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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_and_fall_of_the_dog-like_hyenas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_and_fall_of_the_dog-like_hyenas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Rise and fall of the dog-like hyenas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_and_fall_of_the_dog-like_hyenas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bone-crushing_hyenas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bone-crushing_hyenas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Bone-crushing hyenas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bone-crushing_hyenas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_of_modern_hyenas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_of_modern_hyenas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Rise of modern hyenas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_of_modern_hyenas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genera_of_the_Hyaenidae_(extinct_and_recent)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genera_of_the_Hyaenidae_(extinct_and_recent)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Genera of the Hyaenidae (extinct and recent)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Genera_of_the_Hyaenidae_(extinct_and_recent)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Genera of the Hyaenidae (extinct and recent) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Genera_of_the_Hyaenidae_(extinct_and_recent)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Build" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Build"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Build</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Build-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Relationships with humans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationships_with_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relationships with humans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relationships_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folklore,_mythology_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folklore,_mythology_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Folklore, mythology and literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folklore,_mythology_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attacks_on_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_on_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Attacks on humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_on_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hyenas_as_food_and_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyenas_as_food_and_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Hyenas as food and medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyenas_as_food_and_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyena</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 124 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">124 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%ABna" title="Hiëna – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hiëna" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A4nen" title="Hyänen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hyänen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A5%E1%89%A5" title="ዥብ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዥብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="ضبع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضبع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բորենիներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բորենիներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaftarlar" title="Kaftarlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kaftarlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کافتارلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کافتارلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suruku" title="Suruku – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Suruku" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="হায়েনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হায়েনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiena" title="Haiena – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Haiena" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гіенавыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гіенавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гіенавыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гіенавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Хиенови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хиенови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijena" title="Hijena – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hijena" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hienes" title="Hienes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hienes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyenovit%C3%AD" title="Hyenovití – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hyenovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bere,_Mhuka" title="Bere, Mhuka – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bere, Mhuka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udfil" title="Udfil – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Udfil" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A6ner" title="Hyæner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hyæner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A4nen" title="Hyänen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hyänen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9%C3%A9h_%C5%82%C3%A9%C3%A9ch%C4%85%C4%85%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Tééh łééchąąʼí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tééh łééchąąʼí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BC%C3%A4%C3%A4nlased" title="Hüäänlased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hüäänlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8E%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Ύαινα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ύαινα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieno" title="Hieno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hieno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiena" title="Hiena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کفتار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کفتار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%A9ana" title="Hiéana – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hiéana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%A9nidos" title="Hiénidos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hiénidos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Аптараш – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Аптараш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="तरस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तरस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%97%90%EB%82%98" title="하이에나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하이에나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kura_(dabba)" title="Kura (dabba) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kura (dabba)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բորենիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բորենիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE" title="लकड़बग्घा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लकड़बग्घा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijene" title="Hijene – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hijene" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieno" title="Hieno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hieno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiena" title="Hiena – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hiena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Гиенæтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гиенæтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impisi" title="Impisi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Impisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BDena" title="Hýena – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hýena" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="צבועיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צבועיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hyena" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AC" title="ಕತ್ತೆಕಿರುಬ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕತ್ತೆಕಿರುಬ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="აფთრისებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფთრისებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қорқаулар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қорқаулар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usvil" title="Usvil – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Usvil" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisi" title="Fisi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digdatol_(Hyaenidae)" title="Digdatol (Hyaenidae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Digdatol (Hyaenidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keftar" title="Keftar – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keftar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Көк жал сымалдуулар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көк жал сымалдуулар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%87" title="ໝາແຜງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໝາແຜງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C4%93nu_dzimta" title="Hiēnu dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hiēnu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieniniai" title="Hieniniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hieniniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iena" title="Iena – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Iena" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%A9naf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Hiénafélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hiénafélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хиена – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хиена" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiena" title="Hiena – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hiena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="കഴുതപ്പുലി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കഴുതപ്പുലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="तरस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तरस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="ضبع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ضبع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="کفتال – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کفتال" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubuk" title="Dubuk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dubuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဟိုင်အီးနား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟိုင်အီးနား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Hyena" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena%27s" title="Hyena's – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hyena's" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="हुँडार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हुँडार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8A" title="ハイエナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハイエナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A4%C3%A4nen" title="Hyäänen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hyäänen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyenefamilien" title="Hyenefamilien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hyenefamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyenar" title="Hyenar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hyenar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtlonlar" title="Sirtlonlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sirtlonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ہائینا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہائینا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hienowate" title="Hienowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hienowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiena" title="Hiena – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hiena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hien%C4%83" title="Hienă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hienă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Гиены – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гиены" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hyena" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phiri" title="Phiri – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Phiri" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phiri" title="Phiri – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Phiri" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phiri" title="Phiri – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Phiri" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiena" title="Hiena – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hiena" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena" title="Hyaena – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hyaena" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="چراخ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چراخ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyenovit%C3%A9" title="Hyenovité – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hyenovité" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijene" title="Hijene – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hijene" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraabe" title="Waraabe – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Waraabe" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کەمتیار – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەمتیار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Хијене – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хијене" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijene" title="Hijene – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hijene" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyeenat" title="Hyeenat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hyeenat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyenor" title="Hyenor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hyenor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="கழுதைப்புலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கழுதைப்புலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifis" title="Ifis – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ifis" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifis" title="Ifis – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ifis" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сыртлан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сыртлан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF" title="దుమ్ములగొండి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దుమ్ములగొండి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="ไฮยีนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฮยีนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%8Bui" title="Aŋui – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Aŋui" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1rtlangiller" title="Sırtlangiller – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sırtlangiller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1murum" title="A̱murum – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱murum" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Гієнові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гієнові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%AF%DA%91%D8%A8%DA%BE%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="لگڑبھگا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لگڑبھگا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtlan" title="Sirtlan – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Sirtlan" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_c%E1%BA%A9u" title="Linh cẩu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Linh cẩu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiyinnes" title="Hiyinnes – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Hiyinnes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena%27s" title="Hyena's – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hyena's" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" title="Hyaenidae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hyaenidae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukki" title="Bukki – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bukki" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97%E7%A7%91" title="鬣狗科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鬣狗科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ckok%C3%B2" title="Ìkokò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìkokò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hyena_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hyena (disambiguation)">Hyena (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Hyenas<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">22–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:212.55384615385px; width:7.4461538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:212.55384615385px; width:7.4461538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:213.55384615385px; width:5.4461538461538px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span> <a href="/wiki/Early_Miocene" title="Early Miocene">Early Miocene</a> – recent</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyaenidae_Diversity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hyaenidae_Diversity.jpg/220px-Hyaenidae_Diversity.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hyaenidae_Diversity.jpg/330px-Hyaenidae_Diversity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hyaenidae_Diversity.jpg/440px-Hyaenidae_Diversity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2458" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">The four extant species of hyena, clockwise from upper left: spotted hyena (<i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta_crocuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocuta crocuta">Crocuta crocuta</a></i>), brown hyena (<i><a href="/wiki/Parahyaena_brunnea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parahyaena brunnea">Parahyaena brunnea</a></i>), aardwolf (<i><a href="/wiki/Proteles_cristata" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteles cristata">Proteles cristata</a></i>) and striped hyena (<i><a href="/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena hyaena">Hyaena hyaena</a></i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Hyaenidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">Gray</a>, 1821</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">Type genus</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena">Hyaena</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mathurin_Jacques_Brisson" title="Mathurin Jacques Brisson">Brisson</a>, 1762</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genera</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i> (olive overlay on map)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena">Hyaena</a></i> (blue on map, includes <i>Parahyaena</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parahyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Parahyaena">Parahyaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i> (magenta red on map)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adcrocuta" title="Adcrocuta">Adcrocuta</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allohyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allohyaena (page does not exist)">Allohyaena</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belbus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belbus (page does not exist)">Belbus</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chasmaporthetes" title="Chasmaporthetes">Chasmaporthetes</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestides" title="Herpestides">Herpestides</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyaenictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyaenictis (page does not exist)">Hyaenictis</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyaenotherium" title="Hyaenotherium">Hyaenotherium</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictitherium" title="Ictitherium">Ictitherium</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikelohyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikelohyaena (page does not exist)">Ikelohyaena</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leecyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leecyaena (page does not exist)">Leecyaena</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lycyaena" title="Lycyaena">Lycyaena</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metahyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metahyaena (page does not exist)">Metahyaena</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miohyaenotherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miohyaenotherium (page does not exist)">Miohyaenotherium</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palinhyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palinhyaena (page does not exist)">Palinhyaena</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pachycrocuta" title="Pachycrocuta">Pachycrocuta</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pliocrocuta" title="Pliocrocuta">Pliocrocuta</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plioviverrops" title="Plioviverrops">Plioviverrops</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protictitherium" title="Protictitherium">Protictitherium</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thalassictis" title="Thalassictis">Thalassictis</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tongxinictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tongxinictis (page does not exist)">Tongxinictis</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungurictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tungurictis (page does not exist)">Tungurictis</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werdelinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werdelinus (page does not exist)">Werdelinus</a></i>†</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyaenidae_range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hyaenidae_range.png/220px-Hyaenidae_range.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hyaenidae_range.png/330px-Hyaenidae_range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hyaenidae_range.png/440px-Hyaenidae_range.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="386" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Protelidae <small><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Flower" title="William Henry Flower">Flower</a>, 1869</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aardwolf_Skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Aardwolf_Skeleton.jpg/220px-Aardwolf_Skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Aardwolf_Skeleton.jpg/330px-Aardwolf_Skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Aardwolf_Skeleton.jpg/440px-Aardwolf_Skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Aardwolf, smallest member of the hyena family, skeleton. (<a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Osteology" title="Museum of Osteology">Museum of Osteology</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hyenas</b> or <b>hyaenas</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">hi-<span style="font-size:90%">EE</span>-nəz</i></a>; from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὕαινα</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hýaina</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are <a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">feliform</a> <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">carnivoran</a> mammals belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <b>Hyaenidae</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>). With just four extant <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> (each in its own <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>), it is the fifth-smallest family in the order Carnivora and one of the smallest in the class <a href="/wiki/Mammalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MoW1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoW1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> ecosystems.<sup id="cite_ref-miv_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" title="Phylogenetics">phylogenetically</a> closer to <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">felines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">viverrids</a>, hyenas are <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">behaviourally</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphologically</a> similar to <a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">canids</a> in several elements due to <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergent evolution</a>: both hyenas and canines are non-<a href="/wiki/Arboreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Arboreal">arboreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cursorial" title="Cursorial">cursorial</a> hunters that catch prey with their teeth rather than claws. Both eat food quickly and may store it, and their calloused feet with large, blunt, nonretractable claws are adapted for running and making sharp turns. However, hyenas' grooming, <a href="/wiki/Scent_marking" class="mw-redirect" title="Scent marking">scent marking</a>, defecation habits, mating and parental behavior are consistent with the behavior of other feliforms.<sup id="cite_ref-k274_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k274-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hyenas feature prominently in the folklore and mythology of human cultures that live alongside them. Hyenas are commonly viewed as frightening and worthy of contempt. In some cultures, hyenas are thought to influence people's spirits, rob graves, and steal livestock and children.<sup id="cite_ref-m96_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m96-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other cultures associate them with witchcraft, using their body parts in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyenas originated in the jungles of <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> Eurasia 22 million years ago, when most early feliform species were still largely <a href="/wiki/Arboreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Arboreal">arboreal</a>. The first ancestral hyenas were likely similar to the modern <a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet</a>; one of the earliest hyena species described, <i><a href="/wiki/Plioviverrops" title="Plioviverrops">Plioviverrops</a></i>, was a lithe, civet-like animal that inhabited Eurasia 20–22 million years ago, and is identifiable as a hyaenid by the structure of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a> and dentition. The lineage of <i>Plioviverrops</i> prospered, and gave rise to descendants with longer legs and more pointed jaws, a direction similar to that taken by canids in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mac119_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyenas then diversified into two distinct types: lightly built dog-like hyenas and robust bone-crushing hyenas. Although the dog-like hyenas thrived 15 million years ago (with one <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> having colonised North America), they became extinct after a change in climate, along with the arrival of canids into Eurasia. Of the dog-like hyena lineage, only the insectivorous <a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">aardwolf</a> survived, while the bone-crushing hyenas (including the <a href="/wiki/Extant_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant taxon">extant</a> spotted, <a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">brown</a> and striped hyenas) became the undisputed top scavengers of Eurasia and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-mac119_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_and_fall_of_the_dog-like_hyenas">Rise and fall of the dog-like hyenas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rise and fall of the dog-like hyenas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ictitherium_viverrinum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ictitherium_viverrinum.JPG/220px-Ictitherium_viverrinum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ictitherium_viverrinum.JPG/330px-Ictitherium_viverrinum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ictitherium_viverrinum.JPG/440px-Ictitherium_viverrinum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1281" /></a><figcaption>Skull of <i>Ictitherium viverrinum</i>, one of the "dog-like" hyenas. <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The descendants of <i>Plioviverrops</i> reached their peak 15 million years ago, with more than 30 species having been identified. Unlike most modern hyena species, which are specialised bone-crushers, these dog-like hyenas were nimble-bodied, wolfish animals; one species among them was <i><a href="/wiki/Ictitherium" title="Ictitherium">Ictitherium</a> viverrinum</i>, which was similar to a <a href="/wiki/Jackal" title="Jackal">jackal</a>. The dog-like hyenas were numerous; in some Miocene fossil sites, the remains of <i>Ictitherium</i> and other dog-like hyenas outnumber those of all other carnivores combined. The decline of the dog-like hyenas began 5–7 million years ago during a period of climate change, exacerbated by <a href="/wiki/Canid" class="mw-redirect" title="Canid">canids</a> crossing the <a href="/wiki/Bering_land_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bering land bridge">Bering land bridge</a> to Eurasia. One species, <i><a href="/wiki/Chasmaporthetes" title="Chasmaporthetes">Chasmaporthetes ossifragus</a></i>, managed to cross the land bridge into North America, being the only hyena to do so. <i>Chasmaporthetes</i> managed to survive for some time in North America by deviating from the endurance-running and bone-crushing niches monopolized by canids, and developing into a <a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">cheetah</a>-like sprinter. Most of the dog-like hyenas had died off by 1.5 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-mac119_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bone-crushing_hyenas">Bone-crushing hyenas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bone-crushing hyenas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 10–14 million years ago, the hyena family had split into two distinct groups: dog-like hyenas and bone-crushing hyenas. The arrival of the ancestral bone-crushing hyenas coincided with the decline of the similarly built family <a href="/wiki/Percrocutidae" title="Percrocutidae">Percrocutidae</a>. The bone-crushing hyenas survived the changes in climate and the arrival of canids, which wiped out the dog-like hyenas, though they never crossed into North America, as their niche there had already been taken by the dog subfamily <a href="/wiki/Borophaginae" title="Borophaginae">Borophaginae</a>. By 5 million years ago, the bone-crushing hyenas had become the dominant scavengers of Eurasia, primarily feeding on large herbivore carcasses felled by <a href="/wiki/Sabre-toothed_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabre-toothed cat">sabre-toothed cats</a>. One genus, <i><a href="/wiki/Pachycrocuta" title="Pachycrocuta">Pachycrocuta</a></i>, was a 110 kg (240 lb) mega-scavenger that could splinter the bones of <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmqvist_et_al_2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmqvist_et_al_2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mac119_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in the early <a href="/wiki/Chibanian" title="Chibanian">Middle Pleistocene</a> <i>Pachycrocuta</i> was replaced by the smaller <i>Crocuta</i> and <i>Hyena</i>, which corresponds to a general faunal change, perhaps in connection to the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Pleistocene_Transition" title="Mid-Pleistocene Transition">Mid-Pleistocene transition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_of_modern_hyenas">Rise of modern hyenas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rise of modern hyenas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stripedspottedhyenas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Stripedspottedhyenas.jpg/170px-Stripedspottedhyenas.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Stripedspottedhyenas.jpg/255px-Stripedspottedhyenas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Stripedspottedhyenas.jpg/340px-Stripedspottedhyenas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption>Skeletons of a <a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">striped hyena</a> (left) and a <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">spotted hyena</a> (right), two species of the "bone-crushing" hyenas</figcaption></figure> <p>The four extant species are the striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>), the brown hyena (<i>Parahyaena brunnea</i>), the spotted hyena (<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>), and the aardwolf (<i>Proteles cristata</i>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">aardwolf</a> can trace its lineage directly back to <i>Plioviverrops</i> 15 million years ago, and is the only survivor of the dog-like hyena lineage. Its success is partly attributed to its insectivorous diet, for which it faced no competition from canids crossing from North America. It is likely that its unrivaled ability to digest the <a href="/wiki/Terpene" title="Terpene">terpene</a> excretions from soldier <a href="/wiki/Termite" title="Termite">termites</a> is a modification of the strong digestive system its ancestors used to consume fetid carrion.<sup id="cite_ref-mac119_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">striped hyena</a> may have evolved from <i>Hyaenictitherium namaquensis</i> of <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. Striped hyena fossils are common in Africa, with records going back as far as the <a href="/wiki/Villafranchian" title="Villafranchian">Villafranchian</a>. As fossil striped hyenas are absent from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> region, it is likely that the species is a relatively late invader to Eurasia, having likely spread outside Africa only after the extinction of <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">spotted hyenas</a> in Asia at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">Ice Age</a>. The striped hyena occurred for some time in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> during the Pleistocene, having been particularly widespread in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. It also occurred in <a href="/wiki/Montmaurin" title="Montmaurin">Montmaurin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollabrunn" title="Hollabrunn">Hollabrunn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Furninha" title="Furninha">Furninha Cave</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and the Genista Caves in <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>. The European form was similar in appearance to modern populations, but was larger, being comparable in size to the <a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">brown hyena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-k66_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k66-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">spotted hyena</a> (<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>) diverged from the striped and brown hyena 10 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-m1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its direct ancestor was the Indian <i>Crocuta sivalensis</i>, which lived during the Villafranchian.<sup id="cite_ref-k69_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k69-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancestral spotted hyenas probably developed social behaviours in response to increased pressure from rivals on carcasses, thus forcing them to operate in teams. Spotted hyenas evolved sharp <a href="/wiki/Carnassial" title="Carnassial">carnassials</a> behind their crushing premolars, therefore they did not need to wait for their prey to die, and thus became pack hunters as well as scavengers. They began forming increasingly larger <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territories</a>, necessitated by the fact that their prey was often migratory, and long chases in a small territory would have caused them to encroach into another <a href="/wiki/Hyena_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyena clan">clan's</a> turf.<sup id="cite_ref-mac119_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spotted hyenas spread from their original homeland during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a>, and quickly colonised a very wide area from Europe, to southern Africa and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-k69_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k69-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eventual disappearance of the spotted hyena from Europe has traditionally been attributed to the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">last glacial period</a> and a subsequent displacement of open grassland by closed forests, which favoured wolves and humans instead.<sup id="cite_ref-hyenawolf_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyenawolf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, analyses have shown that <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> alone is insufficient to explain the spotted hyena's disappearance from Europe, suggesting that other factors – such as human pressure – must have played a role.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests that the events must be seen within the broader context of <a href="/wiki/Late_Pleistocene_extinctions" title="Late Pleistocene extinctions">late-Quaternary extinctions</a>, as the late Pleistocene and early Holocene saw the disappearance of many primarily large mammals from Europe and the world. </p><p>Expansion or <a href="/wiki/Gene_duplication" title="Gene duplication">duplication</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_receptor" title="Olfactory receptor">olfatory receptor</a> gene family has been found in all 4 extant species, which would have led to the evolution of the more specialised feeding habits of hyenas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Expansion in immune-related gene families was also found in the spotted hyena, striped hyena and brown hyena, which would have led to the evolution of the <a href="/wiki/Scavenging" class="mw-redirect" title="Scavenging">scavenging</a> in these species. Mutations and variants were also found in digestion-related genes (<i>ASH1L</i>, <i>PTPN5</i>, <i>PKP3</i>, <i>AQP10</i>). One of these digestion-related genes has variants also related to enhanced bone mineralisation (<i>PTPN5</i>), while other have also a role in inflammatory skin responses (<i>PKP3</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In aardwolves, expansion of genes related to toxin response were found (<a href="/wiki/Lipocalin" title="Lipocalin">Lipocalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glucuronosyltransferase" title="Glucuronosyltransferase">UDP Glucuronosyltransferase</a> gene families), which would have led to the evolution of the feeding of termites <a href="/wiki/Trinervitermes_trinervoides" title="Trinervitermes trinervoides">Trinervitermes</a> in this species. Mutations and variants in genes related to craniofacial shape were also found (<i>GARS</i>, <i>GMPR</i>, <i>STIP1</i>, <i>SMO</i> and <i>PAPSS2</i>). Another gene is related to protective epidermis function (<i>DSC1</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cave_hyena" title="Cave hyena">Cave hyena</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genera_of_the_Hyaenidae_(extinct_and_recent)"><span id="Genera_of_the_Hyaenidae_.28extinct_and_recent.29"></span>Genera of the Hyaenidae (extinct and recent)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Genera of the Hyaenidae (extinct and recent)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crocuta_crocuta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Crocuta_crocuta.jpg/220px-Crocuta_crocuta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Crocuta_crocuta.jpg/330px-Crocuta_crocuta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Crocuta_crocuta.jpg/440px-Crocuta_crocuta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">spotted hyena</a> of subfamily Hyaeninae</figcaption></figure> <p>The list follows McKenna and Bell's <i>Classification of Mammals</i> for prehistoric genera (1997)<sup id="cite_ref-McKenna_&_Bell_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenna_&_Bell-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Wozencraft (2005) in Wilson and Reeders <i><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">Mammal Species of the World</a></i> for extant genera.<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percrocutids are, in contrast to McKenna and Bell's classification, not included as a subfamily into the Hyaenidae, but as the separate family <a href="/wiki/Percrocutidae" title="Percrocutidae">Percrocutidae</a> (though they are generally grouped as sister-taxa to hyenas<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Furthermore, the living brown hyena and its closest extinct relatives are not included in the genus <i>Pachycrocuta</i>, but in the genus <i>Parahyaena</i>. However, some research has suggested <i>Parahyaena</i> may be synonymous with <i>Pachycrocuta</i>, making the brown hyena the only extant member of this genus.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Family Hyaenidae</b> <ul><li><b>Subfamily <i>Incertae sedis</i></b> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tongxinictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tongxinictis (page does not exist)">Tongxinictis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-CocaOrtega2019_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CocaOrtega2019-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Middle Miocene of Asia)</li></ul></li> <li>†<b>Subfamily Ictitheriinae</b> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Herpestides" title="Herpestides">Herpestides</a></i> (Early Miocene of Africa and Eurasia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Plioviverrops" title="Plioviverrops">Plioviverrops</a></i> (including <i>Jordanictis</i>, <i>Protoviverrops</i>, <i>Mesoviverrops</i>; Early Miocene to Early Pliocene of Europe, Late Miocene of Asia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Ictitherium" title="Ictitherium">Ictitherium</a></i> (=<i>Galeotherium</i>; including <i>Lepthyaena</i>, <i>Sinictitherium</i>, <i>Paraictitherium</i>; Middle Miocene of Africa, Late Miocene to Early Pliocene of Eurasia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Thalassictis" title="Thalassictis">Thalassictis</a></i> (including <i>Palhyaena</i>, <i>Miohyaena</i>, <i>Hyaenictitherium</i>, <i>Hyaenalopex</i>; Middle to Late Miocene of Asia, Late Miocene of Africa and Europe)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Hyaenotherium" title="Hyaenotherium">Hyaenotherium</a></i> (Late Miocene to Early Pliocene of Eurasia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miohyaenotherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miohyaenotherium (page does not exist)">Miohyaenotherium</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Werdelin1996_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werdelin1996-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(Late Miocene of Europe)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Lycyaena" title="Lycyaena">Lycyaena</a></i> (Late Miocene of Eurasia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungurictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tungurictis (page does not exist)">Tungurictis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Wang2020_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2020-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Middle Miocene of Africa and Eurasia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Protictitherium" title="Protictitherium">Protictitherium</a></i> (Middle Miocene of Africa and Asia, Middle to Late Miocene of Europe)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Subfamily Hyaeninae</b> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palinhyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palinhyaena (page does not exist)">Palinhyaena</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Turner2008_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner2008-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Late Miocene of Asia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikelohyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikelohyaena (page does not exist)">Ikelohyaena</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Tseng2011_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tseng2011-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Early Pliocene of Africa)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena">Hyaena</a></i> (=<i>Euhyaena</i>,=<i>Parahyaena</i>; including <a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">striped hyena</a>, <i>Pliohyaena</i>, <i>Pliocrocuta</i>, <i>Anomalopithecus</i>) Early Pliocene (?Middle Miocene) to Recent of Africa, Late Pliocene (?Late Miocene) to Late Pleistocene of Europe, Late Pliocene to recent in Asia</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parahyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Parahyaena">Parahyaena</a></i> (=<i>Hyaena</i>; <a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">brown hyena</a> Pliocene to recent of Africa)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyaenictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyaenictis (page does not exist)">Hyaenictis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Vinuesa2016_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vinuesa2016-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Late Miocene of Asia?, Late Miocene of Europe, Early Pliocene (?Early Pleistocene) of Africa)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leecyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leecyaena (page does not exist)">Leecyaena</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Turner2008_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner2008-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Late Miocene and/or Early Pliocene of Asia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Chasmaporthetes" title="Chasmaporthetes">Chasmaporthetes</a></i> (=<i>Ailuriaena</i>; including <i>Lycaenops</i>, <i>Euryboas</i>; Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene of Eurasia, Early Pliocene to Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene of Africa, Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene of North America)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Pachycrocuta" title="Pachycrocuta">Pachycrocuta</a></i> (Pliocene and Pleistocene of Eurasia and Africa)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Adcrocuta" title="Adcrocuta">Adcrocuta</a></i> (Late Miocene of Eurasia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Crocuta</a></i> (=<i>Crocotta</i>; including <i>Eucrocuta</i>; <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">spotted hyena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cave_hyena" title="Cave hyena">cave hyena</a>. Late Pliocene to recent of Africa, Late Pliocene to Late Pleistocene of Eurasia)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Subfamily Protelinae</b> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gansuyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gansuyaena (page does not exist)">Gansuyaena</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i> (=<i>Geocyon</i>; <a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">aardwolf</a>. Pleistocene to Recent of Africa)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following cladogram illustrates the phylogenetic relationships between extant and extinct hyaenids based on the morphological analysis by Werdelin & Solounias (1991),<sup id="cite_ref-Werdelin1991_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werdelin1991-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as updated by Turner et al. (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:80%; line-height:85%;background-color:#eeeeff"> <caption style="background-color:#8899ff;padding:10px;font-weight:bold;">Evolution of hyaenas </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Protictitherium" title="Protictitherium">Protictitherium crassum</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Protictitherium" cingulatum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Protictitherium" intermedium</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Protictitherium" llopisi</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Protictitherium" punicum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"<a href="/wiki/Protictitherium" title="Protictitherium">Protictitherium" gaillardi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dotted;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Protictitherium" sumegense</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dotted;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Protictitherium" csakvarense</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="background-color:#eeeeff;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="background-color:#eeeeff;"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Plioviverrops" title="Plioviverrops">Plioviverrops</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Plioviverrops gervaisi</i> </p> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-bar" style="font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;color:darkgreen;text-align:right;">    Civet/mongoose-like insectivore-omnivores </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Plioviverrops orbignyi</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Plioviverrops guerini</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Plioviverrops faventinus</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Plioviverrops gaudryi</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tungurictis spocki</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Thalassictis" title="Thalassictis">Thalassictis robusta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Thalassictis" certa</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Thalassictis" montadai</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Thalassictis" proava</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Thalassictis" sarmatica</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Thalassictis" spelaea</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tongxinictis primordialis</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="background-color:#ddeeff;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="background-color:#ddeeff;"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Proteles_cristatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteles cristatus">Proteles cristatus</a></b></i> (aardwolf) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_life_of_animals_(Colored_Plate_4)_(proteles_cristatus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg/50px-The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg/75px-The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg/100px-The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="408" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Proteles amplidentus</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="background-color:#ddeeff;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="background-color:#ddddff;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <i><a href="/wiki/Ictitherium" title="Ictitherium">Ictitherium</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ictitherium" title="Ictitherium">Ictitherium viverrinum</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Ictitherium ebu</i> </p> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-bar" style="font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;color:darkcyan;text-align:right;">    Jackal-like hyaenas </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Ictitherium tauricum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Ictitherium ibericum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Ictitherium kurteni</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Ictitherium intuberculatum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Ictitherium pannonicum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Miohyaenotherium bessarabicum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <i><a href="/wiki/Hyaenotherium" title="Hyaenotherium">Hyaenotherium</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Hyaenotherium wongii</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Hyaenictitherium hyaenoides</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Hyaenictitherium" pilgrimi</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Hyaenictitherium" parvum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Hyaenictitherium" namaquensis</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"Hyaenictitherium" minimum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="background-color:#ccccff;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="background-color:#ccccff;"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <i><a href="/wiki/Lycyaena" title="Lycyaena">Lycyaena</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Lycyaena chaeretis</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Lycyaena dubia</i> </p> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-bar" style="font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;color:darkblue;text-align:right;">    Cursorial hunting hyaenas </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Lycyaena macrostoma</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Lycyaena crusafonti</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyaenictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyaenictis (page does not exist)">Hyaenictis</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Hyaenictis graeca</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Hyaenictis almerai</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Hyaenictis hendeyi</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lycyaenops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycyaenops (page does not exist)">Lycyaenops</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Lycyaenops rhomboideae</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Lycyaenops silberbergi</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <i><a href="/wiki/Chasmaporthetes" title="Chasmaporthetes">Chasmaporthetes</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Chasmaporthetes exitelus</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Chasmaporthetes bonisi</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Chasmaporthetes borissiaki</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Chasmaporthetes lunensis</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Chasmaporthetes melei</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Chasmaporthetes ossifragus</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Chasmaporthetes</i> sp. Florida </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Chasmaporthetes nitidula</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Chasmaporthetes australis</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">(running hyaenas) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="background-color:#ddccff"> <a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="background-color:#ddccff"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <caption style="font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;color:darkred;text-align:right;padding:5px 20px 0px 0px;">Bone-cracking hyaenas     </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Metahyaena confector</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Palinhyaena reperta</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Hyaenid sp. E Langebaar </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Belbus beaumonti</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="background-color:#eeccff;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="background-color:#eeccff;"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Hyaena abronia</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena hyaena">Hyaena hyaena</a></b></i> (striped hyaena) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="740" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Parahyaena howelli</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Parahyaena_brunnea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parahyaena brunnea">Parahyaena brunnea</a></b></i> (brown hyaena) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyaena_fusca_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Pliocrocuta perrieri</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pachycrocuta" title="Pachycrocuta">Pachycrocuta brevirostris</a></i> (giant hyaena) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pachycrocuta_brevirostris_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Pachycrocuta_brevirostris_restoration.jpg/70px-Pachycrocuta_brevirostris_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Pachycrocuta_brevirostris_restoration.jpg/105px-Pachycrocuta_brevirostris_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Pachycrocuta_brevirostris_restoration.jpg/140px-Pachycrocuta_brevirostris_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="906" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Adcrocuta" title="Adcrocuta">Adcrocuta eximia</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adcrocuta_eximia_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Adcrocuta_eximia_restoration.jpg/60px-Adcrocuta_eximia_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Adcrocuta_eximia_restoration.jpg/90px-Adcrocuta_eximia_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Adcrocuta_eximia_restoration.jpg/120px-Adcrocuta_eximia_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="568" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Allohyaena kadici</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Crocuta_crocuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocuta crocuta">Crocuta crocuta</a></b></i> (spotted hyaena) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spotted_hyena_(Crocuta_crocuta)_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png/50px-Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png/75px-Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png/100px-Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png 2x" data-file-width="2728" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span>   </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Crocuta eturono</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="background-color:#eeccff;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="background-color:#ddccff">(bone‑cracking hyenas) </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="background-color:#ccccff;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="background-color:#eeeeff;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><p>Phylogenic relationships based on morphological characteristics, after Werdelin & Solounias (1991) and Turner et al (2008)</p></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>A more recent molecular analysis agrees on the phylogenetic relationship between the four extant hyaenidae species (Koepfli <i>et al</i>, 2006<sup id="cite_ref-Koepfli2006_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koepfli2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%; line-height:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <b>Hyaenidae</b>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">    </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Proteles cristatus</a></i> (aardwolf) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_life_of_animals_(Colored_Plate_4)_(proteles_cristatus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg/60px-The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg/90px-The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg/120px-The_life_of_animals_%28Colored_Plate_4%29_%28proteles_cristatus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="408" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Crocuta crocuta</a></i> (spotted hyena) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spotted_hyena_(Crocuta_crocuta)_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png/80px-Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png/120px-Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png/160px-Spotted_hyena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_by_Connor_Ashbridge.png 2x" data-file-width="2728" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">Hyaena hyaena</a></i> (striped hyena) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/70px-Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/105px-Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/140px-Hyaena_striata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="740" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Parahyaena brunnea</a></i> (brown hyena) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyaena_fusca_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg/65px-Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg/98px-Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg/130px-Hyaena_fusca_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Build">Build</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Build"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena#Description" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena § Description</a>, <a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena#Description" title="Striped hyena">Striped hyena § Description</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aardwolf#Description" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf § Description</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena#Description" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena § Description</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StripedHyenaSkull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/StripedHyenaSkull.jpg/220px-StripedHyenaSkull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/StripedHyenaSkull.jpg/330px-StripedHyenaSkull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/StripedHyenaSkull.jpg/440px-StripedHyenaSkull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Striped hyena skull. Note the disproportionately large carnassials and premolars adapted for bone consumption</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aardwolfskull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Aardwolfskull.jpg/220px-Aardwolfskull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Aardwolfskull.jpg/330px-Aardwolfskull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Aardwolfskull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Aardwolf skull. Note the greatly reduced molars and carnassials, rendered redundant from insectivory</figcaption></figure> <p>Hyenas have relatively short torsos and are fairly massive and <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolf</a>-like in build, but have lower hind quarters, high withers and their backs slope noticeably downward towards their rumps. The forelegs are high, while the hind legs are very short and their necks are thick and short. Their skulls superficially resemble those of large canids, but are much larger and heavier, with shorter facial portions. Hyenas are <a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">digitigrade</a>, with the fore and hind paws having four digits each and sporting bulging pawpads.<sup id="cite_ref-h3_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h3-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like canids, hyenas have short, blunt, non-retractable claws.<sup id="cite_ref-p62_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p62-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">pelage</a> is sparse and coarse with poorly developed or absent underfur. Most species have a rich mane of long hair running from the withers or from the head.<sup id="cite_ref-h3_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h3-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of the spotted hyena, hyaenids have striped coats, which they likely inherited from their <a href="/wiki/Viverrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Viverrid">viverrid</a> ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-mac119_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ears are large and have simple basal ridges and no marginal bursa.<sup id="cite_ref-p62_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p62-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">vertebral column</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical region</a> are of limited mobility. Hyenas have no <a href="/wiki/Baculum" title="Baculum">baculum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h4_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyenas have one more pair of ribs than canids do, and their tongues are rough like those of felids and viverrids.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males in most hyena species are larger than females,<sup id="cite_ref-m21_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m21-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the spotted hyena is an exception, as it is the female of the species that outweighs and dominates the male. Also, unlike other hyenas, the <a href="/wiki/Female_genitalia_of_spotted_hyenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Female genitalia of spotted hyenas">female spotted hyena's external genitalia</a> closely resembles that of the male.<sup id="cite_ref-k210_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k210-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their <a href="/wiki/Dentition" title="Dentition">dentition</a> is similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Canid" class="mw-redirect" title="Canid">canid</a>, but is more specialised for consuming coarse food and crushing bones. The <a href="/wiki/Carnassial" title="Carnassial">carnassials</a>, especially the upper, are very powerful and are shifted far back to the point of exertion of peak pressure on the jaws. The other teeth, save for the underdeveloped upper <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molars</a>, are powerful, with broad bases and cutting edges. The <a href="/wiki/Canine_teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Canine teeth">canines</a> are short, but thick and robust.<sup id="cite_ref-h4_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Teeth" title="Anatomical terms of location">Labiolingually</a>, their <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">mandibles</a> are much stronger at the canine teeth than in canids, reflecting the fact that hyenas crack bones with both their anterior dentition and <a href="/wiki/Premolars" class="mw-redirect" title="Premolars">premolars</a>, unlike canids, which do so with their post-carnassial molars.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strength of their jaws is such that both striped and spotted hyenas have been recorded to kill dogs with a single bite to the neck without breaking the skin.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hamilton_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hamilton-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spotted hyena is renowned for its strong bite proportional to its size, but a number of other animals (including the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_devil" title="Tasmanian devil">Tasmanian devil</a>) are proportionately stronger.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wroe2005_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wroe2005-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aardwolf has greatly reduced cheek teeth, sometimes absent in the adult, but otherwise has the same dental formula as the other three species.<sup id="cite_ref-EoM_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoM-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dentition" title="Dentition">dental formula</a> for all hyena species is: <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;" title="upper dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">3.1.4.1</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;" title="lower dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">3.1.3.1</span></span></span> </p><p>Although hyenas lack <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineal</a> scent glands, they have a large pouch of naked skin located at the anal opening. Large <a href="/wiki/Anal_gland" title="Anal gland">anal glands</a> above the anus open into this pouch. Several <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_gland" title="Sebaceous gland">sebaceous glands</a> are present between the openings of the anal glands and above them.<sup id="cite_ref-p62_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p62-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These glands produce a white, creamy secretion that the hyenas paste onto grass stalks. The odor of <a href="/wiki/Hyena_butter" title="Hyena butter">this secretion</a> is very strong, smelling of boiling cheap <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">soap</a> or burning, and can be detected by humans several meters downwind.<sup id="cite_ref-k222_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k222-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The secretions are primarily used for <a href="/wiki/Territorial_marking" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial marking">territorial marking</a>, though both the aardwolf<sup id="cite_ref-mac119_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the striped hyena<sup id="cite_ref-h38_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h38-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> will <a href="/wiki/Spraying_(animal_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spraying (animal behavior)">spray</a> them when attacked. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behavior">Behavior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brown_hyena_in_Ghanzi,_BW-GH,_BW_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Brown_hyena_in_Ghanzi%2C_BW-GH%2C_BW_2.jpg/220px-Brown_hyena_in_Ghanzi%2C_BW-GH%2C_BW_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Brown_hyena_in_Ghanzi%2C_BW-GH%2C_BW_2.jpg/330px-Brown_hyena_in_Ghanzi%2C_BW-GH%2C_BW_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Brown_hyena_in_Ghanzi%2C_BW-GH%2C_BW_2.jpg/440px-Brown_hyena_in_Ghanzi%2C_BW-GH%2C_BW_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Brown hyena marking its territory with its anal glands</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2667_Spotted_Hyena_Cubs.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2667_Spotted_Hyena_Cubs.JPG/200px-2667_Spotted_Hyena_Cubs.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2667_Spotted_Hyena_Cubs.JPG/300px-2667_Spotted_Hyena_Cubs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2667_Spotted_Hyena_Cubs.JPG/400px-2667_Spotted_Hyena_Cubs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Spotted hyena cubs at their den</figcaption></figure> <p>Hyenas <a href="/wiki/Personal_grooming" title="Personal grooming">groom themselves</a> often like <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">felids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">viverrids</a>, and their way of licking their genitals is very cat-like (sitting on the lower back, legs spread with one leg pointing vertically upward). They defecate in the same manner as other Carnivora, though they never <a href="/wiki/Raised-leg_urination" class="mw-redirect" title="Raised-leg urination">raise their legs as canids do when urinating</a>, as urination serves no territorial function for them. Instead, hyenas <a href="/wiki/Territorial_marking" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial marking">mark their territories</a> using their anal glands, a trait found also in viverrids and <a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">mustelids</a>, but not canids and <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">felids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-k271_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k271-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When attacked by lions or dogs, striped<sup id="cite_ref-p72_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p72-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and brown hyenas<sup id="cite_ref-mills60_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mills60-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> will <a href="/wiki/Apparent_death" title="Apparent death">feign death</a>, though the spotted hyena will defend itself ferociously.<sup id="cite_ref-hamilton_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hamilton-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spotted hyena is very vocal, producing a number of different sounds consisting of whoops, grunts, groans, lows, giggles, yells, growls, laughs and whines.<sup id="cite_ref-k220_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k220-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The striped hyena is comparatively silent, its vocalizations being limited to a chattering laugh and howling.<sup id="cite_ref-p73_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p73-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="27" data-mwtitle="Spotted_Hyaena_(Crocuta_crocuta)_(W1CDR0000381_BD12).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Spotted_Hyaena_(Crocuta_crocuta)_(W1CDR0000381_BD12).ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Spotted_Hyaena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_%28W1CDR0000381_BD12%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Spotted_Hyaena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_%28W1CDR0000381_BD12%29.ogg/Spotted_Hyaena_%28Crocuta_crocuta%29_%28W1CDR0000381_BD12%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Whoop of a spotted hyena in Umfolosi Game Park, South Africa.</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="Mating"></span> <a href="/wiki/Animal_sexual_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal sexual behavior">Mating</a> between hyenas involves a number of short copulations with brief intervals, unlike canids, who generally <a href="/wiki/Canine_tying" class="mw-redirect" title="Canine tying">engage in a single, drawn out copulation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-k271_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k271-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spotted hyena cubs are born almost fully developed, with their eyes open and erupting incisors and canines, though lacking adult markings.<sup id="cite_ref-k247_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k247-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, striped hyena cubs are born with adult markings, closed eyes and small ears.<sup id="cite_ref-r350_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r350-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyenas do not <a href="/wiki/Regurgitation_(digestion)" title="Regurgitation (digestion)">regurgitate</a> food for their young and male spotted hyenas play no part in raising their cubs,<sup id="cite_ref-k271_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k271-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though male striped hyenas do so.<sup id="cite_ref-h40_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h40-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The striped hyena is primarily a scavenger, though it will also attack and kill any animals it can overcome,<sup id="cite_ref-p72_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p72-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and will supplement its diet with fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-h31_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h31-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spotted hyena, though it also scavenges occasionally, is an active pack hunter of medium to large sized <a href="/wiki/Ungulates" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungulates">ungulates</a>, which it catches by wearing them down in long chases and dismembering them in a canid-like manner. Spotted hyenas may kill as many as 95% of the animals they eat.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aardwolf is primarily an insectivore, specialised for feeding on <a href="/wiki/Termite" title="Termite">termites</a> of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Trinervitermes" title="Trinervitermes">Trinervitermes</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hodotermes" title="Hodotermes">Hodotermes</a></i>, which it consumes by licking them up with its long, broad tongue. An aardwolf can eat 300,000 <i>Trinervitermes</i> on a single outing.<sup id="cite_ref-mac119_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Except for the aardwolf, hyenas are known to drive off larger predators, like lions, from their kills, despite having a reputation in popular culture for being cowardly.<sup id="cite_ref-p72_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p72-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyenas are primarily nocturnal animals, but sometimes venture from their lairs in the early-morning hours. With the exception of the highly social spotted hyena, hyenas are generally not gregarious animals, though the striped and brown hyenas may live in family groups and congregate at kills.<sup id="cite_ref-r343_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r343-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spotted hyenas are one of the few mammals other than bats known to survive infection with rabies virus<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have shown little or no disease-induced mortality during outbreaks in sympatric carnivores, in part due to the high concentration of <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">antibodies</a> present in their saliva.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this perceived unique disease resistance, little is known about the immune system of spotted hyenas,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even less is known about other Hyaenidae species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationships_with_humans">Relationships with humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Relationships with humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folklore,_mythology_and_literature"><span id="Folklore.2C_mythology_and_literature"></span>Folklore, mythology and literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Folklore, mythology and literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20,000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png/220px-20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png/330px-20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png/440px-20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cave_hyena" title="Cave hyena">Cave hyena</a> (<i>Crocuta crocuta spelaea</i>) painting found in the <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a> in 1994</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyenamosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hyenamosaic.jpg/220px-Hyenamosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Hyenamosaic.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="305" /></a><figcaption> A depiction of the legendary striped hyena, Krokottas of Kytheros Island, from the <a href="/wiki/Nile_mosaic_of_Palestrina" title="Nile mosaic of Palestrina">Nile mosaic of Palestrina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Spotted hyenas vary in their folkloric and mythological depictions, depending on the ethnic group from which the tales originate. It is often difficult to know whether spotted hyenas are the specific hyena species featured in such stories, particularly in West Africa, as both spotted and striped hyenas are often given the same names. In West African tales, spotted hyenas are sometimes depicted as bad <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> who challenge the local <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a> that exists among the <a href="/wiki/Beng_language" title="Beng language">Beng</a> in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d’Ivoire">Côte d’Ivoire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabwa">Tabwa</a> mythology portrays the spotted hyena as a solar animal that first brought the sun to warm the cold earth, while West African folklore generally shows the hyena as symbolizing immorality, dirty habits, the reversal of normal activities, and other negative traits. In <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, there is a belief that <a href="/wiki/Witch" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch">witches</a> use spotted hyenas as <a href="/wiki/Riding_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Riding animal">mounts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Mtwara_Region" title="Mtwara Region">Mtwara Region</a> of Tanzania, it is believed that a child born at night while a hyena is crying will likely to grow up to be a thief. In the same area, hyena feces are believed to enable a child to walk at an early age, thus it is not uncommon in that area to see children with hyena dung wrapped in their clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-m97_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m97-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kaguru" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaguru">Kaguru</a> of Tanzania and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kujamaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kujamaat (page does not exist)">Kujamaat</a> of southern <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> view hyenas as <a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">inedible</a> and greedy hermaphrodites. A mythical African tribe called the <a href="/wiki/Bouda" title="Bouda">Bouda</a> is reputed to have members able to transform into hyenas.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar myth occurs in <a href="/wiki/Mans%C3%B4a" title="Mansôa">Mansôa</a>. These "<a href="/wiki/Werehyena" title="Werehyena">werehyenas</a>" are killed when discovered, and do not revert to human form once dead.<sup id="cite_ref-m97_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m97-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Striped hyenas are often referred to in <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a> literature and folklore, typically as symbols of treachery and stupidity.<sup id="cite_ref-ABI_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABI-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Near and Middle East, striped hyenas are generally regarded as physical incarnations of <a href="/wiki/Genie" class="mw-redirect" title="Genie">jinns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arab writer <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yahya_Zakariya%27_ibn_Muhammad_al-Qazwini" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Yahya Zakariya' ibn Muhammad al-Qazwini">al-Qazwīnī</a> (1204–1283) spoke of a tribe of people called <i>al-Ḍabyūn</i> meaning "hyena people". In his book <i>‘Ajā’ib Al-Makhlūqāt</i> he wrote that should one of this tribe be in a group of 1,000 people, a hyena could pick him out and eat him.<sup id="cite_ref-ABI_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABI-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a> medical treatise written in 1376 tells how to cure cannibalistic people known as <i>kaftar</i>, who are said to be "half-man, half-hyena".<sup id="cite_ref-magic_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Damiri" title="Al-Damiri">al-Damīrī</a> in his writings in <i>Ḥawayān al-Kubrā</i> (1406) wrote that striped hyenas were <a href="/wiki/Vampiric" class="mw-redirect" title="Vampiric">vampiric</a> creatures that attacked people at night and sucked the blood from their necks. He also wrote that hyenas only attacked brave people. Arab folklore tells of how hyenas can mesmerise victims with their eyes or sometimes with their pheromones.<sup id="cite_ref-ABI_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABI-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a similar vein to al-Damīrī, the <a href="/wiki/Greek_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek people">Greeks</a> until the end of the 19th century believed that the bodies of werewolves, if not destroyed, would haunt battlefields as vampiric hyenas that drank the blood of dying soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodward_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodward-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The image of striped hyenas in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, India and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> is more varied. Though feared, striped hyenas were also symbolic of love and fertility, leading to numerous varieties of love medicine derived from hyena body parts. Among the <a href="/wiki/Baluch_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluch people">Baluch</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Northern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern India">northern India</a>, witches or magicians are said to ride striped hyenas at night.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_60-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The striped hyena is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> word for the hyena, <i>ḍab`</i> or <i>ḍabu`</i> (plural <i>ḍibā`</i>), is alluded to in a valley in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> known as Shaqq-ud-Diba` (meaning "cleft of the hyenas") and Wadi-Abu-Diba` (meaning "valley of the hyenas"). Both places have been interpreted by some scholars as being the Biblical Valley of <a href="/wiki/Zeboim_(Hebrew_Bible)" title="Zeboim (Hebrew Bible)">Tsebo`im</a> mentioned in 1 <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Samuel">Samuel</a> 13:18. In modern <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, the word for hyena and hypocrite are both the same: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:צבוע"><i>tsavua</i></a>. Though the <a href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version">Authorized King James Version</a> of the Bible interprets the term "<i>`ayit tsavua`</i>" (found in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> 12:9) as "speckled bird", <a href="/wiki/Henry_Baker_Tristram" title="Henry Baker Tristram">Henry Baker Tristram</a> argued that it was most likely a hyena being mentioned.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTF_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTF-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vocalization of the spotted hyena resembling hysterical human <a href="/wiki/Laughter" title="Laughter">laughter</a> has been alluded to in numerous works of literature: "to laugh like a hyæna" was a common <a href="/wiki/Simile" title="Simile">simile</a>, and is featured in <i>The Cobbler's Prophecy</i> (1594), <i>Webster's Duchess of Malfy</i> (1623) and <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a></i>, Act IV. Sc.1.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Die Strandjutwolf</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">brown hyena</a>) is an <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> poem by the renowned South African poet, <a href="/wiki/N._P._van_Wyk_Louw" title="N. P. van Wyk Louw">N. P. van Wyk Louw</a>, which evokes a sinister and ominous presence.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_on_humans">Attacks on humans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Attacks on humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyena_attack_(1842_woodcut).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hyena_attack_%281842_woodcut%29.jpg/220px-Hyena_attack_%281842_woodcut%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Hyena_attack_%281842_woodcut%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption>Illustration from <i>Fraser's</i> magazine showing an artist's impression of a "stag-hound" biting a spotted hyena attacking its master</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bodleian_Libraries,_Handbill_of_Merchant%27s_Hall,_1739,_announcing_A_lion,_lionesses,_tigers,_etc..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bodleian_Libraries%2C_Handbill_of_Merchant%27s_Hall%2C_1739%2C_announcing_A_lion%2C_lionesses%2C_tigers%2C_etc..jpg/220px-Bodleian_Libraries%2C_Handbill_of_Merchant%27s_Hall%2C_1739%2C_announcing_A_lion%2C_lionesses%2C_tigers%2C_etc..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bodleian_Libraries%2C_Handbill_of_Merchant%27s_Hall%2C_1739%2C_announcing_A_lion%2C_lionesses%2C_tigers%2C_etc..jpg/330px-Bodleian_Libraries%2C_Handbill_of_Merchant%27s_Hall%2C_1739%2C_announcing_A_lion%2C_lionesses%2C_tigers%2C_etc..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bodleian_Libraries%2C_Handbill_of_Merchant%27s_Hall%2C_1739%2C_announcing_A_lion%2C_lionesses%2C_tigers%2C_etc..jpg/440px-Bodleian_Libraries%2C_Handbill_of_Merchant%27s_Hall%2C_1739%2C_announcing_A_lion%2C_lionesses%2C_tigers%2C_etc..jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A 1739 advertisement by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Benjamin_Incledon_(advertiser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Benjamin Incledon (advertiser)">Charles Benjamin Incledon</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Feliform" class="mw-redirect" title="Feliform">feliforms</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian lion">Mesopotamian lion</a> from the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Bassorah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassorah">Bassorah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_lion" title="Cape lion">Cape lion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a> from the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">panther</a> from <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena hyaena">Hyaena hyaena</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a> from <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, besides a "<a href="/wiki/Lampago" title="Lampago">Man tyger</a>" from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The advertisement mentions that the 'hyaena' can mimic a human voice to lure humans.</figcaption></figure> <p>In ordinary circumstances, striped hyenas are extremely timid around humans, though they may show bold behaviors towards people at night.<sup id="cite_ref-h36_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h36-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On rare occasions, striped hyenas have preyed on humans. </p><p>Among hyenas, only the spotted and striped hyenas have been known to become <a href="/wiki/Man-eating_animal" title="Man-eating animal">man-eaters</a>. Hyenas are known to have preyed on humans in prehistory: human hair has been found in fossilized hyena dung dating back 195,000 to 257,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some paleontologists believe that competition and predation by <a href="/wiki/Cave_hyena" title="Cave hyena">cave hyenas</a> (<i>Crocuta crocuta spelaea</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> was a significant factor in delaying human colonization of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. Hyenas may have occasionally stolen human kills, or entered campsites to drag off the young and weak, much like modern spotted hyenas in Africa. The oldest Alaskan human remains coincide with roughly the same time cave hyenas became extinct, leading some paleontologists to infer that hyena predation prevented humans from crossing the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a> earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-Siberia_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siberia-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyenas readily scavenge from human corpses; in Ethiopia, hyenas were reported to feed extensively on the corpses of victims of the <a href="/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup_attempt" title="1960 Ethiopian coup attempt">1960 attempted coup</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Terror_(Ethiopia)" title="Red Terror (Ethiopia)">Red Terror</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyenas habituated to scavenging on human corpses may develop bold behaviors towards living people: hyena attacks on people in southern Sudan increased during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a>, when human corpses were readily available to them.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although spotted hyenas have been known to prey on humans in modern times, such incidents are rare. However, attacks on humans by spotted hyenas are likely to be underreported.<sup id="cite_ref-SGDRN_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGDRN-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Man-eating spotted hyenas tend to be very large specimens; a pair of man-eating hyenas, responsible for killing 27 people in <a href="/wiki/Mulanje" title="Mulanje">Mulanje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> in 1962, weighed in at 72 kg (159 lb) and 77 kg (170 lb) after being shot.<sup id="cite_ref-maneat_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maneat-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1903 report describes spotted hyenas in the <a href="/wiki/Mzimba_District" title="Mzimba District">Mzimba district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Angoniland" class="mw-redirect" title="Angoniland">Angoniland</a> waiting at dawn outside people's huts to attack them when they opened their doors.<sup id="cite_ref-NE_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victims of spotted hyenas tend to be women, children and sick or infirm men; <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> wrote in 1908–1909 in <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> that spotted hyenas regularly killed sufferers of <a href="/wiki/African_sleeping_sickness" class="mw-redirect" title="African sleeping sickness">African sleeping sickness</a> as they slept outside in camps.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spotted hyenas are widely feared in Malawi, where they have been known to attack people at night, particularly during the hot season when people sleep outside. A spate of hyena attacks were reported in Malawi's <a href="/wiki/Phalombe" title="Phalombe">Phalombe</a> plain, with five deaths recorded in 1956, five in 1957 and six in 1958. This pattern continued until 1961, when eight people were killed. Attacks occurred most commonly in September, when people slept outdoors and bush fires made the hunting of wild game difficult for the hyenas.<sup id="cite_ref-SGDRN_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGDRN-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NE_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2004 news report stated that 35 people were killed by spotted hyenas in a 12-month period in <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> along a 20-km stretch of road near the <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzanian</a> border.<sup id="cite_ref-SGDRN_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGDRN-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1880s, a hyena was reported to have attacked humans, especially sleeping children, over a three-year period in the <a href="/wiki/I%C4%9Fd%C4%B1r_Province" title="Iğdır Province">Iğdır Province</a> of Turkey, with 25 children and 3 adults being wounded in one year. The attacks provoked local authorities into announcing a reward of 100 <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">rubles</a> for every hyena killed. Further attacks were reported later in some parts of the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a>, particularly in 1908. Instances are known in <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> of striped hyenas killing children sleeping in courtyards during the 1930s and 1940s. In 1942, a sleeping guard was mauled in his hut by a hyena in <a href="/wiki/Qal%C4%B1ncaq" title="Qalıncaq">Qalıncaq</a> (Golyndzhakh). Cases of children being taken by hyenas by night are known in southeast Turkmenistan's <a href="/wiki/Bathyz_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathyz Nature Reserve">Bathyz Nature Reserve</a>. A further attack on a child was reported around <a href="/wiki/Serakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Serakhs">Serakhs</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-h46_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h46-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several attacks have occurred in India; in 1962, 9 children were thought to have been taken by hyenas in the town of <a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur" title="Bhagalpur">Bhagalpur</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> State in a six-week period,<sup id="cite_ref-BOTF_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTF-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 19 children up to the age of four were killed by hyenas in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-m25_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m25-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A survey of wild animal attacks during a five-year period in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> reported that hyenas had attacked three people, causing fewer deaths than <a href="/wiki/Indian_wolf" title="Indian wolf">wolves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">gaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar">boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">elephants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">tigers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_leopard" title="Indian leopard">leopards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">sloth bears</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Attacks_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attacks-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyenas_as_food_and_medicine">Hyenas as food and medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hyenas as food and medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyenas are used for food and medicinal purposes in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are considered <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This practice dates back to the times of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, who believed that different parts of the hyena's body were effective means to ward off evil and to ensure love and fertility.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_60-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Du%28%2Faina^">ὕαινα</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus. 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Abi-Said (2006) <i>Reviled as a grave robber: The ecology and conservation of striped hyaenas in the human dominated landscapes of Lebanon</i> Ph.D. thesis, University of Kent (Biodiversity management)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodward-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woodward_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward1979" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, Ian (1979). <i>The Werewolf Delusion</i>. Paddington Press. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-448-23170-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-448-23170-0"><bdi>0-448-23170-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Werewolf+Delusion&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Paddington+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-448-23170-0&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOTF-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BOTF_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOTF_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBright2006" class="citation book cs1">Bright, Michael (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beastsoffieldrev0000brig/page/127"><i>Beasts of the Field: The Revealing Natural History of Animals in the Bible</i></a>. Pavilion Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beastsoffieldrev0000brig/page/127">127–129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86105-831-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86105-831-4"><bdi>1-86105-831-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beasts+of+the+Field%3A+The+Revealing+Natural+History+of+Animals+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=127-129&rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-86105-831-4&rft.aulast=Bright&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeastsoffieldrev0000brig%2Fpage%2F127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaljaard-Gilson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Taljaard-Gilson, Gerda (2018). "Symbolic values of the dog in Afrikaans literature". <i>Tydskrif vir Letterkunde</i>. <b>55</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17159%2F2309-9070%2Ftvl.v.55i3.5506">10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.55i3.5506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tydskrif+vir+Letterkunde&rft.atitle=Symbolic+values+of+the+dog+in+Afrikaans+literature&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17159%2F2309-9070%2Ftvl.v.55i3.5506&rft.aulast=Taljaard-Gilson&rft.aufirst=Gerda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h36-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h36_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViegas2009" class="citation web cs1">Viegas, Jennifer (10 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100107023507/http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2009/02/10/oldest-human-hair.html">"Oldest Human Hair Found in Fossilized Dung"</a>. <i>Discovery News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2009/02/10/oldest-human-hair.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discovery+News&rft.atitle=Oldest+Human+Hair+Found+in+Fossilized+Dung&rft.date=2009-02-10&rft.aulast=Viegas&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdsc.discovery.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2F02%2F10%2Foldest-human-hair.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siberia-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siberia_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asu.edu/provost/emerituscollege/EVoice1/Articles%20section/n1%20Turner%206x9.pdf">"Hyenas and Humans in Ice Age Siberia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Christy G. Turner II</i>. School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christy+G.+Turner+II&rft.atitle=Hyenas+and+Humans+in+Ice+Age+Siberia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asu.edu%2Fprovost%2Femerituscollege%2FEVoice1%2FArticles%2520section%2Fn1%2520Turner%25206x9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kapu%C5%9Bci%C5%84ski" title="Ryszard Kapuściński">Kapuściński, Ryszard</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_(book)" title="The Emperor (book)">The Emperor: Downfall of an Autocrat</a></i>. 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-72203-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-72203-3">0-679-72203-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donham, Donald Lewis (1999) <i>Marxist modern: an ethnographic history of the Ethiopian revolution</i>, University of California Press, page 135, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-21329-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-21329-7">0-520-21329-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Copson, Raymond W. (1994) <i>Africa's wars and prospects for peace</i>, M.E. Sharpe, page 6, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56324-300-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-56324-300-8">1-56324-300-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SGDRN-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SGDRN_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SGDRN_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SGDRN_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Begg, Colleen, Begg, Keith & Muemedi, Oscar (2007) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.selous-niassa-corridor.org/fileadmin/publications/2007-Human-Carnivore_Crocodile_Conflict_-NNR.pdf">Preliminary data on human - carnivore conflict in Niassa National Reserve, Mozambique, particularly fatalities due to lion, spotted hyaena and crocodile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111226170051/http://www.selous-niassa-corridor.org/fileadmin/publications/2007-Human-Carnivore_Crocodile_Conflict_-NNR.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-12-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, SGDRN (Sociedade para a Gestão e Desenvolvimento da Reserva do Niassa Moçambique)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maneat-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maneat_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kruuk, Hans (2002) <i>Hunter and hunted: relationships between carnivores and people</i> Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89109-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89109-4">0-521-89109-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NE-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NE_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NE_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2000" class="citation book cs1">Knight, John (2000). <i>Natural Enemies: People-Wildlife conflicts in Anthropological Perspective</i>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-22441-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-22441-1"><bdi>0-415-22441-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Enemies%3A+People-Wildlife+conflicts+in+Anthropological+Perspective&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-415-22441-1&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roosevelt, Theodore (1910) <i>African Game Trails: An Account of the African Wanderings of an American Hunter, Naturalist</i>, New York, C. Scribner's sons</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h46-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h46_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m25-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m25_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillsHofer1998">Mills & Hofer 1998</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Attacks-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Attacks_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927173051/http://www.nina.no/archive/nina/Publikasjoner/oppdragsmelding/NINA-OM731.pdf">"The Fear of Wolves: A Review of Wolf Attacks on Humans"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nina.no/archive/nina/Publikasjoner/oppdragsmelding/NINA-OM731.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fear+of+Wolves%3A+A+Review+of+Wolf+Attacks+on+Humans&rft.pub=Norsk+Institutt+for+Naturforskning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nina.no%2Farchive%2Fnina%2FPublikasjoner%2Foppdragsmelding%2FNINA-OM731.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170103170353/http://www.somalilandpress.com/islamists-authorise-hyena-meat-in-southern-somalia/">"Islamists authorise hyena meat in Southern Somalia"</a>. <i>Somalilandpress</i>. August 12, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somalilandpress.com/islamists-authorise-hyena-meat-in-southern-somalia/">the original</a> on 2017-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Somalilandpress&rft.atitle=Islamists+authorise+hyena+meat+in+Southern+Somalia.&rft.date=2012-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.somalilandpress.com%2Fislamists-authorise-hyena-meat-in-southern-somalia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:851">"Jami' at-Tirmidhi 851 - The Book on Hajj - كتاب الحج عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Jami%27+at-Tirmidhi+851+-+The+Book+on+Hajj+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Ftirmidhi%3A851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992" class="citation book cs1">Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov221992gept"><i>Mammals of the Soviet Union: Carnivora (hyaenas and cats), Volume 2</i></a>. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+the+Soviet+Union%3A+Carnivora+%28hyaenas+and+cats%29%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Libraries+and+National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Heptner&rft.aufirst=V.+G.&rft.au=Sludskii%2C+A.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmammalsofsov221992gept&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruuk1972" class="citation book cs1">Kruuk, Hans (1972). <i>The Spotted Hyena: A Study of Predation and Social Behaviour</i>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spotted+Hyena%3A+A+Study+of+Predation+and+Social+Behaviour&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Kruuk&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtén1968" class="citation book cs1">Kurtén, Björn (1968). <i>Pleistocene mammals of Europe</i>. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pleistocene+mammals+of+Europe&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Kurt%C3%A9n&rft.aufirst=Bj%C3%B6rn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonald1992" class="citation book cs1">Macdonald, David (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/velvetclawnatura00macd"><i>The Velvet Claw: A Natural History of the Carnivores</i></a>. New York: Parkwest. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-563-20844-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-563-20844-9"><bdi>0-563-20844-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Velvet+Claw%3A+A+Natural+History+of+the+Carnivores&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Parkwest&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-563-20844-9&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvelvetclawnatura00macd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillsHofer1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gus_Mills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gus Mills (page does not exist)">Mills, Gus</a>; Hofer, Heribert (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506084714/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/1998-013.pdf"><i>Hyaenas: status survey and conservation action plan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IUCN/SSC Hyena Specialist Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-8317-0442-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-8317-0442-1"><bdi>2-8317-0442-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/1998-013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hyaenas%3A+status+survey+and+conservation+action+plan&rft.pub=IUCN%2FSSC+Hyena+Specialist+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=2-8317-0442-1&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Gus&rft.au=Hofer%2C+Heribert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.iucn.org%2Fdbtw-wpd%2Fedocs%2F1998-013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillsMills2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gus_Mills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gus Mills (page does not exist)">Mills, Gus</a>; Mills, Margie (2010). <i>Hyena Nights and Kalahari Days</i>. Jacana Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77009-811-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77009-811-4"><bdi>978-1-77009-811-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hyena+Nights+and+Kalahari+Days&rft.pub=Jacana+Education&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-77009-811-4&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Gus&rft.au=Mills%2C+Margie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPocock1941" class="citation book cs1">Pocock, R. I. (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PocockMammalia2"><i>Fauna of British India: Mammals Volume 2</i></a>. Taylor and Francis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fauna+of+British+India%3A+Mammals+Volume+2&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Pocock&rft.aufirst=R.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPocockMammalia2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosevear1974" class="citation book cs1">Rosevear, Donovan Reginald (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carnivoresofwest00rose"><i>The carnivores of West Africa</i></a>. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0565007238" title="Special:BookSources/0565007238"><bdi>0565007238</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+carnivores+of+West+Africa&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Trustees+of+the+British+Museum+%28Natural+History%29&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0565007238&rft.aulast=Rosevear&rft.aufirst=Donovan+Reginald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarnivoresofwest00rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyena" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Funk, Holdger (2010) <i>Hyaena: On the Naming and Localisation of an Enigmatic Animal</i>, GRIN Verlag, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-640-69784-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-640-69784-7">3-640-69784-7</a>.</li> <li>Lawick, Hugo & Goodall, Jane (1971) <i>Innocent Killers</i>, Houghton Mifflin Company Boston.</li> <li>Mills, M. G. L. (2003) <i>Kalahari Hyenas: Comparative Behavioral Ecology of Two Species</i>, The Blackburn Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyena&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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font-weight:bold;">Hyaenidae</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hyaenidae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hyaenidae">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/hyena" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/hyena">hyena</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Hyaenidae">Hyaenidae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hyena" class="extiw" title="q:Hyena">Hyena</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110507123347/http://www.hyaenidae.org/">IUCN Conservation Union Hyaena Specialist Group</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carnivora" title="Template:Carnivora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carnivora" title="Template talk:Carnivora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_Carnivora_species" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feliformia_(&quot;cat-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("cat-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feliformia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">African palm civet (<i>Nandinia binotata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prionodon_(Asiatic_linsangs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodon</a></i> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Asiatic linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_linsang" title="Banded linsang">Banded linsang (<i>P. linsang</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang" title="Spotted linsang">Spotted linsang (<i>P. pardicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Felidae_(cats)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(cats)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantherinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard" title="Sunda clouded leopard">Sunda clouded leopard (<i>N. diardi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard (<i>N. nebulosa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Snow leopard (<i>P. uncia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (<i>P. tigris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (<i>P. onca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (<i>P. leo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (<i>P. pardus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Bay cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">Marbled cat (<i>P. marmorata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_cat" title="Bay cat">Bay cat (<i>C. badia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat" title="Asian golden cat">Asian golden cat (<i>C. temminckii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Caracal<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (<i>Leptailurus serval</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">African golden cat (<i>C. aurata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (<i>C. caracal</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_cat" title="Pampas cat">Pampas cat (<i>L. colocola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat" title="Geoffroy's cat">Geoffroy's cat (<i>L. geoffroyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (<i>L. guigna</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus" title="Leopardus guttulus">Southern tiger cat (<i>L. guttulus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat" title="Andean mountain cat">Andean mountain cat (<i>L. jacobita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (<i>L. pardalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (<i>L. tigrinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (<i>L. wiedii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx (<i>L. lynx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx (<i>L. pardinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (<i>L. rufus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Puma<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Acinonyx" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (<i>A. jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (<i>Herpailurus yagouaroundi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (<i>P. concolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Leopard cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat" title="Pallas's cat">Pallas's cat (<i>Otocolobus manul</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">Leopard cat (<i>P. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat" title="Sunda leopard cat">Sunda leopard cat (<i>P. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat" title="Flat-headed cat">Flat-headed cat (<i>P. planiceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat" title="Rusty-spotted cat">Rusty-spotted cat (<i>P. rubiginosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat (<i>P. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat (<i>F. bieti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat (<i>F. catus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat (<i>F. chaus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat (<i>F. lybica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat (<i>F. margarita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat (<i>F. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat (<i>F. silvestris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Viverroidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston's palm civet">Owston's palm civet (<i>Chrotogale owstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Otter civet (<i>Cynogale bennettii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose's palm civet">Hose's palm civet (<i>Diplogale hosei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Banded palm civet (<i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (<i>Arctictis binturong</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet" title="Small-toothed palm civet">Small-toothed palm civet (<i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Sulawesi palm civet (<i>Macrogalidia musschenbroekii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Masked palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet (<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet" title="Brown palm civet">Brown palm civet (<i>P. jerdoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" title="Golden palm civet">Golden palm civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><br /><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a> <br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Small Indian civet (<i>Viverricula indica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet (<i>Civettictis civetta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet" title="Malabar large-spotted civet">Malabar large-spotted civet (<i>V. civettina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet" title="Large-spotted civet">Large-spotted civet (<i>V. megaspila</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet" title="Large Indian civet">Large Indian civet (<i>V. zibetha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(African linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan" title="Central African oyan">Central African oyan (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_oyan" title="West African oyan">West African oyan (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(genets)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet" title="Abyssinian genet">Abyssinian genet (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_genet" title="Angolan genet">Angolan genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" title="Bourlon's genet">Bourlon's genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" title="Crested servaline genet">Crested servaline genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_genet" title="Common genet">Common genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" title="Johnston's genet">Johnston's genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letaba_genet" title="Letaba genet">Letaba genet (<i>G. letabae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" title="Rusty-spotted genet">Rusty-spotted genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardine_genet" title="Pardine genet">Pardine genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet" title="Aquatic genet">Aquatic genet (<i>G. piscivora</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_genet" title="King genet">King genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servaline_genet" title="Servaline genet">Servaline genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_genet" title="Hausa genet">Hausa genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_genet" title="Cape genet">Cape genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" title="Giant forest genet">Giant forest genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet" title="South African small-spotted genet">South African small-spotted genet (<i>G. felina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (<i>P. cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bone-crushing hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">Striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena (<i>Parahyaena brunnea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena (<i>C. crocuta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (<i>Cryptoprocta ferox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Malagasy civet (<i>Fossa fossana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc" title="Eastern falanouc">Eastern falanouc (<i>E. goudotii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_falanouc" title="Western falanouc">Western falanouc (<i>E. major</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira" title="Ring-tailed vontsira">Ring-tailed vontsira (<i>Galidia elegans</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" title="Grandidier's mongoose">Grandidier's mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Narrow-striped mongoose (<i>Mungotictis decemlineata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose" title="Brown-tailed mongoose">Brown-tailed mongoose (<i>S. concolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira" title="Durrell's vontsira">Durrell's vontsira (<i>S. durrelli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><br /><i>sensu stricto</i></span><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(mongooses)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suricata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Meerkat (<i>S. suricatta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose (<i>Liberiictus kuhni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" title="Gambian mongoose">Gambian mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose (<i>M. mungo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues's mongoose">Pousargues's mongoose (<i>Dologale dybowskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose (<i>H. parvula</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander's kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" title="Angolan kusimanse">Angolan kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" title="Flat-headed kusimanse">Flat-headed kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Marsh mongoose (<i>Atilax paludinosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">Long-nosed mongoose (<i>Xenogale naso</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose" title="Small Indian mongoose">Small Indian mongoose (<i>U. auropunctata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose" title="Short-tailed mongoose">Short-tailed mongoose (<i>U. brachyura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose" title="Indian grey mongoose">Indian grey mongoose (<i>U. edwardsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose" title="Indian brown mongoose">Indian brown mongoose (<i>U. fusca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose" title="Javan mongoose">Javan mongoose (<i>U. javanica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose" title="Collared mongoose">Collared mongoose (<i>U. semitorquata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose" title="Ruddy mongoose">Ruddy mongoose (<i>U. smithii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose" title="Crab-eating mongoose">Crab-eating mongoose (<i>U. urva</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose" title="Stripe-necked mongoose">Stripe-necked mongoose (<i>U. vitticolla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">White-tailed mongoose (<i>Ichneumia albicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Yellow mongoose (<i>Cynictis penicillata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose" title="Selous's mongoose">Selous's mongoose (<i>Paracynictis selousi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Meller's mongoose (<i>Rhynchogale melleri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose">Bushy-tailed mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" title="Jackson's mongoose">Jackson's mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" title="Black-footed mongoose">Black-footed mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" title="Angolan slender mongoose">Angolan slender mongoose (<i>H. flavescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose (<i>H. ichneumon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" title="Somalian slender mongoose">Somalian slender mongoose (<i>H. ochracea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" title="Cape gray mongoose">Cape gray mongoose (<i>H. pulverulenta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose" title="Common slender mongoose">Common slender mongoose (<i>H. sanguinea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Caniformia_(&quot;dog-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("dog-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Canidae_(dogs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(dogs)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox (<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_fox" title="Island fox">Island fox (<i>U. littoralis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vulpini" title="Vulpini">Vulpini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Bat-eared fox (<i>Otocyon megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog" title="Common raccoon dog">Common raccoon dog (<i>N. procyonoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog" title="Japanese raccoon dog">Japanese raccoon dog (<i>N. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i><br /><small><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fox" title="Bengal fox">Bengal fox (<i>V. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox" title="Blanford's fox">Blanford's fox (<i>V. cana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsac_fox" title="Corsac fox">Corsac fox (<i>V. corsac</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox" title="Tibetan fox">Tibetan fox (<i>V. ferrilata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_fox" title="Kit fox">Kit fox (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_fox" title="Pale fox">Pale fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" title="Rüppell's fox">Rüppell's fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">Swift fox (<i>V. velox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox (<i>V. vulpes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">Fennec fox (<i>V. zerda</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)" title="Canini (tribe)">Canini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(true dogs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina" title="Cerdocyonina">Cerdocyonina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(zorro)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Maned wolf (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">Bush dog (<i>S. venaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Short-eared dog (<i>Atelocynus microtis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_American_fox" title="South American fox">Lycalopex</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (<i>L. culpaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" title="Darwin's fox">Darwin's fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">South American gray fox (<i>L. griseus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_fox" title="Pampas fox">Pampas fox (<i>L. gymnocercus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox" title="Sechuran fox">Sechuran fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoary_fox" title="Hoary fox">Hoary fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)" title="Canina (subtribe)">Canina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(wolf-like canids)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lupulella" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lupulella" title="Lupulella">Lupulella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal (<i>L. adustus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal (<i>L. mesomelas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole (<i>Cuon alpinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal (<i>C. aureus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Domestic dog (<i>C. familiaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf (<i>C. lupaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf (<i>C. lupus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf" title="Eastern wolf">Eastern wolf (<i>C. lycaon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf (<i>C. rufus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf (<i>C. simensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bears)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">Giant panda (<i>A. melanoleuca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tremarctos" title="Tremarctos">Tremarctos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Spectacled bear (<i>T. ornatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><a href="/wiki/Ursinae" title="Ursinae">Ursinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear (<i>Melursus ursinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Sun bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)" title="Ursus (mammal)">Ursus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear (<i>U. americanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear (<i>U. thibetanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">Brown bear (<i>U. arctos</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (<i>U. maritimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Mustelida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia</a> <small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pinnipedia_(seals)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Odobenidae" title="Odobenidae">Odobenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(eared seals:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Callorhinus" title="Callorhinus">Callorhinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Northern fur seal (<i>C. ursinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otariinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Otariinae">Otariinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lion (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion (<i>Z. californianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" title="Galápagos sea lion">Galápagos sea lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">South American sea lion (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neophoca" title="Neophoca">Neophoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lion (<i>N. cinerea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lion (<i>Phocarctos hookeri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal" title="South American fur seal">South American fur seal (<i>A. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">Australasian fur seal (<i>A. forsteri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal" title="Galápagos fur seal">Galápagos fur seal (<i>A. galapagoensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal (<i>A. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal" title="Juan Fernández fur seal">Juan Fernández fur seal (<i>A. philippii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Brown fur seal (<i>A. pusillus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal (<i>A. townsendi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">Subantarctic fur seal (<i>A. tropicalis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(earless seals<br />or true seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Phocinae" title="Phocinae">Phocinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("northern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Bearded seal (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Hooded seal (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phocini" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocini">Phocini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Harp seal (<i>Pagophilus groenlandicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Ribbon seal (<i>Histriophoca fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Grey seal (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_seal" title="Spotted seal">Spotted seal (<i>P. largha</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seal (<i>P. vitulina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_seal" title="Caspian seal">Caspian seal (<i>P. caspica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">Ringed seal (<i>P. hispida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_seal" title="Baikal seal">Baikal seal (<i>P. sibirica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monachinae" title="Monachinae">Monachinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("southern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monachini(monk_seals)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monk_seal" title="Monk seal">Monachini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(monk seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal (<i>Monachus monachus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neomonachus" title="Neomonachus">Neomonachus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal" title="Hawaiian monk seal">Hawaiian monk seal (<i>N. schauinslandi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(elephant seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal" title="Northern elephant seal">Northern elephant seal (<i>M. angustirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">Southern elephant seal (<i>M. leonina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lobodontini" title="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Antarctic seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal (<i>Hydrurga leptonyx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal (<i>Leptonychotes weddellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Crabeater seal (<i>Lobodon carcinophagus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal (<i>Ommatophoca rossi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Musteloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(hog-nosed skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk">Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. humboldtii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" title="American hog-nosed skunk">American hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk">Striped hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk" title="Hooded skunk">Hooded skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk (<i>M. mephitis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Stink_badger" title="Stink badger">Mydaus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(stink badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" title="Sunda stink badger">Sunda stink badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" title="Palawan stink badger">Palawan stink badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(spotted skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk" title="Southern spotted skunk">Southern spotted skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" title="Eastern spotted skunk">Eastern spotted skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" title="Pygmy spotted skunk">Pygmy spotted skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (<i>Potos flavus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail" title="Ringtail">Ringtail (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (<i>B. sumichrasti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(raccoons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon" title="Crab-eating raccoon">Crab-eating raccoon (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (<i>P. lotor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon" title="Cozumel raccoon">Cozumel raccoon (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(olingos)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" title="Eastern lowland olingo">Eastern lowland olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_olingo" title="Northern olingo">Northern olingo (<i>B. gabbii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" title="Western lowland olingo">Western lowland olingo (<i>B. medius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinguito" title="Olinguito">Olinguito (<i>B. neblina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Nasuina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(coatis)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_coati" title="South American coati">South American coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati" title="White-nosed coati">White-nosed coati (<i>N. narica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" title="Nasuella meridensis">Eastern mountain coati (<i>N. meridensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea" title="Nasuella olivacea">Western mountain coati (<i>N. olivacea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mustelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mustelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger (<i>Taxidea taxus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mellivora" title="Mellivora">Mellivora</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Honey badger (<i>M. capensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Melinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Eurasian badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Arctonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger" title="Northern hog badger">Northern hog badger (<i>A. albogularis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger" title="Greater hog badger">Greater hog badger (<i>A. collaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger" title="Sumatran hog badger">Sumatran hog badger (<i>A. hoevenii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_badger" title="Japanese badger">Japanese badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger" title="Caucasian badger">Caucasian badger (<i>M. canescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_badger" title="Asian badger">Asian badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger (<i>M. meles</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(ferret-badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger" title="Vietnam ferret-badger">Vietnam ferret-badger (<i>M. cucphuongensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger" title="Bornean ferret badger">Bornean ferret badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger" title="Chinese ferret-badger">Chinese ferret-badger (<i>M. moschata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" title="Javan ferret-badger">Javan ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger" title="Burmese ferret-badger">Burmese ferret-badger (<i>M. personata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger" title="Formosan ferret-badger">Formosan ferret-badger (<i>M. subaurantiaca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Guloninae" title="Guloninae">Guloninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (<i>Eira barbara</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pekania" title="Pekania">Pekania</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (<i>P. pennanti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo">Gulo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (<i>G. gulo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(martens)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_marten" title="Pacific marten">Pacific marten (<i>M. caurina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten" title="Yellow-throated marten">Yellow-throated marten (<i>M. flavigula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten (<i>M. foina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten (<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten (<i>M. martes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_marten" title="Japanese marten">Japanese marten (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (<i>M. zibellina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ictonychinae" title="Ictonychinae">Ictonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)">Lyncodontini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel (<i>Lyncodon patagonicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(grisons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_grison" title="Lesser grison">Lesser grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_grison" title="Greater grison">Greater grison (<i>G. vittata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)">Ictonychini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(African polecats)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vormela" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Vormela</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Marbled polecat (<i>V. peregusna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">African striped weasel (<i>Poecilogale albinucha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" title="Saharan striped polecat">Saharan striped polecat (<i>I. libycus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_polecat" title="Striped polecat">Striped polecat (<i>I. striatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(otters)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Giant otter (<i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_otter" title="Marine otter">Marine otter (<i>L. felina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter" title="Neotropical otter">Neotropical otter (<i>L. longicaudis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter" title="Southern river otter">Southern river otter (<i>L. provocax</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydra" title="Enhydra">Enhydra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (<i>E. lutris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Spotted-necked otter (<i>Hydrictis maculicollis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter (<i>L. lutra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter" title="Hairy-nosed otter">Hairy-nosed otter (<i>L. sumatrana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter (<i>L. perspicillata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter" title="African clawless otter">African clawless otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter" title="Asian small-clawed otter">Asian small-clawed otter (<i>A. cinereus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter" title="Congo clawless otter">Congo clawless otter (<i>A. congicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel" title="Amazon weasel">Amazon weasel (<i>N. africana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel (<i>N. felipei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel (<i>N. frenata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink (<i>N. vison</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(weasels)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis" title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis">Sichuan weasel (<i>M. aistoodonnivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel (<i>M. altaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat/Beringian ermine (<i>M. erminea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat (<i>M. eversmannii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferret (<i>M. furo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_ermine" title="Haida ermine">Haida ermine (<i>M. haidarum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel (<i>M. kathiah</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink (<i>M. lutreola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret (<i>M. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel (<i>M. nivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">European polecat (<i>M. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine (<i>M. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel (<i>M. sibirica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel (<i>M. strigidorsa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Hyaenidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42046" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q42046">Q42046</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hyaenidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Hyaenidae">Hyaenidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hyaenidae/">Hyaenidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id2119">2119</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=359596">359596</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/B7B">B7B</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/7672">7672</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5306">5306</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41884">41884</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=104702">104702</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/107195">107195</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=621756">621756</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14000682">14000682</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9676">9676</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=397138">397138</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41020">41020</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/5C9C448E-18C0-4576-AD60-95BC12F13282">5C9C448E-18C0-4576-AD60-95BC12F13282</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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