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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Field of engineering dealing with radio and television broadcasting</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Radio engineering" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_engineering" title="Radio-frequency engineering">Radio-frequency engineering</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Broadcast engineering</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Broadcast engineer <p>Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">design engineer</a><br /> Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineer</a><br /> Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> engineer<br /> Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineer</a><br /> Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Network_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Network engineer">network engineer</a><br /> Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Maintenance_engineering" title="Maintenance engineering">maintenance engineer</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Video</a> broadcast engineer<br /> <a href="/wiki/Television_studio" title="Television studio">TV studio</a> broadcast engineer<br /> <a href="/wiki/Outside_broadcasting" title="Outside broadcasting">Outside broadcast</a> engineer<br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Remote_broadcast" title="Remote broadcast">Remote broadcast</a> engineer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Profession" title="Profession">profession</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Competencies</th><td class="infobox-data">Technical knowledge, Management skills, Professionalism</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Education required</div></th><td class="infobox-data">see <a href="#Qualifications">professional requirements</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Fields of<br />employment</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related jobs</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Engineering_technologist" title="Engineering technologist">Technologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/RF_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="RF engineer">RF engineer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering_technician" title="Engineering technician">engineering technician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technical_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical operator">Technical operator</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Broadcast engineering</b> or <b>radio engineering</b> is the field of <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>, and now to some extent <a href="/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">computer engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, which deals with <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting</a>. <a href="/wiki/Audio_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio engineering">Audio engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/RF_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="RF engineering">RF engineering</a> are also essential parts of broadcast engineering, being their own <a href="/wiki/Subset" title="Subset">subsets</a> of electrical engineering. </p><p>Broadcast engineering involves both the <a href="/wiki/Television_studio" title="Television studio">studio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">transmitter</a> aspects (the entire <a href="/wiki/Airchain" title="Airchain">airchain</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/Remote_broadcast" title="Remote broadcast">remote broadcasts</a>. Every <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_network" title="Broadcast network">station</a> has a broadcast <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineer</a>, though one may now serve an entire station group in a city. In small <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">media markets</a> the engineer may work on a <a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">contract</a> basis for one or more stations as needed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duties">Duties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern duties of a broadcast engineer include maintaining <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_automation" title="Broadcast automation">broadcast automation</a> systems for the studio and <a href="/wiki/Automatic_transmission_system" title="Automatic transmission system">automatic transmission systems</a> for the transmitter <a href="/wiki/Physical_plant" title="Physical plant">plant</a>. There are also important duties regarding <a href="/wiki/Radio_masts_and_towers" title="Radio masts and towers">radio towers</a>, which must be <a href="/wiki/Preventive_maintenance" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive maintenance">maintained</a> with proper <a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">lighting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>. Occasionally a station's engineer must deal with <a href="/wiki/Complaint" title="Complaint">complaints</a> of <a href="/wiki/RF_interference" class="mw-redirect" title="RF interference">RF interference</a>, particularly after a station has made changes to its transmission facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles">Titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Broadcast engineers may have varying titles depending on their level of <a href="/wiki/Expert" title="Expert">expertise</a> and field specialty. Some widely used titles include: </p> <ul><li>Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">design engineer</a></li> <li>Broadcast Integration Engineer</li> <li>Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineer</a></li> <li>Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> engineer</li> <li>Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineer</a></li> <li>Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Network_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Network engineer">network engineer</a></li> <li>Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Maintenance_engineering" title="Maintenance engineering">maintenance engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_technician" title="Broadcast technician">Broadcast technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Video</a> broadcast engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_studio" title="Television studio">TV studio</a> broadcast engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outside_broadcasting" title="Outside broadcasting">Outside broadcast</a> engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_broadcast" title="Remote broadcast">Remote broadcast</a> engineer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Broadcast engineers may need to possess some or all of the following <a href="/wiki/Degree_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="Degree (education)">degrees</a>, depending on the broadcast technical environment. If one of the formal qualifications is not present, a related degree or equivalent professional experience is desirable. </p> <ul><li>Degree in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a></li> <li>Degree in <a href="/wiki/Electronic_engineering" title="Electronic engineering">electronic engineering</a></li> <li>Degree in <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_engineering" title="Telecommunications engineering">telecommunications engineering</a></li> <li>Degree in <a href="/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">computer engineering</a></li> <li>Degree in <a href="/wiki/Management_information_system" title="Management information system">management information system</a></li> <li>Degree in broadcast technology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knowledge">Knowledge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Knowledge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Broadcast engineers are generally required to know the following areas, from conventional video broadcast systems to modern Information Technology: </p> <ul><li>Conventional broadcast <ul><li>Audio/Video <a href="/wiki/Instrumentation" title="Instrumentation">instrumentation</a> <a href="/wiki/Measurement" title="Measurement">measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseband" title="Baseband">Baseband</a> <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> – standard / <a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">high-definition</a></li> <li>Broadcast studio <a href="/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics">acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_studio" title="Television studio">Television studios</a> - broadcast <a href="/wiki/Video_camera" title="Video camera">video cameras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">camera lenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_mixer" title="Vision mixer">Production switcher</a> (Video mixer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Audio mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Recording engineer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Broadcast IT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Video compression">Video compression</a> - <a href="/wiki/DV25" class="mw-redirect" title="DV25">DV25</a>, <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a> or <a href="/wiki/ATSC_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC Standards">ATSC</a> (or <a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a>)</li> <li>Digital server <a href="/wiki/Playout" title="Playout">playout</a> technologies. - <a href="/wiki/VDCP" class="mw-redirect" title="VDCP">VDCP</a>, Louth, <a href="/wiki/Harris_Corporation" title="Harris Corporation">Harris</a>, control protocols</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_automation" title="Broadcast automation">Broadcast automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_storage" title="Disk storage">Disk storage</a> – <a href="/wiki/RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a> / <a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">NAS</a> / <a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">SAN</a> technologies.</li> <li>Archives – <a href="/wiki/Tape_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Tape archive">Tape archives</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grid_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Grid storage">grid storage</a> technologies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer networking">Computer networking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a> – <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> / <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> / <a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">RTOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Post production">Post production</a> – <a href="/wiki/Video_capture" title="Video capture">video capture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-linear_editing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-linear editing system">non-linear editing systems</a> (NLEs).</li></ul></li> <li>RF <ul><li>RF <a href="/wiki/Satellite_uplink" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite uplink">satellite uplinking</a> – High-powered amplifiers (HPA)</li> <li>RF <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">communications satellite</a> <a href="/wiki/Downlink" class="mw-redirect" title="Downlink">downlinking</a> – Band detection, <a href="/wiki/Carrier_wave" title="Carrier wave">carrier</a> detection and <a href="/wiki/Integrated_receiver/decoder" title="Integrated receiver/decoder">IRD</a> tuning, etc.</li> <li>RF transmitter maintenance - IOT UHF transmitters, solid-state VHF transmitters, solid-state MF transmitters (AM radio), tube type VHF, and MF transmitters. Antennas, transmission lines, high power filters, digital modulators, towers, tower lighting systems, and backup generators.</li></ul></li> <li>Health and safety <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">Fire suppression</a> systems like <a href="/wiki/1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane" title="1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane">FM 200</a>.</li> <li>Basic <a href="/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">structural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">RF</a> hazard mitigation</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Above mentioned requirements vary from station to station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digital_engineering">Digital engineering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Digital engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conversion to <a href="/wiki/Digital_data" title="Digital data">digital</a> broadcasting means broadcast engineers must now be well-versed in <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">digital radio</a>, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analogue</a> principles. New equipment from the transmitter to the <a href="/wiki/Radio_antenna" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio antenna">radio antenna</a> to the receiver may be encountered by engineers new to the field. Furthermore, modern techniques place a greater demand on an engineer's expertise, such as <a href="/wiki/Sharing" title="Sharing">sharing</a> <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast tower">broadcast towers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Radio_antenna" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio antenna">radio antennas</a> among different stations (<a href="/wiki/Diplexing" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplexing">diplexing</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">Digital audio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_video" title="Digital video">digital video</a> have revolutionized broadcast engineering in many respects.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broadcast <a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">studios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Control_room" title="Control room">control rooms</a> are now already digital in large part, using <a href="/wiki/Non-linear_editing" title="Non-linear editing">non-linear editing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processing" title="Digital signal processing">digital signal processing</a> for what used to take a great deal of time or money, if it was even possible at all. <a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Mixing consoles</a> for both <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">audio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> are continuing to become more digital in the 2000s, as is the <a href="/wiki/Computer_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer storage">computer storage</a> used to keep digital media <a href="/wiki/Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Libraries">libraries</a>. <a href="/wiki/Insert_(effects_processing)" title="Insert (effects processing)">Effects processing</a> and TV graphics can now be realized much more easily and professionally as well. </p><p>With the broadcast industry's shift to IP-based production and content delivery technology not only the production technology and workflows are changing, but also the requirements for broadcast engineers, which now include <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP-networking</a> knowhow.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other devices used in broadcast engineering are <a href="/wiki/Telephone_hybrid" title="Telephone hybrid">telephone hybrids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_delay" title="Broadcast delay">broadcast delays</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dead_air" title="Dead air">dead air</a> <a href="/wiki/Alarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Alarm">alarms</a>. See the <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering" title="Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering">Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering</a> for further explanations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>SET – Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia de Televisão e Telecomunicações, Brazilian Society of Television and Telecommunications Engineering, <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Central Canada Broadcast Engineers (CCBE), <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Western Association of Broadcast Engineers (WABE), <a href="/wiki/Calgary,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary, Alberta">Calgary, Alberta</a>, Canada <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IEEE Broadcast Technology Society (BTS) – Ottawa Section, Canada <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>FKTG – Fernseh- und Kinotechnische Gesellschaft e.V., <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Broadcast Engineering Society – BES (India), <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Iran Broadcasting University <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, Tehran (plus two campuses in <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> Council</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Asociación Mexicana de Ingenieros y Técnicos en Radiodifusión A.C. (AMITRA), Delegación <a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Benito Juárez</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9xico" class="mw-redirect" title="México">México</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China_(PRC)"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China_.28PRC.29"></span>People's Republic of China (PRC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China (PRC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>China Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, China<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IEEE Broadcast Technology Society (BTS) – <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> Section, China<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IEEE Broadcast Technology Society (BTS) – <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> Section, China</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China_–_Hong_Kong"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China_.E2.80.93_Hong_Kong"></span>People's Republic of China – Hong Kong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China – Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers-(Hong Kong) Section, 電影電視工程師協會香港分會 <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Society of Broadcast Engineers Hong Kong Chapter, 廣播工程師協會香港分會 <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hong Kong Televisioners Association (HKTVA), 香港電視專業人員協會 Hong Kong<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Society of Broadcast Engineers and Technicians of the Philippines, Inc. (SBETP), <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China_–_Taiwan"><span id="Republic_of_China_.E2.80.93_Taiwan"></span>Republic of China – Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Republic of China – Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>IEEE Broadcast Technology Society (BTS) – <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> Section</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Park" title="Auckland Park">Auckland Park</a>, Johannesburg, South Africa,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Korean Broadcast Engineers & Technicians Association (KOBETA), <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea (ROK)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Electrical_Engineers_of_Turkey" title="Chamber of Electrical Engineers of Turkey">Chamber of Electrical Engineers</a> (EMO)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Joint chamber of electrical, electronics and biomedical engineers)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, many broadcast engineers belong to the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Broadcast_Engineers" title="Society of Broadcast Engineers">Society of Broadcast Engineers</a> (SBE).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some may also belong to the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a> (SMPTE),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to organizations of related fields, such as the <a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a> or <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> (IEEE) <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Broadcast_Technology_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Broadcast Technology Society">IEEE Broadcast Technology Society</a> (BTS). </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Public_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Public radio">public radio</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Public_Radio_Engineers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Public Radio Engineers (page does not exist)">Association of Public Radio Engineers</a> was created in late May 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANDEBU" class="mw-redirect" title="ANDEBU">ANDEBU</a> – Asociación Nacional de Broadcasters Uruguayos, <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_publications">Notable publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notable publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadcastbeat.com"><i>Broadcast Beat</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_(magazine)" title="Radio (magazine)">Radio</a></i> (formerly <i><a href="/wiki/BE_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="BE Radio">BE Radio</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_World" title="Radio World">Radio World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TV_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Technology">TV Technology</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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operator">Technical operator</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_engineering&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/portal/site">the original</a> on 2008-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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