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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini","location":"/FabioBallini","scheme":"https","host":"wmu.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/FabioBallini","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-1da57815-1038-4fd5-b0c2-73a1e666fc8e"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-1da57815-1038-4fd5-b0c2-73a1e666fc8e"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Fabio Ballini" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/37662326/17290073/17401477/s200_fabio.ballini.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Fabio Ballini</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/">World Maritime University</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/Departments/Maritime_Energy_Management_specialization/Documents">Maritime Energy Management specialization</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Fabio" data-follow-user-id="37662326" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="37662326"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">33</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">20</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">5</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Dr Fabio Ballini has Economic and Maritime Transportation background. He obtained his MSc in Maritime Economics and Transport at the Faculty of Economics in Genova (Italy) and holds a Ph.D. Electrical Engineering, awarded a European Ph.D. label, from the University of Genova (Italy), Dept. of Naval, Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering (DITEN).<br /><br />Dr Fabio Ballini previously held the position of Adjunct Professor and Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Maritime Economy in Genova (Italy) where he taught academic courses on topics related to Maritime Economy, including Social Cost-Benefit Analysis, Gaseous Ship Emissions, Emission Evaluation Models, Intellectual Property Rights in Shipbuilding.<br /><br />At WMU, Dr Fabio Ballini is currently a Lecturer in the Maritime Energy Management specialization and is a member of the Maritime Energy Research Group (MarEner) dealing with research topics related to Port Energy Management Planning, Gaseous Emissions from Ships in Harbors, Externality Cost in Transportation, Externality Modeling, Clean-Tech Solutions and Energy Audit Systems in Port.<br /><br />His recent research areas of interest at the WMU in Malmö have focused on Circular Economy in relation to ports and renewable energy and alternative fuels as a marine fuel.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37662326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Internazionale"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" 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data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-7f8a5d3c-fbfc-4ef5-b768-61297416def3"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-7f8a5d3c-fbfc-4ef5-b768-61297416def3"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37662326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Della_Navigazione"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Diritto Della Navigazione"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-9bd6c94e-5b5f-4600-8e17-dc07447b47de"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-9bd6c94e-5b5f-4600-8e17-dc07447b47de"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37662326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_internazionale_del_mare"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Diritto internazionale del mare"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-c5862651-da3c-49e6-8526-3021dbf5644e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-c5862651-da3c-49e6-8526-3021dbf5644e"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37662326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_Magnetic_Memory_MMM_technology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM) technology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-5d198678-cf65-4999-a5dd-612ba58fce9e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-5d198678-cf65-4999-a5dd-612ba58fce9e"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>8</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Conference-Presentations" data-toggle="tab" href="#conferencepresentations" role="tab" title="Conference Presentations"><span>2</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Conference Presentations</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Fabio Ballini</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34819625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34819625/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54678662/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34819625/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs">Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MDREWNIAK">Megan DREWNIAK</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called "Arctic Passages ". Considering that ice and ice-pacts will remain a concern in the future, the support of icebreakers will still be needed to facilitate the safe passage of ships. Mapping the current state of the particular types of vessels available is the main aim, with a particular focus on individual key players: the Russian Federation (RF), the United States of America (USA) and Canada. Finally, a critical evaluation of the respective needs for the future is taking place. For certain countries under examination, the current state of ice-breaking capabilities is somewhat disconcerting given the expected demand in the Arctic region in coming years coupled with the lengthy acquisition and production process required of a new ice-breaking fleet; their important escalation to cover the current gap is clearly a high priority.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f7ab5ad57892d68626176be898b164e2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54678662,"asset_id":34819625,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54678662/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34819625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34819625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34819625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34819625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34819625]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34819625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34819625']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34819625, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f7ab5ad57892d68626176be898b164e2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34819625]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34819625,"title":"Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called \"Arctic Passages \". Considering that ice and ice-pacts will remain a concern in the future, the support of icebreakers will still be needed to facilitate the safe passage of ships. Mapping the current state of the particular types of vessels available is the main aim, with a particular focus on individual key players: the Russian Federation (RF), the United States of America (USA) and Canada. Finally, a critical evaluation of the respective needs for the future is taking place. For certain countries under examination, the current state of ice-breaking capabilities is somewhat disconcerting given the expected demand in the Arctic region in coming years coupled with the lengthy acquisition and production process required of a new ice-breaking fleet; their important escalation to cover the current gap is clearly a high priority."},"translated_abstract":"As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called \"Arctic Passages \". 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For certain countries under examination, the current state of ice-breaking capabilities is somewhat disconcerting given the expected demand in the Arctic region in coming years coupled with the lengthy acquisition and production process required of a new ice-breaking fleet; their important escalation to cover the current gap is clearly a high priority.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34819625/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-10-10T08:07:40.342-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":28735534,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":30452633,"work_id":34819625,"tagging_user_id":28735534,"tagged_user_id":65327851,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***d@wmu.se","display_order":-1,"name":"Megan DREWNIAK","title":"Geopolitical Considerations of 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Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_Governance"},{"id":75267,"name":"Maritime Training and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Training_and_Education"},{"id":121698,"name":"Arctic and Antarctic politics, science policy, geopolitics of the polar regions, international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_and_Antarctic_politics_science_policy_geopolitics_of_the_polar_regions_international_relat"},{"id":123413,"name":"Maritime Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Safety"},{"id":1023352,"name":"International Operation In Maritime \u0026 Shipping Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Operation_In_Maritime_and_Shipping_Industry"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34549614"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34549614/Liquefied_Natural_Gas_LNG_as_a_Marine_Fuel_Optimising_the_Associated_Infrastructure_in_the_Baltic_Sea_Region"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54414494/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34549614/Liquefied_Natural_Gas_LNG_as_a_Marine_Fuel_Optimising_the_Associated_Infrastructure_in_the_Baltic_Sea_Region">Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/MomokoKitada">Momoko Kitada</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable ene...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable energy production and use. Within the shipping industry one way forward is the use of LNG. Despite being of fossil origin LNG is considered to be an important step towards cleaner shipping given the better properties of the exhausts. The Go LNG initiative is focused on the development of demand and accessibility of LNG in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Activities associated with this strategic-in-nature project aim to promote the implementation of EU's Clean Fuel Strategy and boost LNG usage through the whole transport chain. This paper will present the development of the Go LNG Blue Corridor Strategy for a continued deployment of LNG in the BSR. Important parts of the strategy will include transport flows, LNG infrastructure developments, and the by inclusion of a wider potential value chain that incorporates all transport modalities as well as industries that today use other sources of energy. The strategy will further provide LNG stakeholders with a knowledge base on policies and regulation as well as on technological standards, and describe well-functioning solutions and business models already present in the BSR transport sector.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eb07047df762f9b7d19081217a4488e9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54414494,"asset_id":34549614,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54414494/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34549614"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34549614"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34549614; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34549614]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34549614]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34549614; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34549614']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34549614, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eb07047df762f9b7d19081217a4488e9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34549614]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34549614,"title":"Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable energy production and use. Within the shipping industry one way forward is the use of LNG. Despite being of fossil origin LNG is considered to be an important step towards cleaner shipping given the better properties of the exhausts. The Go LNG initiative is focused on the development of demand and accessibility of LNG in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Activities associated with this strategic-in-nature project aim to promote the implementation of EU's Clean Fuel Strategy and boost LNG usage through the whole transport chain. This paper will present the development of the Go LNG Blue Corridor Strategy for a continued deployment of LNG in the BSR. Important parts of the strategy will include transport flows, LNG infrastructure developments, and the by inclusion of a wider potential value chain that incorporates all transport modalities as well as industries that today use other sources of energy. The strategy will further provide LNG stakeholders with a knowledge base on policies and regulation as well as on technological standards, and describe well-functioning solutions and business models already present in the BSR transport sector."},"translated_abstract":"International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable energy production and use. Within the shipping industry one way forward is the use of LNG. Despite being of fossil origin LNG is considered to be an important step towards cleaner shipping given the better properties of the exhausts. The Go LNG initiative is focused on the development of demand and accessibility of LNG in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Activities associated with this strategic-in-nature project aim to promote the implementation of EU's Clean Fuel Strategy and boost LNG usage through the whole transport chain. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29261712"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29261712/Protecting_the_Arctic_Environment_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Liquefied_Natural_Gas"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Protecting the Arctic Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Liquefied Natural Gas" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49711596/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29261712/Protecting_the_Arctic_Environment_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Liquefied_Natural_Gas">Protecting the Arctic Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Liquefied Natural Gas</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Numerous scientific records of climate indicators and their in depth statistical analyses testify...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Numerous scientific records of climate indicators and their in depth statistical analyses testify that the global warming phenomenon's impact is becoming increasingly evident. Weather patterns have already been severely altered in various regions of the Earth, with the case of the Arctic clearly standing out. As ice-coverage in this region maintains its downward trend, the creation of new and significant business opportunities should, however, be noted. Maritime routes that were previously covered with ice-pacts are now becoming available for shipping; the promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is enticing the least. Additionally, the status of lesser ice in the wider Arctic region could facilitate the extraction of the numerous natural resources (and especially energy related ones) available in all those frozen areas, which were previously widely considered as rather unsuitable for any type of business. The analysis in hand will briefly highlight the decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic and elaborate in its main consequence in relation to the contemporary global maritime transport system: the creation of the so called " Arctic Passages ". Additionally, it will provide a summary of the current regulatory framework associated with the region under discussion and especially the provisions of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code-PCD). Furthermore, considering that the use of petroleum today is the primary marine fuel source within commercial shipping, this analysis will expand upon previous research efforts about how to preserve the arctic environment by limiting the use of such oil fuels. Therefore, it will explore the use of alternative sources, specifically in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), in order to reduce the environmental impact of petroleum spilled within the pristine Arctic waters in the event of an accidental discharge, as well as under the notion to decrease air pollutants.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c8dde6c22eb95e27aaaed54e08fef243" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":49711596,"asset_id":29261712,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49711596/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29261712"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29261712"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29261712; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29261712]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29261712]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29261712; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='29261712']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29261712, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c8dde6c22eb95e27aaaed54e08fef243" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=29261712]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":29261712,"title":"Protecting the Arctic Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Liquefied Natural Gas","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Numerous scientific records of climate indicators and their in depth statistical analyses testify that the global warming phenomenon's impact is becoming increasingly evident. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/33779545/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs">Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MDREWNIAK">Megan DREWNIAK</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dab3d37d52344859d431c67e461fbb1b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/26080721/The_development_of_a_decision_making_framework_for_evaluating_the_trade_off_solutions_of_cleaner_seaborne_transportation">The development of a decision making framework for evaluating the trade-off solutions of cleaner seaborne transportation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b678bbef7cfaba56f804f57c8f2c2cdc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46432372,"asset_id":26080721,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46432372/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26080720"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26080720/A_comparison_of_methods_in_planning_urban_transport_networks_considering_new_perspectives_in_interoperable_systems"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of methods in planning urban transport networks, considering new perspectives in interoperable systems" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26080720/A_comparison_of_methods_in_planning_urban_transport_networks_considering_new_perspectives_in_interoperable_systems">A comparison of methods in planning urban transport networks, considering new perspectives in interoperable systems</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RBozzo">Riccardo Bozzo</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Travel today increasingly involves major traffic routes, between different municipal territories,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Travel today increasingly involves major traffic routes, between different municipal territories, if not even on regional or interregional scales. This phenomenon requires appropriate responses on behalf of public transportation, which must offer sufficient, environmentally responsible, and economically sustainable services with an appealing appearance. With the arrival of forward-thinking transportation systems (innovative rubber-tyred vehicles, some featuring double articulation; interoperable vehicles such as tram-trains), technological innovations now offer a large number of solutions, but also present public administrations and transportation agencies with complicated decisions. The authors of this article propose a method of analysis to assist in these decisions by pre-emptively evaluating the actual technical and economic consequences resulting from the introduction of systems of the latest design.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26080720"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26080720"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26080720; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26080720]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26080720]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26080720; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26080720']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26080720, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26080720]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26080720,"title":"A comparison of methods in planning urban transport networks, considering new perspectives in interoperable systems","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Travel today increasingly involves major traffic routes, between different municipal territories, if not even on regional or interregional scales. 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The authors of this article propose a method of analysis to assist in these decisions by pre-emptively evaluating the actual technical and economic consequences resulting from the introduction of systems of the latest design.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26080720/A_comparison_of_methods_in_planning_urban_transport_networks_considering_new_perspectives_in_interoperable_systems","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-06-13T00:42:38.363-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":37662326,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29741929,"work_id":26080720,"tagging_user_id":37662326,"tagged_user_id":132292564,"co_author_invite_id":6433748,"email":"c***i@unige.it","affiliation":"Università degli Studi di Genova","display_order":0,"name":"Cristina Carnevali","title":"A comparison of methods in planning urban transport networks, considering new perspectives in interoperable systems"},{"id":29741930,"work_id":26080720,"tagging_user_id":37662326,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6433747,"email":"r***a@unige.it","display_order":4194304,"name":"R. Genova","title":"A comparison of methods in planning urban transport networks, considering new perspectives in interoperable systems"},{"id":29741931,"work_id":26080720,"tagging_user_id":37662326,"tagged_user_id":66562179,"co_author_invite_id":1252240,"email":"r***o@unige.it","display_order":6291456,"name":"Riccardo Bozzo","title":"A comparison of methods in planning urban transport networks, considering new perspectives in interoperable systems"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_comparison_of_methods_in_planning_urban_transport_networks_considering_new_perspectives_in_interoperable_systems","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":37662326,"first_name":"Fabio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ballini","page_name":"FabioBallini","domain_name":"wmu","created_at":"2015-11-04T12:16:19.450-08:00","display_name":"Fabio Ballini","url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration"},{"id":3254,"name":"Public Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Transport"},{"id":15282,"name":"Technological Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_Innovation"},{"id":19816,"name":"Intelligent Transport System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligent_Transport_System"},{"id":192426,"name":"Urban Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Transport"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26080719"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26080719/Application_and_perspectives_for_interoperable_systems_in_Italy_and_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Application and perspectives for interoperable systems in Italy and Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26080719/Application_and_perspectives_for_interoperable_systems_in_Italy_and_Europe">Application and perspectives for interoperable systems in Italy and Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Computers in Railways XII</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT A rapid transit system represents one of the main growth areas of the railway business d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT A rapid transit system represents one of the main growth areas of the railway business developed to solve the enhanced mobility request. New solutions have been applied in order to simplify and to improve public transport services, without changing trains and providing a fast, direct link from the city to the outskirts. The solutions are interoperable transport systems (like \“light rail” very similar to the \“Stadtbahn” approach, \“tram-train” and \“train-tram”). The \“tram-train” concept indicates vehicles which operate on railway lines in suburban areas, but that are also able to work on a tramway net to supply a capillary service in the urban area. In central Europe a few cities have planned different tram-train solutions: Karlsruhe, Saarbrücken, Chemnitz and Kassel realised the \“heavy” model (train performances and technical standards similar to railway rolling stock). Other cities choose \“light” systems, adopting vehicles more similar to the tramway design (Nordhausen, Zürich, Vienna, etc.). The tram-train represents the missing link between urban tramway and railway systems, whose transport capability depends only on how the infrastructures are used (railway or tramway nets). Another non conventional and lower cost model is the \“Stadtbahn” which have diverted in-town sections of their system underground; in some of these cases, tunnels have been built to accommodate full metro trains if desired (Stuttgart, Frankfurt a/M, Bochum, Köln, etc.). In Italy \“metrotranvia” lines are to be found in Milan and Turin, based on the light rail model: in Turin the rolling stock have been built with peculiar characteristics (floor height 550 mm for boarding at platform level). Other interesting Italian interoperable systems are the \“Tram delle Valli” in Bergamo</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26080719"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26080719"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26080719; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26080719]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26080719]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26080719; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26080719']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26080719, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26080719]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26080719,"title":"Application and perspectives for interoperable systems in Italy and Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT A rapid transit system represents one of the main growth areas of the railway business developed to solve the enhanced mobility request. New solutions have been applied in order to simplify and to improve public transport services, without changing trains and providing a fast, direct link from the city to the outskirts. The solutions are interoperable transport systems (like \\“light rail” very similar to the \\“Stadtbahn” approach, \\“tram-train” and \\“train-tram”). The \\“tram-train” concept indicates vehicles which operate on railway lines in suburban areas, but that are also able to work on a tramway net to supply a capillary service in the urban area. In central Europe a few cities have planned different tram-train solutions: Karlsruhe, Saarbrücken, Chemnitz and Kassel realised the \\“heavy” model (train performances and technical standards similar to railway rolling stock). Other cities choose \\“light” systems, adopting vehicles more similar to the tramway design (Nordhausen, Zürich, Vienna, etc.). The tram-train represents the missing link between urban tramway and railway systems, whose transport capability depends only on how the infrastructures are used (railway or tramway nets). Another non conventional and lower cost model is the \\“Stadtbahn” which have diverted in-town sections of their system underground; in some of these cases, tunnels have been built to accommodate full metro trains if desired (Stuttgart, Frankfurt a/M, Bochum, Köln, etc.). In Italy \\“metrotranvia” lines are to be found in Milan and Turin, based on the light rail model: in Turin the rolling stock have been built with peculiar characteristics (floor height 550 mm for boarding at platform level). Other interesting Italian interoperable systems are the \\“Tram delle Valli” in Bergamo","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Computers in Railways XII"},"translated_abstract":"ABSTRACT A rapid transit system represents one of the main growth areas of the railway business developed to solve the enhanced mobility request. New solutions have been applied in order to simplify and to improve public transport services, without changing trains and providing a fast, direct link from the city to the outskirts. The solutions are interoperable transport systems (like \\“light rail” very similar to the \\“Stadtbahn” approach, \\“tram-train” and \\“train-tram”). The \\“tram-train” concept indicates vehicles which operate on railway lines in suburban areas, but that are also able to work on a tramway net to supply a capillary service in the urban area. In central Europe a few cities have planned different tram-train solutions: Karlsruhe, Saarbrücken, Chemnitz and Kassel realised the \\“heavy” model (train performances and technical standards similar to railway rolling stock). Other cities choose \\“light” systems, adopting vehicles more similar to the tramway design (Nordhausen, Zürich, Vienna, etc.). The tram-train represents the missing link between urban tramway and railway systems, whose transport capability depends only on how the infrastructures are used (railway or tramway nets). Another non conventional and lower cost model is the \\“Stadtbahn” which have diverted in-town sections of their system underground; in some of these cases, tunnels have been built to accommodate full metro trains if desired (Stuttgart, Frankfurt a/M, Bochum, Köln, etc.). In Italy \\“metrotranvia” lines are to be found in Milan and Turin, based on the light rail model: in Turin the rolling stock have been built with peculiar characteristics (floor height 550 mm for boarding at platform level). Other interesting Italian interoperable systems are the \\“Tram delle Valli” in Bergamo","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26080719/Application_and_perspectives_for_interoperable_systems_in_Italy_and_Europe","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-06-13T00:42:38.215-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":37662326,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29741928,"work_id":26080719,"tagging_user_id":37662326,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6433747,"email":"r***a@unige.it","display_order":0,"name":"R. Genova","title":"Application and perspectives for interoperable systems in Italy and Europe"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Application_and_perspectives_for_interoperable_systems_in_Italy_and_Europe","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":37662326,"first_name":"Fabio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ballini","page_name":"FabioBallini","domain_name":"wmu","created_at":"2015-11-04T12:16:19.450-08:00","display_name":"Fabio Ballini","url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18991401"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18991401/Arctic_LNG_Exploring_the_Benefits_of_Alternative_Fuels_to_Mitigate_Environmental_Impact_Risks"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Arctic LNG: Exploring the Benefits of Alternative Fuels to Mitigate Environmental Impact Risks" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40369484/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18991401/Arctic_LNG_Exploring_the_Benefits_of_Alternative_Fuels_to_Mitigate_Environmental_Impact_Risks">Arctic LNG: Exploring the Benefits of Alternative Fuels to Mitigate Environmental Impact Risks</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/JarrodDeWitz">Jarrod DeWitz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Considering that the use of oil today is the dominant marine fuel within the maritime domain, thi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Considering that the use of oil today is the dominant marine fuel within the maritime domain, this paper will explore the effort to preserve the arctic environment by limiting the use of marine fuel oil. In August 2011, International Maritime Organization (IMO) amended International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) to include Chapter 9 of Annex I, prohibiting the use of heavy grade oils as fuel (as well as cargo carriage) in the sea area south of latitude 60° South. This, along with the recent adoption of the Polar Code, is a clear indicator of increased global interest to establish safer practices. The intent of this analysis will be to explore the use of alternative fuels, specifically in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), in order to reduce the environmental impact of oil spilled within the pristine Arctic waters in the event of an accidental discharge as well as decrease air pollutants.<br />When using a fuel that has the physical properties of oil, sea trade being its largest modal consumer, there is inherent pollution associated with emissions and routine maintenance/operations. Furthermore, in case of an oil spill, the consequences can be devastating and the resources needed to combat the effects are extremely demanding. Although there are many alternatives to oil, in today’s contemporary energy portfolio, LNG has become the most viable and promising fuel alternative. This industry has grown exponentially over the last few years, with technical capabilities steadily improving.<br />In summary, the authors envisage that further regulations strictly limiting the use of oil within the Polar Regions will significantly reduce the environmental impacts in terms of pollution (accidental or operational). As data has shown today, LNG is scientifically proven to reduce emissions released into the atmosphere. Moreover, LNG’s composition is such that when spilled, it will evaporate rapidly causing negligible effects normally associated with oil: therefore, the resulting in the protection of a sensitive ecosystem, minimizing clean-up efforts and subsequently curbing the need for expensive pollution response inventories.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0d6fd782fbdbf3694bd8928b9523941a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40369484,"asset_id":18991401,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40369484/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18991401"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18991401"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18991401; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18991401]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18991401]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18991401; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18991401']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18991401, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0d6fd782fbdbf3694bd8928b9523941a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18991401]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18991401,"title":"Arctic LNG: Exploring the Benefits of Alternative Fuels to Mitigate Environmental Impact Risks","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Considering that the use of oil today is the dominant marine fuel within the maritime domain, this paper will explore the effort to preserve the arctic environment by limiting the use of marine fuel oil. In August 2011, International Maritime Organization (IMO) amended International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) to include Chapter 9 of Annex I, prohibiting the use of heavy grade oils as fuel (as well as cargo carriage) in the sea area south of latitude 60° South. This, along with the recent adoption of the Polar Code, is a clear indicator of increased global interest to establish safer practices. The intent of this analysis will be to explore the use of alternative fuels, specifically in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), in order to reduce the environmental impact of oil spilled within the pristine Arctic waters in the event of an accidental discharge as well as decrease air pollutants.\nWhen using a fuel that has the physical properties of oil, sea trade being its largest modal consumer, there is inherent pollution associated with emissions and routine maintenance/operations. 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This industry has grown exponentially over the last few years, with technical capabilities steadily improving.\nIn summary, the authors envisage that further regulations strictly limiting the use of oil within the Polar Regions will significantly reduce the environmental impacts in terms of pollution (accidental or operational). As data has shown today, LNG is scientifically proven to reduce emissions released into the atmosphere. 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js-section-heading" data-section="Conference Presentations" id="Conference Presentations"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Conference Presentations by Fabio Ballini</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33779550"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33779550/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53768093/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33779550/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs">Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called "Arctic Passages”. Considering that ice and ice-pacts will remain a concern in the future, the support of icebreakers will still be needed to facilitate the safe passage of ships. Mapping the current state of the particular types of vessels available is the main aim, with a particular focus on individual key players: the Russian Federation (RF), the United States of America (USA) and Canada. Finally, a critical evaluation of the respective needs for the future is taking place. For certain countries under examination, the current state of ice-breaking capabilities is somewhat disconcerting given the expected demand in the Arctic region in coming years coupled with the lengthy acquisition and production process required of a new ice-breaking fleet; their important escalation to cover the current gap is clearly a high priority.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7849fca9816986b6c92db6ef7775303e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53768093,"asset_id":33779550,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53768093/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33779550"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33779550"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33779550; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33779550]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33779550]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33779550; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33779550']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33779550, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7849fca9816986b6c92db6ef7775303e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33779550]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33779550,"title":"Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33867272/Liquefied_Natural_Gas_LNG_as_a_Marine_Fuel_Optimising_the_Associated_Infrastructure_in_the_Baltic_Sea_Region"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53845385/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33867272/Liquefied_Natural_Gas_LNG_as_a_Marine_Fuel_Optimising_the_Associated_Infrastructure_in_the_Baltic_Sea_Region">Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable ene...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable energy production and use. Within the shipping industry one way forward is the use of LNG. Despite being of fossil origin LNG is considered to be an important step towards cleaner shipping given the better properties of the exhausts. The Go LNG initiative is focused on the development of demand and accessibility of LNG in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Activities associated with this strategic-in-nature project aim to promote the implementation of EU’s Clean Fuel Strategy and boost LNG usage through the whole transport chain. This paper will present the development of the Go LNG Blue Corridor Strategy for a continued deployment of LNG in the BSR. Important parts of the strategy will include transport flows, LNG infrastructure developments, and the by inclusion of a wider potential value chain that incorporates all transport modalities as well as industries that today use other sources of energy. The strategy will further provide LNG stakeholders with a knowledge base on policies and regulation as well as on technological standards, and describe well-functioning solutions and business models already present in the BSR transport sector.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a060aaf910b729b3239eb7e098cf0f5f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53845385,"asset_id":33867272,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53845385/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33867272"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33867272"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33867272; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33867272]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33867272]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33867272; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33867272']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33867272, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a060aaf910b729b3239eb7e098cf0f5f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33867272]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33867272,"title":"Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable energy production and use. Within the shipping industry one way forward is the use of LNG. Despite being of fossil origin LNG is considered to be an important step towards cleaner shipping given the better properties of the exhausts. The Go LNG initiative is focused on the development of demand and accessibility of LNG in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Activities associated with this strategic-in-nature project aim to promote the implementation of EU’s Clean Fuel Strategy and boost LNG usage through the whole transport chain. This paper will present the development of the Go LNG Blue Corridor Strategy for a continued deployment of LNG in the BSR. Important parts of the strategy will include transport flows, LNG infrastructure developments, and the by inclusion of a wider potential value chain that incorporates all transport modalities as well as industries that today use other sources of energy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4142254" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34819625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34819625/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54678662/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34819625/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs">Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MDREWNIAK">Megan DREWNIAK</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called "Arctic Passages ". Considering that ice and ice-pacts will remain a concern in the future, the support of icebreakers will still be needed to facilitate the safe passage of ships. Mapping the current state of the particular types of vessels available is the main aim, with a particular focus on individual key players: the Russian Federation (RF), the United States of America (USA) and Canada. Finally, a critical evaluation of the respective needs for the future is taking place. For certain countries under examination, the current state of ice-breaking capabilities is somewhat disconcerting given the expected demand in the Arctic region in coming years coupled with the lengthy acquisition and production process required of a new ice-breaking fleet; their important escalation to cover the current gap is clearly a high priority.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f7ab5ad57892d68626176be898b164e2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54678662,"asset_id":34819625,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54678662/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34819625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34819625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34819625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34819625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34819625]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34819625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34819625']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34819625, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f7ab5ad57892d68626176be898b164e2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34819625]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34819625,"title":"Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. 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data-work-id="34549614"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34549614/Liquefied_Natural_Gas_LNG_as_a_Marine_Fuel_Optimising_the_Associated_Infrastructure_in_the_Baltic_Sea_Region"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54414494/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34549614/Liquefied_Natural_Gas_LNG_as_a_Marine_Fuel_Optimising_the_Associated_Infrastructure_in_the_Baltic_Sea_Region">Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/MomokoKitada">Momoko Kitada</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable ene...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable energy production and use. Within the shipping industry one way forward is the use of LNG. Despite being of fossil origin LNG is considered to be an important step towards cleaner shipping given the better properties of the exhausts. The Go LNG initiative is focused on the development of demand and accessibility of LNG in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Activities associated with this strategic-in-nature project aim to promote the implementation of EU's Clean Fuel Strategy and boost LNG usage through the whole transport chain. This paper will present the development of the Go LNG Blue Corridor Strategy for a continued deployment of LNG in the BSR. Important parts of the strategy will include transport flows, LNG infrastructure developments, and the by inclusion of a wider potential value chain that incorporates all transport modalities as well as industries that today use other sources of energy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29261712"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29261712/Protecting_the_Arctic_Environment_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Liquefied_Natural_Gas"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Protecting the Arctic Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Liquefied Natural Gas" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49711596/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29261712/Protecting_the_Arctic_Environment_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Liquefied_Natural_Gas">Protecting the Arctic Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Liquefied Natural Gas</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Numerous scientific records of climate indicators and their in depth statistical analyses testify...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Numerous scientific records of climate indicators and their in depth statistical analyses testify that the global warming phenomenon's impact is becoming increasingly evident. Weather patterns have already been severely altered in various regions of the Earth, with the case of the Arctic clearly standing out. As ice-coverage in this region maintains its downward trend, the creation of new and significant business opportunities should, however, be noted. Maritime routes that were previously covered with ice-pacts are now becoming available for shipping; the promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is enticing the least. Additionally, the status of lesser ice in the wider Arctic region could facilitate the extraction of the numerous natural resources (and especially energy related ones) available in all those frozen areas, which were previously widely considered as rather unsuitable for any type of business. The analysis in hand will briefly highlight the decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic and elaborate in its main consequence in relation to the contemporary global maritime transport system: the creation of the so called " Arctic Passages ". Additionally, it will provide a summary of the current regulatory framework associated with the region under discussion and especially the provisions of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code-PCD). Furthermore, considering that the use of petroleum today is the primary marine fuel source within commercial shipping, this analysis will expand upon previous research efforts about how to preserve the arctic environment by limiting the use of such oil fuels. Therefore, it will explore the use of alternative sources, specifically in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), in order to reduce the environmental impact of petroleum spilled within the pristine Arctic waters in the event of an accidental discharge, as well as under the notion to decrease air pollutants.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c8dde6c22eb95e27aaaed54e08fef243" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":49711596,"asset_id":29261712,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49711596/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29261712"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29261712"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29261712; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29261712]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29261712]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29261712; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='29261712']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29261712, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c8dde6c22eb95e27aaaed54e08fef243" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=29261712]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":29261712,"title":"Protecting the Arctic Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Liquefied Natural Gas","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Numerous scientific records of climate indicators and their in depth statistical analyses testify that the global warming phenomenon's impact is becoming increasingly evident. Weather patterns have already been severely altered in various regions of the Earth, with the case of the Arctic clearly standing out. As ice-coverage in this region maintains its downward trend, the creation of new and significant business opportunities should, however, be noted. Maritime routes that were previously covered with ice-pacts are now becoming available for shipping; the promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is enticing the least. Additionally, the status of lesser ice in the wider Arctic region could facilitate the extraction of the numerous natural resources (and especially energy related ones) available in all those frozen areas, which were previously widely considered as rather unsuitable for any type of business. 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Maritime routes that were previously covered with ice-pacts are now becoming available for shipping; the promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is enticing the least. Additionally, the status of lesser ice in the wider Arctic region could facilitate the extraction of the numerous natural resources (and especially energy related ones) available in all those frozen areas, which were previously widely considered as rather unsuitable for any type of business. The analysis in hand will briefly highlight the decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic and elaborate in its main consequence in relation to the contemporary global maritime transport system: the creation of the so called \" Arctic Passages \". Additionally, it will provide a summary of the current regulatory framework associated with the region under discussion and especially the provisions of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code-PCD). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26080720"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26080720/A_comparison_of_methods_in_planning_urban_transport_networks_considering_new_perspectives_in_interoperable_systems"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of methods in planning urban transport networks, considering new perspectives in interoperable systems" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26080720/A_comparison_of_methods_in_planning_urban_transport_networks_considering_new_perspectives_in_interoperable_systems">A comparison of methods in planning urban transport networks, considering new perspectives in interoperable systems</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RBozzo">Riccardo Bozzo</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Travel today increasingly involves major traffic routes, between different municipal territories,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Travel today increasingly involves major traffic routes, between different municipal territories, if not even on regional or interregional scales. This phenomenon requires appropriate responses on behalf of public transportation, which must offer sufficient, environmentally responsible, and economically sustainable services with an appealing appearance. With the arrival of forward-thinking transportation systems (innovative rubber-tyred vehicles, some featuring double articulation; interoperable vehicles such as tram-trains), technological innovations now offer a large number of solutions, but also present public administrations and transportation agencies with complicated decisions. The authors of this article propose a method of analysis to assist in these decisions by pre-emptively evaluating the actual technical and economic consequences resulting from the introduction of systems of the latest design.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26080720"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26080720"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26080720; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26080720]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26080720]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26080720; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26080720']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26080720, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26080720]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26080720,"title":"A comparison of methods in planning urban transport networks, considering new perspectives in interoperable systems","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Travel today increasingly involves major traffic routes, between different municipal territories, if not even on regional or interregional scales. 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New solutions have been applied in order to simplify and to improve public transport services, without changing trains and providing a fast, direct link from the city to the outskirts. The solutions are interoperable transport systems (like \“light rail” very similar to the \“Stadtbahn” approach, \“tram-train” and \“train-tram”). The \“tram-train” concept indicates vehicles which operate on railway lines in suburban areas, but that are also able to work on a tramway net to supply a capillary service in the urban area. In central Europe a few cities have planned different tram-train solutions: Karlsruhe, Saarbrücken, Chemnitz and Kassel realised the \“heavy” model (train performances and technical standards similar to railway rolling stock). Other cities choose \“light” systems, adopting vehicles more similar to the tramway design (Nordhausen, Zürich, Vienna, etc.). The tram-train represents the missing link between urban tramway and railway systems, whose transport capability depends only on how the infrastructures are used (railway or tramway nets). Another non conventional and lower cost model is the \“Stadtbahn” which have diverted in-town sections of their system underground; in some of these cases, tunnels have been built to accommodate full metro trains if desired (Stuttgart, Frankfurt a/M, Bochum, Köln, etc.). In Italy \“metrotranvia” lines are to be found in Milan and Turin, based on the light rail model: in Turin the rolling stock have been built with peculiar characteristics (floor height 550 mm for boarding at platform level). 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In central Europe a few cities have planned different tram-train solutions: Karlsruhe, Saarbrücken, Chemnitz and Kassel realised the \\“heavy” model (train performances and technical standards similar to railway rolling stock). Other cities choose \\“light” systems, adopting vehicles more similar to the tramway design (Nordhausen, Zürich, Vienna, etc.). The tram-train represents the missing link between urban tramway and railway systems, whose transport capability depends only on how the infrastructures are used (railway or tramway nets). Another non conventional and lower cost model is the \\“Stadtbahn” which have diverted in-town sections of their system underground; in some of these cases, tunnels have been built to accommodate full metro trains if desired (Stuttgart, Frankfurt a/M, Bochum, Köln, etc.). 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Genova","title":"Application and perspectives for interoperable systems in Italy and Europe"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Application_and_perspectives_for_interoperable_systems_in_Italy_and_Europe","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":37662326,"first_name":"Fabio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ballini","page_name":"FabioBallini","domain_name":"wmu","created_at":"2015-11-04T12:16:19.450-08:00","display_name":"Fabio Ballini","url":"https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18991401"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18991401/Arctic_LNG_Exploring_the_Benefits_of_Alternative_Fuels_to_Mitigate_Environmental_Impact_Risks"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Arctic LNG: Exploring the Benefits of Alternative Fuels to Mitigate Environmental Impact Risks" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40369484/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18991401/Arctic_LNG_Exploring_the_Benefits_of_Alternative_Fuels_to_Mitigate_Environmental_Impact_Risks">Arctic LNG: Exploring the Benefits of Alternative Fuels to Mitigate Environmental Impact Risks</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/JarrodDeWitz">Jarrod DeWitz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Considering that the use of oil today is the dominant marine fuel within the maritime domain, thi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Considering that the use of oil today is the dominant marine fuel within the maritime domain, this paper will explore the effort to preserve the arctic environment by limiting the use of marine fuel oil. In August 2011, International Maritime Organization (IMO) amended International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) to include Chapter 9 of Annex I, prohibiting the use of heavy grade oils as fuel (as well as cargo carriage) in the sea area south of latitude 60° South. This, along with the recent adoption of the Polar Code, is a clear indicator of increased global interest to establish safer practices. The intent of this analysis will be to explore the use of alternative fuels, specifically in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), in order to reduce the environmental impact of oil spilled within the pristine Arctic waters in the event of an accidental discharge as well as decrease air pollutants.<br />When using a fuel that has the physical properties of oil, sea trade being its largest modal consumer, there is inherent pollution associated with emissions and routine maintenance/operations. Furthermore, in case of an oil spill, the consequences can be devastating and the resources needed to combat the effects are extremely demanding. Although there are many alternatives to oil, in today’s contemporary energy portfolio, LNG has become the most viable and promising fuel alternative. This industry has grown exponentially over the last few years, with technical capabilities steadily improving.<br />In summary, the authors envisage that further regulations strictly limiting the use of oil within the Polar Regions will significantly reduce the environmental impacts in terms of pollution (accidental or operational). As data has shown today, LNG is scientifically proven to reduce emissions released into the atmosphere. Moreover, LNG’s composition is such that when spilled, it will evaporate rapidly causing negligible effects normally associated with oil: therefore, the resulting in the protection of a sensitive ecosystem, minimizing clean-up efforts and subsequently curbing the need for expensive pollution response inventories.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0d6fd782fbdbf3694bd8928b9523941a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40369484,"asset_id":18991401,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40369484/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18991401"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18991401"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18991401; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18991401]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18991401]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18991401; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18991401']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18991401, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0d6fd782fbdbf3694bd8928b9523941a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18991401]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18991401,"title":"Arctic LNG: Exploring the Benefits of Alternative Fuels to Mitigate Environmental Impact Risks","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Considering that the use of oil today is the dominant marine fuel within the maritime domain, this paper will explore the effort to preserve the arctic environment by limiting the use of marine fuel oil. In August 2011, International Maritime Organization (IMO) amended International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) to include Chapter 9 of Annex I, prohibiting the use of heavy grade oils as fuel (as well as cargo carriage) in the sea area south of latitude 60° South. This, along with the recent adoption of the Polar Code, is a clear indicator of increased global interest to establish safer practices. The intent of this analysis will be to explore the use of alternative fuels, specifically in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), in order to reduce the environmental impact of oil spilled within the pristine Arctic waters in the event of an accidental discharge as well as decrease air pollutants.\nWhen using a fuel that has the physical properties of oil, sea trade being its largest modal consumer, there is inherent pollution associated with emissions and routine maintenance/operations. 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js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="7226727" id="conferencepresentations"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33779550"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33779550/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53768093/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33779550/Geopolitical_Considerations_of_Shipping_Operations_in_the_Arctic_Mapping_the_Current_State_of_Icebreakers_and_Identifying_Future_Needs">Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called "Arctic Passages”. Considering that ice and ice-pacts will remain a concern in the future, the support of icebreakers will still be needed to facilitate the safe passage of ships. Mapping the current state of the particular types of vessels available is the main aim, with a particular focus on individual key players: the Russian Federation (RF), the United States of America (USA) and Canada. Finally, a critical evaluation of the respective needs for the future is taking place. For certain countries under examination, the current state of ice-breaking capabilities is somewhat disconcerting given the expected demand in the Arctic region in coming years coupled with the lengthy acquisition and production process required of a new ice-breaking fleet; their important escalation to cover the current gap is clearly a high priority.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7849fca9816986b6c92db6ef7775303e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53768093,"asset_id":33779550,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53768093/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NTUwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33779550"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33779550"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33779550; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33779550]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33779550]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33779550; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33779550']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33779550, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7849fca9816986b6c92db6ef7775303e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33779550]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33779550,"title":"Geopolitical Considerations of Shipping Operations in the Arctic: Mapping the Current State of Icebreakers and Identifying Future Needs","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called \"Arctic Passages”. Considering that ice and ice-pacts will remain a concern in the future, the support of icebreakers will still be needed to facilitate the safe passage of ships. Mapping the current state of the particular types of vessels available is the main aim, with a particular focus on individual key players: the Russian Federation (RF), the United States of America (USA) and Canada. Finally, a critical evaluation of the respective needs for the future is taking place. For certain countries under examination, the current state of ice-breaking capabilities is somewhat disconcerting given the expected demand in the Arctic region in coming years coupled with the lengthy acquisition and production process required of a new ice-breaking fleet; their important escalation to cover the current gap is clearly a high priority."},"translated_abstract":"As the ice-coverage within the Arctic Region maintains a downward trend, extraordinary opportunities to capitalize on a plethora of untapped resources are looming. The promise for shorter voyages from Asia towards Europe and/or the Americas (and vice-versa) is also very enticing; navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and/or the Northwest Passage (NWP) is now more feasible. The analysis in hand will briefly discuss the so-called \"Arctic Passages”. 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33867272/Liquefied_Natural_Gas_LNG_as_a_Marine_Fuel_Optimising_the_Associated_Infrastructure_in_the_Baltic_Sea_Region"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53845385/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33867272/Liquefied_Natural_Gas_LNG_as_a_Marine_Fuel_Optimising_the_Associated_Infrastructure_in_the_Baltic_Sea_Region">Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/FabioBallini">Fabio Ballini</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wmu.academia.edu/DimitriosDalaklis">Dimitrios Dalaklis</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable ene...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable energy production and use. Within the shipping industry one way forward is the use of LNG. Despite being of fossil origin LNG is considered to be an important step towards cleaner shipping given the better properties of the exhausts. The Go LNG initiative is focused on the development of demand and accessibility of LNG in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Activities associated with this strategic-in-nature project aim to promote the implementation of EU’s Clean Fuel Strategy and boost LNG usage through the whole transport chain. This paper will present the development of the Go LNG Blue Corridor Strategy for a continued deployment of LNG in the BSR. Important parts of the strategy will include transport flows, LNG infrastructure developments, and the by inclusion of a wider potential value chain that incorporates all transport modalities as well as industries that today use other sources of energy. The strategy will further provide LNG stakeholders with a knowledge base on policies and regulation as well as on technological standards, and describe well-functioning solutions and business models already present in the BSR transport sector.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a060aaf910b729b3239eb7e098cf0f5f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53845385,"asset_id":33867272,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53845385/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NTUwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NTUwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33867272"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33867272"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33867272; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33867272]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33867272]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33867272; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33867272']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33867272, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a060aaf910b729b3239eb7e098cf0f5f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33867272]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33867272,"title":"Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Marine Fuel: Optimising the Associated Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable energy production and use. Within the shipping industry one way forward is the use of LNG. Despite being of fossil origin LNG is considered to be an important step towards cleaner shipping given the better properties of the exhausts. The Go LNG initiative is focused on the development of demand and accessibility of LNG in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Activities associated with this strategic-in-nature project aim to promote the implementation of EU’s Clean Fuel Strategy and boost LNG usage through the whole transport chain. This paper will present the development of the Go LNG Blue Corridor Strategy for a continued deployment of LNG in the BSR. Important parts of the strategy will include transport flows, LNG infrastructure developments, and the by inclusion of a wider potential value chain that incorporates all transport modalities as well as industries that today use other sources of energy. 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