CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mindanao - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"85edced1-014e-45db-91a5-20917c3eca84","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mindanao","wgTitle":"Mindanao","wgCurRevisionId":1256892295,"wgRevisionId":1256892295,"wgArticleId":20546,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from October 2022","Use Philippine English from July 2020","All Wikipedia articles written in Philippine English","Articles containing Maguindanaon-language text","Articles containing Maranao-language text", "Articles containing Tausug-language text","Articles with text in Manobo languages","Articles containing Central Subanen-language text","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2020","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from December 2021","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from April 2020","Articles needing additional references from August 2020","All articles needing additional references","Articles lacking reliable references from August 2020","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2019","Articles needing additional references from September 2013", "Pages using image label with a wide image","Pages using largest cities with class","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2010","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2017","Commons category link from Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","Mindanao","Island groups of the Philippines","Islands of the Philippines"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mindanao","wgRelevantArticleId":20546,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby": true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":8,"lon":125},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q124873","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles" :"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg/1200px-Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1145"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg/800px-Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="763"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg/640px-Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="611"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mindanao - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mindanao rootpage-Mindanao skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mindanao" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mindanao" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mindanao" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mindanao" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rajahnates_and_Hindu-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rajahnates_and_Hindu-Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rajahnates and Hindu-Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rajahnates_and_Hindu-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sultanates_and_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sultanates_and_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sultanates and Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sultanates_and_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_colonization_and_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_colonization_and_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Spanish colonization and Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_colonization_and_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_occupation_and_Philippine_Commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_occupation_and_Philippine_Commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>American occupation and Philippine Commonwealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_occupation_and_Philippine_Commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_era_and_Philippine_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_era_and_Philippine_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Postwar era and Philippine independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_era_and_Philippine_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marcos_era_(1965–1986)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marcos_era_(1965–1986)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Marcos era (1965–1986)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marcos_era_(1965–1986)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Republic_(1986–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Republic_(1986–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Fifth Republic (1986–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Republic_(1986–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Upcoming_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upcoming_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Upcoming developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upcoming_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_Mindanao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_Mindanao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Largest cities and municipalities in Mindanao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_Mindanao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Mountains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plateaus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plateaus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Plateaus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plateaus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakes_and_waterfalls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes_and_waterfalls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Lakes and waterfalls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes_and_waterfalls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valleys,_rivers,_and_plains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valleys,_rivers,_and_plains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Valleys, rivers, and plains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valleys,_rivers,_and_plains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ethnicity and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_annual_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_annual_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Major annual events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_annual_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindanao</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 92 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88" title="مينداناو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مينداناو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="মিন্দানাও – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিন্দানাও" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE_(%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83)" title="Минданао (утрау) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Минданао (утрау)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Мінданаа (востраў) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мінданаа (востраў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Мінданао (востраў) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мінданао (востраў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Минданао – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Минданао" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE_(%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2)" title="Минданао (утрав) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Минданао (утрав)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BF" title="Μιντανάο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μιντανάο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="میندانائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میندانائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EB%8B%A4%EB%82%98%EC%98%A4%EC%84%AC" title="민다나오섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="민다나오섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B8" title="Մինդանաո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մինդանաո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93" title="मिन्दनाओ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिन्दनाओ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Минданао – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Минданао" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95" title="מינדנאו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מינדנאו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="მინდანაო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მინდანაო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Минданао – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Минданао" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Минданао – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Минданао" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Минданао – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Минданао" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanaum" title="Mindanaum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mindanaum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Минданао – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Минданао" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B" title="മിന്ദനാവോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിന്ദനാവോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="მინდანაო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მინდანაო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AA%E5%B3%B6" title="ミンダナオ島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミンダナオ島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="مینڈاناؤ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مینڈاناؤ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C" title="កោះមីនដាណាវ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កោះមីនដាណាវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanau" title="Mindanau – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mindanau" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Минданао (остров) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Минданао (остров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Минданао – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Минданао" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Минданао – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Минданао" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B" title="மிண்டனாவோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மிண்டனாவோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Минданао – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Минданао" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="เกาะมินดาเนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกาะมินดาเนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Мінданао (острів) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мінданао (острів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="مینداناؤ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مینداناؤ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mindanao" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E5%85%B0%E8%80%81%E5%B2%9B" title="棉兰老岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="棉兰老岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%98%AD%E8%80%81%E5%B3%B6" title="棉蘭老島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="棉蘭老島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E5%85%B0%E8%80%81%E5%B2%9B" title="棉兰老岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="棉兰老岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124873#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mindanao" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mindanao"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mindanao"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Mindanao" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Mindanao" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&oldid=1256892295" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Mindanao&id=1256892295&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMindanao"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMindanao"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mindanao&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mindanao" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Mindanao" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mindanao" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124873" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mindanao&params=8_00_N_125_00_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">125°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.000°N 125.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.000; 125.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island in the Philippines</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the river, see <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao" title="Rio Grande de Mindanao">Rio Grande de Mindanao</a>. For the 2019 film, see <a href="/wiki/Mindanao_(film)" title="Mindanao (film)">Mindanao (film)</a>. For the old sultanate, see <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Sultanate of Maguindanao</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mindanao_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mindanao (disambiguation)">Mindanao (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mindanao</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-native">Native name: <div class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Maguindanaon-language text"><i lang="mdh">Pulu nu Mindanaw</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Maguindanaon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maguindanaon language">Maguindanaon</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Maranao-language text"><i lang="mrw">Polo o Mindanao</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Tausug-language text"><i lang="tsg">Pu sin Mindanaw</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Manobo languages collective text"><i lang="mno">Pu'yù to Mindanao</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Manobo_languages" title="Manobo languages">Manobo languages</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Central Subanen-language text"><i lang="syb">Pulu' ni Mindanaw</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Central_Subanen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Subanen language">Central Subanen</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg/260px-Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg/390px-Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg/520px-Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5596" data-file-height="5339" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Composite satellite image of Mindanao captured by <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> in 2019</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippines_relief_location_map_(square).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mindanao is located in Philippines"><img alt="Mindanao is located in Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Philippines_relief_location_map_%28square%29.svg/260px-Philippines_relief_location_map_%28square%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Philippines_relief_location_map_%28square%29.svg/390px-Philippines_relief_location_map_%28square%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Philippines_relief_location_map_%28square%29.svg/520px-Philippines_relief_location_map_%28square%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="1332" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.107%;left:63.953%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mindanao"><img alt="Mindanao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Mindanao</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the Philippines</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mindanao&params=8_00_N_125_00_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">125°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.000°N 125.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.000; 125.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Philippine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine">Philippine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Adjacent to</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surigao_Strait" title="Surigao Strait">Surigao Strait</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major islands</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b>Mindanao</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jolo" title="Jolo">Jolo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi_Island" title="Tawi-Tawi Island">Tawi-Tawi</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bucas_Grande" title="Bucas Grande">Bucas Grande</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Island" title="Dinagat Island">Dinagat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Siargao" title="Siargao">Siargao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Samal_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Samal Island">Samal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">97,530 km<sup>2</sup> (37,660 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-unep_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unep-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">Area rank</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19th</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">2,954 m (9692 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Apo" title="Mount Apo">Mount Apo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Region 9 – Zamboanga Peninsula</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Region 10 – Northern Mindanao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Region 11 – Davao Region</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Region 12 – Soccsksargen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Region 13 – Caraga Region</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsamoro Autonomous Region">Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Provinces</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro">Davao de Oro</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental">Davao Occidental</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Outlying island provinces <div><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a></i></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a> (pop. 1,776,949)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demonym</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Mindanaoan</li><li>Mindanawon</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">27,021,036 (2021) (Mindanao island group) <sup id="cite_ref-NSO_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">243/km<sup>2</sup> (629/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Visayan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Visayan people">Visayan</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Cebuano_people" title="Cebuano people">Cebuano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_people" title="Hiligaynon people">Hiligaynon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boholano_people" title="Boholano people">Boholano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_people" title="Surigaonon people">Surigaonon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_people" title="Butuanon people">Butuanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Davaoe%C3%B1o_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Davaoeño people">Davaoeño</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waray_people" title="Waray people">Waray</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karay-a_people" title="Karay-a people">Karay-a</a>)</li></ul></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Banguingui_people" title="Banguingui people">Banguingui</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_people" title="Iranun people">Iranun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_people" title="Maguindanao people">Maguindanao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_people" title="Maranao people">Maranao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tausug people">Tausug</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama-Bajau peoples">Sama-Bajau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sangirese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangirese people">Sangirese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yakan_people" title="Yakan people">Yakan</a>)</li></ul></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lumad_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumad peoples">Lumad</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Blaan_people" title="Blaan people">Blaan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lumad_peoples#Bukidnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumad peoples">Bukidnon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Subanon_people" title="Subanon people">Subanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kamayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamayo">Kamayo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_Manobo_language" title="Cotabato Manobo language">Manobo/Bagobo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lumad_peoples#Mandaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumad peoples">Mandaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lumad_peoples#Mansaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumad peoples">Mansaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tasaday" title="Tasaday">Tasaday</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tboli_people" title="Tboli people">Tboli</a> )</li></ul></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lumad_peoples#Mamanwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumad peoples">Mamanwa</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zamboangue%C3%B1o_people" title="Zamboangueño people">Zamboangueño / Zamboangueño Chavacano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mindanao</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/28\/En-ca-Mindanao.oga\/En-ca-Mindanao.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-ca-Mindanao.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/En-ca-Mindanao.oga/En-ca-Mindanao.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-ca-Mindanao.oga" title="File:En-ca-Mindanao.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MIN</span>-də-<span style="font-size:90%">NOW</span></i></a>) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">second-largest island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">seventh-most populous island in the world.</a> Located in the southern region of the <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a>, the island is part of an island group of the same name that also includes its adjacent islands, notably the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago" title="Sulu Archipelago">Sulu Archipelago</a>. According to the 2020 census, Mindanao had a population of 26,252,442, while the entire island group had an estimated population of 27,021,036. </p><p>Mindanao is divided into six administrative regions: the <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga</a> region, the <a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a>, and the autonomous region of <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a>. According to the 2020 census, <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a> is the most populous city on the island, with 1,776,949 people, followed by <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a> (pop. 977,234), <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a> (pop. 728,402), <a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos</a> (pop. 697,315), <a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a> (pop. 372,910), <a href="/wiki/Iligan" title="Iligan">Iligan</a> (pop. 363,115) and <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a> (pop. 325,079).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 70% of residents identify as Christian and 24% as Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title=" (December 2020)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> Mindanao is considered the major <a href="/wiki/Breadbasket" title="Breadbasket">breadbasket</a> of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-investvine_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-investvine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Mindanao</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Language_change" title="Language change">variation</a> of the name of the <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_people" title="Maguindanao people">Maguindanao people</a>, the dominant ruling ethnic group in the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Sultanate of Maguindanao</a> in southwestern Mindanao during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_period_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish colonial period of the Philippines">Spanish colonial period</a>. The name itself means "people of the lake", although it is usually translated to "people of the <a href="/wiki/Flood_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood plain">flood plains</a>" in modern sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filippine,_provincia_di_agusan,_immagine_hindu,_statuetta_in_oro_massiccio,_xiii_secolo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Filippine%2C_provincia_di_agusan%2C_immagine_hindu%2C_statuetta_in_oro_massiccio%2C_xiii_secolo.jpg/220px-Filippine%2C_provincia_di_agusan%2C_immagine_hindu%2C_statuetta_in_oro_massiccio%2C_xiii_secolo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Filippine%2C_provincia_di_agusan%2C_immagine_hindu%2C_statuetta_in_oro_massiccio%2C_xiii_secolo.jpg/330px-Filippine%2C_provincia_di_agusan%2C_immagine_hindu%2C_statuetta_in_oro_massiccio%2C_xiii_secolo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Filippine%2C_provincia_di_agusan%2C_immagine_hindu%2C_statuetta_in_oro_massiccio%2C_xiii_secolo.jpg/440px-Filippine%2C_provincia_di_agusan%2C_immagine_hindu%2C_statuetta_in_oro_massiccio%2C_xiii_secolo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>The 21-karat gold <a href="/wiki/Agusan_image" title="Agusan image">Agusan image</a> statue (900–950 CE) discovered in 1917 on the banks of the Wawa River near <a href="/wiki/Esperanza,_Agusan_del_Sur" title="Esperanza, Agusan del Sur">Esperanza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krieger_1926_Philippine_ethnic_weapons_Plate_20.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Krieger_1926_Philippine_ethnic_weapons_Plate_20.png/220px-Krieger_1926_Philippine_ethnic_weapons_Plate_20.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Krieger_1926_Philippine_ethnic_weapons_Plate_20.png/330px-Krieger_1926_Philippine_ethnic_weapons_Plate_20.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Krieger_1926_Philippine_ethnic_weapons_Plate_20.png/440px-Krieger_1926_Philippine_ethnic_weapons_Plate_20.png 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>A 1926 photograph of Bagobo (Manobo) warriors</figcaption></figure> <p>Archaeological findings on the island point to evidence of human activity dating back about ten thousand years. Around 1500 BC, <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian people</a> spread throughout the Philippines. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Subanen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Subanen people">Subanon</a> are believed to have settled in the <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> era c. 4500–2000 BC.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Subanon_History_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subanon_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Evidence of stone tools in <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a> may indicate a late <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> presence. Ceramic burial jars, both unglazed and glazed, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Celadon" title="Celadon">celadons</a>, gold ornaments, beads, and bracelets have been found in caves. Many of the ceramic objects are from the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> periods. Evidently, there was a long history of trade between the Subanon and the Chinese. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rajahnates_and_Hindu-Buddhism">Rajahnates and Hindu-Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rajahnates and Hindu-Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_map_of_Mindanao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Spanish_map_of_Mindanao.jpg/220px-Spanish_map_of_Mindanao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Spanish_map_of_Mindanao.jpg/330px-Spanish_map_of_Mindanao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Spanish_map_of_Mindanao.jpg/440px-Spanish_map_of_Mindanao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>An old Spanish map of Mindanao island.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%E2%80%931521)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (900–1521)">classic epoch</a> of Philippine history (900 AD onwards), the people of Mindanao were heavily exposed to <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> influence and beliefs from Indonesia and Malaysia. Indianized <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> scripts such as <a href="/wiki/Kawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi alphabet">Kawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">baybayin</a> were introduced from Java and an extinct intermediate from Sulawesi or Borneo respectively. Cultural icons of the <a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">sarong</a> (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Malong" title="Malong">malong</a></i> or <i>patadyong</i>), the <i>pudong</i> <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">ikat</a> weaving and dyeing methods were introduced. Artifacts found from this era include a golden <a href="/wiki/Kinnara" title="Kinnara">kinnara</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Agusan_image" title="Agusan image">golden image believed by some to be a Tara</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> pendant. These cultural traits passed from Mindanao into the <a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, but were subsequently lost or heavily modified after the Spanish arrival in the 16th century. </p><p>Hindu-Buddhist cultural influence took root in the coastal settlements, syncretizing with indigenous <a href="/wiki/Animist" class="mw-redirect" title="Animist">animist</a> beliefs and customs among the tribes of the interior. The <a href="/wiki/Rajahnate_of_Butuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajahnate of Butuan">Butuan Rajahnate</a>, a Hinduized kingdom mentioned in Chinese records as a tributary state in the 10th century, was concentrated along the northeastern coast of <a href="/wiki/Butuan_Bay" title="Butuan Bay">Butuan Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-slate_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (April 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> The Rajahnate of <a href="/wiki/Sanmalan" title="Sanmalan">Sanmalan</a> in Zamboanga, was also in Mindanao. The <i><a href="/wiki/Darangen" title="Darangen">Darangen</a></i> epic of the Maranao people harkens back to this era as the most complete local version of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>. The Maguindanao at this time also had strong Hindu beliefs, evidenced by the Ladya Lawana (Rajah <a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a>) epic saga that survives to the present, albeit highly Islamized from the 17th century onward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sultanates_and_Islam">Sultanates and Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sultanates and Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mindanao" title="Special:EditPage/Mindanao">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moro_Sultanates_(Philippines).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Moro_Sultanates_%28Philippines%29.png/220px-Moro_Sultanates_%28Philippines%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Moro_Sultanates_%28Philippines%29.png/330px-Moro_Sultanates_%28Philippines%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Moro_Sultanates_%28Philippines%29.png/440px-Moro_Sultanates_%28Philippines%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1539" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption>Approximate historical extent of the Muslim sultanates of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a> and Lanao in the 19th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The spread of Islam in the Philippines began in the 14th century, mostly through the influence of Muslim merchants from the western <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> in the Philippines was built in the mid-14th century in the town of <a href="/wiki/Simunul" title="Simunul">Simunul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-slate_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the 16th century, the Muslim sultanates of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_Lanao" title="Confederate States of Lanao">Lanao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a> were established from formerly Hindu-Buddhist rajahnates. </p><p>As Islam colonised Mindanao, the natives of the sultanates had to either convert to Islam or pay tribute to their new Muslim rulers. The largest of the Muslim polities in mainland Mindanao was the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Sultanate of Maguindanao</a>, which controlled the southern floodplains of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao" title="Rio Grande de Mindanao">Rio Grande de Mindanao</a> and most of the coastal area of <a href="/wiki/Illana_Bay" title="Illana Bay">Illana Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moro_Gulf" title="Moro Gulf">Moro Gulf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarangani_Bay" title="Sarangani Bay">Sarangani Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Davao_Gulf" title="Davao Gulf">Davao Gulf</a>. The name Mindanao was derived from this sultanate. But most of Mindanao remained animist, especially the <a href="/wiki/Lumad_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumad people">Lumad people</a> in the interior. Most of the northern, eastern, and southern coastal regions inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_people" title="Surigaonon people">Surigaonon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Butuanon_people" title="Butuanon people">Butuanon</a>) and other groups were later converted to Christianity by the Spanish. Mindanao was then embroiled between a conflict with the Boholano (Visayan) <a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan Kingdom</a> and the Moluccan <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate">Sultanate of Ternate</a>. Dapitan which was originally at Bohol was destroyed by an expeditionary force from the Ternate Sultanate and Dapitenyos were forced to relocate to Northern Mindanao where they waged war against the Sultanate of Lanao and established a new Dapitan there.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mindanaoans then spread out of Mindanao across Southeast Asia, Historian William Henry Scott, quoting the Portuguese manuscript Summa Orientalis, noted that <a href="/wiki/Mottama" title="Mottama">Mottama</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> (Myanmar) had a large presence of merchants from Mindanao.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_colonization_and_Christianity">Spanish colonization and Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spanish colonization and Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Filipinos_under_Spanish_army_in_Mindanao_in_their_battle_against_the_Moro_Muslim,_circa_1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Christian_Filipinos_under_Spanish_army_in_Mindanao_in_their_battle_against_the_Moro_Muslim%2C_circa_1887.jpg/220px-Christian_Filipinos_under_Spanish_army_in_Mindanao_in_their_battle_against_the_Moro_Muslim%2C_circa_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Christian_Filipinos_under_Spanish_army_in_Mindanao_in_their_battle_against_the_Moro_Muslim%2C_circa_1887.jpg/330px-Christian_Filipinos_under_Spanish_army_in_Mindanao_in_their_battle_against_the_Moro_Muslim%2C_circa_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Christian_Filipinos_under_Spanish_army_in_Mindanao_in_their_battle_against_the_Moro_Muslim%2C_circa_1887.jpg/440px-Christian_Filipinos_under_Spanish_army_in_Mindanao_in_their_battle_against_the_Moro_Muslim%2C_circa_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Philippines" title="Christianity in the Philippines">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a>, who served under the Spanish Army, searching for <a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro</a> rebels during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a>, c. 1887. The insurgency in Mindanao can be traced to the early 16th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Spanish_missionaries_baptise_a_Moro_convert_to_Roman_Catholic,_circa_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Two_Spanish_missionaries_baptise_a_Moro_convert_to_Roman_Catholic%2C_circa_1890.jpg/220px-Two_Spanish_missionaries_baptise_a_Moro_convert_to_Roman_Catholic%2C_circa_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Two_Spanish_missionaries_baptise_a_Moro_convert_to_Roman_Catholic%2C_circa_1890.jpg/330px-Two_Spanish_missionaries_baptise_a_Moro_convert_to_Roman_Catholic%2C_circa_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Two_Spanish_missionaries_baptise_a_Moro_convert_to_Roman_Catholic%2C_circa_1890.jpg/440px-Two_Spanish_missionaries_baptise_a_Moro_convert_to_Roman_Catholic%2C_circa_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption>Two Spanish missionaries <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptizing</a> a Moro convert to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, circa 1890.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1521 Antonio Pigafetta wrote an account of reaching 'Maingdano.' He was with Magellan on the first circumnavigation of the globe and sailing for the king of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 2, 1543, <a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a> was the first Spaniard to reach Mindanao.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He called the island <i>"Caesarea Caroli"</i> after Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (and I of Spain). Shortly after Spain's colonization of Cebu, it moved on to colonize the <a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga</a> region in northeast Mindanao and discovered significant Muslim presence on the island. Over time a number of tribes in Mindanao converted to Catholicism and built settlements and forts throughout the coastal regions. These settlements endured despite attacks from neighboring Muslim sultanates. The most heavily fortified of them, apart from a short period in 1662 when Spain sent soldiers from the city to Manila after a threat of invasion from the Chinese general <a href="/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Koxinga</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag relies on an unreliable source. (August 2020)">unreliable source</span></a></i>]</sup> which was settled by soldiers from Peru and Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-Peru_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peru-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sultanates resisted Spanish pressure and attempts to convert them to Christianity during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate">Sultanate of Ternate</a> of the Maluku Islands formed a close alliance with the sultanates of Mindanao, especially <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ternate regularly sent military reinforcements to Mindanao to assist the local sultanates in their war against Spanish-controlled Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-GuerreroNakpil2003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuerreroNakpil2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the late 18th century Spain had geographic dominance over the island, having established settlements and forts in most of Mindanao, including <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Iligan" title="Iligan">Iligan City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Camiguin#Spanish_colonial_era" title="Camiguin">Camiguin Island</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Surigao_City" title="Surigao City">Surigao</a> and Agusan in the <a href="/wiki/Caraga#History" title="Caraga">Caraga</a> region to the east, and <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao</a> in the island's gulf coast. Spain continued to engage in battles with Muslim sultanates until the end of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time as the Philippine revolution against Spain, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Zamboanga" title="Republic of Zamboanga">Republic of Zamboanga</a> rose as a revolutionary state in Mindanao before it was absorbed by the oncoming Americans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_occupation_and_Philippine_Commonwealth">American occupation and Philippine Commonwealth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: American occupation and Philippine Commonwealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Moro_Rebellion" title="Moro Rebellion">Moro Rebellion</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_in_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Paris in 1898">Treaty of Paris in 1898</a> Spain sold the entire Philippine archipelago to the United States for $20 million. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Washington_(1900)" title="Treaty of Washington (1900)">1900 Treaty of Washington</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Convention_Between_the_United_States_and_Great_Britain_(1930)" title="Convention Between the United States and Great Britain (1930)">1930 Convention Between the United States and Great Britain</a> clarified the borders between Mindanao and Borneo. </p><p>In early 1900s the Commonwealth government (led by Americans) encouraged citizens from Luzon and Visayas to migrate to Mindanao. Consisting mostly of Ilocanos, Cebuanos, and Ilonggos. Settlers streaming into <a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a> led to the displacement of the <a href="/wiki/Blaan_people" title="Blaan people">Blaan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tboli_people" title="Tboli people">Tboli</a> tribes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1942 Mindanao, along with the rest of the Philippines, officially entered <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> after <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> soldiers invaded key cities in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many towns and cities were burned to the ground in Mindanao, most notably Davao City, Zamboanga City, Lanao, Cagayan de Oro, Iligan City, and Butuan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the months of April and May 1942, Japanese forces defeated US troops commanded by <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharp" title="William F. Sharp">William F. Sharp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fort" title="Guy Fort">Guy Fort</a>, in a battle that started at <a href="/wiki/Malabang,_Lanao_del_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabang, Lanao del Sur">Malabang</a> (a town close to <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Gandamatu Macadar, Lanao</a>) and ended close to the town of <a href="/wiki/Ganassi,_Lanao_del_Sur" title="Ganassi, Lanao del Sur">Ganassi, Lanao</a>. Davao City was among the earliest to be occupied by the invading Japanese forces. They immediately fortified the city as a bastion of the Japanese defense system.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Davao City was subjected by the returning forces of Gen. <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> to constant bombing before the American Liberation Forces landed in <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a> in October 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Filipino soldiers and local <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Fertig" title="Wendell Fertig">guerrilla</a> fighters were actively fighting Japanese forces until liberation at the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mindanao" title="Battle of Mindanao">Battle of Mindanao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_era_and_Philippine_independence">Postwar era and Philippine independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Postwar era and Philippine independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mindanao was peaceful and increasingly progressive in the postwar period, including the 1950s and the mid-1960s. Ethnic tensions were minimal, and there was essentially no presence of secessionists groups in Mindanao.<sup id="cite_ref-MiclatinArguillas_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiclatinArguillas-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marcos_era_(1965–1986)"><span id="Marcos_era_.281965.E2.80.931986.29"></span>Marcos era (1965–1986)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Marcos era (1965–1986)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilaga" title="Ilaga">Ilaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jabidah_massacre" title="Jabidah massacre">Jabidah massacre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>'s administration, Christian groups began to settle in Mindanao, displacing many locals. The population boom resulted in conflicts as the original owners sought their ancestral land domains.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos administration</a> encouraged new settlers who had emigrated to Mindanao to form a militia, which was eventually called the <a href="/wiki/Ilaga" title="Ilaga">Ilaga</a>. Anecdotal evidence states that the Ilaga often committed human rights abuses by targeting the <a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a> people, as well as attempting to seize additional territory. It resulted in a lingering animosity between Moro and Christian communities. Mistrust and a cycle of violence are still felt today due to the creation of the Ilaga.<sup id="cite_ref-Case_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Case-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mackerras_2003_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackerras_2003-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jabidah_massacre" title="Jabidah massacre">Jabidah massacre</a> in 1968 is commonly cited as the major flashpoint that ignited the Moro insurgency, and the ensuing ethnic tensions led to the formation of secessionist movements,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Independence_Movement" title="Muslim Independence Movement">Muslim Independence Movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro_Liberation_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsamoro Liberation Organization">Bangsamoro Liberation Organization</a>. These movements were largely political in nature, but the prohibition of political parties after Marcos' 1972 declaration of Martial Law led to the founding and dominance of armed groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a> (MNLF), and the <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> (MILF).<sup id="cite_ref-Mackerras_2003_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackerras_2003-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethnic conflicts continued to escalate, leading to incidents like the <a href="/wiki/Manili_massacre" title="Manili massacre">1971 Manili massacre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pata_Island_massacre" title="Pata Island massacre">Pata Island massacre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Palimbang_massacre" title="Palimbang massacre">Palimbang massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackerras_2003_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackerras_2003-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, an economic crisis in late 1969 led to social unrest throughout the country, and violent crackdowns on protests led to the radicalization of many students,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some joining the <a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army" title="New People's Army">New People's Army</a>, bringing the <a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a> to Mindanao for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-MiclatinArguillas_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiclatinArguillas-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marcos' declaration led to the shuttering of press outlets – television stations, national newspapers, weekly magazines, community newspapers, and radio stations – throughout the country, including in Mindanao.<sup id="cite_ref-GazetteMLInfographic_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GazetteMLInfographic-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining years of the Marcos dictatorship led to the killings of many Mindanao journalists, with prominent examples being <a href="/wiki/Alex_Orcullo" title="Alex Orcullo">Alex Orcullo</a> of <i>Mindanao Currents</i> and <i>Mindaweek</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-BantayogProfileOrcullo_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BantayogProfileOrcullo-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HowieSeverino20170225_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HowieSeverino20170225-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jacobo_Amatong" title="Jacobo Amatong">Jacobo Amatong</a> of the <i>Mindanao Observer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BantayogProfileAmatong_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BantayogProfileAmatong-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maslog1993_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslog1993-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_Republic_(1986–present)"><span id="Fifth_Republic_.281986.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Fifth Republic (1986–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fifth Republic (1986–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a> (ARMM) was established, constituted by several provinces in Western Mindanao. </p><p>In March 2000, President <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> declared an "All Out War" against the MILF after it committed a series of terrorist attacks on government buildings, civilians, and foreigners. A number of livelihood intervention projects, from organisations such as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a> and the Emergency Livelihood Assistance Program (ELAP), aided in the reconstruction of areas affected by constant battles on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2009, President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> officially placed <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a> under a state of martial law following the <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_massacre" title="Maguindanao massacre">Maguindanao massacre</a>. </p><p>On September 9, 2013, an <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City_crisis" title="Zamboanga City crisis">MNLF faction attempted to raise the flag</a> of a self-proclaimed Bangsamoro Republik at <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City_Hall" title="Zamboanga City Hall">Zamboanga City Hall</a> in an armed incursion into parts of the city. </p><p>On January 25, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Mamasapano_clash" title="Mamasapano clash">a shootout took place</a> during a police operation by the Special Action Force (SAF) of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in Tukanalipao, Mamasapano, Maguindanao. The operation, codenamed Oplan Exodus, was intended to capture or kill wanted Malaysian terrorist and bomb-maker Zulkifli Abdhir and other Malaysian terrorists or high-ranking members of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lanao_sultans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lanao_sultans.jpg/220px-Lanao_sultans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lanao_sultans.jpg/330px-Lanao_sultans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lanao_sultans.jpg/440px-Lanao_sultans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Lanao sultans making an open letter to Duterte urging for the quick resolution of the Marawi crisis</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 2017, President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> declared martial law on the entire island group of Mindanao following the <a href="/wiki/Marawi_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Marawi crisis">Marawi siege</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Maute_group" title="Maute group">Maute</a> terrorist group.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 180,000 people were forced to evacuate <a href="/wiki/Marawi" title="Marawi">Marawi City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 165 security forces and 47 residents were confirmed killed in the battle, although Marawi residents believe the number of civilians killed was far higher. The official death toll in the five-month conflict is 1,109, most of which were members of a militant alliance which drew fighters from radical factions of domestic Islamist groups.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro_Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a> was established, replacing the former ARMM. </p><p>In 2024, former President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> called for Mindanao to secede from the Philippines,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reviving the movement started by congressman <a href="/wiki/Pantaleon_Alvarez" title="Pantaleon Alvarez">Pantaleon Alvarez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Economy of the Philippines</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mindanao" title="Special:EditPage/Mindanao">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg/220px-CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg/330px-CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg/440px-CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3810" data-file-height="1776" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a> skyline in 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Mindanao's economy accounts for 14% of the country's gross domestic product. The region grew 4.9% in 2016 against Luzon's 5.5% and Visayas' 9.1%. </p><p>Agriculture, forestry and fishing make up more than 40% of Mindanao's market, being the country's largest supplier of major crops such as pineapples and bananas.<sup id="cite_ref-Mindanao_fold_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindanao_fold-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is one defined growth corridor in the island, namely <a href="/wiki/Metro_Davao" title="Metro Davao">Metro Davao</a>. Other growth centers are: Cagayan de Oro, General Santos, Zamboanga City, Cotabato City, and Pagadian City.<sup id="cite_ref-Mindanao_fold_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindanao_fold-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Being the top-performing economy in Mindanao, <a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a> has the 5th-biggest economy in the country and the second-fastest-growing economy next to Cordillera Autonomous Region.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the region's economy is predominantly agri-based, it is now developing into a center for agro-industrial business, trade and tourism. Its competitive advantage is in agri-industry as its products, papayas, mangoes, bananas, pineapples, fresh asparagus, flowers, and fish products are exported internationally. The region can be a vital link to markets in other parts of Mindanao, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei Darussalam</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There is also a growing call center sector in the region, mostly centered in <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upcoming_developments">Upcoming developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Upcoming developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some 2,130 government-led infrastructure projects worth P547.9 billion have also been lined up for Mindanao until 2022. </p><p>NEDA official said that 68% of that budget will be allotted for the transportation sector, while 16% will go to water resources, and 6% to social infrastructure. </p><p>Of this amount, 18 infrastructure projects have been identified as "flagship projects," five of them have already been approved by President Rodrigo Duterte. </p><p>The projects include the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>35.26 billion Tagum-Davao-Digos Segment of the <a href="/wiki/Mindanao_Railway" title="Mindanao Railway">Mindanao Railway</a>, the ₱40.57 billion Davao airport, the ₱14.62 billion Laguindingan airport, the ₱4.86 billion Panguil Bay Bridge Project, and the ₱5.44 billion Malitubog-Maridagao Irrigation Project, Phase II. </p><p>Projects in the pipeline are the second and third phases of the Mindanao Railway; the Agus-Pulangi plant rehabilitation; the Davao expressway; the Zamboanga Fish Port Complex rehabilitation; the Balo-i Plains Flood Control Project; Asbang Small Reservoir Irrigation Project; the Ambal Simuay Sub-Basin of the Mindanao River Basin Flood Control and River Protection Project; as well as the Road Network Development Project in Conflict-Affected Areas in Mindanao project.<sup id="cite_ref-Mindanao_fold_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindanao_fold-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Mindanao" class="mw-redirect" title="Political divisions of Mindanao">Political divisions of Mindanao</a></div> <p>The island consists of six <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">administrative regions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 23 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">provinces</a>, and 30 <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">cities</a> (28 provinces and 33 cities if <a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">associated islands</a> are included). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> is not part of any region after the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a> declared its inclusion in Bangsamoro unconsitutional as the majority of its residents voted against it during the <a href="/wiki/2019_Bangsamoro_autonomy_plebiscite" title="2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite">2019 plebiscite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r978608244">.mw-parser-output .toptextcells tr{vertical-align:top}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable toptextcells" style="margin:auto;text-align:center;width:100%;font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle;"> <th scope="col">Location </th> <th scope="col">Region<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(designation)</span> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Population and national share (as of 2020)">Population</abbr><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2020)</span><sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–d_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–d-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Area<sup id="cite_ref-Area_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PSA-NSCB-ProvinceList_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA-NSCB-ProvinceList-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PSA-CitiesList_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA-CitiesList-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Density </th> <th scope="col">Regional<br />center<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(capital region)</span> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:14em;text-align:left;" data-sort-type="number"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_primary_local_government_units_of_the_Philippines" title="List of primary local government units of the Philippines">Component LGUs</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FDFDFD; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <span style="font-size:85%;">Province</span></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FDFDFD; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i><span style="font-weight:normal;">Independent city</span></i></span></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FDFDFD; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> <span style="font-weight:normal;">∗</span> </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Associated island</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Islands_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islands-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;" data-sort-value="1"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_fil_zamboanga_peninsula.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Philippines highlighting the Zamboanga Peninsula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ph_fil_zamboanga_peninsula.png/110px-Ph_fil_zamboanga_peninsula.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ph_fil_zamboanga_peninsula.png/165px-Ph_fil_zamboanga_peninsula.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ph_fil_zamboanga_peninsula.png/220px-Ph_fil_zamboanga_peninsula.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga<br />Peninsula</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Region IX)</span> </td> <td>3,875,376<br />(<i><span data-sort-value="7000312505878367648♠" style="display:none"></span>3.1%</i>) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7010170567300000000♠"></span>17,056.73 km<sup>2</sup><br />(6,585.64 sq mi) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996199999999999999♠"></span>200/km<sup>2</sup><br />(520/sq mi) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pagadian_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagadian City">Pagadian City</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;background-color:#F5F5F5;"><div>5</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align:left;font-size:90%;line-height:1.20em;white-space:nowrap;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Isabela,_Basilan" title="Isabela, Basilan">Isabela City</a></i>*<sup id="cite_ref-cc_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cc-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-huc_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huc-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a></b></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;" data-sort-value="2"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_fil_northern_mindanao.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Philippines highlighting Northern Mindanao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ph_fil_northern_mindanao.png/110px-Ph_fil_northern_mindanao.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ph_fil_northern_mindanao.png/165px-Ph_fil_northern_mindanao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ph_fil_northern_mindanao.png/220px-Ph_fil_northern_mindanao.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern<br />Mindanao</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Region X)</span> </td> <td>5,022,768<br />(<i><span data-sort-value="7000460663901179864♠" style="display:none"></span>4.6%</i>) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7010204960200000000♠"></span>20,496.02 km<sup>2</sup><br />(7,913.56 sq mi) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996250000000000000♠"></span>250/km<sup>2</sup><br />(650/sq mi) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;background-color:#F5F5F5;"><div>7</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align:left;font-size:90%;line-height:1.20em;white-space:nowrap;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-huc_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huc-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a></b>*</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Iligan" title="Iligan">Iligan</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-huc_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huc-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a></b></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;" data-sort-value="6"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_fil_davao_region.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Philippines highlighting Davao Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ph_fil_davao_region.png/110px-Ph_fil_davao_region.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ph_fil_davao_region.png/165px-Ph_fil_davao_region.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ph_fil_davao_region.png/220px-Ph_fil_davao_region.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Region XI)</span> </td> <td>5,243,536<br />(<i><span data-sort-value="7000480911670564331♠" style="display:none"></span>4.8%</i>) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7010203574200000000♠"></span>20,357.42 km<sup>2</sup><br />(7,860.04 sq mi) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996259999999999999♠"></span>260/km<sup>2</sup><br />(670/sq mi) </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a></b> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;background-color:#F5F5F5;"><div>6</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align:left;font-size:90%;line-height:1.20em;white-space:nowrap;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro">Davao de Oro</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-huc_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huc-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental">Davao Occidental</a></b></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;" data-sort-value="5"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_fil_soccsksargen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Philippines highlighting Soccsksargen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ph_fil_soccsksargen.png/110px-Ph_fil_soccsksargen.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ph_fil_soccsksargen.png/165px-Ph_fil_soccsksargen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ph_fil_soccsksargen.png/220px-Ph_fil_soccsksargen.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Region XII)</span> </td> <td>4,360,974<br />(<i><span data-sort-value="7000399967367751001♠" style="display:none"></span>4.0%</i>) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7010225133000000000♠"></span>22,513.30 km<sup>2</sup><br />(8,692.43 sq mi) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996189999999999999♠"></span>190/km<sup>2</sup><br />(490/sq mi) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koronadal" title="Koronadal">Koronadal</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;background-color:#F5F5F5;"><div>6</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align:left;font-size:90%;line-height:1.20em;white-space:nowrap;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato (North)</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-huc_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huc-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a></b></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;" data-sort-value="3"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_fil_caraga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Philippines highlighting the Caraga Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ph_fil_caraga.png/110px-Ph_fil_caraga.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ph_fil_caraga.png/165px-Ph_fil_caraga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ph_fil_caraga.png/220px-Ph_fil_caraga.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga Region</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Region XIII)</span> </td> <td>2,804,788<br />(<i><span data-sort-value="7000257241541329894♠" style="display:none"></span>2.6%</i>) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7010214783500000000♠"></span>21,478.35 km<sup>2</sup><br />(8,292.84 sq mi) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996129999999999999♠"></span>130/km<sup>2</sup><br />(340/sq mi) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;background-color:#F5F5F5;"><div>6</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align:left;font-size:90%;line-height:1.20em;white-space:nowrap;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-huc_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huc-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a></b>*</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a></b></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;" data-sort-value="4"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_fil_barmm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Philippines highlighting the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ph_fil_barmm.png/110px-Ph_fil_barmm.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ph_fil_barmm.png/165px-Ph_fil_barmm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ph_fil_barmm.png/220px-Ph_fil_barmm.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro"> Bangsamoro Autonomous Region<br />in Muslim<br />Mindanao</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(BARMM)</span> </td> <td>4,944,800<br />(<i><span data-sort-value="7000453513054665116♠" style="display:none"></span>4.5%</i>) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7010125357900000000♠"></span>12,535.79 km<sup>2</sup><br />(4,840.10 sq mi) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996390000000000000♠"></span>390/km<sup>2</sup><br />(1,000/sq mi) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;background-color:#F5F5F5;"><div>6</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align:left;font-size:90%;line-height:1.20em;white-space:nowrap;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a></b>*<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>excluding Isabela City</i>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-icc_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icc-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a></b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a></b>*</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:left;background-color:#F2F2F2;"> <td colspan="7"> <dl><dt>Table notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-roman" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Area-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Area_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Land area figures are the sum of each region's component provinces (and/or independent cities), derived from the National Statistical Coordination Board (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a>) official website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Islands-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Islands_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The provinces of <a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a> are separate islands and/or island groups themselves, but are included under the <a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">island group of Mindanao</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cc-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cc_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A component city, part of the province of Basilan, but whose regional services are provided by the offices of Region IX.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huc-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-huc_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huc_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huc_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huc_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huc_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huc_52-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Classification" title="Cities of the Philippines">highly urbanized city</a>, independent from any province</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icc-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icc_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Classification" title="Cities of the Philippines">independent component city</a>, not under the jurisdiction of any provincial government.</span> </li> </ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 1000px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mindanao_blank_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mindanao_blank_map.png/1000px-Mindanao_blank_map.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="556" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Mindanao_blank_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="655" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:499px; top:214px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte"><span style="color:#290033;">Zamboanga<br />del Norte</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:561px; top:239px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur"><span style="color:#290033;">Zamboanga<br />del Sur</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:490px; top:260px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay"><span style="color:#290033;">Zamboanga<br />Sibugay</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:415px; top:319px"><i><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:425px; top:365px"><b><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan"><span style="color:#290033;">Basilan</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:176px; top:487px"><b><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi"><span style="color:#290033;">Tawi-Tawi</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:314px; top:412px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu"><span style="color:#290033;">Sulu</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:739px; top:118px"><b><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin"><span style="color:#290033;">Camiguin</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:617px; top:185px"><b><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental"><span style="color:#290033;">Misamis<br />Occidental</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:639px; top:222px"><b><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte"><span style="color:#290033;">Lanao<br />del Norte</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:690px; top:248px"><b><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur"><span style="color:#290033;">Lanao<br />del Sur</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:697px; top:206px"><i><a href="/wiki/Iligan" title="Iligan">Iligan</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:731px; top:181px"><i><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:774px; top:153px"><b><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental"><span style="color:#290033;">Misamis<br />Oriental</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:832px; top:118px"><b><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte"><span style="color:#290033;">Agusan<br />del Norte</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:838px; top:69px"><b><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte"><span style="color:#290033;">Surigao<br />del Norte</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:771px; top:233px"><b><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon"><span style="color:#290033;">Bukidnon</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:822px; top:333px"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur"><span style="color:#290033;">Davao<br />del Sur</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:832px; top:303px"><i><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:845px; top:255px"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte"><span style="color:#290033;">Davao<br />del Norte</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:906px; top:262px"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro"><span style="color:#290033;">Davao<br />de Oro</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:913px; top:320px"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental"><span style="color:#290033;">Davao<br />Oriental</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:857px; top:408px"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental"><span style="color:#290033;">Davao<br />Occidental</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:779px; top:425px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani"><span style="color:#290033;">Sarangani</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:749px; top:383px"><b><a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato"><span style="color:#290033;">South<br />Cotabato</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:804px; top:391px"><i><a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General<br />Santos</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:694px; top:360px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat"><span style="color:#290033;">Sultan<br />Kudarat</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:688px; top:292px"><i><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato<br />City</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:757px; top:298px"><b><a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato"><span style="color:#290033;">Cotabato</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:853px; top:157px"><i><a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:862px; top:192px"><b><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur"><span style="color:#290033;">Agusan<br />del Sur</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:907px; top:140px"><b><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur"><span style="color:#290033;">Surigao<br />del Sur</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:663px; top:327px"><b><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao"><span style="color:#290033;">Maguindanao</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:846px; top:14px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands"><span style="color:#290033;">Dinagat<br />Islands</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:274px; top:202px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Sulu<br />Sea</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:554px; top:382px"><b><a href="/wiki/Moro_Gulf" title="Moro Gulf"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Moro Gulf</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:939px; top:87px"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Philippine<br />Sea</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:104px; top:40px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Mindanao" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Mindanao"><span style="color:#000000;">Administrative divisions</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:167px; top:60px"><b>of <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#000000;">Mindanao</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:169px; top:81px">(<i>clickable map</i>)</div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_Mindanao">Largest cities and municipalities in Mindanao</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Largest cities and municipalities in Mindanao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list of largest cities and municipalities in Mindanao in terms of population is shown in the table below. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> </p> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_Mindanao" title="Template:Largest cities and municipalities in Mindanao"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_Mindanao" title="Template talk:Largest cities and municipalities in Mindanao"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_Mindanao" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities and municipalities in Mindanao"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_municipalities_in_the_Philippines#Classification" title="List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines">cities and municipalities</a> in Mindanao</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/ird/pressrelease/Table%20B%20-https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/3_Tables%201-2_TotPop%2C%20HHPop%2C%20HHs%2C%20and%20AHS_RML_032122_rev_RRDH_CRD.xlsx">PSA Census May 2020</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_municipalities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Region</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_municipalities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Region</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Davao_City_skyline_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Davao City"><img alt="Davao City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Davao_City_skyline_02.jpg/120px-Davao_City_skyline_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Davao_City_skyline_02.jpg/180px-Davao_City_skyline_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Davao_City_skyline_02.jpg/240px-Davao_City_skyline_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zamboanga_City_from_Garden_Orchid_Hotel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zamboanga City"><img alt="Zamboanga City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zamboanga_City_from_Garden_Orchid_Hotel.jpg/120px-Zamboanga_City_from_Garden_Orchid_Hotel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zamboanga_City_from_Garden_Orchid_Hotel.jpg/180px-Zamboanga_City_from_Garden_Orchid_Hotel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zamboanga_City_from_Garden_Orchid_Hotel.jpg/240px-Zamboanga_City_from_Garden_Orchid_Hotel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1577" data-file-height="528" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,776,949</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Panabo" title="Panabo">Panabo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">209,230 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cagayan de Oro"><img alt="Cagayan de Oro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg/120px-CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg/180px-CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg/240px-CAG_Skyline_Jan_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3810" data-file-height="1776" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gensan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Santos"><img alt="General Santos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gensan.jpg/120px-Gensan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gensan.jpg/180px-Gensan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gensan.jpg/240px-Gensan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3639" data-file-height="2562" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">977,234</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marawi" title="Marawi">Marawi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">207,010 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">728,402</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Koronadal" title="Koronadal">Koronadal</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">195,398 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">697,315</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malaybalay" title="Malaybalay">Malaybalay</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">190,712 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caraga_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Caraga Region">Caraga Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">372,910</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Digos" title="Digos">Digos</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">188,376 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Iligan" title="Iligan">Iligan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">363,115</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Polomolok" title="Polomolok">Polomolok</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">172,605 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">325,079</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Surigao_City" title="Surigao City">Surigao City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caraga_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Caraga Region">Caraga Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">171,107 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tagum" title="Tagum">Tagum</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">296,202</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kidapawan" title="Kidapawan">Kidapawan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">160,791 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Bukidnon" title="Valencia, Bukidnon">Valencia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">216,546</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mati,_Davao_Oriental" title="Mati, Davao Oriental">Mati</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">147,547 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pagadian" title="Pagadian">Pagadian</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">210,452</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ozamiz" title="Ozamiz">Ozamiz</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">140,334 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_topographique_de_Mindanao.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Carte_topographique_de_Mindanao.svg/220px-Carte_topographique_de_Mindanao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Carte_topographique_de_Mindanao.svg/330px-Carte_topographique_de_Mindanao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Carte_topographique_de_Mindanao.svg/440px-Carte_topographique_de_Mindanao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2339" data-file-height="1789" /></a><figcaption>Geofeatures map of Mindanao</figcaption></figure> <p>Mindanao is the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> in the Philippines at 97,530 square kilometres (37,660 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-unep_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unep-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">seventh-most populous island in the world</a>. The island is mountainous, and is home to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Apo" title="Mount Apo">Mount Apo</a>, the highest mountain in the country. Mindanao is surrounded by four seas: the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a> to the west,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a> to the east, the <a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/Mindanao_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindanao Sea">Mindanao Sea</a> to the north. </p><p>The island itself is part of an <a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">island group</a> of the same name, which consists of the mainland, the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago" title="Sulu Archipelago">Sulu Archipelago</a> and the outlying islands of <a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Island" title="Dinagat Island">Dinagat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siargao" title="Siargao">Siargao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samal,_Davao_del_Norte" title="Samal, Davao del Norte">Samal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mountains">Mountains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foggy_Morning_At_Panimahawa_Ridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Foggy_Morning_At_Panimahawa_Ridge.jpg/220px-Foggy_Morning_At_Panimahawa_Ridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Foggy_Morning_At_Panimahawa_Ridge.jpg/330px-Foggy_Morning_At_Panimahawa_Ridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Foggy_Morning_At_Panimahawa_Ridge.jpg/440px-Foggy_Morning_At_Panimahawa_Ridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Mountains in the province of <a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The mountains of Mindanao can be grouped into ten ranges, including both complex structural mountains and volcanoes. The structural mountains on the extreme eastern and western portions of the island show broad exposures of <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> rock, and Ultrabasic rocks at the surface in many places along the east coast. Other parts of the island consist mainly of <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> volcanic or sedimentary rocks. </p><p>In the eastern portion of the island, from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilas_Point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilas Point (page does not exist)">Bilas Point</a> in <a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a> to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_San_Agustin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape San Agustin (page does not exist)">Cape San Agustin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a>, is a range of complex mountains known in their northern portion as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diwata_Mountains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diwata Mountains (page does not exist)">Diwata Mountains</a>. This range is low and rolling in its central portion. A proposed road connecting <a href="/wiki/Bislig" title="Bislig">Bislig</a> on the east coast with the <a href="/wiki/Agusan_River" title="Agusan River">Agusan River</a> would pass through 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) of broad saddle across the mountains at a maximum elevation of less than 250 meters (820 ft); while the existing east–west road from <a href="/wiki/Lianga,_Surigao_del_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianga, Surigao del Sur">Lianga</a>, 48 km (30 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Bislig" title="Bislig">Bislig</a>, reaches a maximum elevation of only 450 m (1,480 ft). The Diwata Mountains, north of these low points, are considerably higher and more rugged, reaching an elevation of 2,012 m (6,601 ft) in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hilong-Hilong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Hilong-Hilong (page does not exist)">Mount Hilong-Hilong</a>, 17 miles (27 km) along the eastern portion of <a href="/wiki/Cabadbaran" title="Cabadbaran">Cabadbaran</a>. The southern portion of this range is broader and even more rugged than the northern section. In <a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a>, several peaks rise above 2,600 m (8,530 ft) and one mountain rises to 2,910 m (9,547 ft). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MountApo1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/MountApo1.jpg/220px-MountApo1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/MountApo1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mt._Apo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Apo">Mt. Apo</a>, the highest peak in the Philippines</figcaption></figure> <p>The east-facing coastal regions of Davao and Surigao del Sur are marked by a series of small coastal lowlands separated from each other by rugged forelands which extend to the water's edge. Offshore are numerous <a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral reefs">coral reefs</a> and tiny <a href="/wiki/Islets" class="mw-redirect" title="Islets">islets</a>. This remote and forbidding coast is made doubly difficult to access during the months from October to March by the heavy surf driven before the northeast trade winds. A few miles offshore is found the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Deep" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Deep">Philippine Deep</a>. This ocean trench, reaching measured depths of 34,696 feet (10,575 m), is the third-deepest trench, (after the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonga_Trench" title="Tonga Trench">Tonga Trench</a>) on the earth's surface. </p><p>A second north–south mountain range extends from <a href="/wiki/Talisayan,_Misamis_Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Talisayan, Misamis Oriental">Talisayan</a> in the north, to <a href="/wiki/Tinaca_Point" title="Tinaca Point">Tinaca Point</a> in the southernmost point of Mindanao. This mountain range runs along the western borders of the <a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao</a> provinces. This range is mainly structural in origin, but it also contains at least three active volcano peaks. The central and northern portions of this range contain several peaks between 2,000 and 2,600 m (6,600 and 8,500 ft), and here the belt of mountains is about 30 miles (48 km) across. </p><p>West of <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a> stand two inactive volcanoes: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Talomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Talomo">Mount Talomo</a> at 2,893 meters (9,491 ft), and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Apo" title="Mount Apo">Mount Apo</a> at 2,964 m (9,724 ft). Mount Apo is the highest point in the Philippines. South of Mount Apo, this central mountain belt is somewhat lower than it is to the north, with peaks averaging only 1,100 to 1,800 m (3,600 to 5,900 ft). </p><p>In Western Mindanao, a range of complex structural mountains forms the long, hand-like <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula_(geographical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamboanga Peninsula (geographical region)">Zamboanga Peninsula</a>. These mountains, reaching heights of only 1,200 meters (3,900 feet), are not as high as the other structural belts in Mindanao. There are several places in the Zamboanga Mountains where small inter-mountain basins have been created, with some potential for future agricultural development. The northeastern end of this range is marked by the twin peaks of the now-extinct volcano, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Malindang" title="Mount Malindang">Mount Malindang</a>, that towers over <a href="/wiki/Ozamiz" title="Ozamiz">Ozamiz</a> at a height of 2,425 m (7,956 ft). Mount Dapia is the highest mountain in the Zamboanga Peninsula, reaching a height of 2,617 m (8,586 ft). <a href="/wiki/Batorampon_Point" title="Batorampon Point">Batorampon Point</a> is the highest mountain of the southernmost end of the peninsula, reaching a height of only 1,335 m (4,380 ft); it is located in the boundary of <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a>. </p><p>A series of volcanic mountains is located within the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lanao" title="Lake Lanao">Lake Lanao</a> forming a broad arc through the <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a> provinces. At least six of the twenty odd peaks in this area are active and several stand in semi-isolation. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butig_Peaks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butig Peaks (page does not exist)">Butig Peaks</a>, with their four crater lakes, are easily seen from <a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ragang" title="Mount Ragang">Mount Ragang</a>, an active volcano cone reaching 2,815 m (9,236 ft), is the most isolated, while the greatest height is reached by <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kitanglad" title="Mount Kitanglad">Mount Kitanglad</a> at 2,889 m (9,478 ft). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippinen_mindanao_boot_ph06p73.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Philippinen_mindanao_boot_ph06p73.jpg/220px-Philippinen_mindanao_boot_ph06p73.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Philippinen_mindanao_boot_ph06p73.jpg/330px-Philippinen_mindanao_boot_ph06p73.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Philippinen_mindanao_boot_ph06p73.jpg/440px-Philippinen_mindanao_boot_ph06p73.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Mindanao coast</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a>, is another range of volcanic mountains, this time paralleling the coast. These mountains have a maximum extent of 110 miles (180 km) from northwest to southeast and measures some 30 miles (48 km) across. One of the well-known mountains here is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Parker_(Cotabato)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Parker (Cotabato)">Mount Parker</a>, whose almost circular <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">crater lake</a> measures a mile-and-a-quarter in diameter and lies 300 m (980 ft) below its 2,040 m (6,690 ft) summit. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Matutum" title="Mount Matutum">Mount Matutum</a> is a protected area and is considered one of the major landmarks in the <a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a> province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plateaus">Plateaus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Plateaus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another important physiographic division of Mindanao is the series of upland plateaus in the <a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a> provinces. These <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateaus</a> are rather extensive and almost surround several <a href="/wiki/Volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanoes">volcanoes</a> in this area. The plateaus are made up of basaltic lava flows inter-bedded with volcanic ash and tuff. Near their edges, the plateaus are cut by deep <a href="/wiki/Canyons" class="mw-redirect" title="Canyons">canyons</a>, and at several points waterfalls drop down to the narrow coastal plain. These falls hold considerable promise for development of hydroelectric energy. Indeed, one such site at <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cristina_Falls" title="Maria Cristina Falls">Maria Cristina Falls</a> has already become a major producer. The rolling plateaus lie at an elevation averaging 700 meters above sea level, and offer relief from the often oppressive heat of the coastal lowlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lakes_and_waterfalls">Lakes and waterfalls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Lakes and waterfalls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lake_Lanao" title="Lake Lanao">Lake Lanao</a> occupies a large portion of one such plateau in <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a>. This lake is the largest lake in Mindanao and the second largest in the country; it is roughly triangular in shape with an 18-mile-long (29 km) base, having a surface at 780 meters above sea level, and is rimmed on the east, south, and west by a series of peaks reaching 2,300 meters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Marawi_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Marawi City">Marawi City</a>, at the northern tip of the lake, is bisected by the <a href="/wiki/Agus_River" title="Agus River">Agus River</a>, that feeds the <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cristina_Falls" title="Maria Cristina Falls">Maria Cristina Falls</a>. </p><p>Another of Mindanao's waterfall sites is located in Malabang, 15 miles (24 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lanao" title="Lake Lanao">Lake Lanao</a>. Here the Jose Abad Santos Falls present one of the nation's scenic wonders at the gateway to a 200-hectare national park development. </p><p>The Limunsudan Falls, with an approximate height of 800 ft (240 m), is the highest waterfall in the Philippines; it is located in <a href="/wiki/Iligan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Iligan City">Iligan City</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valleys,_rivers,_and_plains"><span id="Valleys.2C_rivers.2C_and_plains"></span>Valleys, rivers, and plains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Valleys, rivers, and plains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao_(Cotabato_City).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao_%28Cotabato_City%29.jpg/220px-Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao_%28Cotabato_City%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao_%28Cotabato_City%29.jpg/330px-Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao_%28Cotabato_City%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao_%28Cotabato_City%29.jpg/440px-Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao_%28Cotabato_City%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao" title="Rio Grande de Mindanao">Rio Grande de Mindanao</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mindanao contains two large lowland areas in the valleys of the <a href="/wiki/Agusan_River" title="Agusan River">Agusan River</a> in Agusan, and the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao" title="Rio Grande de Mindanao">Rio Grande de Mindanao</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a>. </p><p>There is some indication that the Agusan Valley occupies a broad syncline between the central mountains and the east-coast mountains. This valley measures 110 miles (180 km) from south to north and varies from 20 to 30 miles (32 to 48 km) in width. 35 miles (56 km) north of the head of <a href="/wiki/Davao_Gulf" title="Davao Gulf">Davao Gulf</a> lies the watershed between the Agusan and the tributaries of the Libuganon River, which flows to the gulf. The elevation of this divide is well under 200 m (660 ft), indicating the almost continuous nature of the lowland from the <a href="/wiki/Mindanao_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindanao Sea">Mindanao Sea</a> on the north to <a href="/wiki/Davao_Gulf" title="Davao Gulf">Davao Gulf</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_de_Mindanao" title="Rio Grande de Mindanao">Rio Grande de Mindanao</a> and its main tributaries, the Catisan and the <a href="/wiki/Pulangi_River" title="Pulangi River">Pulangi</a>, form a valley with a maximum length of 120 miles (190 km) and a width which varies from 12 miles (19 km) at the river mouth to about 60 miles (97 km) in central <a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a>. The southern extensions of this Cotabato Valley extend uninterrupted across a 350-meter (1,150 ft) <a href="/wiki/Drainage_divide" title="Drainage divide">watershed</a> from <a href="/wiki/Illana_Bay" title="Illana Bay">Illana Bay</a> on the northwest to <a href="/wiki/Sarangani_Bay" title="Sarangani Bay">Sarangani Bay</a> on the southeast. </p><p>Other lowlands of a coastal nature are to be found in various parts of Mindanao. Many of these are tiny isolated pockets, along the northwest coast of <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga</a>. In other areas such as the Davao Plain, these coastal lowlands are 16 km (9.9 mi) wide and several times in length. </p><p>From <a href="/wiki/Dipolog" title="Dipolog">Dipolog</a>, eastward along the northern coast of Mindanao approaching <a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a>, extends a rolling coastal plain of varying width. In <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a>, the now dormant <a href="/wiki/Mount_Malindang" title="Mount Malindang">Mount Malindang</a> has created a lowland averaging 13 km (8.1 mi) in width. Shallow <a href="/wiki/Panguil_Bay" title="Panguil Bay">Panguil Bay</a> divides this province from <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a>, and is bordered by low-lying, poorly drained lowlands and extensive mangroves. In <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a>, the plain is narrower and in places whittle into rugged capes that reach the sea. East of <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a>, a rugged peninsula extends into the <a href="/wiki/Mindanao_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindanao Sea">Mindanao Sea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a> is expected to have adverse effects on Mindanao's population, environment, and agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mindanao is already experiencing <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">severe climate events</a> attributed to changes in the Earth's temperature. These climate events include typhoons such as <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Washi" title="Tropical Storm Washi">Typhoon Washi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Bopha" title="Typhoon Bopha">Typhoon Bopha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Rai" title="Typhoon Rai">Typhoon Rai</a> as of December 2021. Those storms had severe impact on the island of Mindanao.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, Mindanao had a population of over 25 million. This represented 22 percent of the entire population of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-honshu2_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-honshu2-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity_and_culture">Ethnicity and culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Ethnicity and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Culture of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Music of the Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kulintang" title="Kulintang">Kulintang</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indak_Boy_Kadayawan_Festival_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Indak_Boy_Kadayawan_Festival_1.jpg/220px-Indak_Boy_Kadayawan_Festival_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Indak_Boy_Kadayawan_Festival_1.jpg/330px-Indak_Boy_Kadayawan_Festival_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Indak_Boy_Kadayawan_Festival_1.jpg/440px-Indak_Boy_Kadayawan_Festival_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><i>I-indak sa kadalanan</i> or the street dancing competition, part of <a href="/wiki/Kadayawan_Festival" title="Kadayawan Festival">Kadayawan Festival</a> celebration in <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinatown_Davao_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Chinatown_Davao_City.jpg/220px-Chinatown_Davao_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Chinatown_Davao_City.jpg/330px-Chinatown_Davao_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Chinatown_Davao_City.jpg/440px-Chinatown_Davao_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Davao City's <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinatown</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Region </th> <th rowspan="2">Province </th> <th colspan="2">Major ethnic groups </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Indigenous</b> </th> <th><b>Non-indigenous</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></b></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Zamboanga_del_Sur.png/23px-Zamboanga_del_Sur.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Zamboanga_del_Sur.png/35px-Zamboanga_del_Sur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Zamboanga_del_Sur.png/46px-Zamboanga_del_Sur.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iranun_people" title="Iranun people">Iranun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_people" title="Maguindanao people">Maguindanaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maranao_people" title="Maranao people">Maranao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama-Bajau people">Sama-Bajaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subanon_people" title="Subanon people">Subanen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tausug_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tausug people">Tausug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakan_people" title="Yakan people">Yakan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bicolano_people" title="Bicolano people">Bicolano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_people" title="Cebuano people">Cebuano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamboangue%C3%B1o_people" title="Zamboangueño people">Chavacano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Filipino">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_people" title="Hiligaynon people">Hiligaynon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_people" title="Kapampangan people">Kapampangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Zamboanga_Sibugay_Flag.png/23px-Zamboanga_Sibugay_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Zamboanga_Sibugay_Flag.png/35px-Zamboanga_Sibugay_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Zamboanga_Sibugay_Flag.png/46px-Zamboanga_Sibugay_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a></td> <td>Maguindanaon, Subanen, Tausug </td> <td>Chavacano, Cebuano, Ilocano </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vlag_Fil_ZamboangadelNorte.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_ZamboangadelNorte.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vlag_Fil_ZamboangadelNorte.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_ZamboangadelNorte.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vlag_Fil_ZamboangadelNorte.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_ZamboangadelNorte.gif 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a></td> <td>Maguindanaon, Sama-Bajaw, Subanen, Tausug </td> <td>Chavacano, Cebuano </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></b></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vlag_Fil_MisamisOccidental.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_MisamisOccidental.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vlag_Fil_MisamisOccidental.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_MisamisOccidental.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vlag_Fil_MisamisOccidental.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_MisamisOccidental.gif 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="217" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a></td> <td>Subanen </td> <td>Cebuano </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vlag_Fil_LanaodelNorte.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_LanaodelNorte.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vlag_Fil_LanaodelNorte.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_LanaodelNorte.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vlag_Fil_LanaodelNorte.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_LanaodelNorte.gif 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="217" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lumad#Higaonon" title="Lumad">Higaonon</a>, Maranao, Subanen </td> <td>Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PH-MSR_Flag.png/23px-PH-MSR_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PH-MSR_Flag.png/35px-PH-MSR_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PH-MSR_Flag.png/46px-PH-MSR_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a></td> <td>Higaonon, Maranao </td> <td>Bicolano, Cebuano, Chinese, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Filipino" title="Indian Filipino">Indian</a>, Kapampangan, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Vlag_Fil_Camiguin.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_Camiguin.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Vlag_Fil_Camiguin.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_Camiguin.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Vlag_Fil_Camiguin.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_Camiguin.gif 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lumad#Kamigin" title="Lumad">Kamigin Manobo</a> </td> <td>Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Tagalog, <a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_the_Province_of_Bukidnon.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Province_of_Bukidnon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_the_Province_of_Bukidnon.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Province_of_Bukidnon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_the_Province_of_Bukidnon.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Province_of_Bukidnon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="272" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Higaonon" class="mw-redirect" title="Higaonon">Higaonon</a>, Iranun, Maguindanaon, Maranao, <a href="/wiki/Matigsalug" title="Matigsalug">Matigsalug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Talaandig" title="Lumad">Talaandig</a> </td> <td>Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, <a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatan</a>, Tagalog, Waray </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></b></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vlag_Fil_DavaodelSur.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_DavaodelSur.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vlag_Fil_DavaodelSur.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_DavaodelSur.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vlag_Fil_DavaodelSur.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_DavaodelSur.gif 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lumad#Manobo" title="Lumad">Ata Manobo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Bagobo" title="Lumad">Bagobo Klata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Bagobo" title="Lumad">Bagobo Tagabawa</a>, Iranun, <a href="/wiki/Kalagan_people" title="Kalagan people">Kagan</a>, Maguindanaon, Maranao, Matigsalug, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Bagobo" title="Lumad">Obu Manuvu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama-Bajau people">Sama-Bajaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tausug_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tausug people">Tausug</a> </td> <td>Cebuano, Chinese, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Indian, Kapampangan, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PH-DAV_Flag.png/23px-PH-DAV_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PH-DAV_Flag.png/35px-PH-DAV_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PH-DAV_Flag.png/46px-PH-DAV_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manobo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Manobo people">Ata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Manobo" title="Lumad">Dibabawon</a>, Kagan, Maguindanaon, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Mandaya" title="Lumad">Mandaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Manobo" title="Lumad">Mangguangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Mansaka" title="Lumad">Mansaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama-Bajau people">Sama-Bajaw</a> </td> <td>Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Davao_De_Oro_Flag.jpg/23px-Davao_De_Oro_Flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Davao_De_Oro_Flag.jpg/35px-Davao_De_Oro_Flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Davao_De_Oro_Flag.jpg/46px-Davao_De_Oro_Flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro">Davao de Oro</a></td> <td>Ata Manobo, Dibabawon, Kagan, Mandaya, Mangguangan, Mansaka </td> <td>Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Davao_Oriental.svg/23px-Flag_of_Davao_Oriental.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Davao_Oriental.svg/35px-Flag_of_Davao_Oriental.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Davao_Oriental.svg/45px-Flag_of_Davao_Oriental.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="852" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lumad#Manobo" title="Lumad">Manobo</a>, Kagan, Mandaya, Mansaka </td> <td>Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PH-DVO_Flag.png/23px-PH-DVO_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PH-DVO_Flag.png/35px-PH-DVO_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PH-DVO_Flag.png/45px-PH-DVO_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental">Davao Occidental</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blaan_people" title="Blaan people">Blaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Tagakaulo" title="Lumad">Tagakaulo</a>, Manobo, <a href="/wiki/Sangirese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangirese people">Sangil</a> </td> <td>Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><b><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></b></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vlag_Fil_Cotabato.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_Cotabato.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vlag_Fil_Cotabato.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_Cotabato.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vlag_Fil_Cotabato.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_Cotabato.gif 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lumad#Bagobo" title="Lumad">Bagobo Tagabawa</a>, Iranun, Maguindanaon, Manobo, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Tagakaulo" title="Lumad">Tagakaulo</a> </td> <td>Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, <a href="/wiki/Karay-a_people" title="Karay-a people">Karay-a</a>, Tagalog, Waray </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_Sarangani.png/23px-Flag_of_Sarangani.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_Sarangani.png/35px-Flag_of_Sarangani.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_Sarangani.png/46px-Flag_of_Sarangani.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="457" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a></td> <td>Blaan, Maguindanaon, Tagakaulo, <a href="/wiki/Tboli_people" title="Tboli people">Tboli</a> </td> <td>Cebuano, Hiligaynon, <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a>, Tagalog, Waray </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/South_Cotabato_Flag.png/23px-South_Cotabato_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/South_Cotabato_Flag.png/35px-South_Cotabato_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/South_Cotabato_Flag.png/46px-South_Cotabato_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a></td> <td>Blaan, Maguindanaon, Tboli </td> <td>Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Karay-a, Kapampangan, Tagalog, Waray </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vlag_Fil_SultanKudarat.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_SultanKudarat.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vlag_Fil_SultanKudarat.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_SultanKudarat.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vlag_Fil_SultanKudarat.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_SultanKudarat.gif 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a></td> <td>Blaan, Maguindanaon, Manobo, <a href="/wiki/Teduray_people" title="Teduray people">Teduray</a> </td> <td>Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Karay-a, Kapampangan, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><b><a href="/wiki/BARMM" class="mw-redirect" title="BARMM">BARMM</a></b></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/23px-Flag_of_None.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/35px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/45px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a></td> <td>Iranun, Maguindanaon, Teduray </td> <td>Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/23px-Flag_of_None.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/35px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/45px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lumad#Manobo" title="Lumad">Ilianen Manobo</a>, Maguindanaon, Teduray </td> <td>Hiligaynon, Ilocano, <a href="/wiki/Karay-a_people" title="Karay-a people">Karay-a</a>, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Vlag_Fil_LanaodelSur.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_LanaodelSur.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Vlag_Fil_LanaodelSur.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_LanaodelSur.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Vlag_Fil_LanaodelSur.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_LanaodelSur.gif 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a></td> <td>Iranun, Maranao </td> <td>Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PH-flag_of_Basilan_Province.png/23px-PH-flag_of_Basilan_Province.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PH-flag_of_Basilan_Province.png/35px-PH-flag_of_Basilan_Province.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PH-flag_of_Basilan_Province.png/45px-PH-flag_of_Basilan_Province.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama-Bajau people">Sama-Bajaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tausug_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tausug people">Tausug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakan_people" title="Yakan people">Yakan</a> </td> <td>Chavacano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bandeira_Sultanato_de_Sulu_Moderna.svg/23px-Bandeira_Sultanato_de_Sulu_Moderna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bandeira_Sultanato_de_Sulu_Moderna.svg/35px-Bandeira_Sultanato_de_Sulu_Moderna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bandeira_Sultanato_de_Sulu_Moderna.svg/46px-Bandeira_Sultanato_de_Sulu_Moderna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a></td> <td>Sama-Bajaw, Tausug </td> <td>Cebuano </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tawi-Tawi_Flag.png/21px-Tawi-Tawi_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tawi-Tawi_Flag.png/32px-Tawi-Tawi_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tawi-Tawi_Flag.png/42px-Tawi-Tawi_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tawi-tawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawi-tawi">Tawi-tawi</a></td> <td>Sama-Bajaw, Tausug </td> <td>Cebuano </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><b><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga</a></b></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/PH-AGN_Flag.png/23px-PH-AGN_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/PH-AGN_Flag.png/35px-PH-AGN_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/PH-AGN_Flag.png/45px-PH-AGN_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lumad#Manobo" title="Lumad">Agusan Manobo</a>, Higaonon, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Mamanwa" title="Lumad">Mamanwa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_people" title="Butuanon people">Butuanon</a>, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, <a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_people" title="Surigaonon people">Surigaonon</a>, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vlag_Fil_AgusandelSur.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_AgusandelSur.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vlag_Fil_AgusandelSur.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_AgusandelSur.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vlag_Fil_AgusandelSur.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_AgusandelSur.gif 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a></td> <td>Bagobo, Agusan Manobo, Higaonon, Mamanwa </td> <td>Bicolano, Butuanon, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Surigaonon, Tagalog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Surigao_del_Norte.svg/23px-Flag_of_Surigao_del_Norte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Surigao_del_Norte.svg/35px-Flag_of_Surigao_del_Norte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Surigao_del_Norte.svg/46px-Flag_of_Surigao_del_Norte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="787" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a></td> <td>Mandaya, Agusan Manobo, Mamanwa, <a href="/wiki/Lumad#Mansaka" title="Lumad">Mansaka</a> </td> <td>Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Waray </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Vlag_Fil_SurigaodelSur.gif/23px-Vlag_Fil_SurigaodelSur.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Vlag_Fil_SurigaodelSur.gif/35px-Vlag_Fil_SurigaodelSur.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Vlag_Fil_SurigaodelSur.gif/46px-Vlag_Fil_SurigaodelSur.gif 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a></td> <td>Mandaya, Agusan Manobo </td> <td>Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Waray </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/PH-DIN_Flag.png/23px-PH-DIN_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/PH-DIN_Flag.png/35px-PH-DIN_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/PH-DIN_Flag.png/45px-PH-DIN_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Waray </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>An American census conducted in the early 1900s noted that the island was inhabited by people "greatly divided in origin, temperament and religion".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence of the island's cultural diversity can be seen in the buildings and ruins of old Spanish settlements in the northwestern peninsula that span eastwards to the southern gulf coast, the site of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Rajahnate_of_Butuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajahnate of Butuan">Rajahnate of Butuan</a> in the northeast region (<a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga</a>), the sultanates in the southwest (<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a>, Sultanate of Lanao, <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Sultanate of Maguindanao</a>), a number of Buddhist and Taoist temples, and the numerous indigenous tribes. </p><p>Today around 25.8 percent of the household population in Mindanao classified themselves as Cebuanos. Other ethnic groups included Bisaya/Binisaya (18.4%), Hiligaynon/Ilonggo (8.2%), Maguindanaon (5.5%), and Maranao (5.4%). The remaining 36.6 percent belonged to other ethnic groups, including individuals from Luzon and the Lumad people (indigenous peoples of Mindanao). Cebuano registered the highest proportion of ethnic group in Northern Mindanao and Davao Region with 35.59 percent and 37.76 percent, respectively. In Soccsksargen, it was Hiligaynon/Ilonggo (31.58%), Binisaya/Bisaya (33.10%) in Zamboanga Peninsula, Maranao (26.40%) in BARMM, and Surigaonon (25.67%) in Caraga.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like elsewhere, assimilation from one ethnic group into another is not uncommon in Mindanao. Over the last decades, many migrants from Luzon and Lumad tribes on the island integrated and assimilated into the majority Cebuano-speaking society in Mindanao (Hiligaynon-speaking in the case of Soccsksargen). They identified themselves as Visayans as a result of learning to speak Cebuano or Hiligaynon fluently from their Cebuano or Hiligaynon neighbors. Despite this, many of them still know and retain their non-Visayan roots and some speak their ancestors' language fluently as their second or third language since Mindanao is a melting pot of cultures as a result of southward migration from Luzon and Visayas since the 20th century. Descendants of these migrant Luzon ethnic groups and Lumads, especially newer generations (as Mindanao-born natives), now speak Cebuano or Hiligaynon fluently as their main language with little or no knowledge of their ancestors' native tongues at the time of their southward journey to Mindanao and Lumads developed contact with Cebuano and Hiligaynon speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mindanao" title="Special:EditPage/Mindanao">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Dozens of languages are spoken in Mindanao; among them, <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_language" title="Maguindanao language">Maguindanaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_language" title="Surigaonon language">Surigaonon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a> are most widely spoken. Of the seven aforementioned regional languages, Cebuano (often referred to as <i>Bisaya</i>) has the largest number of speakers, being spoken throughout Northern Mindanao (except the southern parts of <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a>), the Davao region, the western half of the Caraga region (as well as the city of <a href="/wiki/Bislig" title="Bislig">Bislig</a> and the municipalities surrounding it in <a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a>), the entirety of the Zamboanga Peninsula (with the exception of Zamboanga City), and southern Soccsksargen. </p><p>Hiligaynon is the main language of Soccsksargen, where majority of the inhabitants are of ethnic Hiligaynon stock. <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_language" title="Maguindanao language">Maguindanaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manobo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manobo language">Manobo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tboli_language" title="Tboli language">Tboli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a> are the indigenous languages spoken in Soccsksargen. <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>, a native language of the Luzon <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">ethnic group of the same name</a>, is also spoken in some areas in Soccsksargen, where they also share residency with Hiligaynons. Surigaonon is spoken in the eastern half of the Caraga region, mainly by the eponymous Surigaonons. Tausug is widely spoken specifically in the Sulu Archipelago, which comprises the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a>, with a sizeable community of speakers residing in Zamboanga City. </p><p>Maranao and Maguindanaon are the dominant languages of the eastern territories of the Bangsamoro, respectively, with the former being spoken in <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a> as well as the southern areas of Lanao del Norte, and the latter in the eponymous provinces of <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a> and also in adjacent areas which are part of Soccsksargen. Chavacano is the native language of Zamboanga City and is also the lingua franca of Basilan; it is also spoken in the southernmost fringes of <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a>. It is also spoken, albeit as a minority language, in <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a> and Davao City, where dialects of it, respectively, exist, namely Cotabateño and Castellano Abakay, both of which evolved from the variant of the language spoken in Zamboanga City. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> are also widely understood and spoken, with the former being highly utilized in business and academia, and the latter being used to communicate with visitors from Luzon and other parts of Visayas. Filipino is also the main lingua franca of Cotabato City and in BARMM as a whole. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Deeppink; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 352.45314152573px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 66.048090030257px; border-left-color:SkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:SkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:SkyBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 48.057981843237px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 10.912925014503px; border-left-color:#82eefd"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#82eefd"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#82eefd"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:97.438576695696px 22.488302993267px 0 0; border-top-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 791.58150883058px 100px 0; border-right-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Mindanao (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-PSA-PIF2020_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA-PIF2020-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkBlue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> (48.00%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (23.39%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#82eefd; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> (5.34%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a> (5.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:SkyBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Aglipayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aglipayan">Aglipayan</a> (2.16%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> Other/Unknown Christians (11.31%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Deeppink; color:black;"> </span> Other/None (4.6%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Philippines" title="Christianity in the Philippines">Christianity</a> is the dominant religious affiliation in Mindanao with 72% of the household population, the majority of which are adherents of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Catholicism</a>; <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines" title="Islam in the Philippines">Islam</a> comprised 23.39%,<sup id="cite_ref-PSA_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other religions were Pentecostal (5.34%), <a href="/wiki/Aglipayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aglipayan">Aglipayan</a> (2.16%), and <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a> (5.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major tourist spots are scattered throughout Mindanao, consisting mostly of beach resorts, scuba diving resorts, surfing, museums, nature parks, mountain climbing, and river rafting. <a href="/wiki/Siargao" title="Siargao">Siargao</a>, best known for its surfing tower in Cloud 9, also has caves, pools, waterfalls, and lagoons.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are archaeological sites, historical ruins, and museums in <a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White Island is a popular tourist spot in <a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a>. The Duka Bay<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Matangale<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dive resorts in <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a> offer glass bottomed boat rides and scuba diving lessons. <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a> has beach resorts, the Mapawa Nature Park, white water rafting and kayaking, museums, and historical landmarks.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ziplining is the main attraction at the Dahilayan Adventure Park and rock wall climbing at Kiokong in <a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iligan" title="Iligan">Iligan City</a> has the Maria Cristina Falls, Tinago Falls, nature parks, beaches, and historical landmarks.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are parks, historical buildings, the Vinta Ride at Paseo del Mar, boat villages, 11 Islands (commonly called as <i>Onçe Islas</i>), 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pilar" title="Fort Pilar">Fort Pilar</a> Shrine and Museum and the world-renowned <a href="/wiki/Great_Santa_Cruz_Island" title="Great Santa Cruz Island"><i>Pink Sand Beach</i></a> of Sta. Cruz in <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are festivals, fireworks, and the Beras Bird Sanctuary in <a href="/wiki/Tacurong" title="Tacurong">Takurong City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao</a> has <a href="/wiki/Mount_Apo" title="Mount Apo">Mt Apo</a>, parks, museums, beaches, historical landmarks, and scuba diving resorts.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy">Energy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many areas in Mindanao suffer rotating 12-hour blackouts due to the island's woefully inadequate power supply.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is forecast to continue suffering from a 200-megawatt power deficit until 2015, when the private sector begins to operate new capacity. <a href="/wiki/Aboitiz_Equity_Ventures" title="Aboitiz Equity Ventures">Aboitiz Equity Ventures</a>, a publicly listed holdings company, has committed to supplying 1,200 megawatts through a coal-fired plant on the border of Davao City and Davao del Sur that is slated for operation by 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agus-Pulangui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agus-Pulangui (page does not exist)">Agus-Pulangui</a> hydropower complex, which supplies more than half of Mindanao's power supply, is currently producing only 635 megawatts of its 982 megawatt capacity due to the heavy siltation of the rivers that power the complex. <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a>, an urbanized center in southwest Mindanao, is expected to begin experience daily three-hour brownouts due to the <a href="/wiki/National_Power_Corporation" title="National Power Corporation">National Power Corporation</a>'s decision to reduce power supply in the city by 10 megawatts.<sup id="cite_ref-power1_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-power1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Manila_Electric_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Electric Company">Manila Electric Company</a> (Meralco), the largest power distributor in the Philippines, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Business_Power_Corp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Business Power Corp (page does not exist)">Global Business Power Corp</a> (GBPC), also a major provider, have announced plans to enter Mindanao for the first time to establish solutions for the power problems within the island.<sup id="cite_ref-power1_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-power1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_annual_events">Major annual events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Major annual events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mindanao Film Festival (Established in 2003)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadayawan_Festival" title="Kadayawan Festival">Kadayawan Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaamulan_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaamulan Festival">Kaamulan Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higalaay_Festival" title="Higalaay Festival">Higalaay Festival</a> (formerly known as <i>Kagay-an Festival and</i> <i>Higalaay Kagay-an Festival</i>)</li> <li>Christmas Symbols Festival</li> <li>Bangsamoro Short Film Festival</li> <li>Timpuyog Festival (Kiamba, Sarangani)</li> <li>Timpuyog Festival (Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat)</li> <li>Halad Festival</li> <li>P'gsalabuk Festival</li> <li>Kinabayo Festival</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Geography of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands in the Philippines">List of islands in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-unep-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unep_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unep_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm">"Island Directory Tables"</a>. <i>UN System-Wide Earthwatch Web Site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+System-Wide+Earthwatch+Web+Site&rft.atitle=Island+Directory+Tables&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislands.unep.ch%2FTiarea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSO-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSO_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928012059/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Population%20and%20Annual%20Growth%20Rates%20for%20The%20Philippines%20and%20Its%20Regions%2C%20Provinces%2C%20and%20Highly%20Urbanized%20Cities%20Based%20on%201990%2C%202000%2C%20and%202010%20Censuses.pdf">"Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>2010 Census and Housing Population</i>. National Statistics Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Population%20and%20Annual%20Growth%20Rates%20for%20The%20Philippines%20and%20Its%20Regions%2C%20Provinces%2C%20and%20Highly%20Urbanized%20Cities%20Based%20on%201990%2C%202000%2C%20and%202010%20Censuses.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=2010+Census+and+Housing+Population&rft.atitle=Population+and+Annual+Growth+Rates+for+The+Philippines+and+Its+Regions%2C+Provinces%2C+and+Highly+Urbanized+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fattachments%2Fhsd%2Fpressrelease%2FPopulation%2520and%2520Annual%2520Growth%2520Rates%2520for%2520The%2520Philippines%2520and%2520Its%2520Regions%252C%2520Provinces%252C%2520and%2520Highly%2520Urbanized%2520Cities%2520Based%2520on%25201990%252C%25202000%252C%2520and%25202010%2520Censuses.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312215850/https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/census/population-and-housing">"Population and Housing"</a>. <i>Philippine Statistics Authority</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/census/population-and-housing">the original</a> on March 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.atitle=Population+and+Housing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fstatistics%2Fcensus%2Fpopulation-and-housing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/content/mindanao-comprised-about-24-percent-philippines-total-population">"Mindanao Comprised About 24 Percent of the Philippines' Total Population"</a>. <i>Philippine Statistics Authority</i>. June 8, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510115319/https://psa.gov.ph/content/mindanao-comprised-about-24-percent-philippines-total-population">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.atitle=Mindanao+Comprised+About+24+Percent+of+the+Philippines%27+Total+Population&rft.date=2005-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Fmindanao-comprised-about-24-percent-philippines-total-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21674840-struggling-violence-and-investment-mindanao-fruits-peace">"Fruits of Peace"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. October 15, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701161446/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21674840-struggling-violence-and-investment-mindanao-fruits-peace">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Fruits+of+Peace&rft.date=2015-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2F21674840-struggling-violence-and-investment-mindanao-fruits-peace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-investvine-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-investvine_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalderon2013" class="citation news cs1">Calderon, Justin (April 22, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084529/http://investvine.com/unearthed-gem-of-minda/">"Unearthed Gem"</a>. <i>Investvine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investvine.com/unearthed-gem-of-minda/">the original</a> on December 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investvine&rft.atitle=Unearthed+Gem&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft.aulast=Calderon&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestvine.com%2Funearthed-gem-of-minda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2018" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Gwyn (2018). <i>Bondage and the Environment in the Indian Ocean World</i>. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-70028-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-70028-1"><bdi>978-3-319-70028-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bondage+and+the+Environment+in+the+Indian+Ocean+World&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-319-70028-1&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Gwyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Subanon_History-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Subanon_History_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109153806/http://subanon.net/the-history-of-Subanon-since-the-Neolithic-Era-or-stone-age">"The History of Subanon since the Neolithic Era or Stone Age"</a>. <i>Subanon Territories</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://subanon.net/the-history-of-Subanon-since-the-Neolithic-Era-or-stone-age">the original</a> on November 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Subanon+Territories&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Subanon+since+the+Neolithic+Era+or+Stone+Age&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsubanon.net%2Fthe-history-of-Subanon-since-the-Neolithic-Era-or-stone-age&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slate-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-slate_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-slate_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoerner2005" class="citation web cs1">Koerner, Brendan I. (January 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907221645/http://www.slate.com/id/2112795/">"How Islam got to the Philippines"</a>. <i>Slate</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2112795/">the original</a> on September 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=How+Islam+got+to+the+Philippines&rft.date=2005-01-28&rft.aulast=Koerner&rft.aufirst=Brendan+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fid%2F2112795%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatubig2003" class="citation journal cs1">Catubig, Jonathan B. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=5227">"Dapitan Kingdom: A Historical Study on the Bisayan Migration and Settlement in Mindanao, circa 1563"</a>. <i>The Journal of History</i>. <b>49</b> (1–4): 144. <q>The Ternatan king planned a retaliatory attack against the Boholanos. He succeeded with his plans by covertly sending his twenty <i>joangas</i> to Bohol one by one deceitfully saying that "they are traders attending only to the sale of their goods"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=Dapitan+Kingdom%3A+A+Historical+Study+on+the+Bisayan+Migration+and+Settlement+in+Mindanao%2C+circa+1563&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=144&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Catubig&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejournals.ph%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D5227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1989" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, William Henry (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/download/1122/6410">"The Mediterranean Connection"</a>. <i>Philippine Studies</i>. <b>37</b> (2): 131–144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Mediterranean+Connection&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-144&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philippinestudies.net%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Fps%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F1122%2F6410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span> Quoting from; Cortes 30, Suma, pp. 376–77, and 362.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magellan's Voyage, Antonio Pigafetta. Chapter XXXIV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/721/today-in-philippine-history-november-1-1542-ruy-lopez-de-villalobos-started-his-expedition-to-the-philippines">"Ruy Lopez de Villalobos Begun His Expedition to the Philippines"</a>. <i>The Kahimyang Project</i>. November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705132421/https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/721/today-in-philippine-history-november-1-1542-ruy-lopez-de-villalobos-started-his-expedition-to-the-philippines">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kahimyang+Project&rft.atitle=Ruy+Lopez+de+Villalobos+Begun+His+Expedition+to+the+Philippines&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkahimyang.com%2Fkauswagan%2Farticles%2F721%2Ftoday-in-philippine-history-november-1-1542-ruy-lopez-de-villalobos-started-his-expedition-to-the-philippines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zamboanga.com/history/history_zamboanga.htm">"Zamboanga City History"</a>. <i>Zamboanga.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170604104713/http://www.zamboanga.com/history/history_zamboanga.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zamboanga.com&rft.atitle=Zamboanga+City+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zamboanga.com%2Fhistory%2Fhistory_zamboanga.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peru-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peru_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zamboanga.com/html/history_1634_moro_attacks.htm">"SECOND BOOK OF THE SECOND PART OF THE CONQUESTS OF THE FILIPINAS ISLANDS, AND CHRONICLE OF THE RELIGIOUS OF OUR FATHER, ST. AUGUSTINE"</a> (Zamboanga City History) "He (Governor Don Sebastían Hurtado de Corcuera) brought a great reënforcements of soldiers, many of them from Perú, as he made his voyage to Acapulco from that kingdom."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbubakar2003" class="citation web cs1">Abubakar, Carmen A. (September 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mondediplo.com/2003/09/05abubakar">"Mindanao: A Miniature History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde_diplomatique" title="Le Monde diplomatique">Le Monde diplomatique</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930070806/https://mondediplo.com/2003/09/05abubakar">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.atitle=Mindanao%3A+A+Miniature+History&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.aulast=Abubakar&rft.aufirst=Carmen+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmondediplo.com%2F2003%2F09%2F05abubakar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSordilla" class="citation web cs1">Sordilla, Shane Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411182827/https://www.academia.edu/38617032/MAGUINDANAO_AND_TERNATE_CONNECTION_AND_DISCONNECTION_DURING_THE_AGE_OF_EUROPEAN_COLONIZATION_AN_OVERVIEW">"Maguindanao and Ternate Connection and Disconnection During the Age of European Colonization: An Overview"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/38617032">the original</a> on April 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2021</span> – via Academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maguindanao+and+Ternate+Connection+and+Disconnection+During+the+Age+of+European+Colonization%3A+An+Overview&rft.aulast=Sordilla&rft.aufirst=Shane+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F38617032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuerreroNakpil2003-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GuerreroNakpil2003_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakpil2003" class="citation web cs1">Nakpil, Carmen Guerrero (October 29, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/ht/ht003845.htm">"Carmen Nakpil: Manila Under the Muslims"</a>. <i>Philippine Headline News Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304015113/http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/ht/ht003845.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Headline+News+Online&rft.atitle=Carmen+Nakpil%3A+Manila+Under+the+Muslims&rft.date=2003-10-29&rft.aulast=Nakpil&rft.aufirst=Carmen+Guerrero&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsflash.org%2F2003%2F05%2Fht%2Fht003845.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen2006" class="citation news cs1">Chen, C. Peter (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717140040/http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=46">"Invasion of the Philippine Islands"</a>. <i>World War II Database</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=46">the original</a> on July 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+War+II+Database&rft.atitle=Invasion+of+the+Philippine+Islands&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=C.+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2db.com%2Fbattle_spec.php%3Fbattle_id%3D46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711003942/http://www.iligan.gov.ph/about-iligan/history/during-the-japanese-period/">"During the Japanese Period"</a>. <i>Iligan City Government</i>. November 22, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iligan.gov.ph/about-iligan/history/during-the-japanese-period/">the original</a> on July 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iligan+City+Government&rft.atitle=During+the+Japanese+Period&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iligan.gov.ph%2Fabout-iligan%2Fhistory%2Fduring-the-japanese-period%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt1982" class="citation thesis cs1">Schmidt, Larry (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b068659.pdf"><i>American Involvement in the Filipino Resistance Movement on Mindanao During the Japanese Occupation, 1942–1945</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Master's thesis). U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508043005/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b068659.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=American+Involvement+in+the+Filipino+Resistance+Movement+on+Mindanao+During+the+Japanese+Occupation%2C+1942%E2%80%931945&rft.degree=Master%27s&rft.inst=U.S.+Army+Command+and+General+Staff+College&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fb068659.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1942" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Clark (April 3, 1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rNZeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BFMNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1233,4394025&hl=en">"Most of Philippines Still Free of Invading Japanese"</a>. <i>St. Joseph Gazette</i>. p. 7 – via news.google.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Joseph+Gazette&rft.atitle=Most+of+Philippines+Still+Free+of+Invading+Japanese&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1942-04-03&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DrNZeAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DBFMNAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1233%2C4394025%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MiclatinArguillas-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MiclatinArguillas_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MiclatinArguillas_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiclat2002" class="citation book cs1">Miclat, Gus (2002). "Our Lives Were Never the Same Again". In Arguillas, Carolyn O. (ed.). <i>Turning Rage Into Courage: Mindanao Under Martial Law</i>. MindaNews Publications, Mindanao News and Information Cooperative Center. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/644320116">644320116</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Our+Lives+Were+Never+the+Same+Again&rft.btitle=Turning+Rage+Into+Courage%3A+Mindanao+Under+Martial+Law&rft.pub=MindaNews+Publications%2C+Mindanao+News+and+Information+Cooperative+Center&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F644320116&rft.aulast=Miclat&rft.aufirst=Gus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancia2013" class="citation book cs1">Francia, Luis H. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NwQoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT202"><i>History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to Filipinos</i></a>. New York: Overlook Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4683-1545-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4683-1545-5"><bdi>978-1-4683-1545-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Philippines%3A+From+Indios+Bravos+to+Filipinos&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Overlook+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4683-1545-5&rft.aulast=Francia&rft.aufirst=Luis+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNwQoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For an in-depth survey of indigenous peoples and forced land seizures in the Philippines, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEder1994" class="citation web cs1">Eder, James F. (June 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222221421/https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/indigenous-peoples-ancestral-lands-and-human-rights">"Indigenous Peoples, Ancestral Lands and Human Rights in the Philippines"</a>. <i>Cultural Survival Quarterly</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/indigenous-peoples-ancestral-lands-and-human-rights">the original</a> on December 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Survival+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Indigenous+Peoples%2C+Ancestral+Lands+and+Human+Rights+in+the+Philippines&rft.date=1994-06&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalsurvival.org%2Fpublications%2Fcultural-survival-quarterly%2Findigenous-peoples-ancestral-lands-and-human-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Case-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Case_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/ccpv/assets/docs/CCPV%20-%20The%20Bangsamoro%20Struggle%20for%20Self-Determination%20-%20A%20Case%20Study%20-%20By%20Caecilia%20Noble.pdf"><i>The Bangsamoro Struggle for Self-Determintation: A Case Study</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215025250/http://manoa.hawaii.edu/ccpv/assets/docs/CCPV%20-%20The%20Bangsamoro%20Struggle%20for%20Self-Determination%20-%20A%20Case%20Study%20-%20By%20Caecilia%20Noble.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2020</span> – via manoa.hawaii.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bangsamoro+Struggle+for+Self-Determintation%3A+A+Case+Study&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanoa.hawaii.edu%2Fccpv%2Fassets%2Fdocs%2FCCPV%2520-%2520The%2520Bangsamoro%2520Struggle%2520for%2520Self-Determination%2520-%2520A%2520Case%2520Study%2520-%2520By%2520Caecilia%2520Noble.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackerras_2003-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackerras_2003_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackerras_2003_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackerras_2003_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackerras2004" class="citation book cs1">Mackerras, Colin, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mi6DAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA143"><i>Ethnicity in Asia</i></a>. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-38046-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-38046-0"><bdi>0-203-38046-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnicity+in+Asia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-203-38046-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMi6DAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1980" class="citation book cs1">George, T. J. S. (1980). <i>Revolt in Mindanao: The Rise of Islam in Philippine Politics</i>. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-580429-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-580429-5"><bdi>0-19-580429-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6569089">6569089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolt+in+Mindanao%3A+The+Rise+of+Islam+in+Philippine+Politics&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6569089&rft.isbn=0-19-580429-5&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=T.+J.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodis2015" class="citation news cs1">Rodis, Rodel (January 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnation.inquirer.net/118130/remembering-the-first-quarter-storm">"Remembering the First Quarter Storm"</a>. <i>Inquirer.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150131131959/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/118130/remembering-the-first-quarter-storm/">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inquirer.net&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+First+Quarter+Storm&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Rodis&rft.aufirst=Rodel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnation.inquirer.net%2F118130%2Fremembering-the-first-quarter-storm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GazetteMLInfographic-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GazetteMLInfographic_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911040256/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/infographic-day-marcos-declared-martial-law-september-23-1972/">"Infographic: The day Marcos declared Martial Law"</a>. <i>Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph:80/featured/infographic-day-marcos-declared-martial-law-september-23-1972/">the original</a> on September 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Gazette+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=Infographic%3A+The+day+Marcos+declared+Martial+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%3A80%2Ffeatured%2Finfographic-day-marcos-declared-martial-law-september-23-1972%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BantayogProfileOrcullo-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BantayogProfileOrcullo_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181101015419/http://www.bantayog.org/orcullo-alexander-l/">"ORCULLO, Alexander L. – Bantayog ng mga Bayani"</a>. <i>Bantayog ng mga Bayani</i>. March 6, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bantayog.org/orcullo-alexander-l/">the original</a> on November 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bantayog+ng+mga+Bayani&rft.atitle=ORCULLO%2C+Alexander+L.+%E2%80%93+Bantayog+ng+mga+Bayani&rft.date=2016-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bantayog.org%2Forcullo-alexander-l%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HowieSeverino20170225-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HowieSeverino20170225_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeverino2017" class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Severino, Howie (February 25, 2017). <i>iWitness: Sino si Alex Orcullo? At Ano ang Kontribusyon niya sa People Power sa Davao?</i> (TV Documentary) (in Filipino). <a href="/wiki/GMA_News_and_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA News and Public Affairs">GMA News and Public Affairs</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iWitness%3A+Sino+si+Alex+Orcullo%3F+At+Ano+ang+Kontribusyon+niya+sa+People+Power+sa+Davao%3F&rft.pub=GMA+News+and+Public+Affairs&rft.date=2017-02-25&rft.aulast=Severino&rft.aufirst=Howie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BantayogProfileAmatong-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BantayogProfileAmatong_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616021217/https://www.bantayog.org/amatong-jacobo-s/">"MARTYRS & HEROES: Amatong, Jacobo S."</a> <i>Bantayog ng mga Bayani</i>. October 11, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bantayog.org/amatong-jacobo-s/">the original</a> on June 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bantayog+ng+mga+Bayani&rft.atitle=MARTYRS+%26+HEROES%3A+Amatong%2C+Jacobo+S.&rft.date=2015-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bantayog.org%2Famatong-jacobo-s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maslog1993-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maslog1993_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslog1993" class="citation book cs1">Maslog, Crispin C. (1993). <i>The rise and fall of Philippine community newspapers</i>. Intramuros, Manila: Published by the Philippine Press Institute with funding from Konrad Adenauer Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-8703-09-8" title="Special:BookSources/971-8703-09-8"><bdi>971-8703-09-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29830136">29830136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+Philippine+community+newspapers&rft.place=Intramuros%2C+Manila&rft.pub=Published+by+the+Philippine+Press+Institute+with+funding+from+Konrad+Adenauer+Foundation&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29830136&rft.isbn=971-8703-09-8&rft.aulast=Maslog&rft.aufirst=Crispin+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantillan2015" class="citation journal cs1">Santillan, Karina R. (2015). "Livelihoods for Women in Mindanao: A Post-Conflict Reconstruction Approach". <i><a href="/wiki/Asian_Journal_of_Women%27s_Studies" title="Asian Journal of Women's Studies">Asian Journal of Women's Studies</a></i>. <b>21</b> (1): 19–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F12259276.2015.1029232">10.1080/12259276.2015.1029232</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153206038">153206038</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Journal+of+Women%27s+Studies&rft.atitle=Livelihoods+for+Women+in+Mindanao%3A+A+Post-Conflict+Reconstruction+Approach&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-39&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F12259276.2015.1029232&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153206038%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Santillan&rft.aufirst=Karina+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200124062454/https://pcoo.gov.ph/duterte-declares-martial-law-in-mindanao-cuts-short-russia-trip%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8-moscow-russia/">"Duterte Declares Martial Law in Mindanao, Cuts Short Russia Trip Moscow, Russia"</a>. <i>Presidential Communications Operations Office</i>. May 24, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pcoo.gov.ph/duterte-declares-martial-law-in-mindanao-cuts-short-russia-trip%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8-moscow-russia/">the original</a> on January 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Communications+Operations+Office&rft.atitle=Duterte+Declares+Martial+Law+in+Mindanao%2C+Cuts+Short+Russia+Trip+Moscow%2C+Russia&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpcoo.gov.ph%2Fduterte-declares-martial-law-in-mindanao-cuts-short-russia-trip%25E2%2580%25A8%25E2%2580%25A8-moscow-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnson2017" class="citation news cs1">Unson, John (June 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711080219/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/06/13/1709614/armm-more-183500-displaced-marawi-crisis">"ARMM: More than 183,500 Displaced by Marawi Crisis"</a>. <i>Philstar.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/06/13/1709614/armm-more-183500-displaced-marawi-crisis">the original</a> on July 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philstar.com&rft.atitle=ARMM%3A+More+than+183%2C500+Displaced+by+Marawi+Crisis&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft.aulast=Unson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2017%2F06%2F13%2F1709614%2Farmm-more-183500-displaced-marawi-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorales2018" class="citation news cs1">Morales, Neil Jerome (May 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180523180447/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/23/18/a-year-after-siege-marawi-families-seek-closure">"A Year After Siege, Marawi Families Seek Closure"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/23/18/a-year-after-siege-marawi-families-seek-closure">the original</a> on May 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=A+Year+After+Siege%2C+Marawi+Families+Seek+Closure&rft.date=2018-05-23&rft.aulast=Morales&rft.aufirst=Neil+Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnews%2F05%2F23%2F18%2Fa-year-after-siege-marawi-families-seek-closure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/05/philippines-secession-attempts-force-mindanao-president-ferdinand-marcos-jr-alliance">"Philippines says it is ready to use force to quell secession attempts as Duterte row deepens"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. February 5, 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Philippines+says+it+is+ready+to+use+force+to+quell+secession+attempts+as+Duterte+row+deepens&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Ffeb%2F05%2Fphilippines-secession-attempts-force-mindanao-president-ferdinand-marcos-jr-alliance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanganiban-Perez2024" class="citation news cs1">Panganiban-Perez, Tina (January 31, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/895976/alvarez-thanks-romualdez-over-renewed-calls-for-mindanao-independence/story/">"Alvarez 'thanks' Romualdez over renewed calls for Mindanao independence"</a>. <i>GMA News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Alvarez+%27thanks%27+Romualdez+over+renewed+calls+for+Mindanao+independence&rft.date=2024-01-31&rft.aulast=Panganiban-Perez&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Ftopstories%2Fnation%2F895976%2Falvarez-thanks-romualdez-over-renewed-calls-for-mindanao-independence%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mindanao_fold-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mindanao_fold_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mindanao_fold_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mindanao_fold_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTubayan2018" class="citation web cs1">Tubayan, Elijah Joseph C. (January 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bworldonline.com/bringing-mindanao-fold/">"Bringing Mindanao Into the Fold"</a>. <i>BusinessWorld</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230757/https://www.bworldonline.com/bringing-mindanao-fold/">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessWorld&rft.atitle=Bringing+Mindanao+Into+the+Fold&rft.date=2018-01-07&rft.aulast=Tubayan&rft.aufirst=Elijah+Joseph+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bworldonline.com%2Fbringing-mindanao-fold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlama2018" class="citation news cs1">Alama, Rudolph Ian (May 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915230030/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1007686">"Davao Region Surprises with Historic 10.9% GRDP Growth in 2017"</a>. <i>Philippine Information Agency</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1007686">the original</a> on September 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Information+Agency&rft.atitle=Davao+Region+Surprises+with+Historic+10.9%25+GRDP+Growth+in+2017&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft.aulast=Alama&rft.aufirst=Rudolph+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpia.gov.ph%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1007686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190120043107/https://reserbasyon.info/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/davao.html">"Davao"</a>. <i>Reserbasyon</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reserbasyon.info/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/davao.html">the original</a> on January 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reserbasyon&rft.atitle=Davao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freserbasyon.info%2F%25e6%259c%25aa%25e5%2588%2586%25e9%25a1%259e%2Fdavao.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/?q=psgc/regions">"Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC) – Regions"</a>. <i>Philippine Statistics Authority</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.atitle=Philippine+Standard+Geographic+Code+%28PSGC%29+%E2%80%93+Regions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fclassification%2Fpsgc%2F%3Fq%3Dpsgc%2Fregions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1232948">"SC affirms Bangsamoro Organic Law; rules Sulu not part of BARMM"</a>. <i>Philippine News Agency</i>. September 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+News+Agency&rft.atitle=SC+affirms+Bangsamoro+Organic+Law%3B+rules+Sulu+not+part+of+BARMM&rft.date=2024-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1232948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA20–d-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSA20–d_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_of_Population2020" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Census of Population (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/Table%2520B%2520-%2520Population%2520and%2520Annual%2520Growth%2520Rates%2520by%2520Province%252C%2520City%252C%2520and%2520Municipality%2520-%2520By%2520Region_AGBA_rev.xlsx"><i>Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Table+B+-+Population+and+Annual+Growth+Rates+by+Province%2C+City%2C+and+Municipality+-+By+Region&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Census+of+Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fphcd%2F2022-12%2FTable%252520B%252520-%252520Population%252520and%252520Annual%252520Growth%252520Rates%252520by%252520Province%25252C%252520City%25252C%252520and%252520Municipality%252520-%252520By%252520Region_AGBA_rev.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA-NSCB-ProvinceList-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSA-NSCB-ProvinceList_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507180158/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp">"PSGC Interactive; List of Provinces"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp">the original</a> on May 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.atitle=PSGC+Interactive%3B+List+of+Provinces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nscb.gov.ph%2Factivestats%2Fpsgc%2Flistprov.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA-CitiesList-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSA-CitiesList_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508193801/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listcity.asp">"PSGC Interactive; List of Cities"</a>. <i>Philippine Statistics Authority</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listcity.asp">the original</a> on May 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.atitle=PSGC+Interactive%3B+List+of+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nscb.gov.ph%2Factivestats%2Fpsgc%2Flistcity.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogan2011" class="citation web cs1">Hogan, C. Michael (August 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504162440/http://www.eoearth.org/article/Sulu_Sea?topic=49523">"Sulu Sea"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Earth</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Sulu_Sea?topic=49523">the original</a> on May 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Earth&rft.atitle=Sulu+Sea&rft.date=2011-08-29&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=C.+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoearth.org%2Farticle%2FSulu_Sea%3Ftopic%3D49523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/118550/climate-change-affects-mindanao-environment-advocate-">"Climate change affects Mindanao: Environment advocate"</a>. <i>Sunstar</i>. January 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sunstar&rft.atitle=Climate+change+affects+Mindanao%3A+Environment+advocate&rft.date=2017-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunstar.com.ph%2Farticle%2F118550%2Fclimate-change-affects-mindanao-environment-advocate-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unhcr.org/ph/24073-jul2021-enews-mindanao.html">"Climate change is a threat multiplier for the forcibly displaced in Mindanao"</a>. <i>UNHCR Philippines</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNHCR+Philippines&rft.atitle=Climate+change+is+a+threat+multiplier+for+the+forcibly+displaced+in+Mindanao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fph%2F24073-jul2021-enews-mindanao.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMordeno2021" class="citation web cs1">Mordeno, H. Marcos C. (August 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/08/climate-change-closer-to-irreversible-tipping-points-ipcc/">"Climate change closer to irreversible tipping points – IPCC"</a>. <i>MindaNews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MindaNews&rft.atitle=Climate+change+closer+to+irreversible+tipping+points+%E2%80%93+IPCC&rft.date=2021-08-10&rft.aulast=Mordeno&rft.aufirst=H.+Marcos+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindanews.com%2Ftop-stories%2F2021%2F08%2Fclimate-change-closer-to-irreversible-tipping-points-ipcc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-honshu2-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-honshu2_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoquet2017" class="citation book cs1">Boquet, Yves (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=90C4DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16"><i>The Philippine Archipelago</i></a>. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-51926-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-51926-5"><bdi>978-3-319-51926-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippine+Archipelago&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-51926-5&rft.aulast=Boquet&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D90C4DgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Mindanao". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.Wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student's_Reference_Work/Mindanao"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i></a>. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Company. 1914 – via Wikisource.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mindanao&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=F.+E.+Compton+and+Company&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.Wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work%2FMindanao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalay-David2017" class="citation journal cs1">Galay-David, Karlo Antonio (September–December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/35306614">"We Who Seek to Settle Problematizing the Mindanao Settler Identity"</a>. <i>Davao Today</i> – via academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Davao+Today&rft.atitle=We+Who+Seek+to+Settle+Problematizing+the+Mindanao+Settler+Identity&rft.date=2017-09%2F2017-12&rft.aulast=Galay-David&rft.aufirst=Karlo+Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F35306614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA-PIF2020-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSA-PIF2020_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing">"Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)"</a>. <i>psa.gov.ph</i>. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. February 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=psa.gov.ph&rft.atitle=Religious+Affiliation+in+the+Philippines+%282020+Census+of+Population+and+Housing%29&rft.date=2023-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Freligious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSA_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rssoarmm.psa.gov.ph/release/54739/factsheet/muslim-population-in-mindanao-%28based-on-popcen-2015%29">"Muslim Population in Mindanao (Based on POPCEN 2015)"</a>. <i>psa.gov.ph</i>. Philippine Statistics Authority. July 26, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504160119/http://rssoarmm.psa.gov.ph/release/54739/factsheet/muslim-population-in-mindanao-(based-on-popcen-2015)">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=psa.gov.ph&rft.atitle=Muslim+Population+in+Mindanao+%28Based+on+POPCEN+2015%29&rft.date=2017-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frssoarmm.psa.gov.ph%2Frelease%2F54739%2Ffactsheet%2Fmuslim-population-in-mindanao-%2528based-on-popcen-2015%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180519121229/https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g674645-Activities-Siargao_Island_Surigao_del_Norte_Province_Mindanao.html">"Things to Do in Siargao Island"</a>. <i>Tripadvisor</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g674645-Activities-Siargao_Island_Surigao_del_Norte_Province_Mindanao.html">the original</a> on May 19, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tripadvisor&rft.atitle=Things+to+Do+in+Siargao+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripadvisor.com%2FAttractions-g674645-Activities-Siargao_Island_Surigao_del_Norte_Province_Mindanao.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angelotheexplorer.com/2015/06/12-places-to-explore-in-butuan-city.html">"12 Places to Explore in Butuan City"</a>. <i>Angelo The Explorer</i>. June 28, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170727090513/http://www.angelotheexplorer.com/2015/06/12-places-to-explore-in-butuan-city.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Angelo+The+Explorer&rft.atitle=12+Places+to+Explore+in+Butuan+City&rft.date=2015-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelotheexplorer.com%2F2015%2F06%2F12-places-to-explore-in-butuan-city.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706131310/http://www.dukabayresort.com/">"[Home page]"</a>. <i>Duka Bay Resort</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dukabayresort.com/">the original</a> on July 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Duka+Bay+Resort&rft.atitle=%5BHome+page%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dukabayresort.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702060442/http://www.mantangale.com/">"[Home page]"</a>. <i>Matangale Alibuag</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mantangale.com/">the original</a> on July 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Matangale+Alibuag&rft.atitle=%5BHome+page%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mantangale.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701090237/http://www.cagayandeoro.gov.ph/about-cdo/tourism/tourist-spots">"Tourism"</a>. <i>Cagayan de Oro</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cagayandeoro.gov.ph/about-cdo/tourism/tourist-spots">the original</a> on July 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cagayan+de+Oro&rft.atitle=Tourism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcagayandeoro.gov.ph%2Fabout-cdo%2Ftourism%2Ftourist-spots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708021440/http://dahilayanadventurepark.com/">"[Home page]"</a>. <i>Dahilayan Adventure Park</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dahilayanadventurepark.com/">the original</a> on July 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dahilayan+Adventure+Park&rft.atitle=%5BHome+page%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdahilayanadventurepark.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719182304/http://www.iligan.gov.ph/about-iligan/places-to-see/">"Places to See"</a>. <i>Iligan City Government</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iligan.gov.ph/about-iligan/places-to-see/">the original</a> on July 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iligan+City+Government&rft.atitle=Places+to+See&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iligan.gov.ph%2Fabout-iligan%2Fplaces-to-see%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepinaysolobackpacker.com/zamboanga-city-tourist-spots/">"Things to do in Zamboanga City"</a>. <i>The Pinay Solo Backpacker</i>. January 3, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726164937/http://www.thepinaysolobackpacker.com/zamboanga-city-tourist-spots/">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pinay+Solo+Backpacker&rft.atitle=Things+to+do+in+Zamboanga+City&rft.date=2017-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepinaysolobackpacker.com%2Fzamboanga-city-tourist-spots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729034700/http://www.tacurong.gov.ph/destinations/">"Attractions"</a>. <i>Official Website of the City Government of Tacurong</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tacurong.gov.ph/destinations/">the original</a> on July 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Website+of+the+City+Government+of+Tacurong&rft.atitle=Attractions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tacurong.gov.ph%2Fdestinations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519054342/https://wayph.com/top-50-tourist-destinations-in-davao-city">"Top 50 Must-visit Tourist Destinations in Davao City"</a>. <i>WayPH.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayph.com/top-50-tourist-destinations-in-davao-city">the original</a> on May 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WayPH.com&rft.atitle=Top+50+Must-visit+Tourist+Destinations+in+Davao+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwayph.com%2Ftop-50-tourist-destinations-in-davao-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColina2016" class="citation news cs1">Colina, Antonio L. IV (January 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2016/01/dlpc-eyeing-other-power-sources-as-dry-spell-worsens/">"DLPC Eyeing Other Power Sources as Dry Spell Worsens"</a>. <i>MindaNews</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010160747/http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2016/01/dlpc-eyeing-other-power-sources-as-dry-spell-worsens/">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MindaNews&rft.atitle=DLPC+Eyeing+Other+Power+Sources+as+Dry+Spell+Worsens&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft.aulast=Colina&rft.aufirst=Antonio+L.+IV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindanews.com%2Ftop-stories%2F2016%2F01%2Fdlpc-eyeing-other-power-sources-as-dry-spell-worsens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalderon2013" class="citation news cs1">Calderon, Justin (March 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investvine.com/mindanao-to-face-higher-power-prices/">"Mindanao to Face Higher Power Prices"</a>. <i>Investvine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130315042419/http://investvine.com/mindanao-to-face-higher-power-prices/">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investvine&rft.atitle=Mindanao+to+Face+Higher+Power+Prices&rft.date=2013-03-12&rft.aulast=Calderon&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investvine.com%2Fmindanao-to-face-higher-power-prices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-power1-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-power1_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-power1_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalderon2013" class="citation news cs1">Calderon, Justin (January 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investvine.com/mindanao-power-problem-close-to-solution/">"Mindanao Power Problem Close to Solution"</a>. Investvine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130131220625/http://investvine.com/mindanao-power-problem-close-to-solution/">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mindanao+Power+Problem+Close+to+Solution&rft.date=2013-01-30&rft.aulast=Calderon&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestvine.com%2Fmindanao-power-problem-close-to-solution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mumbainews.net/news/265762115/despite-pandemic-mindanao-film-festival-will-push-thru-this-year">"Despite Pandemic, Mindanao Film Festival Will Push Thru This Year"</a>. <i>MumbaiNews.net</i>. Philippine Information Agency. July 14, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226192155/https://www.mumbainews.net/news/265762115/despite-pandemic-mindanao-film-festival-will-push-thru-this-year">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MumbaiNews.net&rft.atitle=Despite+Pandemic%2C+Mindanao+Film+Festival+Will+Push+Thru+This+Year&rft.date=2020-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mumbainews.net%2Fnews%2F265762115%2Fdespite-pandemic-mindanao-film-festival-will-push-thru-this-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindanao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mindanao#Q124873" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Mindanao">Mindanao</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/mindanao" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/mindanao">mindanao</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mindanao" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mindanao">Mindanao</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></i> article "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Mindanao" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Mindanao">Mindanao</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/4098808">Mindanao</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minda.gov.ph/">Mindanao Development Authority Official Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916125130/http://minda.gov.ph/">Archived</a> September 16, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_40_largest_islands_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islands_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Islands of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islands_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Islands of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islands_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islands of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_40_largest_islands_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The 40 largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">islands of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabat_Island" title="Alabat Island">Alabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balabac_Island" title="Balabac Island">Balabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biliran" title="Biliran">Biliran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucas_Grande" title="Bucas Grande">Bucas Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugsuk" title="Bugsuk">Bugsuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burias_(island)" title="Burias (island)">Burias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busuanga_Island" title="Busuanga Island">Busuanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calayan_Island" title="Calayan Island">Calayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camiguin_de_Babuyanes" title="Camiguin de Babuyanes">Camiguin de Babuyanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culion" title="Culion">Culion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Island" title="Dinagat Island">Dinagat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumaran_Island" title="Dumaran Island">Dumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimaras" title="Guimaras">Guimaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolo" title="Jolo">Jolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubang_Island" title="Lubang Island">Lubang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate_Island" title="Masbate Island">Masbate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros" title="Negros">Negros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olutanga" title="Olutanga">Olutanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_(island)" title="Palawan (island)">Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaon_Island" title="Panaon Island">Panaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polillo_Island" title="Polillo Island">Polillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samal,_Davao_del_Norte" title="Samal, Davao del Norte">Samal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samar" title="Samar">Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siargao" title="Siargao">Siargao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibuyan_Island" title="Sibuyan Island">Sibuyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siquijor" title="Siquijor">Siquijor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablas_Island" title="Tablas Island">Tablas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi_Island" title="Tawi-Tawi Island">Tawitawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticao_Island" title="Ticao Island">Ticao</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Geography of the Philippines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups of the Philippines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands">List of islands</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_largest_islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Template:World's largest islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Template talk:World's largest islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's largest islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_largest_islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">World's largest islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000 km<sup>2</sup><br />(38,610 sq mi) and greater</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Madagascar" title="Geography of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Island" title="Victoria Island">Victoria Island</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island">Ellesmere Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cuba" title="Geography of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iceland" title="Geography of Iceland">Iceland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20,000–99,999 km<sup>2</sup><br />(7,722–38,610 sq mi)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banks_Island" title="Banks Island">Banks Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tasmania" title="Geography of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Island" title="Devon Island">Devon Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Island" title="Alexander Island">Alexander Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severny_Island" title="Severny Island">Severny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Grande_de_Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego">Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Island_(Northwest_Territories_and_Nunavut)" title="Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)">Melville Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Island" title="Southampton Island">Southampton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraj%C3%B3" title="Marajó">Marajó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Prince of Wales Island (Nunavut)">Prince of Wales Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhny_Island" title="Yuzhny Island">Yuzhny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan#Geography" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily#Geography" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Somerset Island (Nunavut)">Somerset Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotelny_Island" title="Kotelny Island">Kotelny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia#Geography" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bananal_Island" title="Bananal Island">Bananal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x22px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Administrative divisions of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x22px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">Administrative divisions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_the_Philippines" title="Capital of the Philippines">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> (<a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">National Capital Region</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Philippines"><img alt="Map of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg/80px-Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg/120px-Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg/160px-Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="6105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mindanao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">I – Ilocos Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">II – Cagayan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">III – Central Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">IV-A – Calabarzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimaropa" title="Mimaropa">Mimaropa – Southwestern Tagalog Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">V – Bicol Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Visayas" title="Western Visayas">VI – Western Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Visayas" title="Central Visayas">VII – Central Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Visayas" title="Eastern Visayas">VIII – Eastern Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">IX – Zamboanga Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">X – Northern Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">XI – Davao Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">XII – Soccsksargen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">XIII – Caraga Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">NCR – National Capital Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Island_Region" title="Negros Island Region">NIR – Negros Island Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Autonomous regions of the Philippines">Autonomous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">BARMM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklan" title="Aklan">Aklan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique_(province)" title="Antique (province)">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apayao" title="Apayao">Apayao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(province)" title="Aurora (province)">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biliran" title="Biliran">Biliran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Norte" title="Camarines Norte">Camarines Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro">Davao de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental">Davao Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Samar" title="Eastern Samar">Eastern Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimaras" title="Guimaras">Guimaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao" title="Ifugao">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(province)" title="Kalinga (province)">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyte_(province)" title="Leyte (province)">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Occidental" title="Negros Occidental">Negros Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Oriental" title="Negros Oriental">Negros Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Samar" title="Northern Samar">Northern Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Mindoro" title="Occidental Mindoro">Occidental Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Mindoro" title="Oriental Mindoro">Oriental Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samar_(province)" title="Samar (province)">Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siquijor" title="Siquijor">Siquijor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorsogon" title="Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Leyte" title="Southern Leyte">Southern Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cities in the Philippines">List of cities in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_municipalities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines">List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_barangays_in_Philippine_provinces" title="Category:Lists of barangays in Philippine provinces">Lists of barangays by province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacion" title="Poblacion">Poblacion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purok" title="Purok">Puroks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitio" title="Sitio">Sitios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_primary_local_government_units_of_the_Philippines" title="List of primary local government units of the Philippines">List of primary LGUs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_the_Philippines" title="Legislative districts of the Philippines">Legislative districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_the_Philippines" title="List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Geographic_Area" title="Special Geographic Area">Special Geographic Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines#Formally_proposed_provinces" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Formally proposed provinces</a></li> <li>Autonomous regions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_autonomy_movement" title="Cordillera autonomy movement">Cordillera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_former_provinces_and_cities" title="Template:Philippines former provinces and cities">Former provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Sub-provinces of the Philippines">Sub-provinces</a></li> <li>Regions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tagalog" title="Southern Tagalog">Southern Tagalog</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Island groups of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Island groups of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Island groups of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mindanao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124873#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124873#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124873#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/246116894">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4100996-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85085493">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629316">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mindanao (Filipíny : ostrov)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1217705&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536130805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046201">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&oldid=1256892295">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&oldid=1256892295</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mindanao" title="Category:Mindanao">Mindanao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups of the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Islands of the Philippines">Islands of the Philippines</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_foreign_language_sources_(ISO_639-2)" title="Category:CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)">CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2022">Use mdy dates from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Philippine_English_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use Philippine English from July 2020">Use Philippine English from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Philippine_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Philippine English">All Wikipedia articles written in Philippine English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Maguindanaon-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Maguindanaon-language text">Articles containing Maguindanaon-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Maranao-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Maranao-language text">Articles containing Maranao-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Tausug-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Tausug-language text">Articles containing Tausug-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_text_in_Manobo_languages" title="Category:Articles with text in Manobo languages">Articles with text in Manobo languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Central_Subanen-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Central Subanen-language text">Articles containing Central Subanen-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_December_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2020">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_June_2015" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from December 2021">Articles lacking reliable references from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_April_2020" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from April 2020">Articles with failed verification from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2020" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2020">Articles needing additional references from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_August_2020" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from August 2020">Articles lacking reliable references from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_October_2019" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2019">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2013" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2013">Articles needing additional references from September 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_image_label_with_a_wide_image" title="Category:Pages using image label with a wide image">Pages using image label with a wide image</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_largest_cities_with_class" title="Category:Pages using largest cities with class">Pages using largest cities with class</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_July_2017" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2017">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 November 2024, at 02:24<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mindanao&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-96sb8","wgBackendResponseTime":216,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.606","walltime":"2.235","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19603,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":427239,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":44020,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":36,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":337641,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1726.323 1 -total"," 18.94% 327.038 1 Template:Infobox_islands"," 18.45% 318.550 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.71% 305.729 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.85% 169.967 28 Template:Flag"," 6.93% 119.716 35 Template:Cite_web"," 5.76% 99.449 1 Template:Ubl"," 5.12% 88.328 5 Template:Native_name"," 4.61% 79.667 1 Template:PH_census"," 4.29% 73.981 1 Template:Cite_encyclopedia"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.789","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20638776,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jgfr2","timestamp":"20241122140456","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mindanao","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mindanao","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q124873","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q124873","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-15T14:48:52Z","dateModified":"2024-11-12T02:24:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c5\/Mindanao_Sentinel-2_MSI_2019_cloudless_composite.jpg","headline":"second largest island of the Philippines"}</script> </body> </html>