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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Names of the Philippines</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أسماء الفلبين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسماء الفلبين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngaran_kan_Filipinas" title="Ngaran kan Filipinas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ngaran kan Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagan_ti_Filipinas" title="Nagan ti Filipinas – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Nagan ti Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16931900#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a description of the island state, see <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/375px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/500px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">nation's coat of arms</a> showing its official name in <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>, one of its <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">two official languages</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There have been several <b>names of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Pilipinas</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">[pɪlɪˈpinɐs]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Filipinas</i>) in different cultures and at different times, usually in reference to <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">specific island groups</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Islands">current archipelago</a>. Even the name <i>Philippines</i> itself was originally intended to apply only to <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samar" title="Samar">Samar</a>, and nearby islands. It was bestowed by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_explorers" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish explorers">explorer</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a> or one of his captains <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_la_Torre" title="Bernardo de la Torre">Bernardo de la Torre</a> in 1543 in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince of Spain">crown prince</a> Philip, later <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip<span class="nowrap"> </span>II</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, which they reached first and assumed to be the greater land, they named after the reigning <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire">emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire">Charles<span class="nowrap"> </span>V</a>, who was also <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">Spain's king</a> Carlos<span class="nowrap"> </span>I. Over the course of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Philippines">Spanish colonization</a>, the name was eventually extended to cover the entire chain. It has survived with minor changes. The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a> called its state the <a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">Philippine Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">República Filipina</i>). The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government of the Philippines">US military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Government of the Philippines">civilian occupations</a> called their territory the Philippine Islands (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Islas Filipinas</i>). During the <a href="/wiki/Third_Philippine_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Philippine Republic">Third Philippine Republic</a>, the state's official name was formally changed to the Philippines. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Present_name">Present name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Present name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A1laga_hace_historia,_Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/M%C3%A1laga_hace_historia%2C_Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos_01.jpg/250px-M%C3%A1laga_hace_historia%2C_Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/M%C3%A1laga_hace_historia%2C_Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos_01.jpg/375px-M%C3%A1laga_hace_historia%2C_Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/M%C3%A1laga_hace_historia%2C_Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos_01.jpg/500px-M%C3%A1laga_hace_historia%2C_Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The plaque in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, commemorating <a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">López de Villalobos</a> for naming the Philippines. Some sources credit his captain <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_la_Torre" title="Bernardo de la Torre">Bernardo de la Torre</a> for the name instead.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1561_map_of_East_Asia_by_Giacomo_Gastaldi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/1561_map_of_East_Asia_by_Giacomo_Gastaldi.jpg/250px-1561_map_of_East_Asia_by_Giacomo_Gastaldi.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/1561_map_of_East_Asia_by_Giacomo_Gastaldi.jpg/375px-1561_map_of_East_Asia_by_Giacomo_Gastaldi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/1561_map_of_East_Asia_by_Giacomo_Gastaldi.jpg/500px-1561_map_of_East_Asia_by_Giacomo_Gastaldi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="17798" data-file-height="11612" /></a><figcaption>A 1561 map of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> by the Italian cartographer <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Gastaldi" title="Giacomo Gastaldi">Giacomo Gastaldi</a>, using the name Philippine Island (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Philippina</i>) for <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a> but not the entire archipelago</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Villalobos_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Villalobos Expedition">Villalobos Expedition</a></div> <p>The present name of the Philippines was bestowed by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_explorers" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish explorers">explorer</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a><sup id="cite_ref-bob_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bob-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-halili22_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halili22-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or one of his captains <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_la_Torre" title="Bernardo de la Torre">Bernardo de la Torre</a><sup id="cite_ref-grescot_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grescot-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-etym_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etym-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1543, during <a href="/wiki/Villalobos_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Villalobos Expedition">an expedition</a> intended to establish greater Spanish control at the western end of the division of the world established between Spain and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">treaties of Tordesillas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zaragoza" title="Treaty of Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>. Having already named <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> for their king, the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburg</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire">emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire">Charles<span class="nowrap"> </span>V</a>, the Philippine Island honored his son, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince of Spain">crown prince</a> Philip, later <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip<span class="nowrap"> </span>II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Spain</a>. The name <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Felipina</i></span> and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Islas Felipinas</i></span> originally applied to only <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samar" title="Samar">Samar</a>, and their nearby islands<sup id="cite_ref-grescot_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grescot-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-etym_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etym-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before shifting to <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Islas Filipinas</i></span> and spreading to the rest.<sup id="cite_ref-lakbay.net_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lakbay.net-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was <a href="/wiki/Borrowing_(linguistics)" title="Borrowing (linguistics)">borrowed</a> into English as the <i>Philippine Islands</i> soon after, a name which was used throughout <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">America</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government of the Philippines">military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Government of the Philippines">civilian occupations</a> of the archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-shvoong_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shvoong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present_name_in_other_languages">Present name in other languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Present name in other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1987 Constitution provides that Filipino and English be official languages of the Philippines. It does not contain a provision specifically designating an official name for the country; however, "Republic of the Philippines" is used consistently throughout its provisions (in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>). Article XIV, section 8 of the Constitution also mandates that the constitution be also promulgated in Filipino but no such official Filipino version exists. <i>"Republika ng Pilipinas"</i> is the <i>de facto</i> name of the country used in Filipino. When standing alone in English, the country's name is always preceded by the article <i>the</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-filblog_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filblog-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-purdueowl_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-purdueowl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the definite article <i>ang</i> does not precede the name in Filipino contexts. </p><p>The country has throughout its history been known as <i>Filipinas</i>. The earliest known use of <i>Pilipinas</i> in Tagalog was by the <a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a> in their deciphered 1892 foundational document.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1930s, the scholar Lope K. Santos introduced the <a href="/wiki/Abakada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abakada">abakada</a> alphabet for writing Tagalog which no longer used the letter <i>F</i> as this sound was absent and was usually pronounced by speakers of several Philippine languages as "P". The abakada alphabet also subsequently spread to other Philippine languages (which had been using spelling systems based on the Spanish <i><a href="/wiki/Abecedario" class="mw-redirect" title="Abecedario">abecedario</a></i>). Thus, the form <i>Pilipinas</i> propagated and came into general use.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Filipino_Language" title="Commission on the Filipino Language">Commission on the Filipino Language</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Artist_of_the_Philippines" title="National Artist of the Philippines">National Artist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgilio_S._Almario" title="Virgilio S. Almario">Virgilio S. Almario</a> urged the usage of <i>Filipinas</i> as the country's official name to reflect its origin and history,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to be inclusive of all languages in the country of which phonologies contain <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>, represented by the <a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">grapheme</a> F in the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_alphabet" title="Filipino alphabet">present-day Philippine alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This policy was later undone in 2021 by the new commissioner, Arthur Casanova, for being unconstitutional. The commission now recommends the use of <i>Pilipinas</i> over <i>Filipinas</i> when communicating in Filipino.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At international meetings, only the English name usually appears to identify the Philippines (e.g., when there are meetings in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a>) in this setting. This is also the tradition even if the meeting is held within the Philippines. The country's name in other languages is more often than not based on either <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Filipinas</i></span> or <i><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">Philippines</span></span></i>, both ultimately rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Philippinae</i></span>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Short Form<br />(<i>Philippines</i>) </th> <th>Transliteration </th> <th>Long Form<br />(<i>Republic of the Philippines</i>) </th> <th>Transliteration </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippyne</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republiek van die Filippyne</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinet</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republika e Filipineve</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ፊሊፒንስ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipins</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ፊሊፒንስ ሪፐብሊክ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipins Ripäblik</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">الفلبين </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Al Filibīn</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">جمهورية الفلبين </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Jumhūrīyyat Al Filibīn</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Ֆիլիպիններ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinner</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Ֆիլիպիններում Հանրապետություն </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippinerum Hanrapetut'yun</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippin Respublikası</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ፊሊፒንስ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipins</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ፊሊፒንስ ሪፐብሊክ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipins Ripäblik</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinetan</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinetako Errepublikako</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipine jamana na</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipine jamana ka jamana</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Філіпіны </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipiny</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Рэспубліка Філіпіны </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Respublika Filipiny</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ফিলিপাইন </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipain</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ফিলিপাইন প্রজাতন্ত্র </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipain Projatôntro</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Филипини </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipini</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Република Филипини </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republika Filipini</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">菲律賓</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Fēileuhtbān</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">菲律賓共和國</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Fēileuhtbān Guhngwòhgwok</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipines</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>República de les Filipines</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipini</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republika Filipini</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipíny</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipínská republika</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippinerne</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republikken Filippinerne</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipijnen</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republiek der Filipijnen</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Language">Estonian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipiinid</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipiini Vabariik</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippiinit</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippiinien Tasavalta</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Matanitu Tugalala o Filipin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Philippines</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>République des Philippines</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ფილიპინები </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>P'ilipinebi</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ფილიპინების რესპუბლიკა </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>P'ilipinebis respublika</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Philippinen</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republik der Philippinen</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Φιλιππίνες </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippínes</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Δημοκρατία των Φιλιππίνων </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Di̱mokratía to̱n Filippíno̱n</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">फ़िलिपीण </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippínn</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">फ़िलिपीण गणराज्य </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippínn Gannrājya</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">פיליפינים</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinim</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">הרפובליקה של הפיליפינים</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Ha'republika shel ha'Filipinim</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">फ़िलीपीन्स </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipīns</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">फ़िलीपींस गणराज्य </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filīpīns Gaṇarājya</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">菲律賓<br />呂宋 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Hui-li̍p-pin</i><br /><i>Lū-sòng</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">菲律賓共和國 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Hui-li̍p-pin kiōng-hô-kok</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Fülöp-szigetek</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Fülöp-szigeteki Köztársaság</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippseyjar</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Lýðveldið Filippseyjar</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i> Filipina</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republik Filipina</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Poblacht na nOileán Filipíneacha</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippine</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Repubblica delle Filippine</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">フィリピン</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Firipin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">フィリピン共和国</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Firipin kyōwakoku</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Филиппиндер </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippinder</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Филиппин Республикасы </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippin Respublikasy</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ប្រទេសហ្វីលីពីន </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">សាធារណរដ្ឋហ្វីលីពីន </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Sathéaranakrâth Filippin</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">필리핀 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Pillipin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">필리핀 공화국 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Pillipin Gonghwaguk</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filîpîn</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Komara Filîpînan</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ຟີລິບປິນ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ສາທາລະນະລັດຟີລິບປິນ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Sāthālanalat Filipin</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Philippinae</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Respublica Philippinarum</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipīnas</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipīnu Republika</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinai</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinų Respublika</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>pilipinas</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>la pilipinas. zei gubyseltru</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Филипини </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipini</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Република Филипини </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republika Filipini</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipina</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republik Filipina</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippini</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Repubblika tal-Filippini</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">菲律宾</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Fēilǜbīn</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">菲律宾共和国</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Fēilǜbīn Gònghéguó</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">फिलिपिन्स </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipins</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">फिलिपिन्सचे प्रजासत्ताक </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinsce prajāsattāk</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippinene</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republikken Filippinene</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">فیلیپین </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">جمهوری فیلیپین </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Jomhuri Filipin</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipiny</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republika Filipin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinas</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>República das Filipinas</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipine</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republica Filipinelor</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Филиппины </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipiny</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Республика Филиппины </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Respublika Filipiny</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Филипини </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipini</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Република Филипини </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republika Filipini</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">පිලිපීනය </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Pilipinaya</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">පිලිපීනය ජනරජය </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Pilipinaya Janarajaya</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipíny</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipínska Republika</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipini</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republika Filipini</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filibiin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Jamhuuriyada Filibiin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinas</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>República de Filipinas</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Ufilipino</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Jamhuri ya Ufilipino</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippinerna</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Republiken Filippinerna</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">பிலிப்பைன்ஸ்</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Pilippaiṉs</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">பிலிப்பைன்ஸ் குடியரசு</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Pilippaiṉs kuṭiyaracu</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">ฟิลิปปินส์</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">สาธารณรัฐฟิลิปปินส์</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Sāthāranarat Filippin</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinler</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipinler Cumhuriyeti</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippinler</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippinler Respublikasy</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Філіпіни </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippiny</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Республіка Філіппіни </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Respublika Filippiny</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">فلپائن </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filipāʾin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">جمہوریہ فلپائن </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Jamhūriya Filipāʾin</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippin</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Filippin Respublikasi</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Phi Luật Tân</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Cộng hoà Phi Luật Tân</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Philipinau</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Gweriniaeth Ynysoedd y Philipinau</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_names">Historical names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the <i>Philippines</i>, the archipelago of a country has historically had numerous other names: </p> <ul><li><b>Panyupayana</b>. Scholars and traders from the Indian subcontinent historically referred to the Philippines as Panyupayana, a term which emanated from the geopolitical orientation of the Indians, that started with the cosmological orientation. This is manifested by the Puranas and other Indian literature, such as <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Panyupayana_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panyupayana-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also has versions in the Philippines such as <a href="/wiki/Maharadia_Lawana" title="Maharadia Lawana">Maharadia Lawana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Francisco1969_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francisco1969-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francisco1989_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francisco1989-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ma-i" title="Ma-i">Ma-i</a></b>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Rugua" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhao Rugua">Zhao Rugua</a>'s (趙汝适) book <i><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Fan_Zhi" title="Zhu Fan Zhi">Zhu Fan Zhi</a></i> (诸蕃志/諸蕃誌) written around the 13th century during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, there was a group of islands found in southern <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> called <i>Ma-i</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:麻">麻</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%80%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:逸">逸</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: Mâ-i̍t, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: Máyì). The islands groups were later invaded and renamed and identified by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Spanish</a> to be the island of <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lakbay.net_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lakbay.net-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was further proved by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Blumentritt" title="Ferdinand Blumentritt">Ferdinand Blumentritt</a> in his 1882 book, <i>Versuch einer Ethnographie der Philippinen</i> (An Attempt to the Study of Ethnography of the Philippines) that Ma-i was the Chinese local name of present-day Mindoro.<sup id="cite_ref-hirth160footnote1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hirth160footnote1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, historians claimed that Ma-i was not an island, but all the south of South Sea islands groups and <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> itself,<sup id="cite_ref-quezon_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quezon-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was known to be an overseas Chinese settlement which was in constant contact with the Chinese mainland as early as the 9th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Ma-i consists of the 三洲 (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Sam-chiu</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Sānzhōu</i>, lit. "Three islands") group of islands: <i>Kia-ma-yen</i> (卡拉棉, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Khá-la-miân</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Kǎlāmián</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Calamian_Islands" title="Calamian Islands">Calamian</a>"), 巴拉望 (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Pa-la-bāng</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Bālāwàng</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a>") and <i>Pa-ki-nung</i> (布桑加, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Pò͘-song-ka</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Bùsāngjiā</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Busuanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Busuanga">Busuanga</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-hirth162footnote1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hirth162footnote1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Aside from 三洲, Ma-i also consists of the islands of <i>Pai-p'u-yen</i> (巴布延, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Pa-pò͘-iân</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Bābùyán</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Babuyan_Islands" title="Babuyan Islands">Babuyan</a>"), <i>P'u-li-lu</i> (波利略, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Po-lī-lio̍k</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Bōlìlüè</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Polillo_Island" title="Polillo Island">Polillo</a>"), <i>Lim-kia-tung</i> (林加延, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Lîm-ka-iân</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Línjiāyán</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Lingayen,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingayen, Pangasinan">Lingayen</a>"), <i>Liu-sung</i> (呂宋, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Lū-sòng</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Lǚsòng</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>") and <i>Li-ban</i> (盧邦, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Lô͘-pang</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Lúbāng</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Lubang_Island" title="Lubang Island">Lubang</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was said that these islands had contacts with Chinese traders from Canton (<a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>) as early as 982 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-hirth160footnote1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hirth160footnote1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quezon_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quezon-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>Liusung</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%AE%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:呂宋">呂宋</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Lū-sòng</i>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Lǚsòng</i>) was the name ascribed by the Chinese to the present-day island of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>. It originated from the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> word <i>lusong</i>, a wooden mortar that is used to pound rice. When the Spanish produced maps of the Philippines during the early 17th century, they called the island <i>Luçonia</i> which was later respelled as <i>Luzonia</i>, then Luzon.<sup id="cite_ref-keat798_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keat798-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>Las islas de San Lázaro</b> (St. Lazarus' Islands). Named by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> in 1521 when he reached the islands of <a href="/wiki/Homonhon" title="Homonhon">Homonhon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samar_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Samar Island">Samar</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Samar" title="Eastern Samar">Eastern Samar</a>) on the feast day of <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Saint Lazarus of Bethany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lakbay.net_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lakbay.net-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Las islas de Poniente</b> (Islands to the West). Another name from Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 when he learned that the <i>Las islas de San Lázaro</i> also included <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a> islands.<sup id="cite_ref-navigacion_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navigacion-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, various sources claimed that Magellan was not the one who renamed the area, but his chroniclers instead. The name came from the fact that the islands were reached from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> en route approaching the left part of the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-lakbay.net_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lakbay.net-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, the Portuguese called the archipelago <b>Ilhas do oriente</b> (Islands to the East) because they approached the islands from the east of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> in the late 1540s.<sup id="cite_ref-mrsatos_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrsatos-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The Portuguese referred the whole island of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> as <b><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%A7%C3%B5es" class="mw-redirect" title="Luções">ilhas Luções</a></b>, or <i>Luzones Islands</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-mrsatos_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrsatos-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> was formerly called <b>ilhas de Liquíos Celebes</b> because of the existence of <a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a> south of Mindanao.<sup id="cite_ref-mrsatos_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrsatos-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Caesarea Caroli</b> or <b>Karoli</b> was the name given by Villalobos or De la Torre to the island of <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> when they reached the sea near it in 1543. This was named after <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (and I of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The southern island of <a href="/wiki/Sarangani,_Davao_Occidental" title="Sarangani, Davao Occidental">Sarangani</a> was renamed by Villalobos as <i>Antonia</i>, in honor of <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza">Antonio de Mendoza</a> y Pacheco, the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of New Spain">Viceroy of New Spain</a> who commissioned Villalobos expedition to the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-halili22_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halili22-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Villalobos also named the <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral zone</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Samar_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Samar Island">islands of Samar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lete_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Lete Island">Leyte</a> as <b>Tendaya</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>, through a Royal Decree, bestowed the name <b>Nuevo Reino de Castilla</b> (<i>New Kingdom of Castilla</i>) to the island of Luzon during the expedition of <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Pearl"></span><b>Pearl of the Orient/Pearl of the Orient Seas</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Perla de oriente</i>/<i>Perla del mar de oriente</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">sobriquet</a> of the Philippines. The term originated from the idea of Spanish <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> Fr. Juan J. Delgado in 1751.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his last poem <i><a href="/wiki/Mi_%C3%BAltimo_adi%C3%B3s" title="Mi último adiós">Mi último adiós</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">Dr. José Rizal</a> referred the country with this name.<sup id="cite_ref-ultimo_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultimo-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960 revision of <i><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a></i>, the Philippine <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> version of this phrase was included as the translation from the original Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-ra8491_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra8491-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:350px;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mi_%C3%BAltimo_adi%C3%B3s" title="Mi último adiós">Mi último adiós</a></i>, original <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (1896, first stanza)<sup id="cite_ref-ultimo_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultimo-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:350px;"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> translation<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <div class="poem"> <p><i>Adios, Patria adorada, region del sol querida,</i><br /> <i><b>Perla del Mar de Oriente</b>, nuestro perdido Eden!</i><br /> <i>A darte voy alegre la triste mustia vida,</i><br /> <i>Y fuera más brillante más fresca, más florida,</i><br /> <i>Tambien por tí la diera, la diera por tu bien.</i> </p> </div> </td> <td> <div class="poem"> <p>Farewell, my adored Land, region of the sun caressed,<br /> <b>Pearl of the Orient Sea</b>, our Eden lost,<br /> With gladness I give you my Life, sad and repressed;<br /> And were it more brilliant, more fresh and at its best,<br /> I would still give it to you for your welfare at most. </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:350px;">"<i><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a></i>", official <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> lyrics<br />(1958, rev. 1960s, first stanza)<sup id="cite_ref-ra8491_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra8491-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:350px;">Original <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> lyrics<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <div class="poem"> <p><i>Bayang magiliw,</i><br /> <i><b>Perlas ng Silanganan</b></i><br /> <i>Alab ng puso,</i><br /> <i>Sa Dibdib mo'y buhay.</i> </p> </div> </td> <td> <div class="poem"> <p><i>Tierra adorada,</i><br /> <i><b>hija del sol de Oriente,</b></i><br /> <i>su fuego ardiente</i><br /> <i>en ti latiendo está.</i> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uncertain_names">Uncertain names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uncertain names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Maniolas</b>. According to Fr. Francisco Colin in 1663, a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> cleric and an early historian of the Philippines, <i>Maniolas</i> was the name used by <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Ptolemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius Ptolemy">Claudius Ptolemy</a> to refer to the group of islands south of China (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-shvoong_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shvoong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MST_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MST-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colin quoted Ptolemy's writings speaking about the Maniolas islands, which is probably Manila. This theory was further supported by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_A._Paterno" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro A. Paterno">Pedro A. Paterno</a>. Rizal also said that the country was recorded to Ptolemy's maps when a sailor named <a href="/wiki/Hippalus" title="Hippalus">Hippalus</a> told him the existence of "beautiful islands" in southeastern Far East.<sup id="cite_ref-mrsatos_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrsatos-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Pardo_de_Tavera" title="Trinidad Pardo de Tavera">Trinidad Pardo de Tavera</a> rejected this notion on his 1910 book, <i>Notas para una cartografia de Filipinas</i> (Notes for the Philippine Cartography).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Baroussai</b>. Along with Maniolas is the <i>Baroussai</i> which was also quoted from Ptolemy. Barrousai is believed to be the <a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, thus, composing majority of the now Philippine archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars however have identified Baroussai with <a href="/wiki/Barus" title="Barus">Barus</a> in Sumatra.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ophir" title="Ophir">Ophir</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: אוֹפִיר) is a region of islands mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, most famous for its wealth. Accounts mention that <a href="/wiki/King_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="King Solomon">King Solomon</a> received the riches of the region every three years. At the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Hydrography" title="Hydrography">hydrography</a> of Spanish colonies in Asia in the early 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> Gregorio García wrote that <i>Ophir</i> was indeed located in the <a href="/wiki/Moluccas" class="mw-redirect" title="Moluccas">Moluccas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sheehan398_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheehan398-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1609, Juan de Pineda wrote a diverse collection of literature relating Biblical accounts of Solomon, Ophir and the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-sheehan398_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheehan398-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_A._Paterno" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro A. Paterno">Pedro A. Paterno</a> said in one of his works on <a href="/wiki/Conjectural" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjectural">conjectural</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a> that Ophir is the Philippines because the scented wood Solomon received from Ophir also exists in the Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This notion was however, later dismissed by modern historians as merely alluding and comparing the Philippines' position to the Spanish economy with that of Ophir to Solomon's kingdom—the sudden discovery and colonisation of the Islands bringing wealth and prosperity to the realm.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tawalisi" title="Tawalisi">Tawalisi</a></b>, was an ancient kingdom in Southeast Asia reached by explorer <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a>. He reached the kingdom when he left <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> and headed towards <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. According to the historical accounts of the explorer, he met <a href="/wiki/Urduja" title="Urduja">Urduja</a>, a legendary warrior princess from <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>. However, according to <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Scott_(historian)" title="William Henry Scott (historian)">William Henry Scott</a>, Tawilisi and its warrior-princess Urduja are "fabulous, fairy-tale, fiction".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposals_for_renaming">Proposals for renaming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Proposals for renaming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Philippine Republic</a> is when the shortened name <i>Philippines</i> began to appear a name that was officially adopted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the official naming of the country as "the Philippine Islands" under American colonial rule and even earlier as "Filipinas", etc. under Spanish colonial rule, the primary reason for the country's name-change has always been "to break away from <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A holistically government-backed name has yet to be determined,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although a pan-Malay word reflecting the nation's island identity has been proposed as more appropriate, or one related to the archipelago's pre-Hispanic excellence in sailing and boat-building.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_names">Proposed names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Proposed names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Haring Bayang Katagalugan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Tagalog_Nation#Bonifacio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Tagalog Nation">Sovereign Tagalog Nation</a>). <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a>'s suggested name for the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino nation</a>, intended to be governed by the 1896–1897 <i>Republika ng Katagalugan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic" title="Tagalog Republic">Tagalog Republic</a>), although unrecognized by non-Tagalog Filipinos. The name drew flak because of connotations of regionalism. A historian claimed that Bonifacio's usage of "Katagalugan" was not meant to demean other ethnic groups as the word itself meant "people of the river", from the word "taga-ilog", which supposed to represent the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">ocean-faring ancestors</a> of all Philippine ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was later used by <a href="/wiki/Macario_Sakay" title="Macario Sakay">Macario Sakay</a> for his 1902–1906 government that was suppressed by the Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Kapatiran</b> ("Brotherhood"), or its semi-equivalent <i><a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a></i> ("Assembly"/"Gathering").<sup id="cite_ref-asianweek_maharlika_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asianweek_maharlika-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Luzviminda</b>. A <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of the first syllables of the country's three major island groups: <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon"><b>Luz</b>on</a>; <a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas"><b>Vi</b>sayas</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao"><b>Minda</b>nao</a>. The term has sometimes been interchanged with <i>Luzvimindas</i>, due to the territorial claim of the country on eastern <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>.</li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Maharlika"></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Mahárlika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: <i>mahardhikka</i> (महर्द्धिक), "freeman"<sup id="cite_ref-philstar.com_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philstar.com-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900-1521)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (900-1521)">Pre-Hispanic Philippines</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Maharlika" title="Maharlika">mahárlika</a></i> was the common <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> term for freedmen, not for the royalty.<sup id="cite_ref-philstar.com_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philstar.com-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maharlika were the largest sector of society, and included warriors, artisans, artists, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the rulers, maharlika did not participate in politics.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, then-<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">president</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> supported a <a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Batasang Pambansa">House</a> Bill mandating the country's renaming to <i>Mahárlika</i> under military rule.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marcos claimed that <i>Mahárlika</i> was the name of the guerilla force he allegedly led during World War II. This claim would later be disproven, as testified by an Army investigation which "found no foundation" for the late dictator's claims.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddie Ilarde, who filed the bill, wrongfully<sup id="cite_ref-philstar.com1_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philstar.com1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stated that <i>Maharlika</i> connoted royalty and wrongfully translated the term as "nobly created".<sup id="cite_ref-philstar.com1_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philstar.com1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the book <i><a href="/wiki/Vocabulario_de_la_lengua_tagala" title="Vocabulario de la lengua tagala">Vocabulario de la lengua tagala</a></i>, the term translates into "<i>alipin na itinuring na malaya</i>" or "a <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slave</a> that was treated as free".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians noted that in some accounts, the term means "big phallus" or "large male genitalia".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-philstar.com1_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philstar.com1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill did not pass since the term was seen by numerous ethnic groups as "imperial in nature".<sup id="cite_ref-asianweek_maharlika_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asianweek_maharlika-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposal was revived by <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> president <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> in February 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the name was dropped a month later.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name change is still supported by the government, although a new name has yet to be determined.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Malaysia</b>. Filipino politicians also suggested adopting the name for the country. A bill in the Senate was presented in 1962 to change the name of the Philippines to Malaysia, but leaders of the nationalist movement of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">modern state</a> would adopt the name while the bill was in Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Rizalia</b>. Named after Filipino patriot <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a similar fashion to <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> being named after <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bolivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Simón Bolivar">Simón Bolivar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asianweek_maharlika_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asianweek_maharlika-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><b>República Rizalina</b> ("Rizaline Republic"). While exiled in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, former revolutionary general <a href="/wiki/Artemio_Ricarte" title="Artemio Ricarte">Artemio Ricarte</a> proposed the name and had already drafted a constitution for this attempt at a revolutionary government. The term has been pushed by many pro-Rizal Filipinos, however, the term itself is criticized by many as Rizal was not in favor of Philippine independence during the Philippine revolution against Spain as he believed that the Philippines was "not yet ready" to be separated from "mother Spain".<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, historians agree through surfaced historical documents that Rizal "believed in the supreme right of revolution" but "did not think it timely in 1896, and considered the people and the country unprepared for it."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_provincial_name_etymologies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Philippine provincial name etymologies">List of Philippine provincial name etymologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_city_name_etymologies" title="List of Philippine city name etymologies">List of Philippine city name etymologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine name">Philippine name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_alfab%C3%A9tico_de_apellidos" title="Catálogo alfabético de apellidos">Catálogo alfabético de apellidos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan de la Cruz">Juan de la Cruz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bob-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bob_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+identity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quezon.ph%2F2006%2F06%2F23%2Fnational-identity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScott1984">Scott 1984</a>, p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hirth162footnote1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hirth162footnote1_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHirthRockhill1911">Hirth & Rockhill 1911</a>, p. 162, Footnote 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHirthRockhill1911">Hirth & Rockhill 1911</a>, p. 160, Footnote 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keat798-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-keat798_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeat2004">Keat 2004</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA798">798</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKeat2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navigacion-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-navigacion_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mgar.net/var/filipina.htm">"Navegación: Exploraciones: Filipinas"</a> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navegaci%C3%B3n%3A+Exploraciones%3A+Filipinas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmgar.net%2Fvar%2Ffilipina.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mrsatos-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mrsatos_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mrsatos_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mrsatos_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mrsatos_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marsantos.tripod.com/history.htm">"Names of the Philippines at different times in history"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Names+of+the+Philippines+at+different+times+in+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarsantos.tripod.com%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuka2004">Duka 2004</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooley1830">Cooley 1830</a>, p. 244</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpate1979">Spate 1979</a>, p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609000355/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Waray%20Culture/waray_history.htm">"East Visayan History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University" title="Northern Illinois University">Northern Illinois University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Waray%20Culture/waray_history.htm">the original</a> on June 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Visayan+History&rft.pub=Northern+Illinois+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seasite.niu.edu%2FTagalog%2FWaray%2520Culture%2Fwaray_history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTope2002">Tope 2002</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ultimo-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ultimo_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ultimo_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fabulousphilippines.com/mi-ultimo-adios-jose-rizal.html">"Mi Ultimo Adiós by Dr José Rizal"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mi+Ultimo+Adi%C3%B3s+by+Dr+Jos%C3%A9+Rizal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fabulousphilippines.com%2Fmi-ultimo-adios-jose-rizal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ra8491-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ra8491_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ra8491_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1998/ra_8491_1998.html">"Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines"</a>. The LawPhil Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flag+and+Heraldic+Code+of+the+Philippines&rft.pub=The+LawPhil+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawphil.net%2Fstatutes%2Frepacts%2Fra1998%2Fra_8491_1998.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joserizal.ph/pm03.html">"The Last Poem of Rizal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jose_Rizal_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Rizal University">Jose Rizal University</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jose+Rizal+University&rft.atitle=The+Last+Poem+of+Rizal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joserizal.ph%2Fpm03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalma1912" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Palma" title="José Palma">Palma, José</a> (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adh5969.0001.001.umich.edu"><i>Melancólicas : coleccion de poesías</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>: Liberería Manila Filatélica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melanc%C3%B3licas+%3A+coleccion+de+poes%C3%ADas&rft.place=Manila%2C+Philippines&rft.pub=Liberer%C3%ADa+Manila+Filat%C3%A9lica&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Palma&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadh5969.0001.001.umich.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span> (Digital copy found online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?seq=5&view=image&size=100&id=miun.adh5969.0001.001&u=1&num=58">HathiTrust Digital Library</a> on March 31, 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MST-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MST_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarunungan1987" class="citation news cs1">Carunungan, Celso Al (December 23, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19871223&id=q2cVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6688,3529476">"What's in a Name?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Standard Today">Manila Standard Today</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+a+Name%3F&rft.date=1987-12-23&rft.aulast=Carunungan&rft.aufirst=Celso+Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1370%26dat%3D19871223%26id%3Dq2cVAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6688%2C3529476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Morga2004">de Morga 2004</a>, p. 298</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMojares2006">Mojares 2006</a>, pp. 174–175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rizal: "Ptolemy also mentions... five Baroussai (Mindanao, Leite, Sebu, etc.)." See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofthephil07001gut/7phip10.txt">https://archive.org/stream/historyofthephil07001gut/7phip10.txt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakmak2011" class="citation web cs1">Makmak (February 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://makmak-domingo.blogspot.com/2011/02/name-of-philippines.html">"domingo: Name of the Philippines"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=domingo%3A+Name+of+the+Philippines&rft.date=2011-02-10&rft.au=Makmak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmakmak-domingo.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F02%2Fname-of-philippines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._E._Gerini" class="citation journal cs1">G. E. Gerini. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/7aba5b63-ee38-4765-937c-1ea035bf1ba2.aspx">"Researches on Ptolemy's geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay archipelago)"</a>. <i>Asiatic Society Monographs</i>. <b>1909</b>. Royal Asiatic Society: 428–430.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asiatic+Society+Monographs&rft.atitle=Researches+on+Ptolemy%27s+geography+of+Eastern+Asia+%28further+India+and+Indo-Malay+archipelago%29&rft.volume=1909&rft.pages=428-430&rft.au=G.+E.+Gerini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fprintheritage%2Fdetail%2F7aba5b63-ee38-4765-937c-1ea035bf1ba2.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiksic2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_N._Miksic" title="John N. Miksic">Miksic, John N.</a> (September 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79"><i>Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300_1800</i></a>. NUS Press. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789971695743" title="Special:BookSources/9789971695743"><bdi>9789971695743</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singapore+and+the+Silk+Road+of+the+Sea%2C+1300_1800&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2013-09-30&rft.isbn=9789971695743&rft.aulast=Miksic&rft.aufirst=John+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbMt3BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sheehan398-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sheehan398_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheehan398_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheehan2008">Sheehan 2008</a>, p. 398</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMojares2006">Mojares 2006</a>, p. 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTruxillo2001">Truxillo 2001</a>, p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Henry Scott, <i>Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-10-0226-4" title="Special:BookSources/971-10-0226-4">971-10-0226-4</a>, p.83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAfactbook-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/philippines/"><i>World Factbook – Philippines</i></a>. CIA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4220-0227-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4220-0227-8"><bdi>978-1-4220-0227-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Philippines&rft.pub=CIA&rft.isbn=978-1-4220-0227-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fphilippines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-12/duterte-needs-charter-overhaul-to-change-philippines-s-name">"Duterte Wants to Rename Philippines in Break from Colonial Past"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. February 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Duterte+Wants+to+Rename+Philippines+in+Break+from+Colonial+Past&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-02-12%2Fduterte-needs-charter-overhaul-to-change-philippines-s-name&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero" class="citation web cs1">Romero, Alexis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/05/1898788/maharlika-dropped-duterte-still-wants-philippine-name-change">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Maharlika' dropped, but Duterte still wants Philippine name change"</a>. <i>Philstar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philstar.com&rft.atitle=%27Maharlika%27+dropped%2C+but+Duterte+still+wants+Philippine+name+change&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2019%2F03%2F05%2F1898788%2Fmaharlika-dropped-duterte-still-wants-philippine-name-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/asia/article/2186300/dutertes-proposal-change-philippines-name-highlights">"Would the Philippines by any other name sound as sweet?"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. February 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Would+the+Philippines+by+any+other+name+sound+as+sweet%3F&rft.date=2019-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fcomment%2Finsight-opinion%2Fasia%2Farticle%2F2186300%2Fdutertes-proposal-change-philippines-name-highlights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/13/17/should-the-philippines-be-renamed-historian-weighs-in">"Should the Philippines be renamed? Historian weighs in"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN" title="ABS-CBN">ABS-CBN News</a></i>. 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September 2, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianweek.com/2008/08/26/name-change-for-the-philippines/">the original</a> on January 29, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maharlika%3A+AsianWeek&rft.date=2008-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianweek.com%2F2008%2F08%2F26%2Fname-change-for-the-philippines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-philstar.com-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-philstar.com_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-philstar.com_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/12/1893137/historian-says-maharlika-nobility-misconception">"Historian says 'Maharlika' as nobility a misconception"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Historian+says+%27Maharlika%27+as+nobility+a+misconception&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2019%2F02%2F12%2F1893137%2Fhistorian-says-maharlika-nobility-misconception&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTan2008" class="citation book cs1">Tan, Samuel K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pw5FWmdNmj8C"><i>A History of the Philippines</i></a>. UP Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pw5FWmdNmj8C&pg=PA40&dq=maharlika+freemen">40</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-542-568-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-542-568-1"><bdi>978-971-542-568-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Philippines&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=UP+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-971-542-568-1&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Samuel+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpw5FWmdNmj8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/news/02/13/19/maharlika-means-noble-not-so-says-historian">"Maharlika means noble? 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Duterte wants to rename country in break from colonial past"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a></i>. February 12, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Goodbye+Philippines%2C+hello+%27Maharlika%27%3F+Duterte+wants+to+rename+country+in+break+from+colonial+past&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fgoodbye-philippines-hello-maharlika-duterte-wants-to-rename-country-in-break-from&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/12/1893120/palace-says-renaming-philippines-maharlika-needs-congressional-action">"Palace says renaming Philippines to 'Maharlika' needs congressional action"</a>. <i>The Philippine Star</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Palace+says+renaming+Philippines+to+%27Maharlika%27+needs+congressional+action&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2019%2F02%2F12%2F1893120%2Fpalace-says-renaming-philippines-maharlika-needs-congressional-action&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-philstar.com1-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-philstar.com1_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-philstar.com1_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-philstar.com1_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/13/1893274/from-philippines-maharlika-referendum-needed">"From Philippines to Maharlika? Referendum needed"</a>. <i>The Philippine Star</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=From+Philippines+to+Maharlika%3F+Referendum+needed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2019%2F02%2F13%2F1893274%2Ffrom-philippines-maharlika-referendum-needed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapnio2019" class="citation web cs1">Tapnio, Kevyn (February 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/the-latest-news-features/76943/mahalika-meaning-rename-philippines-a2748-20190213">"What Does "Maharlika" Actually Mean?"</a>. <i>SPOT</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/library/connections.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reviving+Malay+Connections+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.btitle=Regional+Minorities+and+Development+in+Asia&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-55130-4&rft.aulast=Sakai&rft.aufirst=Minako&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabrizain.org%2Fmalaya%2Flibrary%2Fconnections.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307142715/https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/selection-and-proclamation-of-national-heroes-and-laws-honoring-filipino-historical-figures/">"National Commission for Culture and the Arts – A Filipino people with a strong sense of nationhood and deep respect for cultural diversity"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/selection-and-proclamation-of-national-heroes-and-laws-honoring-filipino-historical-figures/">the original</a> on March 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Commission+for+Culture+and+the+Arts+%E2%80%93+A+Filipino+people+with+a+strong+sense+of+nationhood+and+deep+respect+for+cultural+diversity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fncca.gov.ph%2Fabout-culture-and-arts%2Fculture-profile%2Fselection-and-proclamation-of-national-heroes-and-laws-honoring-filipino-historical-figures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto4_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodis2008" class="citation news cs1">Rodis, Rodel (September 2, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalnation.inquirer.net/mindfeeds/mindfeeds/view/20080902-158208/Maharlika-Reconsidered">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Maharlika' Reconsidered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=%27Maharlika%27+Reconsidered&rft.date=2008-09-02&rft.aulast=Rodis&rft.aufirst=Rodel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalnation.inquirer.net%2Fmindfeeds%2Fmindfeeds%2Fview%2F20080902-158208%2FMaharlika-Reconsidered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/1667/did-rizal-favor-the-revolution-a-criticism-of-the-valenzuela-memoirs">"Did Rizal Favor the Revolution? A Criticism of the Valenzuela Memoirs"</a>. <i>The Kahimyang Project</i>. May 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kahimyang+Project&rft.atitle=Did+Rizal+Favor+the+Revolution%3F+A+Criticism+of+the+Valenzuela+Memoirs&rft.date=2014-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkahimyang.com%2Fkauswagan%2Farticles%2F1667%2Fdid-rizal-favor-the-revolution-a-criticism-of-the-valenzuela-memoirs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooley1830" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Desborough_Cooley" title="William Desborough Cooley">Cooley, William Desborough</a> (1830), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zEMSAAAAYAAJ"><i>The History of Maritime and Inland Discovery</i></a>, vol. 2, <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Maritime+and+Inland+Discovery&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Cooley&rft.aufirst=William+Desborough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzEMSAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Morga2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Morga" title="Antonio de Morga">de Morga, Antonio</a> (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iILVWGikouAC"><i>History of the Philippine Islands Vols 1 and 2</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-2427-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-2427-3"><bdi>978-1-4191-2427-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Philippine+Islands+Vols+1+and+2&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4191-2427-3&rft.aulast=de+Morga&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiILVWGikouAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-2427-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-2427-3">978-1-4191-2427-3</a>. Originally published by Antonio de Morga as <i>Sucesos de las islas Filipinas</i> in 1609, reprinted by <a href="/wiki/Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a> in 2004.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuka2004" class="citation cs2">Duka, C. (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC"><i>Philippine History</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Rex_Bookstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Rex Bookstore">Rex Bookstore</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-23-3934-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-23-3934-9"><bdi>978-971-23-3934-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippine+History&rft.pub=Rex+Bookstore&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-971-23-3934-9&rft.aulast=Duka&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgUt5v8ET4QYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-23-3934-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-23-3934-9">978-971-23-3934-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerreroEncarnacionVillegas1996" class="citation cs2">Guerrero, Milagros; Encarnacion, Emmanuel; Villegas, Ramon (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143743/http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?i=5&subcat=1">"Andres Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution"</a>, <i>Sulyap Kultura</i>, <b>1</b> (2), National Commission for Culture and the Arts, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?i=5&subcat=1">the original</a> on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sulyap+Kultura&rft.atitle=Andres+Bonifacio+and+the+1896+Revolution&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=Milagros&rft.au=Encarnacion%2C+Emmanuel&rft.au=Villegas%2C+Ramon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncca.gov.ph%2Fabout-culture-and-arts%2Farticles-on-c-n-a%2Farticle.php%3Fi%3D5%26subcat%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerreroSchumacher1998" class="citation cs2">Guerrero, Milagros; Schumacher, John (1998), <i>Reform and Revolution</i>, Kasaysayan: The History of the Filipino People, vol. 5, Asia Publishing Company Limited, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-258-228-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-258-228-6"><bdi>978-962-258-228-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reform+and+Revolution&rft.series=Kasaysayan%3A+The+History+of+the+Filipino+People&rft.pub=Asia+Publishing+Company+Limited&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-962-258-228-6&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=Milagros&rft.au=Schumacher%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalili2008" class="citation cs2">Halili, M. C. (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4wk8yqCEmJUC"><i>Struggle for Freedom</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Rex_Bookstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Rex Bookstore">Rex Bookstore</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-23-5045-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-23-5045-0"><bdi>978-971-23-5045-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Struggle+for+Freedom&rft.pub=Rex+Bookstore&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-971-23-5045-0&rft.aulast=Halili&rft.aufirst=M.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4wk8yqCEmJUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-23-5045-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-23-5045-0">978-971-23-5045-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirthRockhill1911" class="citation cs2">Hirth, Friedrich; Rockhill, W. W. (1911), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924023289345"><i>Chau Ju-Kua: His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Academy of Sciences">Imperial Academy of Sciences</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chau+Ju-Kua%3A+His+Work+on+the+Chinese+and+Arab+Trade+in+the+Twelfth+and+Thirteenth+Centuries+entitled+Chu-fan-chi&rft.pub=Imperial+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Hirth&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft.au=Rockhill%2C+W.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924023289345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOoi2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Keat_Gin_Ooi" title="Keat Gin Ooi">Ooi, Keat Gin</a> (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC"><i>Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor</i></a>, ABC-CLIO, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2"><bdi>978-1-57607-770-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+from+Angkor+Wat+to+East+Timor&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-770-2&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Keat+Gin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQKgraWbb7yoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2">978-1-57607-770-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMojares2006" class="citation cs2">Mojares, Resil B. (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=es3ks3gibHoC"><i>Brains of the Nation: Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes, and the Production of Modern Knowledge</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University_Press" title="Ateneo de Manila University Press">Ateneo de Manila University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789715504966" title="Special:BookSources/9789715504966"><bdi>9789715504966</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brains+of+the+Nation%3A+Pedro+Paterno%2C+T.H.+Pardo+de+Tavera%2C+Isabelo+de+los+Reyes%2C+and+the+Production+of+Modern+Knowledge&rft.pub=Ateneo+de+Manila+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789715504966&rft.aulast=Mojares&rft.aufirst=Resil+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Des3ks3gibHoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1994" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Scott_(historian)" title="William Henry Scott (historian)">Scott, William Henry</a> (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=15KZU-yMuisC"><i>Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society</i></a>, Ateneo University Press, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=15KZU–yMuisC&pg=PA6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4"><bdi>978-971-550-135-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barangay%3A+Sixteenth-century+Philippine+Culture+and+Society&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Ateneo+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-971-550-135-4&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D15KZU-yMuisC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4">978-971-550-135-4</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4">978-971-550-135-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1984" class="citation cs2">Scott, William Henry (1984), <i>Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History</i> (Revised ed.), New Day Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-10-0227-2" title="Special:BookSources/971-10-0227-2"><bdi>971-10-0227-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehispanic+Source+Materials+for+the+Study+of+Philippine+History&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=New+Day+Publishers&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=971-10-0227-2&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan2008" class="citation cs2">Sheehan, Kevin Joseph (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1RF6pkAem1QC"><i>Iberian Asia: The strategies of Spanish and Portuguese empire building, 1540--1700</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-109-09710-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-109-09710-8"><bdi>978-1-109-09710-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iberian+Asia%3A+The+strategies+of+Spanish+and+Portuguese+empire+building%2C+1540--1700&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-109-09710-8&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Kevin+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1RF6pkAem1QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-109-09710-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-109-09710-8">978-1-109-09710-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpate1979" class="citation cs2">Spate, O. H. Khristian (1979), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0d4OAAAAQAAJ"><i>The Spanish Lake</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780709900498" title="Special:BookSources/9780709900498"><bdi>9780709900498</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Lake&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780709900498&rft.aulast=Spate&rft.aufirst=O.+H.+Khristian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0d4OAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTope2002" class="citation book cs1">Tope, Lily Rose R.; Detch P. Nonan-Mercado (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6-BWFruOcDQC"><i>Philippines</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish Reference Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-1475-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-1475-9"><bdi>978-0-7614-1475-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippines&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Reference+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-1475-9&rft.aulast=Tope&rft.aufirst=Lily+Rose+R.&rft.au=Detch+P.+Nonan-Mercado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6-BWFruOcDQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruxillo2001" class="citation cs2">Truxillo, Charles (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vAIUk2xHTRcC"><i>By the Sword and the Cross: The Historical Evolution of the Catholic World Monarchy in Spain and the New World, 1492–1825</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31676-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31676-0"><bdi>978-0-313-31676-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+the+Sword+and+the+Cross%3A+The+Historical+Evolution+of+the+Catholic+World+Monarchy+in+Spain+and+the+New+World%2C+1492%E2%80%931825&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31676-0&rft.aulast=Truxillo&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvAIUk2xHTRcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31676-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31676-0">978-0-313-31676-0</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Name_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Name_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Asia">Name of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Afghanistan" title="Name of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Armenia" title="Name of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Iran" title="Name of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Nepal" title="Name of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Syria" title="Name of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Turkey" title="Name of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab 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Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippines_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippines_topics" title="Template talk:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippines_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Philippines" title="Archaeology of the Philippines">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Economic history of the Philippines">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Military history of the Philippines">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Political history of the Philippines">Political</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history" title="Timeline of Philippine history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Philippines" title="Prehistory of the Philippines">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%E2%80%931565)" title="History of the Philippines (900–1565)">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li>Colonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li>Postcolonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Marcos presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_of_the_Philippines" title="List of bays of the Philippines">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_the_Philippines" title="Biosphere reserves of the Philippines">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_Philippines" title="Borders of the Philippines">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Philippines" title="Climate of the Philippines">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoons_in_the_Philippines" title="Typhoons in the Philippines">Typhoons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of earthquakes in the Philippines">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoregions_in_the_Philippines" title="Ecoregions in the Philippines">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Philippines" title="Extreme points of the Philippines">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Philippines" title="List of lakes of the Philippines">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_the_Philippines" title="List of mountains in the Philippines">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="List of protected areas of the Philippines">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Philippines" title="List of national parks of the Philippines">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines">Ramsar sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Philippines" title="List of rivers of the Philippines">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_volcanoes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of active volcanoes in the Philippines">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Philippines" title="Wildlife of the Philippines">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Legal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_families_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political families in the Philippines">Political families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political parties in the Philippines">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Government" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Executive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_the_Philippines" title="List of cabinets of the Philippines">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" title="Executive departments of the Philippines">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Office of the President of the Philippines">Executive office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Legislative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Philippines" title="Judiciary of the Philippines">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_of_the_Philippines" title="Court of Appeals of the Philippines">Court of Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Trial_Court" title="Regional Trial Court">Regional Trial Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Philippines" title="Agriculture in the Philippines">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing_in_the_Philippines" title="Business process outsourcing in the Philippines">Business process outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_Philippines" title="Census in the Philippines">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labor_in_the_Philippines" title="Child labor in the Philippines">Child labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Energy in the Philippines">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_Philippines" title="Fiscal policy of the Philippines">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_Philippines" title="National debt of the Philippines">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_policy_in_the_Philippines" title="Labor policy in the Philippines">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Philippines" title="Science and technology in the Philippines">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Philippines" title="Taxation in the Philippines">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines" title="Tourism in the Philippines">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of tourist attractions in the Philippines">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_Philippines" title="Transportation in the Philippines">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Philippines" title="Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_codes_in_the_Philippines" title="ZIP codes in the Philippines">ZIP codes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Society of the Philippines">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Philippines" title="Abortion in the Philippines">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Philippines" title="Censorship in the Philippines">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Philippines" title="Corruption in the Philippines">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Philippines" title="Crime in the Philippines">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_the_Philippines" title="Divorce in the Philippines">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the Philippines">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Philippines" title="Environmental issues in the Philippines">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Philippines" title="Deforestation in the Philippines">Deforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Filipinos" title="Genetic studies on Filipinos">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Philippines" title="Health in the Philippines">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Human trafficking in the Philippines">Human trafficking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Sex trafficking in the Philippines">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Philippines" title="Immigration to the Philippines">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_Philippines" title="Income inequality in the Philippines">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_kinship" title="Philippine kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker" title="Overseas Filipino Worker">Overseas workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Philippines" title="Poverty in the Philippines">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Philippines" title="Prostitution in the Philippines">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Philippines" title="Refugees of the Philippines">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Philippines" title="Squatting in the Philippines">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Philippines" title="Women in the Philippines">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Pinoy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines" title="Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines">Cultural properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_Philippines" title="Dance in the Philippines">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines" title="Fashion and clothing in the Philippines">Fashion and clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_markers_of_the_Philippines" title="Historical markers of the Philippines">Historical markers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Filipino inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Philippines" title="Mass media in the Philippines">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Philippines" title="Public holidays in the Philippines">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of festivals in the Philippines">Festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_psychology" title="Filipino psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_Philippines" title="Sports in the Philippines">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" title="Traditional games in the Philippines">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_values" title="Filipino values">Value system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="National symbols of the Philippines">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines" title="Great Seal of the Philippines">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Sport and martial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_indicus" title="Pterocarpus indicus">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Philippines" title="Outline of the Philippines">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Philippines" title="Bibliography of the Philippines">Bibliography</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Philippines" title="Category:Philippines">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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