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var a = axel * 10000000000000; document.write('<iframe src="https://2542116.fls.doubleclick.net/activityi;src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=ord=' + a + '?" width="1" height="1" frameborder="0" style="display:none"></iframe>'); //]]> </script> <noscript> <img alt='' height='1' src='https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=1?' width='1'/> </noscript>  <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-inner'> <div class='section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div class='header-left'> <div class='header-title'> <a class='google-logo' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/'> <img height='50' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png'/> </a> <a href='/.'> <h2> Testing Blog </h2> </a> </div> <div class='header-desc'> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div>  <div class='cols-wrapper loading'> <div class='col-main-wrapper'> <div class='col-main'> <div class='section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='post' data-id='6544260587721157512' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/google-at-star-west-2011.html' itemprop='url' title='Google at STAR West 2011'> Google at STAR West 2011 </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Tuesday, June 28, 2011 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> By James Whittaker<br /> <br /> STAR West will feature something unprecedented this year: back-to-back tutorials by Googlers plus a keynote and track session.<br /> <br /> The tutorials will be Monday October 3. I have the morning session on "How Google Tests Software" and my colleague Ankit Mehta has the afternoon session on "Testing Rich Internet AJAX-based Applications." You can spend the whole day in Google Test Land.<br /> <br /> I highly recommend Ankit's tutorial. He is one of our top test managers and has spent years minding Gmail as it grew up from a simple cloud-based email system into the mass-scale, ubiquitous rich web app that it is today. Ankit now leads all testing efforts around our social offerings (which are already starting to appear). Anyone struggling to automate the testing of rich web apps will have plenty to absorb in his session. He's not spouting conjecture and generalities; he's speaking from the position of actual accomplishment. Bring a laptop. <br /> <br /> Jason Arbon and Sebastian Schiavone are presenting a track talk on "Google's New Methodology for Risk Driven Testing" and will be demonstrating some of the latest tools coming out of Google Test Labs. Tools that were born of real need built to serve that need. I am expecting free samples! Jason was test lead for Chrome and Chrome OS before taking over Google Test Labs where incredibly clever code is woven into useful test tools. Sebastian is none other than my TPM (technical program manager) who is well known for taking my vague ideas about how things should be done and making them real. <br /> <br /> Oh and the keynote, well that's me again, something about testing getting in the way of quality. I wrote this talk while I was in an especially melancholy mood about my place in the universe. It's a wake-up call to testers: the world is changing and your relevance is calling ... will you answer the call or ignore it and pretend that yesterday is still today? <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> By James Whittaker<br /> <br /> STAR West will feature something unprecedented this year: back-to-back tutorials by Googlers plus a keynote and track session.<br /> <br /> The tutorials will be Monday October 3. I have the morning session on "How Google Tests Software" and my colleague Ankit Mehta has the afternoon session on "Testing Rich Internet AJAX-based Applications." You can spend the whole day in Google Test Land.<br /> <br /> I highly recommend Ankit's tutorial. He is one of our top test managers and has spent years minding Gmail as it grew up from a simple cloud-based email system into the mass-scale, ubiquitous rich web app that it is today. Ankit now leads all testing efforts around our social offerings (which are already starting to appear). Anyone struggling to automate the testing of rich web apps will have plenty to absorb in his session. He's not spouting conjecture and generalities; he's speaking from the position of actual accomplishment. Bring a laptop. <br /> <br /> Jason Arbon and Sebastian Schiavone are presenting a track talk on "Google's New Methodology for Risk Driven Testing" and will be demonstrating some of the latest tools coming out of Google Test Labs. Tools that were born of real need built to serve that need. I am expecting free samples! Jason was test lead for Chrome and Chrome OS before taking over Google Test Labs where incredibly clever code is woven into useful test tools. Sebastian is none other than my TPM (technical program manager) who is well known for taking my vague ideas about how things should be done and making them real. <br /> <br /> Oh and the keynote, well that's me again, something about testing getting in the way of quality. I wrote this talk while I was in an especially melancholy mood about my place in the universe. It's a wake-up call to testers: the world is changing and your relevance is calling ... will you answer the call or ignore it and pretend that yesterday is still today? <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Google at STAR West 2011&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/google-at-star-west-2011.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/google-at-star-west-2011.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='comment-container'> <i class='comment-img material-icons'>  </i> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/google-at-star-west-2011.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>6 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/google-at-star-west-2011.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/James%20Whittaker' rel='tag'> James Whittaker </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='9007507255851290164' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/lessons-in-21st-century-tech-career.html' itemprop='url' title='Lessons in a 21st Century Tech Career: Failing Fast, 20% Time and Project Mobility'> Lessons in a 21st Century Tech Career: Failing Fast, 20% Time and Project Mobility </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Thursday, June 23, 2011 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> By James Whittaker<br /> <br /> If your name is Larry Page, stop reading this now. <br /> <br /> Let me first admit that as I write this I am sitting in a company lounge reminiscent of a gathering room in a luxury hotel with my belly full of free gourmet food waiting for a meeting with the lighthearted title "Beer and Demos" to start. <br /> <br /> Let me secondly admit that none of this matters. It's all very nice, and I hope it continues in perpetuity, but it doesn't matter. Engineers don't need to be spoiled rotten to be happy. The spoiling of engineers has little to do with the essence of a 21st century tech career. <br /> <br /> Now, what exactly does matter? What is the essence of a 21st century tech career that keeps employees loyal and engaged with productivity that would shame the most seasoned agile-ist? I don't yet have the complete story, but here are three important ingredients:<br /> <br /> <b>Failing Fast</b>. Nothing destroys morale more than a death march. Projects going nowhere <i>should do so with the utmost haste</i>. The ability of a company to implode pet projects quickly correlates directly to a great place to work. Engineers working on these project gain not only valuable engineering experience, they experience first-hand the company's perception of what is important (and, in the case of their project, what is not important). It's a built-in lesson on company priorities and it ensures good engineers don't get monopolized by purposeless projects. You gotta like a company willing to experiment. You have to love a company willing to laugh at itself when the experiments don't pan out.<br /> <br /> <b>20% Time</b>. Any company worth working for has any number of projects that are worth working on. It's frustrating for many super-sharding engineers to see cool work going on down the hall or in the next building and not being part of it. A day job that takes all day is tiresome. Enter 20% time, a concept meant to send a strong message to all engineers: <i>you always have a spare day</i>. Use it wisely.<br /> <br /> <b>Project Mobility</b>. Staying fresh by changing projects is part of mobility. Continuous cycling of fresh ideas from new project members to existing projects is another part. The downside here is obviously projects with a steep learning curve but I scoff in the general direction of this idea. Whose fault is it when a wicked smart engineer can't learn the system fast enough to be useful in some (even a small) context? Only the weakest organization with the poorest documentation can use that excuse. The only good reason for keeping people on a project is because they have no desire to leave. <br /> <br /> These three concepts are better than all the lounges and free food any company can provide. Here's an example, a real example, of how it worked recently for an employee I'll call Paul (because that happens to be his name!). <br /> <br /> Paul joined Google a little over a year ago and spent two months on a project that was then cancelled. He learned enough to be useful anywhere but was new enough that he really didn't have great context on what project he wanted next. Solution: I assigned him to a project that was a good skill set match.<br /> <br /> Less than a year later, his new project ships. He played an important role in making this happen but in that time he also realized that the role was leaning toward feature development and he was more interested in a pure test development role. However, he was steeped in post-ship duties and working on the next release. A cycle that, happily, can be broken pretty easily here. <br /> <br /> Another project had a test developer opening that suited Paul perfectly. He immediately signed up for 20% on this new project and spent his 80% ramping down in his old project. At some point these percentages will trade places and he'll spend 20% of his time training his replacement on the old project. This is a friction-less process. His manager cannot deny him <i>his day</i> to do as he pleases and now he can spend his time getting off the critical path of his old project and onto the critical path of his new project. <br /> <br /> Mobility means a constant stream of openings on projects inside Google. It also creates a population of engineering talent with an array of project experiences and a breadth of expertise to fill those positions. 20% time is a mechanism for moving onto and off of projects without formal permissions, interviews and other make-work processes engineers deplore. <br /> <br /> Let's face it, most benefits are transient. I enjoy a good meal for the time it is in front of me. I enjoy great medical when I am sick. I appreciate luxury when I have time for it. Even my paycheck comes with such monotonous regularity that it is an expectation that brings little joy apart from the brief moment my bank balance takes that joyful upward tick. But if I am unhappy the rest of the day, none of those islands of pampering mean squat. Empower me as an engineer during the much larger blocks of my time when I am doing engineering. Feed my creativity. Remove the barriers that prevent me from working on the things I want to work on. <br /> <br /> Do these things and you have me. Do these things and you make my entire work day better. This is the essence of a 21st century tech career: <b>make the hours I spend working better</b>. Anything more is so dot com. <br /> <br /> Ok, Larry you can start reading again. <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> By James Whittaker<br /> <br /> If your name is Larry Page, stop reading this now. <br /> <br /> Let me first admit that as I write this I am sitting in a company lounge reminiscent of a gathering room in a luxury hotel with my belly full of free gourmet food waiting for a meeting with the lighthearted title "Beer and Demos" to start. <br /> <br /> Let me secondly admit that none of this matters. It's all very nice, and I hope it continues in perpetuity, but it doesn't matter. Engineers don't need to be spoiled rotten to be happy. The spoiling of engineers has little to do with the essence of a 21st century tech career. <br /> <br /> Now, what exactly does matter? What is the essence of a 21st century tech career that keeps employees loyal and engaged with productivity that would shame the most seasoned agile-ist? I don't yet have the complete story, but here are three important ingredients:<br /> <br /> <b>Failing Fast</b>. Nothing destroys morale more than a death march. Projects going nowhere <i>should do so with the utmost haste</i>. The ability of a company to implode pet projects quickly correlates directly to a great place to work. Engineers working on these project gain not only valuable engineering experience, they experience first-hand the company's perception of what is important (and, in the case of their project, what is not important). It's a built-in lesson on company priorities and it ensures good engineers don't get monopolized by purposeless projects. You gotta like a company willing to experiment. You have to love a company willing to laugh at itself when the experiments don't pan out.<br /> <br /> <b>20% Time</b>. Any company worth working for has any number of projects that are worth working on. It's frustrating for many super-sharding engineers to see cool work going on down the hall or in the next building and not being part of it. A day job that takes all day is tiresome. Enter 20% time, a concept meant to send a strong message to all engineers: <i>you always have a spare day</i>. Use it wisely.<br /> <br /> <b>Project Mobility</b>. Staying fresh by changing projects is part of mobility. Continuous cycling of fresh ideas from new project members to existing projects is another part. The downside here is obviously projects with a steep learning curve but I scoff in the general direction of this idea. Whose fault is it when a wicked smart engineer can't learn the system fast enough to be useful in some (even a small) context? Only the weakest organization with the poorest documentation can use that excuse. The only good reason for keeping people on a project is because they have no desire to leave. <br /> <br /> These three concepts are better than all the lounges and free food any company can provide. Here's an example, a real example, of how it worked recently for an employee I'll call Paul (because that happens to be his name!). <br /> <br /> Paul joined Google a little over a year ago and spent two months on a project that was then cancelled. He learned enough to be useful anywhere but was new enough that he really didn't have great context on what project he wanted next. Solution: I assigned him to a project that was a good skill set match.<br /> <br /> Less than a year later, his new project ships. He played an important role in making this happen but in that time he also realized that the role was leaning toward feature development and he was more interested in a pure test development role. However, he was steeped in post-ship duties and working on the next release. A cycle that, happily, can be broken pretty easily here. <br /> <br /> Another project had a test developer opening that suited Paul perfectly. He immediately signed up for 20% on this new project and spent his 80% ramping down in his old project. At some point these percentages will trade places and he'll spend 20% of his time training his replacement on the old project. This is a friction-less process. His manager cannot deny him <i>his day</i> to do as he pleases and now he can spend his time getting off the critical path of his old project and onto the critical path of his new project. <br /> <br /> Mobility means a constant stream of openings on projects inside Google. It also creates a population of engineering talent with an array of project experiences and a breadth of expertise to fill those positions. 20% time is a mechanism for moving onto and off of projects without formal permissions, interviews and other make-work processes engineers deplore. <br /> <br /> Let's face it, most benefits are transient. I enjoy a good meal for the time it is in front of me. I enjoy great medical when I am sick. I appreciate luxury when I have time for it. Even my paycheck comes with such monotonous regularity that it is an expectation that brings little joy apart from the brief moment my bank balance takes that joyful upward tick. But if I am unhappy the rest of the day, none of those islands of pampering mean squat. Empower me as an engineer during the much larger blocks of my time when I am doing engineering. Feed my creativity. Remove the barriers that prevent me from working on the things I want to work on. <br /> <br /> Do these things and you have me. Do these things and you make my entire work day better. This is the essence of a 21st century tech career: <b>make the hours I spend working better</b>. Anything more is so dot com. <br /> <br /> Ok, Larry you can start reading again. <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Lessons in a 21st Century Tech Career: Failing Fast, 20% Time and Project Mobility&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/lessons-in-21st-century-tech-career.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/lessons-in-21st-century-tech-career.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='comment-container'> <i class='comment-img material-icons'>  </i> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/lessons-in-21st-century-tech-career.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>9 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/lessons-in-21st-century-tech-career.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/James%20Whittaker' rel='tag'> James Whittaker </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='4073751004587571939' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/introducing-dom-snitch-our-passive-in.html' itemprop='url' title='Introducing DOM Snitch, our passive in-the-browser reconnaissance tool'> Introducing DOM Snitch, our passive in-the-browser reconnaissance tool </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Tuesday, June 21, 2011 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> By Radoslav Vasilev from Google Zurich<br /> <br /> Every day modern web applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and as their complexity grows so does their attack surface. Previously we introduced open source tools such as <a href="https://code.google.com/p/skipfish/" target="_blank">Skipfish</a> and <a href="https://code.google.com/p/ratproxy/" target="_blank">Ratproxy</a> to assist developers in understanding and securing these applications.<br /> <br /> As existing tools focus mostly on testing server-side code, today we are happy to introduce <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/" target="_blank">DOM Snitch</a> — an experimental* Chrome extension that enables developers and testers to identify insecure practices commonly found in client-side code. To do this, we have adopted <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/DOMSnitchDoc#How_does_DOM_Snitch_work_under_the_hood?" target="_blank">several approaches</a> to intercepting JavaScript calls to key and potentially dangerous browser infrastructure such as document.write or HTMLElement.innerHTML (among <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/DOMSnitchDoc#What_can_DOM_Snitch_intercept?" target="_blank">others</a>). Once a JavaScript call has been intercepted, DOM Snitch records the document URL and a complete stack trace that will help assess if the intercepted call can lead to cross-site scripting, mixed content, insecure modifications to the <a href="https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_DOM_access" target="_blank">same-origin policy for DOM access</a>, or other client-side issues.<br /> <br /> <center> <img height="263px;" id="internal-source-marker_0.24736820021644235" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/xLmWOpBeNyIvZd7iD9B_EjWYjDZcC8prV8ApY2gQCXq6Jc0JwqBfFZbcVC_MTDEiUvYOvgMOEjo6KyjOWTjO53mmZILHXACZ88XtJ0Lsc10MbROQYzsUJWKdUnVovUpM" width="500px;" /></center> <br /> <br /> Here are the benefits of DOM Snitch:<br /> <ul> <li><b>Real-time:</b> Developers can observe DOM modifications as they happen inside the browser without the need to step through JavaScript code with a debugger or pause the execution of their application.</li> <br /> <li><b>Easy to use:</b> With built-in <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/QuickIntro#Current_capabilities" target="_blank">security heuristics</a> and nested views, both advanced and less experienced developers and testers can quickly spot areas of the application being tested that need more attention.</li> <br /> <li><b>Easier collaboration:</b> Enables developers to easily export and share captured DOM modifications while troubleshooting an issue with their peers.</li> </ul> <br /> <br /> DOM Snitch is intended for use by developers, testers, and security researchers alike. <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/downloads/list" target="_blank">Click here</a> to download DOM Snitch. To read the documentation, please visit <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/DOMSnitchDoc" target="_blank">this page</a>.<br /> <br /> *Developers and testers should be aware that DOM Snitch is currently experimental. We do not guarantee that it will work flawlessly for all web applications. More details on known issues can be found <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/KnownIssues" target="_blank">here</a> or in the project’s <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/issues/list" target="_blank">issues tracker</a>. <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> By Radoslav Vasilev from Google Zurich<br /> <br /> Every day modern web applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and as their complexity grows so does their attack surface. Previously we introduced open source tools such as <a href="https://code.google.com/p/skipfish/" target="_blank">Skipfish</a> and <a href="https://code.google.com/p/ratproxy/" target="_blank">Ratproxy</a> to assist developers in understanding and securing these applications.<br /> <br /> As existing tools focus mostly on testing server-side code, today we are happy to introduce <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/" target="_blank">DOM Snitch</a> — an experimental* Chrome extension that enables developers and testers to identify insecure practices commonly found in client-side code. To do this, we have adopted <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/DOMSnitchDoc#How_does_DOM_Snitch_work_under_the_hood?" target="_blank">several approaches</a> to intercepting JavaScript calls to key and potentially dangerous browser infrastructure such as document.write or HTMLElement.innerHTML (among <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/DOMSnitchDoc#What_can_DOM_Snitch_intercept?" target="_blank">others</a>). Once a JavaScript call has been intercepted, DOM Snitch records the document URL and a complete stack trace that will help assess if the intercepted call can lead to cross-site scripting, mixed content, insecure modifications to the <a href="https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_DOM_access" target="_blank">same-origin policy for DOM access</a>, or other client-side issues.<br /> <br /> <center> <img height="263px;" id="internal-source-marker_0.24736820021644235" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/xLmWOpBeNyIvZd7iD9B_EjWYjDZcC8prV8ApY2gQCXq6Jc0JwqBfFZbcVC_MTDEiUvYOvgMOEjo6KyjOWTjO53mmZILHXACZ88XtJ0Lsc10MbROQYzsUJWKdUnVovUpM" width="500px;" /></center> <br /> <br /> Here are the benefits of DOM Snitch:<br /> <ul> <li><b>Real-time:</b> Developers can observe DOM modifications as they happen inside the browser without the need to step through JavaScript code with a debugger or pause the execution of their application.</li> <br /> <li><b>Easy to use:</b> With built-in <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/QuickIntro#Current_capabilities" target="_blank">security heuristics</a> and nested views, both advanced and less experienced developers and testers can quickly spot areas of the application being tested that need more attention.</li> <br /> <li><b>Easier collaboration:</b> Enables developers to easily export and share captured DOM modifications while troubleshooting an issue with their peers.</li> </ul> <br /> <br /> DOM Snitch is intended for use by developers, testers, and security researchers alike. <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/downloads/list" target="_blank">Click here</a> to download DOM Snitch. To read the documentation, please visit <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/DOMSnitchDoc" target="_blank">this page</a>.<br /> <br /> *Developers and testers should be aware that DOM Snitch is currently experimental. We do not guarantee that it will work flawlessly for all web applications. More details on known issues can be found <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/wiki/KnownIssues" target="_blank">here</a> or in the project’s <a href="https://code.google.com/p/domsnitch/issues/list" target="_blank">issues tracker</a>. <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Introducing DOM Snitch, our passive in-the-browser reconnaissance tool&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/introducing-dom-snitch-our-passive-in.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/introducing-dom-snitch-our-passive-in.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='comment-container'> <i class='comment-img material-icons'>  </i> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/introducing-dom-snitch-our-passive-in.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>No comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/introducing-dom-snitch-our-passive-in.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Chrome' rel='tag'> Chrome </a> , <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Radoslav%20Vasilev' rel='tag'> Radoslav Vasilev </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='799441657065972719' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/gtac-2011-keynotes.html' itemprop='url' title='GTAC 2011 Keynotes'> GTAC 2011 Keynotes </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Thursday, June 16, 2011 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> By James Whittaker<br /> <br /> I am pleased to confirm 3 of our keynote speakers for GTAC 2011 at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View CA.<br /> <br /> Google's own <b>Alberto Savoia</b>, aka Testivus.<br /> <br /> <b>Steve McConnell</b> the best selling author of <i>Code Complete</i> and CEO of Construx Software.<br /> <br /> Award winning speaker ("the Jon Stewart of Software Security") <b>Hugh Thompson</b>.<br /> <br /> This is the start of an incredible lineup. Stay tuned for updates concerning their talks and continue to nominate additional speakers and keynotes. We're not done yet and we're taking nominations through mid July.<br /> <br /> In addition to the keynotes, we're going to be giving updates on How Google Tests Software from teams across the company including Android, Chrome, Gmail, You Tube and many more. <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> By James Whittaker<br /> <br /> I am pleased to confirm 3 of our keynote speakers for GTAC 2011 at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View CA.<br /> <br /> Google's own <b>Alberto Savoia</b>, aka Testivus.<br /> <br /> <b>Steve McConnell</b> the best selling author of <i>Code Complete</i> and CEO of Construx Software.<br /> <br /> Award winning speaker ("the Jon Stewart of Software Security") <b>Hugh Thompson</b>.<br /> <br /> This is the start of an incredible lineup. Stay tuned for updates concerning their talks and continue to nominate additional speakers and keynotes. We're not done yet and we're taking nominations through mid July.<br /> <br /> In addition to the keynotes, we're going to be giving updates on How Google Tests Software from teams across the company including Android, Chrome, Gmail, You Tube and many more. <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:GTAC 2011 Keynotes&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/gtac-2011-keynotes.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/gtac-2011-keynotes.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='comment-container'> <i class='comment-img material-icons'>  </i> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/gtac-2011-keynotes.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>2 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/gtac-2011-keynotes.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/GTAC' rel='tag'> GTAC </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='7130616933669825923' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/testing-at-speed-and-scale-of-google.html' itemprop='url' title=''> </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Tuesday, June 14, 2011 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Cross-posted from the <a href="http://google-engtools.blogspot.com/2011/06/testing-at-speed-and-scale-of-google.html">Google Engineering Tools blog</a>)</span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">By Pooja Gupta, Mark Ivey and John Penix</span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Continuous integration systems play a crucial role in keeping software working while it is being developed. The basic steps most continuous integration systems follow are:</span></div> <br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. Get the latest copy of the code.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. Run all tests.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. Report results.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4. Repeat 1-3.</span></div> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This works great while the codebase is small, code flux is reasonable and tests are fast. As a codebase grows over time, the effectiveness of such a system decreases. As more code is added, each clean run takes much longer and more changes gets crammed into a single run. If something breaks, finding and backing out the bad change is a tedious and error prone task for development teams.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Software development at </span><a href="http://google-engtools.blogspot.com/2011/05/welcome-to-google-engineering-tools.html"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Google is big and fast</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. The code base receives </span><a href="http://www.infoq.com/presentations/Development-at-Google"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20+ code changes per minute and 50% of the files change every month</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">! Each product is developed and released from ‘head’ relying on automated tests verifying the product behavior. Release frequency varies from multiple times per day to once every few weeks, depending on the product team. </span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">With such a huge, fast-moving codebase, it is possible for teams to get stuck spending a lot of time just keeping their build ‘green’. A continuous integration system should help by providing the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">exact </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">change at which a test started failing, instead of a range of suspect changes or doing a lengthy binary-search for the offending change. To find the exact change that broke a test, we could run every test at every change, but that would be very expensive.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To solve this problem, we built a continuous integration system that uses dependency analysis to determine all the tests a change transitively affects and then runs only those tests for every change. The system is built on top of Google’s cloud computing infrastructure enabling many builds to be executed concurrently, allowing the system to run affected tests as soon as a change is submitted.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Here is an example where our system can provide faster and more precise feedback than a traditional continuous build. In this scenario, there are two tests and three changes that affect these tests. The gmail_server_tests are broken by the second change, however a typical continuous integration system will only be able to tell that either change #2 or change #3 caused this test to fail. By using concurrent builds, we can launch tests without waiting for the current build/test cycle to finish. Dependency analysis limits the number of tests executed for each change, so that in this example, the total number of test executions is the same as before.</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1vFHUo7MK-4PjMEYG-nD4B_GWGNf5LuULjz1_3TZgz_ojGCyRLC1uJNzMBvdSyx8U4OiqCAW-edRB4nsdKwX6K410SJl4ME3Iq_qC4Fen5L5yFjGpk98XyyW38FYyO0VCaSlZ/s1600/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google+-+First+Drawing.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1vFHUo7MK-4PjMEYG-nD4B_GWGNf5LuULjz1_3TZgz_ojGCyRLC1uJNzMBvdSyx8U4OiqCAW-edRB4nsdKwX6K410SJl4ME3Iq_qC4Fen5L5yFjGpk98XyyW38FYyO0VCaSlZ/s1600/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google+-+First+Drawing.jpg" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Let’s look deeper into how we perform the dependency analysis. </span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We maintain an in-memory graph of coarse-grained dependencies between various tests and build rules across the entire codebase. This graph, several GBs in-memory, is kept up-to-date with each change that gets checked in. This allows us to transitively determine all tests that depend on the code modified in a given change and hence need to be re-run to know the current state of the build. Let’s walk through an example.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Consider two sample projects, each containing a different set of tests: </span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijsq5RcT4WvY6AOQSbNqNWgWiiH89QBm-XmOYG_R0BeZO7gYYp6mmuHbmvvOEkNMQqD4s5P09BxHZfhmI0bEVZ9-CPwZf7iPC3hF4uTMoIPPFvPeXytlVD7W6Tj_lunSDelwq_/s1600/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google%252C+Drawing+1.png" imageanchor="1"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKoSrjBIa2GcgYMfu_tEtzZMCBJfYI-V_z3MU4SXlUl7AMehBoc0lM1_k6AyiCpr_sGl3Y2A9rw26W2w8Qj5lAxru-A4r6AHULihpR02QU92PpYF4-XukVNcwtmhktnTHkfAU/s1600/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google%252C+Drawing+1+%25281%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKoSrjBIa2GcgYMfu_tEtzZMCBJfYI-V_z3MU4SXlUl7AMehBoc0lM1_k6AyiCpr_sGl3Y2A9rw26W2w8Qj5lAxru-A4r6AHULihpR02QU92PpYF4-XukVNcwtmhktnTHkfAU/s400/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google%252C+Drawing+1+%25281%2529.png" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> </div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">where the build dependency graph looks like this:</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlNB8cjMS4JJ5tE3-uG1nCBi90-S62NL7JKAqS-3lLWdi_0S81Hp7q-O8CQLUZhqctChgHa-5pNiOknOUiZnf0ixTVtCGJnodcGP5PwwaHk_IlmuKhY9rhGpildzbYXK8Vw68/s1600/image4.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlNB8cjMS4JJ5tE3-uG1nCBi90-S62NL7JKAqS-3lLWdi_0S81Hp7q-O8CQLUZhqctChgHa-5pNiOknOUiZnf0ixTVtCGJnodcGP5PwwaHk_IlmuKhY9rhGpildzbYXK8Vw68/s640/image4.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <br /></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We will see how two isolated code changes, at different depths of the dependency tree, are analyzed to determine affected tests, that is the minimal set of tests that needs to be run to ensure that both Gmail and Buzz projects are “green”.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Case1: Change in common library</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; white-space: normal;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For first scenario, consider a change that modifies files in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">common_collections_util</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial";"><b><br /> </b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhupQtU8HuC6MsQItvqjimJXN4HWuNwfxymYMwnTHXudeihjZdf9vT9BxFLH34NdRAFShDdHCIOcswdWVEWGALUJw508YhdCSU8VfsM23xucf0nznRtUv-sMGuNttzJT8yE5lI2/s1600/image9.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhupQtU8HuC6MsQItvqjimJXN4HWuNwfxymYMwnTHXudeihjZdf9vT9BxFLH34NdRAFShDdHCIOcswdWVEWGALUJw508YhdCSU8VfsM23xucf0nznRtUv-sMGuNttzJT8yE5lI2/s640/image9.png" width="640" /></a> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As soon as this change is submitted, we start a breadth-first search to find all tests that depend on it.</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcT41qXRD2IV1jWyghng4bWhMeji1w96yCTMUSk-rePtVnaNLhK33yfOZ4Oyx4SK5y_J6ONwYK6iapRKs-4agqrVkzNoq9pIoBPVRbmnWiGdcZpfDo0OP9ZQXXISopmHzp7UVa/s1600/image1.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcT41qXRD2IV1jWyghng4bWhMeji1w96yCTMUSk-rePtVnaNLhK33yfOZ4Oyx4SK5y_J6ONwYK6iapRKs-4agqrVkzNoq9pIoBPVRbmnWiGdcZpfDo0OP9ZQXXISopmHzp7UVa/s640/image1.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="internal-source-marker_0.11855968087911606" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Once all the direct dependencies are found, continue BFS to collect all transitive dependencies till we reach all the leaf nodes.</span></span></div> </div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4Caa8NJ5KGbGp9Ii3Ow-gPtV_Ps3ecU5u5RD3mM2bdRot8cDqm9LEHro4gN6SjFtE5HwhyphenhyphenF3dMTeh4ZAZANfmkMM79aaUJwayucTb3x6GZ0GhhqHgJONCCuMxtJlxGyC8jkW/s1600/image8.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4Caa8NJ5KGbGp9Ii3Ow-gPtV_Ps3ecU5u5RD3mM2bdRot8cDqm9LEHro4gN6SjFtE5HwhyphenhyphenF3dMTeh4ZAZANfmkMM79aaUJwayucTb3x6GZ0GhhqHgJONCCuMxtJlxGyC8jkW/s640/image8.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="internal-source-marker_0.11855968087911606" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When done, we have all the tests that need to be run, and can calculate the projects that will need to update their overall status based on results from these tests.</span></span></div> </div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyziL534yHyEK0elvdCLhRvHENR1U6q4Rg6j4JgLYE_besGsbFb0AQrb-0iE3jOPaS88gl9wQ0SXpywRoiVW3a3iC3LFR_M1wW10Yq8ThUy_SvVHhnzzeTC9wdlvaHeQqh-f6P/s1600/image6.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyziL534yHyEK0elvdCLhRvHENR1U6q4Rg6j4JgLYE_besGsbFb0AQrb-0iE3jOPaS88gl9wQ0SXpywRoiVW3a3iC3LFR_M1wW10Yq8ThUy_SvVHhnzzeTC9wdlvaHeQqh-f6P/s640/image6.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span id="internal-source-marker_0.11855968087911606" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Case2: Change in a dependent project:</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When a change modifying files in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">youtube_client</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is submitted.</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1P5RjUTEdKxuZljX2wbgozkWlTyTrjvIJm8QzBb48yex-898QQ5d0hsdLnxcD-jHloLR_7RHzqHvUdNZcqCcFIOB_YNY7AKNFXViQJuXdsB5rgLWe-MsGqZD8VPHP9aha13fQ/s1600/image5.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1P5RjUTEdKxuZljX2wbgozkWlTyTrjvIJm8QzBb48yex-898QQ5d0hsdLnxcD-jHloLR_7RHzqHvUdNZcqCcFIOB_YNY7AKNFXViQJuXdsB5rgLWe-MsGqZD8VPHP9aha13fQ/s640/image5.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="internal-source-marker_0.11855968087911606" style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">We perform the same analysis to conclude that only </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">buzz_client_tests</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> is affected and status of Buzz project needs to be updated:</span></span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdqgB-U-2iNiyfZRYiJ-w0FBKf-43-TH1RREm_uHFkjXvhat95Km9-1dut9jQE3owsbz6DnaAm3Mh1n5Kl8EJ3S5fYqub0G632cYLVM9vCFSKB2XDzvzO5N3xpfd5hFzZ18K0f/s1600/image2.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdqgB-U-2iNiyfZRYiJ-w0FBKf-43-TH1RREm_uHFkjXvhat95Km9-1dut9jQE3owsbz6DnaAm3Mh1n5Kl8EJ3S5fYqub0G632cYLVM9vCFSKB2XDzvzO5N3xpfd5hFzZ18K0f/s640/image2.png" width="640" /></a></span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></span></div> </div> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The example above illustrates how we optimize the number of tests run per change without sacrificing the accuracy of end results for a project. A lesser number of tests run per change allows us to run all </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">affected</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> tests for every change that gets checked in, making it easier for a developer to detect and deal with an offending change.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Use of smart tools and cloud computing infrastructure in the continuous integration system makes it fast and reliable. While we are constantly working on making improvements to this system, thousands of Google projects are already using it to launch-and-iterate quickly and hence making faster user-visible progress.</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> </div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Cross-posted from the <a href="http://google-engtools.blogspot.com/2011/06/testing-at-speed-and-scale-of-google.html">Google Engineering Tools blog</a>)</span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">By Pooja Gupta, Mark Ivey and John Penix</span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Continuous integration systems play a crucial role in keeping software working while it is being developed. The basic steps most continuous integration systems follow are:</span></div> <br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. Get the latest copy of the code.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. Run all tests.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. Report results.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4. Repeat 1-3.</span></div> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This works great while the codebase is small, code flux is reasonable and tests are fast. As a codebase grows over time, the effectiveness of such a system decreases. As more code is added, each clean run takes much longer and more changes gets crammed into a single run. If something breaks, finding and backing out the bad change is a tedious and error prone task for development teams.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Software development at </span><a href="http://google-engtools.blogspot.com/2011/05/welcome-to-google-engineering-tools.html"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Google is big and fast</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. The code base receives </span><a href="http://www.infoq.com/presentations/Development-at-Google"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20+ code changes per minute and 50% of the files change every month</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">! Each product is developed and released from ‘head’ relying on automated tests verifying the product behavior. Release frequency varies from multiple times per day to once every few weeks, depending on the product team. </span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">With such a huge, fast-moving codebase, it is possible for teams to get stuck spending a lot of time just keeping their build ‘green’. A continuous integration system should help by providing the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">exact </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">change at which a test started failing, instead of a range of suspect changes or doing a lengthy binary-search for the offending change. To find the exact change that broke a test, we could run every test at every change, but that would be very expensive.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To solve this problem, we built a continuous integration system that uses dependency analysis to determine all the tests a change transitively affects and then runs only those tests for every change. The system is built on top of Google’s cloud computing infrastructure enabling many builds to be executed concurrently, allowing the system to run affected tests as soon as a change is submitted.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Here is an example where our system can provide faster and more precise feedback than a traditional continuous build. In this scenario, there are two tests and three changes that affect these tests. The gmail_server_tests are broken by the second change, however a typical continuous integration system will only be able to tell that either change #2 or change #3 caused this test to fail. By using concurrent builds, we can launch tests without waiting for the current build/test cycle to finish. Dependency analysis limits the number of tests executed for each change, so that in this example, the total number of test executions is the same as before.</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1vFHUo7MK-4PjMEYG-nD4B_GWGNf5LuULjz1_3TZgz_ojGCyRLC1uJNzMBvdSyx8U4OiqCAW-edRB4nsdKwX6K410SJl4ME3Iq_qC4Fen5L5yFjGpk98XyyW38FYyO0VCaSlZ/s1600/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google+-+First+Drawing.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1vFHUo7MK-4PjMEYG-nD4B_GWGNf5LuULjz1_3TZgz_ojGCyRLC1uJNzMBvdSyx8U4OiqCAW-edRB4nsdKwX6K410SJl4ME3Iq_qC4Fen5L5yFjGpk98XyyW38FYyO0VCaSlZ/s1600/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google+-+First+Drawing.jpg" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Let’s look deeper into how we perform the dependency analysis. </span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We maintain an in-memory graph of coarse-grained dependencies between various tests and build rules across the entire codebase. This graph, several GBs in-memory, is kept up-to-date with each change that gets checked in. This allows us to transitively determine all tests that depend on the code modified in a given change and hence need to be re-run to know the current state of the build. Let’s walk through an example.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Consider two sample projects, each containing a different set of tests: </span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijsq5RcT4WvY6AOQSbNqNWgWiiH89QBm-XmOYG_R0BeZO7gYYp6mmuHbmvvOEkNMQqD4s5P09BxHZfhmI0bEVZ9-CPwZf7iPC3hF4uTMoIPPFvPeXytlVD7W6Tj_lunSDelwq_/s1600/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google%252C+Drawing+1.png" imageanchor="1"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKoSrjBIa2GcgYMfu_tEtzZMCBJfYI-V_z3MU4SXlUl7AMehBoc0lM1_k6AyiCpr_sGl3Y2A9rw26W2w8Qj5lAxru-A4r6AHULihpR02QU92PpYF4-XukVNcwtmhktnTHkfAU/s1600/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google%252C+Drawing+1+%25281%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKoSrjBIa2GcgYMfu_tEtzZMCBJfYI-V_z3MU4SXlUl7AMehBoc0lM1_k6AyiCpr_sGl3Y2A9rw26W2w8Qj5lAxru-A4r6AHULihpR02QU92PpYF4-XukVNcwtmhktnTHkfAU/s400/Testing+at+the+speed+and+scale+of+Google%252C+Drawing+1+%25281%2529.png" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> </div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">where the build dependency graph looks like this:</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlNB8cjMS4JJ5tE3-uG1nCBi90-S62NL7JKAqS-3lLWdi_0S81Hp7q-O8CQLUZhqctChgHa-5pNiOknOUiZnf0ixTVtCGJnodcGP5PwwaHk_IlmuKhY9rhGpildzbYXK8Vw68/s1600/image4.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlNB8cjMS4JJ5tE3-uG1nCBi90-S62NL7JKAqS-3lLWdi_0S81Hp7q-O8CQLUZhqctChgHa-5pNiOknOUiZnf0ixTVtCGJnodcGP5PwwaHk_IlmuKhY9rhGpildzbYXK8Vw68/s640/image4.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <br /></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We will see how two isolated code changes, at different depths of the dependency tree, are analyzed to determine affected tests, that is the minimal set of tests that needs to be run to ensure that both Gmail and Buzz projects are “green”.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Case1: Change in common library</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; white-space: normal;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For first scenario, consider a change that modifies files in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">common_collections_util</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial";"><b><br /> </b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhupQtU8HuC6MsQItvqjimJXN4HWuNwfxymYMwnTHXudeihjZdf9vT9BxFLH34NdRAFShDdHCIOcswdWVEWGALUJw508YhdCSU8VfsM23xucf0nznRtUv-sMGuNttzJT8yE5lI2/s1600/image9.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhupQtU8HuC6MsQItvqjimJXN4HWuNwfxymYMwnTHXudeihjZdf9vT9BxFLH34NdRAFShDdHCIOcswdWVEWGALUJw508YhdCSU8VfsM23xucf0nznRtUv-sMGuNttzJT8yE5lI2/s640/image9.png" width="640" /></a> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As soon as this change is submitted, we start a breadth-first search to find all tests that depend on it.</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcT41qXRD2IV1jWyghng4bWhMeji1w96yCTMUSk-rePtVnaNLhK33yfOZ4Oyx4SK5y_J6ONwYK6iapRKs-4agqrVkzNoq9pIoBPVRbmnWiGdcZpfDo0OP9ZQXXISopmHzp7UVa/s1600/image1.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcT41qXRD2IV1jWyghng4bWhMeji1w96yCTMUSk-rePtVnaNLhK33yfOZ4Oyx4SK5y_J6ONwYK6iapRKs-4agqrVkzNoq9pIoBPVRbmnWiGdcZpfDo0OP9ZQXXISopmHzp7UVa/s640/image1.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="internal-source-marker_0.11855968087911606" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Once all the direct dependencies are found, continue BFS to collect all transitive dependencies till we reach all the leaf nodes.</span></span></div> </div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4Caa8NJ5KGbGp9Ii3Ow-gPtV_Ps3ecU5u5RD3mM2bdRot8cDqm9LEHro4gN6SjFtE5HwhyphenhyphenF3dMTeh4ZAZANfmkMM79aaUJwayucTb3x6GZ0GhhqHgJONCCuMxtJlxGyC8jkW/s1600/image8.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4Caa8NJ5KGbGp9Ii3Ow-gPtV_Ps3ecU5u5RD3mM2bdRot8cDqm9LEHro4gN6SjFtE5HwhyphenhyphenF3dMTeh4ZAZANfmkMM79aaUJwayucTb3x6GZ0GhhqHgJONCCuMxtJlxGyC8jkW/s640/image8.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="internal-source-marker_0.11855968087911606" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When done, we have all the tests that need to be run, and can calculate the projects that will need to update their overall status based on results from these tests.</span></span></div> </div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyziL534yHyEK0elvdCLhRvHENR1U6q4Rg6j4JgLYE_besGsbFb0AQrb-0iE3jOPaS88gl9wQ0SXpywRoiVW3a3iC3LFR_M1wW10Yq8ThUy_SvVHhnzzeTC9wdlvaHeQqh-f6P/s1600/image6.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyziL534yHyEK0elvdCLhRvHENR1U6q4Rg6j4JgLYE_besGsbFb0AQrb-0iE3jOPaS88gl9wQ0SXpywRoiVW3a3iC3LFR_M1wW10Yq8ThUy_SvVHhnzzeTC9wdlvaHeQqh-f6P/s640/image6.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span id="internal-source-marker_0.11855968087911606" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Case2: Change in a dependent project:</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When a change modifying files in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">youtube_client</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is submitted.</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1P5RjUTEdKxuZljX2wbgozkWlTyTrjvIJm8QzBb48yex-898QQ5d0hsdLnxcD-jHloLR_7RHzqHvUdNZcqCcFIOB_YNY7AKNFXViQJuXdsB5rgLWe-MsGqZD8VPHP9aha13fQ/s1600/image5.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1P5RjUTEdKxuZljX2wbgozkWlTyTrjvIJm8QzBb48yex-898QQ5d0hsdLnxcD-jHloLR_7RHzqHvUdNZcqCcFIOB_YNY7AKNFXViQJuXdsB5rgLWe-MsGqZD8VPHP9aha13fQ/s640/image5.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="internal-source-marker_0.11855968087911606" style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">We perform the same analysis to conclude that only </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">buzz_client_tests</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> is affected and status of Buzz project needs to be updated:</span></span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdqgB-U-2iNiyfZRYiJ-w0FBKf-43-TH1RREm_uHFkjXvhat95Km9-1dut9jQE3owsbz6DnaAm3Mh1n5Kl8EJ3S5fYqub0G632cYLVM9vCFSKB2XDzvzO5N3xpfd5hFzZ18K0f/s1600/image2.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdqgB-U-2iNiyfZRYiJ-w0FBKf-43-TH1RREm_uHFkjXvhat95Km9-1dut9jQE3owsbz6DnaAm3Mh1n5Kl8EJ3S5fYqub0G632cYLVM9vCFSKB2XDzvzO5N3xpfd5hFzZ18K0f/s640/image2.png" width="640" /></a></span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></span></div> </div> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The example above illustrates how we optimize the number of tests run per change without sacrificing the accuracy of end results for a project. A lesser number of tests run per change allows us to run all </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">affected</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> tests for every change that gets checked in, making it easier for a developer to detect and deal with an offending change.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Use of smart tools and cloud computing infrastructure in the continuous integration system makes it fast and reliable. While we are constantly working on making improvements to this system, thousands of Google projects are already using it to launch-and-iterate quickly and hence making faster user-visible progress.</span></div> <div style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /> </span></div> </div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/testing-at-speed-and-scale-of-google.html&via=googletesting'> <img 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href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2019/07/'> Jul </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2019/01/'> Jan </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/'> 2018 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li 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href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2018/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/'> 2017 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(17)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li 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href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/07/'> Jul </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/06/'> Jun </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2017/01/'> Jan </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/'> 2016 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(15)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/10/'> Oct </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/09/'> Sep </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/06/'> Jun </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/03/'> Mar </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2016/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/'> 2015 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(14)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/10/'> Oct </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/06/'> Jun </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li 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href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/introducing-dom-snitch-our-passive-in.html'> Introducing DOM Snitch, our passive in-the-browser... </a> </li> <li> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/gtac-2011-keynotes.html'> GTAC 2011 Keynotes </a> </li> <li> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/06/testing-at-speed-and-scale-of-google.html'> (Cross-posted from the Google Engineering Tools b... </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2011/04/'> Apr </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> 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</a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/'> 2010 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(37)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/12/'> Dec </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/11/'> Nov </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/10/'> Oct </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/09/'> Sep </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/08/'> Aug </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/07/'> Jul </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a 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class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/02/'> Feb </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/01/'> Jan </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2009/'> 2009 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(54)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a 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summaryHtml = this.finalizeSummary(summaryHtml, content.childNodes[i-1]); } break; } summaryHtml += node.outerHTML; } else if (node.nodeType == 3) { nodeText = node.nodeValue; summaryHtml += nodeText + ' '; } var words = nodeText.match(/\S+\s*/g); if (!words) { continue; } var remain = numWords - seenWords; if (words.length >= remain) { summaryHtml = this.finalizeSummary(summaryHtml, node); break; } seenWords += words.length; } return summaryHtml; }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.detect = function() { var match, pl = /\+/g, search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, query = window.location.search.substring(1); var urlParams = {}; while (match = search.exec(query)) urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); this.isListPage = $('html').hasClass('list-page'); this.isMobile = urlParams['m'] === '1'; this.isHomePage = window.location.pathname == '/'; }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.initContent = function() { var self = this; $('.post').each(function(index) { var body = $(this).children('.post-body')[0]; var content = $(body).children('.post-content')[0]; $(content).addClass('post-original'); var data = $(content).children('script').html(); data = self.rewriteForSSL(data); // If exists, extract specified editor's preview. var match = data.match(/([\s\S]+?)<div data-is-preview.+?>([\s\S]+)<\/div>/m); if (match) { data = match[1]; } // Prevent big images from loading when they aren't needed. // This must be done as a pre-injection step, since image loading can't be // canceled once embedded into the DOM. if (self.isListPage && self.isMobile) { data = data.replace(/<(img|iframe) .+?>/g, ''); } // Insert template to be rendered as nodes. content.innerHTML = data; if (self.isListPage) { var summary = document.createElement('div'); $(summary).addClass('post-content'); $(summary).addClass('post-summary'); body.insertBefore(summary, content); if (match) { // Use provided summary. summary.innerHTML = match[2]; } 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