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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Maritime Safety</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">3,587 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Maritime Safety</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Maritime_Safety">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9498993" data-work_id="9498993" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9498993/What_should_be_done_with_Grandad_Discussing_the_application_of_new_standards_to_the_existing_fleet">What should be done with Grandad? Discussing the application of new standards to the existing fleet</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9498993" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b34e73de861fdf6c82c87587f7043afc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35728457,"asset_id":9498993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35728457/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22263846" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MoriFlapan">Mori Flapan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22263846" type="text/json">{"id":22263846,"first_name":"Mori","last_name":"Flapan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MoriFlapan","display_name":"Mori Flapan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoriFlapan?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22263846/8233564/9211456/s65_mori.flapan.jpg_oh_afd9ee4dd5ef2d331305176e7ce873c7_oe_55aa6952___gda___1438518604_255bae965d34053d48eb6d3eb5202d89"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9498993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9498993"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9498993, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9498993", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9498993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9498993; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9498993"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9498993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9498993"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9498993; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9498993]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9498993").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9498993").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9498993"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9498993]'), work: {"id":9498993,"title":"What should be done with Grandad? 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31262226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31262226").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31262226").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31262226"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education">Maritime Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35122" type="text/json">{"id":35122,"name":"Maritime Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security">Maritime Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48532" type="text/json">{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy">Piracy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62467" type="text/json">{"id":62467,"name":"Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31262226]'), work: {"id":31262226,"title":"How the Manila Amendments to the STCW Code Enhance Training in Maritime Safety and Security","created_at":"2017-02-06T09:49:24.140-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31262226/How_the_Manila_Amendments_to_the_STCW_Code_Enhance_Training_in_Maritime_Safety_and_Security?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_31262226","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51665823,"asset_id":31262226,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7656631,"first_name":"Ernesto","last_name":"Madariaga","domain_name":"unican","page_name":"ErnestoMadariaga","display_name":"Ernesto Madariaga","profile_url":"https://unican.academia.edu/ErnestoMadariaga?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35122,"name":"Maritime Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":62467,"name":"Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":456390,"name":"Maritime Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training?f_ri=123413"},{"id":547959,"name":"Stcw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stcw?f_ri=123413"},{"id":751889,"name":"Spanish Royal Navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Royal_Navy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1442083,"name":"Spanish Navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Navy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1442084,"name":"ENCOMAR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENCOMAR?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31738499 coauthored" data-work_id="31738499" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31738499/Optimization_of_Arrangements_of_Ro_Ro_Passenger_Ships_with_Genetic_Algorithms">Optimization of Arrangements of Ro-Ro Passenger Ships with Genetic Algorithms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ships are complex and multifunctional systems. Thus their design procedure involves innumerable design variables and an overwhelming number of constraints. Under these circumstances finding an optimal solution to the design problem may... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31738499" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ships are complex and multifunctional systems. Thus their design procedure involves innumerable design variables and an overwhelming number of constraints. Under these circumstances finding an optimal solution to the design problem may seem prohibitive at a first glance. Yet there have been developed and applied many optimization methodologies over the years. A key to success is a suitable breakdown of the overall design process into manageable, well-defined modular steps, similar to the traditional decomposition of the manual design into different design stages. One of these modular steps is the definition of the watertight compartmentation. Although there are many considerations to be made for the arrangement of the internal watertight boundaries (space requirements by the equipment installed, ergonomic consideration etc), there are three that could be considered as the most critical. Those are the ship’s response in case of damage and the requirements imposed by the relevant stability regulations, the building cost of the arrangement and the transport capacity of the ship. <br /><br />Given the fact that the damage stability is strongly linked to the safety level provided by the ship to its passengers, crew and cargo, the maximization of its survivability is a primary merit function for the designer. The probabilistic damaged stability regulatory concept, initially introduced by the IMO SOLAS A.265 (VIII) (1974) for passenger ships more than thirty years ago, later reaffirmed by the IMO Resolution MSC.19 (58) (1990) that was later put to force as SOLAS B-1 Reg. 25 for cargo ships built after February 1992, and lately expected to become the damaged stability regulatory standard of the future with the introduction into force of the forthcoming IMO harmonization of damage stability rules for all types of ships (see IMO-SLF, 2003) .<br /><br />The present paper is originated by the relevant work of NTUA-Ship Design Laboratory within the ROROPROB EU project (see Zaraphonitis et.al., 2002 and Boulougouris et.al., 2003a) and it extends the analysis the results of the formalized multi-objective optimization procedure for the internal compartmentation of Ro-Ro Passenger ships that have been developed (see Zaraphonitis et.al., 2003 and Boulougouris, 2003b). The procedure utilized the latest advances in the field of the multi-criteria design optimization with Genetic Algorithms (GA) in order to achieve the maximization of ship’s resistance against capsize, expressed by the Attained Subdivision Index as well as her transport capacity, in terms of both increased deadweight and garage deck space. Building cost reduction is herein considered mainly as the result of steel weight minimization. Additionally it could be argued that the minimization of the number of watertight boundaries may result to equipment costs savings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31738499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="863bf618d3a354e55c638ec037558020" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52047448,"asset_id":31738499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52047448/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27233116" href="https://ntua.academia.edu/ApostolosPapanikolaou">Apostolos Papanikolaou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27233116" type="text/json">{"id":27233116,"first_name":"Apostolos","last_name":"Papanikolaou","domain_name":"ntua","page_name":"ApostolosPapanikolaou","display_name":"Apostolos Papanikolaou","profile_url":"https://ntua.academia.edu/ApostolosPapanikolaou?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27233116/7723961/16199124/s65_apostolos.papanikolaou.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-31738499">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-31738499"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ntua.academia.edu/GeorgeZaraphonitis">George Zaraphonitis</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-31738499'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-31738499').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31738499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31738499"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31738499; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31738499]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31738499").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31738499").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31738499"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13445" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiobjective_Optimization">Multiobjective Optimization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13445" type="text/json">{"id":13445,"name":"Multiobjective Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiobjective_Optimization?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="110540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ship_Design">Ship Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="110540" type="text/json">{"id":110540,"name":"Ship Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ship_Design?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="789297" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stability_of_Ship">Stability of Ship</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="789297" type="text/json">{"id":789297,"name":"Stability of Ship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stability_of_Ship?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31738499]'), work: {"id":31738499,"title":"Optimization of Arrangements of Ro-Ro Passenger Ships with Genetic Algorithms","created_at":"2017-03-06T10:15:02.962-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31738499/Optimization_of_Arrangements_of_Ro_Ro_Passenger_Ships_with_Genetic_Algorithms?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_31738499","summary":"Ships are complex and multifunctional systems. Thus their design procedure involves innumerable design variables and an overwhelming number of constraints. Under these circumstances finding an optimal solution to the design problem may seem prohibitive at a first glance. Yet there have been developed and applied many optimization methodologies over the years. A key to success is a suitable breakdown of the overall design process into manageable, well-defined modular steps, similar to the traditional decomposition of the manual design into different design stages. One of these modular steps is the definition of the watertight compartmentation. Although there are many considerations to be made for the arrangement of the internal watertight boundaries (space requirements by the equipment installed, ergonomic consideration etc), there are three that could be considered as the most critical. Those are the ship’s response in case of damage and the requirements imposed by the relevant stability regulations, the building cost of the arrangement and the transport capacity of the ship. \n\nGiven the fact that the damage stability is strongly linked to the safety level provided by the ship to its passengers, crew and cargo, the maximization of its survivability is a primary merit function for the designer. The probabilistic damaged stability regulatory concept, initially introduced by the IMO SOLAS A.265 (VIII) (1974) for passenger ships more than thirty years ago, later reaffirmed by the IMO Resolution MSC.19 (58) (1990) that was later put to force as SOLAS B-1 Reg. 25 for cargo ships built after February 1992, and lately expected to become the damaged stability regulatory standard of the future with the introduction into force of the forthcoming IMO harmonization of damage stability rules for all types of ships (see IMO-SLF, 2003) .\n\nThe present paper is originated by the relevant work of NTUA-Ship Design Laboratory within the ROROPROB EU project (see Zaraphonitis et.al., 2002 and Boulougouris et.al., 2003a) and it extends the analysis the results of the formalized multi-objective optimization procedure for the internal compartmentation of Ro-Ro Passenger ships that have been developed (see Zaraphonitis et.al., 2003 and Boulougouris, 2003b). The procedure utilized the latest advances in the field of the multi-criteria design optimization with Genetic Algorithms (GA) in order to achieve the maximization of ship’s resistance against capsize, expressed by the Attained Subdivision Index as well as her transport capacity, in terms of both increased deadweight and garage deck space. Building cost reduction is herein considered mainly as the result of steel weight minimization. Additionally it could be argued that the minimization of the number of watertight boundaries may result to equipment costs savings. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52047448,"asset_id":31738499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27233116,"first_name":"Apostolos","last_name":"Papanikolaou","domain_name":"ntua","page_name":"ApostolosPapanikolaou","display_name":"Apostolos Papanikolaou","profile_url":"https://ntua.academia.edu/ApostolosPapanikolaou?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27233116/7723961/16199124/s65_apostolos.papanikolaou.jpg"},{"id":27083545,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Zaraphonitis","domain_name":"ntua","page_name":"GeorgeZaraphonitis","display_name":"George Zaraphonitis","profile_url":"https://ntua.academia.edu/GeorgeZaraphonitis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27083545/7633893/8566401/s65_george.zaraphonitis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13445,"name":"Multiobjective Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiobjective_Optimization?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":110540,"name":"Ship Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ship_Design?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":789297,"name":"Stability of Ship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stability_of_Ship?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73592006" data-work_id="73592006" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73592006/Innovation_and_New_Strategic_Choices_Refreshing_the_UK_s_National_Strategy_for_Maritime_Security_">Innovation and New Strategic Choices. Refreshing the UK’s National Strategy for Maritime Security,</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">2021 is a key moment of opportunity for UK maritime security. The publication of the government’s Integrated Review in March is being followed by a systematic ‘refresh’ of the UK’s 2014 National Strategy for Maritime Security. In this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73592006" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">2021 is a key moment of opportunity for UK maritime security. The publication of the government’s Integrated Review in March is being followed by a systematic ‘refresh’ of the UK’s 2014 National Strategy for Maritime Security. In this article, Christian Bueger, Timothy Edmunds and Scott Edwards examine the role and significance of this strategy refresh, consider key priority issues for enhancing maritime security, and reflect on the challenges and opportunities that policymakers will face turning strategy into action. They conclude by arguing that getting maritime security right will be critical to delivering on the UK’s ambitions in security and foreign policy more widely.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73592006" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99f0ba2b0837cc307f8f075c817f841c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82054345,"asset_id":73592006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82054345/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57852" href="https://ku-dk.academia.edu/ChristianBueger">Christian Bueger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57852" type="text/json">{"id":57852,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Bueger","domain_name":"ku-dk","page_name":"ChristianBueger","display_name":"Christian Bueger","profile_url":"https://ku-dk.academia.edu/ChristianBueger?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57852/16950/20169855/s65_christian.bueger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73592006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73592006"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73592006, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73592006", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73592006]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73592006").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73592006").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73592006"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3705" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security">International Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3705" type="text/json">{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics">European Union Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27137" type="text/json">{"id":27137,"name":"European Union Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37110" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Piracy_and_Transnational_Criminal_Organizations">Maritime Piracy and Transnational Criminal Organizations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37110" type="text/json">{"id":37110,"name":"Maritime Piracy and Transnational Criminal Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Piracy_and_Transnational_Criminal_Organizations?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73592006]'), work: {"id":73592006,"title":"Innovation and New Strategic Choices. Refreshing the UK’s National Strategy for Maritime Security,","created_at":"2022-03-12T03:15:36.768-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73592006/Innovation_and_New_Strategic_Choices_Refreshing_the_UK_s_National_Strategy_for_Maritime_Security_?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_73592006","summary":"2021 is a key moment of opportunity for UK maritime security. The publication of the government’s Integrated Review in March is being followed by a systematic ‘refresh’ of the UK’s 2014 National Strategy for Maritime Security. In this article, Christian Bueger, Timothy Edmunds and Scott Edwards examine the role and significance of this strategy refresh, consider key priority issues for enhancing maritime security, and reflect on the challenges and opportunities that policymakers will face turning strategy into action. They conclude by arguing that getting maritime security right will be critical to delivering on the UK’s ambitions in security and foreign policy more widely.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82054345,"asset_id":73592006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57852,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Bueger","domain_name":"ku-dk","page_name":"ChristianBueger","display_name":"Christian Bueger","profile_url":"https://ku-dk.academia.edu/ChristianBueger?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57852/16950/20169855/s65_christian.bueger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":27137,"name":"European Union Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":37110,"name":"Maritime Piracy and Transnational Criminal Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Piracy_and_Transnational_Criminal_Organizations?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":40867,"name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Kingdom?f_ri=123413"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413"},{"id":74139,"name":"MDA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MDA?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1137420,"name":"NATO crisis management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO_crisis_management?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1425002,"name":"Brexit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brexit?f_ri=123413"},{"id":2785807,"name":"Indo-Pacific Strategic Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Pacific_Strategic_Affairs?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26560252" data-work_id="26560252" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26560252/Maritime_Safety_ppt">Maritime Safety.ppt</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26560252" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="794f5e857f5520392d9204a783d417de" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46853190,"asset_id":26560252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46853190/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="201262" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CRISTINAMIHAILOVICI">CRISTINA MIHAILOVICI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="201262" type="text/json">{"id":201262,"first_name":"CRISTINA","last_name":"MIHAILOVICI","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CRISTINAMIHAILOVICI","display_name":"CRISTINA MIHAILOVICI","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CRISTINAMIHAILOVICI?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201262/47391/61062424/s65_cristina.mihailovici.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26560252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26560252"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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data-work-id="26560252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26560252; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26560252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26560252").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26560252").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26560252"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ballast_water_treatment">Ballast water treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12120" type="text/json">{"id":12120,"name":"Ballast water treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ballast_water_treatment?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="274667" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SOLAS">SOLAS</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="274667" type="text/json">{"id":274667,"name":"SOLAS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SOLAS?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="317626" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management">Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="317626" type="text/json">{"id":317626,"name":"Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26560252]'), work: {"id":26560252,"title":"Maritime Safety.ppt","created_at":"2016-06-28T02:56:08.741-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26560252/Maritime_Safety_ppt?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_26560252","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46853190,"asset_id":26560252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":201262,"first_name":"CRISTINA","last_name":"MIHAILOVICI","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CRISTINAMIHAILOVICI","display_name":"CRISTINA MIHAILOVICI","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CRISTINAMIHAILOVICI?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201262/47391/61062424/s65_cristina.mihailovici.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12120,"name":"Ballast water treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ballast_water_treatment?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":274667,"name":"SOLAS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SOLAS?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":317626,"name":"Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":348866,"name":"the International Labour Organization (ILO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/the_International_Labour_Organization_ILO_?f_ri=123413"},{"id":625298,"name":"Safety Management Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Management_Systems?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1029711,"name":"International Maritime Organization (IMO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Maritime_Organization_IMO_?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1029713,"name":"MARPOL Convention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MARPOL_Convention?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37667361" data-work_id="37667361" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37667361/MOVING_TOWARDS_A_MORE_SUCCESSFUL_MARITIME_SEARCH_AND_RESCUE_SAR_SYSTEM_IN_SRI_LANKA_LEARNING_FROM_JAPAN_SAR_MODEL">MOVING TOWARDS A MORE SUCCESSFUL MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR) SYSTEM IN SRI LANKA: LEARNING FROM JAPAN SAR MODEL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An effective maritime search and rescue system is vital for Sri Lanka, as it provides a safer and more secure environment for maritime-related industries, recreation, tourism, travel and an overall economic development. However, I found... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37667361" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An effective maritime search and rescue  system is vital for Sri Lanka, as it provides a safer and more secure environment for maritime-related industries, recreation, tourism, travel and an overall economic development. However, I found in this study that the existing system is ineffective due to a comparatively high number of deaths and injuries despite maritime search and rescue (SAR) efforts. Thus, a number of external and internal studies have been conducted to find out ways to improve the SAR system of Sri Lanka by using ‘International convention for search and rescue 1979’ (SAR convention) as a yardstick. In this paper, I discuss the validity of the SAR convention in the Sri Lankan context and propose the implementation of best practices learnt from Japan SAR system through a comparative analysis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37667361" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc43bb8587cc465ebc3e5ba96b503d99" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57655780,"asset_id":37667361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57655780/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37566217" href="https://grips.academia.edu/RajindaDaniel">Rajinda Daniel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37566217" type="text/json">{"id":37566217,"first_name":"Rajinda","last_name":"Daniel","domain_name":"grips","page_name":"RajindaDaniel","display_name":"Rajinda Daniel","profile_url":"https://grips.academia.edu/RajindaDaniel?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37566217/10631268/17228475/s65_rajinda.daniel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37667361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37667361"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37667361, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37667361", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37667361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37667361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37667361"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37667361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37667361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37667361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37667361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37667361").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37667361").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37667361"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security">Maritime Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48532" type="text/json">{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37667361]'), work: {"id":37667361,"title":"MOVING TOWARDS A MORE SUCCESSFUL MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR) SYSTEM IN SRI LANKA: LEARNING FROM JAPAN SAR MODEL","created_at":"2018-10-29T04:03:41.967-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37667361/MOVING_TOWARDS_A_MORE_SUCCESSFUL_MARITIME_SEARCH_AND_RESCUE_SAR_SYSTEM_IN_SRI_LANKA_LEARNING_FROM_JAPAN_SAR_MODEL?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_37667361","summary":"An effective maritime search and rescue system is vital for Sri Lanka, as it provides a safer and more secure environment for maritime-related industries, recreation, tourism, travel and an overall economic development. However, I found in this study that the existing system is ineffective due to a comparatively high number of deaths and injuries despite maritime search and rescue (SAR) efforts. Thus, a number of external and internal studies have been conducted to find out ways to improve the SAR system of Sri Lanka by using ‘International convention for search and rescue 1979’ (SAR convention) as a yardstick. In this paper, I discuss the validity of the SAR convention in the Sri Lankan context and propose the implementation of best practices learnt from Japan SAR system through a comparative analysis. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57655780,"asset_id":37667361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37566217,"first_name":"Rajinda","last_name":"Daniel","domain_name":"grips","page_name":"RajindaDaniel","display_name":"Rajinda Daniel","profile_url":"https://grips.academia.edu/RajindaDaniel?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37566217/10631268/17228475/s65_rajinda.daniel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25191694" data-work_id="25191694" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25191694/SURVIVABILITY_OF_SHIPS_AT_SEA_A_PROPOSED_MODEL_TO_ACCOUNT_FOR_HUMAN_FACTORS_IN_A_SAFETY_CRITICAL_SYSTEM">SURVIVABILITY OF SHIPS AT SEA: A PROPOSED MODEL TO ACCOUNT FOR HUMAN FACTORS IN A SAFETY-CRITICAL SYSTEM</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">SUMMARY Most serious accidents at sea are caused by minor incidents that escalated into an uncontrolled situation. This study is aiming to develop a model to investigate the likelihood of fatal accidents, given that a critical incident... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25191694" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">SUMMARY Most serious accidents at sea are caused by minor incidents that escalated into an uncontrolled situation. This study is aiming to develop a model to investigate the likelihood of fatal accidents, given that a critical incident has already occurred. The focus of the study is on human behaviour, adopting a hardware reliability perspective. The vessel is considered as a safety-critical system to be protected by several barriers. The crew role is modelled as active barriers and distinguishing between different functions: perception, decision and action. A Markov approach is proposed to model different situations on the vessel. A mathematical model to estimate the probability of failure in an emergency situation is formulated. A new parameter is defined for the survivability of a vessel, given that a critical incident has taken place. The methods were applied to examine ship-platform collisions cases and the results show strong benefits for diagnosing and evaluating accidents from a human factors perspective as well as for training purposes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25191694" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2813609c3795df4a396a84de066e76a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45505732,"asset_id":25191694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45505732/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9317385" href="https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/VincentiusRumawas">Vincentius Rumawas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9317385" type="text/json">{"id":9317385,"first_name":"Vincentius","last_name":"Rumawas","domain_name":"ntnu-no","page_name":"VincentiusRumawas","display_name":"Vincentius Rumawas","profile_url":"https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/VincentiusRumawas?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9317385/6287352/7118103/s65_vincentius.rumawas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25191694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25191694"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25191694, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25191694", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25191694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25191694; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25191694"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25191694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25191694"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25191694; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25191694]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25191694").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25191694").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25191694"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4576" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Human_Factors">Maritime Human Factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4576" type="text/json">{"id":4576,"name":"Maritime Human Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Human_Factors?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_and_reliability_and_risk_management">Safety and reliability and risk management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35397" type="text/json">{"id":35397,"name":"Safety and reliability and risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_and_reliability_and_risk_management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="847585" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture_and_Marine_Engineering">Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="847585" type="text/json">{"id":847585,"name":"Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture_and_Marine_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25191694]'), work: {"id":25191694,"title":"SURVIVABILITY OF SHIPS AT SEA: A PROPOSED MODEL TO ACCOUNT FOR HUMAN FACTORS IN A SAFETY-CRITICAL SYSTEM","created_at":"2016-05-10T03:52:35.788-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25191694/SURVIVABILITY_OF_SHIPS_AT_SEA_A_PROPOSED_MODEL_TO_ACCOUNT_FOR_HUMAN_FACTORS_IN_A_SAFETY_CRITICAL_SYSTEM?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_25191694","summary":"SUMMARY Most serious accidents at sea are caused by minor incidents that escalated into an uncontrolled situation. This study is aiming to develop a model to investigate the likelihood of fatal accidents, given that a critical incident has already occurred. The focus of the study is on human behaviour, adopting a hardware reliability perspective. The vessel is considered as a safety-critical system to be protected by several barriers. The crew role is modelled as active barriers and distinguishing between different functions: perception, decision and action. A Markov approach is proposed to model different situations on the vessel. A mathematical model to estimate the probability of failure in an emergency situation is formulated. A new parameter is defined for the survivability of a vessel, given that a critical incident has taken place. The methods were applied to examine ship-platform collisions cases and the results show strong benefits for diagnosing and evaluating accidents from a human factors perspective as well as for training purposes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45505732,"asset_id":25191694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9317385,"first_name":"Vincentius","last_name":"Rumawas","domain_name":"ntnu-no","page_name":"VincentiusRumawas","display_name":"Vincentius Rumawas","profile_url":"https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/VincentiusRumawas?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9317385/6287352/7118103/s65_vincentius.rumawas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4576,"name":"Maritime Human Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Human_Factors?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":35397,"name":"Safety and reliability and risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_and_reliability_and_risk_management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":847585,"name":"Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture_and_Marine_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1761739" data-work_id="1761739" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1761739/SERVICING_STATION_FOR_INFLATABLE_LIFERAFTS_MAINTENANCE_CRITERIA">SERVICING STATION FOR INFLATABLE LIFERAFTS MAINTENANCE CRITERIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Safety on board of merchant ships is one essential issue, to the passengers, the crew, the cargo, the environment and the ship itself. If an emergency scenario arrives and abandon ship is necessary, the activations of safety rafts becomes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1761739" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Safety on board of merchant ships is one essential issue, to the passengers, the crew, the cargo, the environment and the ship itself. If an emergency scenario arrives and abandon ship is necessary, the activations of safety rafts becomes a must, so its previous maintenance turns to be the most relevant level pointing to proper readiness in such emergency cases. Bearing that in mind, the objective of this study is to analyse the process criteria of maintenance on safety rafts applied by such permanent servicing station in Venezuela. In order to achieve the objective proposed it was establish the comply of legal’s and technical requirements, as well as the technological aspects used and followed up of established procedures steps; knowledge and management abilities of stand personnel on the operability of liferafts was also pointed. The study was developed through documentary reports, in a field research mode and with a descriptive level design, applied to main participant’s actors: four (4) safety rafts maintenance stations, direct involved personnel of Venezuelan maritime authorities, harbour masters and ships owners. As conclusions, it was observed a lack of innovations knowledge from shipowner, weak of survey endurance and knowledge practices from maritime authority, the criteria of maintenance between the ILRSS and the authority does not match, it is not entirely clear the criterion of who is the responsibility of installing on board the liferaft.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1761739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0caeeb26b6e64ed312de50a432d6430" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":22211504,"asset_id":1761739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/22211504/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="788378" href="https://tecnocampus.academia.edu/DrJes%C3%BAsEMart%C3%ADnezMar%C3%ADn">Dr. Jesús E. Martínez Marín</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="788378" type="text/json">{"id":788378,"first_name":"Dr. Jesús E.","last_name":"Martínez Marín","domain_name":"tecnocampus","page_name":"DrJesúsEMartínezMarín","display_name":"Dr. Jesús E. Martínez Marín","profile_url":"https://tecnocampus.academia.edu/DrJes%C3%BAsEMart%C3%ADnezMar%C3%ADn?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/788378/267859/36265530/s65_dr._jes_s_e..mart_nez_mar_n.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1761739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1761739"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1761739, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1761739", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1761739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1761739; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1761739"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1761739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1761739"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1761739; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1761739]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1761739").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1761739").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1761739"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maintenance">Maintenance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="87372" type="text/json">{"id":87372,"name":"Maintenance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maintenance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1761739]'), work: {"id":1761739,"title":"SERVICING STATION FOR INFLATABLE LIFERAFTS MAINTENANCE CRITERIA","created_at":"2012-07-03T05:17:25.074-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1761739/SERVICING_STATION_FOR_INFLATABLE_LIFERAFTS_MAINTENANCE_CRITERIA?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_1761739","summary":"Safety on board of merchant ships is one essential issue, to the passengers, the crew, the cargo, the environment and the ship itself. If an emergency scenario arrives and abandon ship is necessary, the activations of safety rafts becomes a must, so its previous maintenance turns to be the most relevant level pointing to proper readiness in such emergency cases. Bearing that in mind, the objective of this study is to analyse the process criteria of maintenance on safety rafts applied by such permanent servicing station in Venezuela. In order to achieve the objective proposed it was establish the comply of legal’s and technical requirements, as well as the technological aspects used and followed up of established procedures steps; knowledge and management abilities of stand personnel on the operability of liferafts was also pointed. The study was developed through documentary reports, in a field research mode and with a descriptive level design, applied to main participant’s actors: four (4) safety rafts maintenance stations, direct involved personnel of Venezuelan maritime authorities, harbour masters and ships owners. As conclusions, it was observed a lack of innovations knowledge from shipowner, weak of survey endurance and knowledge practices from maritime authority, the criteria of maintenance between the ILRSS and the authority does not match, it is not entirely clear the criterion of who is the responsibility of installing on board the liferaft.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":22211504,"asset_id":1761739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":788378,"first_name":"Dr. Jesús E.","last_name":"Martínez Marín","domain_name":"tecnocampus","page_name":"DrJesúsEMartínezMarín","display_name":"Dr. Jesús E. Martínez Marín","profile_url":"https://tecnocampus.academia.edu/DrJes%C3%BAsEMart%C3%ADnezMar%C3%ADn?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/788378/267859/36265530/s65_dr._jes_s_e..mart_nez_mar_n.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":87372,"name":"Maintenance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maintenance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26335709" data-work_id="26335709" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26335709/M_V_Costa_Concordia_accident">M/V Costa Concordia accident</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26335709" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa7e22e3be44be5a53a7259be2db85af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46645754,"asset_id":26335709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46645754/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21564887" href="https://strathclyde.academia.edu/NikolaosKarimalis">Nikolaos Karimalis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21564887" type="text/json">{"id":21564887,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Karimalis","domain_name":"strathclyde","page_name":"NikolaosKarimalis","display_name":"Nikolaos Karimalis","profile_url":"https://strathclyde.academia.edu/NikolaosKarimalis?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26335709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26335709"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26335709, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26335709", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26335709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26335709; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26335709"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26335709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26335709"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26335709; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26335709]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26335709").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26335709").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26335709"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26335709]'), work: {"id":26335709,"title":"M/V Costa Concordia accident","created_at":"2016-06-20T06:36:44.515-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26335709/M_V_Costa_Concordia_accident?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_26335709","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46645754,"asset_id":26335709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21564887,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Karimalis","domain_name":"strathclyde","page_name":"NikolaosKarimalis","display_name":"Nikolaos Karimalis","profile_url":"https://strathclyde.academia.edu/NikolaosKarimalis?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45123566" data-work_id="45123566" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45123566/Los_incidentes_near_misses_en_la_gesti%C3%B3n_proactiva_de_la_seguridad_mar%C3%ADtima_Tesis_doctoral_realizada_por">Los incidentes (near misses) en la gestión proactiva de la seguridad marítima Tesis doctoral realizada por</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The objective of this study is focused on the analysis of incidents or near misses as an essential factor in the proactive management of maritime safety. The IMO established in the ISM Code, Section 9th, provisions for the report and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45123566" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The objective of this study is focused on the analysis of incidents or near misses as an essential factor in the proactive management of maritime safety. The IMO established in the ISM Code, Section 9th, provisions for the report and analysis of cases of non-compliance, accidents and potentially dangerous events, finding us before a legal obligation and not a mere recommendation or scientific curiosity.<br /><br />The approval and implementation of the Code also represented a revolution in the maritime world, due to four great qualitative contributions of great conceptual entity: a) The transition from a culture of regulatory compliance to a safety culture; b) The establishment of a transparent management system for maritime safety; c) Shared responsibility for security management (Ship-Company-Captain / Shipowner-DPA); d) The implementation of proactive management of maritime safety, with a dynamic character and continuous improvement mechanisms.<br /><br />To the extent that accidents and near misses or incidents share their causes (Hypothesis of identical causality), the study of incidents presents a greater number of practical advantages compared to accidents: their greater statistical number; its great informative value; its low cost; no legal or liability concerns; greater analytical and conceptual value, possibility for social participation and dissemination of the maritime safety culture.<br /><br />This is why, practically unanimously in scientific doctrine, the notification of non-compliances and deficiencies, in which we could encompass the terms of "incident" and "near-miss" by crewmembers, has been considered a significant indicator of a properly functioning safety culture validating the continuous improvement cycle. Near misses are opportunities: If the underlying causes are identified and remedied early, the likelihood of recurrence of the event is greatly minimized. If, on the other hand, it is not identified and managed, the incident will be forgotten and its harmful potential will remain latent.<br /><br />All maritime nations have incident reporting systems: CHIRP; REPCON; SECURITAS; MARS; FORESEA; NEARMISS.DK. All of them are analyzed and studied at this work. Likewise, the international bases GISIS and EMCIP. Special attention is paid to the Spanish model, with very poor results: the CIAIM does not investigate incidents, despite the fact that its name includes them and the notification by companies is generally extremely low. Aspects that are treated and proposals for improvement are provided.<br />The management of near misses is equally widespread in potentially dangerous industries: air transport, industrial plants and even in the healthcare sector. In all these activities, their treatment is a critical safety factor. Therefore, they are equipped with NMS (Near miss management systems), whose main characteristics are established in four fundamental phases: Identification of the event and notification; Evaluation of the event; Application of prevention measures; Follow-up actions.<br /><br />Changes are coming in the maritime industry: digitization; autonomous ships; etc. they will require much more complex and secure security management models, where the management of near misses is basic. The work, beyond its conclusions, makes recommendations in practical terms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45123566" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b97449d9fc533ba11a0c7c7f9cb56aca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65691601,"asset_id":45123566,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65691601/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89638322" href="https://upc.academia.edu/EnriqueLuejeFuente">Enrique Lueje Fuente</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89638322" type="text/json">{"id":89638322,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Lueje Fuente","domain_name":"upc","page_name":"EnriqueLuejeFuente","display_name":"Enrique Lueje Fuente","profile_url":"https://upc.academia.edu/EnriqueLuejeFuente?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89638322/42318092/33996418/s65_enrique.lueje_fuente.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45123566 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45123566"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45123566, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45123566", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45123566]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45123566").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45123566").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45123566"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99484" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incident_Management">Incident Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="99484" type="text/json">{"id":99484,"name":"Incident Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incident_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="850270" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_miss">Near miss</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="850270" type="text/json">{"id":850270,"name":"Near miss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_miss?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2008430" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ISM_code">ISM code</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2008430" type="text/json">{"id":2008430,"name":"ISM code","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ISM_code?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45123566]'), work: {"id":45123566,"title":"Los incidentes (near misses) en la gestión proactiva de la seguridad marítima Tesis doctoral realizada por","created_at":"2021-02-15T01:11:37.368-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45123566/Los_incidentes_near_misses_en_la_gesti%C3%B3n_proactiva_de_la_seguridad_mar%C3%ADtima_Tesis_doctoral_realizada_por?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_45123566","summary":"The objective of this study is focused on the analysis of incidents or near misses as an essential factor in the proactive management of maritime safety. The IMO established in the ISM Code, Section 9th, provisions for the report and analysis of cases of non-compliance, accidents and potentially dangerous events, finding us before a legal obligation and not a mere recommendation or scientific curiosity.\n\nThe approval and implementation of the Code also represented a revolution in the maritime world, due to four great qualitative contributions of great conceptual entity: a) The transition from a culture of regulatory compliance to a safety culture; b) The establishment of a transparent management system for maritime safety; c) Shared responsibility for security management (Ship-Company-Captain / Shipowner-DPA); d) The implementation of proactive management of maritime safety, with a dynamic character and continuous improvement mechanisms.\n\nTo the extent that accidents and near misses or incidents share their causes (Hypothesis of identical causality), the study of incidents presents a greater number of practical advantages compared to accidents: their greater statistical number; its great informative value; its low cost; no legal or liability concerns; greater analytical and conceptual value, possibility for social participation and dissemination of the maritime safety culture.\n\nThis is why, practically unanimously in scientific doctrine, the notification of non-compliances and deficiencies, in which we could encompass the terms of \"incident\" and \"near-miss\" by crewmembers, has been considered a significant indicator of a properly functioning safety culture validating the continuous improvement cycle. Near misses are opportunities: If the underlying causes are identified and remedied early, the likelihood of recurrence of the event is greatly minimized. If, on the other hand, it is not identified and managed, the incident will be forgotten and its harmful potential will remain latent.\n\nAll maritime nations have incident reporting systems: CHIRP; REPCON; SECURITAS; MARS; FORESEA; NEARMISS.DK. All of them are analyzed and studied at this work. Likewise, the international bases GISIS and EMCIP. Special attention is paid to the Spanish model, with very poor results: the CIAIM does not investigate incidents, despite the fact that its name includes them and the notification by companies is generally extremely low. Aspects that are treated and proposals for improvement are provided.\nThe management of near misses is equally widespread in potentially dangerous industries: air transport, industrial plants and even in the healthcare sector. In all these activities, their treatment is a critical safety factor. Therefore, they are equipped with NMS (Near miss management systems), whose main characteristics are established in four fundamental phases: Identification of the event and notification; Evaluation of the event; Application of prevention measures; Follow-up actions.\n\nChanges are coming in the maritime industry: digitization; autonomous ships; etc. they will require much more complex and secure security management models, where the management of near misses is basic. The work, beyond its conclusions, makes recommendations in practical terms.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65691601,"asset_id":45123566,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89638322,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Lueje Fuente","domain_name":"upc","page_name":"EnriqueLuejeFuente","display_name":"Enrique Lueje Fuente","profile_url":"https://upc.academia.edu/EnriqueLuejeFuente?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89638322/42318092/33996418/s65_enrique.lueje_fuente.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":99484,"name":"Incident Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incident_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":850270,"name":"Near miss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_miss?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":2008430,"name":"ISM code","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ISM_code?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29356119" data-work_id="29356119" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29356119/How_the_Manila_Amendments_to_the_STCW_Code_Enhance_Training_in_Maritime_Safety_and_Security">How the Manila Amendments to the STCW Code Enhance Training in Maritime Safety and Security</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29356119" 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Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security">Maritime Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48532" type="text/json">{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy">Piracy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62467" 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Ortega","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndresOrtega60?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35122,"name":"Maritime Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":62467,"name":"Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":456390,"name":"Maritime Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training?f_ri=123413"},{"id":547959,"name":"Stcw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stcw?f_ri=123413"},{"id":751889,"name":"Spanish Royal Navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Royal_Navy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1442083,"name":"Spanish Navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Navy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1442084,"name":"ENCOMAR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENCOMAR?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2311462" data-work_id="2311462" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2311462/Maritime_Security_in_the_Straits_of_Malacca">Maritime Security in the Straits of Malacca</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Paper presented at the "4th International Seminar on Maritime Culture and Geopolitics", University of Malaya, 8-9 December 2011</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2311462" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b82c77d985be9c005e8cbcb67851aa8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30357988,"asset_id":2311462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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Damiri","profile_url":"https://uitm.academia.edu/hafizzdamiri?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1042462/362627/154585029/s65_mohd_hafizzuddin.md_damiri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2311462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2311462"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2311462, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2311462", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2311462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2311462; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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Revisiting Perrow's classic.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this book, I argue that there is a need to revisit Perrow’s seminal contribution, Normal Accidents. I discuss conceptual and empirical changes in the past three decades and show the relevance of thinking our current situation with the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43906952" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this book, I argue that there is a need to revisit Perrow’s seminal contribution, Normal Accidents. I discuss conceptual and empirical changes in the past three decades and show the relevance of thinking our current situation with the help of this classic book when confronted to these changes; hence, the prefix “post”.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43906952" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6df389a7290b6692a97add68fe982b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64231025,"asset_id":43906952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64231025/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5366712" href="https://ineris.academia.edu/jeanchristophelecoze">jean-christophe le coze</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5366712" type="text/json">{"id":5366712,"first_name":"jean-christophe","last_name":"le coze","domain_name":"ineris","page_name":"jeanchristophelecoze","display_name":"jean-christophe le coze","profile_url":"https://ineris.academia.edu/jeanchristophelecoze?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5366712/2752682/25648411/s65_jean-christophe.le_coze.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43906952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43906952"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43906952, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43906952", }); 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64231025,"asset_id":43906952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5366712,"first_name":"jean-christophe","last_name":"le coze","domain_name":"ineris","page_name":"jeanchristophelecoze","display_name":"jean-christophe le coze","profile_url":"https://ineris.academia.edu/jeanchristophelecoze?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5366712/2752682/25648411/s65_jean-christophe.le_coze.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1649,"name":"Ergonomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ergonomics?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":4593,"name":"Occupational Health \u0026 Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health_and_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":5008,"name":"Resilience Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience_Engineering?f_ri=123413"},{"id":7812,"name":"Sociology Of Technology (Science And Technology Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_Of_Technology_Science_And_Technology_Studies_?f_ri=123413"},{"id":8565,"name":"Sociology of Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Organizations?f_ri=123413"},{"id":12103,"name":"Aviation Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":30932,"name":"Safety Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Culture?f_ri=123413"},{"id":61853,"name":"High Reliability Organisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Reliability_Organisation?f_ri=123413"},{"id":67366,"name":"Occupational health and safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_health_and_safety-2?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":183334,"name":"Nuclear Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":258767,"name":"Health and Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_and_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":399641,"name":"Accident analysis and prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accident_analysis_and_prevention?f_ri=123413"},{"id":583282,"name":"Normal accidents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normal_accidents?f_ri=123413"},{"id":732065,"name":"Railway Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Safety?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72098370" data-work_id="72098370" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72098370/How_the_Manila_amendments_to_the_STCW_code_enhance_training_in_maritime_safety_and_security">How the Manila amendments to the STCW code enhance training in maritime safety and security</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper shows the changes that have occurred to the Manila Amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Code (STCW 2010 Code). In the School of Maritime Engineering... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72098370" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper shows the changes that have occurred to the Manila Amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Code (STCW 2010 Code). In the School of Maritime Engineering of the University of Cantabria with the degrees in Nautical Engineering and Maritime Transport (Deck Officers), Marine Engineering (Engine Officers) and Maritime Engineering (Naval Engineering), we have taken into consideration all these changes and have adapted them to the academic training of the STCW 2010 Code. We recognize the need to train our maritime protection students (future officers, Captains and Chief Engineers of the Spanish Merchant Marine) with the latest and most effective tools and protocols. Thanks to the Maritime Collaborative Website of the Spanish Navy (ENCOMAR) we can complement and ensure the theoretical and practical training of our students to improve their knowledge on Maritime Security.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72098370" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="158824134" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ErnestoMadariagaDom%C3%ADnguez">Ernesto Madariaga Domínguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="158824134" type="text/json">{"id":158824134,"first_name":"Ernesto","last_name":"Madariaga Domínguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ErnestoMadariagaDomínguez","display_name":"Ernesto Madariaga Domínguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ErnestoMadariagaDom%C3%ADnguez?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72098370 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72098370"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72098370, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72098370", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72098370 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72098370; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72098370"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72098370 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72098370"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72098370; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72098370]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72098370").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72098370").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72098370"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education">Maritime Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35122" type="text/json">{"id":35122,"name":"Maritime Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security">Maritime Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48532" type="text/json">{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72098370]'), work: {"id":72098370,"title":"How the Manila amendments to the STCW code enhance training in maritime safety and security","created_at":"2022-02-21T05:54:54.475-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72098370/How_the_Manila_amendments_to_the_STCW_code_enhance_training_in_maritime_safety_and_security?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_72098370","summary":"This paper shows the changes that have occurred to the Manila Amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Code (STCW 2010 Code). In the School of Maritime Engineering of the University of Cantabria with the degrees in Nautical Engineering and Maritime Transport (Deck Officers), Marine Engineering (Engine Officers) and Maritime Engineering (Naval Engineering), we have taken into consideration all these changes and have adapted them to the academic training of the STCW 2010 Code. We recognize the need to train our maritime protection students (future officers, Captains and Chief Engineers of the Spanish Merchant Marine) with the latest and most effective tools and protocols. Thanks to the Maritime Collaborative Website of the Spanish Navy (ENCOMAR) we can complement and ensure the theoretical and practical training of our students to improve their knowledge on Maritime Security.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":158824134,"first_name":"Ernesto","last_name":"Madariaga Domínguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ErnestoMadariagaDomínguez","display_name":"Ernesto Madariaga Domínguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ErnestoMadariagaDom%C3%ADnguez?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":35122,"name":"Maritime Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":62467,"name":"Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":456390,"name":"Maritime Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training?f_ri=123413"},{"id":547959,"name":"Stcw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stcw?f_ri=123413"},{"id":751889,"name":"Spanish Royal Navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Royal_Navy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1442083,"name":"Spanish Navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Navy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1442084,"name":"ENCOMAR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENCOMAR?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38045895" data-work_id="38045895" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38045895/AN_APPRAISAL_OF_MARITIME_SAFETY_MANAGEMENT_PRACTICES_AND_ORGANIZATIONAL_SAFETY_PERFORMANCE_IN_NIGERIA_MARITIME_DOMAIN_THE_CASE_OF_BOURBON_INTEROIL_NIGERIA_LIMITED">AN APPRAISAL OF MARITIME SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA MARITIME DOMAIN: THE CASE OF BOURBON INTEROIL NIGERIA LIMITED</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over the years, the International maritime Organization (IMO) has developed several maritime safety management practices, regulations and codes at the global level for adoption by signatory coastal states and implementation by maritime... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38045895" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the years, the International maritime Organization (IMO) has developed several maritime safety management practices, regulations and codes at the global level for adoption by signatory coastal states and implementation by maritime operators to ensure safety of navigation and related maritime operations. The coastal states too have made many local safety rules and regulations to supplement domesticated IMO rules. However, the challenge in the full implementation of these safety instruments in the maritime sector particularly in Nigeria remains with the lack commitment of adequate financial resources to invest in these basic safety regulations and practices and training, since most of the safety management practices require employee training in order to yield desired result. The lack of commitment to investing in safety management practices has being linked by previous literature to poor knowledge of the level of returns on investment in safety management practices by indigenous operators who view</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38045895" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b0d10920628cd0a60a644a78ada1966" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58070315,"asset_id":38045895,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58070315/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20335440" href="https://futo-ng.academia.edu/Theophiluspius">Theophilus C H I N O N Y E R E M Nwokedi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20335440" type="text/json">{"id":20335440,"first_name":"Theophilus","last_name":"Nwokedi","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"Theophiluspius","display_name":"Theophilus C H I N O N Y E R E M Nwokedi","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/Theophiluspius?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20335440/7786059/21604753/s65_theophilus.p._nwokedi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38045895 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38045895"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38045895, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38045895", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38045895 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38045895; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38045895"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38045895 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38045895"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38045895; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38045895]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38045895").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38045895").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38045895"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38045895]'), work: {"id":38045895,"title":"AN APPRAISAL OF MARITIME SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA MARITIME DOMAIN: THE CASE OF BOURBON INTEROIL NIGERIA LIMITED","created_at":"2018-12-27T03:25:46.795-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38045895/AN_APPRAISAL_OF_MARITIME_SAFETY_MANAGEMENT_PRACTICES_AND_ORGANIZATIONAL_SAFETY_PERFORMANCE_IN_NIGERIA_MARITIME_DOMAIN_THE_CASE_OF_BOURBON_INTEROIL_NIGERIA_LIMITED?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_38045895","summary":"Over the years, the International maritime Organization (IMO) has developed several maritime safety management practices, regulations and codes at the global level for adoption by signatory coastal states and implementation by maritime operators to ensure safety of navigation and related maritime operations. The coastal states too have made many local safety rules and regulations to supplement domesticated IMO rules. However, the challenge in the full implementation of these safety instruments in the maritime sector particularly in Nigeria remains with the lack commitment of adequate financial resources to invest in these basic safety regulations and practices and training, since most of the safety management practices require employee training in order to yield desired result. The lack of commitment to investing in safety management practices has being linked by previous literature to poor knowledge of the level of returns on investment in safety management practices by indigenous operators who view","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58070315,"asset_id":38045895,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20335440,"first_name":"Theophilus","last_name":"Nwokedi","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"Theophiluspius","display_name":"Theophilus C H I N O N Y E R E M Nwokedi","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/Theophiluspius?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20335440/7786059/21604753/s65_theophilus.p._nwokedi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22048471 coauthored" data-work_id="22048471" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22048471/Statistical_analysis_of_ship_accidents_and_review_of_safety_level">Statistical analysis of ship accidents and review of safety level</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Safety may be defined as an acceptable state of risk by society. In this respect, for assessing the current safety level of ships, it is necessary to quantify the risk level of the operating world fleet, thus estimate and assess the basic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22048471" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Safety may be defined as an acceptable state of risk by society. In this respect, for assessing the current safety level of ships, it is necessary to quantify the risk level of the operating world fleet, thus estimate and assess the basic contributors to risk, namely the frequency of maritime accidents and the extent of their consequences. The present investigation was motivated by earlier published work of Det Norske Veritas (DNV, 2006), in which they were some alarming signals of worsening of the level of maritime safety. A justified question therefore is whether and how the level of ship safety changed thereafter. Recalling that a fundamental step of a Formal Safety Assessment of maritime assets is the investigation of relevant casualty reports and the analysis of historical data, which characterise the maritime safety performance in the studied period, the herein presented work deals with a systematic analysis of ship accidents in the last decade as a way to evaluate the current level of safety for the majority of ship sub-types present in the world merchant fleet and to conclude on the foreseeable future. The presented analysis also includes a deeper investigation about possible relationships between accident rates and ship's age, which proved more complex than initially thought. The outcome of the present study indicates that in the last decade although the frequencies of ship accidents generally increased, the safety level of various ship types did not significantly change, as the consequences of accidents remained in average at about the same level.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22048471" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="077b0cbc74013c15adf6190c35ec8540" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42729406,"asset_id":22048471,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42729406/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34277227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EleftheriaEliopoulou">Eleftheria Eliopoulou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34277227" type="text/json">{"id":34277227,"first_name":"Eleftheria","last_name":"Eliopoulou","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EleftheriaEliopoulou","display_name":"Eleftheria Eliopoulou","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EleftheriaEliopoulou?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22048471">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22048471"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ntua.academia.edu/ApostolosPapanikolaou">Apostolos Papanikolaou</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkosVoulgarellis">Markos Voulgarellis</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22048471'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22048471').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22048471 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22048471"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22048471; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22048471]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22048471").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22048471").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22048471"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4060" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Statistics">Applied Statistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4060" type="text/json">{"id":4060,"name":"Applied Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Statistics?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="650731" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accident_analysis">Accident analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="650731" type="text/json">{"id":650731,"name":"Accident analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accident_analysis?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22048471]'), work: {"id":22048471,"title":"Statistical analysis of ship accidents and review of safety level","created_at":"2016-02-16T06:18:24.143-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22048471/Statistical_analysis_of_ship_accidents_and_review_of_safety_level?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_22048471","summary":"Safety may be defined as an acceptable state of risk by society. In this respect, for assessing the current safety level of ships, it is necessary to quantify the risk level of the operating world fleet, thus estimate and assess the basic contributors to risk, namely the frequency of maritime accidents and the extent of their consequences. The present investigation was motivated by earlier published work of Det Norske Veritas (DNV, 2006), in which they were some alarming signals of worsening of the level of maritime safety. A justified question therefore is whether and how the level of ship safety changed thereafter. Recalling that a fundamental step of a Formal Safety Assessment of maritime assets is the investigation of relevant casualty reports and the analysis of historical data, which characterise the maritime safety performance in the studied period, the herein presented work deals with a systematic analysis of ship accidents in the last decade as a way to evaluate the current level of safety for the majority of ship sub-types present in the world merchant fleet and to conclude on the foreseeable future. The presented analysis also includes a deeper investigation about possible relationships between accident rates and ship's age, which proved more complex than initially thought. The outcome of the present study indicates that in the last decade although the frequencies of ship accidents generally increased, the safety level of various ship types did not significantly change, as the consequences of accidents remained in average at about the same level.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42729406,"asset_id":22048471,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34277227,"first_name":"Eleftheria","last_name":"Eliopoulou","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EleftheriaEliopoulou","display_name":"Eleftheria Eliopoulou","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EleftheriaEliopoulou?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":27233116,"first_name":"Apostolos","last_name":"Papanikolaou","domain_name":"ntua","page_name":"ApostolosPapanikolaou","display_name":"Apostolos Papanikolaou","profile_url":"https://ntua.academia.edu/ApostolosPapanikolaou?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27233116/7723961/16199124/s65_apostolos.papanikolaou.jpg"},{"id":43569601,"first_name":"Markos","last_name":"Voulgarellis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkosVoulgarellis","display_name":"Markos Voulgarellis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkosVoulgarellis?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4060,"name":"Applied Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Statistics?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":650731,"name":"Accident analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accident_analysis?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33654320" data-work_id="33654320" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33654320/Travelling_to_Tragedy_Great_Transport_Disasters">Travelling to Tragedy: Great Transport Disasters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Disasters have grabbed the human imagination since antiquity. Whether for heroism or arrogance, folly or fate, these tales show the best and worst of humanity when faced with extreme danger. This book introduces seven events of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33654320" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Disasters have grabbed the human imagination since antiquity. Whether for heroism or arrogance, folly or fate, these tales show the best and worst of humanity when faced with extreme danger.<br /><br />This book introduces seven events of tremendous importance, yet while some have risen to legendary proportions – cloaked by myth and error – others have become all but forgotten despite their shocking details.<br /><br />All are a warning from history:<br /><br />The two ‘unsinkable’ ships<br />Britain’s deadliest railway error<br />The torpedo that changed warfare<br />An engineering nightmare<br />The darkest day on the Thames<br />The English Hindenburg</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33654320" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df35a1deb3455bdf3b6750a8f59adde2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53663358,"asset_id":33654320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53663358/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="257043" href="https://herts.academia.edu/FriedrichNewman">Friedrich Newman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="257043" type="text/json">{"id":257043,"first_name":"Friedrich","last_name":"Newman","domain_name":"herts","page_name":"FriedrichNewman","display_name":"Friedrich Newman","profile_url":"https://herts.academia.edu/FriedrichNewman?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/257043/63859/3191477/s65_friedrich.newman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33654320 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33654320"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33654320, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33654320", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33654320]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33654320").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33654320").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33654320"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation_Engineering">Transportation Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74" type="text/json">{"id":74,"name":"Transportation Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Engineering">Safety Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85" type="text/json">{"id":85,"name":"Safety Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33654320]'), work: {"id":33654320,"title":"Travelling to Tragedy: Great Transport Disasters","created_at":"2017-06-26T03:05:09.049-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33654320/Travelling_to_Tragedy_Great_Transport_Disasters?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_33654320","summary":"Disasters have grabbed the human imagination since antiquity. Whether for heroism or arrogance, folly or fate, these tales show the best and worst of humanity when faced with extreme danger.\n\nThis book introduces seven events of tremendous importance, yet while some have risen to legendary proportions – cloaked by myth and error – others have become all but forgotten despite their shocking details.\n\nAll are a warning from history:\n\nThe two ‘unsinkable’ ships\nBritain’s deadliest railway error\nThe torpedo that changed warfare\nAn engineering nightmare\nThe darkest day on the Thames\nThe English Hindenburg","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53663358,"asset_id":33654320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":257043,"first_name":"Friedrich","last_name":"Newman","domain_name":"herts","page_name":"FriedrichNewman","display_name":"Friedrich Newman","profile_url":"https://herts.academia.edu/FriedrichNewman?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/257043/63859/3191477/s65_friedrich.newman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":74,"name":"Transportation Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":85,"name":"Safety Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=123413"},{"id":3167,"name":"Disaster Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Studies?f_ri=123413"},{"id":3169,"name":"Railway Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Transport?f_ri=123413"},{"id":10432,"name":"Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation?f_ri=123413"},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=123413"},{"id":25721,"name":"Railway and Transportation History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_and_Transportation_History?f_ri=123413"},{"id":48820,"name":"Shipwrecks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipwrecks?f_ri=123413"},{"id":63883,"name":"Disasters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disasters?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":126587,"name":"Disaster Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Culture?f_ri=123413"},{"id":181995,"name":"Aeronautics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aeronautics?f_ri=123413"},{"id":230164,"name":"Titanic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Titanic?f_ri=123413"},{"id":732065,"name":"Railway Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":781105,"name":"Airships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Airships?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13206049 coauthored" data-work_id="13206049" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13206049/Maritime_Safety_and_Environmental_Protection_in_Europe_Multiple_Layers_in_Regulation_and_Compliance">Maritime Safety and Environmental Protection in Europe. Multiple Layers in Regulation and Compliance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13206049" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dde07630e35a55b995273dd11cb41ee9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37980733,"asset_id":13206049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37980733/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25232813" href="https://up-pt.academia.edu/MartaChantalRibeiro">Marta Chantal Ribeiro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25232813" type="text/json">{"id":25232813,"first_name":"Marta Chantal","last_name":"Ribeiro","domain_name":"up-pt","page_name":"MartaChantalRibeiro","display_name":"Marta Chantal Ribeiro","profile_url":"https://up-pt.academia.edu/MartaChantalRibeiro?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25232813/6867063/7749311/s65_marta_chantal.ribeiro.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13206049">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13206049"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NunoAntunes2">Nuno Antunes</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aegean.academia.edu/IoannisStribis">Ioannis Stribis</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippeGautier1">Philippe Gautier</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrostadMagne">Frostad Magne</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13206049'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13206049').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13206049 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13206049"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13206049, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13206049", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13206049 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13206049; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13206049"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13206049 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13206049"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13206049; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13206049]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13206049").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13206049").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13206049"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13206049]'), work: {"id":13206049,"title":"Maritime Safety and Environmental Protection in Europe. Multiple Layers in Regulation and Compliance","created_at":"2015-06-23T05:26:35.209-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13206049/Maritime_Safety_and_Environmental_Protection_in_Europe_Multiple_Layers_in_Regulation_and_Compliance?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_13206049","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37980733,"asset_id":13206049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25232813,"first_name":"Marta Chantal","last_name":"Ribeiro","domain_name":"up-pt","page_name":"MartaChantalRibeiro","display_name":"Marta Chantal Ribeiro","profile_url":"https://up-pt.academia.edu/MartaChantalRibeiro?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25232813/6867063/7749311/s65_marta_chantal.ribeiro.jpg"},{"id":40518166,"first_name":"Nuno","last_name":"Antunes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NunoAntunes2","display_name":"Nuno Antunes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NunoAntunes2?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":1225241,"first_name":"Ioannis","last_name":"Stribis","domain_name":"aegean","page_name":"IoannisStribis","display_name":"Ioannis Stribis","profile_url":"https://aegean.academia.edu/IoannisStribis?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":54446254,"first_name":"Philippe","last_name":"Gautier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilippeGautier1","display_name":"Philippe Gautier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippeGautier1?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":54385253,"first_name":"Frostad","last_name":"Magne","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrostadMagne","display_name":"Frostad Magne","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrostadMagne?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37503459" data-work_id="37503459" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37503459/Multilateral_Structures_in_the_Indian_Ocean_Review_and_Way_Ahead">Multilateral Structures in the Indian Ocean: Review and Way Ahead</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper reviews the existing multilateral structures in the IOR - notably the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) – in the context of various geopolitical facets, ranging from geo-economics to regional security and good order. It... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37503459" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper reviews the existing multilateral structures in the IOR - notably the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) – in the context of various geopolitical facets, ranging from geo-economics to regional security and good order. It examines and recommends options to bolster economic multilateralism in the IOR though a comprehensive two-fold approach. The first one seeks to enhance intra-regional trade, maritime-economic connectivity, and technology sharing, delving into issues relating to a region-wide FTAs, the amalgamation of economic corridors within IORA, and, the ‘Make in India’ initiative. The second is founded upon the indispensability of a secure and conducive maritime environment for economic development, and addresses Maritime Safety and Security (MSS), as also ‘good order’ in the IOR.  It suggests measures to bolster the IORA’s nascent MSS architecture with a web of bilateral, trilateral and sub-regional mechanisms, emphasising the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) as the key functional enabler of IORA’s MSS agenda. It also examines the imminent challenges relating to Freedom of Navigation (FoN), and undertakes an appraisal of Sri Lanka’s draft Code of Conduct (CoC) for the Indian Ocean. The arguments presented hinge upon the suggestion that the collective approach of the IOR countries should ideally be in consonance with India’s prime-ministerial enunciation of the concept of SAGAR — Security And Growth for All in the Region. If each Indian Ocean country’s economy is a ‘boat’, the Indian ‘boat’ cannot rise unless all ‘boats’ rise with a rising economic tide.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37503459" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22676f584820b4246c03d68018c29170" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57474799,"asset_id":37503459,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57474799/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4528483" href="https://usnwc.academia.edu/GurpreetSinghKhurana">Gurpreet Singh Khurana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4528483" type="text/json">{"id":4528483,"first_name":"Gurpreet Singh","last_name":"Khurana","domain_name":"usnwc","page_name":"GurpreetSinghKhurana","display_name":"Gurpreet Singh Khurana","profile_url":"https://usnwc.academia.edu/GurpreetSinghKhurana?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4528483/3883707/30406911/s65_gurpreet.khurana.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37503459 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37503459"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37503459, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37503459", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37503459]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37503459").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37503459").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37503459"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="380" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies">Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="380" type="text/json">{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37503459]'), work: {"id":37503459,"title":"Multilateral Structures in the Indian Ocean: Review and Way Ahead","created_at":"2018-09-30T09:28:16.056-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37503459/Multilateral_Structures_in_the_Indian_Ocean_Review_and_Way_Ahead?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_37503459","summary":"This paper reviews the existing multilateral structures in the IOR - notably the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) – in the context of various geopolitical facets, ranging from geo-economics to regional security and good order. It examines and recommends options to bolster economic multilateralism in the IOR though a comprehensive two-fold approach. The first one seeks to enhance intra-regional trade, maritime-economic connectivity, and technology sharing, delving into issues relating to a region-wide FTAs, the amalgamation of economic corridors within IORA, and, the ‘Make in India’ initiative. The second is founded upon the indispensability of a secure and conducive maritime environment for economic development, and addresses Maritime Safety and Security (MSS), as also ‘good order’ in the IOR. It suggests measures to bolster the IORA’s nascent MSS architecture with a web of bilateral, trilateral and sub-regional mechanisms, emphasising the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) as the key functional enabler of IORA’s MSS agenda. It also examines the imminent challenges relating to Freedom of Navigation (FoN), and undertakes an appraisal of Sri Lanka’s draft Code of Conduct (CoC) for the Indian Ocean. The arguments presented hinge upon the suggestion that the collective approach of the IOR countries should ideally be in consonance with India’s prime-ministerial enunciation of the concept of SAGAR — Security And Growth for All in the Region. If each Indian Ocean country’s economy is a ‘boat’, the Indian ‘boat’ cannot rise unless all ‘boats’ rise with a rising economic tide.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57474799,"asset_id":37503459,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4528483,"first_name":"Gurpreet Singh","last_name":"Khurana","domain_name":"usnwc","page_name":"GurpreetSinghKhurana","display_name":"Gurpreet Singh Khurana","profile_url":"https://usnwc.academia.edu/GurpreetSinghKhurana?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4528483/3883707/30406911/s65_gurpreet.khurana.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413"},{"id":48814,"name":"Indian Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean?f_ri=123413"},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413"},{"id":83860,"name":"Multilateralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilateralism?f_ri=123413"},{"id":105406,"name":"Geographical Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographical_Economics?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":886727,"name":"Indo-Pacific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Pacific?f_ri=123413"},{"id":967870,"name":"Indo Pacific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo_Pacific?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1002942,"name":"Indian Ocean Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_Region?f_ri=123413"},{"id":2544325,"name":"IORA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IORA?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37109092" data-work_id="37109092" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37109092/Shipping_operations_support_in_the_High_North_examining_availability_of_icebreakers_along_the_Northern_Sea_Route">Shipping operations support in the "High North": examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A rather significant number of business entities already operate within (or, have considered to exploit) the Arctic region, focusing upon previously untapped resources such as precious minerals and large quantities of oil and gas;... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37109092" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A rather significant number of business entities already operate within (or, have considered to exploit) the Arctic region, focusing upon previously untapped resources such as precious minerals and large quantities of oil and gas; touristic and fishing activities are clearly on the rise, with various endeavors of maritime transport also being put forward. Up until recently, harsh year-long environmental conditions have significantly hindered the necessary access and transport connections in the Arctic. Even in the case that weather conditions did permit vessels' passage, unreliable navigational aids and lack of infrastructure/support provided obstacles difficult to overcome. However, environmental data recorded during the last couple of decades clearly indicates that there is a continuous decline of ice coverage in the BHigh North.^ Given this steady decline, the Arctic has now been viewed as a promising field for economic activities and is considered as a potential connecting corridor between Asia and Europe/America (and vice-versa). As human presence and operations are expected to intensify there, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the current level of support towards ships that will be crossing the region; capabilities in relation to search and rescue (SAR) operations and oil spill response are also important. The analysis in hand will first deliver a discussion of the so-called Arctic Passages. While various different maritime routes have been proposed in relation to the Arctic, the most promising one, the Northern Sea Route (NSR), will provide the epicenter of discussion. Through an extensive literature review that includes numerous internet resources, the current WMU J Marit Affairs (2018) 17:129–147 Shipping operations support in the BHigh North^: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route analysis will identify the numbers of icebreakers already operating in the NSR, as well as those that will be commissioned into service in the near future. The choice to research the specific type of vessels is supported by a simple argument: icebreakers currently are and will continue to be in the foreseeable future the main Btool^ to support shipping activities in the Arctic. Furthermore, emergency management capabilities in the Russian Arctic will be examined to include the current state of rescue coordination centres along with the availability of SAR assets. Additionally, the efforts thus far by the Arctic Council to increase coordination and interaction among the States involved in Arctic affairs will be summarized; the latter will be achieved via a brief review of a very important legally binding agreement: the Bsearch and rescue^ instrument. In conclusion, the Russian State has already heavily invested in icebreakers' building and their current number is fully capable to handle the present level of limited traffic. On the other hand, ships are currently faced with long distances to cross (often without adequate support) adverse environmental conditions, unpredictable hurdles, and slow response times in case of an emergency. Therefore, in case ships operating in the region are increased, it will be difficult to deal with all the additional demands for support. Of particular interest is the fact that considering the vast area of the NSR, the overall available response capabilities in the region under discussion are rather thin; any further increase of maritime traffic in the BHigh North^ must be balanced with additional strengthening of emergency management capabilities. In any case, should the NSR become fully integrated in the global maritime transport system, Russia's geopolitical status will be clearly improved and further research is needed to discuss the implications both at the regional and global levels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37109092" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cd81cfc035164238b09e4e2032897533" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57060647,"asset_id":37109092,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57060647/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28735534" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28735534" type="text/json">{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37109092 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37109092"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37109092, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37109092", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37109092 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37109092; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37109092"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37109092 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37109092"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37109092; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37109092]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37109092").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37109092").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37109092"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="111098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_and_Rescue">Search and Rescue</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="111098" type="text/json">{"id":111098,"name":"Search and Rescue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_and_Rescue?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1023350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports_and_Maritime_Security">Ports & Maritime Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1023350" type="text/json">{"id":1023350,"name":"Ports \u0026 Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports_and_Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1023352" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Operation_In_Maritime_and_Shipping_Industry">International Operation In Maritime & Shipping Industry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1023352" type="text/json">{"id":1023352,"name":"International Operation In Maritime \u0026 Shipping Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Operation_In_Maritime_and_Shipping_Industry?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37109092]'), work: {"id":37109092,"title":"Shipping operations support in the \"High North\": \r\nexamining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route","created_at":"2018-07-24T03:02:31.510-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37109092/Shipping_operations_support_in_the_High_North_examining_availability_of_icebreakers_along_the_Northern_Sea_Route?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_37109092","summary":"A rather significant number of business entities already operate within (or, have considered to exploit) the Arctic region, focusing upon previously untapped resources such as precious minerals and large quantities of oil and gas; touristic and fishing activities are clearly on the rise, with various endeavors of maritime transport also being put forward. Up until recently, harsh year-long environmental conditions have significantly hindered the necessary access and transport connections in the Arctic. Even in the case that weather conditions did permit vessels' passage, unreliable navigational aids and lack of infrastructure/support provided obstacles difficult to overcome. However, environmental data recorded during the last couple of decades clearly indicates that there is a continuous decline of ice coverage in the BHigh North.^ Given this steady decline, the Arctic has now been viewed as a promising field for economic activities and is considered as a potential connecting corridor between Asia and Europe/America (and vice-versa). As human presence and operations are expected to intensify there, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the current level of support towards ships that will be crossing the region; capabilities in relation to search and rescue (SAR) operations and oil spill response are also important. The analysis in hand will first deliver a discussion of the so-called Arctic Passages. While various different maritime routes have been proposed in relation to the Arctic, the most promising one, the Northern Sea Route (NSR), will provide the epicenter of discussion. Through an extensive literature review that includes numerous internet resources, the current WMU J Marit Affairs (2018) 17:129–147 Shipping operations support in the BHigh North^: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route analysis will identify the numbers of icebreakers already operating in the NSR, as well as those that will be commissioned into service in the near future. The choice to research the specific type of vessels is supported by a simple argument: icebreakers currently are and will continue to be in the foreseeable future the main Btool^ to support shipping activities in the Arctic. Furthermore, emergency management capabilities in the Russian Arctic will be examined to include the current state of rescue coordination centres along with the availability of SAR assets. Additionally, the efforts thus far by the Arctic Council to increase coordination and interaction among the States involved in Arctic affairs will be summarized; the latter will be achieved via a brief review of a very important legally binding agreement: the Bsearch and rescue^ instrument. In conclusion, the Russian State has already heavily invested in icebreakers' building and their current number is fully capable to handle the present level of limited traffic. On the other hand, ships are currently faced with long distances to cross (often without adequate support) adverse environmental conditions, unpredictable hurdles, and slow response times in case of an emergency. Therefore, in case ships operating in the region are increased, it will be difficult to deal with all the additional demands for support. Of particular interest is the fact that considering the vast area of the NSR, the overall available response capabilities in the region under discussion are rather thin; any further increase of maritime traffic in the BHigh North^ must be balanced with additional strengthening of emergency management capabilities. In any case, should the NSR become fully integrated in the global maritime transport system, Russia's geopolitical status will be clearly improved and further research is needed to discuss the implications both at the regional and global levels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57060647,"asset_id":37109092,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":111098,"name":"Search and Rescue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_and_Rescue?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1023350,"name":"Ports \u0026 Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports_and_Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1023352,"name":"International Operation In Maritime \u0026 Shipping Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Operation_In_Maritime_and_Shipping_Industry?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1029711,"name":"International Maritime Organization (IMO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Maritime_Organization_IMO_?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34819625 coauthored" data-work_id="34819625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34819625/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs">Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34819625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called "Arctic Passages ". Considering that ice and ice-pacts will remain a concern in the future, the support of icebreakers will still be needed to facilitate the safe passage of ships. Mapping the current state of the particular types of vessels available is the main aim, with a particular focus on individual key players: the Russian Federation (RF), the United States of America (USA) and Canada. Finally, a critical evaluation of the respective needs for the future is taking place. For certain countries under examination, the current state of ice-breaking capabilities is somewhat disconcerting given the expected demand in the Arctic region in coming years coupled with the lengthy acquisition and production process required of a new ice-breaking fleet; their important escalation to cover the current gap is clearly a high priority.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34819625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13c0033c2b6503caa1601d34a2d8c5d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54678662,"asset_id":34819625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54678662/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65327851" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MDREWNIAK">Megan DREWNIAK</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65327851" type="text/json">{"id":65327851,"first_name":"Megan","last_name":"DREWNIAK","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MDREWNIAK","display_name":"Megan DREWNIAK","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MDREWNIAK?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34819625">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34819625"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34819625'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34819625').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34819625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34819625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34819625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34819625", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34819625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34819625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34819625"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34819625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34819625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34819625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34819625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34819625").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34819625").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34819625"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72935" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_Governance">Arctic Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72935" type="text/json">{"id":72935,"name":"Arctic Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_Governance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75267" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education">Maritime Training and Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75267" type="text/json">{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="121698" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_and_Antarctic_politics_science_policy_geopolitics_of_the_polar_regions_international_relat">Arctic and Antarctic politics, science policy, geopolitics of the polar regions, international relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="121698" type="text/json">{"id":121698,"name":"Arctic and Antarctic politics, science policy, geopolitics of the polar regions, international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_and_Antarctic_politics_science_policy_geopolitics_of_the_polar_regions_international_relat?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34819625]'), work: {"id":34819625,"title":"Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs","created_at":"2017-10-10T08:07:40.342-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34819625/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_34819625","summary":"As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called \"Arctic Passages \". Considering that ice and ice-pacts will remain a concern in the future, the support of icebreakers will still be needed to facilitate the safe passage of ships. Mapping the current state of the particular types of vessels available is the main aim, with a particular focus on individual key players: the Russian Federation (RF), the United States of America (USA) and Canada. Finally, a critical evaluation of the respective needs for the future is taking place. For certain countries under examination, the current state of ice-breaking capabilities is somewhat disconcerting given the expected demand in the Arctic region in coming years coupled with the lengthy acquisition and production process required of a new ice-breaking fleet; their important escalation to cover the current gap is clearly a high priority.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54678662,"asset_id":34819625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65327851,"first_name":"Megan","last_name":"DREWNIAK","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MDREWNIAK","display_name":"Megan DREWNIAK","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MDREWNIAK?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"},{"id":37662326,"first_name":"Fabio","last_name":"Ballini","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"FabioBallini","display_name":"Fabio Ballini","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37662326/17290073/17401477/s65_fabio.ballini.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72935,"name":"Arctic Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_Governance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":121698,"name":"Arctic and Antarctic politics, science policy, geopolitics of the polar regions, international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_and_Antarctic_politics_science_policy_geopolitics_of_the_polar_regions_international_relat?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1023352,"name":"International Operation In Maritime \u0026 Shipping Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Operation_In_Maritime_and_Shipping_Industry?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26092306" data-work_id="26092306" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26092306/International_Safety_Management_ISM_Course_Introduction">International Safety Management (ISM) Course : Introduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26092306" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aff71efef5c2c39bd06ae7335888ec7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46445209,"asset_id":26092306,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46445209/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9626691" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EngrKhairulmuzammilYUZRI">Engr. Khairulmuzammil YUZRI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9626691" type="text/json">{"id":9626691,"first_name":"Engr. Khairulmuzammil","last_name":"YUZRI","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EngrKhairulmuzammilYUZRI","display_name":"Engr. Khairulmuzammil YUZRI","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EngrKhairulmuzammilYUZRI?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9626691/3604801/20783269/s65_engr._khairulmuzammil.yuzri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26092306 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26092306"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26092306, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26092306", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26092306 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26092306; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26092306"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26092306 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26092306"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26092306; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26092306]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26092306").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26092306").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26092306"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_sharing">Knowledge sharing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5527" type="text/json">{"id":5527,"name":"Knowledge sharing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_sharing?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49161" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety">Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49161" type="text/json">{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26092306]'), work: {"id":26092306,"title":"International Safety Management (ISM) Course : Introduction","created_at":"2016-06-13T12:54:24.892-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26092306/International_Safety_Management_ISM_Course_Introduction?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_26092306","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46445209,"asset_id":26092306,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9626691,"first_name":"Engr. Khairulmuzammil","last_name":"YUZRI","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EngrKhairulmuzammilYUZRI","display_name":"Engr. Khairulmuzammil YUZRI","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EngrKhairulmuzammilYUZRI?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9626691/3604801/20783269/s65_engr._khairulmuzammil.yuzri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5527,"name":"Knowledge sharing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_sharing?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":317626,"name":"Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413"},{"id":625298,"name":"Safety Management Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Management_Systems?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1248410,"name":"International Safety Management of Ships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Safety_Management_of_Ships?f_ri=123413"},{"id":2008430,"name":"ISM code","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ISM_code?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27216056" data-work_id="27216056" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27216056/INTERNATIONAL_REGULATIONS_FOR_PREVENTING_COLLISIONS_AT_SEA_OCT_15_HELLENIC_NAVAL_ACADEMY">INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, OCT 15 HELLENIC NAVAL ACADEMY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">COLREG PROVISIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27216056" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f54de12420b25e6879b2c46b3a9eb809" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47472995,"asset_id":27216056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47472995/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46739317" href="https://hna.academia.edu/GeorgeChrysochou">George Chrysochou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46739317" type="text/json">{"id":46739317,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Chrysochou","domain_name":"hna","page_name":"GeorgeChrysochou","display_name":"George Chrysochou","profile_url":"https://hna.academia.edu/GeorgeChrysochou?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46739317/12352209/13750900/s65_george.chrysochou.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27216056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27216056"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27216056, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27216056", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27216056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27216056; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27216056"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27216056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27216056"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27216056; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27216056]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27216056").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27216056").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27216056"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3836" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law">Maritime Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3836" type="text/json">{"id":3836,"name":"Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59695" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Navigation">Navigation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59695" type="text/json">{"id":59695,"name":"Navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Navigation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1551624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COLREGS">COLREGS</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1551624" type="text/json">{"id":1551624,"name":"COLREGS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COLREGS?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27216056]'), work: {"id":27216056,"title":"INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, OCT 15 HELLENIC NAVAL ACADEMY","created_at":"2016-07-24T03:37:15.500-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27216056/INTERNATIONAL_REGULATIONS_FOR_PREVENTING_COLLISIONS_AT_SEA_OCT_15_HELLENIC_NAVAL_ACADEMY?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_27216056","summary":"COLREG PROVISIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47472995,"asset_id":27216056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46739317,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Chrysochou","domain_name":"hna","page_name":"GeorgeChrysochou","display_name":"George Chrysochou","profile_url":"https://hna.academia.edu/GeorgeChrysochou?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46739317/12352209/13750900/s65_george.chrysochou.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3836,"name":"Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":59695,"name":"Navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Navigation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1551624,"name":"COLREGS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COLREGS?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38919794" data-work_id="38919794" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38919794/Integrated_Man_overboard_MOB_search_and_rescue_system_IMOB_SARS_An_Overview">Integrated Man overboard MOB search and rescue system (IMOB -SARS) -An Overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Man overboard (MOB) is defined a person who has fallen to the sea from a boat or a vessel in the water and needing to rescue; this person may be crew member of coast gourd, merchant ship or fisher. According to previous studies,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38919794" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Man overboard (MOB) is defined a person who has fallen to the sea from a boat or a vessel in the water and needing to rescue; this person may be crew member of coast gourd, merchant ship or fisher. According to previous studies, international maritime conventions such as SOLAS, MLC, and STCW covered emergency procedures of MOB accident. There are two gaps; first, there is no any automatic systems needed to be onboard to detect MOB at the moment of falling overboard, where statistics illustrate that up to 75% of MOB finally died or missed due to nobody saw them at the moment of falling, especially if the ship steaming high speed. The second gap is that the smoke life buoy is not effective to rescue the victim due to ship's movement away from him, especially in the presence of white horse in rough sea, and if he doesn't wear life jacket. Therefore, drones equipped with smoke life buoy, GPS, and thermal camera will be effective more than traditional equipment. The research discusses and analyses the extremely useful of implementation an integrated MOB rescue system onboard ship for monitoring, tracking and rescuing. These systems use an infrared human motion detector or wrest band which transmit signal for bridge receiver to give alarm once person fall in water; this is called automatic MOB detection system, ECDIS built-in SAR software and drones for quick response to arrive accurate position of victim. Research aims to improve rescue operation of MOB to reduce loss of life at sea, through the amendment of current international maritime convention related to MOB emergency procedures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38919794" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8500c768f012d77873f1120895091bf0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59019873,"asset_id":38919794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59019873/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="108046056" href="https://aast.academia.edu/AbdelkhalikSelmy">Abdelkhalik Selmy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="108046056" type="text/json">{"id":108046056,"first_name":"Abdelkhalik","last_name":"Selmy","domain_name":"aast","page_name":"AbdelkhalikSelmy","display_name":"Abdelkhalik Selmy","profile_url":"https://aast.academia.edu/AbdelkhalikSelmy?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108046056/25105945/37113351/s65_abdelkhalik.selmy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38919794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38919794"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38919794, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38919794", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38919794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38919794").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38919794").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38919794"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3836" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law">Maritime Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3836" type="text/json">{"id":3836,"name":"Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59695" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Navigation">Navigation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59695" type="text/json">{"id":59695,"name":"Navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Navigation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38919794]'), work: {"id":38919794,"title":"Integrated Man overboard MOB search and rescue system (IMOB -SARS) -An Overview","created_at":"2019-04-24T13:45:23.609-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38919794/Integrated_Man_overboard_MOB_search_and_rescue_system_IMOB_SARS_An_Overview?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_38919794","summary":"Man overboard (MOB) is defined a person who has fallen to the sea from a boat or a vessel in the water and needing to rescue; this person may be crew member of coast gourd, merchant ship or fisher. According to previous studies, international maritime conventions such as SOLAS, MLC, and STCW covered emergency procedures of MOB accident. There are two gaps; first, there is no any automatic systems needed to be onboard to detect MOB at the moment of falling overboard, where statistics illustrate that up to 75% of MOB finally died or missed due to nobody saw them at the moment of falling, especially if the ship steaming high speed. The second gap is that the smoke life buoy is not effective to rescue the victim due to ship's movement away from him, especially in the presence of white horse in rough sea, and if he doesn't wear life jacket. Therefore, drones equipped with smoke life buoy, GPS, and thermal camera will be effective more than traditional equipment. The research discusses and analyses the extremely useful of implementation an integrated MOB rescue system onboard ship for monitoring, tracking and rescuing. These systems use an infrared human motion detector or wrest band which transmit signal for bridge receiver to give alarm once person fall in water; this is called automatic MOB detection system, ECDIS built-in SAR software and drones for quick response to arrive accurate position of victim. Research aims to improve rescue operation of MOB to reduce loss of life at sea, through the amendment of current international maritime convention related to MOB emergency procedures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59019873,"asset_id":38919794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":108046056,"first_name":"Abdelkhalik","last_name":"Selmy","domain_name":"aast","page_name":"AbdelkhalikSelmy","display_name":"Abdelkhalik Selmy","profile_url":"https://aast.academia.edu/AbdelkhalikSelmy?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108046056/25105945/37113351/s65_abdelkhalik.selmy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":3836,"name":"Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":59695,"name":"Navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Navigation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":63770,"name":"Seafarers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seafarers?f_ri=123413"},{"id":63772,"name":"Seafarers fatigue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seafarers_fatigue?f_ri=123413"},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413"},{"id":111098,"name":"Search and Rescue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_and_Rescue?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":629854,"name":"Fishing Boat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishing_Boat?f_ri=123413"},{"id":704485,"name":"Analysis of Marine Accidents to Improve design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Marine_Accidents_to_Improve_design?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1023352,"name":"International Operation In Maritime \u0026 Shipping Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Operation_In_Maritime_and_Shipping_Industry?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1029711,"name":"International Maritime Organization (IMO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Maritime_Organization_IMO_?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36140263 coauthored" data-work_id="36140263" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36140263/E_NAVIGATION_DIGITALIZATION_AND_UNMANNED_SHIPS_CHALLENGES_FOR_FUTURE_MARITIME_EDUCATION_AND_TRAINING">E-NAVIGATION, DIGITALIZATION AND UNMANNED SHIPS: CHALLENGES FOR FUTURE MARITIME EDUCATION AND TRAINING</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present situation in international shipping is characterized by rapid technological developments effecting the basic concepts of operating ships and even changing traditional paradigms of controlling ships. The e-Navigation concept... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36140263" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present situation in international shipping is characterized by rapid technological developments effecting the basic concepts of operating ships and even changing traditional paradigms of controlling ships. The e-Navigation concept developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) and commonly defined as the "harmonized collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of marine information on board and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment" [1] focuses on better and more comprehensive support of the human operators. However, modern Information and Communication technologies (ICT) are not only core to the implementation of the e-Navigation strategy but provide good foundation for automation of systems. The progressing digitalization further press ahead application of integrated and automated systems to steer even large seagoing ships. The manifold abilities of those technologies and companies looking for more cost-effective solutions are presenting autonomous navigation and unmanned shipping as soon to come. Taking this for granted, it will not happen that all ships will operate unmanned and autonomously. It is assumed that there will be periods when unmanned ships will operate together with unmanned either autonomous or remote controlled ships. Mixed traffic scenarios seem to be especially challenging in terms of the safety and efficiency of the vessel traffic flow. In this paper we present investigations and some first preliminary results of a simulation study which researched for the very first time traffic scenarios including conventional manned and future unmanned ships. Simulation trials have been planned, designed and implemented in order to study different equipment options for monitoring and remote controlling unmanned ships navigating in a coastal area covered by Vessel Traffic Services (VTS). In this pilot study first trials have been conducted with experienced seafarers and non-experienced personnel from the maritime domain. Indicators have been developed for purposes of analysis and comparison of different groups and equipment options. The outcome of these trials will be discussed in the light of evolutionary needs of operators working in control centers and requirements from human operators when remotely operating unmanned ships in areas with conventional traffic. Basic data for contributing to job profiles and training needs to be included in maritime training schemes will be introduced.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36140263" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6273b4767f89e8c9ea769f2e0b4bd74" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56032900,"asset_id":36140263,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56032900/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34370360" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelBaldauf">Michael Baldauf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34370360" type="text/json">{"id":34370360,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Baldauf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelBaldauf","display_name":"Michael Baldauf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelBaldauf?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36140263">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36140263"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36140263'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36140263').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36140263 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36140263"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36140263, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36140263", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36140263 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36140263; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36140263"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36140263 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36140263"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36140263; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36140263]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36140263").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36140263").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36140263"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75267" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education">Maritime Training and Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75267" type="text/json">{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="947378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Simulation_exercises">Behavioral Simulation exercises</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="947378" type="text/json">{"id":947378,"name":"Behavioral Simulation exercises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Simulation_exercises?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36140263]'), work: {"id":36140263,"title":"E-NAVIGATION, DIGITALIZATION AND UNMANNED SHIPS: CHALLENGES FOR FUTURE MARITIME EDUCATION AND TRAINING","created_at":"2018-03-12T07:04:44.882-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36140263/E_NAVIGATION_DIGITALIZATION_AND_UNMANNED_SHIPS_CHALLENGES_FOR_FUTURE_MARITIME_EDUCATION_AND_TRAINING?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_36140263","summary":"The present situation in international shipping is characterized by rapid technological developments effecting the basic concepts of operating ships and even changing traditional paradigms of controlling ships. The e-Navigation concept developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) and commonly defined as the \"harmonized collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of marine information on board and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment\" [1] focuses on better and more comprehensive support of the human operators. However, modern Information and Communication technologies (ICT) are not only core to the implementation of the e-Navigation strategy but provide good foundation for automation of systems. The progressing digitalization further press ahead application of integrated and automated systems to steer even large seagoing ships. The manifold abilities of those technologies and companies looking for more cost-effective solutions are presenting autonomous navigation and unmanned shipping as soon to come. Taking this for granted, it will not happen that all ships will operate unmanned and autonomously. It is assumed that there will be periods when unmanned ships will operate together with unmanned either autonomous or remote controlled ships. Mixed traffic scenarios seem to be especially challenging in terms of the safety and efficiency of the vessel traffic flow. In this paper we present investigations and some first preliminary results of a simulation study which researched for the very first time traffic scenarios including conventional manned and future unmanned ships. Simulation trials have been planned, designed and implemented in order to study different equipment options for monitoring and remote controlling unmanned ships navigating in a coastal area covered by Vessel Traffic Services (VTS). In this pilot study first trials have been conducted with experienced seafarers and non-experienced personnel from the maritime domain. Indicators have been developed for purposes of analysis and comparison of different groups and equipment options. The outcome of these trials will be discussed in the light of evolutionary needs of operators working in control centers and requirements from human operators when remotely operating unmanned ships in areas with conventional traffic. Basic data for contributing to job profiles and training needs to be included in maritime training schemes will be introduced.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56032900,"asset_id":36140263,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34370360,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Baldauf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelBaldauf","display_name":"Michael Baldauf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelBaldauf?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":947378,"name":"Behavioral Simulation exercises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Simulation_exercises?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38744383" data-work_id="38744383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38744383/Maritime_English_holds_a_great_stake_in_the_both_safety_and_security_of_merchant_vessels">Maritime English holds a great stake in the both safety and security of merchant vessels</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Shipping is the industry that can be characterized as the largest international and the most globalised one, as about 90% of the world trade transported by sea٠ What we see today is a series of structural changes transformed the world's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38744383" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Shipping is the industry that can be characterized as the largest international and the most globalised one, as about 90% of the world trade transported by sea٠ What we see today is a series of structural changes transformed the world's shipping industry to its today's globalised character٠ The number of the international maritime cooperation's appears to be increased as frames of multinational shipping companies formulating multicultural constellations in the goal of the shipping industry٠ Therefore, the era of mixed crews bodies of the maritime manpower various nationalities are existed٠Furthermore, the world's largest fleets are attacked by crews multiculturalism, in fact mixed nationality crews are not a new phenomenon but it became a 'hot' issue nowadays٠ The human factor is often point out in the explanation of many of today's accidents at sea, so Communication difficulties often occur in these areas due in part to cultural languages differences but also due to language 'barriers'٠ IMO recent analyses illustrate the problem if there are any lessons to be learned for the future. The paper reveals the importance of maritime English, the language of the sea, as the fundamental of all communications between ship and shore members, and the needs of sufficient English language skills (on board ships, shipping companies members, and maritime instructors) that plays an important role in the development of safety and security on board merchant ships٠</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38744383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39f8e0da77ec9df03e4e68e7b54db9e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58831624,"asset_id":38744383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58831624/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="108046056" href="https://aast.academia.edu/AbdelkhalikSelmy">Abdelkhalik Selmy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="108046056" type="text/json">{"id":108046056,"first_name":"Abdelkhalik","last_name":"Selmy","domain_name":"aast","page_name":"AbdelkhalikSelmy","display_name":"Abdelkhalik Selmy","profile_url":"https://aast.academia.edu/AbdelkhalikSelmy?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108046056/25105945/37113351/s65_abdelkhalik.selmy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38744383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38744383"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38744383, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38744383", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38744383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38744383").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38744383").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38744383"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75267" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education">Maritime Training and Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75267" type="text/json">{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="111098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_and_Rescue">Search and Rescue</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="111098" type="text/json">{"id":111098,"name":"Search and Rescue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_and_Rescue?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="117855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies">Maritime Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="117855" type="text/json">{"id":117855,"name":"Maritime Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38744383]'), work: {"id":38744383,"title":"Maritime English holds a great stake in the both safety and security of merchant vessels","created_at":"2019-04-08T14:27:46.400-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38744383/Maritime_English_holds_a_great_stake_in_the_both_safety_and_security_of_merchant_vessels?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_38744383","summary":"Shipping is the industry that can be characterized as the largest international and the most globalised one, as about 90% of the world trade transported by sea٠ What we see today is a series of structural changes transformed the world's shipping industry to its today's globalised character٠ The number of the international maritime cooperation's appears to be increased as frames of multinational shipping companies formulating multicultural constellations in the goal of the shipping industry٠ Therefore, the era of mixed crews bodies of the maritime manpower various nationalities are existed٠Furthermore, the world's largest fleets are attacked by crews multiculturalism, in fact mixed nationality crews are not a new phenomenon but it became a 'hot' issue nowadays٠ The human factor is often point out in the explanation of many of today's accidents at sea, so Communication difficulties often occur in these areas due in part to cultural languages differences but also due to language 'barriers'٠ IMO recent analyses illustrate the problem if there are any lessons to be learned for the future. The paper reveals the importance of maritime English, the language of the sea, as the fundamental of all communications between ship and shore members, and the needs of sufficient English language skills (on board ships, shipping companies members, and maritime instructors) that plays an important role in the development of safety and security on board merchant ships٠","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58831624,"asset_id":38744383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":108046056,"first_name":"Abdelkhalik","last_name":"Selmy","domain_name":"aast","page_name":"AbdelkhalikSelmy","display_name":"Abdelkhalik Selmy","profile_url":"https://aast.academia.edu/AbdelkhalikSelmy?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108046056/25105945/37113351/s65_abdelkhalik.selmy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":111098,"name":"Search and Rescue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_and_Rescue?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":117855,"name":"Maritime Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1023352,"name":"International Operation In Maritime \u0026 Shipping Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Operation_In_Maritime_and_Shipping_Industry?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1029711,"name":"International Maritime Organization (IMO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Maritime_Organization_IMO_?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22951299 coauthored" data-work_id="22951299" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22951299/TEAM_TRAINING_IN_SAFETY_AND_SECURITY_VIA_SIMULATION_A_PRACTICAL_DIMENSION_OF_MARITIME_EDUCATION_AND_TRAINING">TEAM TRAINING IN SAFETY AND SECURITY VIA SIMULATION: A PRACTICAL DIMENSION OF MARITIME EDUCATION AND TRAINING</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicenter of any successful career-building path is tailor-made training via cutting-edge simulators. To cut a long story short, the breadth of operations on the various... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22951299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicenter of any successful career-building path is tailor-made training via cutting-edge simulators. To cut a long story short, the breadth of operations on the various types of ships has expanded to such a large extent that extensive practical training drills are becoming a compelling need to contribute to competent seafarers. This type of training can guarantee the positive outcome in their decision-making process and help the seafarers often being under continuous pressure, to suitably respond to the various safety and security threats on-board a vessel. The several conventions and codes introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) – including MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships), SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea), but moreover ISPS Code (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code) and STCW (Standards of Training Certification and Watch-keeping) being probably the most well-known examples both within and outside the maritime community – posing and requesting significant performance demands on crews. Sophisticated simulation series that promote teamwork and cooperation are the tools urgently needed to maximize training efficacy. Handling safety situations under stress (emergency response), crisis management and reactions towards a security incident are important aspects of Maritime Education and Training (MET). The authors' approach to address those aspects utilizes enhanced simulation based team training. They argue that an effective way to gain experience and achieve corresponding skills, are practice runs on specially designed simulators that realistically represent complex conditions on-board vessels, following the respective prompts though realistic scenarios. The concept of a safety & security training simulator is introduced; the research work related to the implementation of a learning objective oriented development of simulation training scenarios and the pedagogic value added by simulation to MET are also discussed. A very important recommendation is that maritime training needs should not be regarded simply as a means to achieve regulatory compliance. The value imparted by simulation as a pedagogic tool to the maritime teaching and learning process is tremendous; adopting the learning objective oriented development of simulation training scenarios in order to effectively address pre-identified learning outcomes is the right methodology to nurture competent seafarers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22951299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="848375b35c5ba0108f18fd427870883d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43473213,"asset_id":22951299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43473213/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28735534" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28735534" type="text/json">{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22951299">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22951299"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelBaldauf">Michael Baldauf</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22951299'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22951299').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22951299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22951299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22951299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22951299", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22951299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22951299; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22951299"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22951299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22951299"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22951299; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22951299]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22951299").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22951299").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22951299"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3023" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Training_and_Development">Training and Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3023" type="text/json">{"id":3023,"name":"Training and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Training_and_Development?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation">Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48636" type="text/json">{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75267" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education">Maritime Training and Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="75267" type="text/json">{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22951299]'), work: {"id":22951299,"title":"TEAM TRAINING IN SAFETY AND SECURITY VIA SIMULATION: A PRACTICAL DIMENSION OF MARITIME EDUCATION AND TRAINING","created_at":"2016-03-07T13:46:28.103-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22951299/TEAM_TRAINING_IN_SAFETY_AND_SECURITY_VIA_SIMULATION_A_PRACTICAL_DIMENSION_OF_MARITIME_EDUCATION_AND_TRAINING?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_22951299","summary":"In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicenter of any successful career-building path is tailor-made training via cutting-edge simulators. To cut a long story short, the breadth of operations on the various types of ships has expanded to such a large extent that extensive practical training drills are becoming a compelling need to contribute to competent seafarers. This type of training can guarantee the positive outcome in their decision-making process and help the seafarers often being under continuous pressure, to suitably respond to the various safety and security threats on-board a vessel. The several conventions and codes introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) – including MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships), SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea), but moreover ISPS Code (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code) and STCW (Standards of Training Certification and Watch-keeping) being probably the most well-known examples both within and outside the maritime community – posing and requesting significant performance demands on crews. Sophisticated simulation series that promote teamwork and cooperation are the tools urgently needed to maximize training efficacy. Handling safety situations under stress (emergency response), crisis management and reactions towards a security incident are important aspects of Maritime Education and Training (MET). The authors' approach to address those aspects utilizes enhanced simulation based team training. They argue that an effective way to gain experience and achieve corresponding skills, are practice runs on specially designed simulators that realistically represent complex conditions on-board vessels, following the respective prompts though realistic scenarios. The concept of a safety \u0026 security training simulator is introduced; the research work related to the implementation of a learning objective oriented development of simulation training scenarios and the pedagogic value added by simulation to MET are also discussed. A very important recommendation is that maritime training needs should not be regarded simply as a means to achieve regulatory compliance. The value imparted by simulation as a pedagogic tool to the maritime teaching and learning process is tremendous; adopting the learning objective oriented development of simulation training scenarios in order to effectively address pre-identified learning outcomes is the right methodology to nurture competent seafarers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43473213,"asset_id":22951299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"},{"id":34370360,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Baldauf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelBaldauf","display_name":"Michael Baldauf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelBaldauf?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3023,"name":"Training and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Training_and_Development?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":607715,"name":"Maritime Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Transportation?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38679150" data-work_id="38679150" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38679150/Safety_Culture_the_Cure_for_Human_Error_A_Critique">Safety Culture, the Cure for Human Error: A Critique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since the initial adoption of maritime safety standards, the focus was always on the ship"s design and equipment; nevertheless, many studies have revealed later that human factor and human error are the main reasons contributing to marine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38679150" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since the initial adoption of maritime safety standards, the focus was always on the ship"s design and equipment; nevertheless, many studies have revealed later that human factor and human error are the main reasons contributing to marine accidents. By the mid 1980"s the International Maritime Organization (IMO) gave attention to the role of human factor in the maritime accidents. IMO have adopted the concept of implanting the safety culture in shipping industry. The most significant instruments which were introduced to create safety culture are the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW 78/95) convention and the International Safety Management (ISM) code. After five years of implementing the two instruments, important questions which raise themselves now are: have ISM Code and STCW convention achieved their initial objectives related to the improvement of human performance in ship operations. Moreover, is safety culture rooted in the shipping industry?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38679150" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a476db4ec58b28433eb17f6f223f222" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58760202,"asset_id":38679150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58760202/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12539360" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EhabEtman">Ehab Etman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12539360" type="text/json">{"id":12539360,"first_name":"Ehab","last_name":"Etman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EhabEtman","display_name":"Ehab Etman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EhabEtman?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38679150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38679150"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38679150, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38679150", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38679150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38679150; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38679150"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38679150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38679150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38679150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38679150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38679150").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38679150").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38679150"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38679150]'), work: {"id":38679150,"title":"Safety Culture, the Cure for Human Error: A Critique","created_at":"2019-03-31T22:58:28.310-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38679150/Safety_Culture_the_Cure_for_Human_Error_A_Critique?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_38679150","summary":"Since the initial adoption of maritime safety standards, the focus was always on the ship\"s design and equipment; nevertheless, many studies have revealed later that human factor and human error are the main reasons contributing to marine accidents. By the mid 1980\"s the International Maritime Organization (IMO) gave attention to the role of human factor in the maritime accidents. IMO have adopted the concept of implanting the safety culture in shipping industry. The most significant instruments which were introduced to create safety culture are the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW 78/95) convention and the International Safety Management (ISM) code. After five years of implementing the two instruments, important questions which raise themselves now are: have ISM Code and STCW convention achieved their initial objectives related to the improvement of human performance in ship operations. Moreover, is safety culture rooted in the shipping industry?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58760202,"asset_id":38679150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12539360,"first_name":"Ehab","last_name":"Etman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EhabEtman","display_name":"Ehab Etman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EhabEtman?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25191884 coauthored" data-work_id="25191884" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25191884/HUMAN_FACTORS_IN_SHIP_DESIGN_AND_OPERATION_A_PRELIMINARY_SURVEY_OF_THE_THEORETICAL_CONSTRUCT">HUMAN FACTORS IN SHIP DESIGN AND OPERATION: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE THEORETICAL CONSTRUCT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">SUMMARY This technical note presents an analysis of the underlying factors of human factors in ship design based on questionnaires distributed on two offshore supply vessels operating in the Norwegian Sea. The concept of human factors in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25191884" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">SUMMARY This technical note presents an analysis of the underlying factors of human factors in ship design based on questionnaires distributed on two offshore supply vessels operating in the Norwegian Sea. The concept of human factors in ship design is still evolving. The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary model of the human factors construct by using a factor analysis method. The results confirm the existence of controllability, workability and habitability as the principal factors of human factors in ship design. Three other factors that emerged are cargo facilities, reliability, automation and maintainability (RAM) and interfacing complexity. Bridging variables found between these factors include elements such as safety, manoeuvring, engine room and bridge design. A preliminary model of how the components or parts relate to human factors in ship design and operation is developed. The model also indicates the parties who are responsible for the various aspects of ship design from a human factors perspective.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25191884" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72ad470ea2fa529a4e4f35afb2766bc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45505951,"asset_id":25191884,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45505951/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9317385" href="https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/VincentiusRumawas">Vincentius Rumawas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9317385" type="text/json">{"id":9317385,"first_name":"Vincentius","last_name":"Rumawas","domain_name":"ntnu-no","page_name":"VincentiusRumawas","display_name":"Vincentius Rumawas","profile_url":"https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/VincentiusRumawas?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9317385/6287352/7118103/s65_vincentius.rumawas.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25191884">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25191884"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VRumawas">V. Rumawas</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25191884'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25191884').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25191884 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25191884"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25191884, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25191884", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25191884 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25191884; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25191884"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25191884 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25191884"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25191884; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25191884]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25191884").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25191884").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25191884"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="92" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture">Naval Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="92" type="text/json">{"id":92,"name":"Naval Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4576" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Human_Factors">Maritime Human Factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4576" type="text/json">{"id":4576,"name":"Maritime Human Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Human_Factors?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25418" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Factors_Engineering">Human Factors Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25418" type="text/json">{"id":25418,"name":"Human Factors Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Factors_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25191884]'), work: {"id":25191884,"title":"HUMAN FACTORS IN SHIP DESIGN AND OPERATION: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE THEORETICAL CONSTRUCT","created_at":"2016-05-10T03:59:59.244-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25191884/HUMAN_FACTORS_IN_SHIP_DESIGN_AND_OPERATION_A_PRELIMINARY_SURVEY_OF_THE_THEORETICAL_CONSTRUCT?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_25191884","summary":"SUMMARY This technical note presents an analysis of the underlying factors of human factors in ship design based on questionnaires distributed on two offshore supply vessels operating in the Norwegian Sea. The concept of human factors in ship design is still evolving. The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary model of the human factors construct by using a factor analysis method. The results confirm the existence of controllability, workability and habitability as the principal factors of human factors in ship design. Three other factors that emerged are cargo facilities, reliability, automation and maintainability (RAM) and interfacing complexity. Bridging variables found between these factors include elements such as safety, manoeuvring, engine room and bridge design. A preliminary model of how the components or parts relate to human factors in ship design and operation is developed. The model also indicates the parties who are responsible for the various aspects of ship design from a human factors perspective.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45505951,"asset_id":25191884,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9317385,"first_name":"Vincentius","last_name":"Rumawas","domain_name":"ntnu-no","page_name":"VincentiusRumawas","display_name":"Vincentius Rumawas","profile_url":"https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/VincentiusRumawas?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9317385/6287352/7118103/s65_vincentius.rumawas.jpg"},{"id":48522810,"first_name":"V.","last_name":"Rumawas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VRumawas","display_name":"V. Rumawas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VRumawas?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":92,"name":"Naval Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":4576,"name":"Maritime Human Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Human_Factors?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":25418,"name":"Human Factors Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Factors_Engineering?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":385123,"name":"Naval Architecture and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture_and_Engineering?f_ri=123413"},{"id":847585,"name":"Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture_and_Marine_Engineering?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2440887 coauthored" data-work_id="2440887" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2440887/Strategic_choices_for_small_bulk_shipping_companies_in_the_post_ISM_code_period">Strategic choices for small bulk shipping companies in the post ISM code period</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the last few years bulk shipping has experienced the effects of safety and quality awareness. Social responsiveness of shipping companies is on the agenda and new regulations which might enforce this, are imposed. The shipping... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2440887" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the last few years bulk shipping has experienced the effects of safety and quality awareness. Social responsiveness of shipping companies is on the agenda and new regulations which might enforce this, are imposed. The shipping business environment gradually changes and shipping companies are called upon to adapt to this change in order to remain competitive in the market. However, the efficiency of the adaptation process depends heavily on the companies’ structural characteristics. This paper concentrates on small bulk shipping companies and after having examined the affection that the new shipping environment will have on their competitiveness, argues that the disadvantage created by their current structure could be eliminated, by choosing and implementing the proper strategies.  In doing so, shipowners need to analyze and evaluate several internal and external environmental factors of their companies. A methodology that incorporates the analysis and evaluation of these factors and helps shipowners in deciding the proper strategy is proposed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2440887" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c818bb77dbab67e4185b08f4bc53aef0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30465960,"asset_id":2440887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30465960/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3176019" href="https://aegean.academia.edu/EleftheriosKatarelos">Eleftherios Katarelos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3176019" type="text/json">{"id":3176019,"first_name":"Eleftherios","last_name":"Katarelos","domain_name":"aegean","page_name":"EleftheriosKatarelos","display_name":"Eleftherios Katarelos","profile_url":"https://aegean.academia.edu/EleftheriosKatarelos?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3176019/1121833/1405540/s65_eleftherios.katarelos.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-2440887">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-2440887"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://piraeus.academia.edu/IOANNISTHEOTOKAS">IOANNIS THEOTOKAS</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-2440887'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-2440887').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2440887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2440887"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2440887, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2440887", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2440887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2440887; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2440887"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2440887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2440887"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2440887; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2440887]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2440887").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2440887").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2440887"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9163" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping">Shipping</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9163" type="text/json">{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="280310" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports">Ports</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="280310" type="text/json">{"id":280310,"name":"Ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2440887]'), work: {"id":2440887,"title":"Strategic choices for small bulk shipping companies in the post ISM code period","created_at":"2013-01-21T16:14:30.709-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2440887/Strategic_choices_for_small_bulk_shipping_companies_in_the_post_ISM_code_period?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_2440887","summary":"During the last few years bulk shipping has experienced the effects of safety and quality awareness. Social responsiveness of shipping companies is on the agenda and new regulations which might enforce this, are imposed. The shipping business environment gradually changes and shipping companies are called upon to adapt to this change in order to remain competitive in the market. However, the efficiency of the adaptation process depends heavily on the companies’ structural characteristics. This paper concentrates on small bulk shipping companies and after having examined the affection that the new shipping environment will have on their competitiveness, argues that the disadvantage created by their current structure could be eliminated, by choosing and implementing the proper strategies. In doing so, shipowners need to analyze and evaluate several internal and external environmental factors of their companies. A methodology that incorporates the analysis and evaluation of these factors and helps shipowners in deciding the proper strategy is proposed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30465960,"asset_id":2440887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3176019,"first_name":"Eleftherios","last_name":"Katarelos","domain_name":"aegean","page_name":"EleftheriosKatarelos","display_name":"Eleftherios Katarelos","profile_url":"https://aegean.academia.edu/EleftheriosKatarelos?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3176019/1121833/1405540/s65_eleftherios.katarelos.jpg"},{"id":1304313,"first_name":"IOANNIS","last_name":"THEOTOKAS","domain_name":"piraeus","page_name":"IOANNISTHEOTOKAS","display_name":"IOANNIS THEOTOKAS","profile_url":"https://piraeus.academia.edu/IOANNISTHEOTOKAS?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1304313/2775230/18262896/s65_ioannis.theotokas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":280310,"name":"Ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":317626,"name":"Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413"},{"id":438034,"name":"Maritime safety and security management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_safety_and_security_management?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39718414" data-work_id="39718414" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39718414/ALUR_LAUT_KEPULAUAN_INDONESIA_PASCA_MERDEKANYA_REPUBLIK_DEMOKRASI_TIMOR_LESTE">ALUR LAUT KEPULAUAN INDONESIA PASCA MERDEKANYA REPUBLIK DEMOKRASI TIMOR LESTE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstrak-Jurnal ini mengkaji Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) III-A, Selat Ombai yang terpengaruh oleh merdekanya Republik Demokrasi Timor Leste (RDTL). Dengan berdirinya Republik Demokrasi Timor Leste (RDTL) sebagai negara merdeka,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39718414" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstrak-Jurnal ini mengkaji Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) III-A, Selat Ombai yang terpengaruh oleh merdekanya Republik Demokrasi Timor Leste (RDTL). Dengan berdirinya Republik Demokrasi Timor Leste (RDTL) sebagai negara merdeka, secara langsung Selat Ombai yang semula berada didalam wilayah kedaulatan Indonesia kini menjadi wilayah perbatasan antar dua negara. Hal tersebut berdampak pula pada keabsahan ALKI III-A yang berada pada selat tersebut. Dengan demikian, maka ketentuan serta hak yang berlaku pada ALKI tidak diberlakukan di daerah yang masih belum jelas status kepemilikannya yang dilewati oleh garis sumbu ALKI III-A. Untuk mendukung penelitian ini penggunaan konsep keamanan maritim dan delimitasi batas maritim untuk menganalisis faktor apa saja yang digunakan untuk melihat perubahan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) III-A. Kemudian konsep Alur Laut Kepulauan sebagai landasan dalam pembuatan skema alternatif Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) III-A. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yang mengandalkan data tinjauan pustaka dan wawancara serta analisis spasial guna menentukan skema alternatif. Hasil analisis bertujuan sebagai rekomendasi untuk pemerintah Indonesia dalam membuat Skema yang tepat bagi Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia III-A, Selat Ombai.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39718414" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e17913671fd575b0ad7c95235dc8d0c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59893056,"asset_id":39718414,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59893056/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54030154" href="https://idu.academia.edu/patriaarie">Arie P Utama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54030154" type="text/json">{"id":54030154,"first_name":"Arie","last_name":"Utama","domain_name":"idu","page_name":"patriaarie","display_name":"Arie P Utama","profile_url":"https://idu.academia.edu/patriaarie?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54030154/15640877/27543496/s65_arie.utama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39718414 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39718414"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39718414, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39718414", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39718414]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39718414").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39718414").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39718414"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security">Maritime Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48532" type="text/json">{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="117855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies">Maritime Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="117855" type="text/json">{"id":117855,"name":"Maritime Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39718414]'), work: {"id":39718414,"title":"ALUR LAUT KEPULAUAN INDONESIA PASCA MERDEKANYA REPUBLIK DEMOKRASI TIMOR LESTE","created_at":"2019-06-28T22:21:10.686-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39718414/ALUR_LAUT_KEPULAUAN_INDONESIA_PASCA_MERDEKANYA_REPUBLIK_DEMOKRASI_TIMOR_LESTE?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_39718414","summary":"Abstrak-Jurnal ini mengkaji Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) III-A, Selat Ombai yang terpengaruh oleh merdekanya Republik Demokrasi Timor Leste (RDTL). Dengan berdirinya Republik Demokrasi Timor Leste (RDTL) sebagai negara merdeka, secara langsung Selat Ombai yang semula berada didalam wilayah kedaulatan Indonesia kini menjadi wilayah perbatasan antar dua negara. Hal tersebut berdampak pula pada keabsahan ALKI III-A yang berada pada selat tersebut. Dengan demikian, maka ketentuan serta hak yang berlaku pada ALKI tidak diberlakukan di daerah yang masih belum jelas status kepemilikannya yang dilewati oleh garis sumbu ALKI III-A. Untuk mendukung penelitian ini penggunaan konsep keamanan maritim dan delimitasi batas maritim untuk menganalisis faktor apa saja yang digunakan untuk melihat perubahan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) III-A. Kemudian konsep Alur Laut Kepulauan sebagai landasan dalam pembuatan skema alternatif Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) III-A. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yang mengandalkan data tinjauan pustaka dan wawancara serta analisis spasial guna menentukan skema alternatif. Hasil analisis bertujuan sebagai rekomendasi untuk pemerintah Indonesia dalam membuat Skema yang tepat bagi Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia III-A, Selat Ombai.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59893056,"asset_id":39718414,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54030154,"first_name":"Arie","last_name":"Utama","domain_name":"idu","page_name":"patriaarie","display_name":"Arie P Utama","profile_url":"https://idu.academia.edu/patriaarie?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54030154/15640877/27543496/s65_arie.utama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":117855,"name":"Maritime Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23929345" data-work_id="23929345" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23929345/Maritime_terrorism_Why_the_East_African_Community_is_the_Next_Potential_Target_of_Maritime_Terrorism">Maritime terrorism: Why the East African Community is the Next Potential Target of Maritime Terrorism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Maritime terrorism is a politically motivated crime launched at or from the sea. In recent years, there have been a number of terrorist incidents on land in the East African Community (EAC) region, all in Kenya. Nonetheless, no act of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23929345" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Maritime terrorism is a politically motivated crime launched at or from the sea. In recent years, there have been a number of terrorist incidents on land in the East African Community (EAC) region, all in Kenya. Nonetheless, no act of terrorism has yet occurred by sea in the EAC, even though Kenya shares both land and maritime borders with Somalia. This study investigates the likelihood of the EAC being the next victim of maritime terrorism. It also looks at why the EAC is so vulnerable to maritime terrorism. This study found that the likelihood of the EAC being a target of maritime terrorism stems from the fact that it borders Somalia and that Kenya is at war with al-Shabaab, a Somalia-based terrorist group. Al-Shabaab has significant experience in the EAC maritime domain and the possibility of al-Shabaab using the Muslim youths it has recruited in Mombasa, Kenya and among ethnic Somalis living in Kenya further heightens the likelihood of the group attacking the EAC's shores. This study further found that the lack of a regional maritime security strategy (including a Maritime Domain Awareness programme), unpoliced maritime waters and poor cooperation between Kenyan and Tanzanian maritime law enforcement agencies make the region extremely vulnerable to maritime terrorism. The author of this study believes that this paper would act as a wakeup call to the EAC Secretariat and the politicians amongst the EAC member states on the importance of investing their political wills and financial resources in the regional maritime security efforts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23929345" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f73bcc8cbb273ed4f1d67cc4a6d3166" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44316266,"asset_id":23929345,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44316266/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="539951" href="https://gre.academia.edu/HamadBakarHamad">Hamad Bakar Hamad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="539951" type="text/json">{"id":539951,"first_name":"Hamad Bakar","last_name":"Hamad","domain_name":"gre","page_name":"HamadBakarHamad","display_name":"Hamad Bakar Hamad","profile_url":"https://gre.academia.edu/HamadBakarHamad?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/539951/193737/15376017/s65_hamad_bakar.hamad.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23929345 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23929345"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23929345, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23929345", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23929345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23929345").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23929345").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23929345"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya">Kenya</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18892" type="text/json">{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23241" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23241" type="text/json">{"id":23241,"name":"Tanzania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security">Maritime Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48532" type="text/json">{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23929345]'), work: {"id":23929345,"title":"Maritime terrorism: Why the East African Community is the Next Potential Target of Maritime Terrorism","created_at":"2016-04-01T22:48:52.886-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23929345/Maritime_terrorism_Why_the_East_African_Community_is_the_Next_Potential_Target_of_Maritime_Terrorism?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_23929345","summary":"Maritime terrorism is a politically motivated crime launched at or from the sea. In recent years, there have been a number of terrorist incidents on land in the East African Community (EAC) region, all in Kenya. Nonetheless, no act of terrorism has yet occurred by sea in the EAC, even though Kenya shares both land and maritime borders with Somalia. This study investigates the likelihood of the EAC being the next victim of maritime terrorism. It also looks at why the EAC is so vulnerable to maritime terrorism. This study found that the likelihood of the EAC being a target of maritime terrorism stems from the fact that it borders Somalia and that Kenya is at war with al-Shabaab, a Somalia-based terrorist group. Al-Shabaab has significant experience in the EAC maritime domain and the possibility of al-Shabaab using the Muslim youths it has recruited in Mombasa, Kenya and among ethnic Somalis living in Kenya further heightens the likelihood of the group attacking the EAC's shores. This study further found that the lack of a regional maritime security strategy (including a Maritime Domain Awareness programme), unpoliced maritime waters and poor cooperation between Kenyan and Tanzanian maritime law enforcement agencies make the region extremely vulnerable to maritime terrorism. The author of this study believes that this paper would act as a wakeup call to the EAC Secretariat and the politicians amongst the EAC member states on the importance of investing their political wills and financial resources in the regional maritime security efforts.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44316266,"asset_id":23929345,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":539951,"first_name":"Hamad Bakar","last_name":"Hamad","domain_name":"gre","page_name":"HamadBakarHamad","display_name":"Hamad Bakar Hamad","profile_url":"https://gre.academia.edu/HamadBakarHamad?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/539951/193737/15376017/s65_hamad_bakar.hamad.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":23241,"name":"Tanzania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":684187,"name":"The East African Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_East_African_Community?f_ri=123413"},{"id":973131,"name":"Maritime Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Terrorism?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2442601 coauthored" data-work_id="2442601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2442601/Safety_and_Quality_in_shipping_A_new_integrated_approach">Safety and Quality in shipping: A new integrated approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Self-regulation in shipping market, as in every other market cannot be easily achieved by itself and hence regulators/government’s intervention is needed, when it fails. The role of IMO and flag states is to create the framework within... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2442601" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Self-regulation in shipping market, as in every other market cannot be easily achieved by itself and hence regulators/government’s intervention is needed, when it fails. The role of IMO and flag states is to create the framework within which maritime actors will operate smoothly and the Stakeholders Model may lead towards this direction. Its basic principle is that every stakeholder involved in shipping industry must pay its fair share. This is an ethic and theoretically sound approach, but its implementation is not easy because on one hand stakeholders are not clearly defined and on the other hand there doesn’t seem to exist any method quantifying the fair contribution of each one. The present paper introduces a methodology facilitating the implementation of the Stakeholders model. This methodology may be used by both regulators and decision makers. The first use the method to redistribute the full cost of the shipping industry fairly among the various stakeholders involved in it, while the latter use it in order to analyze and evaluate self-regulated markets so as to select and implement proper strategies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2442601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="23a4138be61c67ac3c229575ee6ad34b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30465898,"asset_id":2442601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30465898/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3176019" href="https://aegean.academia.edu/EleftheriosKatarelos">Eleftherios Katarelos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3176019" type="text/json">{"id":3176019,"first_name":"Eleftherios","last_name":"Katarelos","domain_name":"aegean","page_name":"EleftheriosKatarelos","display_name":"Eleftherios Katarelos","profile_url":"https://aegean.academia.edu/EleftheriosKatarelos?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3176019/1121833/1405540/s65_eleftherios.katarelos.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-2442601">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-2442601"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AVasilis">Angelis Vasilis</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-2442601'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-2442601').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2442601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2442601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2442601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2442601", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2442601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2442601; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2442601"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2442601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2442601"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2442601; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2442601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2442601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2442601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2442601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9163" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping">Shipping</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9163" type="text/json">{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="280310" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports">Ports</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="280310" type="text/json">{"id":280310,"name":"Ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2442601]'), work: {"id":2442601,"title":"Safety and Quality in shipping: A new integrated approach","created_at":"2013-01-21T21:50:33.822-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2442601/Safety_and_Quality_in_shipping_A_new_integrated_approach?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_2442601","summary":"Self-regulation in shipping market, as in every other market cannot be easily achieved by itself and hence regulators/government’s intervention is needed, when it fails. The role of IMO and flag states is to create the framework within which maritime actors will operate smoothly and the Stakeholders Model may lead towards this direction. Its basic principle is that every stakeholder involved in shipping industry must pay its fair share. This is an ethic and theoretically sound approach, but its implementation is not easy because on one hand stakeholders are not clearly defined and on the other hand there doesn’t seem to exist any method quantifying the fair contribution of each one. The present paper introduces a methodology facilitating the implementation of the Stakeholders model. This methodology may be used by both regulators and decision makers. The first use the method to redistribute the full cost of the shipping industry fairly among the various stakeholders involved in it, while the latter use it in order to analyze and evaluate self-regulated markets so as to select and implement proper strategies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30465898,"asset_id":2442601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3176019,"first_name":"Eleftherios","last_name":"Katarelos","domain_name":"aegean","page_name":"EleftheriosKatarelos","display_name":"Eleftherios Katarelos","profile_url":"https://aegean.academia.edu/EleftheriosKatarelos?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3176019/1121833/1405540/s65_eleftherios.katarelos.jpg"},{"id":58128793,"first_name":"Angelis","last_name":"Vasilis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AVasilis","display_name":"Angelis Vasilis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AVasilis?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":280310,"name":"Ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":317626,"name":"Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43202653" data-work_id="43202653" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43202653/The_common_maritime_policy_of_the_EU_and_maritime_safety">The common maritime policy of the EU and maritime safety</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Throughout history shipping has proved to be a crucial factor of development. It marks the beginning of discoveries, trade and cultural exchanges. Maritime transports and transports in general actively contributed to the creation of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43202653" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Throughout history shipping has proved to be a crucial factor of development. It marks the beginning of discoveries, trade and cultural exchanges. Maritime transports and transports in general actively contributed to the creation of international trade and globalization.  During the economical crisis (1980 and 2008) the economy of the European Union, the Member States and the maritime stakeholders were severely affected by the decline of the shipping industry. For that reason the European Community in order to enhance its position in the international maritime trade and remain a strong player decided to design a common maritime policy in order to support its European fleet and interests.<br />    Since then the EU has made some crucial steps in maritime policy and has at the same time promoted fair competition in trade, eliminated protectionism actions by Third Counties, protected the rights of the stakeholders, ensured that environmental issue are protected by law, created new organizations and platforms and has set even more goals for the future.<br />    Concerning maritime safety the EU has proved that disasters of the past can turn into important lessons for the future. For that reason, through the creation of the European Maritime Safety Organization, the EU in cooperation both with the Member States and International Organizations are taking action to ensure that those disasters will not be repeated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43202653" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="342050b8bb414eec3cb1fe29580511b8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63471459,"asset_id":43202653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63471459/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="134361368" href="https://piraeus.academia.edu/LeoniSmyrli">Leoni Smyrli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="134361368" type="text/json">{"id":134361368,"first_name":"Leoni","last_name":"Smyrli","domain_name":"piraeus","page_name":"LeoniSmyrli","display_name":"Leoni Smyrli","profile_url":"https://piraeus.academia.edu/LeoniSmyrli?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43202653 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43202653"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43202653, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43202653", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43202653 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43202653; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43202653"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43202653 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43202653"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43202653; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43202653]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43202653").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43202653").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43202653"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8869" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_the_Sea">Law of the Sea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8869" type="text/json">{"id":8869,"name":"Law of the Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_the_Sea?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9162" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Management">Shipping Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9162" type="text/json">{"id":9162,"name":"Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9163" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping">Shipping</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9163" type="text/json">{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43202653]'), work: {"id":43202653,"title":"The common maritime policy of the EU and maritime safety","created_at":"2020-05-30T03:22:57.233-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43202653/The_common_maritime_policy_of_the_EU_and_maritime_safety?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_43202653","summary":" Throughout history shipping has proved to be a crucial factor of development. It marks the beginning of discoveries, trade and cultural exchanges. Maritime transports and transports in general actively contributed to the creation of international trade and globalization. During the economical crisis (1980 and 2008) the economy of the European Union, the Member States and the maritime stakeholders were severely affected by the decline of the shipping industry. For that reason the European Community in order to enhance its position in the international maritime trade and remain a strong player decided to design a common maritime policy in order to support its European fleet and interests.\n Since then the EU has made some crucial steps in maritime policy and has at the same time promoted fair competition in trade, eliminated protectionism actions by Third Counties, protected the rights of the stakeholders, ensured that environmental issue are protected by law, created new organizations and platforms and has set even more goals for the future.\n Concerning maritime safety the EU has proved that disasters of the past can turn into important lessons for the future. For that reason, through the creation of the European Maritime Safety Organization, the EU in cooperation both with the Member States and International Organizations are taking action to ensure that those disasters will not be repeated. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63471459,"asset_id":43202653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":134361368,"first_name":"Leoni","last_name":"Smyrli","domain_name":"piraeus","page_name":"LeoniSmyrli","display_name":"Leoni Smyrli","profile_url":"https://piraeus.academia.edu/LeoniSmyrli?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8869,"name":"Law of the Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_the_Sea?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":9162,"name":"Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":22883,"name":"Shipping Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Economics?f_ri=123413"},{"id":27137,"name":"European Union Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics?f_ri=123413"},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413"},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":214592,"name":"Merchant Shipping/Maritime Economics/shipbuilding/Mediterranean/Shipowners/Maritime Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merchant_Shipping_Maritime_Economics_shipbuilding_Mediterranean_Shipowners_Maritime_Trade?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1023350,"name":"Ports \u0026 Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports_and_Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1029711,"name":"International Maritime Organization (IMO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Maritime_Organization_IMO_?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40459295" data-work_id="40459295" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40459295/Ocean_Governance_Perspectives_The_case_of_the_Arctic">Ocean Governance Perspectives | The case of the Arctic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of the current analysis is not to provide a complete history of the events leading to the establishment of the UNCLOS. However, certain details will be discussed to highlight UNCLOS’ extremely important influence on the topic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40459295" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of the current analysis is not to provide a complete history of the events leading to the establishment of the UNCLOS. However, certain details will be discussed to highlight UNCLOS’ extremely important influence on the topic of ocean governance. Furthermore, by considering that environmental data recorded during the past four decades clearly indicates a continuous decline of Arctic ice cover, it’s reasonable to expect that human presence and operations will intensify in the region. These activities will be often associated with contradicting priorities; the issue of effective Arctic governance is clearly standing out.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40459295" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="259483a1e7088bb1087ba492b89dd85c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60723968,"asset_id":40459295,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60723968/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28735534" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28735534" type="text/json">{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40459295 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40459295"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40459295, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40459295", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40459295 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40459295; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40459295"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40459295 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40459295"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40459295; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40459295]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40459295").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40459295").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40459295"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68049" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic">Arctic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="68049" type="text/json">{"id":68049,"name":"Arctic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72935" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_Governance">Arctic Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72935" type="text/json">{"id":72935,"name":"Arctic Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_Governance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40459295]'), work: {"id":40459295,"title":"Ocean Governance Perspectives | The case of the Arctic","created_at":"2019-09-27T12:19:25.359-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40459295/Ocean_Governance_Perspectives_The_case_of_the_Arctic?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_40459295","summary":"The purpose of the current analysis is not to provide a complete history of the events leading to the establishment of the UNCLOS. However, certain details will be discussed to highlight UNCLOS’ extremely important influence on the topic of ocean governance. Furthermore, by considering that environmental data recorded during the past four decades clearly indicates a continuous decline of Arctic ice cover, it’s reasonable to expect that human presence and operations will intensify in the region. These activities will be often associated with contradicting priorities; the issue of effective Arctic governance is clearly standing out.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60723968,"asset_id":40459295,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":68049,"name":"Arctic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":72935,"name":"Arctic Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_Governance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39451293" data-work_id="39451293" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39451293/LA_CONVENZIONE_DI_NAIROBI_PROFILI_GENERALI">LA CONVENZIONE DI NAIROBI: PROFILI GENERALI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Nairobi Convention of 18 May 2007 on the removal of wreckage, known by the acronym «WRC 2007» (from the English «Wreck Removal Convention»), entered into force on 14 April 2015. It sets the legal framework for the removal of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39451293" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Nairobi Convention of 18 May 2007 on the removal of wreckage, known by the acronym «WRC 2007» (from the English «Wreck Removal Convention»), entered into force on 14 April 2015.<br />It sets the legal framework for the removal of potentially dangerous wrecks. It applies ex se only to the exclusive economic zone.<br />It provides for compulsory insurance. The insurance certificate can only be issued by the Member States (and this could be a good reason for ratifying it, even by States who have not proclaimed EEZ, like Italy)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39451293" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48549b6692d506f7e55a5265c6ce788d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59597191,"asset_id":39451293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59597191/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1605217" href="https://uniss.academia.edu/MicheleComenale">Michele Comenale Pinto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1605217" type="text/json">{"id":1605217,"first_name":"Michele","last_name":"Comenale Pinto","domain_name":"uniss","page_name":"MicheleComenale","display_name":"Michele Comenale Pinto","profile_url":"https://uniss.academia.edu/MicheleComenale?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1605217/28475895/26628797/s65_michele.comenale.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39451293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39451293"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39451293, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39451293", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39451293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39451293; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39451293"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39451293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39451293"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39451293; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39451293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39451293").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39451293").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39451293"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3836" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law">Maritime Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3836" type="text/json">{"id":3836,"name":"Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8869" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_the_Sea">Law of the Sea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8869" type="text/json">{"id":8869,"name":"Law of the Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_the_Sea?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Marine_Environmental_Law">International Marine Environmental Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26218" type="text/json">{"id":26218,"name":"International Marine Environmental Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Marine_Environmental_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="111599" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relitti">Relitti</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="111599" type="text/json">{"id":111599,"name":"Relitti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relitti?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39451293]'), work: {"id":39451293,"title":"LA CONVENZIONE DI NAIROBI: PROFILI GENERALI","created_at":"2019-06-07T23:13:33.307-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39451293/LA_CONVENZIONE_DI_NAIROBI_PROFILI_GENERALI?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_39451293","summary":"The Nairobi Convention of 18 May 2007 on the removal of wreckage, known by the acronym «WRC 2007» (from the English «Wreck Removal Convention»), entered into force on 14 April 2015.\nIt sets the legal framework for the removal of potentially dangerous wrecks. It applies ex se only to the exclusive economic zone.\nIt provides for compulsory insurance. The insurance certificate can only be issued by the Member States (and this could be a good reason for ratifying it, even by States who have not proclaimed EEZ, like Italy)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59597191,"asset_id":39451293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1605217,"first_name":"Michele","last_name":"Comenale Pinto","domain_name":"uniss","page_name":"MicheleComenale","display_name":"Michele Comenale Pinto","profile_url":"https://uniss.academia.edu/MicheleComenale?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1605217/28475895/26628797/s65_michele.comenale.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3836,"name":"Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":8869,"name":"Law of the Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_the_Sea?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":26218,"name":"International Marine Environmental Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Marine_Environmental_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":111599,"name":"Relitti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relitti?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":486510,"name":"Ship Wrecks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ship_Wrecks?f_ri=123413"},{"id":720936,"name":"Diritto internazionale del mare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_internazionale_del_mare?f_ri=123413"},{"id":3271662,"name":"Ambiente marino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambiente_marino?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31262224" data-work_id="31262224" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31262224/How_the_Manila_Amendments_to_the_STCW_Code_Enhance_Training_in_Maritime_Safety_and_Security">How the Manila Amendments to the STCW Code Enhance Training in Maritime Safety and Security</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper shows the changes that have occurred to the Manila Amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Code (STCW 2010 Code). In the School of Maritime Engineering... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31262224" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper shows the changes that have occurred to the Manila Amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Code (STCW 2010 Code). In the School of Maritime Engineering of the University of Cantabria with the degrees in Nautical Engineering and Maritime Transport (Deck Officers), Marine Engineering (Engine Officers) and Maritime Engineering (Naval Engineering), we have taken into consideration all these changes and have adapted them to the academic training of the STCW 2010 Code. We recognize the need to train our maritime protection students (future officers, Captains and Chief Engineers of the Spanish Merchant Marine) with the latest and most effective tools and protocols. Thanks to the Maritime Collaborative Website of the Spanish Navy (ENCOMAR) we can complement and ensure the theoretical and practical training of our students to improve their knowledge on Maritime Security.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31262224" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e9de75f0245982d914e99f46230b217" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51665830,"asset_id":31262224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51665830/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7656631" href="https://unican.academia.edu/ErnestoMadariaga">Ernesto Madariaga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7656631" type="text/json">{"id":7656631,"first_name":"Ernesto","last_name":"Madariaga","domain_name":"unican","page_name":"ErnestoMadariaga","display_name":"Ernesto Madariaga","profile_url":"https://unican.academia.edu/ErnestoMadariaga?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31262224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31262224"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31262224, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31262224", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31262224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31262224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31262224"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31262224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31262224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31262224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31262224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31262224").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31262224").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31262224"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education">Maritime Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35122" type="text/json">{"id":35122,"name":"Maritime Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security">Maritime Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48532" type="text/json">{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy">Piracy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62467" type="text/json">{"id":62467,"name":"Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31262224]'), work: {"id":31262224,"title":"How the Manila Amendments to the STCW Code Enhance Training in Maritime Safety and Security","created_at":"2017-02-06T09:49:23.020-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31262224/How_the_Manila_Amendments_to_the_STCW_Code_Enhance_Training_in_Maritime_Safety_and_Security?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_31262224","summary":"This paper shows the changes that have occurred to the Manila Amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Code (STCW 2010 Code). In the School of Maritime Engineering of the University of Cantabria with the degrees in Nautical Engineering and Maritime Transport (Deck Officers), Marine Engineering (Engine Officers) and Maritime Engineering (Naval Engineering), we have taken into consideration all these changes and have adapted them to the academic training of the STCW 2010 Code. We recognize the need to train our maritime protection students (future officers, Captains and Chief Engineers of the Spanish Merchant Marine) with the latest and most effective tools and protocols. Thanks to the Maritime Collaborative Website of the Spanish Navy (ENCOMAR) we can complement and ensure the theoretical and practical training of our students to improve their knowledge on Maritime Security.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51665830,"asset_id":31262224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7656631,"first_name":"Ernesto","last_name":"Madariaga","domain_name":"unican","page_name":"ErnestoMadariaga","display_name":"Ernesto Madariaga","profile_url":"https://unican.academia.edu/ErnestoMadariaga?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35122,"name":"Maritime Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":62467,"name":"Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":456390,"name":"Maritime Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training?f_ri=123413"},{"id":547959,"name":"Stcw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stcw?f_ri=123413"},{"id":751889,"name":"Spanish Royal Navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Royal_Navy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1442083,"name":"Spanish Navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Navy?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1442084,"name":"ENCOMAR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENCOMAR?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29261712 coauthored" data-work_id="29261712" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29261712/Protecting_the_Arctic_Environment_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Liquefied_Natural_Gas">Protecting the Arctic Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Liquefied Natural Gas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Numerous scientific records of climate indicators and their in depth statistical analyses testify that the global warming phenomenon's impact is becoming increasingly evident. Weather patterns have already been severely altered in various... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29261712" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Numerous scientific records of climate indicators and their in depth statistical analyses testify that the global warming phenomenon's impact is becoming increasingly evident. Weather patterns have already been severely altered in various regions of the Earth, with the case of the Arctic clearly standing out. As ice-coverage in this region maintains its downward trend, the creation of new and significant business opportunities should, however, be noted. Maritime routes that were previously covered with ice-pacts are now becoming available for shipping; the promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is enticing the least. Additionally, the status of lesser ice in the wider Arctic region could facilitate the extraction of the numerous natural resources (and especially energy related ones) available in all those frozen areas, which were previously widely considered as rather unsuitable for any type of business. The analysis in hand will briefly highlight the decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic and elaborate in its main consequence in relation to the contemporary global maritime transport system: the creation of the so called " Arctic Passages ". Additionally, it will provide a summary of the current regulatory framework associated with the region under discussion and especially the provisions of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code-PCD). Furthermore, considering that the use of petroleum today is the primary marine fuel source within commercial shipping, this analysis will expand upon previous research efforts about how to preserve the arctic environment by limiting the use of such oil fuels. Therefore, it will explore the use of alternative sources, specifically in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), in order to reduce the environmental impact of petroleum spilled within the pristine Arctic waters in the event of an accidental discharge, as well as under the notion to decrease air pollutants.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29261712" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="137d9db86a65ab726568d0091e9121be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49711596,"asset_id":29261712,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49711596/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28735534" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28735534" type="text/json">{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29261712">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29261712"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29261712'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29261712').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29261712 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29261712"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29261712, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29261712", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29261712 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29261712; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29261712"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29261712 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29261712"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29261712; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29261712]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29261712").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29261712").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29261712"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2792" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Transport_Geography">Maritime Transport Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2792" type="text/json">{"id":2792,"name":"Maritime Transport Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Transport_Geography?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68049" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic">Arctic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="68049" type="text/json">{"id":68049,"name":"Arctic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75267" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education">Maritime Training and Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75267" type="text/json">{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29261712]'), work: {"id":29261712,"title":"Protecting the Arctic Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Liquefied Natural Gas","created_at":"2016-10-19T04:00:01.767-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29261712/Protecting_the_Arctic_Environment_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Liquefied_Natural_Gas?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_29261712","summary":"Numerous scientific records of climate indicators and their in depth statistical analyses testify that the global warming phenomenon's impact is becoming increasingly evident. Weather patterns have already been severely altered in various regions of the Earth, with the case of the Arctic clearly standing out. As ice-coverage in this region maintains its downward trend, the creation of new and significant business opportunities should, however, be noted. Maritime routes that were previously covered with ice-pacts are now becoming available for shipping; the promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is enticing the least. Additionally, the status of lesser ice in the wider Arctic region could facilitate the extraction of the numerous natural resources (and especially energy related ones) available in all those frozen areas, which were previously widely considered as rather unsuitable for any type of business. The analysis in hand will briefly highlight the decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic and elaborate in its main consequence in relation to the contemporary global maritime transport system: the creation of the so called \" Arctic Passages \". Additionally, it will provide a summary of the current regulatory framework associated with the region under discussion and especially the provisions of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code-PCD). Furthermore, considering that the use of petroleum today is the primary marine fuel source within commercial shipping, this analysis will expand upon previous research efforts about how to preserve the arctic environment by limiting the use of such oil fuels. Therefore, it will explore the use of alternative sources, specifically in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), in order to reduce the environmental impact of petroleum spilled within the pristine Arctic waters in the event of an accidental discharge, as well as under the notion to decrease air pollutants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49711596,"asset_id":29261712,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"},{"id":37662326,"first_name":"Fabio","last_name":"Ballini","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"FabioBallini","display_name":"Fabio Ballini","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37662326/17290073/17401477/s65_fabio.ballini.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2792,"name":"Maritime Transport Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Transport_Geography?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":68049,"name":"Arctic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":160822,"name":"Maritime Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Transport?f_ri=123413"},{"id":287024,"name":"Liquefied Natural Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquefied_Natural_Gas?f_ri=123413"},{"id":472454,"name":"Polar Codes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polar_Codes?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1111914,"name":"Emissions Controls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emissions_Controls?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29208104" data-work_id="29208104" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29208104/IAME_2016_CONFERENCE_HAMBURG_The_Future_of_Arctic_Shipping_Business_and_the_Positive_Influence_of_the_Polar_Code">IAME 2016 CONFERENCE | HAMBURG The Future of Arctic Shipping Business and the Positive Influence of the Polar Code</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Arctic landscape is being transformed with an unprecedented speed. However, this scientifically recorded decline of ice-coverage in the region under discussion is creating significant new business opportunities: maritime routes that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29208104" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Arctic landscape is being transformed with an unprecedented speed. However, this scientifically recorded decline of ice-coverage in the region under discussion is creating significant new business opportunities: maritime routes that were previously associated with " no-go " areas for navigation are now becoming more and more accessible. Shipping is directly affected by the opening of the so called " Arctic Passages ". A promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is enticing; the decision however on whether to opt or not for one of these routes is complicated, with many varying aspects involved simultaneously. The definite answer regarding the economic viability of Arctic shipping is not there yet and chances are that for the near future even the most promising crossing, the Northern Sea Route, will remain of limited importance for the global maritime transport system. However, the number of ships operating in the Arctic will certainly increase in the future; the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) under a pre-emptive approach has already ensured a better future for the shipping industry in these challenging waters, through the adoption of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code), which strongly regulates the safety domain.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29208104" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="12ff610a317c1f3bb3370d804fb62ffc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49658577,"asset_id":29208104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49658577/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28735534" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28735534" type="text/json">{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29208104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29208104"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29208104, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29208104", }); 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However, this scientifically recorded decline of ice-coverage in the region under discussion is creating significant new business opportunities: maritime routes that were previously associated with \" no-go \" areas for navigation are now becoming more and more accessible. Shipping is directly affected by the opening of the so called \" Arctic Passages \". A promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is enticing; the decision however on whether to opt or not for one of these routes is complicated, with many varying aspects involved simultaneously. The definite answer regarding the economic viability of Arctic shipping is not there yet and chances are that for the near future even the most promising crossing, the Northern Sea Route, will remain of limited importance for the global maritime transport system. However, the number of ships operating in the Arctic will certainly increase in the future; the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) under a pre-emptive approach has already ensured a better future for the shipping industry in these challenging waters, through the adoption of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code), which strongly regulates the safety domain.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49658577,"asset_id":29208104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2792,"name":"Maritime Transport Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Transport_Geography?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":68049,"name":"Arctic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":156919,"name":"Environmental protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_protection?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3885171" data-work_id="3885171" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3885171/Are_Fail_safe_mechanisms_Safe_to_Fail">Are 'Fail safe' mechanisms 'Safe to Fail'</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3885171" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a6ea1026340f8541e96d2da79754d09" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31511496,"asset_id":3885171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31511496/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="412134" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/RajeshMittal">Rajesh Mittal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="412134" type="text/json">{"id":412134,"first_name":"Rajesh","last_name":"Mittal","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"RajeshMittal","display_name":"Rajesh Mittal","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/RajeshMittal?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/412134/130024/149894/s65_rajesh.mittal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3885171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3885171"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3885171, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3885171", }); 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Within this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2442616" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper we attempt to analyse the long-established problem of recruitment on board national ships, under both quantitative and qualitative terms, by examining firstly the general framework of the shipping industry. Within this framework are found the parameters that directly affect it. Particularly focusing on the Greek marine manpower market, the supply number of available seafarers, the vessel’s flag, the crew’s cost, the quality of training and the motives one has for building a career in the maritime sector, are illustrated. From the quantitative perspective, we have reached a high risk period where the seafarer’s profession is becoming unpopular. By presenting the available statistical data for a period of 20 years, we approach a critical point where new scientific methods must be adopted in the Greek maritime policies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2442616" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b35f7186c6a029fa370d9751ae91689f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30465912,"asset_id":2442616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30465912/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3176019" href="https://aegean.academia.edu/EleftheriosKatarelos">Eleftherios Katarelos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3176019" type="text/json">{"id":3176019,"first_name":"Eleftherios","last_name":"Katarelos","domain_name":"aegean","page_name":"EleftheriosKatarelos","display_name":"Eleftherios Katarelos","profile_url":"https://aegean.academia.edu/EleftheriosKatarelos?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3176019/1121833/1405540/s65_eleftherios.katarelos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2442616 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2442616"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2442616, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2442616", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2442616]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2442616").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2442616").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2442616"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9163" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping">Shipping</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9163" type="text/json">{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education">Maritime Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35122" type="text/json">{"id":35122,"name":"Maritime Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime">Maritime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60807" type="text/json">{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2442616]'), work: {"id":2442616,"title":"Current trends and educational needs of the Greek marine manpower market: A quantitative and qualitative approach","created_at":"2013-01-21T21:55:46.714-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2442616/Current_trends_and_educational_needs_of_the_Greek_marine_manpower_market_A_quantitative_and_qualitative_approach?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_2442616","summary":"In this paper we attempt to analyse the long-established problem of recruitment on board national ships, under both quantitative and qualitative terms, by examining firstly the general framework of the shipping industry. Within this framework are found the parameters that directly affect it. Particularly focusing on the Greek marine manpower market, the supply number of available seafarers, the vessel’s flag, the crew’s cost, the quality of training and the motives one has for building a career in the maritime sector, are illustrated. From the quantitative perspective, we have reached a high risk period where the seafarer’s profession is becoming unpopular. By presenting the available statistical data for a period of 20 years, we approach a critical point where new scientific methods must be adopted in the Greek maritime policies. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30465912,"asset_id":2442616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3176019,"first_name":"Eleftherios","last_name":"Katarelos","domain_name":"aegean","page_name":"EleftheriosKatarelos","display_name":"Eleftherios Katarelos","profile_url":"https://aegean.academia.edu/EleftheriosKatarelos?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3176019/1121833/1405540/s65_eleftherios.katarelos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":35122,"name":"Maritime Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":247558,"name":"Maritime Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Education_and_Training?f_ri=123413"},{"id":280310,"name":"Ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37620633" data-work_id="37620633" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37620633/SEA_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_AND_THE_SMART_MARITIME_COMMUNITY_IAMU_2018_Annual_General_Assembly_AGA_of_the_International_Association_of_Maritime_Universities_IAMU_">SEA TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND THE SMART MARITIME COMMUNITY - IAMU 2018 Annual General Assembly (AGA) of the International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sea Traffic Management is a concept developed during the last six years creating the culture of sharing information and collaborating to optimise the maritime transport and extending the benefits to the logistics chain and at the same... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37620633" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sea Traffic Management is a concept developed during the last six years creating the culture of sharing information and collaborating to optimise the maritime transport and extending the benefits to the logistics chain and at the same time, enhancing maritime safety and the environment.<br />The project takes advantage of the several technology and equipment now installed onboard ships, improved by the use of information and communication technologies and the need for standardization procedures and protocols in the transport sectors. Few complementary tools introducing the use of VDES (VHF Data Exchange System) will make possible a radio communication system that operates between ships, shore stations and satellites on Automatic Identification System (AIS), Application Specific Messages (ASM) and VHF Data Exchange<br />(VDE) frequencies in the Marine Mobile VHF band. With the available data, communication channels and infrastructures, the digital information on-board and onshore are abundant; however, the interconnection today is point-to-point and proprietary and stops the industry becoming more efficient. We will discuss how Sea Traffic Management will help the industry achieve improved predictability by introducing standards for key information and supplying an infrastructure for information exchange. This enables all actors involved in the transport to plan better and utilise their resources more efficiently. Shorter routes, just-in-time arrivals, shorter port calls are factors<br />that will strengthen the competitiveness of the maritime sector. Improved situational awareness on the bridge and knowledge of planned routes will help optimised planning as well as reducing the number of incidents and accidents. The standard route exchange format submitted by the EU financed MONALISA 2.0 project partners in 2014 is included in the current edition of the IEC standard, which was launched in August 2015. Ship operators, savings on fuel and other costs, society saves on reduced emissions, and other actors associated with maritime operations benefit from a higher degree of infrastructural use. This paper explains the progress and preliminary results of the key enablers of STM Validation Project and the steps beyond the current EU funding support that must complete a promising picture of next decade maritime transport industry.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37620633" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64bea85ba844978170394b876ba38506" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57604698,"asset_id":37620633,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57604698/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3990385" href="https://upc.academia.edu/SergioIVELASQUEZCORREA">Sergio VELASQUEZ CORREA</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3990385" type="text/json">{"id":3990385,"first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"VELASQUEZ CORREA","domain_name":"upc","page_name":"SergioIVELASQUEZCORREA","display_name":"Sergio VELASQUEZ CORREA","profile_url":"https://upc.academia.edu/SergioIVELASQUEZCORREA?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3990385/1507869/14898198/s65_sergio.velasquez_correa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37620633 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37620633"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37620633, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37620633", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37620633 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37620633; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37620633"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37620633 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37620633"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37620633; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37620633]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37620633").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37620633").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37620633"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131954" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E_Navigation">E Navigation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131954" type="text/json">{"id":1131954,"name":"E Navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E_Navigation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37620633]'), work: {"id":37620633,"title":"SEA TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND THE SMART MARITIME COMMUNITY - \nIAMU 2018 Annual General Assembly (AGA) of the International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU)","created_at":"2018-10-21T06:44:33.114-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37620633/SEA_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_AND_THE_SMART_MARITIME_COMMUNITY_IAMU_2018_Annual_General_Assembly_AGA_of_the_International_Association_of_Maritime_Universities_IAMU_?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_37620633","summary":"Sea Traffic Management is a concept developed during the last six years creating the culture of sharing information and collaborating to optimise the maritime transport and extending the benefits to the logistics chain and at the same time, enhancing maritime safety and the environment.\nThe project takes advantage of the several technology and equipment now installed onboard ships, improved by the use of information and communication technologies and the need for standardization procedures and protocols in the transport sectors. Few complementary tools introducing the use of VDES (VHF Data Exchange System) will make possible a radio communication system that operates between ships, shore stations and satellites on Automatic Identification System (AIS), Application Specific Messages (ASM) and VHF Data Exchange\n(VDE) frequencies in the Marine Mobile VHF band. With the available data, communication channels and infrastructures, the digital information on-board and onshore are abundant; however, the interconnection today is point-to-point and proprietary and stops the industry becoming more efficient. We will discuss how Sea Traffic Management will help the industry achieve improved predictability by introducing standards for key information and supplying an infrastructure for information exchange. This enables all actors involved in the transport to plan better and utilise their resources more efficiently. Shorter routes, just-in-time arrivals, shorter port calls are factors\nthat will strengthen the competitiveness of the maritime sector. Improved situational awareness on the bridge and knowledge of planned routes will help optimised planning as well as reducing the number of incidents and accidents. The standard route exchange format submitted by the EU financed MONALISA 2.0 project partners in 2014 is included in the current edition of the IEC standard, which was launched in August 2015. Ship operators, savings on fuel and other costs, society saves on reduced emissions, and other actors associated with maritime operations benefit from a higher degree of infrastructural use. This paper explains the progress and preliminary results of the key enablers of STM Validation Project and the steps beyond the current EU funding support that must complete a promising picture of next decade maritime transport industry.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57604698,"asset_id":37620633,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3990385,"first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"VELASQUEZ CORREA","domain_name":"upc","page_name":"SergioIVELASQUEZCORREA","display_name":"Sergio VELASQUEZ CORREA","profile_url":"https://upc.academia.edu/SergioIVELASQUEZCORREA?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3990385/1507869/14898198/s65_sergio.velasquez_correa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1131954,"name":"E Navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E_Navigation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13073062 coauthored" data-work_id="13073062" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13073062/A_proactive_approach_for_maritime_safety_policy_making_for_the_Gulf_of_Finland_Seeking_best_practices">A proactive approach for maritime safety policy making for the Gulf of Finland: Seeking best practices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A rapid increase in maritime traffic together with challenging navigation conditions and a vulnerable ecosystem has evoked calls for improving maritime safety in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea. It is suggested that these improvements... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13073062" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A rapid increase in maritime traffic together with challenging navigation conditions and a vulnerable ecosystem has evoked calls for improving maritime safety in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea. It is suggested that these improvements will be the result of adopting a regionally effective proactive approach to safety policy formulation and management. A proactive approach is grounded on a formal process of identifying, assessing and evaluating accident risks, and adjusting policies or management practices before accidents happen. Currently, maritime safety is globally regulated by internationally agreed prescriptive rules, which are usually revised in reaction to accidents. The proactive Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is applied to risks common to a ship type or to a particular hazard, when deemed necessary, whereas regional FSA applications are rare. An extensive literature review was conducted in order to examine the opportunities for developing a framework for the GoF for handling regional risks at regional level. Best practices were sought from nuclear safety management and fisheries management, and from a particular case related to maritime risk management. A regional approach that sees maritime safety as a holistic system, and manages it by combining a scientific risk assessment with stakeholder input to identify risks and risk control options, and to evaluate risks is proposed. A regional risk governance framework can improve safety by focusing on actual regional risks, designing tailor-made safety measures to control them, enhancing a positive safety culture in the shipping industry, and by increasing trust among all involved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13073062" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1d6e433ac653436f2d1c3a69197bc04c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37937343,"asset_id":13073062,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37937343/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26061562" href="https://utu.academia.edu/JouniLappalainen">Jouni Lappalainen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26061562" type="text/json">{"id":26061562,"first_name":"Jouni","last_name":"Lappalainen","domain_name":"utu","page_name":"JouniLappalainen","display_name":"Jouni Lappalainen","profile_url":"https://utu.academia.edu/JouniLappalainen?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26061562/7157319/8060651/s65_jouni.lappalainen.jpg_oh_5a0897e3487346f65914f8c55d6d7917_oe_55650ef0___gda___1435583857_671ccadbb5fa29fcca4d70ba25aeb4ca"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13073062">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13073062"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://slu-se.academia.edu/AnnukkaLehikoinen">Annukka Lehikoinen</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/P%C3%A4iviHaapasaari">Päivi Haapasaari</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13073062'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13073062').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13073062 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13073062"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13073062; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13073062]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13073062").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13073062").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13073062"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91465" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_and_Risk_Management">Safety and Risk Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="91465" type="text/json">{"id":91465,"name":"Safety and Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_and_Risk_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="117855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies">Maritime Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="117855" type="text/json">{"id":117855,"name":"Maritime Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="317626" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management">Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="317626" type="text/json">{"id":317626,"name":"Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13073062]'), work: {"id":13073062,"title":"A proactive approach for maritime safety policy making for the Gulf of Finland: Seeking best practices","created_at":"2015-06-18T06:15:27.535-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13073062/A_proactive_approach_for_maritime_safety_policy_making_for_the_Gulf_of_Finland_Seeking_best_practices?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_13073062","summary":"A rapid increase in maritime traffic together with challenging navigation conditions and a vulnerable ecosystem has evoked calls for improving maritime safety in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea. It is suggested that these improvements will be the result of adopting a regionally effective proactive approach to safety policy formulation and management. A proactive approach is grounded on a formal process of identifying, assessing and evaluating accident risks, and adjusting policies or management practices before accidents happen. Currently, maritime safety is globally regulated by internationally agreed prescriptive rules, which are usually revised in reaction to accidents. The proactive Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is applied to risks common to a ship type or to a particular hazard, when deemed necessary, whereas regional FSA applications are rare. An extensive literature review was conducted in order to examine the opportunities for developing a framework for the GoF for handling regional risks at regional level. Best practices were sought from nuclear safety management and fisheries management, and from a particular case related to maritime risk management. A regional approach that sees maritime safety as a holistic system, and manages it by combining a scientific risk assessment with stakeholder input to identify risks and risk control options, and to evaluate risks is proposed. A regional risk governance framework can improve safety by focusing on actual regional risks, designing tailor-made safety measures to control them, enhancing a positive safety culture in the shipping industry, and by increasing trust among all involved.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37937343,"asset_id":13073062,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26061562,"first_name":"Jouni","last_name":"Lappalainen","domain_name":"utu","page_name":"JouniLappalainen","display_name":"Jouni Lappalainen","profile_url":"https://utu.academia.edu/JouniLappalainen?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26061562/7157319/8060651/s65_jouni.lappalainen.jpg_oh_5a0897e3487346f65914f8c55d6d7917_oe_55650ef0___gda___1435583857_671ccadbb5fa29fcca4d70ba25aeb4ca"},{"id":32489265,"first_name":"Annukka","last_name":"Lehikoinen","domain_name":"slu-se","page_name":"AnnukkaLehikoinen","display_name":"Annukka Lehikoinen","profile_url":"https://slu-se.academia.edu/AnnukkaLehikoinen?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":2337832,"first_name":"Päivi","last_name":"Haapasaari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PäiviHaapasaari","display_name":"Päivi Haapasaari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/P%C3%A4iviHaapasaari?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":91465,"name":"Safety and Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_and_Risk_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":117855,"name":"Maritime Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":317626,"name":"Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":438034,"name":"Maritime safety and security management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_safety_and_security_management?f_ri=123413"},{"id":969499,"name":"Gulf of Finland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_of_Finland?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8878466" data-work_id="8878466" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8878466/Semi_automatic_sea_lane_extraction_combining_Particle_Filtering_PF_and_Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_">Semi-automatic sea lane extraction combining Particle Filtering (PF) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper addresses the problem of extracting traffic patterns from noisy and incomplete sensor data. We introduce an approach that combines the output of (particle filter based) tracking filters with GIS techniques. While tracking... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8878466" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper addresses the problem of extracting traffic patterns from noisy and incomplete sensor data. We introduce an approach that combines the output of (particle filter based) tracking filters with GIS techniques. While tracking filters are standard tools for generating estimates of the position and velocities of individual objects over time, GIS techniques are used to extract geographic patterns from these estimates. GIS techniques also allow the integration of prior knowledge, such as coastlines and bathymetry, to enhance the quality of the extracted patterns. The approach has been applied to maritime traffic surveillance using report of the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which may be subject to GPS errors, spoofing, time delays and periods of missed detections. The results are continuous vessel tracks indicating each vessel’s route, even when the update rate of messages is significantly slower.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8878466" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a6e50c4123ad82b855440f688a67cd08" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35211905,"asset_id":8878466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35211905/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3118560" href="https://deltares.academia.edu/KaterinaTzavella">Katerina Tzavella</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3118560" type="text/json">{"id":3118560,"first_name":"Katerina","last_name":"Tzavella","domain_name":"deltares","page_name":"KaterinaTzavella","display_name":"Katerina Tzavella","profile_url":"https://deltares.academia.edu/KaterinaTzavella?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3118560/1024546/137496521/s65_katerina.tzavella.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8878466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8878466"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8878466, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8878466", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8878466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8878466; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8878466"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8878466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8878466"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8878466; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8878466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8878466").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8878466").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8878466"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="92331" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_filters">Particle filters</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="92331" type="text/json">{"id":92331,"name":"Particle filters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_filters?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="574859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vessel_Tracing">Vessel Tracing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="574859" type="text/json">{"id":574859,"name":"Vessel Tracing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vessel_Tracing?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="955691" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Surveillance">Maritime Surveillance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="955691" type="text/json">{"id":955691,"name":"Maritime Surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Surveillance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8878466]'), work: {"id":8878466,"title":"Semi-automatic sea lane extraction combining Particle Filtering (PF) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","created_at":"2014-10-20T17:42:42.435-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8878466/Semi_automatic_sea_lane_extraction_combining_Particle_Filtering_PF_and_Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_8878466","summary":"This paper addresses the problem of extracting traffic patterns from noisy and incomplete sensor data. We introduce an approach that combines the output of (particle filter based) tracking filters with GIS techniques. While tracking filters are standard tools for generating estimates of the position and velocities of individual objects over time, GIS techniques are used to extract geographic patterns from these estimates. GIS techniques also allow the integration of prior knowledge, such as coastlines and bathymetry, to enhance the quality of the extracted patterns. The approach has been applied to maritime traffic surveillance using report of the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which may be subject to GPS errors, spoofing, time delays and periods of missed detections. The results are continuous vessel tracks indicating each vessel’s route, even when the update rate of messages is significantly slower.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35211905,"asset_id":8878466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3118560,"first_name":"Katerina","last_name":"Tzavella","domain_name":"deltares","page_name":"KaterinaTzavella","display_name":"Katerina Tzavella","profile_url":"https://deltares.academia.edu/KaterinaTzavella?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3118560/1024546/137496521/s65_katerina.tzavella.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":92331,"name":"Particle filters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_filters?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":574859,"name":"Vessel Tracing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vessel_Tracing?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":955691,"name":"Maritime Surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Surveillance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1377306,"name":"Traffic Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traffic_Patterns?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64035002" data-work_id="64035002" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64035002/Human_Factors_as_Determinants_of_Marine_Accidents_in_Maritime_Companies_in_Nigeria">Human Factors as Determinants of Marine Accidents in Maritime Companies in Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The capacity to address marine accidents could be enhanced through a thorough knowledge of what constitutes human factors and how they affect marine safety performance. This study investigated human factor issues that are responsible for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64035002" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The capacity to address marine accidents could be enhanced through a thorough knowledge of what constitutes human factors and how they affect marine safety performance. This study investigated human factor issues that are responsible for maritime accidents in Nigeria and therefore gives maritime practitioners strategies for policy interventions. The study adopted a descriptive methodology, making use of survey design to collect data from 284 marine service operators in Nigeria. Data for the study was collected through semi-structured questionnaires, same were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression analysis at p&lt;0.05. Results showed that nine human related factors are major causes of marine accidents; namely: poor crew interaction, crew fatigue, drugs and alcoholism, unsafe vessel speed, commercial pressure from management, complicated work processes, gap in working knowledge, faulty crew judgment...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64035002" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b31b4301834668b035cea60449da6221" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76259529,"asset_id":64035002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76259529/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="201065318" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OyindamolaOgunseye">Oyindamola Ogunseye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="201065318" type="text/json">{"id":201065318,"first_name":"Oyindamola","last_name":"Ogunseye","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OyindamolaOgunseye","display_name":"Oyindamola Ogunseye","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OyindamolaOgunseye?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201065318/62462516/50754170/s65_oyindamola.ogunseye.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64035002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64035002"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64035002, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64035002", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64035002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64035002; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64035002"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64035002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64035002"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64035002; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64035002]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64035002").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64035002").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64035002"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67366" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_health_and_safety-2">Occupational health and safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67366" type="text/json">{"id":67366,"name":"Occupational health and safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_health_and_safety-2?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="259261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Health_and_Environtment">Safety Health and Environtment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="259261" type="text/json">{"id":259261,"name":"Safety Health and Environtment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Health_and_Environtment?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64035002]'), work: {"id":64035002,"title":"Human Factors as Determinants of Marine Accidents in Maritime Companies in Nigeria","created_at":"2021-12-14T02:30:56.250-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64035002/Human_Factors_as_Determinants_of_Marine_Accidents_in_Maritime_Companies_in_Nigeria?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_64035002","summary":"The capacity to address marine accidents could be enhanced through a thorough knowledge of what constitutes human factors and how they affect marine safety performance. This study investigated human factor issues that are responsible for maritime accidents in Nigeria and therefore gives maritime practitioners strategies for policy interventions. The study adopted a descriptive methodology, making use of survey design to collect data from 284 marine service operators in Nigeria. Data for the study was collected through semi-structured questionnaires, same were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression analysis at p\u0026lt;0.05. Results showed that nine human related factors are major causes of marine accidents; namely: poor crew interaction, crew fatigue, drugs and alcoholism, unsafe vessel speed, commercial pressure from management, complicated work processes, gap in working knowledge, faulty crew judgment...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76259529,"asset_id":64035002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":201065318,"first_name":"Oyindamola","last_name":"Ogunseye","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OyindamolaOgunseye","display_name":"Oyindamola Ogunseye","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OyindamolaOgunseye?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201065318/62462516/50754170/s65_oyindamola.ogunseye.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":67366,"name":"Occupational health and safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_health_and_safety-2?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":259261,"name":"Safety Health and Environtment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Health_and_Environtment?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49044209" data-work_id="49044209" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49044209/BRIEF_ANALYSIS_OF_INLAND_WATERWAY_ACCIDENTS_IN_BANGLADESH_CAUSES_AND_SOLUTIONS">BRIEF ANALYSIS OF INLAND WATERWAY ACCIDENTS IN BANGLADESH: CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The inland waterway is the easiest and most cost-effective way to transport passengers and merchandise in Bangladesh. However, the inland waterway accident is a huge concern for a long time in the country. Every year numerous accidents... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49044209" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The inland waterway is the easiest and most cost-effective way to transport passengers and merchandise in Bangladesh. However, the inland waterway accident is a huge concern for a long time in the country. Every year numerous accidents are taking place in the inland waterways of the country. These accidents are unfavorably affecting the people and nature. The accidents occur due to several causes, such as human errors, machinery error, design error, etc. This paper analyzes the characteristics of those accidents based on the accident data of the last 25 years, from 1995 to 2019. The accident data was collected from the Accident Research Institute (ARI) and some renowned national daily newspapers of Bangladesh. The data were analyzed according to a number of variables, such as comparison of casualties, the number of accidents per year, vessel type, accident-prone districts, and distinct analysis of the last ten years accident records to see whether any particular changes to the trend occurred. The study has found that collision is the most frequent accident type and passenger's vessel is the most contributing vessel type responsible for the accidents. The paper describes some effective solutions as well. Application of Artificial Intelligence, increasing awareness, and developing more skilled maritime professionals might be proven effective.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49044209" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="15c853ffba6b3c94dadcbff863b40d8d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67428702,"asset_id":49044209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67428702/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="194372794" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JobayerMia">Md. Jobayer Mia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="194372794" type="text/json">{"id":194372794,"first_name":"Md. Jobayer","last_name":"Mia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JobayerMia","display_name":"Md. Jobayer Mia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JobayerMia?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/194372794/56880373/45091908/s65_md._jobayer.mia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49044209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49044209"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49044209, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49044209", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49044209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49044209; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49044209"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49044209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49044209"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49044209; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49044209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49044209").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49044209").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49044209"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="185310" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inland_Waterways">Inland Waterways</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="185310" type="text/json">{"id":185310,"name":"Inland Waterways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inland_Waterways?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3505566" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Accident_Investigation">Maritime Accident Investigation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3505566" type="text/json">{"id":3505566,"name":"Maritime Accident Investigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Accident_Investigation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49044209]'), work: {"id":49044209,"title":"BRIEF ANALYSIS OF INLAND WATERWAY ACCIDENTS IN BANGLADESH: CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS","created_at":"2021-05-25T11:27:48.988-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49044209/BRIEF_ANALYSIS_OF_INLAND_WATERWAY_ACCIDENTS_IN_BANGLADESH_CAUSES_AND_SOLUTIONS?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_49044209","summary":"The inland waterway is the easiest and most cost-effective way to transport passengers and merchandise in Bangladesh. However, the inland waterway accident is a huge concern for a long time in the country. Every year numerous accidents are taking place in the inland waterways of the country. These accidents are unfavorably affecting the people and nature. The accidents occur due to several causes, such as human errors, machinery error, design error, etc. This paper analyzes the characteristics of those accidents based on the accident data of the last 25 years, from 1995 to 2019. The accident data was collected from the Accident Research Institute (ARI) and some renowned national daily newspapers of Bangladesh. The data were analyzed according to a number of variables, such as comparison of casualties, the number of accidents per year, vessel type, accident-prone districts, and distinct analysis of the last ten years accident records to see whether any particular changes to the trend occurred. The study has found that collision is the most frequent accident type and passenger's vessel is the most contributing vessel type responsible for the accidents. The paper describes some effective solutions as well. Application of Artificial Intelligence, increasing awareness, and developing more skilled maritime professionals might be proven effective.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67428702,"asset_id":49044209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":194372794,"first_name":"Md. Jobayer","last_name":"Mia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JobayerMia","display_name":"Md. Jobayer Mia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JobayerMia?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/194372794/56880373/45091908/s65_md._jobayer.mia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":185310,"name":"Inland Waterways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inland_Waterways?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":3505566,"name":"Maritime Accident Investigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Accident_Investigation?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33669076" data-work_id="33669076" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33669076/IMPROVING_MARITIME_SITUATIONAL_AWARENESS_ESTABLISHING_A_MARITIME_SAFETY_AND_SECURITY_NETWORK_">IMPROVING MARITIME SITUATIONAL AWARENESS: ESTABLISHING A " MARITIME SAFETY AND SECURITY NETWORK "</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For NATO, Maritime Situational Awareness (MSA) is defined as “the understanding of military and non-military events, activities and circumstances within and associated with the maritime environment that are relevant for current and future... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33669076" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For NATO, Maritime Situational Awareness (MSA) is defined as “the understanding of military and non-military events, activities and circumstances within and associated with the maritime environment that are relevant for current and future NATO operations and exercises -where the Maritime Environment (ME) is the oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, waterways, coastal regions and ports”. To cut a long way short, the overall objective of this concept is to maximize the synergy of the MSA stakeholders/contributors to produce sufficient awareness in order to detect and prompt appropriate action on illegal activity in sufficient time to prevent harm. On the other hand, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is using a similar concept; IMO defines Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) as “the effective understanding of anything associated with the maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment”. In the later definition, the maritime domain includes all areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime-related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances. No matter of the definition used, the issue of MSA is a universal endeavour demanding a global approach. Existing Maritime Security Institutions (MSI) however have the tendencies to focus on regional or even local issues, each of them with a very specific scope. Therefore the establishment of habitual and persistent relationships between stakeholders across a wide spectrum at all levels, from governance and law making, to regulatory and enforcement functions, and to the business community, bears the potential to significantly enhance MSA -globally, regionally, as well as locally. An integrated approach towards MSA collaboration can be provided via connecting the various MSls into a globally focused “enterprise”, where a single piece of disparate information collected by one MSI can be shared in a common network. This could result in the creation of a Recognized Maritime Picture which may be available and accessible also to other stakeholders on the basis of trust and confidence. The analysis in hand will explain the effort towards the establishment of a “Maritime Safety and Security Network” (MarSaSeN) that involves both military and civilian institutions and is based on NATO, EU and UN cooperation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33669076" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a8c377a4bf8ab94ec49226c5895fdd5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53675407,"asset_id":33669076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53675407/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28735534" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28735534" type="text/json">{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33669076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33669076"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33669076, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33669076", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33669076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33669076; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33669076"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33669076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33669076"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33669076; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33669076]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33669076").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33669076").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33669076"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3826" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO">NATO</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3826" type="text/json">{"id":3826,"name":"NATO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety">Maritime Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123413" type="text/json">{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="955691" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Surveillance">Maritime Surveillance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="955691" type="text/json">{"id":955691,"name":"Maritime Surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Surveillance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33669076]'), work: {"id":33669076,"title":"IMPROVING MARITIME SITUATIONAL AWARENESS: ESTABLISHING A \" MARITIME SAFETY AND SECURITY NETWORK \"","created_at":"2017-06-27T02:14:06.984-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33669076/IMPROVING_MARITIME_SITUATIONAL_AWARENESS_ESTABLISHING_A_MARITIME_SAFETY_AND_SECURITY_NETWORK_?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_33669076","summary":"For NATO, Maritime Situational Awareness (MSA) is defined as “the understanding of military and non-military events, activities and circumstances within and associated with the maritime environment that are relevant for current and future NATO operations and exercises -where the Maritime Environment (ME) is the oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, waterways, coastal regions and ports”. To cut a long way short, the overall objective of this concept is to maximize the synergy of the MSA stakeholders/contributors to produce sufficient awareness in order to detect and prompt appropriate action on illegal activity in sufficient time to prevent harm. On the other hand, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is using a similar concept; IMO defines Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) as “the effective understanding of anything associated with the maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment”. In the later definition, the maritime domain includes all areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime-related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances. No matter of the definition used, the issue of MSA is a universal endeavour demanding a global approach. Existing Maritime Security Institutions (MSI) however have the tendencies to focus on regional or even local issues, each of them with a very specific scope. Therefore the establishment of habitual and persistent relationships between stakeholders across a wide spectrum at all levels, from governance and law making, to regulatory and enforcement functions, and to the business community, bears the potential to significantly enhance MSA -globally, regionally, as well as locally. An integrated approach towards MSA collaboration can be provided via connecting the various MSls into a globally focused “enterprise”, where a single piece of disparate information collected by one MSI can be shared in a common network. This could result in the creation of a Recognized Maritime Picture which may be available and accessible also to other stakeholders on the basis of trust and confidence. The analysis in hand will explain the effort towards the establishment of a “Maritime Safety and Security Network” (MarSaSeN) that involves both military and civilian institutions and is based on NATO, EU and UN cooperation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53675407,"asset_id":33669076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28735534,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Dalaklis","domain_name":"wmu","page_name":"DimitriosDalaklis","display_name":"Dimitrios Dalaklis","profile_url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28735534/10219090/68625255/s65_dimitrios.dalaklis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3826,"name":"NATO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":955691,"name":"Maritime Surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Surveillance?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":1023350,"name":"Ports \u0026 Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports_and_Maritime_Security?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32903541 coauthored" data-work_id="32903541" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32903541/Prevention_of_Pollution_by_Yachts_Sewage_in_the_Ports_of_Nautical_Tourism_the_Legal_Framework">Prevention of Pollution by Yachts' Sewage in the Ports of Nautical Tourism - the Legal Framework</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper deals with the positive law regulating the standards of prevention of pollution by sewage from yachts and pleasure craft and its specific application in the context of the ports of nautical tourism (marinas). The problem of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32903541" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper deals with the positive law regulating the standards of prevention of pollution by sewage from yachts and pleasure craft and its specific application in the context of the ports of nautical tourism (marinas). The problem of pollution by sewage from yachts and other recreational craft is specific considering the large and increasing number of yachts sailing in Croatian waters, the particular technical characteristics of pleasure craft, the way they are constructed and certified, the manner in which they are used and operated, and the fact that the nautical ports in which the yachts and other pleasure craft are berthed are special purpose ports subject to a specific legal and management regime. Croatia, is a party to MARPOL, the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships. In particular, the standards of prevention of pollution by sewage are governed by MARPOL Annex IV. Whilst MARPOL regulates prevention of pollution standards for the larger vessels, most of the yachts and pleasure craft are outside its scope of application. However, these vessels are subject to the Directive 2013/53/EU on recreational craft and personal watercraft imposing mandatory installation of holding tanks to watercraft fitted with toilets. The relevant MARPOL and EU standards are implemented in the national law through the Croatian Maritime Code, the Maritime Domain and Seaports Act and the respective bye-laws, enforced through the flag and port state jurisdiction of the Republic of Croatia and the system of inspection control and sanctioning of maritime offences. The discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited within the Croatian territory. The adequate port reception facilities must be fitted in all Croatian ports, including the ports of nautical tourism where it is a responsibility of the concessionary of the port. The authors critically examine whether and how the relevant pollution prevention standards are implemented in the context of yachting and marinas with a view of proposing certain improvements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32903541" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cd732839c9ac2601001e2aa8da19733d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53041769,"asset_id":32903541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53041769/download_file?st=MTczMjc2Njc3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10761479" href="https://hazu.academia.edu/AdrianaPadovan">Adriana Vincenca Padovan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10761479" type="text/json">{"id":10761479,"first_name":"Adriana Vincenca","last_name":"Padovan","domain_name":"hazu","page_name":"AdrianaPadovan","display_name":"Adriana Vincenca Padovan","profile_url":"https://hazu.academia.edu/AdrianaPadovan?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10761479/3227317/3798059/s65_adriana.padovan.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-32903541">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-32903541"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/Luk%C5%A1a%C4%8Ci%C4%8Dova%C4%8Dki">Lukša Čičovački</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-32903541'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-32903541').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32903541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32903541"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32903541; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32903541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32903541").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32903541").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32903541"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="557" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admiralty_Law">Admiralty Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="557" type="text/json">{"id":557,"name":"Admiralty Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admiralty_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3836" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law">Maritime Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3836" type="text/json">{"id":3836,"name":"Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30298" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admiralty_Law_and_Practice">Admiralty Law and Practice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30298" type="text/json">{"id":30298,"name":"Admiralty Law and Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admiralty_Law_and_Practice?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30300" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Law">Shipping Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30300" type="text/json">{"id":30300,"name":"Shipping Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32903541]'), work: {"id":32903541,"title":"Prevention of Pollution by Yachts' Sewage in the Ports of Nautical Tourism - the Legal Framework","created_at":"2017-05-08T04:34:34.939-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32903541/Prevention_of_Pollution_by_Yachts_Sewage_in_the_Ports_of_Nautical_Tourism_the_Legal_Framework?f_ri=123413","dom_id":"work_32903541","summary":"The paper deals with the positive law regulating the standards of prevention of pollution by sewage from yachts and pleasure craft and its specific application in the context of the ports of nautical tourism (marinas). The problem of pollution by sewage from yachts and other recreational craft is specific considering the large and increasing number of yachts sailing in Croatian waters, the particular technical characteristics of pleasure craft, the way they are constructed and certified, the manner in which they are used and operated, and the fact that the nautical ports in which the yachts and other pleasure craft are berthed are special purpose ports subject to a specific legal and management regime. Croatia, is a party to MARPOL, the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships. In particular, the standards of prevention of pollution by sewage are governed by MARPOL Annex IV. Whilst MARPOL regulates prevention of pollution standards for the larger vessels, most of the yachts and pleasure craft are outside its scope of application. However, these vessels are subject to the Directive 2013/53/EU on recreational craft and personal watercraft imposing mandatory installation of holding tanks to watercraft fitted with toilets. The relevant MARPOL and EU standards are implemented in the national law through the Croatian Maritime Code, the Maritime Domain and Seaports Act and the respective bye-laws, enforced through the flag and port state jurisdiction of the Republic of Croatia and the system of inspection control and sanctioning of maritime offences. The discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited within the Croatian territory. The adequate port reception facilities must be fitted in all Croatian ports, including the ports of nautical tourism where it is a responsibility of the concessionary of the port. The authors critically examine whether and how the relevant pollution prevention standards are implemented in the context of yachting and marinas with a view of proposing certain improvements.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53041769,"asset_id":32903541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10761479,"first_name":"Adriana Vincenca","last_name":"Padovan","domain_name":"hazu","page_name":"AdrianaPadovan","display_name":"Adriana Vincenca Padovan","profile_url":"https://hazu.academia.edu/AdrianaPadovan?f_ri=123413","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10761479/3227317/3798059/s65_adriana.padovan.jpg"},{"id":64056884,"first_name":"Lukša","last_name":"Čičovački","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LukšaČičovački","display_name":"Lukša Čičovački","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Luk%C5%A1a%C4%8Ci%C4%8Dova%C4%8Dki?f_ri=123413","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":557,"name":"Admiralty Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admiralty_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":3836,"name":"Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":30298,"name":"Admiralty Law and Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admiralty_Law_and_Practice?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":30300,"name":"Shipping Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Law?f_ri=123413","nofollow":false},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?f_ri=123413"},{"id":252872,"name":"Admiralty/Marine/Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admiralty_Marine_Maritime_Law?f_ri=123413"},{"id":252987,"name":"Admiralty/Marine/Maritime/Merchant Shipping and Port Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admiralty_Marine_Maritime_Merchant_Shipping_and_Port_Law?f_ri=123413"},{"id":285769,"name":"Admiralty and maritime law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admiralty_and_maritime_law?f_ri=123413"},{"id":317626,"name":"Maritime Safety, Pollution and Shipping Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety_Pollution_and_Shipping_Management?f_ri=123413"},{"id":746338,"name":"Shipping and the Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_and_the_Environment?f_ri=123413"},{"id":954942,"name":"Shipping and Carriage of Goods by Sea Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_and_Carriage_of_Goods_by_Sea_Law?f_ri=123413"},{"id":1029711,"name":"International Maritime Organization (IMO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Maritime_Organization_IMO_?f_ri=123413"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety?after=50%2C32903541" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a 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