title="John Butler Yeats">John Butler Yeats</a>, Irish artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Modest Mussorgsky</a>, Russian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Hann" title="Julius von Hann">Julius von Hann</a>, Austrian meteorologist (<i>The father of modern meteorology</i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Pellegrini_(caricaturist)" title="Carlo Pellegrini (caricaturist)">Carlo Pellegrini</a>, Italian caricaturist (d. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Hainisch" title="Marianne Hainisch">Marianne Hainisch</a>, founder, leader of the Austrian women's movement (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Ballance" title="John Ballance">John Ballance</a>, 14th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of New Zealand">Premier of New Zealand</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl,_Freiherr_von_Prel" title="Karl, Freiherr von Prel">Karl, Freiherr von Prel</a>, German philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Belle_L._Pettigrew" title="Belle L. Pettigrew">Belle L. Pettigrew</a>, American teacher, missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Przhevalsky" title="Nikolay Przhevalsky">Nikolay Przhevalsky</a>, Russian explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì</a>, 12th Prime Minister of Italy (d. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom_Allen_(boxer)" title="Tom Allen (boxer)">Tom Allen</a>, English boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floriano_Peixoto" title="Floriano Peixoto">Floriano Peixoto</a>, 2nd President of Brazil (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukioka_Yoshitoshi" title="Tsukioka Yoshitoshi">Yoshitoshi</a>, Japanese artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Passion" title="Mary of the Passion">Mary of the Passion</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> religious sister, missionary, and blessed (d. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Abdyl Frashëri">Abdyl Frashëri</a>, Albanian politician (d.<a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Holstein-Ledreborg" title="Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg">Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg</a>, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tooth" title="Arthur Tooth">Arthur Tooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Clergyman" class="mw-redirect" title="Clergyman">clergyman</a> prosecuted for <a href="/wiki/Ritualism_in_the_Church_of_England" title="Ritualism in the Church of England">Ritualist</a> practices in the <a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Machado_de_Assis" title="Machado de Assis">Machado de Assis</a>, Brazilian author (d. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_J._D._Rockefeller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Portrait_of_J._D._Rockefeller.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_J._D._Rockefeller.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Portrait_of_J._D._Rockefeller.jpg/165px-Portrait_of_J._D._Rockefeller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Portrait_of_J._D._Rockefeller.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_J._D._Rockefeller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg/110px-Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg/165px-Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg/220px-Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Alfred Sisley</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baba_Jaimal_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Jaimal Singh">Baba Jaimal Singh</a>, Founder of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (d. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Pottier" title="Édouard Pottier">Édouard Pottier</a>, French admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a>, American industrialist, philanthropist (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Shay" title="Ephraim Shay">Ephraim Shay</a>, American inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Shay_locomotive" title="Shay locomotive">Shay locomotive</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Surtees_Phillpotts" title="James Surtees Phillpotts">James Surtees Phillpotts</a>, English author (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_H%C3%A4gg" title="Jacob Hägg">Jacob Hägg</a>, Swedish admiral and painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Gatti_de_Gamond" title="Isabelle Gatti de Gamond">Isabelle Gatti de Gamond</a>, Italo-Belgian educationalist, feminist, and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Andrade" title="Ignacio Andrade">Ignacio Andrade</a>, 37th President of Venezuela (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_Pater" title="Walter Pater">Walter Pater</a>, English essayist, critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nelson_A._Miles" title="Nelson A. Miles">Nelson A. Miles</a>, American general (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Petrof" title="Antonín Petrof">Antonín Petrof</a>, Czech piano maker (d. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a>, American writer, politician, and political economist (d. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patricio_Montojo_y_Pasar%C3%B3n" title="Patricio Montojo y Pasarón">Patricio Montojo y Pasarón</a>, Spanish admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Luper%C3%B3n" title="Gregorio Luperón">Gregorio Luperón</a>, Dominican soldier, activist and general (d. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce" title="Charles Sanders Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a>, American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_H._Graves" title="Mary H. Graves">Mary H. Graves</a>, American minister, literary editor, writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oscar_de_N%C3%A9grier" title="Oscar de Négrier">Oscar de Négrier</a>, French general (d. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leclanch%C3%A9" title="Georges Leclanché">Georges Leclanché</a>, French electrical engineer, inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Schley" title="Winfield Scott Schley">Winfield Scott Schley</a>, American admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Merkus" title="Jeanne Merkus">Jeanne Merkus</a>, Dutch deaconess, guerilla soldier, and political activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Alfred Sisley</a>, French Impressionist landscape painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Luth%C3%A1r" title="Pál Luthár">Pál Luthár</a>, Slovene writer in Hungary (d. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Furness" title="Frank Furness">Frank Furness</a>, American architect, soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emil_%C5%A0koda" class="mw-redirect" title="Emil Škoda">Emil Škoda</a>, Czech engineer, industrialist (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Wilberg" title="Christian Wilberg">Christian Wilberg</a>, German painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Amanda_Coburn" title="Catherine Amanda Coburn">Catherine Amanda Coburn</a>, American journalist, newspaper editor (d. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a>, American cavalry officer (d. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Redvers_Buller" title="Redvers Buller">Sir Redvers Buller</a>, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (d. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Conant" title="Sherman Conant">Sherman Conant</a>, American soldier and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avis_Crocombe" title="Avis Crocombe">Avis Crocombe</a>, English cook at <a href="/wiki/Audley_End_House" title="Audley End House">Audley End House</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93June_2"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnGraham-TheRajahofMadras-c1828.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/JohnGraham-TheRajahofMadras-c1828.jpg/110px-JohnGraham-TheRajahofMadras-c1828.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/JohnGraham-TheRajahofMadras-c1828.jpg/165px-JohnGraham-TheRajahofMadras-c1828.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/JohnGraham-TheRajahofMadras-c1828.jpg/220px-JohnGraham-TheRajahofMadras-c1828.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Farquhar" title="William Farquhar">William Farquhar</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1813%E2%80%931839)" title="Princess Marie of Orléans (1813–1839)">Princess Marie of Orléans</a>, French princess, artist, and duchess (b. <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacquette_L%C3%B6wenhielm" title="Jacquette Löwenhielm">Jacquette Löwenhielm</a>, Swedish noble, <a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">lady-in-waiting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mistress_(lover)" title="Mistress (lover)">mistress</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" title="Oscar I of Sweden">Oscar I of Sweden</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Coleman_(gangster)" title="Edward Coleman (gangster)">Edward Coleman</a>, gangster and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Forty_Thieves_(New_York_gang)" title="Forty Thieves (New York gang)">Forty Thieves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anton_Koch" title="Joseph Anton Koch">Joseph Anton Koch</a>, Austrian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Jarvis" title="John Wesley Jarvis">John Wesley Jarvis</a>, American painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>/<a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michele_Cachia" title="Michele Cachia">Michele Cachia</a>, Maltese architect, military engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1760" title="1760">1760</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Beechey" title="William Beechey">William Beechey</a>, British portraitist (b. <a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Nicander" title="Karl August Nicander">Karl August Nicander</a>, Swedish poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Williams_(Weymouth_MP)" title="William Williams (Weymouth MP)">William Williams</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1774" title="1774">1774</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Romero" title="Pedro Romero">Pedro Romero</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Torero" class="mw-redirect" title="Torero">torero</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moulvi_Syed_Qudratullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Moulvi Syed Qudratullah">Moulvi Syed Qudratullah</a>, Bengali judge (b. <a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sybil_Ludington" title="Sybil Ludington">Sybil Ludington</a>, alleged heroine during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1761" title="1761">1761</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Napol%C3%A9one_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte">Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte</a>, niece of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon I of France</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Plummer" title="Rachel Plummer">Rachel Plummer</a>, American writer, daughter of <a href="/wiki/James_W._Parker" title="James W. Parker">James W. Parker</a>, and the cousin of <a href="/wiki/Quanah_Parker" title="Quanah Parker">Quanah Parker</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Voght" title="Caspar Voght">Caspar Voght</a>, German businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Siboni" title="Giuseppe Siboni">Giuseppe Siboni</a>, Italian operatic <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera director">opera director</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a> <a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">conductor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Voice_teacher" title="Voice teacher">voice teacher</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pierce_(governor)" title="Benjamin Pierce (governor)">Benjamin Pierce</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1757" title="1757">1757</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah_Niles" title="Hezekiah Niles">Hezekiah Niles</a>, American editor, publisher (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – Queen <a href="/wiki/Kaahumanu_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaahumanu II">Kaahumanu II</a> of Hawaii</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Tipton" title="John Tipton">John Tipton</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Du_Pr%C3%A9_Alexander,_2nd_Earl_of_Caledon" title="Du Pré Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon">Du Pré Alexander</a>, Irish peer, landlord and colonial administrator (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Galt_(novelist)" title="John Galt (novelist)">John Galt</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_novelists" title="List of Scottish novelists">Scottish novelist</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1779" title="1779">1779</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoph_August_Gabler" title="Christoph August Gabler">Christoph August Gabler</a>, German classical composer (b. 1767)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Davydov" title="Denis Davydov">Denis Davydov</a>, Russian general, poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Aron_Borg" title="Pär Aron Borg">Pär Aron Borg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> educator and a pioneer in the education for the <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaf">deaf</a> (b. 1776)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_Henrik_Ling" title="Pehr Henrik Ling">Pehr Henrik Ling</a>, pioneer of physical education in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1776" title="1776">1776</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Mex%C3%ADa" title="José Antonio Mexía">José Antonio Mexía</a>, 19th-century Mexican general and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Batman" title="John Batman">John Batman</a>, Australian <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastoral farming">grazier</a>, entrepreneur, and explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cooper_(American_politician,_born_1759)" title="Thomas Cooper (American politician, born 1759)">Thomas Cooper</a>, American political philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Farquhar" title="William Farquhar">William Farquhar</a>, First British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore (b. <a href="/wiki/1774" title="1774">1774</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cooper_(American_politician,_born_1759)" title="Thomas Cooper (American politician, born 1759)">Thomas Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Americans" title="Anglo-Americans">Anglo-American</a> economist, college president, and political philosopher (b. 1759)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Clive,_1st_Earl_of_Powis" title="Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis">Edward Clive</a>, British politician who sat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alison_(author)" title="Archibald Alison (author)">Archibald Alison</a>, Scottish author (b. <a href="/wiki/1757" title="1757">1757</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Pak_Agi" title="Anna Pak Agi">Anna Pak Agi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyr</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1782" title="1782">1782</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Yi" title="Barbara Yi">Barbara Yi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyr</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Munch" title="Jacob Munch">Jacob Munch</a>, Norwegian military officer and painter (b. 1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paelinck" title="Joseph Paelinck">Joseph Paelinck</a>, painter from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Hester_Stanhope" title="Lady Hester Stanhope">Lady Hester Stanhope</a>, English archaeologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1776" title="1776">1776</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a>, Maharaja of The Punjab (<a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a>) (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_Gardner_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_Gardner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Cunningham_(botanist)" title="Allan Cunningham (botanist)">Allan Cunningham</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanist</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_explorers" title="List of explorers">explorer</a> (b. 1791)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Olof_Wallin" title="Johan Olof Wallin">Johan Olof Wallin</a>, Swedish minister, <a href="/wiki/Orator" title="Orator">orator</a>, poet and later <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1779" title="1779">1779</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93December_2"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich_Mohs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Friedrich_Mohs.jpg/110px-Friedrich_Mohs.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Friedrich_Mohs.jpg/165px-Friedrich_Mohs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Friedrich_Mohs.jpg/220px-Friedrich_Mohs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Mohs" title="Friedrich Mohs">Friedrich Mohs</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a>, Ottoman sultan (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Flora_Hastings" title="Lady Flora Hastings">Lady Flora Hastings</a>, British aristocrat and <a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">lady-in-waiting</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Fernando Sor</a>, Spanish guitarist, composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1778" title="1778">1778</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Mackworth_Praed" title="Winthrop Mackworth Praed">Winthrop Mackworth Praed</a>, English politician, poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Bowl_(Cherokee_chief)" title="The Bowl (Cherokee chief)">Chief Bowles</a>, Cherokee leader (b. ~<a href="/wiki/1756" title="1756">1756</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Maurice de Guérin">Maurice de Guérin</a>, French poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Baptist_Yi_Kwang-nyol" title="John Baptist Yi Kwang-nyol">John Baptist Yi Kwang-nyol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyr</a> (b. c.<a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Birdsall_(politician,_born_1802)" title="John Birdsall (politician, born 1802)">John Birdsall</a>, American lawyer and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Spencer_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Richard Spencer (Royal Navy officer)">Richard Spencer</a>, captain of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1779" title="1779">1779</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Archdall_(died_1839)" title="Mervyn Archdall (died 1839)">Mervyn Archdall</a>, Irish officer in the British Army and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Fermanagh_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Fermanagh (UK Parliament constituency)">County Fermanagh</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_von_Schlegel" title="Dorothea von Schlegel">Dorothea von Schlegel</a>, German novelist and translator (b. <a href="/wiki/1764" title="1764">1764</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erasme_Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier">Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier</a>, politician and first <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> of Belgium (b. <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_St_Aubyn,_5th_Baronet" title="Sir John St Aubyn, 5th Baronet">Sir John St Aubyn, 5th Baronet</a>, English fossil collector (b. <a href="/wiki/1758" title="1758">1758</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bendix_Frantz_Ludwig_Schow" title="Bendix Frantz Ludwig Schow">Bendix Frantz Ludwig Schow</a>, member of the nobility of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1778" title="1778">1778</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lundy" title="Benjamin Lundy">Benjamin Lundy</a>, American abolitionist (b. <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(geologist)" title="William Smith (geologist)">William Smith</a>, English geologist, cartographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Olshausen" title="Hermann Olshausen">Hermann Olshausen</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theologian</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Maitland,_8th_Earl_of_Lauderdale" title="James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale">James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale</a>, Scottish politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeanne-Charlotte_Allamand" title="Jeanne-Charlotte Allamand">Jeanne-Charlotte Allamand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a>-born Canadian pioneer, educator and artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1760" title="1760">1760</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laurent-Joseph-Marius_Imbert" title="Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert">Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert</a>, French Roman Catholic saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chong_Hasang" title="Paul Chong Hasang">Paul Chong Hasang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean</a> Roman Catholic saint and martyr (b. <a href="/wiki/1794" title="1794">1794</a>/<a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Dunlap" title="William Dunlap">William Dunlap</a>, producer, playwright, actor, and historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1766" title="1766">1766</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Mohs" title="Friedrich Mohs">Friedrich Mohs</a>, German geologist, mineralogist (b. <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Rundall" title="Mary Ann Rundall">Mary Ann Rundall</a>, British educational writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Light" title="William Light">William Light</a>, British Army colonel, first Surveyor-General of <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ee-mat-la" title="Ee-mat-la">Ee-mat-la</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a> chief during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Seminole_War" title="Second Seminole War">Second Seminole War</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Oatley" title="James Oatley">James Oatley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a>-born <a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">colonial Australian</a> watch and clock maker (b. 1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonor_de_Almeida_Portugal,_4th_Marquise_of_Alorna" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonor de Almeida Portugal, 4th Marquise of Alorna">Leonor de Almeida Portugal, 4th Marquise of Alorna</a>, Portuguese painter, poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Ellis" title="William Charles Ellis">William Charles Ellis</a>, pioneer in treatment of mental illness (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Hauch" title="Frederik Hauch">Frederik Hauch</a>, Danish government official (b. <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Makea_Pori_Ariki" title="Makea Pori Ariki">Makea Pori Ariki</a>, sovereign of the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> and one of three <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">High Chiefs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rarotonga#Demographics_and_settlements:~:text=or_vaka.-,Te_Au_O_Tonga,-on_the_northern" title="Rarotonga">Te Au O Tonga</a> (b.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Yu_Tae-chol" title="Peter Yu Tae-chol">Peter Yu Tae-cholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyr</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch" title="William Murdoch">William Murdoch</a>, Scottish inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Blackwood,_3rd_Baron_Dufferin_and_Claneboye" title="Hans Blackwood, 3rd Baron Dufferin and Claneboye">Hans Blackwood</a>, Irish peer and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1758" title="1758">1758</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Landmark" title="Andreas Landmark">Andreas Landmark</a>, Norwegian politician and civil servant (b. <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI</a>, King of Denmark, ex-King of Norway (b. <a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Leamy_(merchant)" title="John Leamy (merchant)">John Leamy</a>, Irish–American merchant (b. <a href="/wiki/1757" title="1757">1757</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Aurelius_Fessler" title="Ignaz Aurelius Fessler">Ignaz Aurelius Fessler</a>, Hungarian court councillor, minister to Alexander I (b. <a href="/wiki/1756" title="1756">1756</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_D%C5%A9ng-L%E1%BA%A1c" title="Andrew Dũng-Lạc">Andrew Dũng-Lạc</a>, Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, saint, and <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Truguet" title="Laurent Jean François Truguet">Laurent Jean François Truguet</a>, French admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_3">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Plunket" title="Thomas Plunket">Thomas Plunket</a>, Irish soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Jones_(Irish_politician)" title="Walter Jones (Irish politician)">Walter Jones</a>, Irish politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_le_Pelley_III" title="Pierre le Pelley III">Pierre le Pelley III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seigneur_of_Sark" title="Seigneur of Sark">Seigneur of Sark</a> from 1820 to 1839 (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Scholey" title="George Scholey">George Scholey</a>, banker who served as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Christian_von_Rohr" title="Otto Christian von Rohr">Otto Christian von Rohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">Prussian army</a> officer during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D%27Arcy_(1785%E2%80%931839)" title="John D'Arcy (1785–1839)">John D'Arcy</a>, founder of the town of <a href="/wiki/Clifden" title="Clifden">Clifden</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Allard" title="Jean-François Allard">Jean-François Allard</a>, French soldier and adventurer (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Lodge" title="Edmund Lodge">Edmund Lodge</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of Arms">officer of arms</a> and a writer on <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldic</a> subjects and short biographies (b. <a href="/wiki/1756" title="1756">1756</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankara_Varman" title="Sankara Varman">Sankara Varman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1774" title="1774">1774</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francklin" title="William Francklin">William Francklin</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">orientalist</a> and army officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattheus_Ignatius_van_Bree" title="Mattheus Ignatius van Bree">Mattheus Ignatius van Bree</a>, Belgian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Mark Hovell, <i>The Chartist Movement</i> (Manchester University Press, 1966) p143 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Jill Harsin, <i>Barricades: The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848</i> (Palgrave Macmillan, 2002) p124 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Lindsay Buick, <i>The French at Akaroa: An Adventure in Colonization</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1928)(reprinted 2011) p294</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Alan Fyffe, <i>A History of Modern Europe</i>, Volume 2 (Cassell & Company, 1886) p453</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Greenberg_(economist)" title="Michael Greenberg (economist)">Greenberg, Michael</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QNo8AAAAIAAJ"><i>British Trade and the Opening of China 1800-1841</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(preview)</span>. p. 113. <q>expansion in imports from 16,550 chests in the season 1831-2 to over 30,000 in 1835-6, and 40,000 in 1838-9</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Trade+and+the+Opening+of+China+1800-1841&rft.pages=113&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQNo8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIH-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIH_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEbrey2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Buckley_Ebrey" title="Patricia Buckley Ebrey">Ebrey, Patricia Buckley</a>, ed. (2010). "Chapter 9: Manchus and Imperialism: The Qing Dynasty 1644–1900". <i>The Cambridge Illustrated History of China</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19620-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19620-8"><bdi>978-0-521-19620-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+Manchus+and+Imperialism%3A+The+Qing+Dynasty+1644%E2%80%931900&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Illustrated+History+of+China&rft.pages=236&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-19620-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/lovell.htm">"John Lovell and the People's Charter"</a>. <i>The struggle for democracy</i>. Kew: <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235009/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/lovell.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+struggle+for+democracy&rft.atitle=John+Lovell+and+the+People%27s+Charter&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fpathways%2Fcitizenship%2Fstruggle_democracy%2Flovell.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2012" class="citation book cs1">Haynes, Stan M. (2012). <i>The First American Political Conventions: Transforming Presidential Nominations, 1832-1872</i>. McFarland. p. 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+American+Political+Conventions%3A+Transforming+Presidential+Nominations%2C+1832-1872&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=Stan+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.narc.fi:8080/VakkaWWW/Selaus.action;jsessionid=1EE6C5199C45DC7DEE91F3D1C5F1D8F1?kuvailuTaso=AM&avain=850.KA">"Arkistonmuodostaja: Heinolan maistraatti"</a> (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Archives of Finland">The National Archives of Finland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arkistonmuodostaja%3A+Heinolan+maistraatti&rft.pub=The+National+Archives+of+Finland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.narc.fi%3A8080%2FVakkaWWW%2FSelaus.action%3Bjsessionid%3D1EE6C5199C45DC7DEE91F3D1C5F1D8F1%3FkuvailuTaso%3DAM%26avain%3D850.KA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heinola.fi/kaupunki-ja-paatoksenteko/kaupunkiesittely/tietoa-heinolasta/heinolan-historia/">"Heinolan historia"</a> (in Finnish). Town of Heinola<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heinolan+historia&rft.pub=Town+of+Heinola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heinola.fi%2Fkaupunki-ja-paatoksenteko%2Fkaupunkiesittely%2Ftietoa-heinolasta%2Fheinolan-historia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Cezanne">"Paul Cézanne | French artist | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Paul+C%C3%A9zanne+%7C+French+artist+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPaul-Cezanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIgor_I._Kaliganov2020" class="citation book cs1">Igor I. Kaliganov, ed. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inslav.ru/publication/materials-virtual-museum-slavic-cultures-issue-ii-m-2020"><i>Materials for the virtual Museum of Slavic Cultures. Issue II</i></a>. Moscow: Institute of Slavic Studies of RAS. p. 277. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-7576-0440-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-7576-0440-4"><bdi>978-5-7576-0440-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Materials+for+the+virtual+Museum+of+Slavic+Cultures.+Issue+II&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=Institute+of+Slavic+Studies+of+RAS&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-5-7576-0440-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finslav.ru%2Fpublication%2Fmaterials-virtual-museum-slavic-cultures-issue-ii-m-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1901/prudhomme/biographical/">"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1901"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Literature+1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fliterature%2F1901%2Fprudhomme%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFByrneColemanKing2008" class="citation book cs1">Byrne, James Patrick; Coleman, Philip; King, Jason Francis, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=agfvVQnBu9MC&pg=PA923"><i>Ireland and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History : a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 923. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-614-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-614-5"><bdi>978-1-85109-614-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland+and+the+Americas%3A+Culture%2C+Politics%2C+and+History+%3A+a+Multidisciplinary+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=923&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-614-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DagfvVQnBu9MC%26pg%3DPA923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1839" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190216053249/http://www.mkantho.com/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9/"><bdi lang="bn">মৌলভী সৈয়দ কুদরত উল্লাহ'র ১৮০ তম মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী আজ</bdi></a>. <i>MKantho</i> (in Bengali). 12 February 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mkantho.com/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9/">the original</a> on February 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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