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Google Testing Blog: March 2014

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var a = axel * 10000000000000; document.write('<iframe src="https://2542116.fls.doubleclick.net/activityi;src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=ord=' + a + '?" width="1" height="1" frameborder="0" style="display:none"></iframe>'); //]]> </script> <noscript> <img alt='' height='1' src='https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=1?' width='1'/> </noscript> <!-- Header --> <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-inner'> <div class='section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div class='header-left'> <div class='header-title'> <a class='google-logo' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/'> <img height='50' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png'/> </a> <a href='/.'> <h2> Testing Blog </h2> </a> </div> <div class='header-desc'> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <!-- all content wrapper start --> <div class='cols-wrapper loading'> <div class='col-main-wrapper'> <div class='col-main'> <div class='section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='post' data-id='3153681591777252403' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/testing-on-toilet-what-makes-good-test.html' itemprop='url' title='Testing on the Toilet: What Makes a Good Test?'> Testing on the Toilet: What Makes a Good Test? </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Tuesday, March 18, 2014 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <i>by Erik Kuefler </i><br /> <br /> <i>This article was adapted from a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2007/01/introducing-testing-on-toilet.html">Google Testing on the Toilet</a> (TotT) episode. You can download a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1C51MIOYAy699S5Sm2WRDsCnutUIQyi7Tzw5EbhRo_Mo/edit?usp=sharing">printer-friendly version</a> of this TotT episode and post it in your office. </i><br /> <br /> Unit tests are important tools for verifying that our code is correct. But <span style="color: purple;"><b>writing good tests is about much more than just verifying correctness</b></span> &#8212; a good unit test should exhibit several other properties in order to be readable and maintainable. <br /> <br /> One property of a good test is clarity. <b><span style="color: purple;">Clarity means that a test should serve as readable documentation for humans, describing the code being tested in terms of its public APIs.</span></b> Tests shouldn't refer directly to implementation details. The names of a class's tests should say everything the class does, and the tests themselves should serve as examples for how to use the class. <br /> <br /> Two more important properties are completeness and conciseness. <b><span style="color: purple;">A test is complete when its body contains all of the information you need to understand it, and concise when it doesn't contain any other distracting information.</span></b> This test fails on both counts: <br /> <br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">@Test <span style="color: #0433ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">void</span> shouldPerformAddition() { Calculator <b>calculator</b> = <span style="color: #0433ff;">new</span> Calculator(<span style="color: #0433ff;">new</span> RoundingStrategy(), <span style="color: #ff2600;">"unused"</span>, ENABLE_COSIN_FEATURE, 0.01, calculusEngine, <span style="color: #0433ff;">false</span>); <span style="color: #0433ff;">int</span> <b>result</b> = <b>calculator</b>.doComputation(makeTestComputation()); assertEquals(<b>5</b>, <b>result</b>); <span style="color: #4f8f00;">// Where did this number come from?</span> }</pre> <br /> Lots of distracting information is being passed to the constructor, and the important parts are hidden off in a helper method. The test can be made more complete by clarifying the purpose of the helper method, and more concise by using another helper to hide the irrelevant details of constructing the calculator: <br /> <br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">@Test <span style="color: #0433ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">void</span> shouldPerformAddition() { Calculator <b>calculator</b> = newCalculator(); <span style="color: #0433ff;">int</span> <b>result</b> = <b>calculator</b>.doComputation(makeAdditionComputation(<b>2</b>, <b>3</b>)); assertEquals(<b>5</b>, <b>result</b>); }</pre> <br /> One final property of a good test is resilience. Once written, a <b><span style="color: purple;">resilient test doesn't have to change unless the purpose or behavior of the class being tested changes</span></b>. Adding new behavior should only require adding new tests, not changing old ones. The original test above isn't resilient since you'll have to update it (and probably dozens of other tests!) whenever you add a new irrelevant constructor parameter. Moving these details into the helper method solved this problem. <br /> <br /> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <i>by Erik Kuefler </i><br /> <br /> <i>This article was adapted from a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2007/01/introducing-testing-on-toilet.html">Google Testing on the Toilet</a> (TotT) episode. You can download a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1C51MIOYAy699S5Sm2WRDsCnutUIQyi7Tzw5EbhRo_Mo/edit?usp=sharing">printer-friendly version</a> of this TotT episode and post it in your office. </i><br /> <br /> Unit tests are important tools for verifying that our code is correct. But <span style="color: purple;"><b>writing good tests is about much more than just verifying correctness</b></span> &#8212; a good unit test should exhibit several other properties in order to be readable and maintainable. <br /> <br /> One property of a good test is clarity. <b><span style="color: purple;">Clarity means that a test should serve as readable documentation for humans, describing the code being tested in terms of its public APIs.</span></b> Tests shouldn't refer directly to implementation details. The names of a class's tests should say everything the class does, and the tests themselves should serve as examples for how to use the class. <br /> <br /> Two more important properties are completeness and conciseness. <b><span style="color: purple;">A test is complete when its body contains all of the information you need to understand it, and concise when it doesn't contain any other distracting information.</span></b> This test fails on both counts: <br /> <br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">@Test <span style="color: #0433ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">void</span> shouldPerformAddition() { Calculator <b>calculator</b> = <span style="color: #0433ff;">new</span> Calculator(<span style="color: #0433ff;">new</span> RoundingStrategy(), <span style="color: #ff2600;">"unused"</span>, ENABLE_COSIN_FEATURE, 0.01, calculusEngine, <span style="color: #0433ff;">false</span>); <span style="color: #0433ff;">int</span> <b>result</b> = <b>calculator</b>.doComputation(makeTestComputation()); assertEquals(<b>5</b>, <b>result</b>); <span style="color: #4f8f00;">// Where did this number come from?</span> }</pre> <br /> Lots of distracting information is being passed to the constructor, and the important parts are hidden off in a helper method. The test can be made more complete by clarifying the purpose of the helper method, and more concise by using another helper to hide the irrelevant details of constructing the calculator: <br /> <br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">@Test <span style="color: #0433ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">void</span> shouldPerformAddition() { Calculator <b>calculator</b> = newCalculator(); <span style="color: #0433ff;">int</span> <b>result</b> = <b>calculator</b>.doComputation(makeAdditionComputation(<b>2</b>, <b>3</b>)); assertEquals(<b>5</b>, <b>result</b>); }</pre> <br /> One final property of a good test is resilience. Once written, a <b><span style="color: purple;">resilient test doesn't have to change unless the purpose or behavior of the class being tested changes</span></b>. Adding new behavior should only require adding new tests, not changing old ones. The original test above isn't resilient since you'll have to update it (and probably dozens of other tests!) whenever you add a new irrelevant constructor parameter. Moving these details into the helper method solved this problem. <br /> <br /> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Testing on the Toilet: What Makes a Good Test?&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/testing-on-toilet-what-makes-good-test.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/testing-on-toilet-what-makes-good-test.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='comment-container'> <i class='comment-img material-icons'> &#57529; </i> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/testing-on-toilet-what-makes-good-test.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>6 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/testing-on-toilet-what-makes-good-test.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Erik%20Kuefler' rel='tag'> Erik Kuefler </a> , <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/TotT' rel='tag'> TotT </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='824867900608979117' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/whenhow-to-use-mockito-answer.html' itemprop='url' title='When/how to use Mockito Answer'> When/how to use Mockito Answer </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Monday, March 03, 2014 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <i>by Hongfei Ding, Software Engineer, Shanghai </i><br /> <br /> <a href="https://code.google.com/p/mockito/">Mockito</a> is a popular open source Java testing framework that allows the creation of mock objects. For example, we have the below interface used in our SUT (System Under Test):<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;"><span style="color: #0433ff;">interface</span> Service { Data get(); }</pre> <br /> In our test, normally we want to fake the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Service</b></span>&#8217;s behavior to return canned data, so that the unit test can focus on testing the code that interacts with the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Service</b></span>. We use <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>when-return</b></span> clause to stub a method.<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">when(service.get()).thenReturn(cannedData);</pre> <br /> But sometimes you need mock object behavior that's too complex for <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>when-return</b></span>. An <a href="http://docs.mockito.googlecode.com/hg/latest/org/mockito/stubbing/Answer.html"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Answer</span></a> object can be a clean way to do this once you get the syntax right.<br /> <br /> A common usage of <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span> is to <b>stub asynchronous methods that have callbacks</b>. For example, we have mocked the interface below:<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;"><span style="color: #0433ff;">interface</span> Service { <span style="color: #0433ff;">void</span> get(Callback callback); }</pre> <br /> Here you&#8217;ll find that <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>when-return</b></span> is not that helpful anymore. <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span> is the replacement. For example, we can <b>emulate a success</b> by calling the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>onSuccess</b></span> function of the callback.<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">doAnswer(<span style="color: #0433ff;">new</span> Answer&lt;Void&gt;() { <span style="color: #0433ff;">public</span> Void answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) { Callback callback = (Callback) invocation.getArguments()[0]; callback.onSuccess(cannedData); <span style="color: #0433ff;">return</span> null; } }).when(service).get(any(Callback.<span style="color: #0433ff;">class</span>));</pre> <br /> <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span> can also be used to <b>make smarter stubs for synchronous methods</b>. Smarter here means the stub can return a value depending on the input, rather than canned data. It&#8217;s sometimes quite useful. For example, we have mocked the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Translator</b></span>&nbsp;interface below:<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;"><span style="color: #0433ff;">interface</span> Translator { String translate(String msg); }</pre> <br /> We might choose to mock <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Translator</b></span> to return a constant string and then assert the result. However, that test is not thorough, because the input to the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>translator</b></span>&nbsp;function has been ignored. To improve this, we might capture the input and do extra verification, but then we start to fall into the &#8220;<a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.tw/2013/03/testing-on-toilet-testing-state-vs.html">testing interaction rather than testing state</a>&#8221; trap. <br /> <br /> A good usage of <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span> is <b>to reverse the input message as a fake translation</b>. So that both things are assured by checking the result string: 1) <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>translate</b></span> has been invoked, 2) the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>msg</b></span> being translated is correct. Notice that this time we&#8217;ve used <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>thenAnswer</b></span> syntax, a twin of <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>doAnswer</b></span>, for stubbing a non-void method.<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">when(translator.translate(any(String.<span style="color: #0433ff;">class</span>))).thenAnswer(reverseMsg()) ... <span style="color: #4f8f00;">// extracted a method to put a descriptive name</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">private</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">static</span> Answer&lt;String&gt; reverseMsg() { <span style="color: #0433ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">new</span> Answer&lt;String&gt;() { <span style="color: #0433ff;">public</span> String answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) { <span style="color: #0433ff;">return</span> reverseString((String) invocation.getArguments()[0])); } } }</pre> <br /> Last but not least, if you find yourself writing many nontrivial <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span>s, you should consider using a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2013/06/testing-on-toilet-fake-your-way-to.html">fake</a> instead. <br /> <br /> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <i>by Hongfei Ding, Software Engineer, Shanghai </i><br /> <br /> <a href="https://code.google.com/p/mockito/">Mockito</a> is a popular open source Java testing framework that allows the creation of mock objects. For example, we have the below interface used in our SUT (System Under Test):<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;"><span style="color: #0433ff;">interface</span> Service { Data get(); }</pre> <br /> In our test, normally we want to fake the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Service</b></span>&#8217;s behavior to return canned data, so that the unit test can focus on testing the code that interacts with the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Service</b></span>. We use <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>when-return</b></span> clause to stub a method.<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">when(service.get()).thenReturn(cannedData);</pre> <br /> But sometimes you need mock object behavior that's too complex for <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>when-return</b></span>. An <a href="http://docs.mockito.googlecode.com/hg/latest/org/mockito/stubbing/Answer.html"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Answer</span></a> object can be a clean way to do this once you get the syntax right.<br /> <br /> A common usage of <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span> is to <b>stub asynchronous methods that have callbacks</b>. For example, we have mocked the interface below:<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;"><span style="color: #0433ff;">interface</span> Service { <span style="color: #0433ff;">void</span> get(Callback callback); }</pre> <br /> Here you&#8217;ll find that <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>when-return</b></span> is not that helpful anymore. <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span> is the replacement. For example, we can <b>emulate a success</b> by calling the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>onSuccess</b></span> function of the callback.<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">doAnswer(<span style="color: #0433ff;">new</span> Answer&lt;Void&gt;() { <span style="color: #0433ff;">public</span> Void answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) { Callback callback = (Callback) invocation.getArguments()[0]; callback.onSuccess(cannedData); <span style="color: #0433ff;">return</span> null; } }).when(service).get(any(Callback.<span style="color: #0433ff;">class</span>));</pre> <br /> <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span> can also be used to <b>make smarter stubs for synchronous methods</b>. Smarter here means the stub can return a value depending on the input, rather than canned data. It&#8217;s sometimes quite useful. For example, we have mocked the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Translator</b></span>&nbsp;interface below:<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;"><span style="color: #0433ff;">interface</span> Translator { String translate(String msg); }</pre> <br /> We might choose to mock <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Translator</b></span> to return a constant string and then assert the result. However, that test is not thorough, because the input to the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>translator</b></span>&nbsp;function has been ignored. To improve this, we might capture the input and do extra verification, but then we start to fall into the &#8220;<a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.tw/2013/03/testing-on-toilet-testing-state-vs.html">testing interaction rather than testing state</a>&#8221; trap. <br /> <br /> A good usage of <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span> is <b>to reverse the input message as a fake translation</b>. So that both things are assured by checking the result string: 1) <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>translate</b></span> has been invoked, 2) the <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>msg</b></span> being translated is correct. Notice that this time we&#8217;ve used <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>thenAnswer</b></span> syntax, a twin of <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>doAnswer</b></span>, for stubbing a non-void method.<br /> <pre style="background: #f9f9f9; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">when(translator.translate(any(String.<span style="color: #0433ff;">class</span>))).thenAnswer(reverseMsg()) ... <span style="color: #4f8f00;">// extracted a method to put a descriptive name</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">private</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">static</span> Answer&lt;String&gt; reverseMsg() { <span style="color: #0433ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #0433ff;">new</span> Answer&lt;String&gt;() { <span style="color: #0433ff;">public</span> String answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) { <span style="color: #0433ff;">return</span> reverseString((String) invocation.getArguments()[0])); } } }</pre> <br /> Last but not least, if you find yourself writing many nontrivial <span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>Answer</b></span>s, you should consider using a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2013/06/testing-on-toilet-fake-your-way-to.html">fake</a> instead. <br /> <br /> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:When/how to use Mockito Answer&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/whenhow-to-use-mockito-answer.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' 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class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2024/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2023/'> 2023 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(14)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2023/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a 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href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2023/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2023/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2022/'> 2022 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2022/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2021/'> 2021 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2021/06/'> Jun </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2021/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2021/03/'> Mar </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2020/'> 2020 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2020/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2020/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2020/10/'> Oct </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2020/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2020/07/'> Jul </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2020/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2019/'> 2019 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2019/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2019/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2019/07/'> Jul </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2019/01/'> Jan </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/'> 2018 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/09/'> Sep </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/07/'> Jul </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/06/'> Jun </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/'> 2017 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(17)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/10/'> Oct </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/09/'> Sep </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/07/'> Jul </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/06/'> Jun </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/01/'> Jan </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/'> 2016 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(15)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/10/'> Oct </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/09/'> Sep </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/06/'> Jun </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/03/'> Mar </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/'> 2015 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(14)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/10/'> Oct </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/06/'> Jun </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/03/'> Mar </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/01/'> Jan </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> &#9660;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/'> 2014 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(24)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/10/'> Oct </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/09/'> Sep </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/07/'> Jul </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/06/'> Jun </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> &#9660;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/'> Mar </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> <ul class='posts'> <li> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/testing-on-toilet-what-makes-good-test.html'> Testing on the Toilet: What Makes a Good Test? </a> </li> <li> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/03/whenhow-to-use-mockito-answer.html'> When/how to use Mockito Answer </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/01/'> Jan </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' 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<a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/'> 2011 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(39)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/10/'> Oct </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' 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class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/01/'> Jan </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2009/'> 2009 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(54)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2009/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> 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class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2009/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2009/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2009/01/'> Jan </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> &#9658;&#160; </span> </a> <a 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compatibility summaryHtml = $.trim(summaryHtml).replace(/(<br>|\s)+$/,''); if (lastNode.nodeType == 3) { var lastChar = summaryHtml.slice(-1); if (!lastChar.match(/[.”"?]/)) { if (!lastChar.match(/[A-Za-z]/)) { summaryHtml = summaryHtml.slice(0, -1); } summaryHtml += ' ...'; } } else if (lastNode.nodeType == 1 && (lastNode.nodeName == 'I' || lastNode.nodeName == 'A')) { summaryHtml += ' ...'; } return summaryHtml; }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.generateSummaryFromContent = function(content, numWords) { var seenWords = 0; var summaryHtml = ''; for (var i=0; i < content.childNodes.length; i++) { var node = content.childNodes[i]; var nodeText; if (node.nodeType == 1) { if (node.hasAttribute('data-about-pullquote')) { continue; } nodeText = node.textContent; if (nodeText === undefined) { // innerText for IE8 nodeText = node.innerText; } if (node.nodeName == 'DIV' || node.nodeName == 'B') { // Don't end early if we haven't seen enough words. if (seenWords < 10) { continue; } if (i > 0) { summaryHtml = this.finalizeSummary(summaryHtml, content.childNodes[i-1]); } break; } summaryHtml += node.outerHTML; } else if (node.nodeType == 3) { nodeText = node.nodeValue; summaryHtml += nodeText + ' '; } var words = nodeText.match(/\S+\s*/g); if (!words) { continue; } var remain = numWords - seenWords; if (words.length >= remain) { summaryHtml = this.finalizeSummary(summaryHtml, node); break; } seenWords += words.length; } return summaryHtml; }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.detect = function() { var match, pl = /\+/g, search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, query = window.location.search.substring(1); var urlParams = {}; while (match = search.exec(query)) urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); this.isListPage = $('html').hasClass('list-page'); this.isMobile = urlParams['m'] === '1'; this.isHomePage = window.location.pathname == '/'; }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.initContent = function() { var self = this; $('.post').each(function(index) { var body = $(this).children('.post-body')[0]; var content = $(body).children('.post-content')[0]; $(content).addClass('post-original'); var data = $(content).children('script').html(); data = self.rewriteForSSL(data); // If exists, extract specified editor's preview. var match = data.match(/([\s\S]+?)<div data-is-preview.+?>([\s\S]+)<\/div>/m); if (match) { data = match[1]; } // Prevent big images from loading when they aren't needed. // This must be done as a pre-injection step, since image loading can't be // canceled once embedded into the DOM. if (self.isListPage && self.isMobile) { data = data.replace(/<(img|iframe) .+?>/g, ''); } // Insert template to be rendered as nodes. content.innerHTML = data; if (self.isListPage) { var summary = document.createElement('div'); $(summary).addClass('post-content'); $(summary).addClass('post-summary'); body.insertBefore(summary, content); if (match) { // Use provided summary. summary.innerHTML = match[2]; } else { // Generate a summary. // Summary generation relies on DOM, so it must occur after content is // inserted into the page. summary.innerHTML = self.generateSummaryFromContent(content, 30); } // Add read more link to summary. var titleAnchor = $(this).find('.title a')[0]; var link = titleAnchor.cloneNode(true); link.innerHTML = 'Read More'; $(link).addClass('read-more'); summary.appendChild(link); } }); // Firefox does not allow for proper styling of BR. if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Firefox') > -1) { $('.post-content br').replaceWith('<span class="space"></span>'); } $('.loading').removeClass('loading'); }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.process = function() { if (!this.initted) { var makeInsecureImageRegex = function(hosts) { var whitelist = hosts.join('|').replace(/\./g,'\\.'); // Normal image tags, plus input images (yes, this is possible!) return new RegExp('(<(img|input)[^>]+?src=("|\'))http:\/\/(' + whitelist +')', 'g'); }; this.sslImageRegex = makeInsecureImageRegex(BreakpointHandler.KNOWN_HTTPS_HOSTS); this.sslImageCurrentDomainRegex = makeInsecureImageRegex([window.location.hostname]); this.detect(); this.initContent(); this.initted = true; } }; BreakpointHandler.KNOWN_HTTPS_HOSTS = [ "www.google.org", "www.google.com", "services.google.com", "blogger.com", "draft.blogger.com", "www.blogger.com", "photos1.blogger.com", "photos2.blogger.com", "photos3.blogger.com", "blogblog.com", "img1.blogblog.com", "img2.blogblog.com", "www.blogblog.com", "www1.blogblog.com", "www2.blogblog.com", "0.bp.blogspot.com", "1.bp.blogspot.com", "2.bp.blogspot.com", "3.bp.blogspot.com", "4.bp.blogspot.com", "lh3.googleusercontent.com", "lh4.googleusercontent.com", "lh5.googleusercontent.com", "lh6.googleusercontent.com", "themes.googleusercontent.com", ]; BreakpointHandler.prototype.rewriteForSSL = function(html) { // Handle HTTP -> HTTPS source replacement of images, movies, and other embedded content. return html.replace(this.sslImageRegex, '$1https://$4') .replace(this.sslImageCurrentDomainRegex, '$1//$4') .replace(/(<(embed|iframe)[^>]+?src=("|'))http:\/\/([^"']*?(youtube|picasaweb\.google)\.com)/g, '$1https://$4') // Slideshow SWF takes a image host, so we need to rewrite that parameter. .replace(/(<embed[^>]+?feed=http(?=[^s]))/g, '$1s'); }; $(document).ready(function() { var handler = new BreakpointHandler(); handler.process(); // Top-level navigation. $(".BlogArchive .tab").click(function(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); $(this).parent().toggleClass('active'); $(this).siblings().slideToggle(300); }); $(".Label .tab").click(function(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); $(this).parent().toggleClass('active'); $(this).siblings().slideToggle(300); }); // Blog archive year expansion. $('.BlogArchive .intervalToggle').click(function(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); if ($(this).parent().hasClass('collapsed')) { $(this).parent().removeClass('collapsed'); $(this).parent().addClass('expanded'); } else { $(this).parent().removeClass('expanded'); 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