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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Connection from broadcast studio to radio transmitter</div> <p>A <b>studio transmitter link</b> (<b>STL</b>) sends a <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio station</a>'s or <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television station</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">audio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcast</a> <a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">studio</a> or origination facility to a <a href="/wiki/Radio_transmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio transmitter">radio transmitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">television transmitter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ground_station" title="Ground station">uplink facility</a> in another location.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is accomplished through the use of terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Microwave_transmission" title="Microwave transmission">microwave links</a> or by using fiber optic or other telecommunication connections to the transmitter site. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Link">Link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studio_transmitter_link&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Link"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is often necessary because the best locations for an <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(electronics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antenna (electronics)">antenna</a> are on top of a mountain, where a much shorter <a href="/wiki/Radio_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio tower">radio tower</a> is required, but where locating a studio may be impractical. Even in flat regions, the center of the station's allowed coverage area may not be near the studio location or may lie within a populated area where a transmitter would be <a href="/wiki/NIMBY" title="NIMBY">frowned upon by the community</a>, so the antenna must be placed at a distance from the studio. </p><p>Depending on the locations that must be connected, a station may choose either a <a href="/wiki/Point-to-point_(telecommunications)" title="Point-to-point (telecommunications)">point to point</a> (PTP) link on another special <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">radio frequency</a>, or a newer all-<a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_(broadcasting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital signal (broadcasting)">digital</a> wired link via a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Data_transmission_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Data transmission circuit">data transmission circuit</a>. Radio links can also be digital, or the older <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog</a> type, or a <a href="/wiki/In-band_on-channel" title="In-band on-channel">hybrid</a> of the two. Even on older all-analog systems, multiple audio and data channels can be sent using <a href="/wiki/Subcarrier" title="Subcarrier">subcarriers</a>. </p><p>Stations that employ an STL usually also have a <i>transmitter/studio link</i> (TSL) to return <a href="/wiki/Telemetry" title="Telemetry">telemetry</a> information. Both the STL and TSL are considered <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_auxiliary_service" title="Broadcast auxiliary service">broadcast auxiliary services</a> (BAS). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transmitter/studio_link"><span id="Transmitter.2Fstudio_link"></span>Transmitter/studio link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studio_transmitter_link&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Transmitter/studio link"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>transmitter/studio link</b> (or <b>TSL</b>) of a <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio station</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television station</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Return_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Return link">return link</a> which sends <a href="/wiki/Telemetry" title="Telemetry">telemetry</a> data from the remotely located <a href="/wiki/Radio_transmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio transmitter">radio transmitter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">television transmitter</a> back to the studio for monitoring purposes. The TSL may return the same way as the STL, or it can be embedded in the station's regular <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcast</a> signal as a subcarrier (for analog stations) or a separate <a href="/wiki/Data_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Data channel">data channel</a> (for digital stations). </p><p>Analog or digital data such as transmitter <a href="/wiki/Electrical_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical power">power</a>, temperature, <a href="/wiki/VSWR" class="mw-redirect" title="VSWR">VSWR</a>, voltage, modulation level, and other status information are returned so that <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_engineering" title="Broadcast engineering">broadcast engineering</a> staff can correct any problems as soon as possible. These data may be attended to by an <a href="/wiki/Automated_transmission_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated transmission system">automated transmission system</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studio_transmitter_link&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound-in-Syncs" title="Sound-in-Syncs">Sound-in-Syncs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_studio" title="Television studio">Television studio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studio_transmitter_link&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSkip.2014" class="citation book cs1">Skip., Pizzi (2014). <i>A Broadcast Engineering Tutorial for Non-Engineers</i>. Jones, Graham (Electrical engineer) (4th ed.). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317906834" title="Special:BookSources/9781317906834"><bdi>9781317906834</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/879025861">879025861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Broadcast+Engineering+Tutorial+for+Non-Engineers.&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F879025861&rft.isbn=9781317906834&rft.aulast=Skip.&rft.aufirst=Pizzi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStudio+transmitter+link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">CFR</a> Title 47: <a href="/wiki/Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a> Part 74—Experimental Radio, Auxiliary, Special Broadcast and Other Program Distributional Services</li> <li>CFR Title 47: Telecommunication Chapter I—Federal Communications Commission Subchapter C—Part 73—Broadcast Radio Services</li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Studio_transmitter_link&oldid=1250690369">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Studio_transmitter_link&oldid=1250690369</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Broadcast_transmitters" title="Category:Broadcast transmitters">Broadcast transmitters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Broadcast_engineering" title="Category:Broadcast engineering">Broadcast engineering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_terminology" title="Category:Television terminology">Television terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 October 2024, at 22:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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