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The advent of markets and monetization in egalitarian indigenous populations presents an alternative means of managing risk, with the potential impact of" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/37905717/11577487/12911476/s200_michael.gurven.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/14820434/Does_Market_Integration_Buffer_Risk_Erode_Traditional_Sharing_Practices_and_Increase_Inequality_A_Test_among_Bolivian_Forager_Farmers" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? A Test among Bolivian Forager-Farmers" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Sharing and exchange are common practices for minimizing food insecurity in rural populations. The advent of markets and monetization in egalitarian indigenous populations presents an alternative means of managing risk, with the potential impact of" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ucsb.academia.edu/MichaelGurven" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://richmond.academia.edu/ChrisvonRueden" /> <meta name="description" content="Sharing and exchange are common practices for minimizing food insecurity in rural populations. The advent of markets and monetization in egalitarian indigenous populations presents an alternative means of managing risk, with the potential impact of" /> <title>(PDF) Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? A Test among Bolivian Forager-Farmers | Michael Gurven and Chris von Rueden - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/14820434/Does_Market_Integration_Buffer_Risk_Erode_Traditional_Sharing_Practices_and_Increase_Inequality_A_Test_among_Bolivian_Forager_Farmers" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732821025000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732821025000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Sharing and exchange are common practices for minimizing food insecurity in rural populations. The advent of markets and monetization in egalitarian indigenous populations presents an alternative means of managing risk, with the potential impact of eroding traditional networks. We test whether market involvement buffers several types of risk and reduces traditional sharing behavior among Tsimane Amerindians of the Bolivian Amazon. Results vary based on type of market integration and scale of analysis (household vs. village), consistent with the notion that local culture and ecology shape risk management strategies. Greater wealth and income were unassociated with the reliance on others for food, or on reciprocity, but wealth was associated with a greater proportion of food given to others (i.e., giving intensity) and a greater number of sharing partners (i.e., sharing breadth). Across villages, greater mean income was negatively associated with reciprocity, but economic inequality was positively associated with giving intensity and sharing breadth. Incipient market integration does not necessarily replace traditional buffering strategies but instead can often enhance social capital.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Michael Gurven"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Chris von Rueden"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Michael Gurven"}],"dateCreated":"2015-08-10","dateModified":null,"datePublished":null,"headline":"Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F14820434%2FDoes_Market_Integration_Buffer_Risk_Erode_Traditional_Sharing_Practices_and_Increase_Inequality_A_Test_among_Bolivian_Forager_Farmers%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":38433554,"identifier":"Attachment_38433554","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":14820434,"created_at":"2015-08-10T06:24:05.911-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-12T07:31:18.564-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Sharing and exchange are common practices for minimizing food insecurity in rural populations. The advent of markets and monetization in egalitarian indigenous populations presents an alternative means of managing risk, with the potential impact of eroding traditional networks. We test whether market involvement buffers several types of risk and reduces traditional sharing behavior among Tsimane Amerindians of the Bolivian Amazon. Results vary based on type of market integration and scale of analysis (household vs. village), consistent with the notion that local culture and ecology shape risk management strategies. Greater wealth and income were unassociated with the reliance on others for food, or on reciprocity, but wealth was associated with a greater proportion\nof food given to others (i.e., giving intensity) and a greater number of sharing partners (i.e., sharing breadth). Across villages, greater mean income was negatively associated with\nreciprocity, but economic inequality was positively associated\nwith giving intensity and sharing breadth. Incipient market\nintegration does not necessarily replace traditional buffering\nstrategies but instead can often enhance social capital."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? A Test among Bolivian Forager-Farmers","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [37905717,2116889]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":38433554,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? A Test among Bolivian Forager-Farmers”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/38433554/mini_magick20190225-10392-1mlm5fz.png?1551107774" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? A Test among Bolivian Forager-Farmers</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37905717" href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/MichaelGurven"><img alt="Profile image of Michael Gurven" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/37905717/11577487/12911476/s65_michael.gurven.jpg" />Michael Gurven</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2116889" href="https://richmond.academia.edu/ChrisvonRueden"><img alt="Profile image of Chris von Rueden" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2116889/687489/11792620/s65_chris.von_rueden.jpg" />Chris von Rueden</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Sharing and exchange are common practices for minimizing food insecurity in rural populations. The advent of markets and monetization in egalitarian indigenous populations presents an alternative means of managing risk, with the potential impact of eroding traditional networks. We test whether market involvement buffers several types of risk and reduces traditional sharing behavior among Tsimane Amerindians of the Bolivian Amazon. Results vary based on type of market integration and scale of analysis (household vs. village), consistent with the notion that local culture and ecology shape risk management strategies. Greater wealth and income were unassociated with the reliance on others for food, or on reciprocity, but wealth was associated with a greater proportion of food given to others (i.e., giving intensity) and a greater number of sharing partners (i.e., sharing breadth). Across villages, greater mean income was negatively associated with reciprocity, but economic inequality was positively associated with giving intensity and sharing breadth. Incipient market integration does not necessarily replace traditional buffering strategies but instead can often enhance social capital.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":38433554,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/14820434/Does_Market_Integration_Buffer_Risk_Erode_Traditional_Sharing_Practices_and_Increase_Inequality_A_Test_among_Bolivian_Forager_Farmers"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":38433554,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/14820434/Does_Market_Integration_Buffer_Risk_Erode_Traditional_Sharing_Practices_and_Increase_Inequality_A_Test_among_Bolivian_Forager_Farmers"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="38433554" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/14820434/Does_Market_Integration_Buffer_Risk_Erode_Traditional_Sharing_Practices_and_Increase_Inequality_A_Test_among_Bolivian_Forager_Farmers" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="80982544" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80982544/Introduction_Food_insecurity_is_an_ancient_problem_with_an_ancient_solution_sharing_of_food_and_labor_among_huntergatherers_and_other_subsistence_populations_reduces_the_risk_of_variable_returns_and_production_failure">Introduction Food insecurity is an ancient problem with an ancient solution : sharing of food and labor among huntergatherers and other subsistence populations reduces the risk of variable returns and production failure</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2116889" href="https://richmond.academia.edu/ChrisvonRueden">Chris von Rueden</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Sharing and exchange are common practices for minimizing food insecurity in rural populations. The advent of markets and monetization in egalitarian indigenous populations presents an alternative means of managing risk, with the potential impact of eroding traditional networks. We test whether market involvement buffers several types of risk and reduces traditional sharing behavior among Tsimane Amerindians of the Bolivian Amazon. Results vary based on type of market integration and scale of analysis (household vs. village), consistent with the notion that local culture and ecology shape risk management strategies. Greater wealth and income were unassociated with the reliance on others for food, or on reciprocity, but wealth was associated with a greater proportion of food given to others (i.e., giving intensity) and a greater number of sharing partners (i.e., sharing breadth). 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Panel and Cross-Sectional Data From a Horticultural-Foraging Society in the Bolivian Amazon</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23510555" href="https://independent.academia.edu/L%C3%A9onardPerez">Léonard Perez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human Ecology, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Trade theory predicts that the expansion of markets induces households to specialize and intensify production. We use plot-level data (n = 64) from a panel study of 2 village and cross-sectional data from 511 households in 59 villages of Tsimane’ Amerindians (Bolivia) to test the predictions. 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ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47297203/On_the_Measure_of_Income_and_the_Economic_Unimportance_of_Social_Capital_Evidence_from_a_Native_Amazonian_Society_of_Farmers_and_Foragers">On the Measure of Income and the Economic Unimportance of Social Capital: Evidence from a Native Amazonian Society of Farmers and Foragers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="131170" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/WilliamRLeonard">William R Leonard</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Anthropological Research, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the Measure of Income and the Economic Unimportance of Social Capital: Evidence from a Native Amazonian Society of Farmers and 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data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9725493/Small_Farmers_in_Florida_Province_Bolivia_Reciprocity_in_Practice">Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1133220" href="https://unil.academia.edu/FlorenceB%C3%A9trisey">Florence Bétrisey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Peasant societies are often seen by neoliberal or Marxist theorists as passive subjects of political-economic transformations occurring at a higher level, only surviving through acculturation to market requirements. By analyzing agricultural work organization in highland communities and a local system of water management called Acuerdos Reciprocos por el Agua (Reciprocal Agreements for Water), developed in 2003 by the Natura Bolivia foundation in Florida Province in Bolivia, we show that, contrary to this perception, traditional reciprocal norms still play an essential role in decision making. This suggests the agency of rural societies and the resilience of traditional reciprocity-based norms in mountain regions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice","attachmentId":35911937,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9725493/Small_Farmers_in_Florida_Province_Bolivia_Reciprocity_in_Practice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9725493/Small_Farmers_in_Florida_Province_Bolivia_Reciprocity_in_Practice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="72471561" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72471561/Auw%E1%BA%BD_Xavante_views_of_food_security_in_a_context_of_monetarization_of_an_indigenous_economy_in_Central_Brazil">A'uwẽ (Xavante) views of food security in a context of monetarization of an indigenous economy in Central Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25865111" href="https://fiocruz.academia.edu/JamesWelch">James R Welch</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLOS ONE, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Following boom-and-bust economic cycles provoked by Brazilian governmental attempts to integrate Indigenous peoples into national society, it is approximately since the beginning of the 2000s that Brazilian Indigenous peoples came to be viewed officially as "poor" and victims of "hunger." Consequently, the national indigenist agency and other State entities started to conceive and implement diverse initiatives that ultimately injected money and resources into Indigenous communities. In 2019 we undertook an ethnographic study in three A'uwẽ (Xavante) communities in the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve, Central Brazil, with the objective of analyzing how people understand and pursue food security. We propose that in the studied communities the complex network of A'uwẽ food reciprocity is a fundamental strategy for mitigating hunger and acute lack of food. We show that among the A'uwẽ , the hybrid economy that developed since the 1970s has proved resilient to dramatic transformations and uncertainty in the availability and characteristics of external government inputs.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A'uwẽ (Xavante) views of food security in a context of monetarization of an indigenous economy in Central Brazil","attachmentId":81385307,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72471561/Auw%E1%BA%BD_Xavante_views_of_food_security_in_a_context_of_monetarization_of_an_indigenous_economy_in_Central_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72471561/Auw%E1%BA%BD_Xavante_views_of_food_security_in_a_context_of_monetarization_of_an_indigenous_economy_in_Central_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="63462289" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63462289/Brief_communication_does_integration_to_the_market_threaten_agricultural_diversity_panel_and_cross_sectional_data_from_a_horticultural_foraging_society_in_the_Bolivian_">Brief communication: does integration to the market threaten agricultural diversity? panel and cross-sectional data from a horticultural-foraging society in the Bolivian …</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100736290" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EddyP%C3%A9rez10">Eddy Pérez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human Ecology, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Brief communication: does integration to the market threaten agricultural diversity? panel and cross-sectional data from a horticultural-foraging society in the Bolivian …","attachmentId":75885177,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63462289/Brief_communication_does_integration_to_the_market_threaten_agricultural_diversity_panel_and_cross_sectional_data_from_a_horticultural_foraging_society_in_the_Bolivian_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63462289/Brief_communication_does_integration_to_the_market_threaten_agricultural_diversity_panel_and_cross_sectional_data_from_a_horticultural_foraging_society_in_the_Bolivian_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="74401094" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74401094/Asset_Inequality_without_Markets_Evolution_of_Household_Land_Holding_in_a_Peasant_Community_Peruvian_Amazon">Asset Inequality without Markets: Evolution of Household Land Holding in a Peasant Community, Peruvian Amazon</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10797525" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/FranqueGrimard">Franque Grimard</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Observers often point to markets as a major cause of asset inequality; markets, however, need not be the only cause of the gap between richer and poorer households. In this paper, we report on the determinants of land inequality in a peasant community from the Peruvian Amazon where land and labour markets are all but absent. The data gathered in 1994/5 through in-depth interviews with agroforestry-reliant households (n=36) -on farming practices, land holding, demographic characteristics, incomeexpenditures and household non-land wealth -allow us to create a panel data set to study land accumulation and inequality since 1960. During this period, new forest land became increasingly scarce around the community as the frontier closed. Land holdings in 1994 were highly unequally distributed with 20% of households holding 58% of the land. Results of regression analyses indicate that households with larger land holdings tend to be older (to a point), richer in in-house labour, access to mo...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Asset Inequality without Markets: Evolution of Household Land Holding in a Peasant Community, Peruvian Amazon","attachmentId":82567319,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74401094/Asset_Inequality_without_Markets_Evolution_of_Household_Land_Holding_in_a_Peasant_Community_Peruvian_Amazon","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74401094/Asset_Inequality_without_Markets_Evolution_of_Household_Land_Holding_in_a_Peasant_Community_Peruvian_Amazon"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":38433554,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":38433554,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_38433554" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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Urzedo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tropical forest seeds in the household economy: effects of market participation among three sociocultural groups in the Upper Xingu region of the Brazilian Amazon","attachmentId":57202564,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36488500/Tropical_forest_seeds_in_the_household_economy_effects_of_market_participation_among_three_sociocultural_groups_in_the_Upper_Xingu_region_of_the_Brazilian_Amazon","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36488500/Tropical_forest_seeds_in_the_household_economy_effects_of_market_participation_among_three_sociocultural_groups_in_the_Upper_Xingu_region_of_the_Brazilian_Amazon"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="20561012" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20561012/Income_inequality_and_deforestation_Evidence_from_a_small_scale_pre_industrial_society_in_the_Bolivian_Amazon">Income inequality and deforestation: Evidence from a small-scale, pre-industrial society in the Bolivian Amazon</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" 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Pap, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Income inequality and deforestation: Evidence from a small-scale, pre-industrial society in the Bolivian Amazon","attachmentId":41437740,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20561012/Income_inequality_and_deforestation_Evidence_from_a_small_scale_pre_industrial_society_in_the_Bolivian_Amazon","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20561012/Income_inequality_and_deforestation_Evidence_from_a_small_scale_pre_industrial_society_in_the_Bolivian_Amazon"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="4510076" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4510076/Negotiating_hybridity_in_highland_Bolivia_indigenous_moral_economy_and_the_expanding_market_for_quinoa_2013_Journal_of_Peasant_Studies_40_4_659_682">Negotiating hybridity in highland Bolivia: indigenous moral economy and the expanding market for quinoa (2013). Journal of Peasant Studies 40(4):659-682.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4929996" href="https://unm.academia.edu/MarygoldWalshDilley">Marygold Walsh-Dilley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Peasant Studies, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Negotiating hybridity in highland Bolivia: indigenous moral economy and the expanding market for quinoa (2013). 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