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<span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny_and_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny_and_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phylogeny and evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny_and_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ecology and behaviour</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology_and_behaviour-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology and behaviour subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Social behaviour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burrowing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burrowing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Burrowing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burrowing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocalisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocalisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Vocalisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocalisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Reproduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Threats and conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meerkat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 84 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graatjiemeerkat" title="Graatjiemeerkat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Graatjiemeerkat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="سرقاط – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرقاط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata_suricatta" title="Suricata suricatta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Suricata suricatta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سوریکات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوریکات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F" title="মিরক্যাট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিরক্যাট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сурыкат – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сурыкат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сурыкат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сурыкат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сурикат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сурикат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkat" title="Merkat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Merkat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikat" title="Surikat – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Surikat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Suricata" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata_suricatta" title="Suricata suricatta – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Suricata suricatta" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikata" title="Surikata – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Surikata" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swricat" title="Swricat – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Swricat" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikat" title="Surikat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Surikat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Erdmännchen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erdmännchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C7%AB%CC%81t%CA%BC%C4%85%CC%81%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Dlǫ́tʼą́ʼí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dlǫ́tʼą́ʼí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikaat" title="Surikaat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Surikaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Σουρικάτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σουρικάτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata_suricatta" title="Suricata suricatta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suricata suricatta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikato" title="Surikato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Surikato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikata" title="Surikata – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Surikata" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="میرکت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میرکت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BDrik%C3%B8ttur" title="Mýrikøttur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mýrikøttur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricate" title="Suricate – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Suricate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADorchat" title="Míorchat – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Míorchat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Suricata" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%BA%A3" title="미어캣 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미어캣" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Սուրիկատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուրիկատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkat" title="Merkat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Merkat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirkat" title="Mirkat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mirkat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0k%C3%B6ttur" title="Jarðköttur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðköttur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata_suricatta" title="Suricata suricatta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suricata suricatta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%94" title="סוריקטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוריקטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirkat" title="Mirkat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mirkat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="სურიკატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სურიკატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сурикат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сурикат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awentol_(Suricata_suricatta)" title="Awentol (Suricata suricatta) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Awentol (Suricata suricatta)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BA" title="Жербөбөк – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жербөбөк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сурикат – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Сурикат" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata_suricatta" title="Suricata suricatta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Suricata suricatta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikats" title="Surikats – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Surikats" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata_suricatta" title="Suricata suricatta – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Suricata suricatta" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikata" title="Surikata – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Surikata" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szurik%C3%A1ta" title="Szurikáta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szurikáta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Меркат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меркат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorikata" title="Sorikata – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sorikata" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="മീർകാറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മീർകാറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="سرقاط – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سرقاط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%84" title="دپاسرگل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دپاسرگل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Meerkat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokstaartje" title="Stokstaartje – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stokstaartje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ミーアキャット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミーアキャット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerdmenken" title="Eerdmenken – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eerdmenken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikat" title="Surikat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Surikat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikat" title="Surikat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Surikat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8rcat" title="Mèrcat – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mèrcat" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikat" title="Surikat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Surikat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surykatka_szara" title="Surykatka szara – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Surykatka szara" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata_suricatta" title="Suricata suricatta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Suricata suricatta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricat%C4%83" title="Suricată – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Suricată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сурикат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сурикат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkati" title="Merkati – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Merkati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meerkat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikata_vlnkav%C3%A1" title="Surikata vlnkavá – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Surikata vlnkavá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="میرکات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میرکات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Меркат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Меркат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkat" title="Merkat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Merkat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelisormimangusti" title="Nelisormimangusti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nelisormimangusti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surikat" title="Surikat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Surikat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Meerkat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="பாலைவனக் கீரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாலைவனக் கீரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbes" title="Asbes – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asbes" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="మీర్కాట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మీర్కాట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95" title="เมียร์แคต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมียร์แคต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirket" title="Mirket – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mirket" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сурикат – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сурикат" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сурикат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сурикат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Meerkat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suricata_suricatta" title="Suricata suricatta – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Suricata suricatta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8D%B4" title="狐獴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="狐獴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8D%B4" title="狐獴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="狐獴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1rr%C4%B1ka_d%C4%B1rhemi" title="Kırrıka dırhemi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kırrıka dırhemi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8D%B4" title="狐獴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="狐獴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134015#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="View the content page [c]" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of mongoose from Southern Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mammal. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Meerkat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Meerkat (disambiguation)">Meerkat (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Meerkats" redirects here. For the 2008 British film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Meerkats" title="The Meerkats">The Meerkats</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Meerkat<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Early <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>–Recent</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.12338461538px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Meerkat_(Suricata_suricatta)_Tswalu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Meerkat_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_Tswalu.jpg/220px-Meerkat_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_Tswalu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Meerkat_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_Tswalu.jpg/330px-Meerkat_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_Tswalu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Meerkat_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_Tswalu.jpg/440px-Meerkat_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_Tswalu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3156" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">A mob of meerkats in <a href="/wiki/Tswalu_Kalahari_Reserve" title="Tswalu Kalahari Reserve">Tswalu Kalahari Reserve</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Suricata" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata"><i>Suricata</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>S. suricatta</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Suricata suricatta</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber" title="Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber">Schreber</a>, 1776)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>S. s. suricatta</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Schreber, 1776)</span>. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>S. s. majoriae</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bradfield, 1936</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>S. s. iona</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Crawford-Cabral, 1971</span> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Meerkat_area.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Meerkat_area.png/220px-Meerkat_area.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Meerkat_area.png 1.5x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color:#8F4731; color:white; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Range of the meerkat<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msw3genus_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msw3genus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Rhyzaena</i> <small>Wagner, 1841</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Viverra suricatta</i> <small>Schreber, 1776</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>V. tetradactyla</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Pallas</a>, 1777</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Mus zenik</i> <small>Scopoli, 1786</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i> Suricata capensis</i> <small>Desmarest, 1804</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>S. viverrina</i> <small>Desmarest, 1819</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>S. namaquensis</i> <small>(Thomas and Schwann, 1905)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>S. hamiltoni</i> <small>(Thomas and Schwann, 1905)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>S. lophurus</i> <small>(Thomas and Schwann, 1905)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>S. hahni</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Oldfield_Thomas" title="Oldfield Thomas">Thomas</a>, 1927)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>S. majoriae</i> <small>Bradfield, 1936</small> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>meerkat</b> (<i><b>Suricata suricatta</b></i>) or <b>suricate</b> is a small <a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">mongoose</a> found in southern Africa. It is characterised by a broad head, large eyes, a pointed <a href="/wiki/Snout" title="Snout">snout</a>, long legs, a thin tapering tail, and a <a href="/wiki/Brindle" title="Brindle">brindled</a> coat pattern. The head-and-body length is around 24–35 cm (9.4–13.8 in), and the weight is typically between 0.62 and 0.97 kg (1.4 and 2.1 lb). The coat is light grey to yellowish-brown with alternate, poorly-defined light and dark bands on the back. Meerkats have foreclaws adapted for digging and have the ability to <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermoregulate">thermoregulate</a> to survive in their harsh, dry habitat. Three <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> are recognised. </p><p>Meerkats are highly <a href="/wiki/Sociality" title="Sociality">social</a>, and form packs of two to 30 individuals each that occupy <a href="/wiki/Home_range" title="Home range">home ranges</a> around 5 km<sup>2</sup> (1.9 sq mi) in area. There is a social <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy" title="Dominance hierarchy">hierarchy</a>—generally <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(ethology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominance (ethology)">dominant</a> individuals in a pack breed and produce offspring, and the nonbreeding, subordinate members provide <a href="/wiki/Altruism_(biology)" title="Altruism (biology)">altruistic</a> care to the pups. Breeding occurs around the year, with peaks during heavy rainfall; after a <a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a> of 60 to 70 days, a litter of three to seven pups is born. </p><p>They live in rock crevices in stony, often <a href="/wiki/Calcareous" title="Calcareous">calcareous</a> areas, and in large <a href="/wiki/Burrow" title="Burrow">burrow</a> systems in plains. The burrow systems, typically 5 m (16 ft) in diameter with around 15 openings, are large underground networks consisting of two to three levels of tunnels. These tunnels are around 7.5 cm (3.0 in) high at the top and wider below, and extend up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) into the ground. Burrows have moderated internal temperatures and provide a comfortable <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimate</a> that protects meerkats in harsh weather and at extreme temperatures. </p><p>Meerkats are active during the day, mostly in the early morning and late afternoon; they remain continually alert and retreat to burrows when sensing danger. They use a broad variety of calls to communicate among one another for different purposes, for example to raise an alarm on sighting a <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predator</a>. Primarily <a href="/wiki/Insectivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Insectivorous">insectivorous</a>, meerkats feed heavily on <a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">beetles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lepidopteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepidopteran">lepidopterans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>, small birds, reptiles, and plant material in their diet. </p><p>Commonly living in arid, open habitats with little <a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">woody</a> vegetation, meerkats occur in southwestern Botswana, western and southern Namibia, and northern and western South Africa; the range barely extends into southwestern Angola. With no significant threats to the population, the meerkat is listed as <a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a>. Meerkats are widely depicted in television, movies and other media. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word 'meerkat' derives from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> name for a kind of monkey, which in turn comes from the <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i>mericazza</i>, possibly as a combination of <i>meer</i> ('lake') and <i>kat</i> ('cat'). This may be related to the similar <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: <span lang="hi">मर्कट</span> (<i>markat</i>, or <i>monkey</i>), deriving from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit Language">Sanskrit</a>, though the Germanic origin of the word predates any known connections to India. The name was used for small mammals in South Africa from 1801 onward, possibly because the Dutch colonialists used the name in reference to many <a href="/wiki/Burrow" title="Burrow">burrowing</a> animals.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">native South African</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="native in what language(s)? (May 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> name for the meerkat is 'suricate', possibly deriving from the French 'surikate', which in turn may have a Dutch origin. In <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a> the meerkat is called <i>graatjiemeerkat</i> or <i>stokstertmeerkat</i>; the term <i>mierkatte</i> or <i>meerkatte</i> can refer to both the meerkat and the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">yellow mongoose</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>: <i lang="af">rooimeerkat</i>). In colloquial Afrikaans <i>mier</i> means 'ant' and <i>kat</i> means 'cat', hence the name probably refers to the meerkat's association with termite mounds.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suricata_suricatta_(Meerkats),_Gordon_drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Suricata_suricatta_%28Meerkats%29%2C_Gordon_drawing.jpg/220px-Suricata_suricatta_%28Meerkats%29%2C_Gordon_drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Suricata_suricatta_%28Meerkats%29%2C_Gordon_drawing.jpg/330px-Suricata_suricatta_%28Meerkats%29%2C_Gordon_drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Suricata_suricatta_%28Meerkats%29%2C_Gordon_drawing.jpg/440px-Suricata_suricatta_%28Meerkats%29%2C_Gordon_drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2351" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of meerkats by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jacob_Gordon" title="Robert Jacob Gordon">Robert Jacob Gordon</a> (1777)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1776, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber" title="Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber">Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber</a> described a meerkat from the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>, giving it the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific name">scientific name</a> <i>Viverra suricatta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Genus_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genus (biology)">generic</a> name <i>Suricata</i> was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Anselme_Ga%C3%ABtan_Desmarest" title="Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest">Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest</a> in 1804, who also described a <a href="/wiki/Zoological_specimen" title="Zoological specimen">zoological specimen</a> from the Cape of Good Hope.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present scientific name <i>Suricata suricatta</i> was first used by <a href="/wiki/Oldfield_Thomas" title="Oldfield Thomas">Oldfield Thomas</a> and Harold Schwann in 1905 when they described a specimen collected at <a href="/wiki/Wakkerstroom" title="Wakkerstroom">Wakkerstroom</a>. They suggested there were four local meerkat races in the Cape and <a href="/wiki/Deelfontein" title="Deelfontein">Deelfontein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makhanda,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhanda, Eastern Cape">Grahamstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River Colony</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Klipfontein,_Mpumalanga" title="Klipfontein, Mpumalanga">Klipfontein</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several zoological specimens were described between the late 18th and 20th centuries, of which three are recognised as <a href="/wiki/Valid_name_(zoology)" title="Valid name (zoology)">valid</a> <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>S. s. suricatta</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Schreber, 1776)</span> occurs in southern Namibia, southern Botswana, and South Africa.</li> <li><i>S. s. majoriae</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bradfield, 1936</span> occurs in central and northwestern Namibia.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>S. s. iona</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Crawford-Cabral, 1971</span> occurs in southwestern Angola.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phylogeny_and_evolution">Phylogeny and evolution</h2></div> <p>Meerkat fossils dating back to <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=2.59–0.01">2.59 to 0.01</a> million years ago</span> have been excavated in various locations in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2009 <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> study of the <a href="/wiki/Family_(taxonomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family (taxonomy)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Herpestidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestidae">Herpestidae</a> suggests it split into two lineages around the <a href="/wiki/Early_Miocene" title="Early Miocene">Early Miocene</a> (25.4–18.2 mya)—<a href="/wiki/Eusociality" title="Eusociality">eusocial</a> and solitary mongooses. The meerkat belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> eusocial mongoose <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> along with several other African mongooses: <i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i> (kusimanse), <i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i> (dwarf mongoose), <i><a href="/wiki/Liberiictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberiictis">Liberiictis</a></i> (Liberian mongoose) and <i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i> (banded mongoose). The solitary mongoose lineage comprises two clades including species such as <a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Meller's mongoose</a> (<i>Rhynchogale melleri</i>) and the yellow mongoose (<i>Cynictis penicillata</i>). The meerkat <a href="/wiki/Genetic_divergence" title="Genetic divergence">genetically diverged</a> from the rest of the clade 22.6–15.6 mya. The phylogenetic relationships of the meerkat are depicted as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:75%;width=90em"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Herpestidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestidae">Herpestidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i> <a href="/wiki/Eusocial" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusocial">eusocial</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b>Meerkat</b> (<i><b>Suricata suricatta</b></i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlos_Guilherme_Rodrigues_(76515213).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carlos_Guilherme_Rodrigues_%2876515213%29.jpeg/60px-Carlos_Guilherme_Rodrigues_%2876515213%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="60" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carlos_Guilherme_Rodrigues_%2876515213%29.jpeg/90px-Carlos_Guilherme_Rodrigues_%2876515213%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carlos_Guilherme_Rodrigues_%2876515213%29.jpeg/120px-Carlos_Guilherme_Rodrigues_%2876515213%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose</a> (<i>Mungos mungo</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zebramanguste01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zebramanguste01.jpg/60px-Zebramanguste01.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zebramanguste01.jpg/90px-Zebramanguste01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zebramanguste01.jpg/120px-Zebramanguste01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose</a> (<i>Liberiictis kuhni</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose</a> (<i>Helogale parvula</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zwergmanguste_2007-05-13_052.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Zwergmanguste_2007-05-13_052.jpg/60px-Zwergmanguste_2007-05-13_052.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Zwergmanguste_2007-05-13_052.jpg/90px-Zwergmanguste_2007-05-13_052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Zwergmanguste_2007-05-13_052.jpg/120px-Zwergmanguste_2007-05-13_052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose</a> (<i>Helogale hirtula</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse</a> (<i>Crossarchus obscurus</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crossarchus_obscurus_Plzen_zoo_02.2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Crossarchus_obscurus_Plzen_zoo_02.2011.jpg/50px-Crossarchus_obscurus_Plzen_zoo_02.2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Crossarchus_obscurus_Plzen_zoo_02.2011.jpg/75px-Crossarchus_obscurus_Plzen_zoo_02.2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Crossarchus_obscurus_Plzen_zoo_02.2011.jpg/100px-Crossarchus_obscurus_Plzen_zoo_02.2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander's kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse</a> (<i>Crossarchus alexandri</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i>solitary</i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ichneumia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichneumia">Ichneumia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cynictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynictis">Cynictis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Paracynictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracynictis">Paracynictis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchogale">Rhynchogale</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Galerella" class="mw-redirect" title="Galerella">Galerella</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose</a> (<i>Herpestes ichneumon</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Asian <i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">long-nosed mongoose</a> (<i>H. naso</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">marsh mongoose</a> (<i>Atilax paludinosus</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WPKiW_-_ZOO_-_Surykatka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/WPKiW_-_ZOO_-_Surykatka.jpg/200px-WPKiW_-_ZOO_-_Surykatka.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/WPKiW_-_ZOO_-_Surykatka.jpg/300px-WPKiW_-_ZOO_-_Surykatka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/WPKiW_-_ZOO_-_Surykatka.jpg/400px-WPKiW_-_ZOO_-_Surykatka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2210" data-file-height="1658" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Close view of a meerkat. Note the banded pattern, the big eye circles and the thin tail.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:50_Jahre_Knie%27s_Kinderzoo_-_Suricata_suricatta_(Erdm%C3%A4nnchen)_2012-10-03_16-27-22.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/50_Jahre_Knie%27s_Kinderzoo_-_Suricata_suricatta_%28Erdm%C3%A4nnchen%29_2012-10-03_16-27-22.JPG/200px-50_Jahre_Knie%27s_Kinderzoo_-_Suricata_suricatta_%28Erdm%C3%A4nnchen%29_2012-10-03_16-27-22.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/50_Jahre_Knie%27s_Kinderzoo_-_Suricata_suricatta_%28Erdm%C3%A4nnchen%29_2012-10-03_16-27-22.JPG/300px-50_Jahre_Knie%27s_Kinderzoo_-_Suricata_suricatta_%28Erdm%C3%A4nnchen%29_2012-10-03_16-27-22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/50_Jahre_Knie%27s_Kinderzoo_-_Suricata_suricatta_%28Erdm%C3%A4nnchen%29_2012-10-03_16-27-22.JPG/400px-50_Jahre_Knie%27s_Kinderzoo_-_Suricata_suricatta_%28Erdm%C3%A4nnchen%29_2012-10-03_16-27-22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The sharp, curved foreclaws are adapted for digging.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suricata_suricatta_05_MWNH_1514.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Suricata_suricatta_05_MWNH_1514.jpg/200px-Suricata_suricatta_05_MWNH_1514.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Suricata_suricatta_05_MWNH_1514.jpg/300px-Suricata_suricatta_05_MWNH_1514.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Suricata_suricatta_05_MWNH_1514.jpg/400px-Suricata_suricatta_05_MWNH_1514.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="1612" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Skull of a meerkat</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The meerkat is a small <a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">mongoose</a> of slim build characterised by a broad head, large eyes, a pointed <a href="/wiki/Snout" title="Snout">snout</a>, long legs, a thin tapering tail and a <a href="/wiki/Brindle" title="Brindle">brindled</a> coat pattern. It is smaller than most other mongooses except the <a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">dwarf mongooses</a> (genus <i>Helogale</i>) and possibly <i><a href="/wiki/Galerella" class="mw-redirect" title="Galerella">Galerella</a></i> species.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The head-and-body length is around 24–35 cm (9.4–13.8 in), and the weight has been recorded to be between 0.62–0.97 kg (1.4–2.1 lb) without much variation between the sexes (though some <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(ethology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominance (ethology)">dominant</a> females can be heavier than the rest).<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The soft coat is light grey to yellowish brown with alternate, poorly-defined light and dark bands on the back. Individuals from the southern part of the range tend to be darker. The <a href="/wiki/Guard_hair" title="Guard hair">guard hairs</a>, light at the base, have two dark rings and are tipped with black or silvery white; several such hairs aligned together give rise to the coat pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hunter_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunter-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These hairs are typically between 1.5 and 2 cm (0.59 and 0.79 in), but measure 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) on the flanks. Its head is mostly white and the underparts are covered sparsely with dark reddish-brown fur, with the dark skin underneath showing through.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nowak_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eyes, in sockets covering over 20% of the skull length, are capable of <a href="/wiki/Binocular_vision" title="Binocular vision">binocular vision</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller2007_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slim, yellowish tail, unlike the bushy tails of many other mongooses, measures 17 to 25 cm (6.7 to 9.8 in), and is tipped with black. Females have six nipples.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meerkat looks similar to two <a href="/wiki/Sympatry" title="Sympatry">sympatric</a> species—the banded and the yellow mongooses. The meerkat can be told apart from the banded mongoose by its smaller size, shorter tail and bigger eyes relative to the head; the yellow mongoose differs in having a bushy tail and lighter coat with an inner layer of yellow fur under the normal brown fur.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The meerkat has 36 teeth with the <a href="/wiki/Dental_formula" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental formula">dental formula</a> of <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;" title="upper dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">3.1.3.2</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;" title="lower dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">3.1.3.2</span></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is well adapted for digging, movement through tunnels and standing erect, though it is not as capable of running and climbing. The big, sharp and curved foreclaws (slightly longer than the hindclaws) are highly specialised among the <a href="/wiki/Feliform" class="mw-redirect" title="Feliform">feliforms</a>, and enable the meerkat to dig efficiently.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mares_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mares-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The black, crescent-like ears can be closed to prevent the entry of dirt and debris while digging. The tail is used to balance when standing upright.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">Digitigrade</a>, the meerkat has four <a href="/wiki/Digit_(anatomy)" title="Digit (anatomy)">digits</a> on each foot with thick pads underneath.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The meerkat has a specialised <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">thermoregulation</a> system that helps it survive in its harsh desert habitat. A study showed that its body temperature follows a <a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">diurnal rhythm</a>, averaging 38.3 °C (100.9 °F) during the day and 36.3 °C (97.3 °F) at night.<sup id="cite_ref-thermo_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thermo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the body temperature falls below the <a href="/wiki/Thermoneutral_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermoneutral zone">thermoneutral zone</a>, determined to be 30–32.5 °C (86.0–90.5 °F), the <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">heart rate</a> and oxygen consumption plummet; perspiration increases sharply at temperatures above this range. Additionally, it has a <a href="/wiki/Basal_metabolic_rate" title="Basal metabolic rate">basal metabolic rate</a> remarkably lower than other carnivores, which helps in conserving water, surviving on lower amounts of food and decreasing heat output from <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolic process">metabolic processes</a>. During winter, it balances heat loss by increasing the metabolic heat generation and other methods such as sunbathing.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thermo_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thermo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_behaviour">Ecology and behaviour</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_Zoo_Neuwied_(2013-04-16_a).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_Zoo_Neuwied_%282013-04-16_a%29.JPG/170px-Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_Zoo_Neuwied_%282013-04-16_a%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_Zoo_Neuwied_%282013-04-16_a%29.JPG/255px-Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_Zoo_Neuwied_%282013-04-16_a%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_Zoo_Neuwied_%282013-04-16_a%29.JPG/340px-Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_Zoo_Neuwied_%282013-04-16_a%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>A pack of meerkats</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suricatos_(Suricata_suricatta),_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans,_Botsuana,_2018-07-30,_DD_28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_28.jpg/220px-Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_28.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_28.jpg/330px-Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_28.jpg/440px-Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6300" data-file-height="3974" /></a><figcaption>Huddling together for warmth</figcaption></figure> <p>The meerkat is a social mammal, forming packs of two to 30 individuals each comprising nearly equal numbers of either sex and multiple family units of pairs and their offspring. Members of a pack take turns at jobs such as looking after pups and keeping a lookout for predators.<sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meerkats are a <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_breeding" title="Cooperative breeding">cooperatively breeding</a> species—typically the dominant 'breeders' in a pack produce offspring, and the nonbreeding, subordinate 'helpers' provide <a href="/wiki/Altruism_(biology)" title="Altruism (biology)">altruistic</a> care for the pups. This division of labour is not as strictly defined as it is in specialised <a href="/wiki/Eusociality" title="Eusociality">eusocial</a> species, such as the breeder-<a href="/wiki/Worker_ant" class="mw-redirect" title="Worker ant">worker</a> distinction in <a href="/wiki/Ant" title="Ant">ants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-coop_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coop-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, meerkats have a clear <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy" title="Dominance hierarchy">dominance hierarchy</a> with older individuals having a higher social status.<sup id="cite_ref-nowak_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study showed that dominant individuals can contribute more to offspring care when fewer helpers were available; subordinate members increased their contributions if they could forage better.<sup id="cite_ref-coop_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coop-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Packs live in rock crevices in stony areas and in large burrow systems in plains. A pack generally occupies a <a href="/wiki/Home_range" title="Home range">home range</a>, 5 km<sup>2</sup> (1.9 sq mi) large on average but sometimes as big as 15 km<sup>2</sup> (5.8 sq mi), containing many burrows 50 to 100 m (160 to 330 ft) apart, of which some remain unused.<sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2019 study showed that large burrows towards the centre of a range are preferred over smaller ones located near the periphery; this was especially the case with packs that had pups to raise. A pack may shift to another burrow if the dominant female has little success finding prey in an area.<sup id="cite_ref-burrow_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burrow-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area near the periphery of home ranges is <a href="/wiki/Scent_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Scent mark">scent marked</a> using <a href="/wiki/Anal_gland" title="Anal gland">anal gland</a> secretions<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostly by the dominant individuals; there are communal latrines, 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.39 sq mi) large, close to the burrows.<sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Packs can migrate collectively in search of food, to escape high <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predator</a> pressure and during floods.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meerkats_fighting_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Meerkats fighting, in South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Meerkats_fighting_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg/220px-Meerkats_fighting_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Meerkats_fighting_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg/330px-Meerkats_fighting_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Meerkats_fighting_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg/440px-Meerkats_fighting_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3978" data-file-height="2237" /></a><figcaption>Meerkats fighting, in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meercat_2018_Auckland_Zoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Meercat_2018_Auckland_Zoo.jpg/220px-Meercat_2018_Auckland_Zoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Meercat_2018_Auckland_Zoo.jpg/330px-Meercat_2018_Auckland_Zoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Meercat_2018_Auckland_Zoo.jpg/440px-Meercat_2018_Auckland_Zoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2431" data-file-height="2694" /></a><figcaption>Auckland Zoo, 2018, close up of a Meerkat in lookout position</figcaption></figure> <p>Meerkats are highly vigilant, and frequently survey their surroundings by turning their heads side to side; some individuals always stand sentry and look out for danger. Vocal communication is used frequently in different contexts; for instance repetitive, high-pitched barks are used to warn others of predators nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rafferty_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafferty-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They will generally retreat to their burrows for safety, where they will remain until the danger is gone. They stick their heads out of burrows to check the area outside, still barking. Mobs of meerkats fiercely attack snakes that may come near them.<sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raptors such as <a href="/wiki/Bateleur" title="Bateleur">bateleurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martial_eagle" title="Martial eagle">martial eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tawny_eagle" title="Tawny eagle">tawny eagles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pale_chanting_goshawk" title="Pale chanting goshawk">pale chanting goshawks</a> are major aerial predators; on the ground, meerkats may be threatened by <a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">bat-eared foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">black-backed jackals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape foxes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_behaviour">Social behaviour</h3></div> <p>Encounters between members of different packs are highly aggressive, leading to severe injuries and often deaths; 19% of meerkats die by conspecific violence, which is the highest recorded percentage among mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Females, often the heaviest ones, try to achieve dominance over the rest in many ways such as fierce competition or taking over from the leader of the pack.<sup id="cite_ref-nowak_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study showed that females who grew faster were more likely to assert dominance, though males did not show such a trend.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males seeking dominance over groups tend to scent mark extensively and are not submissive; they often drive out older males in a group and take over the pack themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subordinate individuals face difficulties in breeding successfully; for instance, dominant females often kill the litters of subordinate ones. As such, subordinate individuals might <a href="/wiki/Dispersal_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispersal (ecology)">disperse</a> to other packs to find mates during the breeding season.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some subordinate meerkats will even kill the pups of dominant members in order to improve their own offspring's position.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can take days for emigrants to secure entry into other packs, and they often face aversion from the members. Males typically succeed in joining existing groups; they often inspect other packs and their burrow systems in search of breeding opportunities. Many often team up in 'coalitions' for as long as two months and travel nearly 5 km (3.1 mi) a day on twisted paths.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dispersal appears to be less common in females, possibly because continuing to stay within a pack can eventually win them dominance over other members.<sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dispersed females travel longer than coalitions, and tend to start groups of their own or join other similar females; they aim for groups of emigrant males or those without a breeding female. Subordinate females, unlike subordinate males, might be ousted from their packs, especially in the latter part of the dominant female's pregnancy, though they may be allowed to return after the birth of the pups.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burrowing">Burrowing</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_(107684825).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_%28107684825%29.jpeg/170px-Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_%28107684825%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_%28107684825%29.jpeg/255px-Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_%28107684825%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_%28107684825%29.jpeg/340px-Erdm%C3%A4nnchen_%28107684825%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A meerkat sitting close to openings of a warren</figcaption></figure> <p>Meerkat burrows are typically 5 m (16 ft) in diameter with around 15 openings, though one of dimensions 25 by 32 m (82 by 105 ft) with as many as 90 holes has been reported. These large underground networks comprise two to three levels of tunnels up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) into the ground; the tunnels, around 7.5 cm (3.0 in) high at the top, become broader after descending around a metre. The entrances, 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter, are created by digging at an angle of 40 degrees to the surface; the soil accumulated as a result can slightly increase the height of burrow sites. 'Boltholes' are used for a quick escape if dangers are detected.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nowak_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While constructing or renovating burrows meerkats will line up to form a continuous head-to-tail chain, break the soil into crumbs with their foreclaws, scoop it out with their forepaws joined and throw it behind them between their hindlegs.<sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside temperatures are not reflected at once within burrows; instead there is usually an eight-hour lag which creates a <a href="/wiki/Temperature_gradient" title="Temperature gradient">temperature gradient</a> in warrens, so that burrows are coolest in daytime and warmest at night.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperatures inside burrows typically vary between 21 and 39 °C (70 and 102 °F) in summer and −4 and 26 °C (25 and 79 °F) in winter; temperatures at greater depths vary to a much lesser extent, with summer temperatures around 22.6 to 23.2 °C (72.7 to 73.8 °F) and winter temperatures around 10 to 10.8 °C (50.0 to 51.4 °F). This reduces the need for meerkats to thermoregulate individually by providing a comfortable <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimate</a> within burrows; moreover, burrowing protects meerkats in harsh weather and at extreme temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, meerkats spend considerable time in burrows; they are active mainly during the day and return to burrows after dark and often to escape the heat of the afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Activity peaks during the early morning and late afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meerkats huddle together to sleep in compact groups, sunbathe and recline on warm rocks or damp soil to adjust their body temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meerkats tend to occupy the burrows of other small mammals more than constructing them on their own; they generally share burrows with <a href="/wiki/Cape_ground_squirrel" title="Cape ground squirrel">Cape ground squirrels</a> and yellow mongooses. Cape ground squirrels and meerkats usually do not fight for space or food. Though yellow mongooses are also insectivores like meerkats, competition for prey is minimal as yellow mongooses are less selective in their diet. This association is beneficial to all the species as it saves time and efforts spent in making separate warrens. Many other species have also been recorded in the meerkat burrows, including <a href="/wiki/African_pygmy_mouse" title="African pygmy mouse">African pygmy mice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_grey_mongoose" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape grey mongoose">Cape grey mongooses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Four-striped_grass_mouse" title="Four-striped grass mouse">four-striped grass mice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highveld_gerbil" title="Highveld gerbil">Highveld gerbils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_hyrax" title="Rock hyrax">rock hyraxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slender_mongoose" class="mw-redirect" title="Slender mongoose">slender mongooses</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_springhare" title="South African springhare">South African springhares</a> and <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_rat" title="White-tailed rat">white-tailed rats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rafferty_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafferty-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocalisations">Vocalisations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vocalization_types_of_mongooses_(meerkat_and_banded_mongoose).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vocalization_types_of_mongooses_%28meerkat_and_banded_mongoose%29.jpg/220px-Vocalization_types_of_mongooses_%28meerkat_and_banded_mongoose%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vocalization_types_of_mongooses_%28meerkat_and_banded_mongoose%29.jpg/330px-Vocalization_types_of_mongooses_%28meerkat_and_banded_mongoose%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vocalization_types_of_mongooses_%28meerkat_and_banded_mongoose%29.jpg/440px-Vocalization_types_of_mongooses_%28meerkat_and_banded_mongoose%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="867" /></a><figcaption>Calls of meerkats (above) and <a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">banded mongooses</a> (below)<sup id="cite_ref-Fitch_2012_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitch_2012-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Signalling_theory" title="Signalling theory">Signalling theory</a></div> <p>Meerkats have a broad vocal repertoire that they use to communicate among one another in several contexts; many of these calls may be combined by repetition of the same call or mixing different sounds. A study recorded 12 different types of call combinations used in different situations such as guarding against predators, caring for young, digging, sunbathing, huddling together and aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Short-range 'close calls' are produced while foraging and after scanning the vicinity for predators.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Recruitment calls' can be produced to collect meerkats on sighting a snake or to investigate excrement or hair samples of predators or unfamiliar meerkats. '<a href="/wiki/Alarm_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Alarm call">Alarm calls</a>' are given out on detecting predators. All these calls differ in their <a href="/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics">acoustic</a> characteristics, and can evoke different responses in the 'receivers' (meerkats who hear the call); generally the greater the urgency of the scenario in which the call is given, the stronger is the response in the receivers.<sup id="cite_ref-call_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-call-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This indicates that meerkats are able to perceive the nature of the risk and the degree of urgency from the acoustics of a call, transmit it and respond accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-call_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-call-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, upon hearing a terrestrial predator alarm call, meerkats are most likely to scan the area and move towards the source of the call, while an aerial predator alarm call would most likely cause them to crouch down.<sup id="cite_ref-call_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-call-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recruitment call would cause receivers to raise their tails (and often their hair) and move slowly towards the source.<sup id="cite_ref-call_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-call-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The complexity of calls produced by different mongooses varies by their social structure and ecology. For instance eusocial mongooses such as meerkats and banded mongooses use calls in a greater variety of contexts than do the solitary slender mongooses. Moreover, meerkats have more call types than do banded mongooses.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meerkat calls carry information to identify the signaling individual or pack, but meerkats do not appear to differentiate between calls from different sources.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The calls of banded mongooses also carry a 'vocal signature' to identify the caller.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitch_2012_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitch_2012-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet">Diet</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meerkat_in_Namibia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Meerkat_in_Namibia.jpg/220px-Meerkat_in_Namibia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Meerkat_in_Namibia.jpg/330px-Meerkat_in_Namibia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Meerkat_in_Namibia.jpg/440px-Meerkat_in_Namibia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3902" data-file-height="2603" /></a><figcaption>Eating a frog</figcaption></figure> <p>The meerkat is primarily an insectivore, feeding heavily on <a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">beetles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lepidopteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepidopteran">lepidopterans</a>; it can additionally feed on eggs, <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropods</a> (such as scorpions, to whose venom they are immune), reptiles, small birds (such as the <a href="/wiki/Southern_anteater-chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern anteater-chat">southern anteater-chat</a>), plants and seeds. Captive meerkats include plenty of fruits and vegetables in their diet, and also kill small mammals by biting the backs of their skulls.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have also been observed feeding on the <a href="/wiki/Desert_truffle" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert truffle">desert truffle</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kalaharituber_pfeilii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalaharituber pfeilii">Kalaharituber pfeilii</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meerkats often eat <a href="/wiki/Citron_melon" title="Citron melon">citron melons</a> and dig out roots and tubers for their water content.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mongooses spend nearly five to eight hours foraging every day. Like other social mongooses, meerkats in a pack will disperse within 5 m (16 ft) of one another and browse systematically in areas within their home range without losing visual or vocal contact. Some individuals stand sentry while the rest are busy foraging. Meerkats return to an area only after a week of the last visit so that the food supply is replenished sufficiently. They hunt by scent, and often dig out soil or turn over stones to uncover hidden prey. Meerkats typically do not give chase to their prey, though they may pursue <a href="/wiki/Gecko" title="Gecko">geckos</a> and lizards over several metres.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Food intake is typically low during winter.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pregnant_meerkat_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pregnant meerkat in South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pregnant_meerkat_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg/220px-Pregnant_meerkat_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pregnant_meerkat_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg/330px-Pregnant_meerkat_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pregnant_meerkat_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg/440px-Pregnant_meerkat_at_Working_with_Wildlife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3841" data-file-height="2161" /></a><figcaption>Pregnant meerkat in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baby_Meerkats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Baby_Meerkats.jpg/220px-Baby_Meerkats.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Baby_Meerkats.jpg/330px-Baby_Meerkats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Baby_Meerkats.jpg/440px-Baby_Meerkats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3695" data-file-height="2771" /></a><figcaption>Meerkat pups</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meerkats_(Suricata_suricatta)_mating_in_Perth_Zoo,_September_2021_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Meerkats_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_mating_in_Perth_Zoo%2C_September_2021_06.jpg/220px-Meerkats_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_mating_in_Perth_Zoo%2C_September_2021_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Meerkats_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_mating_in_Perth_Zoo%2C_September_2021_06.jpg/330px-Meerkats_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_mating_in_Perth_Zoo%2C_September_2021_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Meerkats_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_mating_in_Perth_Zoo%2C_September_2021_06.jpg/440px-Meerkats_%28Suricata_suricatta%29_mating_in_Perth_Zoo%2C_September_2021_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Meerkats mating in <a href="/wiki/Perth_Zoo" title="Perth Zoo">Perth Zoo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Meerkats breed throughout the year with seasonal peaks, typically during months of heavy rainfall; for instance, maximum births occur from January to March in the southern Kalahari. Generally only dominant individuals breed, though subordinate members can also mate in highly productive years. Females become <a href="/wiki/Sexually_mature" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually mature">sexually mature</a> at two to three years of age. Dominant females can have up to four litters annually (lesser for subordinate females), and the number depends on the amount of precipitation. Mating behaviour has been studied in captive individuals. <a href="/wiki/Courtship_display" title="Courtship display">Courtship behaviour</a> is limited; the male fights with his partner, getting hold of her by her snout. He will grip the nape of her neck if she resists mounting, and hold her down by grasping her flanks during copulation.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a <a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a> of 60 to 70 days, a litter of three to seven pups is born. Pups weigh around 100 g (3.5 oz) in the first few days of birth; the average growth rate for the first three months is 4.5 g (0.16 oz) per day, typically the fastest in the first month.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2019 study showed that growth and survival rates of pups might decrease with increase in temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_de_Ven-2019_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_de_Ven-2019-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Infants make continuous sounds that resemble bird-like tweets, that change to a shrill <a href="/wiki/Contact_call" title="Contact call">contact call</a> as they grow older. Young pups are kept securely in a den, from where they emerge after around 16 days, and start foraging with adults by 26 days. The nonbreeding members of the pack help substantially with juvenile care, for instance they feed the pups and huddle with them for warmth.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study showed that nearly half of the litters of dominant females, especially those born later in the breeding season were nursed by subordinate females, mostly those that were or recently had been pregnant.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sex biases have been observed in feeding; for instance, female helpers feed female pups more than male pups unlike male helpers who feed both equally. This is possibly because the survival of female pups is more beneficial to female helpers as females are more likely to remain in their natal pack.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some helpers contribute to all activities more than others, though none of them might be specialised in any of them.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes helpers favour their own needs over those of pups and decide not to feed them; this behaviour, known as "false-feeding", is more common when the prey is more valued by the meerkat.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The father remains on guard and protects his offspring, while the mother spends a lot of time foraging to produce enough milk for her young. Mothers give out shrill, repetitive calls to ensure their pups follow them and remain close together.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unable to forage themselves, young pups vocalise often seeking food from their carers.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many species, meerkat pups learn by observing and mimicking adult behaviour, though adults also engage in active instruction. For example, meerkat adults teach their pups how to eat a venomous scorpion by removing the <a href="/wiki/Stinger" title="Stinger">stinger</a> and showing the pups how to handle the creature.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mother runs around with prey in her mouth, prompting her pups to catch it.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pups become independent enough to forage at around 12 weeks of age.<sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meerkats are estimated to survive for five to 15 years in the wild; the maximum lifespan recorded in captivity is 20.6 years.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Females appear to be able to discriminate the odour of their kin from that of others.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23234867_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23234867-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kin recognition is a useful ability that facilitates cooperation among relatives and the avoidance of inbreeding. When mating occurs between meerkat relatives it often results in negative fitness consequences (<a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_depression" title="Inbreeding depression">inbreeding depression</a>), that affect a variety of traits such as pup mass at emergence from the natal burrow, hindleg length, growth until independence and juvenile survival.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22497583_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22497583-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These negative effects are likely due to the increased <a href="/wiki/Homozygosity" class="mw-redirect" title="Homozygosity">homozygosity</a> or higher genetic similarity among individuals that arise from inbreeding and the consequent expression of <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder#Autosomal_recessive" title="Genetic disorder">deleterious recessive mutations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3898363_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3898363-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suricatos_(Suricata_suricatta),_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans,_Botsuana,_2018-07-30,_DD_36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_36.jpg/220px-Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_36.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_36.jpg/330px-Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_36.jpg/440px-Suricatos_%28Suricata_suricatta%29%2C_parque_nacional_Makgadikgadi_Pans%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-30%2C_DD_36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7732" data-file-height="5155" /></a><figcaption>Meerkats prefer areas with short grasses.</figcaption></figure> <p>The meerkat occurs in southwestern Botswana, western and southern Namibia, northern and western South Africa; the range barely extends into southwestern Angola.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lives in areas with stony, often <a href="/wiki/Calcareous" title="Calcareous">calcareous</a> ground in a variety of arid, open habitats with little <a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">woody</a> vegetation. It is common in <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savannahs</a>, open plains and rocky areas beside dry rivers in <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biomes</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Fynbos" title="Fynbos">Fynbos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Karoo" title="Karoo">Karoo</a>, where the mean yearly rainfall is below 600 mm (24 in). The average precipitation reduces to 100 to 400 mm (3.9 to 15.7 in) towards the northwestern areas of the range. It prefers areas with short grasses and shrubs common in <a href="/wiki/Veld" title="Veld">velds</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Acacia_erioloba" class="mw-redirect" title="Acacia erioloba">camelthorn</a> in Namibia and <i><a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">Acacia</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Kalahari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalahari">Kalahari</a>. It is absent from true deserts, montane regions and forests.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinner_22-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinner-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Population densities vary greatly between places, and are significantly influenced by predators and rainfall.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, a study in the <a href="/wiki/Kgalagadi_Transfrontier_Park" title="Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park">Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park</a>, where predation pressure is high, recorded a lower mean meerkat density relative to a ranch with lower occurrence of predators; in response to a 10% decrease in rainfall over a year, the density fell from 0.95 to 0.32/km<sup>2</sup> (2.46 to 0.83/sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats_and_conservation">Threats and conservation</h2></div> <p>The meerkat is listed as <a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a>; the population trend appears to be stable.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no significant threats except low rainfall, which can lead to deaths of entire packs. Research has shown that temperature extremes have negative impacts on <a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Desert" title="Kalahari Desert">Kalahari Desert</a> meerkats.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_de_Ven-2019_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_de_Ven-2019-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paniw-2022_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paniw-2022-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Increased maximum air temperature is correlated with decreased survival and body mass in pups, perhaps as a result of dehydration from water loss during evaporative cooling or decreased water content in food, or from the heavier metabolic costs of <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">thermoregulation</a> on hot days.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_de_Ven-2019_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_de_Ven-2019-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higher temperatures are also associated with increased rates of endemic tuberculosis infection; this may be due to decreased immune function resulting from physiological stress, as well as increased male emigration rates observed during heat waves.<sup id="cite_ref-Paniw-2022_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paniw-2022-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meerkats occur in several protected areas such as the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and the <a href="/wiki/Makgadikgadi_Pan" title="Makgadikgadi Pan">Makgadikgadi Pan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_12-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Meerkat_Project" title="Kalahari Meerkat Project">Kalahari Meerkat Project</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Clutton-Brock" title="Tim Clutton-Brock">Tim Clutton-Brock</a>, is a long-term research project run by four different research groups that focuses on understanding cooperative behaviour in meerkats. It began in the Gemsbok National Park but was shifted to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuruman_River_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuruman River Reserve (page does not exist)">Kuruman River Reserve</a> in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Meerkats_in_popular_culture" title="Meerkats in popular culture">Meerkats in popular culture</a></div> <p>Meerkats are generally tame animals.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they are unsuitable as a pet as they can be aggressive and have a strong, <a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">ferret</a>-like odour.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Africa meerkats are used to kill <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a> in rural households and <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">lepidopterans</a> in farmlands. Meerkats can transmit <a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a> to humans, but yellow mongooses appear to be more common <a href="/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (epidemiology)">vectors</a>. It has been suggested that meerkats may even limit the spread of rabies by driving out yellow mongooses from their burrows; meerkats are generally not persecuted given their economic significance in crop protection, though they may be killed due to rabies control measures to eliminate yellow mongooses. Meerkats can also spread <a href="/wiki/Tick-borne_disease" title="Tick-borne disease">tick-borne diseases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_3-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meerkats have been widely portrayed in movies, television and other media. A popular example is <a href="/wiki/Timon_and_Pumbaa" title="Timon and Pumbaa">Timon</a> from the <a href="/wiki/The_Lion_King_(franchise)" title="The Lion King (franchise)"><i>Lion King</i> franchise</a>, who is an <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic</a> meerkat.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Meerkat_Manor" title="Meerkat Manor">Meerkat Manor</a></i> (2005–2008), a television programme produced by <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Scientific_Films" title="Oxford Scientific Films">Oxford Scientific Films</a> that was aired on <a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet" title="Animal Planet">Animal Planet</a>, focused on groups of meerkats in the Kalahari that were being studied in the Kalahari Meerkat Project.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meerkats populated an acidic <a href="/wiki/Floating_island" title="Floating island">floating island</a> in the 2012 film <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi_(film)" title="Life of Pi (film)">Life of Pi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/48px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/64px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/32px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/48px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/64px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1413" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals" title="Portal:Animals">Animals portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/48px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/64px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Biology portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meerkats" title="The Meerkats">The Meerkats</a></i>, a 2008 documentary feature film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compare_the_Meerkat" title="Compare the Meerkat">Compare the Meerkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusociality" title="Eusociality">Eusociality</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41015">"PBDB: <i>Suricata</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240130084850/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41015">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PBDB%3A+Suricata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaleobiodb.org%2Fclassic%2FbasicTaxonInfo%3Ftaxon_no%3D41015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iucn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan,_N.R.Do_Linh_San,_E.2015" class="citation journal cs1">Jordan, N.R. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41624/45209377">"<i>Suricata suricatta</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2015</b>: e.T41624A45209377. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41624A45209377.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41624A45209377.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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J. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315210848/http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-483-01-0001.pdf">"<i>Suricata suricatta</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Mammalian Species</i> (483): 1–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3504085">10.2307/3504085</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504085">3504085</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-483-01-0001.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mammalian+Species&rft.atitle=Suricata+suricatta&rft.issue=483&rft.pages=1-8&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3504085&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3504085%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Van+Staaden&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.smith.edu%2Fmsi%2Fpdf%2Fi0076-3519-483-01-0001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msw3genus-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-msw3genus_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozencraft2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._Chris_Wozencraft" title="W. Chris Wozencraft">Wozencraft, W. C.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000677">"Genus <i>Suricata</i>"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson" title="Don E. Wilson">Wilson, D. E.</a>; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA571"><i>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</i></a> (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 571. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genus+Suricata&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&rft.pages=571&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.aulast=Wozencraft&rft.aufirst=W.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fbiology%2Fresources%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14000677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=meerkat">"meerkat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=meerkat&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dmeerkat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Meerkat">"Meerkat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Meerkat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FMeerkat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Suricate">"Suricate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Suricate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FSuricate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoller2017" class="citation book cs1">Moller, L. A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JW1WDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124"><i>Of the Same Breath: Indigenous Animal and Place Names</i></a>. Bloemfontein: Sun Media. pp. 124–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-928424-03-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-928424-03-1"><bdi>978-1-928424-03-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805193447/https://books.google.com/books?id=JW1WDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Zoological+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=The+Rudd+exploration+of+South+Africa.%E2%80%94II.+List+of+mammals+from+the+Wakkerstroom+district%2C+south-eastern+Transvaal&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=129-138&rft.date=1905&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1905.tb08370.x&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=O.&rft.au=Schwann%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F31856655%23page%2F183%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kingdon-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingdon_12-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonald2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Macdonald, D. 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Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/walkerscarnivore00nowa/page/n229">219</a>–221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8033-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8033-9"><bdi>978-0-8018-8033-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walker%27s+Carnivores+of+the+World&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=219-221&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8033-9&rft.aulast=Nowak&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwalkerscarnivore00nowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller2007-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miller2007_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2007" class="citation book cs1">Miller, S. 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A.; Manser, M.; Ozgul, A.; Clutton-Brock, T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Higher+temperature+extremes+exacerbate+negative+disease+effects+in+a+social+mammal&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=284-290&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2263%2F91552&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A246636557%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022NatCC..12..284P&rft.issn=1758-678X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41558-022-01284-x&rft.aulast=Paniw&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Duncan%2C+C.&rft.au=Groenewoud%2C+F.&rft.au=Drewe%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Manser%2C+M.&rft.au=Ozgul%2C+A.&rft.au=Clutton-Brock%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41558-022-01284-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kalahari-meerkats.com/kmp/research-publications/">"KMP research"</a>. <i>Kalahari Meerkat Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200530212756/http://kalahari-meerkats.com/kmp/research-publications/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kalahari+Meerkat+Project&rft.atitle=KMP+research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkalahari-meerkats.com%2Fkmp%2Fresearch-publications%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/cambridgeshire/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_8716000/8716037.stm">"Meerkat adverts lead to surge in unwanted pets"</a>. BBC. 2 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803223247/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/cambridgeshire/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_8716000/8716037.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Meerkat+adverts+lead+to+surge+in+unwanted+pets&rft.date=2010-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Fcambridgeshire%2Fhi%2Fpeople_and_places%2Fnature%2Fnewsid_8716000%2F8716037.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeney2013" class="citation book cs1">Sweeney, G. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yAjjxpvxVDAC&pg=PA129">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"What do you want me to do? Dress in drag and do the hula?": Timon and Pumbaa's alternative lifestyle dilemma in <i>The Lion King</i>"</a>. In Cheu, J. (ed.). <i>Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: MacFarland & Co. pp. 129–146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4601-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4601-8"><bdi>978-0-7864-4601-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805210957/https://books.google.com/books?id=yAjjxpvxVDAC&pg=PA129">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22What+do+you+want+me+to+do%3F+Dress+in+drag+and+do+the+hula%3F%22%3A+Timon+and+Pumbaa%27s+alternative+lifestyle+dilemma+in+The+Lion+King&rft.btitle=Diversity+in+Disney+Films%3A+Critical+Essays+on+Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+Gender%2C+Sexuality+and+Disability&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=129-146&rft.pub=MacFarland+%26+Co.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-4601-8&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyAjjxpvxVDAC%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">"<a href="/wiki/List_of_Meerkat_Manor_episodes" title="List of Meerkat Manor episodes">A Family Affair</a>". <i>Meerkat Manor</i>. 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(2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/life-of-pis-acidic-island-a-warning-for-our-warming-world-11599">"Life of Pi's acidic island a warning for our warming world"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202093831/https://theconversation.com/life-of-pis-acidic-island-a-warning-for-our-warming-world-11599">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Life+of+Pi%27s+acidic+island+a+warning+for+our+warming+world&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Faunce&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Flife-of-pis-acidic-island-a-warning-for-our-warming-world-11599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonald,_D.1999" class="citation book cs1">Macdonald, D. (1999). <i>Meerkats</i>. London: New Holland Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meerkats&rft.place=London&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Macdonald%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss-GillespieGriffin2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ross-Gillespie, A.; Griffin, A. S. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(07)01149-9.pdf">"Meerkats"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>17</b> (12): R442–R443. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2007.03.045">10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.045</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17580068">17580068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=Meerkats&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=R442-R443&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2007.03.045&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17580068&rft.aulast=Ross-Gillespie&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Griffin%2C+A.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fcurrent-biology%2Fpdf%2FS0960-9822%2807%2901149-9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClutton-BrockManser" class="citation report cs1">Clutton-Brock, T.; Manser, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009141632/https://earthwatch.org/atf/cf/%7BBD9A05BF-0860-451E-AA86-7FBF37574C00%7D/cluttonbrock_briefing.pdf">Meerkats of the Kalahari: Expedition briefing</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). University of Cambridge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthwatch.org/atf/cf/%7BBD9A05BF-0860-451E-AA86-7FBF37574C00%7D/cluttonbrock_briefing.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Meerkats+of+the+Kalahari%3A+Expedition+briefing&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft.aulast=Clutton-Brock&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Manser%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthwatch.org%2Fatf%2Fcf%2F%257BBD9A05BF-0860-451E-AA86-7FBF37574C00%257D%2Fcluttonbrock_briefing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCandea2010" class="citation journal cs1">Candea, M. (2010). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"I fell in love with Carlos the meerkat": Engagement and detachment in human-animal relations". <i>American Ethnologist</i>. <b>37</b> (2): 241–258. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2010.01253.x">10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01253.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=%22I+fell+in+love+with+Carlos+the+meerkat%22%3A+Engagement+and+detachment+in+human-animal+relations&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=241-258&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2010.01253.x&rft.aulast=Candea&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style 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href="https://animaldiversity.org/site/accounts/information/Suricata_suricatta.html">"Meerkat"</a>. <i>Animal Diversity, University of Michigan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animal+Diversity%2C+University+of+Michigan&rft.atitle=Meerkat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanimaldiversity.org%2Fsite%2Faccounts%2Finformation%2FSuricata_suricatta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeerkat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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linsang">Prionodon</a></i> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Asiatic linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_linsang" title="Banded linsang">Banded linsang (<i>P. linsang</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang" title="Spotted linsang">Spotted linsang (<i>P. pardicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Felidae_(cats)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(cats)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantherinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard" title="Sunda clouded leopard">Sunda clouded leopard (<i>N. diardi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard (<i>N. nebulosa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Snow leopard (<i>P. uncia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (<i>P. tigris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (<i>P. onca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (<i>P. leo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (<i>P. pardus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Bay cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">Marbled cat (<i>P. marmorata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_cat" title="Bay cat">Bay cat (<i>C. badia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat" title="Asian golden cat">Asian golden cat (<i>C. temminckii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Caracal<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (<i>Leptailurus serval</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">African golden cat (<i>C. aurata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (<i>C. caracal</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_cat" title="Pampas cat">Pampas cat (<i>L. colocola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat" title="Geoffroy's cat">Geoffroy's cat (<i>L. geoffroyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (<i>L. guigna</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus" title="Leopardus guttulus">Southern tiger cat (<i>L. guttulus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat" title="Andean mountain cat">Andean mountain cat (<i>L. jacobita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (<i>L. pardalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (<i>L. tigrinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (<i>L. wiedii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx (<i>L. lynx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx (<i>L. pardinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (<i>L. rufus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Puma<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Acinonyx" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (<i>A. jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (<i>Herpailurus yagouaroundi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (<i>P. concolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Leopard cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat" title="Pallas's cat">Pallas's cat (<i>Otocolobus manul</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">Leopard cat (<i>P. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat" title="Sunda leopard cat">Sunda leopard cat (<i>P. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat" title="Flat-headed cat">Flat-headed cat (<i>P. planiceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat" title="Rusty-spotted cat">Rusty-spotted cat (<i>P. rubiginosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat (<i>P. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat (<i>F. bieti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat (<i>F. catus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat (<i>F. chaus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat (<i>F. lybica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat (<i>F. margarita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat (<i>F. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat (<i>F. silvestris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Viverroidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston's palm civet">Owston's palm civet (<i>Chrotogale owstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Otter civet (<i>Cynogale bennettii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose's palm civet">Hose's palm civet (<i>Diplogale hosei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Banded palm civet (<i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (<i>Arctictis binturong</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet" title="Small-toothed palm civet">Small-toothed palm civet (<i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Sulawesi palm civet (<i>Macrogalidia musschenbroekii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Masked palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet (<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet" title="Brown palm civet">Brown palm civet (<i>P. jerdoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" title="Golden palm civet">Golden palm civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><br /><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a> <br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Small Indian civet (<i>Viverricula indica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet (<i>Civettictis civetta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet" title="Malabar large-spotted civet">Malabar large-spotted civet (<i>V. civettina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet" title="Large-spotted civet">Large-spotted civet (<i>V. megaspila</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet" title="Large Indian civet">Large Indian civet (<i>V. zibetha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(African linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan" title="Central African oyan">Central African oyan (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_oyan" title="West African oyan">West African oyan (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(genets)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet" title="Abyssinian genet">Abyssinian genet (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_genet" title="Angolan genet">Angolan genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" title="Bourlon's genet">Bourlon's genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" title="Crested servaline genet">Crested servaline genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_genet" title="Common genet">Common genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" title="Johnston's genet">Johnston's genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letaba_genet" title="Letaba genet">Letaba genet (<i>G. letabae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" title="Rusty-spotted genet">Rusty-spotted genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardine_genet" title="Pardine genet">Pardine genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet" title="Aquatic genet">Aquatic genet (<i>G. piscivora</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_genet" title="King genet">King genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servaline_genet" title="Servaline genet">Servaline genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_genet" title="Hausa genet">Hausa genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_genet" title="Cape genet">Cape genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" title="Giant forest genet">Giant forest genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet" title="South African small-spotted genet">South African small-spotted genet (<i>G. felina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (<i>P. cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bone-crushing hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">Striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena (<i>Parahyaena brunnea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena (<i>C. crocuta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (<i>Cryptoprocta ferox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Malagasy civet (<i>Fossa fossana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc" title="Eastern falanouc">Eastern falanouc (<i>E. goudotii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_falanouc" title="Western falanouc">Western falanouc (<i>E. major</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira" title="Ring-tailed vontsira">Ring-tailed vontsira (<i>Galidia elegans</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" title="Grandidier's mongoose">Grandidier's mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Narrow-striped mongoose (<i>Mungotictis decemlineata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose" title="Brown-tailed mongoose">Brown-tailed mongoose (<i>S. concolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira" title="Durrell's vontsira">Durrell's vontsira (<i>S. durrelli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><br /><i>sensu stricto</i></span><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(mongooses)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suricata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meerkat (<i>S. suricatta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose (<i>Liberiictus kuhni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" title="Gambian mongoose">Gambian mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose (<i>M. mungo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues's mongoose">Pousargues's mongoose (<i>Dologale dybowskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose (<i>H. parvula</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander's kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" title="Angolan kusimanse">Angolan kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" title="Flat-headed kusimanse">Flat-headed kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Marsh mongoose (<i>Atilax paludinosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">Long-nosed mongoose (<i>Xenogale naso</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose" title="Small Indian mongoose">Small Indian mongoose (<i>U. auropunctata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose" title="Short-tailed mongoose">Short-tailed mongoose (<i>U. brachyura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose" title="Indian grey mongoose">Indian grey mongoose (<i>U. edwardsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose" title="Indian brown mongoose">Indian brown mongoose (<i>U. fusca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose" title="Javan mongoose">Javan mongoose (<i>U. javanica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose" title="Collared mongoose">Collared mongoose (<i>U. semitorquata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose" title="Ruddy mongoose">Ruddy mongoose (<i>U. smithii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose" title="Crab-eating mongoose">Crab-eating mongoose (<i>U. urva</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose" title="Stripe-necked mongoose">Stripe-necked mongoose (<i>U. vitticolla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">White-tailed mongoose (<i>Ichneumia albicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Yellow mongoose (<i>Cynictis penicillata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose" title="Selous's mongoose">Selous's mongoose (<i>Paracynictis selousi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Meller's mongoose (<i>Rhynchogale melleri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose">Bushy-tailed mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" title="Jackson's mongoose">Jackson's mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" title="Black-footed mongoose">Black-footed mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" title="Angolan slender mongoose">Angolan slender mongoose (<i>H. flavescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose (<i>H. ichneumon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" title="Somalian slender mongoose">Somalian slender mongoose (<i>H. ochracea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" title="Cape gray mongoose">Cape gray mongoose (<i>H. pulverulenta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose" title="Common slender mongoose">Common slender mongoose (<i>H. sanguinea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Caniformia_(&quot;dog-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("dog-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Canidae_(dogs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(dogs)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox (<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_fox" title="Island fox">Island fox (<i>U. littoralis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vulpini" title="Vulpini">Vulpini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Bat-eared fox (<i>Otocyon megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog" title="Common raccoon dog">Common raccoon dog (<i>N. procyonoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog" title="Japanese raccoon dog">Japanese raccoon dog (<i>N. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i><br /><small><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fox" title="Bengal fox">Bengal fox (<i>V. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox" title="Blanford's fox">Blanford's fox (<i>V. cana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsac_fox" title="Corsac fox">Corsac fox (<i>V. corsac</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox" title="Tibetan fox">Tibetan fox (<i>V. ferrilata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_fox" title="Kit fox">Kit fox (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_fox" title="Pale fox">Pale fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" title="Rüppell's fox">Rüppell's fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">Swift fox (<i>V. velox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox (<i>V. vulpes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">Fennec fox (<i>V. zerda</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)" title="Canini (tribe)">Canini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(true dogs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina" title="Cerdocyonina">Cerdocyonina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(zorro)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Maned wolf (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">Bush dog (<i>S. venaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Short-eared dog (<i>Atelocynus microtis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_American_fox" title="South American fox">Lycalopex</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (<i>L. culpaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" title="Darwin's fox">Darwin's fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">South American gray fox (<i>L. griseus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_fox" title="Pampas fox">Pampas fox (<i>L. gymnocercus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox" title="Sechuran fox">Sechuran fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoary_fox" title="Hoary fox">Hoary fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)" title="Canina (subtribe)">Canina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(wolf-like canids)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lupulella" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lupulella" title="Lupulella">Lupulella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal (<i>L. adustus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal (<i>L. mesomelas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole (<i>Cuon alpinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal (<i>C. aureus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Domestic dog (<i>C. familiaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf (<i>C. lupaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf (<i>C. lupus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf" title="Eastern wolf">Eastern wolf (<i>C. lycaon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf (<i>C. rufus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf (<i>C. simensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bears)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">Giant panda (<i>A. melanoleuca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tremarctos" title="Tremarctos">Tremarctos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Spectacled bear (<i>T. ornatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><a href="/wiki/Ursinae" title="Ursinae">Ursinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear (<i>Melursus ursinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Sun bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)" title="Ursus (mammal)">Ursus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear (<i>U. americanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear (<i>U. thibetanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">Brown bear (<i>U. arctos</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (<i>U. maritimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Mustelida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia</a> <small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pinnipedia_(seals)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Odobenidae" title="Odobenidae">Odobenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(eared seals:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Callorhinus" title="Callorhinus">Callorhinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Northern fur seal (<i>C. ursinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otariinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Otariinae">Otariinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lion (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion (<i>Z. californianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" title="Galápagos sea lion">Galápagos sea lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">South American sea lion (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neophoca" title="Neophoca">Neophoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lion (<i>N. cinerea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lion (<i>Phocarctos hookeri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal" title="South American fur seal">South American fur seal (<i>A. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">Australasian fur seal (<i>A. forsteri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal" title="Galápagos fur seal">Galápagos fur seal (<i>A. galapagoensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal (<i>A. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal" title="Juan Fernández fur seal">Juan Fernández fur seal (<i>A. philippii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Brown fur seal (<i>A. pusillus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal (<i>A. townsendi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">Subantarctic fur seal (<i>A. tropicalis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(earless seals<br />or true seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Phocinae" title="Phocinae">Phocinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("northern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Bearded seal (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Hooded seal (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phocini" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocini">Phocini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Harp seal (<i>Pagophilus groenlandicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Ribbon seal (<i>Histriophoca fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Grey seal (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_seal" title="Spotted seal">Spotted seal (<i>P. largha</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seal (<i>P. vitulina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_seal" title="Caspian seal">Caspian seal (<i>P. caspica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">Ringed seal (<i>P. hispida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_seal" title="Baikal seal">Baikal seal (<i>P. sibirica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monachinae" title="Monachinae">Monachinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("southern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monachini(monk_seals)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monk_seal" title="Monk seal">Monachini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(monk seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal (<i>Monachus monachus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neomonachus" title="Neomonachus">Neomonachus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal" title="Hawaiian monk seal">Hawaiian monk seal (<i>N. schauinslandi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(elephant seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal" title="Northern elephant seal">Northern elephant seal (<i>M. angustirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">Southern elephant seal (<i>M. leonina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lobodontini" title="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Antarctic seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal (<i>Hydrurga leptonyx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal (<i>Leptonychotes weddellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Crabeater seal (<i>Lobodon carcinophagus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal (<i>Ommatophoca rossi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Musteloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(hog-nosed skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk">Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. humboldtii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" title="American hog-nosed skunk">American hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk">Striped hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk" title="Hooded skunk">Hooded skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk (<i>M. mephitis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Stink_badger" title="Stink badger">Mydaus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(stink badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" title="Sunda stink badger">Sunda stink badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" title="Palawan stink badger">Palawan stink badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(spotted skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk" title="Southern spotted skunk">Southern spotted skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" title="Eastern spotted skunk">Eastern spotted skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" title="Pygmy spotted skunk">Pygmy spotted skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (<i>Potos flavus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail" title="Ringtail">Ringtail (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (<i>B. sumichrasti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(raccoons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon" title="Crab-eating raccoon">Crab-eating raccoon (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (<i>P. lotor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon" title="Cozumel raccoon">Cozumel raccoon (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(olingos)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" title="Eastern lowland olingo">Eastern lowland olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_olingo" title="Northern olingo">Northern olingo (<i>B. gabbii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" title="Western lowland olingo">Western lowland olingo (<i>B. medius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinguito" title="Olinguito">Olinguito (<i>B. neblina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Nasuina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(coatis)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_coati" title="South American coati">South American coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati" title="White-nosed coati">White-nosed coati (<i>N. narica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" title="Nasuella meridensis">Eastern mountain coati (<i>N. meridensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea" title="Nasuella olivacea">Western mountain coati (<i>N. olivacea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mustelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mustelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger (<i>Taxidea taxus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mellivora" title="Mellivora">Mellivora</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Honey badger (<i>M. capensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Melinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Eurasian badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Arctonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger" title="Northern hog badger">Northern hog badger (<i>A. albogularis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger" title="Greater hog badger">Greater hog badger (<i>A. collaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger" title="Sumatran hog badger">Sumatran hog badger (<i>A. hoevenii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_badger" title="Japanese badger">Japanese badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger" title="Caucasian badger">Caucasian badger (<i>M. canescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_badger" title="Asian badger">Asian badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger (<i>M. meles</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(ferret-badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger" title="Vietnam ferret-badger">Vietnam ferret-badger (<i>M. cucphuongensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger" title="Bornean ferret badger">Bornean ferret badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger" title="Chinese ferret-badger">Chinese ferret-badger (<i>M. moschata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" title="Javan ferret-badger">Javan ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger" title="Burmese ferret-badger">Burmese ferret-badger (<i>M. personata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger" title="Formosan ferret-badger">Formosan ferret-badger (<i>M. subaurantiaca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Guloninae" title="Guloninae">Guloninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (<i>Eira barbara</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pekania" title="Pekania">Pekania</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (<i>P. pennanti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo">Gulo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (<i>G. gulo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(martens)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_marten" title="Pacific marten">Pacific marten (<i>M. caurina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten" title="Yellow-throated marten">Yellow-throated marten (<i>M. flavigula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten (<i>M. foina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten (<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten (<i>M. martes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_marten" title="Japanese marten">Japanese marten (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (<i>M. zibellina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ictonychinae" title="Ictonychinae">Ictonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)">Lyncodontini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel (<i>Lyncodon patagonicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(grisons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_grison" title="Lesser grison">Lesser grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_grison" title="Greater grison">Greater grison (<i>G. vittata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)">Ictonychini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(African polecats)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vormela" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Vormela</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Marbled polecat (<i>V. peregusna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">African striped weasel (<i>Poecilogale albinucha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" title="Saharan striped polecat">Saharan striped polecat (<i>I. libycus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_polecat" title="Striped polecat">Striped polecat (<i>I. striatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(otters)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Giant otter (<i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_otter" title="Marine otter">Marine otter (<i>L. felina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter" title="Neotropical otter">Neotropical otter (<i>L. longicaudis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter" title="Southern river otter">Southern river otter (<i>L. provocax</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydra" title="Enhydra">Enhydra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (<i>E. lutris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Spotted-necked otter (<i>Hydrictis maculicollis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter (<i>L. lutra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter" title="Hairy-nosed otter">Hairy-nosed otter (<i>L. sumatrana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter (<i>L. perspicillata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter" title="African clawless otter">African clawless otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter" title="Asian small-clawed otter">Asian small-clawed otter (<i>A. cinereus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter" title="Congo clawless otter">Congo clawless otter (<i>A. congicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel" title="Amazon weasel">Amazon weasel (<i>N. africana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel (<i>N. felipei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel (<i>N. frenata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink (<i>N. vison</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(weasels)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis" title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis">Sichuan weasel (<i>M. aistoodonnivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel (<i>M. altaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat/Beringian ermine (<i>M. erminea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat (<i>M. eversmannii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferret (<i>M. furo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_ermine" title="Haida ermine">Haida ermine (<i>M. haidarum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel (<i>M. kathiah</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink (<i>M. lutreola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret (<i>M. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel (<i>M. nivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">European polecat (<i>M. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine (<i>M. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel (<i>M. sibirica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel (<i>M. strigidorsa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eusociality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eusociality" title="Template:Eusociality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eusociality" title="Template talk:Eusociality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eusociality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eusociality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eusociality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eusociality" title="Eusociality">Eusociality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_eusociality" title="Evolution of eusociality">Evolution of eusociality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presociality" class="mw-redirect" title="Presociality">Presociality</a></li> <li>Social insects <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ants" title="Agriculture in ants">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(ant)" title="Gamergate (ant)">Gamergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_selection" title="Group selection">Group selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplodiploidy" title="Haplodiploidy">Haplodiploidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_in_social_insects" title="Identity in social insects">Identity in social insects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin_recognition" title="Kin recognition">Kin recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin_selection" title="Kin selection">Kin selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethism" title="Polyethism">Polyethism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection_in_insects" title="Sexual selection in insects">Sexual selection in insects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conflict_in_ants" title="Social conflict in ants">Social conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelytoky" title="Thelytoky">Thelytoky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_ants" title="War in ants">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_policing" title="Worker policing">Worker policing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ApisDorsataHive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/ApisDorsataHive.jpg/70px-ApisDorsataHive.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/ApisDorsataHive.jpg/105px-ApisDorsataHive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/ApisDorsataHive.jpg/140px-ApisDorsataHive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hymenoptera" title="Hymenoptera">Hymenoptera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant" title="Ant">Ant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apidae" title="Apidae">Apidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabronidae" title="Crabronidae">Crabronidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halictidae" title="Halictidae">Halictidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae">Vespidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blesmol" title="Blesmol">Blesmol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_mongoose" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf mongoose">Dwarf mongoose</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meerkat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustacean</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Synalpheus" title="Synalpheus">Synalpheus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrips" title="Thrips">Thysanoptera</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kladothrips" title="Kladothrips">Kladothrips</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">Hemiptera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphididae" title="Aphididae">Aphididae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">Coleoptera</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Austroplatypus_incompertus" title="Austroplatypus incompertus">Austroplatypus incompertus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termite" title="Termite">Isoptera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bees_in_mythology" title="Bees in mythology">Bees in mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalescent" title="Coalescent">Coalescent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers, works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a> <ul><li><i>The Dancing Bees</i> 1927</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duncan_Michener" title="Charles Duncan Michener">Charles Duncan Michener</a> <ul><li><i>The Bees of the World</i> 2000</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_H%C3%B6lldobler" title="Bert Hölldobler">Bert Hölldobler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sociobiology:_The_New_Synthesis" title="Sociobiology: The New Synthesis">Sociobiology: The New Synthesis</a></i> 1975</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ants" title="The Ants">The Ants</a></i> 1990</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Ants" title="Journey to the Ants">Journey to the Ants</a></i> 1994</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Suricata suricatta</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134015" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q134015">Q134015</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Suricata_suricatta" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Suricata suricatta">Suricata suricatta</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Suricata_suricatta/">Suricata_suricatta</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/7B5YQ">7B5YQ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/311580">311580</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SURITE">SURITE</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2434126">2434126</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41943">41943</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11244376">11244376</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=621906">621906</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/41624">41624</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006070">1006070</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14000678">14000678</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=37032">37032</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/85774/">85774</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=803645">803645</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=232149">232149</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=17067">17067</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Viverra suricatta</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122789453" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q122789453">Q122789453</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7481103">7481103</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/6E70B1F4-B967-4861-BC1D-6AEAC06F3B44">6E70B1F4-B967-4861-BC1D-6AEAC06F3B44</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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