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Slavonic</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Church_Slavonic" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a 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class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the first Slavic literary language, see <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Church Slavonic</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative (language)">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic language">Slavic</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">liturgical language</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Orthodox_Church" title="Belarusian Orthodox Church">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Ohrid_Archbishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Ohrid Archbishopric">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church">Czech Republic and Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Croatia" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Croatia">Croatia</a>. The language appears also in the services of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_of_Russia" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Carpatho-Russian_Orthodox_Diocese" title="American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese">American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese</a>, and occasionally in the services of the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a>. </p><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Church Slavonic</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Church Slavic</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Church Slavonic-language text"><span lang="cu-Cyrs">Црькъвьнословѣ́ньскъ ѩꙁꙑ́къ</span></span><br> <span title="Church Slavonic-language text"><span lang="cu-Cyrs">Церковнославѧ́нскїй Ѧ҆зы́къ</span></span><br><span title="Church Slavonic-language text"><span lang="cu-Glag">ⱌⱃⰽⰲⰰⱀⱁⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱄⰽⱜ ⰵⰸⰻⰽⱜ</span></span><br><span title="Church Slavonic-language text"><span lang="cu-Glag">ⱌⰹⱃⱏⰽⱏⰲⱏⱀⱁⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏⰹ ⱗⰸⱏⰻⰽⱏ</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiev_psalter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kiev_psalter.jpg/200px-Kiev_psalter.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kiev_psalter.jpg/300px-Kiev_psalter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kiev_psalter.jpg/400px-Kiev_psalter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="601"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Page from the <a href="/wiki/Spiridon_Psalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiridon Psalter">Spiridon Psalter</a> in Church Slavonic</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i><sup id="cite_ref-e25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Balto-Slavic_languages" title="Balto-Slavic languages">Balto-Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_South_Slavic" title="Eastern South Slavic">Eastern South Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Church Slavonic</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early form</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic alphabet</a><br><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic alphabet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=cu">cu</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=91">chu</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/chu" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:chu">chu</a></code> (includes <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chur1257">chur1257</a></code> Church Slavic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=53-AAA-a">53-AAA-a</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>In addition, Church Slavonic is used by some churches which consider themselves Orthodox but are not in communion with the Orthodox Church, such as the <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Orthodox_Church" title="Montenegrin Orthodox Church">Montenegrin Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_True_Orthodox_Church_(Lazar_Zhurbenko)" title="Russian True Orthodox Church (Lazar Zhurbenko)">Russian True Orthodox Church</a>. The Russian <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Edinoverie" title="Edinoverie">Co-Believers</a> also use Church Slavonic. </p><p>Church Slavonic is also used by <a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Catholic">Greek Catholic</a> Churches in <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic countries</a>, for example the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Greek_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Greek Catholic Church">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a> Greek Catholics, as well as by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> (Croatian and Czech recensions). </p><p>In the past, Church Slavonic was also used by the Orthodox Churches in the <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a> lands until the late 17th and early 18th centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as by <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Historical_development"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Historical development</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Recensions"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Recensions</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Russian_(Synodal)_recension"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Russian (Synodal) recension</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Standard_(Russian)_variant"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Standard (Russian) variant</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Old_Moscow_recension"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Old Moscow recension</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Ukrainian_and_Rusyn_recension"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ukrainian and Rusyn recension</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Serbian_recension"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Serbian recension</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Croatian_recension"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Croatian recension</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Czech_recension"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Czech recension</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Grammar_and_style"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Grammar and style</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Historical_development">Historical development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical development" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Church Slavonic represents a later stage of <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a>, and is the continuation of the liturgical tradition introduced by two <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonian</a> brothers, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Saints Cyril and Methodius</a>, in the late 9th century in <a href="/wiki/Nitra" title="Nitra">Nitra</a>, a principal town and religious and scholarly center of <a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Great Moravia</a> (located in present-day <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>). There the first Slavic translations of the <a href="/wiki/Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripture">Scripture</a> and liturgy from <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> were made. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianization of Bulgaria</a> in 864, Saint <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Ohrid" title="Clement of Ohrid">Clement of Ohrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Naum" title="Saint Naum">Saint Naum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a> were of great importance to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox faith</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> liturgy in the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>. The success of the <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">conversion of the Bulgarians</a> facilitated the conversion of the <a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major event was the development of the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a> in the 9th century. The Cyrillic script and the liturgy in Old Church Slavonic, also called <a href="/wiki/Old_Bulgarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Bulgarian">Old Bulgarian</a>, were declared official in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> in 893.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 12th century, individual Slavic languages started to emerge, and the liturgical language was modified in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and orthography according to the local <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> usage. These modified varieties or <i>recensions</i> (e.g. Serbian Church Slavonic, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Church_Slavonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Church Slavonic">Russian Church Slavonic</a>, Ukrainian Church Slavonic in <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Cyrillic">Early Cyrillic</a> script, Croatian Church Slavonic in Croatian <a href="/wiki/Angular_Glagolitic" title="Angular Glagolitic">angular Glagolitic</a> and later in <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>, Czech Church Slavonic, Slovak Church Slavonic in Latin script, Bulgarian Church Slavonic in <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Cyrillic">Early Cyrillic</a> and Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic">Glagolitic</a> scripts, etc.) eventually stabilized and their regularized forms were used by the scribes to produce new translations of liturgical material from <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> in the case of Croatian Church Slavonic. </p><p>Attestation of Church Slavonic traditions appear in <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Cyrillic">Early Cyrillic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic script</a>. Glagolitic has nowadays fallen out of use, though both scripts were used from the earliest attested period. </p><p>The first Church Slavonic printed book was the <i><a href="/wiki/Missale_Romanum_Glagolitice" title="Missale Romanum Glagolitice">Missale Romanum Glagolitice</a></i> (1483) in angular Glagolitic, followed shortly by five Cyrillic liturgical books printed in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> in 1491. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Recensions">Recensions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recensions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Csl-luke20.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Csl-luke20.png/220px-Csl-luke20.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="1120"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 193px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Csl-luke20.png/220px-Csl-luke20.png" data-width="220" data-height="193" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Csl-luke20.png/330px-Csl-luke20.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Csl-luke20.png/440px-Csl-luke20.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>An example of Russian Church Slavonic computer typography</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information (in Russian): <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Изводы церковнославянского языка">ru:Изводы церковнославянского языка</a></div> <p>The Church Slavonic language is actually a set of at least four different <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a> (recensions or redactions; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">извод</span>, izvod), with essential distinctions between them in dictionary, spelling (even in writing systems), phonetics, and other aspects. The most widespread recension, Russian, has several local sub-dialects in turn, with slightly different pronunciations. </p><p>These various Church Slavonic recensions were used as a liturgical and literary language in all Orthodox countries north of the Mediterranean region during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, even in places where the local population was not Slavic (especially in <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a>). In recent centuries, however, Church Slavonic was fully replaced by local languages in the non-Slavic countries. Even in some of the Slavic Orthodox countries, the modern national language is now used for liturgical purposes to a greater or lesser extent. </p><p>The Russian Orthodox Church, which contains around half of all Orthodox believers, still holds its liturgies almost entirely in Church Slavonic.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there exist <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a> which use other languages (where the main problem has been a lack of good translations).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include: </p> <ul><li>According to the decision of the All-Russian Church Council of 1917–1918, service in Russian or Ukrainian can be permitted in individual parishes when approved by church authorities.</li> <li>Parishes serving ethnic minorities in Russia use (entirely or in part) the languages of those populations: <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mordvinic_languages" title="Mordvinic languages">Mordvinic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mari_language" title="Mari language">Mari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Ker%C3%A4%C5%9Fens" class="mw-redirect" title="Keräşens">Keräşens</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sakha_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakha language">Sakha (Yakut)</a>, etc.</li> <li>Autonomous parts of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> prepare and partly use translations to the languages of the local population, as Ukrainian, Belarusian, Romanian (in Moldova), Japanese, and Chinese.</li> <li>Parishes in the diaspora, including ones of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia</a>, often use local languages: English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch, Portuguese, etc.</li></ul> <p>What follows is a list of modern recensions or dialects of Church Slavonic. For a list and descriptions of extinct recensions, see the article on the <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_(Synodal)_recension"><span id="Russian_.28Synodal.29_recension"></span>Russian (Synodal) recension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Russian (Synodal) recension" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Church_Slavonic" title="Special:EditPage/Church Slavonic">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information (in Russian): <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Синодальный извод церковнославянского языка">ru:Синодальный извод церковнославянского языка</a></div> <p>The Russian recension of New Church Slavonic is the language of books since the second half of the 17th century. It generally uses traditional Cyrillic script (<span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">poluustav</i></span>); however, certain texts (mostly prayers) are printed in modern alphabets with the spelling adapted to rules of local languages (for example, in Russian/Ukrainian/Bulgarian/Serbian Cyrillic or in Hungarian/Slovak/Polish Latin). </p><p>Before the eighteenth century, Church Slavonic was in wide use as a general <a href="/wiki/Literary_language" title="Literary language">literary language</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Although it was never spoken <i>per se</i> outside church services, members of the priesthood, poets, and the educated tended to slip its expressions into their speech. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was gradually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a> in secular literature and was retained for use only in church. Although as late as the 1760s, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Lomonosov</a> argued that Church Slavonic was the so-called "high style" of Russian, during the nineteenth century within Russia, this point of view declined. Elements of Church Slavonic style may have survived longest in speech among the <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a> after the late-seventeenth century <a href="/wiki/Schism_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schism (religion)">schism</a> in the Russian Orthodox Church. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> has borrowed many words from Church Slavonic. While both Russian and Church Slavonic are Slavic languages, some early Slavic sound combinations evolved differently in each branch. As a result, the borrowings into Russian are similar to native Russian words, but with South Slavic variances, e.g. (the first word in each pair is Russian, the second Church Slavonic): <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">золото</span></span> / <span title="Church Slavonic-language text"><span lang="cu">злато</span></span> (<span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">zoloto</i></span> / <span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">zlato</i></span>), <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">город</span></span> / <span title="Church Slavonic-language text"><span lang="cu">град</span></span> (<span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">gorod</i></span> / <a href="/wiki/Grad_(Slavic_settlement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad (Slavic settlement)"><span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">grad</i></span></a>), <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">горячий</span></span> / <span title="Church Slavonic-language text"><span lang="cu">горящий</span></span> (<span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">goryačiy</i></span> / <span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">goryaščiy</i></span>), <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">рожать</span></span> / <span title="Church Slavonic-language text"><span lang="cu">рождать</span></span> (<span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">rožat’</i></span> / <span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">roždat’</i></span>). Since the Russian Romantic era and the corpus of work of the great Russian authors (from <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Gogol</a> to <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a>), the relationship between words in these pairs has become traditional. Where the abstract meaning has not commandeered the Church Slavonic word completely, the two words are often synonyms related to one another, much as Latin and native English words were related in the nineteenth century: one is archaic and characteristic of written high style, while the other is found in common speech. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Standard_(Russian)_variant"><span id="Standard_.28Russian.29_variant"></span>Standard (Russian) variant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Standard (Russian) variant" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In Russia, Church Slavonic is pronounced in the same way as <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, with some exceptions: </p> <ul><li>Church Slavonic features <i><a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction_in_Russian" title="Vowel reduction in Russian">okanye</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction_in_Russian" title="Vowel reduction in Russian">yekanye</a></i>, i.e., the absence of <a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction" title="Vowel reduction">vowel reduction</a> in unstressed syllables. That is, <a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">о</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">е</a> in unstressed positions are always read as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɛ]</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʲɛ]</span> respectively (like in northern Russian dialects), whereas in standard Russian pronunciation they have different allophones when unstressed.</li> <li>There should be no de-voicing of final consonants, although in practice there often is.</li> <li>The letter <a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">е</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[je]</span> is never read as <a href="/wiki/Yo_(Cyrillic)" title="Yo (Cyrillic)">ё</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jo]</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʲo]</span> (the letter ё does not exist in Church Slavonic writing at all). This is also reflected in borrowings from Church Slavonic into Russian: in the following pairs the first word is Church Slavonic in origin, and the second is purely Russian: небо / нёбо (<i>nebo / nëbo</i>), надежда / надёжный (<i>nadežda / nadëžnyj</i>).</li> <li>The letter <a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Γ</a> can traditionally be read as voiced fricative velar sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɣ]</span> (just as in Southern Russian dialects); however, occlusive <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span> (as in standard Russian pronunciation) is also possible and has been considered acceptable since the beginning of the 20th century. When unvoiced, it becomes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span>; this has influenced the Russian pronunciation of Бог (<i>Bog</i>) as <i>Boh</i> [box].</li> <li>The adjective endings -аго/-его/-ого/-яго are pronounced as written (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aɣo/ago]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʲeɣo/ʲego]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[oɣo/ogo]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʲaɣo/ʲago]</span>), whereas Russian -его/-ого are pronounced with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> instead of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɣ]</span> (and with the reduction of unstressed vowels).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Moscow_recension">Old Moscow recension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Old Moscow recension" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information (in Russian): <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Старомосковский извод церковнославянского языка">ru:Старомосковский извод церковнославянского языка</a></div> <p>The Old Moscow recension is in use among <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edinoverie" title="Edinoverie">Co-Believers</a>. The same traditional Cyrillic alphabet as in Russian Synodal recension; however, there are differences in spelling because the Old Moscow recension reproduces an older state of orthography and grammar in general (before the 1650s). The most easily observable peculiarities of books in this recension are: </p> <ul><li>using of digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨оу⟩</span> not only in the initial position,</li> <li>hyphenation with no hyphenation sign.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukrainian_and_Rusyn_recension">Ukrainian and Rusyn recension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ukrainian and Rusyn recension" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information (in Ukrainian): <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="uk:Київський ізвод">uk:Київський ізвод</a></div> <p>A main difference between Russian and Ukrainian recension of Church Slavonic as well as the Russian "<a href="/wiki/Civil_Script" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Script">Civil Script</a>" lies in the pronunciation of the letter <a href="/wiki/Yat_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yat (Cyrillic)">yat</a> (ѣ). The Russian pronunciation is the same as <a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">е</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[je]</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʲe]</span> whereas the Ukrainian is the same as <a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">и</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholic</a> variants of Church Slavonic books printed in variants of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> (a method used in Austro-Hungary and Czechoslovakia) just contain the letter "i" for yat. Other distinctions reflect differences between palatalization rules of Ukrainian and Russian (for example, <span class="nowrap">⟨ч⟩</span> is always "soft" (palatalized) in Russian pronunciation and "hard" in the Ukrainian one), different pronunciation of letters <span class="nowrap">⟨г⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨щ⟩</span>, etc. Another major difference is the use of Ґ in the Rusyn variant. Г is pronounced as h and Ґ is pronounced as G. For example, Blagosloveno is Blahosloveno in Rusyn variants. </p><p>Typographically, Serbian and Ukrainian editions (when printed in traditional Cyrillic) are almost identical to the Russian ones. Certain visible distinctions may include: </p> <ul><li>less frequent use of abbreviations in "nomina sacra";</li> <li>treating digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨оу⟩</span> as a single character rather than two letters (for example, in letter-spacing or in combination with diacritical marks: in Russian editions, they are placed above <span class="nowrap">⟨у⟩</span>, not between <span class="nowrap">⟨о⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨у⟩</span>; also, when the first letter of a word is printed in different color, it is applied to <span class="nowrap">⟨о⟩</span> in Russian editions and to the entire <span class="nowrap">⟨оу⟩</span> in Serbian and Ukrainian).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbian_recension">Serbian recension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Serbian recension" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Old_Serbian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Serbian language">Old Serbian language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Serbian_law" title="Medieval Serbian law">Medieval Serbian law</a></div> <p>The variant differences are limited to the lack of certain sounds in Serbian phonetics (there are no sounds corresponding to letters ы and щ, and in certain cases the palatalization is impossible to observe, e.g. ть is pronounced as т etc.). <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Serbian_literature" title="Medieval Serbian literature">The medieval Serbian recension</a> of Church Slavonic was gradually replaced by the Russian recension since the early 18th century. </p><p>Nowadays in Serbia, Church Slavonic is generally pronounced according to the Russian model. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatian_recension">Croatian recension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Croatian recension" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1ka_tablet" title="Baška tablet">Baška tablet</a></div> <p>This is in limited use among Croatian Catholics. Texts are printed in the Croatian Latin alphabet (with the addition of letter <span class="nowrap">⟨ě⟩</span> for <a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat">yat</a>) or in Glagolitic script. Sample editions include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Missale_Romanum_Glagolitice" title="Missale Romanum Glagolitice">Missale Romanum Glagolitice</a></i></li> <li>Ioseph Vais, <i>Abecedarivm Palaeoslovenicvm in usvm glagolitarvm</i>. Veglae, [Krk], 1917 (2nd ed.). XXXVI+76 p. (collection of liturgical texts in Glagolitic script, with a brief Church Slavonic grammar written in Latin language and Slavonic-Latin dictionary)</li> <li><i>Rimski misal slavĕnskim jezikom: Čin misi s izbranimi misami...,</i> Zagreb: Kršćanska sadašnjost, 1980 (The ISBN specified even at the publisher 978-953-151-721-5 is bad, causing a checksum error) (in Croatian Latin script)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_recension">Czech recension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Czech recension" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Church Slavonic is in very limited use among Czech Catholics. The recension was developed by Vojtěch Tkadlčík in his editions of the Roman missal: </p> <ul><li><i>Rimskyj misal slověnskym jazykem izvoljenijem Apostolskym za Arcibiskupiju Olomuckuju iskusa dělja izdan</i>. Olomouc 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Rimskyj misal povelěnijem svjataho vselenskaho senma Vatikanskaho druhaho obnovljen...</i> Olomouc 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Grammar_and_style">Grammar and style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Grammar and style" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Although the various recensions of Church Slavonic differ in some points, they share the tendency of approximating the original <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> to the local Slavic vernacular. Inflection tends to follow the ancient patterns with few simplifications. All original six verbal tenses, seven nominal cases, and three numbers are intact in most frequently used traditional texts (but in the newly composed texts, authors avoid most archaic constructions and prefer variants that are closer to modern Russian syntax and are better understood by the Slavic-speaking people). </p><p>In Russian recension, the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Yer" title="Yer">yers</a> is fully reflected, more or less to the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> pattern, although the terminal ъ continues to be written. The <a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">yuses</a> are often replaced or altered in usage to the sixteenth- or seventeenth-century Russian pattern. The <a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat">yat</a> continues to be applied with greater attention to the ancient etymology than it was in nineteenth-century Russian. The letters <a href="/wiki/Ksi_(Cyrillic_letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksi (Cyrillic letter)">ksi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi_(Cyrillic)" title="Psi (Cyrillic)">psi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">omega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ot_(Cyrillic)" title="Ot (Cyrillic)">ot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">izhitsa</a> are kept, as are the letter-based denotation of numerical values, the use of stress accents, and the abbreviations or <i><a href="/wiki/Titlo" title="Titlo">titla</a></i> for <i><a href="/wiki/Nomina_sacra" title="Nomina sacra">nomina sacra</a></i>. </p><p>The vocabulary and syntax, whether in scripture, liturgy, or church missives, are generally somewhat modernised in an attempt to increase comprehension. In particular, some of the ancient pronouns have been eliminated from the scripture (such as етеръ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/jeter/</span> "a certain (person, etc.)" → нѣкій in the Russian recension). Many, but not all, occurrences of the imperfect tense have been replaced with the perfect. </p><p>Miscellaneous other modernisations of classical formulae have taken place from time to time. For example, the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>, by tradition the first words written down by <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saints Cyril and Methodius</a>, (искони бѣаше слово) "In the beginning was the Word", were set as "искони бѣ слово" in the <a href="/wiki/Ostrog_Bible" title="Ostrog Bible">Ostrog Bible</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fyodorov_(printer)" title="Ivan Fyodorov (printer)">Ivan Fedorov</a> (1580/1581) and as въ началѣ бѣ слово in the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bible" title="Elizabeth Bible">Elizabethan Bible</a> of 1751, still in use in the Russian Orthodox Church. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Church_Slavonic" class="extiw" 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class="extiw" title="c:Category:Church Slavonic language">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Church_Slavonic" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Church Slavonic">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Church_Slavonic" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Church Slavonic">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Church_Slavonic" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Church Slavonic">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Church_Slavonic" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Church Slavonic">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Church_Slavonic" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Church Slavonic">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Slavic_history_and_culture" title="Outline of Slavic history and culture">Outline of Slavic history and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slavic_studies_journals" title="List of Slavic studies journals">List of Slavic studies journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Glagolitic_printed_works" title="List of Glagolitic printed works">List of Glagolitic books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Glagolitic_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Glagolitic manuscripts">List of Glagolitic manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters_for_transcribing_Slavonic" title="Chinese characters for transcribing Slavonic">Chinese characters for transcribing Slavonic</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a>: <span lang="cu">црькъвьнословѣньскъ ѩзыкъ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">crĭkŭvĭnoslověnĭskŭ językŭ</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Church-Slavonic language'; <br> Russian Church Slavonic: <span lang="cu">Церковнославѣньскїй ѧзыкъ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">Cerkovnoslavěnskij jazyk</i></span>; <br> [ⱌⱃⰽⰲⰰⱀⱁⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱄⰽⱜ ⰵⰸⰻⰽⱜ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: [undefined] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Langx}}: missing language tag (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 16) (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>; <br> Czech Church Slavonic: <span lang="cu-Glag">ⱌⰹⱃⱏⰽⱏⰲⱏⱀⱁⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏⰹ ⱗⰸⱏⰻⰽⱏ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">cirkevnoslověnskyj jazyk</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known as <b>Church Slavic</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>New Church Slavonic</b>, <b>New Church Slavic</b> or just <b>Slavonic</b> (as it was called by its native speakers)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e25-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/chu">Church Slavonic</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><noscript><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" data-alt="Closed access icon" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHammarströmForkeHaspelmathBank2020" class="citation web cs1">Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chur1257">"Church Slavic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> 4.3</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glottolog+4.3&rft.atitle=Church+Slavic&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fchur1257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Panaitescu" title="Petre P. Panaitescu">Petre P. Panaitescu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjmures.ro/bdPublicatii/CarteStudenti/P/Panaitescu-Interpretari.pdf">Studii de istorie economică și socială</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAco_Lukaroski" class="citation web cs1">Aco Lukaroski. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150516024053/http://www.stclementofohrid.com/religion/st_clement_of_ohrid.asp">"St. Clement of Ohrid Cathedral – About Saint Clement of Ohrid"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stclementofohrid.com/religion/st_clement_of_ohrid.asp">the original</a> on 16 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Clement+of+Ohrid+Cathedral+%E2%80%93+About+Saint+Clement+of+Ohrid&rft.au=Aco+Lukaroski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stclementofohrid.com%2Freligion%2Fst_clement_of_ohrid.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvornik1956" class="citation book cs1">Dvornik, Francis (1956). <i>The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization</i>. Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. 179. <q>The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slavs%3A+Their+Early+History+and+Civilization&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Dvornik&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorin_Curta2006" class="citation book cs1">Florin Curta (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YIAYMNOOe0YC&q=Cyrillic+preslav&pg=PR1"><i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</i></a>. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge University Press. pp. 221–222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0"><bdi>978-0-521-81539-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.series=Cambridge+Medieval+Textbooks&rft.pages=221-222&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81539-0&rft.au=Florin+Curta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYIAYMNOOe0YC%26q%3DCyrillic%2Bpreslav%26pg%3DPR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._M._Hussey,_Andrew_Louth2010" class="citation book cs1">J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J-H9BTVHKRMC&q=+preslav+eastern&pg=PR3-IA34">"The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire"</a>. <i>Oxford History of the Christian Church</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161488-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161488-0"><bdi>978-0-19-161488-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.btitle=Oxford+History+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-161488-0&rft.au=J.+M.+Hussey%2C+Andrew+Louth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ-H9BTVHKRMC%26q%3D%2Bpreslav%2Beastern%26pg%3DPR3-IA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Brian P. Bennett, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorandfrancis.com/books/details/9780415780636/">Religion and Language in Post-Soviet Russia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225012715/http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/books/details/9780415780636/">Archived</a> 2013-02-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (New York: Routledge, 2011).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the report of Fr. Theodore Lyudogovsky and Deacon Maxim Plyakin, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mineya.ru/articles/87-liturgy-languages.html">Liturgical languages of Slavic local churches: a current situation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120903224026/http://www.mineya.ru/articles/87-liturgy-languages.html">Archived</a> 2012-09-03 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></i>, 2009 (in Russian), and a draft of the article <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ustav.livejournal.com/600024.html">Liturgical languages in Slavia Orthodoxa</a></i>, 2009 (also in Russian) of the same authors.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ks.hr/Biblioteke/Liturgijska-izdanja/RIMSKI-MISAL-SLAVENSKIM-JEZIKOM--Cin-misi-s-izbran.aspx">"Rimski misal slavĕnskim jezikom"</a>. Kršćanska sadašnjost<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rimski+misal+slav%C4%95nskim+jezikom&rft.pub=Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anska+sada%C5%A1njost&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ks.hr%2FBiblioteke%2FLiturgijska-izdanja%2FRIMSKI-MISAL-SLAVENSKIM-JEZIKOM--Cin-misi-s-izbran.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span><br><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/22194">"German review of <i>Rimski misal slavĕnskim jezikom</i>"</a>. Slovo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+review+of+Rimski+misal+slav%C4%95nskim+jezikom&rft.pub=Slovo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F22194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/21649">"Review (in Croatian) of <i>Rimskyj misal</i> (Olomouc, 1972)"</a>. Slovo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+%28in+Croatian%29+of+Rimskyj+misal+%28Olomouc%2C+1972%29&rft.pub=Slovo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F21649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/22757">"Review (in Croatian) of <i>Rimskyj misal</i> (Olomouc, 1992)"</a>. Slovo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+%28in+Croatian%29+of+Rimskyj+misal+%28Olomouc%2C+1992%29&rft.pub=Slovo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F22757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Slavonic&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 37px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="37" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cu:"> Church Slavic edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_Slavonic_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Church Slavonic language">Church Slavonic language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719123753/http://www.manu.edu.mk/cal/CAL/004_Seg_Staroslovenski.pdf">Old Church Slavonic and the Macedonian recension of the Church Slavonic language, Elka Ulchar</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Macedonian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orthlib.info/">Orthodox Christian Liturgical Texts in Church Slavonic</a></li> <li>Bible in Church Slavonic language <a class="external text" href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%CC%81%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B0">(Wikisource)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azbyka.ru/biblia/misc/tsya.pdf">(PDF)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716043542/https://azbyka.ru/biblia/misc/tsya.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.apple.com/ru/app/%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/id918906169">(iPhone)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.alexsem.bibcs4">(Android)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irmologion.ru/">Problems of computer implementation</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slavonicpro.ru/services.html">Slavonic - the input tool for Church Slavonic</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Slavonic Language and Liturgy"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Slavonic_Language_and_Liturgy">"Slavonic Language and Liturgy" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Slavonic+Language+and+Liturgy&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+Slavonic" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ponomar.net/cu_vkeyb.html">Church Slavonic Virtual Keyboard</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://podolak.net/en/transliteration">CyrAcademisator</a> Transliteration tool for Church Slavonic including a virtual keyboard.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sci.ponomar.net/">Slavonic Computing Initiative</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glagol-verbum.com/gramotej">The textbook of the Church Slavonic language "Literacy" - online version (with soundtrack).</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/notes/tn41/tn41-1.pdf">Church Slavonic Typography in Unicode</a> (Unicode Technical Note no. 41), 2015-11-04, accessed 2023-01-04.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سلافونية كنسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلافونية كنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslau_eclesiastico" title="Eslau eclesiastico – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Eslau eclesiastico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslavu_eclesi%C3%A1sticu" title="Eslavu eclesiásticu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Eslavu eclesiásticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kils%C9%99_slavyan_dili" title="Kilsə slavyan dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kilsə slavyan dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Царкоўнаславянская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Царкоўнаславянская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Царкоўнаславянская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Царкоўнаславянская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Църковнославянски език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Църковнославянски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkvenoslavenski_jezik" title="Crkvenoslavenski jezik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Crkvenoslavenski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslau_eclesi%C3%A0stic" title="Eslau eclesiàstic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eslau eclesiàstic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%B3-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чиркӳ-славян чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чиркӳ-славян чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrkevn%C3%AD_slovan%C5%A1tina" title="Církevní slovanština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Církevní slovanština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkeslavisk" title="Kirkeslavisk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kirkeslavisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girkosl%C3%A1vagiella" title="Girkoslávagiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Girkoslávagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchenslawisch" title="Kirchenslawisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kirchenslawisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerkwinos%C5%82owja%C5%84ska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Cerkwinosłowjańska rěc – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Cerkwinosłowjańska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirikuslaavi_keel" title="Kirikuslaavi keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirikuslaavi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Εκκλησιαστική σλαβονική γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκκλησιαστική σλαβονική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslavo_eclesi%C3%A1stico" title="Eslavo eclesiástico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eslavo eclesiástico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavono" title="Slavono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Slavono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان اسلاوی کلیسایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان اسلاوی کلیسایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavon_d%27%C3%A9glise" title="Slavon d'église – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Slavon d'église" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B8%8C%EC%96%B4" title="교회 슬라브어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교회 슬라브어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkvenoslavenski_jezik" title="Crkvenoslavenski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Crkvenoslavenski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Slavia_Gereja" title="Bahasa Slavia Gereja – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Slavia Gereja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_slava_ecclesiastica" title="Lingua slava ecclesiastica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua slava ecclesiastica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Шіркеу славян тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шіркеу славян тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Slavica_Ecclesiastica" title="Lingua Slavica Ecclesiastica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Slavica Ecclesiastica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiercheslawesch" title="Kiercheslawesch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kiercheslawesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyh%C3%A1zi_szl%C3%A1v_nyelv" title="Egyházi szláv nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egyházi szláv nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Црковнословенски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црковнословенски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سلافونيه كنسيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلافونيه كنسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerkslavisch" title="Kerkslavisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kerkslavisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B4%E8%AA%9E" title="教会スラヴ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="教会スラヴ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkeslavisk" title="Kirkeslavisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kirkeslavisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrkjeslavisk" title="Kyrkjeslavisk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kyrkjeslavisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslavon" title="Eslavon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Eslavon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_cerkiewnos%C5%82owia%C5%84ski" title="Język cerkiewnosłowiański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język cerkiewnosłowiański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_eslava_eclesi%C3%A1stica" title="Língua eslava eclesiástica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua eslava eclesiástica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_slavon%C4%83" title="Limba slavonă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba slavonă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Церковнославянскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Церковнославянскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Церковнославянский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Церковнославянский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sllavishtja_kishtare" title="Sllavishtja kishtare – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sllavishtja kishtare" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirkevn%C3%A1_slovan%C4%8Dina" title="Cirkevná slovančina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cirkevná slovančina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerkvenoslovan%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Cerkvenoslovanščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cerkvenoslovanščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%A3%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Словѣньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Словѣньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Црквенословенски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црквенословенски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkvenoslovenski_jezik" title="Crkvenoslovenski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crkvenoslovenski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkkoslaavi" title="Kirkkoslaavi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirkkoslaavi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrkslaviska" title="Kyrkslaviska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kyrkslaviska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilise_Slavcas%C4%B1" title="Kilise Slavcası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kilise Slavcası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Церковнослов'янська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Церковнослов'янська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="教會斯拉夫語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="教會斯拉夫語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 10:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li 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