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id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The British Library is a <a href="/wiki/Research_library" title="Research library">research library</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> that is the <a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">national library</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Largest_libraries_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest libraries in the world">largest libraries in the world</a>. It is estimated to contain between 170 and 200 million<a href="#cite_note-Wight-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-BL_Exhibition_Notes-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-How_Big_is_the_UK_Web_Archive-4">[4]</a> items from many countries. As a <a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">legal deposit</a> library, the British Library receives copies of all books produced in the United Kingdom and Ireland, including a significant proportion of overseas titles distributed in the United Kingdom. The Library is a <a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">non-departmental public body</a> sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a>. <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">British Library</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:BritishLibrary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BritishLibrary.svg/100px-BritishLibrary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BritishLibrary.svg/150px-BritishLibrary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BritishLibrary.svg/200px-BritishLibrary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1084"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:British_library_london.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/British_library_london.jpg/250px-British_library_london.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/British_library_london.jpg/375px-British_library_london.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/British_library_london.jpg/500px-British_library_london.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1078"></a><div class="infobox-caption">The British Library from the piazza</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=British_Library&params=51_31_46_N_0_07_37_W_region:GB_type:landmark">51°31′46″N 0°07′37″W / 51.52944°N 0.12694°W / 51.52944; -0.12694</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">96 <a href="/wiki/Euston_Road" title="Euston Road">Euston Road</a> London, <a href="/wiki/NW_postcode_area" title="NW postcode area">NW1</a> 2DB, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">National library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1973 (51 years ago) (1 July 1973)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architect(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colin_St_John_Wilson" title="Colin St John Wilson">Colin St John Wilson</a> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Long" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Jane Long">Mary Jane Long</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branches</th><td class="infobox-data">1 (<a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a>, West Yorkshire)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Collection</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Items collected</th><td class="infobox-data">Books, <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journals</a>, newspapers, magazines, <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recording">sound and music recordings</a>, patents, <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a>, maps, <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">stamps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">prints</a>, drawings and <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscripts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">170–200 million+<a href="#cite_note-Wight-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-BL_Exhibition_Notes-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-How_Big_is_the_UK_Web_Archive-4">[4]</a> items 13,950,000 books<a href="#cite_note-ARA-5">[5]</a> 824,101 serial titles 351,116 manuscripts (single and volumes) 8,266,276 philatelic items 4,347,505 cartographic items 1,607,885 music scores 6,000,000 sound recordings</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">Legal deposit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yes, provided in law by: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Deposit_Libraries_Act_2003" title="Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003">Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li>Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (Republic of Ireland)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Access and use</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Access requirements</th><td class="infobox-data">Open to anyone with a need to use the collections and services</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£142 million<a href="#cite_note-ARA-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roly_Keating" title="Roly Keating">Sir Roly Keating</a> (chief executive, since 12 September 2012)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bl.uk">bl.uk</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #FFC0CB; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade I</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">The British Library, piazza, boundary wall and railings to Ossulston Street, Euston Road and Midland Road</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">31 July 2015 (2015-07-31)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1426345<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/British_Library_Highlights.webm/250px--British_Library_Highlights.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="141" data-durationhint="191" data-mwtitle="British_Library_Highlights.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:British_Library_Highlights.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/British_Library_Highlights.webm/British_Library_Highlights.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/British_Library_Highlights.webm/British_Library_Highlights.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/British_Library_Highlights.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/British_Library_Highlights.webm/British_Library_Highlights.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/British_Library_Highlights.webm/British_Library_Highlights.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source></video><figcaption>British Library highlights film, 2014</figcaption></figure> The British Library is a major <a href="/wiki/Research_library" title="Research library">research library</a>, with items in many languages<a href="#cite_note-BL-CDP-8">[8]</a> and in many formats, both print and digital: books, manuscripts, journals, newspapers, magazines, sound and music recordings, videos, play-scripts, patents, databases, maps, stamps, prints, drawings. The Library's collections include around 14 million books,<a href="#cite_note-BLhome-9">[9]</a> along with substantial holdings of manuscripts and items dating as far back as 2000 BC. The library maintains a programme for content acquisition and adds some three million items each year occupying 9.6 kilometres (6 mi) of new shelf space.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Prior to 1973, the Library was part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, also in the <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Camden" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of Camden">Borough of Camden</a>. The Library's modern purpose-built building stands next to <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_station" class="mw-redirect" title="St Pancras station">St Pancras station</a> on <a href="/wiki/Euston_Road" title="Euston Road">Euston Road</a> in <a href="/wiki/Somers_Town,_London" title="Somers Town, London">Somers Town</a>, on the site of a former goods yard.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> There is an additional storage building and reading room in the branch library near <a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a> in Yorkshire. The St Pancras building was officially opened by Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> on 25 June 1998, and is classified as a Grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> "of exceptional interest" for its architecture and history.<a href="#cite_note-listed-12">[12]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_foundations">1 Early foundations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Legal_deposit">2 Legal deposit</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Using_the_library's_reading_rooms">3 Using the library's reading rooms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Online,_electronic_and_digital_resources">4 Online, electronic and digital resources</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Material_available_online">4.1 Material available online</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Electronic_collections">4.2 Electronic collections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Digital_Library_System">5 Digital Library System</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Cyber_attack">6 Cyber attack</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Exhibitions">7 Exhibitions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Services_and_departments">8 Services and departments</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Business_and_IP_Centre">8.1 Business and IP Centre</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Document_Supply_Service">8.2 Document Supply Service</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Sound_archive">8.3 Sound archive</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Moving_image_services">8.4 Moving image services</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Periodicals_and_philatelic_collections">9 Periodicals and philatelic collections</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Newspapers">9.1 Newspapers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Philatelic_collections">9.2 Philatelic collections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Other_projects">10 Other projects</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Highlights_of_the_collections">11 Highlights of the collections</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#1300_BC_%E2%80%93_500_AD">11.1 1300 BC – 500 AD</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#500%E2%80%93800_AD">11.2 500–800 AD</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#800%E2%80%931000_AD">11.3 800–1000 AD</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#1000%E2%80%931200_AD">11.4 1000–1200 AD</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#1200%E2%80%931300_AD">11.5 1200–1300 AD</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#1300%E2%80%931400_AD">11.6 1300–1400 AD</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#1400%E2%80%931500_AD">11.7 1400–1500 AD</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#1500%E2%80%931700_AD">11.8 1500–1700 AD</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#1700_AD_%E2%80%93_present">11.9 1700 AD – present</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Maps,_music,_manuscripts_and_literature">11.10 Maps, music, manuscripts and literature</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Collections_of_manuscripts">12 Collections of manuscripts</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Foundation_collections">12.1 Foundation collections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Other_named_collections">12.2 Other named collections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Additional_manuscripts">12.3 Additional manuscripts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Chief_executives_and_other_employees">13 Chief executives and other employees</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#See_also">14 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#References">15 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Further_reading">16 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Early_foundations">Early foundations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early foundations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The British Library was created on 1 July 1973 as a result of the British Library Act 1972.<a href="#cite_note-blhistory-13">[13]</a> Prior to this, the national library was part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, which provided the bulk of the holdings of the new library, alongside smaller organisations which were folded in (such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Central_Library_(England_and_Wales)" title="National Central Library (England and Wales)">National Central Library</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> the National Lending Library for Science and Technology and the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Bibliography" title="British National Bibliography">British National Bibliography</a>).<a href="#cite_note-blhistory-13">[13]</a> In 1974 functions previously exercised by the Office for Scientific and Technical Information were taken over; in 1982 the <a href="/wiki/India_Office_Library_and_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="India Office Library and Records">India Office Library and Records</a> and the <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a> Binderies became British Library responsibilities.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In 1983, the Library absorbed the <a href="/wiki/National_Sound_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="National Sound Archive">National Sound Archive</a>, which holds many sound and video recordings, with over a million discs and thousands of tapes.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The core of the Library's historical collections is based on a series of donations and acquisitions from the 18th century.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] These are known as the "foundation collections",<a href="#cite_note-Wedgeworth1993-17">[17]</a> and they include the books and manuscripts: <ul><li>in the possession of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Cotton,_1st_Baronet,_of_Connington" title="Sir Robert Cotton, 1st Baronet, of Connington">Sir Robert Cotton</a> in the early 17th century (now called the <a href="/wiki/Cottonian_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottonian Library">Cottonian Library</a>),[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Hans_Sloane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Hans Sloane">Sir Hans Sloane</a> (d. 1753)<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Mortimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer">Robert Harley</a> (d. 1721)<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Library" title="King's Library">King's Library</a> of <a href="/wiki/King_George_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King George III">King George III</a>;<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> and</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Old_Royal_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Royal Library">Old Royal Library</a> donated by <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">King George II</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_the_British_Library,_Street_5,_Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate_(10th_July_2020).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Entrance_to_the_British_Library%2C_Street_5%2C_Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate_%2810th_July_2020%29.jpg/220px-Entrance_to_the_British_Library%2C_Street_5%2C_Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate_%2810th_July_2020%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2176"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Entrance_to_the_British_Library%2C_Street_5%2C_Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate_%2810th_July_2020%29.jpg/220px-Entrance_to_the_British_Library%2C_Street_5%2C_Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate_%2810th_July_2020%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Entrance_to_the_British_Library%2C_Street_5%2C_Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate_%2810th_July_2020%29.jpg/330px-Entrance_to_the_British_Library%2C_Street_5%2C_Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate_%2810th_July_2020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Entrance_to_the_British_Library%2C_Street_5%2C_Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate_%2810th_July_2020%29.jpg/440px-Entrance_to_the_British_Library%2C_Street_5%2C_Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate_%2810th_July_2020%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The British Library branch at <a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a> (on <a href="/wiki/Thorp_Arch_Trading_Estate" title="Thorp Arch Trading Estate">Thorp Arch Trading Estate</a>), <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></figcaption></figure> For many years its collections were dispersed in various buildings around <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central London</a>, in places such as <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury" title="Bloomsbury">Bloomsbury</a> (within the British Museum), <a href="/wiki/Chancery_Lane_tube_station" title="Chancery Lane tube station">Chancery Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayswater" title="Bayswater">Bayswater</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Holborn" title="Holborn">Holborn</a>, with an <a href="/wiki/Interlibrary_loan" title="Interlibrary loan">interlibrary lending</a> centre at <a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a>, 2.5 miles (4 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Wetherby" title="Wetherby">Wetherby</a> in West Yorkshire (situated on Thorp Arch Trading Estate), and the newspaper library at <a href="/wiki/Colindale" title="Colindale">Colindale</a>, north-west London.<a href="#cite_note-blhistory-13">[13]</a> Initial plans for the British Library required demolition of an integral part of Bloomsbury – a seven-acre swathe of streets immediately in front of the Museum, so that the Library could be situated directly opposite. After a long and hard-fought campaign led by Dr George Wagner, this decision was overturned and the library was instead constructed by <a href="/wiki/John_Laing_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="John Laing plc">John Laing plc</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> on a site at <a href="/wiki/Euston_Road" title="Euston Road">Euston Road</a> next to <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">St Pancras railway station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Following the closure of the Round Reading Room on 25 October 1997 the library stock began to be moved into the St Pancras building. Before the end of that year the first of eleven new reading rooms had opened and the moving of stock was continuing.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> From 1997 to 2009 the main collection was housed in this single new building and the collection of British and overseas newspapers was housed at <a href="/wiki/Colindale" title="Colindale">Colindale</a>. In July 2008 the Library announced that it would be moving low-use items to a new storage facility in <a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a> in Yorkshire and that it planned to close the newspaper library at Colindale, ahead of a later move to a similar facility on the same site.<a href="#cite_note-BL_Collection_Moves_Strategy-24">[24]</a> From January 2009 to April 2012 over 200 km of material was moved to the Additional Storage Building and is now delivered to British Library Reading Rooms in London on request by a daily shuttle service.<a href="#cite_note-200km_material_moved-25">[25]</a> Construction work on the Additional Storage Building was completed in 2013 and the newspaper library at Colindale closed on 8 November 2013. The collection has now been split between the St Pancras and Boston Spa sites.<a href="#cite_note-ColindaleCloseDate-26">[26]</a> The British Library Document Supply Service (BLDSS) and the Library's Document Supply Collection is based on the same site in Boston Spa. Collections housed in Yorkshire, comprising low-use material and the newspaper and Document Supply collections, make up around 70% of the total material the library holds.<a href="#cite_note-SteveMorrisBBC-27">[27]</a> The Library previously had a book storage depot in <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a>, south-east London, which is no longer in use.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Library_Entrance_Hall,_London,_July_21,_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/The_British_Library_Entrance_Hall%2C_London%2C_July_21%2C_2024.jpg/220px-The_British_Library_Entrance_Hall%2C_London%2C_July_21%2C_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/The_British_Library_Entrance_Hall%2C_London%2C_July_21%2C_2024.jpg/220px-The_British_Library_Entrance_Hall%2C_London%2C_July_21%2C_2024.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/The_British_Library_Entrance_Hall%2C_London%2C_July_21%2C_2024.jpg/330px-The_British_Library_Entrance_Hall%2C_London%2C_July_21%2C_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/The_British_Library_Entrance_Hall%2C_London%2C_July_21%2C_2024.jpg/440px-The_British_Library_Entrance_Hall%2C_London%2C_July_21%2C_2024.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Entrance hall with tapestry</figcaption></figure> The new library was designed specially for the purpose by the architect <a href="/wiki/Colin_St_John_Wilson" title="Colin St John Wilson">Colin St John Wilson</a><a href="#cite_note-blhistory-13">[13]</a> in collaboration with his wife <a href="/wiki/MJ_Long" title="MJ Long">MJ Long</a>, who came up with the plan that was subsequently developed and built.<a href="#cite_note-MJLongObit-28">[28]</a> Facing Euston Road is a large piazza that includes pieces of <a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">public art</a>, such as large sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Paolozzi" title="Eduardo Paolozzi">Eduardo Paolozzi</a> (a bronze statue based on <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>'s study of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Antony_Gormley" title="Antony Gormley">Antony Gormley</a>. It is the largest public building constructed in the United Kingdom in the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walkowitz2009-30">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Library_%2B_St_Pancras_7527-31hug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/British_Library_%2B_St_Pancras_7527-31hug.jpg/220px-British_Library_%2B_St_Pancras_7527-31hug.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4419" data-file-height="1839"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 92px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/British_Library_%2B_St_Pancras_7527-31hug.jpg/220px-British_Library_%2B_St_Pancras_7527-31hug.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="92" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/British_Library_%2B_St_Pancras_7527-31hug.jpg/330px-British_Library_%2B_St_Pancras_7527-31hug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/British_Library_%2B_St_Pancras_7527-31hug.jpg/440px-British_Library_%2B_St_Pancras_7527-31hug.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The British Library with <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">St Pancras railway station</a> behind it</figcaption></figure> In the middle of the building is a six-storey glass tower inspired by a similar structure in the <a href="/wiki/Beinecke_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Beinecke Library">Beinecke Library</a>, containing the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Library" title="King's Library">King's Library</a> with 65,000 printed volumes along with other pamphlets, manuscripts and maps collected by King George III between 1763 and 1820.<a href="#cite_note-Nichols1870-31">[31]</a> In December 2009 a new storage building at Boston Spa was opened by <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Winterton" title="Rosie Winterton">Rosie Winterton</a>. The new facility, costing £26 million, has a capacity for seven million items, stored in more than 140,000 <a href="/wiki/Barcode" title="Barcode">bar-coded</a> containers and which are retrieved by robots<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> from the 162.7 miles of temperature and humidity-controlled storage space.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> On Friday, 5 April 2013, the Library announced that it would begin saving all sites with the suffix <a href="/wiki/.uk" title=".uk">.uk</a> in a bid to preserve the nation's "<a href="/wiki/Digital_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital memory">digital memory</a>" (which as of then amounted to about 4.8 million sites containing 1 billion web pages). The Library would make all the material publicly available to users by the end of 2013, and would ensure that, through technological advancements, all the material is preserved for future generations, despite the fluidity of the Internet.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The Euston Road building was Grade I listed on 1 August 2015.<a href="#cite_note-listed-12">[12]</a> It has plans to open a third location in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> potentially located in the Grade 1 listed <a href="/wiki/Temple_Works" title="Temple Works">Temple Works</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Legal_deposit">Legal deposit</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal deposit" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BritishLibraryInterior02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BritishLibraryInterior02.jpg/220px-BritishLibraryInterior02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="822"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BritishLibraryInterior02.jpg/220px-BritishLibraryInterior02.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BritishLibraryInterior02.jpg/330px-BritishLibraryInterior02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BritishLibraryInterior02.jpg/440px-BritishLibraryInterior02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Interior of the British Library, with the smoked glass wall of the King's Library in the background</figcaption></figure> In England, <a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">legal deposit</a> can be traced back to at least 1610.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_1911" title="Copyright Act 1911">Copyright Act 1911</a> established the principle of the legal deposit, ensuring that the British Library and five other libraries in Great Britain and Ireland are entitled to receive a free copy of every item published or distributed in Britain. The other five libraries are: the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">University Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College Library">Trinity College Library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Libraries of Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">Wales</a>. The British Library is the only one that must automatically receive a copy of every item published in Britain; the others are entitled to these items, but must specifically request them from the publisher after learning that they have been or are about to be published, a task done centrally by the <a href="/wiki/Agency_for_the_Legal_Deposit_Libraries" title="Agency for the Legal Deposit Libraries">Agency for the Legal Deposit Libraries</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Further, under the terms of <a href="/wiki/Irish_copyright_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish copyright law">Irish copyright law</a> (most recently the Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000), the British Library is entitled to automatically receive a free copy of every book published in Ireland, alongside the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">National Library of Ireland</a>, Trinity College Library in Dublin, the library of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>, the library of <a href="/wiki/Dublin_City_University" title="Dublin City University">Dublin City University</a> and the libraries of the four constituent universities of the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland" title="National University of Ireland">National University of Ireland</a>. The Bodleian Library, Cambridge University Library, and the National Libraries of Scotland and Wales are also entitled to copies of material published in Ireland, but again must formally make requests.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Legal_Deposit_Libraries_Act_2003" title="Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003">Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003</a> extended United Kingdom legal deposit requirements to electronic documents, such as <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROMs</a> and selected websites.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The Library also holds the <a href="/wiki/Asia,_Pacific_and_Africa_Collections" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections">Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections</a> (APAC) which include the <a href="/wiki/India_Office_Records" title="India Office Records">India Office Records</a> and materials in the languages of Asia and of north and north-east Africa.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Using_the_library's_reading_rooms">Using the library's reading rooms</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Using the library's reading rooms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mechanical_book_handling_system,_British_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mechanical_book_handling_system%2C_British_Library.jpg/220px-Mechanical_book_handling_system%2C_British_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mechanical_book_handling_system%2C_British_Library.jpg/220px-Mechanical_book_handling_system%2C_British_Library.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mechanical_book_handling_system%2C_British_Library.jpg/330px-Mechanical_book_handling_system%2C_British_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mechanical_book_handling_system%2C_British_Library.jpg/440px-Mechanical_book_handling_system%2C_British_Library.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The mechanical book handling system (MBHS<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>) used to deliver requested books from stores to reading rooms</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sitting_on_History_(1995)_by_Bill_Woodrow,_British_Library,_London,_UK_-_20061031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sitting_on_History_%281995%29_by_Bill_Woodrow%2C_British_Library%2C_London%2C_UK_-_20061031.jpg/220px-Sitting_on_History_%281995%29_by_Bill_Woodrow%2C_British_Library%2C_London%2C_UK_-_20061031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sitting_on_History_%281995%29_by_Bill_Woodrow%2C_British_Library%2C_London%2C_UK_-_20061031.jpg/220px-Sitting_on_History_%281995%29_by_Bill_Woodrow%2C_British_Library%2C_London%2C_UK_-_20061031.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sitting_on_History_%281995%29_by_Bill_Woodrow%2C_British_Library%2C_London%2C_UK_-_20061031.jpg/330px-Sitting_on_History_%281995%29_by_Bill_Woodrow%2C_British_Library%2C_London%2C_UK_-_20061031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sitting_on_History_%281995%29_by_Bill_Woodrow%2C_British_Library%2C_London%2C_UK_-_20061031.jpg/440px-Sitting_on_History_%281995%29_by_Bill_Woodrow%2C_British_Library%2C_London%2C_UK_-_20061031.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bronze sculpture. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Woodrow" title="Bill Woodrow">Bill Woodrow</a>'s 'Sitting on History' was purchased for the British Library by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diane_Middlebrook" title="Diane Middlebrook">Diane Middlebrook</a> in 1997. Sitting on History, with its ball and chain, refers to the book as the captor of information which we cannot escape. The bust visible top left is <a href="/wiki/Colin_St._John_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Colin St. John Wilson">Colin St. John Wilson</a> RA by Celia Scott, 1998 a gift from the American Trust for the British Library. Sir Colin designed the British Library building.</figcaption></figure> The Library is open to everyone who has a genuine need to use its collections. Anyone with a permanent address who wishes to carry out research can apply for a Reader Pass; they are required to provide proof of signature and address.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Historically, only those wishing to use specialised material unavailable in other public or academic libraries would be given a Reader Pass. The Library has been criticised for admitting numbers of undergraduate students, who have access to their own university libraries, to the reading rooms. The Library replied that it has always admitted undergraduates as long as they have a legitimate personal, work-related or academic research purpose.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The majority of catalogue entries can be found on Explore the British Library, the Library's main catalogue, which is based on Primo.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Other collections have their own catalogues, such as western manuscripts. The large reading rooms offer hundreds of seats which are often filled with researchers, especially during the Easter and summer holidays.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] British Library Reader Pass holders are also able to view the Document Supply Collection in the Reading Room at the Library's site in <a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a> in Yorkshire as well as the hard-copy newspaper collection from 29 September 2014. Now that access is available to legal deposit collection material, it is necessary for visitors to register as a Reader to use the Boston Spa Reading Room.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Online,_electronic_and_digital_resources">Online, electronic and digital resources</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Online, electronic and digital resources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Material_available_online">Material available online</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Material available online" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The British Library makes a number of images of items within its collections available online. Its Online Gallery gives access to 30,000 images from various medieval books, together with a handful of exhibition-style items in a proprietary format, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels" title="Lindisfarne Gospels">Lindisfarne Gospels</a>. This includes the facility to "turn the virtual pages" of a few documents, such as <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>'s notebooks.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Catalogue entries for many of the <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscript</a> collections are available online, with selected images of pages or miniatures from a growing number of them,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and there is a database of significant <a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">bookbindings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Library_Sounds" title="British Library Sounds">British Library Sounds</a> provides free online access to over 60,000 sound recordings.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The British Library's commercial <a href="/wiki/Secure_electronic_delivery_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure electronic delivery service">secure electronic delivery service</a> was started in 2003 at a cost of £6 million. This offers more than 100 million items (including 280,000 journal titles, 50 million patents, 5 million reports, 476,000 US dissertations and 433,000 conference proceedings) for researchers and library patrons worldwide which were previously unavailable outside the Library because of <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> restrictions. In line with a government directive that the British Library must cover a percentage of its operating costs, a fee is charged to the user. However, this service is no longer profitable and has led to a series of restructures to try to prevent further losses.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> When Google Books started, the British Library signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> to digitise a number of books from the British Library for its <a href="/wiki/Live_Search_Books" title="Live Search Books">Live Search Books</a> project.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> This material was only available to readers in the US, and closed in May 2008.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The scanned books are currently available via the British Library catalogue or <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In October 2010 the British Library launched its Management and business studies portal. This website is designed to allow digital access to management research reports, consulting reports, working papers and articles.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In November 2011, four million newspaper pages from the 18th and 19th centuries were made available online as the <a href="/wiki/British_Newspaper_Archive" title="British Newspaper Archive">British Newspaper Archive</a>. The project planned to scan up to 40 million pages over the next 10 years. The archive is free to search, but there is a charge for accessing the pages themselves.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_collections">Electronic collections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electronic collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of 2022, Explore the British Library is the latest iteration of the online catalogue.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> It contains nearly 57 million records and may be used to search, view and order items from the collections or search the contents of the Library's website. The Library's electronic collections include over 40,000 ejournals, 800 databases and other electronic resources.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> A number of these are available for remote access to registered St Pancras Reader Pass holders.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] PhD theses are available via the <a href="/wiki/E-Theses_Online_Service" title="E-Theses Online Service">E-Theses Online Service</a> (EThOS).<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Digital_Library_System">Digital Library System</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Digital Library System" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> In 2012, the UK <a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">legal deposit</a> libraries signed a memorandum of understanding to create a shared technical infrastructure implementing the Digital Library System developed by the British Library.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The DLS was in anticipation of the Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations 2013, an extension of the Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003 to include non-print electronic publications from 6 April 2013.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Four storage nodes, located in London, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth" title="Aberystwyth">Aberystwyth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, linked via a secure network in constant communication automatically replicate, self-check, and repair data.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> A complete <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">crawl</a> of every <a href="/wiki/.uk" title=".uk">.uk</a> domain (and other <a href="/wiki/TLD" class="mw-redirect" title="TLD">TLDs</a> with UK based server <a href="/wiki/Geolocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Geolocation">GeoIP</a>) has been added annually to the DLS since 2013, which also contains all of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>'s 1996–2013 .uk collection. The policy and system is based on that of the <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>, which has crawled (via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">IA</a> until 2010) the <a href="/wiki/.fr" title=".fr">.fr</a> domain annually (62 <a href="/wiki/Terabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">TBs</a> in 2015) since 2006.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Cyber_attack">Cyber attack</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cyber attack" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Library_cyberattack" title="British Library cyberattack">British Library cyberattack</a></div> On 28 October 2023 the British Library's entire website went down due to a cyber attack,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> later confirmed as a <a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">ransomware</a> attack attributed to ransomware group <a href="/wiki/Rhysida_(hacker_group)" title="Rhysida (hacker group)">Rhysida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Catalogues and ordering systems were affected, rendering the great majority of the library's collections inaccessible to readers. The library released statements saying that their services would be disrupted for several weeks,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> with some disruption expected to persist for several months.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> As at January 2024, the British Library continued to experience technology outages as a result of the cyber-attack.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exhibitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newton_by_Eduardo_Paolozzi_2003-03-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Newton_by_Eduardo_Paolozzi_2003-03-10.jpg/220px-Newton_by_Eduardo_Paolozzi_2003-03-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Newton_by_Eduardo_Paolozzi_2003-03-10.jpg/220px-Newton_by_Eduardo_Paolozzi_2003-03-10.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Newton_by_Eduardo_Paolozzi_2003-03-10.jpg/330px-Newton_by_Eduardo_Paolozzi_2003-03-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Newton_by_Eduardo_Paolozzi_2003-03-10.jpg/440px-Newton_by_Eduardo_Paolozzi_2003-03-10.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bronze sculpture on the piazza of <a href="/wiki/Newton_(Paolozzi)" title="Newton (Paolozzi)">Newton</a>, after <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Paolozzi" title="Eduardo Paolozzi">Eduardo Paolozzi</a>, 1995</figcaption></figure> A number of books and <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscripts</a> are on display to the public in the Sir John Ritblat Gallery which is open seven days a week at no charge. Some manuscripts in the exhibition include <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels" title="Lindisfarne Gospels">Lindisfarne Gospels</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Cuthbert_Gospel" title="St Cuthbert Gospel">St Cuthbert Gospel</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible" title="Gutenberg Bible">Gutenberg Bible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury Tales">Canterbury Tales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>), <a href="/wiki/Captain_Cook" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Cook">Captain Cook</a>'s journal, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_History_of_England_(Jane_Austen)" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of England (Jane Austen)">History of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte Brontë</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jane_Eyre" title="Jane Eyre">Jane Eyre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures Under Ground</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Just_So_Stories" title="Just So Stories">Just So Stories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Nickleby" title="Nicholas Nickleby">Nicholas Nickleby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a> and a room devoted solely to <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>, as well as several <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'ans</a> and Asian items.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In addition to the permanent exhibition, there are frequent thematic exhibitions which have covered maps,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> sacred texts,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> history of the English language,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> and law, including a celebration of the 800th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Services_and_departments">Services and departments</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Services and departments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_and_IP_Centre">Business and IP Centre</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Business and IP Centre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In May 2005, the British Library received a grant of £1 million from the <a href="/wiki/London_Development_Agency" title="London Development Agency">London Development Agency</a> to change two of its reading rooms into the Business & IP Centre. The centre was opened in March 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Chadwick-73">[73]</a> It holds arguably the most comprehensive collection of business and intellectual property (IP) material in the United Kingdom and is the official library of the <a href="/wiki/UK_Intellectual_Property_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Intellectual Property Office">UK Intellectual Property Office</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The collection is divided up into four main information areas: <a href="/wiki/Market_research" title="Market research">market research</a>, company information, trade directories, and <a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">journals</a>. It is free of charge in hard copy and online via approximately 30 subscription databases. Registered readers can access the collection and the databases.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> There are over 50 million patent specifications from 40 countries in a collection dating back to 1855. The collection also includes official gazettes on patents, <a href="/wiki/Trade_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade marks">trade marks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Registered_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered Design">Registered Design</a>; law reports and other material on <a href="/wiki/Litigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Litigation">litigation</a>; and information on <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a>. This is available in hard copy and via online databases.<a href="#cite_note-bipc-75">[75]</a> Staff are trained to guide <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Small and medium enterprise">small and medium enterprises</a> (SME) and entrepreneurs to use the full range of resources.<a href="#cite_note-bipc-75">[75]</a> In 2018, a Human Lending Library service was established in the Business & IP Centre, allowing social entrepreneurs to receive an hour's mentoring from a high-profile business professional.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> This service is run in partnership with Expert Impact.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Stephen Fear was the British Library's Entrepreneur in Residence and Ambassador from 2012 to 2016.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Document_Supply_Service">Document Supply Service</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Document Supply Service" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As part of its establishment in 1973, the British Library absorbed the National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLL), based near <a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a> in Yorkshire, which had been established in 1961. Before this, the site had housed a <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ordnance_Factory" title="Royal Ordnance Factory">Royal Ordnance Factory</a>, <a href="/wiki/ROF_Thorp_Arch" title="ROF Thorp Arch">ROF Thorp Arch</a>, which closed in 1957. When the NLL became part of the British Library in 1973 it changed its name to the British Library Lending Division, in 1985 it was renamed as the British Library Document Supply Centre and is now known as the British Library Document Supply Service, often abbreviated as BLDSS.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> BLDSS now holds 87.5 million items, including 296,000 international journal titles, 400,000 conference proceedings, 3 million <a href="/wiki/Monographs" class="mw-redirect" title="Monographs">monographs</a>, 5 million official publications, and 500,000 UK and North American theses and dissertations. 12.5 million articles in the Document Supply Collection are held electronically and can be downloaded immediately.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The collection supports <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> in UK, overseas and international industry, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical industry</a>. BLDSS also provides material to Higher Education institutions, students and staff and members of the public, who can order items through their <a href="/wiki/Public_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Library">Public Library</a> or through the Library's BL Document Supply Service (BLDSS).<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The Document Supply Service also offers Find it For Me and Get it For Me services which assist researchers in accessing hard-to-find material.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In April 2013, BLDSS launched its new online ordering and tracking system, which enables customers to search available items, view detailed availability, pricing and delivery time information, place and track orders, and manage account preferences online.<a href="#cite_note-BLDSS_online_system-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sound_archive">Sound archive</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sound archive" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Library_Sound_Archive" title="British Library Sound Archive">British Library Sound Archive</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BL_Sound_Archive_tapes-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BL_Sound_Archive_tapes-2.jpg/220px-BL_Sound_Archive_tapes-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BL_Sound_Archive_tapes-2.jpg/220px-BL_Sound_Archive_tapes-2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BL_Sound_Archive_tapes-2.jpg/330px-BL_Sound_Archive_tapes-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BL_Sound_Archive_tapes-2.jpg/440px-BL_Sound_Archive_tapes-2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Tape players used in the British Library Sound Archives, 2009 photo</figcaption></figure> The British Library Sound Archive holds more than a million discs and 185,000 tapes.<a href="#cite_note-BBC20060925-82">[82]</a> The collections come from all over the world and cover the entire range of recorded sound, from music, drama and literature to oral history and wildlife sounds, stretching back over more than 100 years. The Sound Archive's online catalogue is updated daily.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It is possible to listen to recordings from the collection in selected Reading Rooms in the Library through their SoundServer<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> and Listening and Viewing Service, which is based in the Rare Books & Music Reading Room.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In 2006, the Library launched a new online resource, <a href="/wiki/British_Library_Sounds" title="British Library Sounds">British Library Sounds</a>, which makes 50,000 of the Sound Archive's recordings available online.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moving_image_services">Moving image services</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Moving image services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Launched in October 2012, the British Library's moving image services provide access to nearly a million sound and moving image items onsite, supported by data for over 20 million sound and moving image recordings.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The three services, which for copyright reasons can only be accessed from terminals within the Reading Rooms at St Pancras or Boston Spa, are: <ul><li>BBC Pilot/<a href="/wiki/BBC_Redux" title="BBC Redux">Redux</a>: A collaboration with <a href="/wiki/BBC_Research_%26_Development" title="BBC Research & Development">BBC Research & Development</a> to mirror its archive which has, since June 2007, been recording 24/7 of all of the BBC's national and some regional broadcast output. BBC Pilot includes 2.2 million catalogue records and 225,000 playable programmes, but unlike BBC Redux it does not include any broadcasts beyond 2011.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Broadcast News: Since May 2010, the British Library has been making off-air recordings of daily TV and radio news broadcasts from seventeen channels, including BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Sky News, Al-Jazeera English, NHK World, CNN, France 24, Bloomberg, Russia Today and China's CCTV News. Many of the programs come with subtitles, which can be electronically searched, greatly enhancing the value of the collection as a research tool.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Television & Radio Index for Learning & Teaching (TRILT): Produced by the British Universities Film & Video Council (<a href="/wiki/BUFVC" class="mw-redirect" title="BUFVC">BUFVC</a>), TRILT is a database of all UK television and radio broadcasts since 2001 (and selectively back to 1995). Its 16 million records, growing by a million per year, cover every channel, broadcast and repeat.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Periodicals_and_philatelic_collections">Periodicals and philatelic collections</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Periodicals and philatelic collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Newspapers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Library_Newspapers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Library_Newspapers.JPG/220px-British_Library_Newspapers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Library_Newspapers.JPG/220px-British_Library_Newspapers.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Library_Newspapers.JPG/330px-British_Library_Newspapers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Library_Newspapers.JPG/440px-British_Library_Newspapers.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Former British Library Newspapers building, <a href="/wiki/Colindale" title="Colindale">Colindale</a></figcaption></figure> The Library holds an almost complete collection of British and Irish newspapers since 1840. This is partly because of the legal deposit legislation of 1869, which required newspapers to supply a copy of each edition of a newspaper to the library. London editions of national daily and Sunday newspapers are complete back to 1801. In total, the collection consists of 660,000 bound volumes and 370,000 reels of <a href="/wiki/Microfilm" class="mw-redirect" title="Microfilm">microfilm</a> containing tens of millions of newspapers with 52,000 titles on 45 km (28 mi) of shelves. From earlier dates, the collections include the <a href="/wiki/Thomason_Tracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomason Tracts">Thomason Tracts</a>, comprising 7,200 seventeenth-century newspapers,<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Burney_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Burney Collection">Burney Collection</a>, featuring nearly 1 million pages of newspapers from the late 18th and early 19th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The section also holds extensive collections of non-British newspapers, in numerous languages.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Newspapers section was based in <a href="/wiki/Colindale" title="Colindale">Colindale</a> in North London until 2013, when the buildings, which were considered to provide inadequate storage conditions and to be beyond improvement, were closed and sold for redevelopment.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-faq-91">[91]</a> The physical holdings are now divided between the sites at St Pancras (some high-use periodicals, and rare items such as the Thomason Tracts and Burney collections) and Boston Spa (the bulk of the collections, stored in a new purpose-built facility).<a href="#cite_note-faq-91">[91]</a> A significant and growing proportion of the collection is now made available to readers as surrogate facsimiles, either on microfilm, or, more recently, in digitised form. In 2010 a ten-year programme of digitisation of the newspaper archives with commercial partner DC Thomson subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Brightsolid" class="mw-redirect" title="Brightsolid">Brightsolid</a> began,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Newspaper_Archive" title="British Newspaper Archive">British Newspaper Archive</a> was launched in November 2011.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> A dedicated newspaper reading room opened at St Pancras in April 2014, including facilities for consulting microfilmed and digital materials, and, where no surrogate exists, hard-copy material retrieved from Boston Spa.<a href="#cite_note-faq-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-yorkpress_20140429-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philatelic_collections">Philatelic collections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Philatelic collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Library_Philatelic_Collections" title="British Library Philatelic Collections">British Library Philatelic Collections</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philatelic_collections_1110902_1110905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Philatelic_collections_1110902_1110905.jpg/220px-Philatelic_collections_1110902_1110905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6021" data-file-height="2152"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 79px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Philatelic_collections_1110902_1110905.jpg/220px-Philatelic_collections_1110902_1110905.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Philatelic_collections_1110902_1110905.jpg/330px-Philatelic_collections_1110902_1110905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Philatelic_collections_1110902_1110905.jpg/440px-Philatelic_collections_1110902_1110905.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Philatelic collections</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Library_Gate_Shadow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/British_Library_Gate_Shadow.jpg/220px-British_Library_Gate_Shadow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1719" data-file-height="1152"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/British_Library_Gate_Shadow.jpg/220px-British_Library_Gate_Shadow.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/British_Library_Gate_Shadow.jpg/330px-British_Library_Gate_Shadow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/British_Library_Gate_Shadow.jpg/440px-British_Library_Gate_Shadow.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The entrance gate and its shadow (designed by <a href="/wiki/David_Kindersley" title="David Kindersley">David Kindersley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lida_Lopes_Cardozo_Kindersley" title="Lida Lopes Cardozo Kindersley">Lida Lopes Cardozo Kindersley</a>)<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/British_Library_Philatelic_Collections" title="British Library Philatelic Collections">British Library Philatelic Collections</a> are held at St Pancras. The collections were established in 1891 with the donation of the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tapling" title="Thomas Tapling">Tapling</a> collection;<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> they steadily developed and now comprise over 25 major collections and a number of smaller ones, encompassing a wide range of disciplines. The collections include <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revenue_stamp" title="Revenue stamp">revenue stamps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postal_stationery" title="Postal stationery">postal stationery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essay_(philately)" title="Essay (philately)">essays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proofreading" title="Proofreading">proofs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cover_(philately)" title="Cover (philately)">covers</a> and entries, "<a href="/wiki/Cinderella_stamp" title="Cinderella stamp">cinderella stamp</a>" material, specimen issues, <a href="/wiki/Airmail" title="Airmail">airmails</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Postal_history" title="Postal history">postal history</a> materials, official and private <a href="/wiki/Postal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal system">posts</a>, etc., for almost all countries and periods.<a href="#cite_note-pocket-98">[98]</a> Approximately 80,000 items on 6,000 sheets may be viewed in 1,000 display frames; 2,400 sheets are from the Tapling Collection. All other material, which covers the whole world, is available to students and researchers.<a href="#cite_note-pocket-98">[98]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Other_projects">Other projects</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other projects" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> The British Library sponsors or co-sponsors many projects of national and international significance. These include:[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Dunhuang_Project" title="International Dunhuang Project">International Dunhuang Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Archive_Project" title="Theatre Archive Project">Theatre Archive Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_the_British_Library" title="Friends of the British Library">Friends of the British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incunabula_Short_Title_Catalogue" title="Incunabula Short Title Catalogue">Incunabula Short Title Catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library_Preservation_Advisory_Centre" title="British Library Preservation Advisory Centre">British Library Preservation Advisory Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataCite" title="DataCite">DataCite</a>, an international <a href="/wiki/Not-for-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Not-for-profit">not-for-profit</a> organisation which aims to improve <a href="/wiki/Data_citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Data citation">data citation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Archives_Programme" title="Endangered Archives Programme">Endangered Archives Programme</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Highlights_of_the_collections">Highlights of the collections</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Highlights of the collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> Highlights, some of which were selected by the British Library, include:<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1300_BC_–_500_AD">1300 BC – 500 AD</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1300 BC – 500 AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>More than 450 Chinese <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bones" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle bones">oracle bones</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a>, the oldest artefacts in the British Library (1300–1050 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Athenians_(Aristotle)" title="Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle)">Constitution of Athenians</a>, papyrus work describing the constitution of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Classical Athens</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> or one of his pupils, from <a href="/wiki/Hermopolis" title="Hermopolis">Hermopolis</a>, Egypt (78–100 AD)</li> <li>Seven fragmented scrolls from the <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum_papyri" title="Herculaneum papyri">Herculaneum papyri</a> that survived the <a href="/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius" class="mw-redirect" title="Eruption of Mount Vesuvius">Eruption of Mount Vesuvius</a>, (before 79 AD)<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_30" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 30">De bellis macedonicis</a>, fragment of a Latin Codex recording the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a> in an early form of <a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">uncial script</a> (1st–2nd centuries AD)</li> <li>Early manuscript copies of the ancient Greek plays <a href="/wiki/Ichneutae" title="Ichneutae">Ichneutae</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_20" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 20">Iliad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">Oxyrhynchus Papyri</a> (2nd Century AD)<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ran_Buddhist_texts" title="Gandhāran Buddhist texts">Gandhāran Buddhist texts</a>, some of the oldest Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscripts">manuscripts</a> yet discovered (1st–3rd centuries AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Bankes" title="William John Bankes">Bankes</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, one of the longest and best preserved <a href="/wiki/Papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyri">papyri</a> of Homer's literary works surviving from antiquity, containing the bulk of the text of the final book of the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> (2nd century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egerton_Gospel" title="Egerton Gospel">Egerton Gospel</a>, one of the two earliest preserved <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> witnesses to the Christian gospel tradition (2nd century AD)</li> <li>Sixty-six <a href="/wiki/Indian_copper_plate_inscriptions" title="Indian copper plate inscriptions">Indian charters</a> on copper plates, including those from <a href="/wiki/Chamak_copper_plates" title="Chamak copper plates">Chamak</a> and two similar groups of plates from <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> (1st century BC – 13th century AD)</li> <li>Fragments of the <a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Manuscript" title="Spitzer Manuscript">Spitzer Manuscript</a>, the oldest surviving manuscript in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> discovered so far, from the <a href="/wiki/Kizil_Caves" title="Kizil Caves">Kizil Caves</a>, China (200–230 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_208_%2B_1781" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 208 + 1781">Gospel of John Papyrus</a>, early copy of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_according_to_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospel according to John">Gospel according to John</a> from the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, discovered in <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus" title="Oxyrhynchus">Oxyrhynchus</a>, Egypt (250 AD)<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li>Sogdian Ancient Letters, the earliest substantial texts written in <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a>, the language formerly spoken in the area around <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> in present-day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (313–314 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a>, the major portion of the world's second-oldest manuscript of the Bible in <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">koine Greek</a> (330–360 AD)</li> <li>Letters of <a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a>, three fragments from St Cyprian's <a href="/wiki/Epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistles">epistles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">uncial script</a>, part of a Latin Codex from <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>, north Africa (late 4th century AD)<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a>, early manuscript of the Greek Bible containing the majority of the Old Testament and New Testament and one of the four <a href="/wiki/Great_uncial_codices" title="Great uncial codices">Great uncial codices</a> (400–440 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library,_Add_MS_12150" title="British Library, Add MS 12150">Jacob Manuscript</a>, the second oldest extant <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> manuscript and the oldest codex bearing a date in any language, handwritten by the scribe Jacob (411 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curetonian_Gospels" title="Curetonian Gospels">Curetonian Gospels</a>, manuscript of the four gospels of the New Testament in <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Old Syriac</a> (c. 450–470 AD)</li> <li>Fragments of the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Genesis" title="Cotton Genesis">Cotton Genesis</a>, luxury illuminated manuscript copy of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> and one of the oldest illustrated biblical codices to survive to the modern period (4th to 5th centuries AD)</li> <li>Leaf from the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Palatinus" title="Codex Palatinus">Codex Palatinus</a>, Latin Gospel Book written on purple dyed <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a> in gold and silver ink (5th century AD)</li> <li>Maunggun gold plates, two gold strips found at Maunggun near <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ksetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Ksetra">Sri Ksetra</a>, inscribed in the ancient <a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu script</a> and among the earliest Buddhist texts discovered in Myanmar, donated by Sir <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Richards_Fryer" title="Frederick William Richards Fryer">Frederick Fryer</a>, Lieutenant-Governor of Burma (5th century AD)<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li>Seven <a href="/wiki/Folios" class="mw-redirect" title="Folios">folios</a> of a manuscript containing the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> text of the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Sutra" title="Lotus Sutra">Lotus Sutra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada script</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gilgit" title="Gilgit">Gilgit</a>, the earliest paper manuscript from South Asia (5th–7th centuries AD)<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li>Earliest <a href="/wiki/British_Library,_Add._14470" class="mw-redirect" title="British Library, Add. 14470">Syriac manuscript</a> with the complete <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a> text of the New Testament (5th–6th centuries AD)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="500–800_AD">500–800 AD</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 500–800 AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Earliest dated Syriac <a href="/wiki/British_Library,_Add_MS_14459" class="mw-redirect" title="British Library, Add MS 14459">manuscript of the two Gospels</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Library,_Add_MS_14479" class="mw-redirect" title="British Library, Add MS 14479">Peshitta Apostolos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscripts">manuscripts</a> of the Peshitta or <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Syriac Bible</a> (528–534)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library,_Harley_MS_1775" title="British Library, Harley MS 1775">Codex Harleianus</a> or Harley Latin Gospels, one of the earliest manuscripts of the Gospels in Latin, Italy (550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Nitriensis" title="Codex Nitriensis">Codex Nitriensis</a>, Greek New Testament codex containing the Gospel of Luke from the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_St._Mary_Deipara" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastery of St. Mary Deipara">Monastery of St. Mary Deipara</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nitrian_Desert" title="Nitrian Desert">Nitrian Desert</a>, Egypt (c. 550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna_Papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravenna Papyri">Ravenna Papyrus</a>, 2.5m long papyrus scroll in Latin <a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">cursive</a> script with contract for the sale of a property in <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, Italy (dated 3 June 572)<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li>Four leaves from the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Purpureus_Petropolitanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Purpureus Petropolitanus">Codex Purpureus Petropolitanus</a>, a Greek manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospel book">Gospels</a> written on <a href="/wiki/Purple_parchment" title="Purple parchment">purple parchment</a> in silver and gold ink (6th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Canon_Tables" title="London Canon Tables">Golden Cannon Tables</a>, Byzantine illuminated Gospel made in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a> period (6th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang_Go_Manual" title="Dunhuang Go Manual">Dunhuang Go Manual</a>, the earliest surviving manuscript on the strategic <a href="/wiki/Board_game" title="Board game">board game</a> of <a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">Go</a> from Dunhuang, China (6th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askew_Codex" title="Askew Codex">Askew Codex</a>, unique manuscript in the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_script" title="Coptic script">Coptic script</a>, one of three surviving codices containing full copies of all of the <a href="/wiki/Pistis_Sophia" title="Pistis Sophia">gnostic writings</a> (c. 6th century)</li> <li>Three folios from the <a href="/wiki/Uncial_070" title="Uncial 070">Uncial 070</a>, a Greek-Coptic <a href="/wiki/Diglot" class="mw-redirect" title="Diglot">diglot</a> <a href="/wiki/Uncial" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncial">uncial</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> from the <a href="/wiki/White_Monastery" title="White Monastery">White Monastery</a> in Egypt (6th Century)</li> <li>Manuscript copies of the <a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%85k%C4%81vat%C4%81ra_S%C5%ABtra" title="Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra">Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_Tibetan" title="Classical Tibetan">Tibetan</a> languages from <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a> in China (7th to 9th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolfrid_Bible" title="Ceolfrid Bible">Ceolfrid Bible</a>, fragment of one of the three single-volume Bibles ordered by <a href="/wiki/Ceolfrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceolfrid">Ceolfrid</a> and closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Amiatinus" title="Codex Amiatinus">Codex Amiatinus</a> (late 7th – early 8th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang_Star_Chart" title="Dunhuang Star Chart">Dunhuang Star Chart</a>, one of the first known graphical representations of stars from ancient <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">Chinese astronomy</a> (700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels" title="Lindisfarne Gospels">Lindisfarne Gospels</a>, illuminated Latin Gospel book from Anglo-Saxon <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>, one of the finest examples of <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberno-Saxon">Hiberno-Saxon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a> (715–720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book_(British_Library,_Royal_MS_1._B._VII)" title="Gospel Book (British Library, Royal MS 1. B. VII)">Royal Athelstan Gospels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated</a> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a> with <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a> decoration, closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels" title="Lindisfarne Gospels">Lindisfarne Gospels</a> (700–749)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cuthbert_Gospel" title="St Cuthbert Gospel">St Cuthbert Gospel</a>, a Northumbrian gospel book with the oldest Western binding (early 8th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Beneventanus" title="Codex Beneventanus">Codex Beneventanus</a>, illuminated codex containing a Gospel Book for the Monastery of <a href="/wiki/San_Vincenzo_al_Volturno" title="San Vincenzo al Volturno">San Vincenzo al Volturno</a> near <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a>, Italy (739–760)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyakumant%C5%8D_Darani" title="Hyakumantō Darani">Hyakumantō Darani</a> or the "One Million Pagodas and Dharani Prayers", the earliest surviving examples of printing in Japan (764–770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Bede" title="Tiberius Bede">Tiberius Bede</a>, illuminated manuscript of Bede's <a href="/wiki/Historia_ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</a>, produced at <a href="/wiki/Monkwearmouth%E2%80%93Jarrow_Abbey" title="Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey">Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey</a> (8th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho-Corpus_Gospels" title="Otho-Corpus Gospels">Otho-Corpus Gospels</a>, fragments of an <a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">insular</a> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a>, the best preserved page representing an <a href="/wiki/Evangelist_portrait" title="Evangelist portrait">Evangelist portrait</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Saint_Mark" title="Lion of Saint Mark">Lion of Saint Mark</a> (8th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian_Psalter" title="Vespasian Psalter">Vespasian Psalter</a>, Anglo-Saxon illuminated psalter decorated in <a href="/wiki/Insular_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular style">Insular style</a>, belonging to a group of manuscripts from southern England known as the Tiberius group, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Bede" title="Tiberius Bede">Tiberius Bede</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nunnaminster" title="Book of Nunnaminster">Book of Nunnaminster</a> (late 8th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book_(British_Library,_Add_MS_40618)" title="Gospel Book (British Library, Add MS 40618)">London Gospel Book</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_Manuscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminated Manuscript">illuminated</a> Pocket Book of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Gospels">Four Gospels</a> with <a href="/wiki/Evangelist_portrait" title="Evangelist portrait">Evangelist portraits</a>, made in Ireland with later Anglo-Saxon additions (late 8th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moralia_in_Job_(British_Library,_Add_MS_31031)" title="Moralia in Job (British Library, Add MS 31031)">Moralia in Job</a> by <a href="/wiki/St_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="St Gregory">St Gregory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Theological_miscellany_(British_Library,_Add_MS_43460)" title="Theological miscellany (British Library, Add MS 43460)">Theological Works</a> of St <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Jerome" class="mw-redirect" title="St Jerome">St Jerome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodianus">Commodianus</a>, two theological manuscripts produced in <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a>, France and <a href="/wiki/Nonantola" title="Nonantola">Nonantola</a> Italy respectively (late 8th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarabic Chronicle">Mozarabic Chronicle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visigothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigothic">Visigothic</a> minuscule written by <a href="/wiki/Mozarab" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarab">Mozarab</a> chronicler in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>, with the earliest known reference in Latin to "Europeans" (europenses) (late 8th century)<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li>One of the oldest and most complete surviving <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> codices in the world, produced in the <a href="/wiki/Hijazi_script" title="Hijazi script">Hijazi script</a> in the Hijaz region of Arabia where the holy places of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> are. (8th century)<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="800–1000_AD">800–1000 AD</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 800–1000 AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schuttern_Gospels" title="Schuttern Gospels">Schuttern Gospels</a>, an early illuminated gospel book produced in <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a>, Germany (early 9th century)</li> <li>Aethelstan Psalter, small book of psalms made near <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>, once owned by King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan" title="Æthelstan">Æthelstan</a> of Wessex and given by him to <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral" title="Winchester Cathedral">Winchester Cathedral</a> (early 9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Liber_Vitae" title="Durham Liber Vitae">Durham Liber Vitae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confraternity_book" title="Confraternity book">confraternity book</a>, recording the names of visitors to the church of the bishopric of <a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a>, and its predecessor sees at <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chester-le-Street" title="Chester-le-Street">Chester-le-Street</a> (early 9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Golden_Gospels" title="Harley Golden Gospels">Harley Golden Gospels</a>, Carolingian illuminated manuscript written in gold ink, produced in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, Germany (800–825)</li> <li>Earliest surviving copy of <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a>'s <a href="/wiki/De_architectura" title="De architectura">De architectura</a>, Carolingian manuscript made at the <a href="/wiki/Scriptorium" title="Scriptorium">scriptorium</a> attached to the court of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> in Aachen, Germany (800–825)</li> <li>Old <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Annals" title="Tibetan Annals">Tibetan Annals</a>, the earliest surviving historical document in <a href="/wiki/Old_Tibetan" title="Old Tibetan">Old Tibetan</a>, covering the period from 643 to 764 AD (800–840)</li> <li>Harley Aratea, Carolingian copy of Phaenomena Aratea by the Greek poet <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, with 22 full-page representations of the <a href="/wiki/Constellations" class="mw-redirect" title="Constellations">constellations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Calligram" title="Calligram">text</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scholia" title="Scholia">scholia</a> within the shapes, from Rheims, France (820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Gospel_Book_(British_Library,_Add_MS_11848)" title="Carolingian Gospel Book (British Library, Add MS 11848)">Fridugisus Gospel Book</a>, illuminated <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a> Latin Gospel Book produced at <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> under the abbacy of <a href="/wiki/Fridugisus" title="Fridugisus">Fridugisus</a> with original <a href="/wiki/Treasure_binding" title="Treasure binding">treasure binding</a> (820–830)</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_de_Moutier-Grandval" class="extiw" title="fr:Bible de Moutier-Grandval">Bible</a> from <a href="/wiki/Moutier-Grandval_Abbey" title="Moutier-Grandval Abbey">Moutier-Grandval Abbey</a>, one of three illustrated bibles containing the text of the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> made at the scriptorium of Tours in the ninth century, France (840)</li> <li>Lothair Psalter, sumptuous Carolingian manuscript with original <a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">binding</a> furnishing a large silver-gilt <a href="/wiki/Medallion" class="mw-redirect" title="Medallion">medallion</a> of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> (840–855)<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li>An early copy of the Qur'an in <a href="/wiki/Kufic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kufic script">Kufic script</a>, with beginnings of elements of Arabic illumination and decoration, possibly from <a href="/wiki/Al-Kufah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kufah">al-Kufah</a>, Iraq (850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Sutra" title="Diamond Sutra">Diamond Sutra</a>, the world's earliest-dated printed book<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> printed during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (868)</li> <li>Codex Ulmensis, manuscript in <a href="/wiki/Caroline_minuscule" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline minuscule">Caroline minuscule</a> containing the <a href="/wiki/Epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistles">Epistles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a>, produced at the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_library_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey library of Saint Gall">monastic centre</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_of_Saint_Gall" title="Hartmut of Saint Gall">Abbot Harmut</a> in <a href="/wiki/St_Gallen" class="mw-redirect" title="St Gallen">St Gallen</a>, Switzerland (872–878)<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodmin_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodmin Gospels">Bodmin Gospels</a>, illuminated gospel-book copied in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and owned by the <a href="/wiki/Parish_Church_of_St_Mary_and_St_Petroc" title="Parish Church of St Mary and St Petroc">Priory of St Petroc</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bodmin" title="Bodmin">Bodmin</a>, Cornwall, with recording of the freeing of slaves entered on some pages (875)</li> <li>Anglo-Saxon copy of <a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a>'s Historiae Adversus Paganos with enlarged zoomorphic initials, produced at the <a href="/wiki/Scriptorium" title="Scriptorium">scriptorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral" title="Winchester Cathedral">Winchester Cathedral</a>, England (892–925)<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Gospel_Book_(British_Library,_MS_Egerton_609)" title="Breton Gospel Book (British Library, MS Egerton 609)">Marmoutiers Gospel Book</a>, illuminated manuscript mixing Insular and Carolingian styles produced in Brittany or Tours, western France (late 9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Seidelianus_I" title="Codex Seidelianus I">Codex Seidelianus I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> uncial manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospels">Gospels</a> containing 252 parchment leaves (9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irq_Bitig" class="mw-redirect" title="Irq Bitig">Irq Bitig</a> or Book of Omens from the Mogao Caves in <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a>, China, the only known complete manuscript text written in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic script</a> (9th century)</li> <li>Gospels of Elisha, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a> gospels commissioned by Lord Elisha, one of the earliest gospels written in the Armenian language (c. 900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Gospels_(British_Library,_Cotton_MS_Tiberius_A.ii)" title="Coronation Gospels (British Library, Cotton MS Tiberius A.ii)">Coronation Gospels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a> illuminated Gospel book gifted to <a href="/wiki/King_Athelstan" class="mw-redirect" title="King Athelstan">King Athelstan</a> (late 9th or early 10th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Ba" title="Testament of Ba">Testament of Ba</a>, manuscript written in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Tibetan" title="Classical Tibetan">Old Tibetan</a> marking the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> in Tibet and the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Samye_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Samye Monastery">Samye Monastery</a> during the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Trisong_Detsen" title="Trisong Detsen">Trisong Detsen</a> (9th–10th centuries)</li> <li>Passionarium Hispanicum, illuminated <a href="/wiki/Passional" class="mw-redirect" title="Passional">Passional</a> manuscript in <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_minuscule" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigothic minuscule">Visigothic minuscule</a> from the Monastery of <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Carde%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pedro de Cardeña">San Pedro de Cardeña</a> near Burgos, northern Spain, (911 AD)<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Guest,_1st_Viscount_Wimborne" title="Ivor Guest, 1st Viscount Wimborne">Guest</a>-<a href="/wiki/Angela_Burdett-Coutts,_1st_Baroness_Burdett-Coutts" title="Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts">Coutts</a> New Testament, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> illuminated manuscript of the New Testament in Greek, with silver-gilt cover, Constantinople (mid 10th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bald%27s_Leechbook" title="Bald's Leechbook">Bald's Leechbook</a> or Medicinale Anglicum, unique Anglo-Saxon manuscript pertaining to medical remedies, diagnoses and charms (mid 10th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictional_of_St._%C3%86thelwold" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictional of St. Æthelwold">Benedictional of St. Æthelwold</a>, the most important surviving work of the Anglo-Saxon Winchester School of illumination (963–984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Minster_Charter" title="New Minster Charter">New Minster Charter</a>, Anglo-Saxon illuminated manuscript with gold lettering, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_of_Winchester" title="Æthelwold of Winchester">Bishop Æthelwold</a> and presented to the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral" title="Winchester Cathedral">New Minster</a> in Winchester by <a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_Peaceful" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Peaceful">King Edgar</a> to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> Reform (966)</li> <li>Lei feng ta scroll, early printed document found walled up in the <a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng Pagoda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, China (975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Psalter" title="Ramsey Psalter">Ramsey Psalter</a>, Anglo-Saxon illuminated psalter made for use at the Benedictine monastery of <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Abbey" title="Ramsey Abbey">Ramsey Abbey</a> for its founder <a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Worcester" title="Oswald of Worcester">St Oswald</a> (late 10th century)</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psautier_de_Bosworth" class="extiw" title="fr:Psautier de Bosworth">Bosworth Psalter</a>, oldest English manuscript that includes all of the important texts of the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> Office, from <a href="/wiki/Bosworth_Hall_(Husbands_Bosworth)" title="Bosworth Hall (Husbands Bosworth)">Bosworth Hall</a>, Leicestershire (late 10th century)<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>The sole surviving <a href="/wiki/Nowell_Codex" title="Nowell Codex">manuscript copy</a> of the poem <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a>, one of four extant Anglo-Saxon poetry manuscripts (975–1025)<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Orientales_4445" title="Codex Orientales 4445">London Codex</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hebrew_Bible_manuscripts" title="List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts">First Gaster</a> Bible: two of the oldest surviving Hebrew biblical codices, <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and Egypt (10th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuastvanift" title="Xuastvanift">Xuastvanift</a>, a confessional book of <a href="/wiki/Manichaean" class="mw-redirect" title="Manichaean">Manichaean</a> Uyghurs, one of the most complete manuscripts among the <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur">Old Uyghur</a> Manichaean texts (1000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000–1200_AD">1000–1200 AD</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 1000–1200 AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Illustrated copy of <a href="/wiki/Prudentius" title="Prudentius">Prudentius</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Psychomachia" title="Psychomachia">Psychomachia</a> or "Battle of the Soul", the first allegorical work in European literature (late 10th-early 11th centuries)</li> <li>Seven of the nine surviving manuscripts of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a> (10th–12th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemming%27s_Cartulary" title="Hemming's Cartulary">Hemming's Cartulary</a>, manuscript <a href="/wiki/Cartulary" title="Cartulary">cartulary</a> or collection of <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">charters</a> and other land records, collected by a monk named <a href="/wiki/Hemming_(monk)" title="Hemming (monk)">Hemming</a> at <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Cathedral" title="Worcester Cathedral">Worcester Cathedral</a> around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a> (10th–12th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burney_(schoolmaster)" title="Charles Burney (schoolmaster)">Burney</a> Gospels, illuminated copy of the Greek Gospels by the <a href="/wiki/Kokkinobaphos_Master" title="Kokkinobaphos Master">Kokkinobaphos Master</a>, once owned by the imperial <a href="/wiki/Comnenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Comnenus">Comnenus</a> family in Constantinople (10th-12th centuries)<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li>Grimbald Gospels, luxury gospel-book with gold initials and silver decoration made by <a href="/wiki/Eadwig_Basan" title="Eadwig Basan">Eadwig Basan</a>, a monk at <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Canterbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ Church, Canterbury">Christ Church, Canterbury</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/Grimbald" title="Grimbald">Grimbald</a> of Saint-Bertin who was recommended in a letter that accompanied the volume to <a href="/wiki/King_Alfred_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="King Alfred the Great">King Alfred the Great</a> by <a href="/wiki/Fulk_(archbishop_of_Reims)" title="Fulk (archbishop of Reims)">Fulk</a>, archbishop of Reims (1012–1023)</li> <li>Manuscript copy of <a href="/wiki/Liber_Scintillarum" title="Liber Scintillarum">Liber Scintillarum</a> or Book of Sparks, <a href="/wiki/Patristic_anthology" title="Patristic anthology">patristic anthology</a> of biblical sayings in Latin from <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Cathedral" title="Rochester Cathedral">Rochester Cathedral</a> (1015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Psalter" title="Harley Psalter">Harley Psalter</a>, earliest of three surviving medieval copies of the Carolingian <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Psalter" title="Utrecht Psalter">Utrecht Psalter</a> (1020–1040)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harleian_Library" title="Harleian Library">Harley</a> Echternach Gospels and <a href="/wiki/Egerton_Collection" title="Egerton Collection">Egerton</a> Echternach Gospels, two lavishly illuminated Gospel Books produced at the Benedictine <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Echternach" title="Abbey of Echternach">Abbey of St Willibrord</a> in <a href="/wiki/Echternach" title="Echternach">Echternach</a>, Luxembourg, (1025–1075)<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Minster_Liber_Vitae" title="New Minster Liber Vitae">New Minster Liber Vitae</a>, confraternity book produced in <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a> recording the names of visitors to the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral" title="Winchester Cathedral">New Minster</a> with a celebrated image of King <a href="/wiki/Cnut_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnut the Great">Cnut the Great</a> and Queen <a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a> (1031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encomium_Emmae_Reginae" title="Encomium Emmae Reginae">Encomium Emmae Reginae</a>, lavishly illustrated Latin <a href="/wiki/Encomium" title="Encomium">encomium</a> in honour of Queen <a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a>, consort of kings <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_the_Unready" title="Æthelred the Unready">Æthelred the Unready</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cnut_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnut the Great">Cnut the Great</a> of England, and mother of kings <a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Harthacnut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> (1041)</li> <li>Odalricus Peccator Lectionary, illuminated <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">lectionary</a> with gold inscriptions by Odalricus Peccator at <a href="/wiki/Lorsch_Abbey" title="Lorsch Abbey">Lorsch Abbey</a>, Germany (1000–1050)<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Psalter" title="Tiberius Psalter">Tiberius Psalter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stowe_Psalter" title="Stowe Psalter">Stowe Psalter</a>, two of four surviving Gallican psalters produced at the <a href="/wiki/New_Minster" class="mw-redirect" title="New Minster">New Minster</a>, Winchester in the years around the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1050)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Psalter" title="Theodore Psalter">Theodore Psalter</a>, one of the richest illuminated manuscripts to survive from <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> (1066)</li> <li>Codex of the Lives of the Saints in the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian script">Georgian script</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Cross" title="Monastery of the Cross">Holy Cross Monastery</a>, Jerusalem, including unique copies of works by <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Scythopolis" title="Cyril of Scythopolis">Cyril of Scythopolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a> (11th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Hexateuch" title="Old English Hexateuch">Old English Hexateuch</a>, late Anglo-Saxon period translation of the six books of the <a href="/wiki/Hexateuch" title="Hexateuch">Hexateuch</a> into <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>, made under the tutelage of <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_of_Eynsham" title="Ælfric of Eynsham">Ælfric of Eynsham</a> (11th century)</li> <li>Giant medieval bibles such as the <a href="/wiki/Arnstein" title="Arnstein">Arnstein</a> Bible, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_de_Floreffe" class="extiw" title="fr:Bible de Floreffe">Floreffe Bible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> Bible, <a href="/wiki/Parc_Abbey_Bible" title="Parc Abbey Bible">Parc Abbey Bible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester</a> Bible,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stavelot_Bible" title="Stavelot Bible">Stavelot Bible</a> and <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenthaler_Bibel" class="extiw" title="de:Frankenthaler Bibel">Worms Bible</a> (11th–12th centuries)</li> <li>Latin–Old Cornish Glossary, an early Cornish-Latin glossary with the oldest complete text in the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish language</a> (11th–12th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Saba" title="Mar Saba">Mar Saba</a> Psalter, Byzantine Book of Psalms with full-page miniatures from the Monastery of Mar Saba near <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, (1090 AD)<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatus_de_Silos" class="extiw" title="fr:Beatus de Silos">Silos Apocalypse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silos_Apocalypse" class="mw-redirect" title="Silos Apocalypse">commentary</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> from <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_de_Silos" title="Santo Domingo de Silos">Santo Domingo de Silos</a> near <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>, northern Spain (1091–1109)</li> <li>Préaux Gospels, luxury copy of the Four Gospels produced under the leadership of abbot Richard of Fourneaux, a student of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anselm" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Anselm">Saint Anselm</a>, at the Benedictine <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9aux_Abbey" title="Préaux Abbey">abbey of St Pierre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Les_Pr%C3%A9aux" title="Les Préaux">Préaux</a>, Normandy (early 12th century)</li> <li>Shaftesbury Psalter, illuminated <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Psalms">Book of Psalms</a> made for use at the Benedictine nunnery of <a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Abbey" title="Shaftesbury Abbey">Shaftesbury Abbey</a> in Dorset, perhaps originally owned by Queen <a href="/wiki/Adeliza_of_Louvain" title="Adeliza of Louvain">Adeliza of Louvain</a>, widow of <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a> (1125–1150)</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartulaire_de_Quimperl%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Cartulaire de Quimperlé">Cartulary of Quimperlé</a> from the abbey of the Holy Cross at <a href="/wiki/Quimperl%C3%A9" title="Quimperlé">Quimperlé</a>, important <a href="/wiki/Cartulary" title="Cartulary">source</a> for the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Brittany" title="History of Brittany">history of Brittany</a> during the Middle Ages (1125–1150)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melisende_Psalter" title="Melisende Psalter">Melisende Psalter</a>, illuminated manuscript commissioned in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem for <a href="/wiki/Queen_Melisende" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Melisende">Queen Melisende</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1135)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospels_of_M%C3%A1el_Brigte" title="Gospels of Máel Brigte">Gospels of Máel Brigte</a> or Armagh Gospels, illuminated <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a> produced by a scribe named Máel Brigte úa Máel Úanaig in <a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a>, Ireland (1138–1139)</li> <li>Leaf from the <a href="/wiki/Eadwine_Psalter" title="Eadwine Psalter">Eadwine Psalter</a>, one of the most decorated psalters from medieval England, named after the scribe Eadwine, a monk from <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a> (1155–1160)</li> <li>Gospels of Simeon, gospels written in an early form of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian script">Armenian script</a> or Erkatagir by a monk named Simeon, collected by the traveller <a href="/wiki/William_Burckhardt_Barker" title="William Burckhardt Barker">William B. Barker</a> (1166)</li> <li>Fragment of the luxurious <a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a> of <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a> with text written in gold on purple parchment and scenes of months and <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a> signs (1168–1189)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Guthlac">Guthlac</a> Roll, strip of parchment containing 18 <a href="/wiki/Roundels" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundels">roundels</a> depicting the life of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> saint[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">which?</a>], from <a href="/wiki/Crowland_Abbey" title="Crowland Abbey">Crowland Abbey</a>, Lincolnshire (1175–1215)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Psalter" title="Winchester Psalter">Winchester Psalter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> illuminated psalter made for <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Blois" title="Henry of Blois">Henry of Blois</a>, brother of <a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">King Stephen</a> (12th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_General%27s_Garden_(Tangut_translation)" title="The General's Garden (Tangut translation)">The General's Garden</a> scroll, unique manuscript translation in the <a href="/wiki/Tangut_language" title="Tangut language">Tangut language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">script</a> of a Chinese military text, collected from the abandoned fortress city of <a href="/wiki/Khara-Khoto" title="Khara-Khoto">Khara-Khoto</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aurel_Stein" title="Aurel Stein">Aurel Stein</a> in 1914 (12th century)</li> <li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annalen_van_Egmond" class="extiw" title="nl:Annalen van Egmond">Annals of Egmond Abbey</a>, the earliest manuscript copy in Latin of the annals from <a href="/wiki/Egmond_Abbey" title="Egmond Abbey">Egmond Abbey</a>, a significant source for the early <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Netherlands">history of the Netherlands</a> (late 12th/early 13th centuries)<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1200–1300_AD">1200–1300 AD</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 1200–1300 AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Avag Vank Gospels, lavishly illuminated manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Gospels">Four Gospels</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian language</a>, eastern Turkey (1200–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Psalter" title="Westminster Psalter">Westminster Psalter</a>, illuminated manuscript commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Abbot_of_Westminster" title="Abbot of Westminster">Abbot of Westminster</a> and the oldest surviving psalter used at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1200)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacuinum_Sanitatis" title="Tacuinum Sanitatis">Tacuinum Sanitatis</a>, "The Maintenance of Health", a medical digest composed by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Butlan" title="Ibn Butlan">Ibn Butlan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> for <a href="/wiki/Az-Zahir_Ghazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Az-Zahir Ghazi">al-Malik al-Ẓāhir</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> (1213)</li> <li>Two first edition copies of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a> out of 4 remaining copies (1215)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Bestiary" title="Rochester Bestiary">Rochester Bestiary</a>, richly illuminated manuscript of a medieval <a href="/wiki/Bestiary" title="Bestiary">bestiary</a>, a book describing the appearance and habits of familiar and exotic animals, both real and legendary, Rochester, Kent (1220–1230)</li> <li>Reissue of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_Forest" title="Charter of the Forest">Charter of the Forest</a> that re-established for <a href="/wiki/Free_tenant" title="Free tenant">free men</a> rights of access to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_forest" title="Royal forest">royal forest</a> (1225)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Boyle" title="Annals of Boyle">Annals of Boyle</a>, Irish medieval chronicle from <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Abbey,_Lough_Key" title="Holy Trinity Abbey, Lough Key">Trinity Island</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lough_Key" title="Lough Key">Lough Key</a> near <a href="/wiki/Boyle,_County_Roscommon" title="Boyle, County Roscommon">Boyle, County Roscommon</a> (1235)</li> <li>Part of the Oxford-Paris-London <a href="/wiki/Bible_moralis%C3%A9e" title="Bible moralisée">Bible moralisée</a>, luxury illuminated manuscript commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a> for <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Margaret of Provence</a> (1230–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Brailes" class="mw-redirect" title="De Brailes">De Brailes</a> Hours, earliest surviving English <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Hours">Book of Hours</a>, once owned by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dyson_Perrins" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Dyson Perrins">Charles Dyson Perrins</a> (1240)<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahzor_Vitry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahzor Vitry">Mahzor Vitry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liturgical" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical">liturgical</a> manuscript written in <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazic">Ashkenazic</a> script, unique compendium of Jewish prayers for the entire year according to the north French rite and a host of laws on everyday practices (1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felbrigge_Psalter" title="Felbrigge Psalter">Felbrigge Psalter</a>, illuminated manuscript with the earliest <a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">embroidered</a> <a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">bookbinding</a> on an English book, from <a href="/wiki/Felbrigg_Hall" title="Felbrigg Hall">Felbrigg Hall</a>, Norfolk (mid 13th century)</li> <li>Third part of the <a href="/wiki/Chronica_Majora" title="Chronica Majora">Chronica Majora</a> or history of the world by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Paris" title="Matthew Paris">Matthew Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> monk and celebrated historian from <a href="/wiki/St_Albans_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans Abbey">St Albans Abbey</a> (1254–1259)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Manners,_5th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland">Rutland</a> Psalter, earliest extant example of an English <a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a> with extensive marginal imagery, London (1260)<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumer_is_icumen_in" title="Sumer is icumen in">Sumer is icumen in</a>, manuscript copy of a <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">musical composition</a> composed at <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a>, oldest known <a href="/wiki/Musical_round" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical round">musical round</a> yet discovered, with <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> words (1261–1265)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Mann" title="Chronicles of Mann">Chronicles of Mann</a>, medieval Latin manuscript relating the early history of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> (1262)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscott_Psalter" title="Oscott Psalter">Oscott Psalter</a>, English manuscript with scenes from the Bible and some of the most striking paintings of the period (1265–1270)<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dering_Roll" title="Dering Roll">Dering Roll</a>, the oldest English roll of arms surviving in its original form (1270–80)</li> <li>Grandisson Psalter, once owned by <a href="/wiki/John_Grandisson" title="John Grandisson">John Grandisson</a>, Bishop of Exeter and bequeathed to <a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Countess_of_Bedford" title="Isabella, Countess of Bedford">Princess Isabella</a>, eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward III">King Edward III</a> (1270–80)</li> <li>Hispano-Moresque <a href="/wiki/Haggadah" title="Haggadah">Haggadah</a>, illuminated <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> Haggadah manuscript with 66 full-page illustrations depicting episodes from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a>, made in <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a>, Spain (1280)<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldingham" title="Coldingham">Coldingham</a> <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a>, illuminated liturgical book made for <a href="/wiki/Coldingham_Priory" title="Coldingham Priory">Coldingham Priory</a>, Berwickshire (1275–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Owl_and_the_Nightingale" title="The Owl and the Nightingale">The Owl and the Nightingale</a>, one of the earliest substantial texts to be written in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> (1275–1300)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_French_Hebrew_Miscellany" title="North French Hebrew Miscellany">North French Hebrew Miscellany</a>, important Hebrew illuminated manuscript containing a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew language</a> texts (1278–98)</li> <li>Alphonso Psalter, ornate illuminated manuscript made for <a href="/wiki/Alphonso,_Earl_of_Chester" title="Alphonso, Earl of Chester">Prince Alphonso</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Edward_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward I">Edward I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor of Castile</a>, for his betrothal to Margaret, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Floris_V,_Count_of_Holland" title="Floris V, Count of Holland">Floris V, Count of Holland</a> and Zeeland (1284)</li> <li>Collection of <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> commentaries by Rabbinic scholar <a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Melchizedek" title="Isaac ben Melchizedek">Isaac ben Melchizedek</a> from <a href="/wiki/Siponto" title="Siponto">Siponto</a>, Italy (1287–1288)</li> <li>Copy of <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a>'s Ibtidānamah, said in a note by the Mughal prince <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a> to be an autograph copy (1298)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a> of Sainte-Chapelle, illuminated collection of Gospel passages read during mass-produced for the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Chapelle, Paris">Sainte-Chapelle, Paris</a> (late 13th century)<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9camp_Bible" title="Fécamp Bible">Fécamp Bible</a>, largely intact illuminated bible originally from the Abbey of <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9camp" title="Fécamp">Fécamp</a>, Normandy (late 13th century)</li> <li>Copy of <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Sufi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi">Abd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī</a>'s Kitāb Ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thābitah, an illustrated description of the 48 classical constellations in Ptolemy's Almagest (13th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Melrose" title="Chronicle of Melrose">Chronicle of Melrose</a>, medieval <a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicle</a> written by monks at <a href="/wiki/Melrose_Abbey" title="Melrose Abbey">Melrose Abbey</a> with the earliest independent account of the sealing of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a> (late 13th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Percy" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Percy">Percy</a> Psalter-Hours, rare and early example of an illuminated <a href="/wiki/Devotional_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Devotional book">devotional book</a> from <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, northern England (late 13th century)</li> <li>Rare manuscript of a <a href="/wiki/Qur%27%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'ān">Qur'ān</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maghribi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghribi script">maghribi script</a> from <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>, Volume 39 of 60 volumes, originally produced in <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a>, Spain (13th century)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1300–1400_AD">1300–1400 AD</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 1300–1400 AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>One of the <a href="/wiki/Grandes_Chroniques_de_France" title="Grandes Chroniques de France">Grandes Chroniques de France</a>, once owned by <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II of France</a>, vernacular royal compilation of the history of France (1300–1399)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Augustus_Frederick,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex">Duke of Sussex</a>'s German <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a>, Hebrew manuscript richly decorated with mythical beasts in the margins, southern Germany (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1300)</li> <li>The Gwentian Code of the Welsh Law or <a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Book of Cyfnerth</a>, medieval legal manuscript in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> produced in <a href="/wiki/Neath" title="Neath">Neath</a>, south Wales (1300–1325)</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machsor_Tripartitum" class="extiw" title="de:Machsor Tripartitum">Tripartite Maḥzor</a>, one of three volumes from a festival prayer book for the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Weeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of Weeks">Feast of Weeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Tabernacles" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Tabernacles">Feast of the Tabernacles</a>, written in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> in southern Germany (1300–1329)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> of Renaud de Bar, originally owned by <a href="/wiki/Reginald_of_Bar_(bishop_of_Metz)" title="Reginald of Bar (bishop of Metz)">Reginald of Bar</a>, Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (1302–1303)</li> <li>Mamluk <a href="/wiki/Baibars_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars II">Sultan Baybars II</a>'s seven-volume Qur'an written in gold in <a href="/wiki/Thuluth_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuluth script">thuluth script</a>, the earliest dated Qur'an from the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk period">Mamluk period</a>, Cairo (1304–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juz%27" title="Juz'">Part</a> 25 of the Qur'ān commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ljait%C3%BC" title="Öljaitü">Sultan Öljaitü</a>, written in a fine gold <a href="/wiki/Muhaqqaq" title="Muhaqqaq">muhaqqaq</a> script with illuminated frontispiece. Mosul, Iraq (1310–1311)</li> <li>Original manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Ordinances_of_1311" title="Ordinances of 1311">Ordinances of 1311</a>, series of regulations imposed upon <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_II" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward II">King Edward II</a> by the nobility and clergy (1311)<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stowe_Breviary" title="Stowe Breviary">Stowe Breviary</a>, illuminated manuscript <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">breviary</a> from England, providing divine office according to the <a href="/wiki/Sarum_Ordinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarum Ordinal">Sarum Ordinal</a> and calendar (1320–1330)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hours_of_Saint-Omer" title="Hours of Saint-Omer">Hours of Saint-Omer</a>, illuminated book of hours produced in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Omer" title="Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a>, northern France for the use of <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Baug%C3%A9" title="Marguerite de Baugé">Marguerite de Beaujeu</a> (1320–1330)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taymouth_Hours" title="Taymouth Hours">Taymouth Hours</a>, illuminated <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Hours">Book of Hours</a> produced in England with unusually rich decoration, named after <a href="/wiki/Taymouth_Castle" title="Taymouth Castle">Taymouth Castle</a> in Scotland where it was kept for centuries (1325–1335)</li> <li>Illuminated manuscript of <a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norman_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman French">Norman French</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wace" title="Wace">Wace</a>, the earliest surviving vernacular chronicle of <a href="/wiki/British_history" class="mw-redirect" title="British history">British history</a>, with the earliest depiction of <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> (1325–1350)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a> of Queen Philippa, illuminated manuscript probably made as a gift for <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a> to mark her marriage to <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a> (1328)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holkham_Bible" title="Holkham Bible">Holkham Bible</a> with illustrated collection of biblical and apocryphal stories in <a href="/wiki/Norman_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman French">Norman French</a>, from Holkham Hall, Norfolk (1327–1335)</li> <li>Regia Carmina, address in verse to <a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Anjou,_King_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert of Anjou, King of Naples">Robert of Anjou, King of Naples</a> from the town of <a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a> in Tuscany, written by <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenevole_da_Prato" class="extiw" title="it:Convenevole da Prato">Convenevole da Prato</a> and illuminated by <a href="/wiki/Pacino_di_Buonaguida" title="Pacino di Buonaguida">Pacino di Buonaguida</a> (1335–1340)</li> <li>An early manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a>,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> containing basic text of the first five books of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan script</a>, Damascus, Syria (1339)</li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithfield_Decretals" class="extiw" title="it:Smithfield Decretals">Smithfield Decretals</a>, copy of the glossed <a href="/wiki/Decretales_Gregorii_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretales Gregorii IX">Decretals of Pope Gregory IX</a>, renowned for its extraordinary programme of marginal illumination, once owned by <a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew-the-Great" title="St Bartholomew-the-Great">St Bartholomew-the-Great</a> church in Smithfield (1340)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Haggadah" title="Golden Haggadah">Golden Haggadah</a>, <a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagad%C3%A0_de_Barcelona" class="extiw" title="ca:Hagadà de Barcelona">Barcelona Haggadah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Sister Haggadah<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> and Brother Haggadah,<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> four illuminated manuscripts for the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Passover" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Passover">Jewish Passover</a> from <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> (early 14th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorleston_Psalter" title="Gorleston Psalter">Gorleston Psalter</a>, illuminated manuscript containing early music instruction and humorous marginalia (early 14th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_Psalter" title="Queen Mary Psalter">Queen Mary Psalter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luttrell_Psalter" title="Luttrell Psalter">Luttrell Psalter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Psalter_and_Hours" title="Howard Psalter and Hours">Howard Psalter and Hours</a>, three lavishly illuminated Gothic manuscripts (early 14th century)</li> <li>Illustrated copy of <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAj%C4%81%27ib_al-makhl%C5%ABq%C4%81t_wa_ghar%C4%81%27ib_al-mawj%C5%ABd%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="ʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt">ʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt</a> or "Wonders of Creation" by <a href="/wiki/Zakariya_al-Qazwini" title="Zakariya al-Qazwini">Zakariya al-Qazwini</a> (early 14th century)<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Hours" title="Maastricht Hours">Maastricht Hours</a>, book of hours made in <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, remarkable for its large number of vibrant illuminations (early 14th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildare_Poems" title="Kildare Poems">Kildare Poems</a>, group of sixteen poems written in an Irish dialect of <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>, one of the earliest manuscripts in <a href="/wiki/Irish_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish English">Irish English</a>, Kildare, Ireland (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1350)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serres" title="Serres">Serres</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetraevangelion" title="Tetraevangelion">Gospels</a>, made by <a href="/wiki/Kalist_Rasoder" title="Kalist Rasoder">Kalist Rasoder</a> for <a href="/wiki/Jakov_of_Serres" title="Jakov of Serres">Jakov of Serres</a> and written in the Serbian recension of <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> (1354)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospels_of_Tsar_Ivan_Alexander" title="Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander">Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander</a>, the most important medieval Bulgarian manuscript (1355–1356)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertsbridge_Codex" title="Robertsbridge Codex">Robertsbridge Codex</a>, earliest surviving music manuscript written specifically for keyboard, <a href="/wiki/Robertsbridge" title="Robertsbridge">Robertsbridge</a>, East Sussex (1360)</li> <li>Coronation book of <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V of France</a>, sumptuous illustrated manuscript recording the rituals of a royal <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronation</a> (1365)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherborne_Missal" title="Sherborne Missal">Sherborne Missal</a>, one of the finest English examples of <a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a> illuminated manuscripts (1385–1415)</li> <li>Korean manuscript of volume 32 of the <a href="/wiki/Avatamsaka_Sutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Avatamsaka Sutra">Avatamsaka Sutra</a>, written on gold pigment for a royal patron (1390)</li> <li>Illustrated <a href="/wiki/Persian_miniature" title="Persian miniature">Persian</a> manuscript of three of the five poems from the <a href="/wiki/Hamsa_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamsa (literature)">Khamsa</a> by <a href="/wiki/Khwaju_Kermani" title="Khwaju Kermani">Khvājū Kirmānī</a> (1396)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kashshaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kashshaf">Al-Kashshaf</a>, a commentary on the Qurʻān by <a href="/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari" title="Al-Zamakhshari">al-Zamakhshari</a> (14th century)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1400–1500_AD">1400–1500 AD</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 1400–1500 AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Manuscript" title="Pearl Manuscript">Manuscript</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Sir Gawain and the Green Knight">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</a>, one of the earliest illustrated English literary works (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1400)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library,_Add_MS_29987" title="British Library, Add MS 29987">London Manuscript</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscan</a> musical manuscript containing some of the earliest purely instrumental pieces in the Western musical tradition (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1400)</li> <li>The Life and Acts of Lalibela, Ethiopian manuscript of the history of <a href="/wiki/Lalibela_(Emperor_of_Ethiopia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lalibela (Emperor of Ethiopia)">King Lalibela</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lasta" title="Lasta">Lasta</a> (1400)</li> <li>Lovell <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a>, illuminated codex painted by John Siferwas, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> friar and illuminator of the <a href="/wiki/Sherborne_Missal" title="Sherborne Missal">Sherborne Missal</a>, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Baron_Lovel" title="Baron Lovel">John, Lord Lovell, of Titchmarsh</a> (1400–1408)</li> <li>Copy of <a href="/wiki/British_Library,_Stowe_MS_54_(Histoire_ancienne)" title="British Library, Stowe MS 54 (Histoire ancienne)">Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César</a>, historical illuminated manuscript recounting tales of the ancient world, especially the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> and the greatness of ancient Rome (1400–25)</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heures_Egerton" class="extiw" title="fr:Heures Egerton">Hours of René of Anjou</a>, illuminated manuscript made in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> acquired by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_of_Anjou" title="René of Anjou">René</a>, Duke of Anjou and King of Naples (1405–1410)</li> <li>Great Bible, at over half metre long the largest manuscript of the Bible in the British Library's collection, once owned by <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV of England</a> (early 15th century)</li> <li><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Bellunensis" class="extiw" title="la:Codex Bellunensis">Codex Bellunensis</a>, illustrated <a href="/wiki/Florilegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Florilegia">florilegia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_florilegia_and_botanical_codices" title="List of florilegia and botanical codices">botanical codex</a> with 180 full-page painted drawings of plants from <a href="/wiki/Belluno" title="Belluno">Belluno</a>, northern Italy (early 15th century)<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li>One of the earliest copies of the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury Tales">Canterbury Tales</a> by Geoffrey Chaucer, perhaps the most influential literary text in Middle English (1410)</li> <li>Book of the Queen, lavishly decorated collection of works by the poet <a href="/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan" title="Christine de Pizan">Christine de Pizan</a> presented to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Isabeau" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Isabeau">Queen Isabeau</a> of France (1410–1414)</li> <li>Beaufort/Beauchamp Hours, composite <a href="/wiki/Book_of_hours" title="Book of hours">book of hours</a>, the main part of which was most likely made for <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beauchamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Beauchamp">Margaret Beauchamp</a> (1411–1443)</li> <li>Gospel lectionary inscribed in Greek at the <a href="/wiki/St._Marina%27s_Monastery" title="St. Marina's Monastery">Monastery of St Marina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berat" title="Berat">Berat</a>, Albania (1413)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hall_Manuscript" title="Old Hall Manuscript">Old Hall Manuscript</a>, the largest and most complete source of English sacred music of the late 14th and early 15th centuries (1410–1420)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardington_Manor" title="Wardington Manor">Wardington</a> Hours, Hours of the Passion illuminated by an artist from the school of the <a href="/wiki/Bedford_Master" title="Bedford Master">Bedford Master</a>, Paris (1410–1440)</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A9viaire_de_Jean_sans_Peur" class="extiw" title="fr:Bréviaire de Jean sans Peur">Breviary of John the Fearless</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bavaria" title="Margaret of Bavaria">Margaret of Bavaria</a>, illuminated manuscript given to the <a href="/wiki/John_the_Fearless" title="John the Fearless">couple</a> to celebrate their betrothal (1413–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Hours" title="Bedford Hours">Bedford Hours</a>, a richly illustrated late-medieval book of hours once owned by the <a href="/wiki/John_of_Lancaster,_1st_Duke_of_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford">Duke of Bedford</a> (1410–1430)</li> <li>Psalter of Humphrey of Gloucester, illuminated <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Psalms">Book of Psalms</a> belonging to <a href="/wiki/Humphrey,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester">Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester</a>, uncle to King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a> (1430–1440)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor</a> <a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carol</a> Book, manuscript of music and carols for <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>, probably written for <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor_Castle" title="St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle">St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle</a> (1430–1444)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Margery_Kempe" title="The Book of Margery Kempe">The Book of Margery Kempe</a>, the earliest surviving autobiography in the English language (1436)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractatus_de_Herbis" title="Tractatus de Herbis">Tractatus de Herbis</a>, illustrated treatise of <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>, with nearly 500 representations of plants, animals and minerals, originally from <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, northern Italy (1440)</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heures_de_Dunois" class="extiw" title="fr:Heures de Dunois">Dunois Hours</a>, highly decorated French <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Hours">Book of Hours</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Dunois_Master" title="Dunois Master">Dunois Master</a>, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Dunois" title="Jean de Dunois">Jean d'Orléans, Count of Dunois</a> (1439–1450)</li> <li>Collected commentaries on the Spring and Autumn annals, <a href="/wiki/Print_culture" title="Print culture">printed document</a> with early use of Kabin font moveable type under the Korean <a href="/wiki/King_Sejong" class="mw-redirect" title="King Sejong">King Sejong</a>, Seoul (1442)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Shrewsbury_Book" title="Talbot Shrewsbury Book">Talbot Shrewsbury Book</a>, large richly-illuminated manuscript presented to <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a> from Rouen, France (1444–1445)</li> <li>Illuminated manuscript copy of <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a>, produced for <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V</a>, king of Aragon, Naples and Sicily, Siena, Italy (1450)</li> <li>Volume of Poems of Charles of Orleans, illuminated folio of poems written by <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles, Duke of Orléans">Charles, Duke of Orléans</a> during his imprisonment in England following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1450)</li> <li>Leaf from the <a href="/wiki/Hours_of_%C3%89tienne_Chevalier" title="Hours of Étienne Chevalier">Hours of Étienne Chevalier</a>, illuminated book of hours commissioned by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Chevalier" title="Étienne Chevalier">Étienne Chevalier</a>, treasurer to King <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a>, the only work of the famed illuminator <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a> in the collection (1452)</li> <li>Two <a href="/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible" title="Gutenberg Bible">Gutenberg</a> or 42-line Bibles and a leaf from a third, copies of a Latin Bible printed at <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, Germany, the earliest major books printed using mass-produced <a href="/wiki/Movable_metal_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Movable metal type">movable metal type</a> in Europe (1450–1455)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz_Psalter" title="Mainz Psalter">Mainz Psalter</a>, the second work to be produced with movable type in Europe and the first to experiment with multi-coloured <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a>, one of 10 extant copies, Mainz, Germany (1457)</li> <li>Copy of the <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamberg Bible">Bamberg</a> or 36-line Bible, the second moveable-type-printed edition of the Bible from <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a>, Germany (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1458–60)</li> <li>Rime and Trionfi by <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a>, illuminated manuscript of poetry once owned by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Gonzaga_(1444%E2%80%931483)" title="Francesco Gonzaga (1444–1483)">Francesco Gonzaga</a>, northern Italy (1465)</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentelin-Bibel" class="extiw" title="de:Mentelin-Bibel">Mentelin Bible</a>, the first bible to be printed in any <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> language, one of the first edition copies printed by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Mentelin" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Mentelin">Johann Mentelin</a> in Strasbourg (1466)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamakhi" title="Shamakhi">Shamakhi</a> anthology of poetry, illustrated by Sharaf al-Dīn Ḥusayn, a royal scribe based at the court of the <a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshah</a> <a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Yassar" class="mw-redirect" title="Farrukh Yassar">Farrukh Yassar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (1468)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a> <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a> or Five Books of Moses, with stylised representations of mountains and fish swimming in the sea outlined in scriptural micrography, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> (1469)</li> <li>Only surviving manuscript copy of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a>, retelling the legends of <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> and his Knights (1471-1483)<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recuyell_of_the_Historyes_of_Troye" title="Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye">Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye</a>, copy of <a href="/wiki/William_Caxton" title="William Caxton">William Caxton</a>'s first printed book and the first book printed anywhere in English, from Bruges or Ghent, Belgium (1473)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Constance</a> Gradual, only surviving complete edition of the first <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printed book</a> of music using <a href="/wiki/Moveable_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Moveable type">moveable type</a>, southern Germany (1473)<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li>First and second printed editions of <a href="/wiki/William_Caxton" title="William Caxton">William Caxton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury Tales">Canterbury Tales</a> (1476–1483)</li> <li>Manuscript copy of <a href="/wiki/Dictes_and_Sayings_of_the_Philosophers" title="Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers">Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> translation by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Woodville" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Woodville">Anthony Woodville</a> of the original book written in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> by the medieval Arab scholar <a href="/wiki/Al-Mubashshir_ibn_Fatik" title="Al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik">al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik</a> (1477)</li> <li>Hastings Hours, <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a> illuminated manuscript with painted miniatures attributed to the Flemish artist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bening" title="Alexander Bening">Alexander Bening</a> made for <a href="/wiki/William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings">Lord Hastings</a> (1480)</li> <li>Lisbon Bible, the most accomplished codex of the Portuguese school of medieval <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hebrew_Bible_manuscripts" title="List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts">Hebrew illumination</a> (1483)</li> <li>Two manuscript copies of the <a href="/wiki/Catholicon_Anglicum" title="Catholicon Anglicum">Catholicon Anglicum</a>, an English-to-Latin bilingual dictionary (1483)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Henry_Huth" title="Alfred Henry Huth">Huth</a> Hours, elaborately illuminated <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Hours">Book of Hours</a> attributed to <a href="/wiki/Simon_Marmion" title="Simon Marmion">Simon Marmion</a>, Flanders (1485–1490)</li> <li>Early printed editions of the <a href="/wiki/Columbus%27s_letter_on_the_first_voyage" title="Columbus's letter on the first voyage">letter</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> describing his first voyage to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, Rome and Basel (1493)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Breviary" title="Isabella Breviary">Isabella Breviary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscript</a> given to Queen <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella I">Isabella I</a> by ambassador Francisco de Rojas to commemorate the double marriage of her children and the children of <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Maximilian of Austria</a> and Duchess <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Burgundy" title="Mary of Burgundy">Mary of Burgundy</a> (1497)</li> <li>Most of the Book of <a href="/wiki/Hours_of_Louis_XII" title="Hours of Louis XII">Hours of Louis XII</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourdichon" title="Jean Bourdichon">Jean Bourdichon</a> for King Louis XII of France (1498–1499)</li> <li>Luxury illustrated copy of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_de_la_Rose" title="Roman de la Rose">Roman de la Rose</a>, one of the last <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Prayer_Books_of_around_1500" title="Master of the Prayer Books of around 1500">Flemish Master</a> illuminated manuscripts, Bruges (1490–1500)</li> <li>Two copies of the <a href="/wiki/Khamsa_of_Nizami" title="Khamsa of Nizami">Khamsa of Nizami</a> illustrated by Tīmurid artist <a href="/wiki/Kam%C4%81l_ud-D%C4%ABn_Behz%C4%81d" title="Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād">Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād</a>, the most famous of Persian miniature painters (late 15th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritson_Manuscript" title="Ritson Manuscript">Ritson Choirbook</a>, early manuscript source of English carols (late 15th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Raja-raja_Pasai" title="Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai">Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai</a>, the oldest known historical chronicle written in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay language</a> (15th century)</li> <li>Križanić <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a>, liturgical manuscript written in <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic script</a> by the Croat monk Ivan Križanić, from the <a href="/wiki/Josef_Kalasanz_von_Erberg" title="Josef Kalasanz von Erberg">Erberg</a> collection, Croatia (15th century)</li> <li>Late medieval manuscript copy of the <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3nsb%C3%B3k" class="mw-redirect" title="Jónsbók">Jónsbók</a>, code of laws promulgated in Iceland by Jón Einarsson in 1280, at the instigation of King <a href="/wiki/Magnus_VI_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus VI of Norway">Magnus VI of Norway</a>, from the collection of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joseph Banks">Sir Joseph Banks</a> (15th century)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1500–1700_AD">1500–1700 AD</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 1500–1700 AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Arundel" title="Codex Arundel">Codex Arundel</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>'s notebooks (1480–1518)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sforza_Hours" title="Sforza Hours">Sforza Hours</a> one of the most richly illuminated books of hours of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> (1490–1520)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Livre_d%27Amour" title="Petit Livre d'Amour">Petit Livre d'Amour</a>, manuscript collection of love poems written by <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Sala" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Sala">Pierre Sala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiquary" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquary">antiquary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valet_de_chambre" title="Valet de chambre">valet de chambre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XII of France">Louis XII of France</a> (1500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_of_Joanna_I_of_Castile" title="The Hours of Joanna I of Castile">The Hours of Joanna I of Castile</a>, illuminated manuscript by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Horenbout" title="Gerard Horenbout">Gerard Horenbout</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ghent-Bruges_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghent-Bruges school">Ghent-Bruges school</a> (1500)</li> <li>Anne Boleyn's Book of Hours, opulent <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Hours">Book of Hours</a> once owned by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a>, with lover's inscriptions (1500)<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi">Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi</a>, medieval Indian cookbook, written in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a> with <a href="/wiki/Naskh_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Naskh script">Naskh script</a>, commissioned by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ghiyath_Shah" title="Ghiyath Shah">Ghiyath Shah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Malwa_Sultanate" title="Malwa Sultanate">Malwa Sultanate</a> in central India (1500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stuart,_1st_Baron_Stuart_de_Rothesay" title="Charles Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Rothesay">Stuart de Rothesay</a> Book of Hours, illuminated Book of Hours written by <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Sanvito" title="Bartolomeo Sanvito">Bartolomeo Sanvito</a> and commissioned by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Marino_Grimani_(cardinal)" title="Marino Grimani (cardinal)">Marino Grimani</a> with four miniatures by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Clovio" title="Giulio Clovio">Giulio Clovio</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1508–1538 AD)<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="Family tree of Portuguese monarchs">Portuguese Genealogy</a>, illuminated manuscript made for Infante <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Portugal,_Duke_of_Guarda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand of Portugal, Duke of Guarda">Dom Fernando of Portugal</a> with paintings by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bening" title="Simon Bening">Simon Bening</a> and <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Holanda" class="extiw" title="es:Antonio de Holanda">Antonio de Holanda</a> (1530–1534)</li> <li>One of only three <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extant" class="extiw" title="wikt:extant">extant</a> copies of the first edition of the <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bible" title="Tyndale Bible">Tynedale New Testament</a>, the first bible to be translated and mass-produced in English by <a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a> (1526)<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li>Diminutive prayer books made for <a href="/wiki/Anne_Seymour,_Duchess_of_Somerset" title="Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset">Anne Seymour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a>; the latter two said to have been taken to the <a href="/wiki/Scaffold_(execution_site)" title="Scaffold (execution site)">scaffold</a> at their executions (1536–1544)<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li>Poems of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Wyatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Thomas Wyatt">Sir Thomas Wyatt</a>, the earliest notebook in the English language of any major poet that has survived (1530–1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>'s personal copy of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Bible" title="Great Bible">Great Bible</a>, the first authorised version of the Bible in English (1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_I" title="Tahmasp I">Shah Ṭahmāsb</a>'s copy of <a href="/wiki/Nizami_Ganjavi" title="Nizami Ganjavi">Nizami Ganjavi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hamsa_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamsa (literature)">Khamsah (Five Poems)</a> with illustrations of The Prophet Muhammad's Celestial Journey by <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mohammed" title="Sultan Mohammed">Sultan Mohammed</a>, Tabriz, Iran (1539–1543)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_of_Henry_VIII" title="Psalter of Henry VIII">Psalter of Henry VIII</a>, illuminated psalter by Jean Mallard that belonged to <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a> (1540–1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_book" title="Golf book">Golf Book</a>, illuminated <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Hours">Book of Hours</a> manuscript created by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bening" title="Simon Bening">Simon Bening</a> in Bruges, Belgium (1540–1550)</li> <li>The Glorification of the Great Goddess, beautiful palm leaf manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Devimahatmya" class="mw-redirect" title="Devimahatmya">Devimahatmya</a>, copied in Nepal in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Newari" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Newari">Newari script</a> during the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Prana_Malla" title="Prana Malla">Prana Malla</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bhaktapur" title="Bhaktapur">Bhaktapur</a> (1547)</li> <li>Triumphs of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Charles_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Charles V">Emperor Charles V</a>, codex of 12 full page miniature paintings by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Clovio" title="Giulio Clovio">Giulio Clovio</a> celebrating the victories of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> (1556–1575)<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongle_Encyclopedia" title="Yongle Encyclopedia">Yongle Encyclopedia</a>, 24 volumes of the second edition of the encyclopedia commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a>, containing the most important texts available at that time, China (1562–1572)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splendor_Solis" title="Splendor Solis">Splendor Solis</a>, medical and alchemical treatises attributed to <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Trismosin" title="Salomon Trismosin">Salomon Trismosin</a>, meticulously painted and highlighted with gold in Germany (1582)</li> <li>Imperial illuminated copy of the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%81r%C4%81b-n%C4%81ma_(British_Library_Or._4615)" class="extiw" title="de:Dārāb-nāma (British Library Or. 4615)">Dārāb-nāma</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaliq</a> script by Abu Ṭahir Ṭarsusi, originally from the Mughal Library of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> (1585)<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baburnama" title="Baburnama">Illustrated memoirs</a> of the Mughal <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Emperor Bābur</a> and the first volume of <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Akbarnamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbarnamah">Akbarnamah</a>, both produced for Bābur's grandson <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>, Lahore, Pakistan (1590)</li> <li>Illuminated manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Khamsa_of_Nizami_(British_Library,_Or._12208)" title="Khamsa of Nizami (British Library, Or. 12208)">Khamsa of Nizami</a>, lavishly illustrated manuscript created for the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> (1590–1600)</li> <li>An incomplete manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Razmnamah_(British_Library,_Or._12076)" title="Razmnamah (British Library, Or. 12076)">Razmnama</a>, an illustrated <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> translation of the Hindu epic <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> written by Naqib Khan (1598–1599)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a>-<a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a> Chronicle, chronicle of events in Russian <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a>, important early source for the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">history of Russia</a> (16th century)</li> <li>Important music manuscripts for keyboard, including <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Rogers%27_Virginal_Book" title="Elizabeth Rogers' Virginal Book">Elizabeth Rogers' Virginal Book</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mulliner_Book" title="The Mulliner Book">The Mulliner Book</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Ladye_Nevells_Booke" title="My Ladye Nevells Booke">My Ladye Nevells Booke</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Susanne_van_Soldt_Manuscript" title="Susanne van Soldt Manuscript">Susanne van Soldt Manuscript</a> from Holland (16th–17th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More_(play)" title="Sir Thomas More (play)">The Book of Sir Thomas More</a>, one of a small number of <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethan">Elizabethan</a> plays to survive in manuscript form with three pages attributed to <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> (1601–04)</li> <li>Rare first edition of <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a>, the first modern novel (1604)<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li>Illuminated manuscript of <a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Anvar-i Suhayli</a> or Lights of <a href="/wiki/Canopus" title="Canopus">Canopus</a>, copied for the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> with 36 beautiful miniatures (1604–1614)<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li>Handwritten notebook by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Raleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Walter Raleigh">Sir Walter Raleigh</a> for his <a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_World_(Raleigh)" title="The History of the World (Raleigh)">History of the World</a>, drafted while he was incarcerated in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> (1604-1616)<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirburn_Ballads" title="Shirburn Ballads">Shirburn Ballads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> collection of <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethan">Elizabethan</a> to early <a href="/wiki/Stuart_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart era">Stuart</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballads</a> that formerly resided in <a href="/wiki/Shirburn_Castle" title="Shirburn Castle">Shirburn Castle</a> (1609-1616)</li> <li>Five copies of William Shakespeare's <a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a> of plays (1623)</li> <li>One of about 20 extant copies of the <a href="/wiki/Wicked_Bible" title="Wicked Bible">Wicked Bible</a>, with one of the most infamous <a href="/wiki/Bible_errata" title="Bible errata">printing errors</a> in history ("Thou shalt commit adultery")(1631)</li> <li>Lavishly decorated scroll of Chapter 8 of the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Sutra" title="Lotus Sutra">Lotus Sutra</a>, presented by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Go-Mizunoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Go-Mizunoo">Go-Mizunoo</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB" title="Nikkō Tōshō-gū">Tōshō-gū Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nikk%C5%8D" title="Nikkō">Nikkō</a>. Japan (1636)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> Scroll, sheepskin scroll with 239 columns of text in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>, one of only seven complete scrolls to have survived from the <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Synagogue in Kaifeng</a>, China (1643–1663)</li> <li>Second edition of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Psalm_Book" title="Bay Psalm Book">Bay Psalm Book</a>, earliest printed book in <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> (1647)</li> <li>Most volumes of the Mewar <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>, illustrated manuscript with 450 paintings of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Epic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Epic">Hindu Epic</a>, commissioned by Acarya Jasvant for the library of <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Singh_I" title="Jagat Singh I">Jagat Singh I</a> of the Rajput kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Udaipur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Udaipur State">Mewar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> (1649–1653)<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_manuscript_collections" title="Ethiopian manuscript collections">Ethiopian manuscript</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="The Four Gospels">The Four Gospels</a>, richly illustrated manuscript displaying European artistic influences, Gondar, Ethiopia (1664–1665)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1700_AD_–_present">1700 AD – present</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 1700 AD – present" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Revelation_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation of Saint John">Revelation of Saint John</a>, profusely illustrated manuscript with 126 paintings, Gondar, Ethiopia (1700–1730)</li> <li>One of only two extant copies of <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thumb%27s_Pretty_Song_Book" title="Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book">Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book</a>, the oldest printed edition anthology of English <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery rhymes">nursery rhymes</a> (1744)</li> <li>Rare edition of the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a>'s 'Eulogy on <a href="/wiki/Mukden" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden">Mukden</a>', poem written in thirty-two seal-script forms in both <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (1748)</li> <li>Luxury <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhalese</a> manuscript containing bilingual <a href="/wiki/Atthakatha" title="Atthakatha">Atthakatha</a>, Buddhist scriptures incised in gold on palm leaves, Sri Lanka (1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_Shakespeare_(Roubiliac)" title="Statue of William Shakespeare (Roubiliac)">Statue of William Shakespeare</a> by the French sculptor <a href="/wiki/Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roubiliac" title="Louis-François Roubiliac">Louis-François Roubiliac</a>, commissioned by the celebrated Shakespearian actor <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a> (1757)</li> <li>Manuscript draft of the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Rebellion" title="Proclamation of Rebellion">Proclamation of Rebellion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>'s response to the <a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> (1775)</li> <li>Copy of the poetical works in the <a href="/wiki/Chaghatai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaghatai language">Chaghatai language</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Husayn_Bayqara" title="Sultan Husayn Bayqara">Sultan Husayn Bayqara</a> and the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> (1776)</li> <li>Only surviving first edition of <a href="/wiki/Gammer_Gurton%27s_Garland" title="Gammer Gurton's Garland">Gammer Gurton's Garland</a>, early anthology of English <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery rhymes">nursery rhymes</a> (1784)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menggu_Ziyun" title="Menggu Ziyun">Menggu Ziyun</a>, unique copy of a 14th-century rime dictionary of Chinese written in the <a href="/wiki/%27Phags-pa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="'Phags-pa script">'Phags-pa script</a> (18th century)</li> <li>The Acts and Life of Saint <a href="/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot" title="Tekle Haymanot">Tekle Haymanot</a>, profusely illustrated manuscript with the only known example of a metal cover with carvings of figures and the cross outside of Ethiopia (18th century AD)</li> <li>Serat Selarasa, one of the earliest finely-illustrated <a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a> manuscripts known, retelling the adventures of Selarasa, prince of <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> and his two brothers, originally owned by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Colin_Mackenzie" title="Colin Mackenzie">Colin Mackenzie</a> (1804 AD)<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li>Anthology of poetry by the last Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah Zafar</a> (early 19th century AD)</li> <li>Copy of Taj al-Salatin or The Crown of Kings, one of the finest illuminated <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malay</a> manuscripts known, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> (1824)<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li>One of only 120 copies of <a href="/wiki/The_Birds_of_America" title="The Birds of America">The Birds of America</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a>, containing illustrations of a wide variety of birds from the United States (1827–1838)</li> <li>Rani Jindan's Prayer Book, luxurious manuscript written in the <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a> script produced for <a href="/wiki/Maharani_Jind_Kaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharani Jind Kaur">Maharani Jind Kaur</a>, Regent of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> (1828–1830)</li> <li>Manuscript copy in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rawz_al-jinan_wa_ruh_al-jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawz al-jinan wa ruh al-jinan">Meadows of Paradise</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gidado_dan_Laima" title="Gidado dan Laima">Gidado dan Laima</a>, close associate of <a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a>, northern Nigeria (1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Book" title="Delhi Book">Delhi Book</a> or Reminiscences of Imperial Delhi, album with collection of 120 paintings mostly by the Mughal painter <a href="/wiki/Mazhar_Ali_Khan_(painter)" title="Mazhar Ali Khan (painter)">Mazhar Ali Khan</a>, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Metcalfe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Thomas Metcalfe">Sir Thomas Metcalfe</a> (1844)</li> <li>First edition of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Manifesto">Communist Manifesto</a> by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Engels" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Engels">Frederick Engels</a>, one of only 25 copies that survive today (1848)</li> <li>Rare first edition of <a href="/wiki/Leaves_of_Grass" title="Leaves of Grass">Leaves of Grass</a>, poetry <a href="/wiki/Anthology" title="Anthology">anthology</a> by American poet <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a> (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>, one of 27 surviving copies of the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Godfrey_Leland" title="Charles Godfrey Leland">Leland</a>-<a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Boker" title="George Henry Boker">Boker</a> "Authorized Edition" printed by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Leypoldt" title="Frederick Leypoldt">Frederick Leypoldt</a>, US (1863)</li> <li>Pageant of <a href="/wiki/King_Mindon" class="mw-redirect" title="King Mindon">King Mindon</a> manuscript, the finest example of Burmese manuscript art before it became influenced by Western artistic conventions, depicting the procession of King Mindon and his court to dedicate the <a href="/wiki/Kyauktawgyi_Buddha_Temple_(Mandalay)" title="Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple (Mandalay)">Kyauk-daw-gyi</a> Buddha image in <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a> (1865)</li> <li>Imperial manuscript copy of the <a href="/wiki/Tale_of_Ki%E1%BB%81u" class="mw-redirect" title="Tale of Kiều">Tale of Kiều</a>, Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Epic_(genre)" title="Epic (genre)">epic</a> poem written in <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Sino-Vietnamese script</a> illustrated with scenes from the story, once owned by the French orientalist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Pelliot" title="Paul Pelliot">Paul Pelliot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelmscott_Chaucer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelmscott Chaucer">Kelmscott Chaucer</a>, one of 13 <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a> copies of the magnificently decorated book of The Works of <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts movement</a> and printed by <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>'s Kelmscott Press, with 87 illustrations by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a>, public statement issued by the <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British government</a> announcing support for the establishment of a "national home for the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish people</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> (1917)</li> <li>Scarce edition of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Declaration" title="Pakistan Declaration">Pakistan Declaration</a> pamphlet that kick-started the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">movement</a> for an independent Muslim homeland in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and coined the term 'Pakistan' (1933)</li> <li>Rare handbill copy of the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclamation of Indonesian Independence</a> (1945)</li> <li>The original hand-written lyrics of <a href="/wiki/Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatles">Beatles</a> songs including "<a href="/wiki/The_Fool_on_the_Hill" title="The Fool on the Hill">The Fool on the Hill</a>", "<a href="/wiki/A_Hard_Day%27s_Night_(song)" title="A Hard Day's Night (song)">A Hard Day's Night</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Help!_(song)" title="Help! (song)">Help!</a>", "<a href="/wiki/In_My_Life" title="In My Life">In My Life</a>", "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_To_Hold_Your_Hand" class="mw-redirect" title="I Want To Hold Your Hand">I Want To Hold Your Hand</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Michelle_(song)" title="Michelle (song)">Michelle</a>", "<a href="/wiki/She_Said_She_Said" title="She Said She Said">She Said She Said</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Fields_Forever" title="Strawberry Fields Forever">Strawberry Fields Forever</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Ticket_to_Ride_(song)" title="Ticket to Ride (song)">Ticket to Ride</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Yesterday_(Beatles_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesterday (Beatles song)">Yesterday</a>" from the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Davies" title="Hunter Davies">Hunter Davies</a> collection (1960s)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps,_music,_manuscripts_and_literature">Maps, music, manuscripts and literature</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Maps, music, manuscripts and literature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Important maps such as the Anglo-Saxon Map and <a href="/wiki/Psalter_world_map" title="Psalter world map">Psalter world map</a>, two early medieval <a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a> from England, one of the earliest maps of Great Britain by the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> monk <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Paris" title="Matthew Paris">Matthew Paris</a>, World Map by <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_Higden" title="Ranulf Higden">Ranulf Higden</a>, a Venetian hand-written re-creation of Claudius Ptolemy's <a href="/wiki/British_Library,_Harley_MS_3686" title="British Library, Harley MS 3686">Geographia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pinelli%E2%80%93Walckenaer_Atlas" title="Pinelli–Walckenaer Atlas">Pinelli–Walckenaer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornaro_Atlas" title="Cornaro Atlas">Cornaro</a> Atlases of <a href="/wiki/Portolan_chart" title="Portolan chart">Portolan charts</a> from Venice, World Map by <a href="/wiki/Henricus_Martellus_Germanus" title="Henricus Martellus Germanus">Henricus Martellus Germanus</a>, the first map showing the <a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Tail_(peninsula)" title="Dragon's Tail (peninsula)">Dragon's Tail</a> meaning the Indian Ocean was not landlocked, the <a href="/wiki/Contarini%E2%80%93Rosselli_map" title="Contarini–Rosselli map">first printed map</a> showing the new world, several hand-produced <a href="/wiki/Dieppe_maps" title="Dieppe maps">Dieppe maps</a> produced for wealthy Renaissance patrons including one by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Desceliers" title="Pierre Desceliers">Pierre Desceliers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Mary I of England">Queen Mary</a> Atlas made by Portuguese map-maker <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Homem" title="Diogo Homem">Diogo Homem</a>, one of only two copies of a <a href="/wiki/Americae_Sive_Quartae_Orbis_Partis_Nova_Et_Exactissima_Descriptio" title="Americae Sive Quartae Orbis Partis Nova Et Exactissima Descriptio">Map of America</a> by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Guti%C3%A9rrez_(cartographer)" title="Diego Gutiérrez (cartographer)">Diego Gutiérrez</a>, part of a <a href="/wiki/Mercator_1569_world_map" title="Mercator 1569 world map">Mercator 1569 world map</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Mercator" title="Gerardus Mercator">Gerardus Mercator</a>, a decorative Atlas drawn by the Portuguese cartographer <a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Vaz_Dourado" title="Fernão Vaz Dourado">Fernão Vaz Dourado</a>, the Atlas of England and Wales made by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Saxton" title="Christopher Saxton">Christopher Saxton</a> for <a href="/wiki/Lord_Burghley" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Burghley">Lord Burghley</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> the earliest extant Chinese <a href="/wiki/Globe" title="Globe">Globe</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Longobardo" title="Nicolò Longobardo">Nicolò Longobardo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Dias_the_Younger" title="Manuel Dias the Younger">Manuel Dias</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Klencke_Atlas" title="Klencke Atlas">Klencke Atlas</a>, the largest atlas in the world, a rare copy of the <a href="/wiki/Velarde_map" title="Velarde map">Velarde map</a> of the Philippines and a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Map" title="Mitchell Map">Mitchell Map</a> of North America (11th–18th centuries)</li> <li>Original manuscripts of musical scores including <a href="/wiki/Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="Bach">Bach</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Well-Tempered_Clavier" title="The Well-Tempered Clavier">The Well-Tempered Clavier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wo_soll_ich_fliehen_hin,_BWV_5" title="Wo soll ich fliehen hin, BWV 5">Wo soll ich fliehen hin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_William_Balfe" title="Michael William Balfe">Balfe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Bohemian_Girl" title="The Bohemian Girl">The Bohemian Girl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bart%C3%B3k" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartók">Bartók</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="List of compositions by Béla Bartók">Four Pieces for Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sketch_(music)" title="Sketch (music)">sketchbook</a> of <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)">6th Symphony</a>, his <a href="/wiki/Violin_Sonata_No._8_(Beethoven)" title="Violin Sonata No. 8 (Beethoven)">Violin Sonata No. 8</a>, Lied aus der Ferne, <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Beethoven)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Beethoven)">String Quartet No. 14</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Fair_copy_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair copy (music)">fair copy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)">9th Symphony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borodin" class="mw-redirect" title="Borodin">Borodin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Petite_Suite_(Borodin)" title="Petite Suite (Borodin)">Petite Suite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahms" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahms">Brahms</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Four_Pieces_for_Piano,_Op._119_(Brahms)" title="Four Pieces for Piano, Op. 119 (Brahms)">Rhapsodie in E♭ (Op. 119, No. 4) for piano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zigeunerlieder_(Brahms)" title="Zigeunerlieder (Brahms)">Zigeunerlieder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britten" class="mw-redirect" title="Britten">Britten</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream_(opera)" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream (opera)">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Young_Person%27s_Guide_to_the_Orchestra" title="The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra">The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_Requiem" title="War Requiem">War Requiem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopin">Chopin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Barcarolle_(Chopin)" title="Barcarolle (Chopin)">Barcarolle in F-sharp major for piano, Op. 60</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polonaises_Op._40_(Chopin)" title="Polonaises Op. 40 (Chopin)">Polonaises, Op. 40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debussy" class="mw-redirect" title="Debussy">Debussy</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Brouillards" title="Brouillards">Brouillards</a>", <a href="/wiki/La_chute_de_la_maison_Usher_(opera)" title="La chute de la maison Usher (opera)">La chute de la maison Usher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantaisie_for_piano_and_orchestra_(Debussy)" title="Fantaisie for piano and orchestra (Debussy)">Fantaisie for piano and orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delius" class="mw-redirect" title="Delius">Delius</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brigg_Fair" title="Brigg Fair">Brigg Fair</a>, <a href="/wiki/On_Hearing_the_First_Cuckoo_in_Spring" title="On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring">On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_(Delius)" title="Piano Concerto (Delius)">Piano Concerto in C minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvořák">Dvořák</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cello_Concerto_in_A_major_(Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k)" title="Cello Concerto in A major (Dvořák)">Cello Concerto in A major</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Elgar">Elgar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Enigma_Variations" title="Enigma Variations">Enigma Variations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomp_and_Circumstance_Marches" title="Pomp and Circumstance Marches">Pomp and Circumstance Marches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Elgar)" title="Violin Concerto (Elgar)">Violin Concerto in B minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Gondoliers" title="The Gondoliers">The Gondoliers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patience_(opera)" title="Patience (opera)">Patience</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruddigore" title="Ruddigore">Ruddigore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grieg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grieg">Grieg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Peer_Gynt_Suite_No._2" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer Gynt Suite No. 2">Peer Gynt Suite No. 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Messiah_(Handel)" title="Messiah (Handel)">Messiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_for_the_Royal_Fireworks" title="Music for the Royal Fireworks">Music for the Royal Fireworks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ode_for_the_Birthday_of_Queen_Anne" title="Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne">Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zadok_the_Priest" title="Zadok the Priest">Zadok the Priest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haydn" class="mw-redirect" title="Haydn">Haydn</a>'s Symphonies <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._40_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 40 (Haydn)">No. 40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._95_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 95 (Haydn)">No. 95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._96_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 96 (Haydn)">No. 96</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._97_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 97 (Haydn)">No. 97</a> and <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._103_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 103 (Haydn)">No. 103</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holst" class="mw-redirect" title="Holst">Holst</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Planets" title="The Planets">The Planets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liszt" class="mw-redirect" title="Liszt">Liszt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Christus_(Liszt)" title="Christus (Liszt)">Christus</a>, A folio of <a href="/wiki/Mahler" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahler">Mahler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Mahler)">Symphony No. 9</a> and "Urlicht" from <a href="/wiki/Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn_(Mahler)" title="Des Knaben Wunderhorn (Mahler)">Des Knaben Wunderhorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mendelssohn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelssohn">Mendelssohn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Mendelssohn)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Mendelssohn)">Symphony No. 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream_(Mendelssohn)" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream (Mendelssohn)">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a> and <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_in_E-flat_major_(1823)_(Mendelssohn)" class="mw-redirect" title="String Quartet in E-flat major (1823) (Mendelssohn)">String Quartet in E-flat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Adagio_and_Fugue_in_C_minor_(Mozart)" title="Adagio and Fugue in C minor (Mozart)">Adagio and Fugue in C minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adagio_and_Rondo_for_glass_harmonica,_flute,_oboe,_viola_and_cello" title="Adagio and Rondo for glass harmonica, flute, oboe, viola and cello">Adagio and Rondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/God_is_our_Refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="God is our Refuge">God is our Refuge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horn_Concerto_No._3" title="Horn Concerto No. 3">Horn Concerto No. 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/String_Quintet_No._6_(Mozart)" title="String Quintet No. 6 (Mozart)">String Quintet No. 6</a>, his last ten string quartets including <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._19_(Mozart)" title="String Quartet No. 19 (Mozart)">No. 19</a>, Violin Sonata No. 25 in F major and the thematic catalogue of all his works from 1784 to 1791,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Offenbach</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fantasio_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasio (opera)">Fantasio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puccini" class="mw-redirect" title="Puccini">Puccini</a>'s sketches for Act II of <a href="/wiki/Madame_Butterfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Butterfly">Madame Butterfly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purcell" class="mw-redirect" title="Purcell">Purcell</a>'s My Heart is Inditing, <a href="/wiki/Rachmaninoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._3_(Rachmaninoff)" title="Piano Concerto No. 3 (Rachmaninoff)">Piano Concerto No. 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravel">Ravel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%A9ro" title="Boléro">Boléro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Gioachino_Rossini" title="List of compositions by Gioachino Rossini">Il pianto delle muse in morte di Lord Byron</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/Ivanho%C3%A9" title="Ivanhoé">Ivanhoé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Scarlatti" title="Alessandro Scarlatti">Scarlatti</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Griselda_(A._Scarlatti)" title="Griselda (A. Scarlatti)">Griselda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Schubert">Schubert</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/An_die_Musik" title="An die Musik">An die Musik</a>", <a href="/wiki/Mass_No._3_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 3 (Schubert)">Mass No. 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_G_major,_D_894_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in G major, D 894 (Schubert)">Piano Sonata in G major</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schumann" class="mw-redirect" title="Schumann">Schumann</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._3_(Schumann)" title="Piano Sonata No. 3 (Schumann)">Piano Sonata No. 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Die_schweigsame_Frau" title="Die schweigsame Frau">Die schweigsame Frau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stravinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Capriccio_for_Piano_and_Orchestra" title="Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra">Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a> and the sketchbook for <a href="/wiki/Pulcinella_(ballet)" title="Pulcinella (ballet)">Pulcinella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Williams" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaughan Williams">Vaughan Williams</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Sea_Symphony" title="A Sea Symphony">1st Symphony</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="The Lark Ascending (Vaughan Williams)">The Lark Ascending</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_Symphony_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Pastoral Symphony (Vaughan Williams)">Pastoral Symphony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdi">Verdi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Attila_(opera)" title="Attila (opera)">Atilla</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/La_traviata" title="La traviata">La traviata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wagner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner">Wagner</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Die_Feen" title="Die Feen">Die Feen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Der_fliegende_Holl%C3%A4nder" title="Der fliegende Holländer">Der fliegende Holländer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonia_(Wagner)" title="Polonia (Wagner)">Polonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Richard_Wagner" title="List of compositions by Richard Wagner">Overture in D, Rule Britannia</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Vincent_Wallace" title="William Vincent Wallace">Wallace</a>'s Love's Triumph, <a href="/wiki/Fair_copy_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair copy (music)">fair copy</a> with the composer's handwritten corrections of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a>'s opera <a href="/wiki/Oberon_(Weber)" title="Oberon (Weber)">Oberon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webern" class="mw-redirect" title="Webern">Webern</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Anton_Webern" title="List of compositions by Anton Webern">Sechs Stücke für grosses Orchester</a>, and many more (18th–20th century works)</li> <li>Autograph letters, diaries, notes and other manuscript material from famous people such as <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a>, <a href="/wiki/W_H_Auden" class="mw-redirect" title="W H Auden">W H Auden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel" title="Isambard Kingdom Brunel">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">William Hogarth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Livingstone" title="David Livingstone">David Livingstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI of France</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rasputin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasputin">Rasputin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_de_Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilien de Robespierre">Maximilien de Robespierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, Captain <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a>, and many others (14th–20th centuries)</li> <li>Autograph manuscripts of famous novels and poetry from literature including <a href="/wiki/The_History_of_England_(Jane_Austen)" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of England (Jane Austen)">History of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persuasion_(novel)" title="Persuasion (novel)">Persuasion</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Drowned_World" title="The Drowned World">The Drowned World</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_the_Sun_(novel)" title="Empire of the Sun (novel)">Empire of the Sun</a> and <a href="/wiki/High-Rise_(novel)" title="High-Rise (novel)">High Rise</a> by <a href="/wiki/J._G._Ballard" title="J. G. Ballard">J. G. Ballard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Notebook_of_William_Blake" title="Notebook of William Blake">Notebook of William Blake</a> (also known as the Rossetti Manuscript) with many of his most famous poems, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Eyre" title="Jane Eyre">Jane Eyre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_(novel)" title="Shirley (novel)">Shirley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villette_(novel)" title="Villette (novel)">Villette</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte Brontë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gondal_(fictional_country)" title="Gondal (fictional country)">Gondal poetry</a> by <a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">Emily Brontë</a>, Pan is Dead, The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim's Point and <a href="/wiki/Sonnets_from_the_Portuguese" title="Sonnets from the Portuguese">Sonnets from the Portuguese</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ring_and_the_Book" title="The Ring and the Book">The Ring and the Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning">Robert Browning</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cotter%27s_Saturday_Night" title="The Cotter's Saturday Night">The Cotter's Saturday Night</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_Red,_Red_Rose" title="A Red, Red Rose">A Red, Red Rose</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Childe_Harold%27s_Pilgrimage" title="Childe Harold's Pilgrimage">Childe Harold's Pilgrimage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(poem)" title="Don Juan (poem)">Don Juan</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Past_and_Present_(book)" title="Past and Present (book)">Past and Present</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crewe_manuscript" title="Crewe manuscript">Kubla Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner" title="The Rime of the Ancient Mariner">The Rime of the Ancient Mariner</a> by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Coleridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Coleridge">Samuel Coleridge</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Secret" title="The Dead Secret">The Dead Secret</a> and The New Magdelen (play) by <a href="/wiki/Wilkie_Collins" title="Wilkie Collins">Wilkie Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Missing_Three-Quarter" title="The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter">The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Retired_Colourman" title="The Adventure of the Retired Colourman">The Adventure of the Retired Colourman</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Narrative_of_John_Smith" title="The Narrative of John Smith">The Narrative of John Smith</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_Gerard" title="Brigadier Gerard">Brigadier Gerard</a> stories by Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rescue_(Conrad_novel)" title="The Rescue (Conrad novel)">The Rescue</a>, Suspense and part of <a href="/wiki/Romance_(novel)" title="Romance (novel)">Romance</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Joseph Conrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Une_t%C3%A9n%C3%A9breuse_affaire" title="Une ténébreuse affaire">A Murky Business</a> by <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Nickleby" title="Nicholas Nickleby">Nicholas Nickleby</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Pickwick_Papers" title="The Pickwick Papers">The Pickwick Papers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Humiliated_and_Insulted" title="Humiliated and Insulted">Humiliated and Insulted</a> by <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Fyodor Dostoevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Forty-Five_Guardsmen" title="The Forty-Five Guardsmen">The Forty-Five Guardsmen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Bede" title="Adam Bede">Adam Bede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlemarch" title="Middlemarch">Middlemarch</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mill_on_the_Floss" title="The Mill on the Floss">The Mill on the Floss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silas_Marner" title="Silas Marner">Silas Marner</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Possum%27s_Book_of_Practical_Cats" title="Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats">Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats</a> by <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octopussy_and_The_Living_Daylights" title="Octopussy and The Living Daylights">The Living Daylights</a> and The Fabulous Pay-Off by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Forsyte_Saga" title="The Forsyte Saga">The Forsyte Saga</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/The_Counterfeiters_(novel)" title="The Counterfeiters (novel)">The Counterfeiters</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/The_Wind_in_the_Willows" title="The Wind in the Willows">The Wind in the Willows</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grahame" title="Kenneth Grahame">Kenneth Grahame</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Captain_and_the_Enemy" title="The Captain and the Enemy">The Captain and the Enemy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tess_of_the_d%27Urbervilles" title="Tess of the d'Urbervilles">Tess of the d'Urbervilles</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Marble_Faun" title="The Marble Faun">The Marble Faun</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Masque_of_Queens" title="The Masque of Queens">The Masque of Queens</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnegans_Wake" title="Finnegans Wake">Finnegans Wake</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/A_Portrait_of_the_Artist_as_a_Young_Man" title="A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man">A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ode_to_a_Nightingale" title="Ode to a Nightingale">Ode to a Nightingale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella,_or_the_Pot_of_Basil" title="Isabella, or the Pot of Basil">Isabella, or the Pot of Basil</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Just_So_Stories" title="Just So Stories">Just So Stories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_(novel)" title="Kim (novel)">Kim</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book" title="The Jungle Book">The Jungle Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>, History of the Seven Families of the Lake Pipplepopple by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lear" title="Edward Lear">Edward Lear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dulce_et_Decorum_est" title="Dulce et Decorum est">Dulce et Decorum est</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Wilfred Owen</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(play)" title="The Birthday Party (play)">The Birthday Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(play)" title="No Man's Land (play)">No Man's Land</a> by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Deep_Blue_Sea_(play)" title="The Deep Blue Sea (play)">The Deep Blue Sea</a> by Sir <a href="/wiki/Terence_Rattigan" title="Terence Rattigan">Terence Rattigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memoirs_of_a_Fox-Hunting_Man" title="Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man">Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man</a> by <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Sassoon" title="Siegfried Sassoon">Siegfried Sassoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_(novel)" title="Kenilworth (novel)">Kenilworth</a> by Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heartbreak_House" title="Heartbreak House">Heartbreak House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pygmalion_(play)" title="Pygmalion (play)">Pygmalion</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Intellectual_Beauty" title="Hymn to Intellectual Beauty">Hymn to Intellectual Beauty</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Masque_of_Anarchy" title="The Masque of Anarchy">The Masque of Anarchy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_(poem)" title="Mont Blanc (poem)">Mont Blanc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mab_(poem)" title="Queen Mab (poem)">Queen Mab</a> by <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Sentimental_Journey_Through_France_and_Italy" title="A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy">A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tristram_Shandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tristram Shandy">Tristram Shandy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Sterne" title="Laurence Sterne">Laurence Sterne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a> (theatrical version) by <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a>, La Fille du Policeman by <a href="/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">Algernon Charles Swinburne</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Charge_of_the_Light_Brigade_(poem)" title="The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)">The Charge of the Light Brigade</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred, Lord Tennyson</a>, The Wolves and the Lamb by <a href="/wiki/William_Makepeace_Thackeray" title="William Makepeace Thackeray">William Makepeace Thackeray</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/The_Kreutzer_Sonata" title="The Kreutzer Sonata">The Kreutzer Sonata</a> by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Reading_Gaol" title="The Ballad of Reading Gaol">The Ballad of Reading Gaol</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Ideal_Husband" title="An Ideal Husband">An Ideal Husband</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Profundis_(letter)" title="De Profundis (letter)">De Profundis</a> by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a> by <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_Wandered_Lonely_as_a_Cloud" title="I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud">I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Leaps_Up" title="My Heart Leaps Up">My Heart Leaps Up</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upon_Westminster_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Upon Westminster Bridge">Upon Westminster Bridge</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a>, and many others (17th–20th centuries)</li> <li>Manuscript of <a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures Under Ground</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a> (given to the British Library by a consortium of American bibliophiles "in recognition of Britain's courage in facing <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> before America came into the war") (1865)<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Collections_of_manuscripts">Collections of manuscripts</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Collections of manuscripts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_collections">Foundation collections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Foundation collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The three foundation collections are those which were brought together to form the initial manuscript holdings of the British Museum in 1753:<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton manuscripts">Cotton manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Harley manuscripts">Harley manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Sloane" title="Hans Sloane">Sloane manuscripts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_named_collections">Other named collections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Other named collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Other "named" collections of manuscripts include (but are not limited to) the following: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arundel_Manuscripts" title="Arundel Manuscripts">Arundel Manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egerton_Collection" title="Egerton Collection">Egerton manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_manuscripts,_British_Library" title="King's manuscripts, British Library">King's manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_manuscripts" title="Lansdowne manuscripts">Lansdowne manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_manuscripts,_British_Library" title="Royal manuscripts, British Library">Royal manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Zweig_Collection" title="Stefan Zweig Collection">Stefan Zweig Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stowe_manuscripts" title="Stowe manuscripts">Stowe manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Yates_Thompson" title="Henry Yates Thompson">Yates Thompson</a> manuscripts</li></ul> Other collections, not necessarily manuscripts: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Durrell_Collection" title="Lawrence Durrell Collection">Lawrence Durrell Collection</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_manuscripts">Additional manuscripts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Additional manuscripts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Additional_manuscripts" title="Additional manuscripts">Additional manuscripts</a></div> The Additional Manuscripts series covers manuscripts that are not part of the named collections, and contains all other manuscripts donated, purchased or bequeathed to the Library since 1756. The numbering begins at 4101, as the series was initially regarded as a continuation of the collection of Sloane manuscripts, which are numbered 1 to 4100.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Chief_executives_and_other_employees">Chief executives and other employees</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Chief executives and other employees" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Employees_of_the_British_Library" title="Category:Employees of the British Library">Employees of the British Library</a></div> British Library employees undertake a wide variety of roles including curatorial, business and technology. Curatorial roles include or have included librarians, curators, digital preservationists, archivists and keepers.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In 2001 the senior management team was established and consisted of Lynne Brindley (chief executive), Ian Millar (director of finance and corporate resources), Natalie Ceeney (director of operations and services), Jill Finney (director of strategic marketing and communications) and Clive Field (director of scholarship and collections). This was so the problems of a complex structure, a mega hybrid library, global brand and investment in digital preservation could be managed better<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <dl><dt>Chief Executives</dt></dl> <ul><li>1973–1984: Sir <a href="/wiki/Harry_Hookway" title="Harry Hookway">Harry Hookway</a>, first Chief Executive</li> <li>1984–1991: Kenneth Cooper</li> <li>1991–2000: Dr <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lang" title="Brian Lang">Brian Lang</a></li> <li>2000–2012: Dame <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Brindley" title="Lynne Brindley">Lynne Brindley</a></li> <li>2012–2025: Sir <a href="/wiki/Roly_Keating" title="Roly Keating">Roly Keating</a></li> <li>From 2025: <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Lawrence" title="Rebecca Lawrence">Rebecca Lawrence</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Chief Librarians</dt></dl> <ul><li>2016–2018: <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Brazier_(librarian)" title="Caroline Brazier (librarian)">Caroline Brazier</a>, first Chief Librarian, worked at the library 2002–2018<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li>2018–present: <a href="/wiki/Liz_Jolly" title="Liz Jolly">Liz Jolly</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Library_of_Political_and_Economic_Science" title="British Library of Political and Economic Science">British Library of Political and Economic Science</a>, the main library of the LSE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_literature" title="British literature">British literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Books in the United Kingdom">Books in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives (United Kingdom)</a>, an amalgamation of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Record_Office" title="Public Record Office">Public Record Office</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Manuscripts_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Manuscripts Commission">Historical Manuscripts Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Sector_Information" title="Office of Public Sector Information">Office of Public Sector Information</a> and <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Stationery_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Stationery Office">Her Majesty's Stationery Office</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wight-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wight_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wight_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWight" class="citation web cs1">Wight, Colin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/aboutus/quickinfo/facts/">"Facts and figures"</a>. bl.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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BBC News. 1 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150801150551/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-33733846">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2015. 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British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101110222417/http://www.mbsportal.bl.uk/about/index.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Management+and+business+studies+portal%3A+About+this+site&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbsportal.bl.uk%2Fabout%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15932683">"British Library scans 18th and 19th-Century newspapers"</a>. 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The British Library Board. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508092154/http://www.bl.uk/aboutus/legaldeposit/websites/security/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2016. 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X (formerly Twitter). 8 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109010507/https://twitter.com/britishlibrary/status/1722323954168181184">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X+%28formerly+Twitter%29&rft.atitle=British+Library+Twitter+statement&rft.date=2023-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fbritishlibrary%2Fstatus%2F1722323954168181184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/living-knowledge/2023/11/cyber-incident.html">"Cyber incident update"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+John+Ritblat+Gallery%3A+Treasures+of+the+British+Library&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fwhatson%2Fpermgall%2Ftreasures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/magnificentmaps/">Magnificent Maps</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110121104251/http://www.bl.uk/magnificentmaps/">Archived</a> 21 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on British Library website </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/sacred/homepage.html">Sacred</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110131140146/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/sacred/homepage.html">Archived</a> 31 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on British Library website </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/evolvingenglish/">"Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110131141419/http://www.bl.uk/evolvingenglish/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evolving+English%3A+One+Language%2C+Many+Voices&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fevolvingenglish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/events/magna-carta--law-liberty-legacy">"Magna Carta: Law, Liberty, Legacy"</a>. The British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232538/http://www.bl.uk/events/magna-carta--law-liberty-legacy">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/sme/the-british-library-an-excellent-business-support-centre-451812.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2008. <q>The pilot was such a success that in May 2005 the London Development Agency, the Mayor of London's agency for business and jobs, announced a £1m funding package to turn the project into a permanent resource. The centre's facilities were enlarged and upgraded to include state-of-the-art meeting rooms, a networking area and wireless internet access. A team of information experts is on hand to help people find the information they need. The new centre re-launched in March 2006. In the 14 months since, it has welcomed more than 25,000 people through its doors.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+British+Library%3A+An+excellent+business+support+centre&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fsme%2Fthe-british-library-an-excellent-business-support-centre-451812.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929010654/http://www.startups.co.uk/what-s-on-offer-at-the-british-library-business-and-ip-centre.html">"What's on offer at the British Library Business & IP Centre?"</a>. Startups. 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British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130715235317/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/atyourdesk/docsupply/help/customerupdates/index.html#BLDSS:OnlineOrderinglaunchedApril2013">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfsa.gov.au/blog/2010/07/30/british-library-sound-archive-staff-exchange-program-week-2/">the original</a> on 7 March 2011. 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Brightsolid. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brightsolid.com/news/recent-news/british-library-and-brightsolid-partnership-to-digitise-up-to-40-million-pages-of-historic-newspapers">the original</a> on 11 January 2011. 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BBC News. 29 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111201173430/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15924466">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2011. 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Retrieved 15 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=blogs.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Old+Javanese+copper+charters+in+the+British+Library+%E2%80%93+Asian+and+African+studies+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2016%2F12%2Fold-javanese-copper-charters-in-the-british-library.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-gospel-of-john-papyrus">"Gospel of John papyrus"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031054414/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-gospel-of-john-papyrus">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Gospel+of+John+papyrus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fthe-gospel-of-john-papyrus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/letters-of-cyprian">"Letters of Cyprian"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620214346/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/letters-of-cyprian">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Letters+of+Cyprian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fletters-of-cyprian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2019/11/british-library-receives-gift-of-the-pali-tipitaka.html">"British Library receives gift of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka – Asian and African studies blog"</a>. blogs.bl.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121021105/https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2019/11/british-library-receives-gift-of-the-pali-tipitaka.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogs.bl.uk&rft.atitle=British+Library+receives+gift+of+the+P%C4%81%E1%B8%B7i+Tipi%E1%B9%ADaka+%E2%80%93+Asian+and+African+studies+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2019%2F11%2Fbritish-library-receives-gift-of-the-pali-tipitaka.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idpuk.blogspot.com/2016/05/a-gilgit-manuscript-at-british-library.html">"A Gilgit manuscript at the British Library"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129162930/http://idpuk.blogspot.com/2016/05/a-gilgit-manuscript-at-british-library.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Gilgit+manuscript+at+the+British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidpuk.blogspot.com%2F2016%2F05%2Fa-gilgit-manuscript-at-british-library.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_5412">"Add MS 5412 : Deed of sale ('The Ravenna Papyrus')"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209142349/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_5412">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Add+MS+5412+%3A+Deed+of+sale+%28%27The+Ravenna+Papyrus%27%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DAdd_MS_5412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=18460&CollID=28&NStart=1934">"British Library catalogue"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220208115421/https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=18460&CollID=28&NStart=1934">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Library+catalogue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcatalogues%2Filluminatedmanuscripts%2Frecord.asp%3FMSID%3D18460%26CollID%3D28%26NStart%3D1934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2016/04/the-british-librarys-oldest-quran-manuscript-now-online.html">"The British Library's oldest Qur'an manuscript now online - Asian and African studies blog"</a>. blogs.bl.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120133230/https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2016/04/the-british-librarys-oldest-quran-manuscript-now-online.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogs.bl.uk&rft.atitle=The+British+Library%27s+oldest+Qur%27an+manuscript+now+online+-+Asian+and+African+studies+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2016%2F04%2Fthe-british-librarys-oldest-quran-manuscript-now-online.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_37768">"Add Ms 37768: Psalter in the Gallican version with canticles"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411232526/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_37768">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Add+Ms+37768%3A+Psalter+in+the+Gallican+version+with+canticles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DAdd_MS_37768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724162623/http://www.bl.uk/aboutus/quickinfo/facts/index.html">"BL, Facts & figures"</a>. British Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/aboutus/quickinfo/facts/index.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=BL%2C+Facts+%26+figures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Faboutus%2Fquickinfo%2Ffacts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=6411">"Pauline Epistles, Epistle to the Laodiceans, Catholic Epistles, Acts"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617014631/https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=6411">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Pauline+Epistles%2C+Epistle+to+the+Laodiceans%2C+Catholic+Epistles%2C+Acts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcatalogues%2Filluminatedmanuscripts%2Frecord.asp%3FMSID%3D6411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrosius" class="citation web cs1">Orosius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=8372">"Historum adversum paganos"</a>. Brisith Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927083044/https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=8372">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brisith+Library&rft.atitle=Historum+adversum+paganos&rft.au=Orosius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcatalogues%2Filluminatedmanuscripts%2Frecord.asp%3FMSID%3D8372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7622&CollID=27&NStart=25600&_ga=2.248923207.1382369598.1613992646-1310042392.1610888586">"Passional, , including saints of Cordoba, Spain"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617012323/https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7622&CollID=27&NStart=25600&_ga=2.248923207.1382369598.1613992646-1310042392.1610888586">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Passional%2C+%2C+including+saints+of+Cordoba%2C+Spain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcatalogues%2Filluminatedmanuscripts%2Frecord.asp%3FMSID%3D7622%26CollID%3D27%26NStart%3D25600%26_ga%3D2.248923207.1382369598.1613992646-1310042392.1610888586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_37517">"Add MS 37517: Psalter (The'Bosworth Psalter') with gloss in Latin"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114141052/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_37517">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Add+MS+37517%3A+Psalter+%28The%27Bosworth+Psalter%27%29+with+gloss+in+Latin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DAdd_MS_37517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/englit/beowulf/">"Beowulf: sole surviving manuscript"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918053838/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/englit/beowulf/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beowulf%3A+sole+surviving+manuscript&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fonlinegallery%2Fonlineex%2Fenglit%2Fbeowulf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=8097">"Gospels"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617022439/https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=8097">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Gospels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcatalogues%2Filluminatedmanuscripts%2Frecord.asp%3FMSID%3D8097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_2821">"Harley Ms 2821: Gospel-book"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190816223204/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_2821">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Harley+Ms+2821%3A+Gospel-book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DHarley_MS_2821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Egerton_MS_608">"Egerton MS 608: The Four Gospels"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104161441/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Egerton_MS_608">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Egerton+MS+608%3A+The+Four+Gospels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DEgerton_MS_608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_2970">"Harley MS 2970: Gospel lectionary"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411232521/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_2970">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Harley+MS+2970%3A+Gospel+lectionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DHarley_MS_2970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2014/04/lorsch-manuscripts-in-the-british-library.html">"Lorsch Manuscripts in the British Library – Medieval manuscripts blog"</a>. britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112040604/https://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2014/04/lorsch-manuscripts-in-the-british-library.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk&rft.atitle=Lorsch+Manuscripts+in+the+British+Library+%E2%80%93+Medieval+manuscripts+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishlibrary.typepad.co.uk%2Fdigitisedmanuscripts%2F2014%2F04%2Florsch-manuscripts-in-the-british-library.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Royal_MS_1_c_vii">"Royal MS 1 C VII"</a>. Digitised Manuscripts. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128183611/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Royal_MS_1_C_VII">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digitised+Manuscripts&rft.atitle=Royal+MS+1+C+VII&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DRoyal_MS_1_c_vii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/11th-century-aristocratic-psalter">"11th-century illuminated Psalter"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808001324/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/11th-century-aristocratic-psalter">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=11th-century+illuminated+Psalter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2F11th-century-aristocratic-psalter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308053432/https://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=IAMS041-001102263&indx=17&recIds=IAMS041-001102263&recIdxs=6&elementId=6&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A(BL)&frbg=&tab=local&dstmp=1613056246956&srt=rank&mode=Basic&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Egmond%20&vid=IAMS_VU2">British Library</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=6430">"Book of Hours"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104014332/http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=6430">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Book+of+Hours&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcatalogues%2Filluminatedmanuscripts%2Frecord.asp%3FMSID%3D6430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-rutland-psalter">"Rutland Psalter"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227093336/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-rutland-psalter">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Rutland+Psalter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fthe-rutland-psalter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_50000">"Add MS 50000: Psalter (the 'Oscott Psalter')"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502090206/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_50000">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Add+MS+50000%3A+Psalter+%28the+%27Oscott+Psalter%27%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DAdd_MS_50000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/hispano-moresque-haggadah-or-2737">"The Hispano-Moresque Haggadah"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317020508/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/hispano-moresque-haggadah-or-2737">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=The+Hispano-Moresque+Haggadah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fhispano-moresque-haggadah-or-2737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_17341">"Add MS 17341: Gospel Lectionary, Use of Paris"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200116135753/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_17341">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Add+MS+17341%3A+Gospel+Lectionary%2C+Use+of+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DAdd_MS_17341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-ordinances-of-1311#:~:text=The%20final%20version%20of%20the,13).">"British Library"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918145114/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-ordinances-of-1311#:~:text=The%20final%20version%20of%20the,13).">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fthe-ordinances-of-1311%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520final%2520version%2520of%2520the%2C13%29.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/samaritan-pentateuch">"Samaritan Pentateuch"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201223754/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/samaritan-pentateuch">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Samaritan+Pentateuch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fsamaritan-pentateuch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/barcelona.html">"Barcelona Haggadah"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180715222354/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/barcelona.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barcelona+Haggadah&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fonlinegallery%2Fsacredtexts%2Fbarcelona.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/sister-haggadah-or-2884">"The Sister Haggadah"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417152939/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/sister-haggadah-or-2884">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=The+Sister+Haggadah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fsister-haggadah-or-2884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/brother-haggadah-or-1404">"The Brother Haggadah"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126053928/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/brother-haggadah-or-1404">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=The+Brother+Haggadah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fbrother-haggadah-or-1404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/asian-and-african/2014/12/the-london-qazwini-goes-live.html">"The London Qazwini Goes Live – Asian and African studies blog"</a>. britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927155803/https://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/asian-and-african/2014/12/the-london-qazwini-goes-live.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+London+Qazwini+Goes+Live+%E2%80%93+Asian+and+African+studies+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishlibrary.typepad.co.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2014%2F12%2Fthe-london-qazwini-goes-live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?docId=IAMS032-002085314&fn=permalink&vid=IAMS_VU2">British Library</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/thomas-malorys-le-morte-darthur">"Le Morte Darthur"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226004414/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/thomas-malorys-le-morte-darthur">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Le+Morte+Darthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fthomas-malorys-le-morte-darthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=BLVU1&search_scope=LSCOP-ALL&docId=BLL01002189147&fn=permalink">"Begin. [fol. 1 recto: A]D te leuaui animam meam, etc. End. [fol. 160 recto:] Dona nobis pacem. Finit feliciter. G.L. - British Library"</a>. explore.bl.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130161506/http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=BLVU1&search_scope=LSCOP-ALL&docId=BLL01002189147&fn=permalink">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=explore.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Begin.+%5Bfol.+1+recto%3A+A%5DD+te+leuaui+animam+meam%2C+etc.+End.+%5Bfol.+160+recto%3A%5D+Dona+nobis+pacem.+Finit+feliciter.+G.L.+-+British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexplore.bl.uk%2Fprimo_library%2Flibweb%2Faction%2FdlDisplay.do%3Fvid%3DBLVU1%26search_scope%3DLSCOP-ALL%26docId%3DBLL01002189147%26fn%3Dpermalink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/anne-boleyn-book-of-hours">"Anne Boleyn's Bokk of Hours"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026081811/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/anne-boleyn-book-of-hours">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Anne+Boleyn%27s+Bokk+of+Hours&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fanne-boleyn-book-of-hours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_20927">"Add MS 20927: Book of Hours (The 'Stuart de Rothesay Hours')"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151221113804/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_20927">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Add+MS+20927%3A+Book+of+Hours+%28The+%27Stuart+de+Rothesay+Hours%27%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DAdd_MS_20927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/william-tyndales-new-testament#:~:text=William%20Tyndale%20paid%20for%20his,translation%20of%20the%20Old%20Testament.">"Tyndale's New Testament, 1526"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331131727/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/william-tyndales-new-testament#:~:text=William%20Tyndale%20paid%20for%20his,translation%20of%20the%20Old%20Testament.">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Tyndale%27s+New+Testament%2C+1526&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fwilliam-tyndales-new-testament%23%3A~%3Atext%3DWilliam%2520Tyndale%2520paid%2520for%2520his%2Ctranslation%2520of%2520the%2520Old%2520Testament.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/taverner-prayer-book">"Taverner Prayer Book"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810054843/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/taverner-prayer-book">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Taverner+Prayer+Book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Ftaverner-prayer-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroke" class="citation web cs1">Croke, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7213">"Psalms in English verse"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127155443/https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7213">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Psalms+in+English+verse&rft.aulast=Croke&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcatalogues%2Filluminatedmanuscripts%2Frecord.asp%3FMSID%3D7213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/lady-jane-greys-prayer-book">"Lady Jane Grey's prayer book"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307025952/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/lady-jane-greys-prayer-book">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Lady+Jane+Grey%27s+prayer+book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Flady-jane-greys-prayer-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7530">"The Triumphs of Charles V"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817012433/http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7530">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=The+Triumphs+of+Charles+V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcatalogues%2Filluminatedmanuscripts%2Frecord.asp%3FMSID%3D7530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Or_4615">"Dārābnāmah by Abū Ṭāhir Ṭarsūsī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasanداراب نامه"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318235110/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Or_4615">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=D%C4%81r%C4%81bn%C4%81mah+by+Ab%C5%AB+%E1%B9%AC%C4%81hir+%E1%B9%ACars%C5%ABs%C4%AB%2C+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+%E1%B8%A4asan%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DOr_4615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130522/https://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=IAMS040-001945967&indx=19&recIds=IAMS040-001945967&recIdxs=8&elementId=8&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A(BL)&frbg=&tab=local&dstmp=1616178206615&srt=rank&mode=Basic&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Don%20Quixote&vid=IAMS_VU2">British Library</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/anvar-i-suhayli">"The Anvar-i Suhayli ('Lights of Canopus')"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208223100/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/anvar-i-suhayli">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=The+Anvar-i+Suhayli+%28%27Lights+of+Canopus%27%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fanvar-i-suhayli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2019/05/ink-in-the-clink.html">"British Library Blog"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116102218/https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2019/05/ink-in-the-clink.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Library+Blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fdigitisedmanuscripts%2F2019%2F05%2Fink-in-the-clink.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/turning-the-pages/?id=68b0d8eb-787f-4609-9028-8cd17ff05c96&type=book">"Turning the Pages™ - British Library"</a>. www.bl.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201110171715/http://www.bl.uk/turning-the-pages/?id=68b0d8eb-787f-4609-9028-8cd17ff05c96&type=book">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Turning+the+Pages%E2%84%A2+-+British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fturning-the-pages%2F%3Fid%3D68b0d8eb-787f-4609-9028-8cd17ff05c96%26type%3Dbook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/asian-and-african/2014/12/javanese-manuscript-art-serat-selarasa.html">"Javanese manuscript art: Serat Selarasa - Asian and African studies blog"</a>. britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213231937/https://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/asian-and-african/2014/12/javanese-manuscript-art-serat-selarasa.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk&rft.atitle=Javanese+manuscript+art%3A+Serat+Selarasa+-+Asian+and+African+studies+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishlibrary.typepad.co.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2014%2F12%2Fjavanese-manuscript-art-serat-selarasa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2013/09/the-crown-of-kings-a-deluxe-malay-manuscript-from-penang.html">"The Crown of Kings: a deluxe Malay manuscript from Penang - Asian and African studies blog"</a>. blogs.bl.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213043700/https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2013/09/the-crown-of-kings-a-deluxe-malay-manuscript-from-penang.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogs.bl.uk&rft.atitle=The+Crown+of+Kings%3A+a+deluxe+Malay+manuscript+from+Penang+-+Asian+and+African+studies+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2013%2F09%2Fthe-crown-of-kings-a-deluxe-malay-manuscript-from-penang.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2019/10/vietnamese-manuscripts-in-the-british-library.html">"Vietnamese manuscripts in the British Library - Asian and African studies blog"</a>. blogs.bl.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023024249/https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2019/10/vietnamese-manuscripts-in-the-british-library.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogs.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Vietnamese+manuscripts+in+the+British+Library+-+Asian+and+African+studies+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2019%2F10%2Fvietnamese-manuscripts-in-the-british-library.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Royal_MS_18_D_III">"Royal MS 18 D III: The Burghley Atlas"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629063657/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Royal_MS_18_D_III">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Royal+MS+18+D+III%3A+The+Burghley+Atlas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DRoyal_MS_18_D_III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/music/2014/04/mozartmanuscriptsonline.html">"British Library Blog"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116131446/https://blogs.bl.uk/music/2014/04/mozartmanuscriptsonline.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Library+Blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fmusic%2F2014%2F04%2Fmozartmanuscriptsonline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/alices-adventures-under-ground-the-original-manuscript-version-of-alices-adventures-in-wonderland">"Alice's Adventures Under Ground', the original manuscript version of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"</a>. The British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229133908/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/alices-adventures-under-ground-the-original-manuscript-version-of-alices-adventures-in-wonderland">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Library&rft.atitle=Alice%27s+Adventures+Under+Ground%27%2C+the+original+manuscript+version+of+Alice%27s+Adventures+in+Wonderland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Falices-adventures-under-ground-the-original-manuscript-version-of-alices-adventures-in-wonderland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> "Purchased by Eldridge Reeves Johnson, inventor of the Victor Talking Machine, the manuscript was exhibited at the Library of Congress from October 1929 to February 1930. After Johnson's death in 1945, the manuscript was purchased at auction by a group of Americans led by Lessing Rosenwald, A. S. W. Rosenbach and Librarian of Congress Luther Evans. On 13 Nov. 1948, Evans presented the manuscript to the British Museum as a gift to Great Britain from a group of anonymous Americans in gratitude for Britain's heroic efforts in holding Hitler at bay until the United States entered World War II." </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2016" class="citation web cs1">Allen, Erin (19 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/05/lcm-page-from-the-past-alices-adventures-in-the-library-of-congress/">"Page from the Past: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Library of Congress Blog"</a>. blogs.loc.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211012231/https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/05/lcm-page-from-the-past-alices-adventures-in-the-library-of-congress/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogs.loc.gov&rft.atitle=Page+from+the+Past%3A+Alice%27s+Adventures+in+Wonderland+%26%23124%3B+Library+of+Congress+Blog&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.loc.gov%2Floc%2F2016%2F05%2Flcm-page-from-the-past-alices-adventures-in-the-library-of-congress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWight" class="citation web cs1">Wight, Colin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/alice">"Lewis Carroll's 'Alice's Adventures Under Ground'"</a>. www.bl.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203210409/http://www.bl.uk/alice">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Lewis+Carroll%27s+%27Alice%27s+Adventures+Under+Ground%27&rft.aulast=Wight&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Falice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNickson1998" class="citation book cs1">Nickson, M.A.E. (1998). The British Library: Guide to the catalogues and indexes of the Department of Manuscripts (3rd ed.). London: British Library. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0712306609" title="Special:BookSources/0712306609"><bdi>0712306609</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Library%3A+Guide+to+the+catalogues+and+indexes+of+the+Department+of+Manuscripts&rft.place=London&rft.pages=4&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0712306609&rft.aulast=Nickson&rft.aufirst=M.A.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/manuscripts/ongoingcoll/ongoingcollections.html">"Manuscripts: Ongoing collections"</a>. British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818082111/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/manuscripts/ongoingcoll/ongoingcollections.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manuscripts%3A+Ongoing+collections&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Freshelp%2Ffindhelprestype%2Fmanuscripts%2Fongoingcoll%2Fongoingcollections.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/people/experts">"Experts"</a>. www.bl.uk. The British Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200530111227/https://www.bl.uk/people/experts">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Experts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fpeople%2Fexperts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> The Library Association Record; October 2001; vol. 103 (10), pp. 612–615. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/press/rebecca-lawrence-appointed-as-new-chief-executive-of-the-british-library/">"Rebecca Lawrence appointed as new Chief Executive of the British Library"</a>. The British Library. Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Library&rft.atitle=Rebecca+Lawrence+appointed+as+new+Chief+Executive+of+the+British+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fpress%2Frebecca-lawrence-appointed-as-new-chief-executive-of-the-british-library%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/living-knowledge/2018/06/parting-words-from-our-chief-librarian.html">"Parting words from our Chief Librarian"</a>. British Library - Knowledge Matters Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131195443/https://blogs.bl.uk/living-knowledge/2018/06/parting-words-from-our-chief-librarian.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library+-+Knowledge+Matters+Blog&rft.atitle=Parting+words+from+our+Chief+Librarian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fliving-knowledge%2F2018%2F06%2Fparting-words-from-our-chief-librarian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebookseller.com/news/jolly-succeed-brazier-bl-chief-librarian-790706">"Jolly to succeed Brazier as BL's chief librarian"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613234200/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/jolly-succeed-brazier-bl-chief-librarian-790706">Archived</a> 13 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 23 May 2018 by Benedicte Page, <a href="/wiki/The_Bookseller" title="The Bookseller">The Bookseller</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <ul><li>Barker, Nicolas (1989) Treasures of the British Library; compiled by Nicolas Barker and the curatorial staff of the British Library. New York: Harry N. Abrams <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-1653-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-1653-3">0-8109-1653-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Day" title="Alan Day">Day, Alan</a> (1998). Inside the British Library. London: <a href="/wiki/Library_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Library Association">Library Association</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1856042804" title="Special:BookSources/1856042804">1856042804</a>.</li> <li>Francis, Sir Frank, ed. (1971) Treasures of the British Museum. 360 pp. London: Thames & Hudson; ch. 6: manuscripts, by T. S, Patties; ch. 9: oriental printed books and manuscripts, by A. Gaur; ch. 12: printed books, by H. M. Nixon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Harris" title="Phil Harris">Harris, Phil</a> (1998). A History of the British Museum Library, 1753–1973. London: British Library. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0712345620" title="Special:BookSources/0712345620">0712345620</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Howard_(journalist)" title="Philip Howard (journalist)">Howard, Philip</a> (2008). The British Library, a Treasure of Knowledge. London: Scala. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1857593754" title="Special:BookSources/978-1857593754">978-1857593754</a>.</li> <li>Leapman, Michael (2012). The Book of the British Library. London: British Library. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0712358378" title="Special:BookSources/978-0712358378">978-0712358378</a>.</li> <li>Mandelbrote, Giles, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Taylor_(editor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Taylor (editor) (page does not exist)">Barry Taylor</a> (2009). Libraries Within the Library: The Origins of the British Library's Printed Collections. London: British Library. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0712350358" title="Special:BookSources/978-0712350358">978-0712350358</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Proctor_(bibliographer)" title="Robert Proctor (bibliographer)">Proctor, Robert</a> (2010). A Critical Edition of the Private Diaries of Robert Proctor: The Life of a Librarian at the British Museum, edited by J. H. Bowman. Lewiston, New York: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0773436340" title="Special:BookSources/0773436340">0773436340</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchie1997" class="citation book cs1">Ritchie, Berry (1997). The Good Builder: The John Laing Story. James & James.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Good+Builder%3A+The+John+Laing+Story&rft.pub=James+%26+James&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Berry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_St._John_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Colin St. John Wilson">Wilson, Colin St. John</a> (1998). The Design and Construction of the British Library. London: British Library. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0712306587" title="Special:BookSources/0712306587">0712306587</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23308#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><noscript><img alt="Edit 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<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.bl.uk/">Explore the British Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716220809/http://explore.bl.uk/">Archived</a> 16 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (main catalogue; includes newspapers)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imagesonline.bl.uk/?service=page&action=show_page&name=kings-page&language=en">The King's Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324070820/https://imagesonline.bl.uk/?service=page&action=show_page&name=kings-page&language=en">Archived</a> 24 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> contained within The British Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/hightours/diamsutra/">The World's Earliest Dated Printed Book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100603032016/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/hightours/diamsutra/">Archived</a> 3 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/bipc">The Business & IP Centre homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/learning/">British Library Learning homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.bl.uk/blcs/">British Library newspapers 1800–1900 online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-architect.co.uk/london/british-library">British Library building photos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/timeline">Timelines: sources from history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100201134618/http://www.bl.uk/timeline">Archived</a> 1 February 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, an interactive history timeline that explores collection items chronologically, from medieval times to the present day</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharity_Commission1148608" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1148608&subId=0">"The British Library Trust, registered charity no. 1148608"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charity_Commission_for_England_and_Wales" title="Charity Commission for England and Wales">Charity Commission for England and Wales</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+British+Library+Trust%2C+registered+charity+no.+1148608&rft.pub=Charity+Commission+for+England+and+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregister-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk%2Fcharity-details%2F%3FregId%3D1148608%26subId%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Library" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217042310/http://www.bl.uk/eblj/">"British Library Journal"</a>, Electronic British Library Journal, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1478-0259">1478-0259</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/eblj">the original</a> on 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auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">British Library at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/British_Library" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/British Library">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="14" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:British_Library" class="extiw" title="c:Category:British Library">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/British_Library" class="extiw" title="q:British Library">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/British_Library" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/British Library">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23308" class="extiw" title="d:Q23308">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Library&oldid=1258965074">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Library&oldid=1258965074</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=British_Library&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 22 November 2024, at 16:35 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المكتبة البريطانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المكتبة البريطانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_British_Library" title="The British Library – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="The British Library" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaniya_Milli_Kitabxanas%C4%B1" title="Britaniya Milli Kitabxanası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Britaniya Milli Kitabxanası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ব্রিটিশ গ্রন্থাগার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রিটিশ গ্রন্থাগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Британия китапханаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Британия китапханаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Брытанская бібліятэка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брытанская бібліятэка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Брытанская бібліятэка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брытанская бібліятэка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Британска библиотека – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Британска библиотека" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanska_biblioteka" title="Britanska biblioteka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Britanska biblioteka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Brit%C3%A0nica" title="Biblioteca Britànica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biblioteca Britànica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A1_knihovna" title="Britská knihovna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Britská knihovna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llyfrgell_Brydeinig" title="Llyfrgell Brydeinig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llyfrgell Brydeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briti_Raamatukogu" title="Briti Raamatukogu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Briti Raamatukogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Βρετανική Βιβλιοθήκη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βρετανική Βιβλιοθήκη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brita_Biblioteko" title="Brita Biblioteko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brita Biblioteko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کتابخانه بریتانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتابخانه بریتانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%98%81_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80" title="대영 도서관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대영 도서관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բրիտանական գրադարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիտանական գրադարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="ब्रिटिश पुस्तकालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रिटिश पुस्तकालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanska_knji%C5%BEnica" title="Britanska knjižnica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Britanska knjižnica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpustakaan_Britania" title="Perpustakaan Britania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perpustakaan Britania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0b%C3%B3kasafn_Bretlands" title="Þjóðbókasafn Bretlands – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðbókasafn Bretlands" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הספרייה הבריטית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הספרייה הבריטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Британдық кітапхана – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Британдық кітапхана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirt%C3%BBkxaneya_Br%C3%AEtanyay%C3%AA" title="Pirtûkxaneya Brîtanyayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pirtûkxaneya Brîtanyayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Britannica" title="Bibliotheca Britannica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bibliotheca Britannica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britu_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Britu bibliotēka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Britu bibliotēka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%C5%B3_biblioteka" title="Britų biblioteka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Britų biblioteka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Британска библиотека – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Британска библиотека" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ലൈബ്രറി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ലൈബ്രറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="المكتبه البريطانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المكتبه البريطانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpustakaan_British" title="Perpustakaan British – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perpustakaan British" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Британийн номын сан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Британийн номын сан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="ब्रिटिस पुस्तकालय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ब्रिटिस पुस्तकालय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="大英図書館 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大英図書館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaniya_kutubxonasi" title="Britaniya kutubxonasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Britaniya kutubxonasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਲਾਇਬਰੇਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਲਾਇਬਰੇਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="برېتانوي کتابتون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برېتانوي کتابتون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteka_Brytyjska" title="Biblioteka Brytyjska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biblioteka Brytyjska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Brit%C3%A2nica" title="Biblioteca Britânica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biblioteca Britânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Britanic%C4%83" title="Biblioteca Britanică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biblioteca Britanică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Британская библиотека – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Британская библиотека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Librar" title="British Librar – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="British Librar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanska_knji%C5%BEnica" title="Britanska knjižnica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Britanska knjižnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanska_biblioteka" title="Britanska biblioteka – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Britanska biblioteka" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="British Library" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரித்தானிய நூலகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரித்தானிய நூலகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%91" title="Китобхонаи Британиё – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Китобхонаи Британиё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanya_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Britanya Kütüphanesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Britanya Kütüphanesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Британська бібліотека – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Британська бібліотека" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B4_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="برٹش لائبریری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برٹش لائبریری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_Anh" title="Thư viện Vương quốc Liên hiệp Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thư viện Vương quốc Liên hiệp Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulod-Barasahan_Britanika" title="Sulod-Barasahan Britanika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sulod-Barasahan Britanika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="大英图书馆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大英图书馆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="大英圖書館 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大英圖書館" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="大英图书馆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大英图书馆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 16:35 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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