CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Boies Penrose - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8e5b4189-9324-428a-8b65-40facea17996","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Boies_Penrose","wgTitle":"Boies Penrose","wgCurRevisionId":1254585788,"wgRevisionId":1254585788,"wgArticleId":2598977,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from September 2023","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles with Internet Archive links","1860 births","1921 deaths","19th-century American politicians","20th-century American politicians","American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law","American people of Cornish descent","American political bosses from Pennsylvania", "Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)","Chairs of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania","Deaths from pulmonary embolism","Episcopal Academy alumni","Harvard University alumni","Penrose family","Politicians from Philadelphia","Presidents pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate","Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives","Republican Party Pennsylvania state senators","Republican Party United States senators from Pennsylvania"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Boies_Penrose","wgRelevantArticleId":2598977,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q891015","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1530"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1020"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="816"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Boies Penrose - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boies_Penrose"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boies_Penrose"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Boies_Penrose rootpage-Boies_Penrose skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Boies+Penrose" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Boies+Penrose" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Boies+Penrose" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Boies+Penrose" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pennsylvania_legislature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pennsylvania_legislature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pennsylvania legislature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pennsylvania_legislature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Senate_and_National_Republican_Party_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Senate_and_National_Republican_Party_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>U.S. Senate and National Republican Party Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Senate_and_National_Republican_Party_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life and business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boies Penrose</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="بویاز پنروز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بویاز پنروز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boies Penrose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="بویاز پنروز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بویاز پنروز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Boies Penrose" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بويس پينروس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بويس پينروس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boies Penrose" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q891015#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Boies_Penrose" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Boies_Penrose" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Boies_Penrose" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&oldid=1254585788" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Boies_Penrose&id=1254585788&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoies_Penrose"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoies_Penrose"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Boies_Penrose&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boies_Penrose" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q891015" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States Senator from Pennsylvania (1860-1921)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Boies Penrose</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PENROSE,_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7244" data-file-height="9239" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1897 – December 31, 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Donald_Cameron" class="mw-redirect" title="James Donald Cameron">J. Donald Cameron</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Pepper" title="George W. Pepper">George Pepper</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a><br />from Pennsylvania</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 18, 1916 – December 31, 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_G._Wasson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry G. Wasson (page does not exist)">Henry Wasson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Wharton_Pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="George Wharton Pepper">George Pepper</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 9, 1904 – May 1, 1912</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_S._Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew S. Quay">Matthew Quay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_G._Wasson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry G. Wasson (page does not exist)">Henry Wasson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_State_Committee_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania">Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 27, 1903 – April 26, 1905</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_S._Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew S. Quay">Matthew Quay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wesley_R._Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wesley R. Andrews (page does not exist)">Wesley Andrews</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Pennsylvania_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate">President pro tempore</a><br />of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Senate">Pennsylvania Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 9, 1889 – May 28, 1891</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Grady" title="John C. Grady">John Grady</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_P._S._Gobin" title="John P. S. Gobin">John P. S. Gobin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Senate">Pennsylvania Senate</a></span><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Senate,_District_6" title="Pennsylvania Senate, District 6">6th</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 4, 1887 – January 27, 1897<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Adams,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Adams, Jr.">Robert Adams, Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Wilson_Durham" title="Israel Wilson Durham">Israel Wilson Durham</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a></span><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia County</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 6, 1885<sup id="cite_ref-Succession_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Succession-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – June 12, 1885</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1860-11-01</span>)</span>November 1, 1860<br /><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 31, 1921<span style="display:none">(1921-12-31)</span> (aged 61)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Hill_Cemetery" title="Laurel Hill Cemetery">Laurel Hill Cemetery</a>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Boies Penrose</b> (November 1, 1860 – December 31, 1921) was an American politician from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, who served as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> for Pennsylvania from 1897 to 1921. He served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a> for the Philadelphia County district in 1885. He served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Senate" title="Pennsylvania State Senate">Pennsylvania State Senate</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Senate,_District_6" title="Pennsylvania Senate, District 6">6th district</a> in 1897 and as <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Pennsylvania_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate">President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate</a> from 1889 to 1891. </p><p>Penrose was the fourth <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a> of the Pennsylvania Republican <a href="/wiki/Political_machine" title="Political machine">political machine</a> (known under his bossism as the <a href="/wiki/Penrose_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrose machine">Penrose machine</a>), following <a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Simon Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">Donald Cameron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Quay" title="Matthew Quay">Matthew Quay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198053_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198053-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the most powerful political operative in Pennsylvania for 17 years, supported <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren Harding</a> in his nomination for U.S. president, and added the <a href="/wiki/Oil_depletion_allowance" title="Oil depletion allowance">oil depletion allowance</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1913" title="Revenue Act of 1913">Revenue Act of 1913</a> to benefit oil producers. Penrose was the longest-serving U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania until <a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Arlen Specter</a> surpassed his record in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-SGoldstein_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGoldstein-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born on November 1, 1860,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Philadelphia, one of seven sons,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Dr. Richard Alexander Fullerton Penrose and Sarah Hannah Boies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born into a prominent <a href="/wiki/Old_Philadelphian" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Philadelphian">Old Philadelphian</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family traced their American origins to Bartholomew Penrose, a Bristol shipbuilder, who was invited by <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> to establish a shipyard in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoelNorman20021_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoelNorman20021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a grandson of Speaker of the Pennsylvania Senate <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Penrose" title="Charles B. Penrose">Charles B. Penrose</a> and brother of gynecologist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bingham_Penrose" title="Charles Bingham Penrose">Charles Bingham Penrose</a> and mining entrepreneurs <a href="/wiki/R.A.F._Penrose" class="mw-redirect" title="R.A.F. Penrose">Richard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Penrose" title="Spencer Penrose">Spencer</a> Penrose. He was a descendant of the prominent <a href="/wiki/Biddle_family" title="Biddle family">Biddle family</a> of Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-PASenateBio_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PASenateBio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penrose attended <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Academy" title="Episcopal Academy">Episcopal Academy</a><sup id="cite_ref-HouseBio_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HouseBio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. He was almost expelled from Harvard due to poor academics but was able to improve his grades by Senior year.<sup id="cite_ref-HSP_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSP-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated second in his class in 1881. After <a href="/wiki/Reading_the_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading the law">reading the law</a> with the firm of <a href="/wiki/Wayne_MacVeagh" title="Wayne MacVeagh">Wayne MacVeagh</a> and George Tucker Bispham,<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pennsylvania_legislature">Pennsylvania legislature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pennsylvania legislature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a> for Philadelphia County in 1885,<sup id="cite_ref-HouseBio_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HouseBio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Senate" title="Pennsylvania State Senate">Pennsylvania State Senate</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Senate,_District_6" title="Pennsylvania Senate, District 6">6th district</a> in 1886. He served as <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Pennsylvania_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate">president pro tempore</a> from 1889 to 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-PASenateBio_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PASenateBio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of 26, he was the youngest state senator and at age 29, the youngest President pro tempore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198053_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198053-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Penrose wrote two books on political reform, he joined the political machine of <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Quay" title="Matthew Quay">Matthew Quay</a>, a Pennsylvania Republican <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ch4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ch4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1895, Penrose ran unsuccessfully for mayor of Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was forced to withdraw from the race when his Democrat opponent released a photo of Penrose leaving a <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothel</a> at three o'clock in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senate_and_National_Republican_Party_Committee">U.S. Senate and National Republican Party Committee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. Senate and National Republican Party Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1897, the state legislature elected Penrose to the United States Senate over <a href="/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker">John Wanamaker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198053_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198053-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penrose was a dominant member of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_Committee_on_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate Committee on Finance">Senate Finance Committee</a> and supported high protective <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a>. He had also served on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">United States Senate Committee on Banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Naval_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Naval Affairs">United States Senate Committee on Naval Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Post_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Post Roads">United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Post Roads</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor,_and_Pensions" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions">United States Senate Committee on Education and Labor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Immigration">United States Senate Committee on Immigration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-death_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Penrose's most important legislative actions was adding the <a href="/wiki/Oil_depletion_allowance" title="Oil depletion allowance">oil depletion allowance</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1913" title="Revenue Act of 1913">Revenue Act of 1913</a> which benefited oil producers including the Mellons and the Pews.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198042_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198042-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penrose consistently supported "pro-business" policies, and opposed labor reform and women's rights.<sup id="cite_ref-Ch4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ch4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He created the development of "squeeze bills", in which he would have Pennsylvania colleagues enter bills into the Pennsylvania legislature that were negative toward major industries, such as railroads and banks, and promised to remove the bills after receiving sufficient political contributions from those industries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198053_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198053-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penrose was elected Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_State_Committee_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania">State Republican Party</a> in 1903, succeeding fellow Senator Matthew Quay.<sup id="cite_ref-ChairmanIn_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChairmanIn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later, Quay died, and Penrose was appointed to succeed him as the state's <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committeeman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RNCin_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNCin-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the most powerful political operative in Pennsylvania for the next 17 years<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198041–42_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198041–42-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and enabled figures like <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Baldwin" title="Richard J. Baldwin">Richard Baldwin</a> to advance through loyalty to his organization.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912 presidential election</a>, Penrose strongly supported incumbent President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> over former President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>. To discredit Roosevelt in the three-way race that year, Penrose worked with Roosevelt's embittered <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912-1920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912-1920)">Progressive</a> rival, <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a>, to establish a Senate committee to investigate sources of contributions to Roosevelt's 1904 and 1912 campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a campaign that consisted of heavy attacks on Penrose, Roosevelt won Pennsylvania in the 1912 election, although Democrat <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> won the national vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Abernethy_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abernethy-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penrose was also a major supporter of <a href="/wiki/Warren_Harding" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren Harding">Warren Harding</a>, and helped the Ohio Senator win the <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a> Republican nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-JKennedy_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JKennedy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penrose's role in Harding's election helped earn Pennsylvanian <a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew W. Mellon">Andrew W. Mellon</a> the role of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ch4_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ch4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1912, Penrose was forced out of power by the progressive faction of the party led by <a href="/wiki/William_Flinn" title="William Flinn">William Flinn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RNCout_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNCout-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penrose did not stand for re-election to his national committee post. However, following Flinn's departure from the party to support <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>'s Progressive Party, Penrose was able to garner enough support to return to his post as national committeeman and would remain in the position until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-RNCbackIn_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNCbackIn-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RNCsuccession_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNCsuccession-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1914">1914</a>, Penrose faced his first direct election (following the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Seventeenth Amendment</a>). He publicly campaigned for the first time in his life and defeated Democrat <a href="/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmer" title="A. Mitchell Palmer">A. Mitchell Palmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive</a> <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Gifford Pinchot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ch4_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ch4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1915, Penrose accompanied the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a> on its nationwide tour to the <a href="/wiki/Panama-Pacific_International_Exposition_(1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915)">Panama-Pacific International Exposition</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> to raise money for World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-Liberty_Bell_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liberty_Bell-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fried_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fried-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_business">Personal life and business</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life and business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penrose was six foot four inches tall and was nicknamed "Big Grizzly". He had a huge appetite and was known to have a dozen eggs at breakfast and a full turkey at lunch.<sup id="cite_ref-HSP_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSP-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won a $1,000 bet in an eating contest of 50 oysters and a quart of bourbon that sent his opponent to the hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoelNorman200211–12_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoelNorman200211–12-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not like people watching him eat and had screens set up to provide privacy when he dined at <a href="/wiki/The_Bellevue-Stratford_Hotel" title="The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel">the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel</a> in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198048_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198048-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An avid outdoorsman, Penrose enjoyed mountain exploration and big-game hunting. He was one of the 100 original members of the <a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Crockett_Club" title="Boone and Crockett Club">Boone and Crockett Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to his hunting guide, W.G. (Bill) Manson, they had to spend a lot of time to find a horse big enough to carry Penrose and his custom saddle. The horse was called "Senator." After Penrose stopped riding, the horse was retired to pasture because no standard saddle would fit him.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He never married and was known to boast of his love of <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitutes</a>, stating that he didn't "believe in hypocrisy".<sup id="cite_ref-Fried_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fried-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903 Penrose, along with his brothers and father, invested in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Copper_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah Copper Company">Utah Copper Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hawley_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawley-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boies_Penrose_tombstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Boies_Penrose_tombstone.jpg/220px-Boies_Penrose_tombstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Boies_Penrose_tombstone.jpg/330px-Boies_Penrose_tombstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Boies_Penrose_tombstone.jpg/440px-Boies_Penrose_tombstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Boies Penrose tombstone in <a href="/wiki/Laurel_Hill_Cemetery" title="Laurel Hill Cemetery">Laurel Hill Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Penrose died on December 31, 1921,<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his <a href="/wiki/Wardman_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Wardman Park">Wardman Park</a> penthouse suite in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> in the last hour of 1921, after suffering a <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary thrombosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-death_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interred in the Penrose family grave section of <a href="/wiki/Laurel_Hill_Cemetery" title="Laurel Hill Cemetery">Laurel Hill Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PASenateBio_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PASenateBio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Penrose's death, his lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Grundy">Joseph Grundy</a> became one of the leaders of the Republican machine, but no one boss dominated the party as Penrose and his predecessors had.<sup id="cite_ref-JKennedy_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JKennedy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mount_Penrose" title="Mount Penrose">Mount Penrose</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dickson_Range" title="Dickson Range">Dickson Range</a> in southwest-central <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> is named after Penrose.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A bronze statue of Penrose by Philadelphia sculptor <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Murray_(sculptor)" title="Samuel Murray (sculptor)">Samuel Murray</a> was erected in <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg, Pennsylvania</a>'s Capitol Park in September 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Philadelphia%201681%201887/p-ISAAAAIAAJ">Philadelphia 1681-1887: A History of Municipal Development</a></i>, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1887</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The%20City%20Government%20of%20Philadelphia/T780yQ9PccIC">The City Government of Philadelphia - Volume 5</a></i>, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1887</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ground%20Rents%20in%20Philadelphia/ow%20ZAAAAMAAJ">Ground Rents in Philadelphia</a></i>, Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, 1888</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Revenue%20Bill%20of%201918/zsh3TMgiGVcC">Revenue Bill of 1918: Speech of Hon. Boies Penrose of Pennsylvania in the United States Senate</a></i>, Washington, 1918</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1900%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)">List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCox2004" class="citation web cs1">Cox, Harold (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/legis/112S.pdf">"Pennsylvania Senate - 1897-1898"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wilkes_University_Election_Statistics_Project" title="Wilkes University Election Statistics Project">Wilkes University Election Statistics Project</a></i>. Wilkes University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wilkes+University+Election+Statistics+Project&rft.atitle=Pennsylvania+Senate+-+1897-1898&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstaffweb.wilkes.edu%2Fharold.cox%2Flegis%2F112S.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Succession-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Succession_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon_Trostle2009" class="citation book cs1">Sharon Trostle, ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_8486_1294_244739_43/http%3B/pubcontent.state.pa.us/publishedcontent/publish/cop_general_government_operations/dgs/community_content/publications_and_media_services/subcommunities/publications/portlets/pa_manual___home/vol_119___entire_manual.pdf"><i>The Pennsylvania Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 119. <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg, Pennsylvania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Department_of_General_Services" title="Pennsylvania Department of General Services">Pennsylvania Department of General Services</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8182-0334-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8182-0334-3"><bdi>978-0-8182-0334-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pennsylvania+Manual&rft.place=Harrisburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+Department+of+General+Services&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8182-0334-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portal.state.pa.us%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fgateway%2FPTARGS_0_2_8486_1294_244739_43%2Fhttp%253B%2Fpubcontent.state.pa.us%2Fpublishedcontent%2Fpublish%2Fcop_general_government_operations%2Fdgs%2Fcommunity_content%2Fpublications_and_media_services%2Fsubcommunities%2Fpublications%2Fportlets%2Fpa_manual___home%2Fvol_119___entire_manual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198053-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198053_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198053_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198053_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198053_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeers1980">Beers 1980</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SGoldstein-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SGoldstein_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2005" class="citation news cs1">Goldstein, Steve (November 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218193119/http://articles.philly.com/2005-11-01/news/25430661_1_senator-in-pennsylvania-history-single-bullet-theory-abortion-rights-supporter">"Specter is Pa.'s longest-serving U.S. senator/ He breaks Boies Penrose's record"</a>. Philly.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.philly.com/2005-11-01/news/25430661_1_senator-in-pennsylvania-history-single-bullet-theory-abortion-rights-supporter">the original</a> on December 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Specter+is+Pa.%27s+longest-serving+U.S.+senator%2F+He+breaks+Boies+Penrose%27s+record.&rft.date=2005-11-01&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.philly.com%2F2005-11-01%2Fnews%2F25430661_1_senator-in-pennsylvania-history-single-bullet-theory-abortion-rights-supporter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=p000217">"Penrose, Boies (1860-1921)"</a>. <i>bioguideretro.congress.gov</i>. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bioguideretro.congress.gov&rft.atitle=Penrose%2C+Boies+%281860-1921%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbioguideretro.congress.gov%2FHome%2FMemberDetails%3FmemIndex%3Dp000217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson1909" class="citation book cs1">Hudson, Samuel (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o6cbAQAAMAAJ"><i>Pennsylvania and Its Public Men</i></a>. Philadelphia: Hudson & Joseph. pp. 32–33<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pennsylvania+and+Its+Public+Men&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=Hudson+%26+Joseph&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do6cbAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeach1903" class="citation book cs1">Leach, Josiah Granville (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mm8tAAAAYAAJ"><i>History of the Penrose Family of Philadelphia</i></a>. Philadelphia: Wm. F. Fell Company. p. 121<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Penrose+Family+of+Philadelphia&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Wm.+F.+Fell+Company&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=Josiah+Granville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMm8tAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, G. Pawley, <i>A Handbook of Cornish Surnames.</i> (Boies Penrose mentioned by name)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoelNorman20021-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoelNorman20021_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoelNorman2002">Noel & Norman 2002</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PASenateBio-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PASenateBio_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PASenateBio_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PASenateBio_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/BiosHistory/MemBio.cfm?ID=5346&body=S">"Pennsylvania State Senate - Boies Penrose Biography"</a>. <i>www.legis.state.pa.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legis.state.pa.us&rft.atitle=Pennsylvania+State+Senate+-+Boies+Penrose+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legis.state.pa.us%2Fcfdocs%2Flegis%2FBiosHistory%2FMemBio.cfm%3FID%3D5346%26body%3DS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HouseBio-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HouseBio_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HouseBio_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=6530&body=H">"Boies Penrose"</a>. <i>archives.house.state.pa.us</i>. Pennsylvania House of Representatives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.house.state.pa.us&rft.atitle=Boies+Penrose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.house.state.pa.us%2Fpeople%2Fmember-biography%3FID%3D6530%26body%3DH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HSP-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HSP_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSP_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hsp.org/blogs/question-of-the-week/boies-penrose-became-a-successful-politician-for-which-political-party">"Boies Penrose became a successful politician for which political party?"</a>. <i>hsp.org</i>. Historical Society of Pennsylvania<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hsp.org&rft.atitle=Boies+Penrose+became+a+successful+politician+for+which+political+party%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhsp.org%2Fblogs%2Fquestion-of-the-week%2Fboies-penrose-became-a-successful-politician-for-which-political-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bell-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bell_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bell_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1992" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Robert R. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l83gE118lCsC"><i>The Philadelphia Lawyer: A History 1735-1945</i></a>. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945636-26-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-945636-26-1"><bdi>0-945636-26-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philadelphia+Lawyer%3A+A+History+1735-1945&rft.place=Selinsgrove&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Susquehanna+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-945636-26-1&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Robert+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl83gE118lCsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Boies-Penrose">"Boies Penrose United States Senator"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. Encyclopaedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Boies+Penrose+United+States+Senator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FBoies-Penrose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ch4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ch4_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ch4_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ch4_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ch4_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyId=1-9-20&chapter=4">"Chapter Four: From the Progressive Era to the Great Depression"</a>. <i>Explore PA History</i>. WITF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Explore+PA+History&rft.atitle=Chapter+Four%3A+From+the+Progressive+Era+to+the+Great+Depression&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexplorepahistory.com%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D1-9-20%26chapter%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-death-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-death_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-death_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Senator Boies Penrose Dead," <i>Indianapolis Sunday Star</i>, January 1, 1922 at p. 1, retrieved 2012-10-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198042-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198042_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeers1980">Beers 1980</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChairmanIn-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChairmanIn_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3bJIAAAAIBAJ&pg=2144,1089773&dq=boies+penrose+chairman+republican+party&hl=en">"Quay's Push Cut The Ice"</a>. <i>The Youngstown Vindicator</i>. May 27, 1903<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Youngstown+Vindicator&rft.atitle=Quay%27s+Push+Cut+The+Ice&rft.date=1903-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D3bJIAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2144%2C1089773%26dq%3Dboies%2Bpenrose%2Bchairman%2Brepublican%2Bparty%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNCin-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNCin_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ekEoAAAAIBAJ&pg=1563,5413364&dq=boies+penrose+republican+national+committee&hl=en">"News Summary"</a>. <i>The Ottawa Free Trader</i>. June 10, 1904<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ottawa+Free+Trader&rft.atitle=News+Summary&rft.date=1904-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DekEoAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1563%2C5413364%26dq%3Dboies%2Bpenrose%2Brepublican%2Bnational%2Bcommittee%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198041–42-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198041–42_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeers1980">Beers 1980</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaylor1996" class="citation book cs1">Kaylor, Earl C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2W5H1Pxs0QgC"><i>Martin Grove Brumbaugh: A Pennsylvanian's Odyssey From Sainted Schoolman to Bedeviled World War I Governor, 1862-1930</i></a>. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, Inc. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8386-3689-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8386-3689-6"><bdi>0-8386-3689-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martin+Grove+Brumbaugh%3A+A+Pennsylvanian%27s+Odyssey+From+Sainted+Schoolman+to+Bedeviled+World+War+I+Governor%2C+1862-1930&rft.place=Cranbury%2C+NJ&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presses%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8386-3689-6&rft.aulast=Kaylor&rft.aufirst=Earl+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2W5H1Pxs0QgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Pringle" title="Henry F. Pringle">Henry F. Pringle</a>, <i>The Life and Times of William Howard Taft</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.185543/page/n280/mode/1up?view=theater">Vol. II, pp.829-830</a>, (New York: <a href="/wiki/Farrar_%26_Rinehart" title="Farrar & Rinehart">Farrar & Rinehart, Inc.</a>, 1939).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abernethy-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abernethy_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbernethy1962" class="citation journal cs1">Abernethy, Lloyd (April 1962). "The Progressive Campaign in Pennsylvania, 1912". <i>Pennsylvania History</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 175–195.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pennsylvania+History&rft.atitle=The+Progressive+Campaign+in+Pennsylvania%2C+1912&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=175-195&rft.date=1962-04&rft.aulast=Abernethy&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JKennedy-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JKennedy_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JKennedy_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2003" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, Joseph S. (October 26, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218193104/http://articles.philly.com/2003-10-26/news/25465532_1_political-fund-raiser-political-boss-pennsylvania-politics">"Grundy's legacy in Pa. For decades, he was a force in the GOP"</a>. Philly.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.philly.com/2003-10-26/news/25465532_1_political-fund-raiser-political-boss-pennsylvania-politics">the original</a> on December 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grundy%27s+legacy+in+Pa.+For+decades%2C+he+was+a+force+in+the+GOP.&rft.date=2003-10-26&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Joseph+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.philly.com%2F2003-10-26%2Fnews%2F25465532_1_political-fund-raiser-political-boss-pennsylvania-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNCout-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNCout_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wnJUAAAAIBAJ&pg=2492,4046389&dq=boies+penrose+republican+national+committee&hl=en">"T.R. Sweep In Pennsylvania"</a>. <i>The St. Joseph News-Press</i>. May 2, 1912<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+St.+Joseph+News-Press&rft.atitle=T.R.+Sweep+In+Pennsylvania&rft.date=1912-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DwnJUAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2492%2C4046389%26dq%3Dboies%2Bpenrose%2Brepublican%2Bnational%2Bcommittee%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNCbackIn-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNCbackIn_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131134557/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1769854272.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+18,+1916&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=FORD+AHEAD+OF+T.+R.+IN+PHILADELPHIA+VOTE&pqatl=google">"Ford Ahead Of T.R. In Philadelphia Vote"</a>. <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>. May 18, 1916. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1769854272.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+18%2C+1916&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=FORD+AHEAD+OF+T.+R.+IN+PHILADELPHIA+VOTE&pqatl=google">the original</a> on January 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Ford+Ahead+Of+T.R.+In+Philadelphia+Vote&rft.date=1916-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fbaltsun%2Faccess%2F1769854272.html%3FFMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DMay%2B18%252C%2B1916%26author%3D%26pub%3DThe%2BSun%2B%281837-1985%29%26desc%3DFORD%2BAHEAD%2BOF%2BT.%2BR.%2BIN%2BPHILADELPHIA%2BVOTE%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNCsuccession-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNCsuccession_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TxMrAAAAIBAJ&pg=2695,1778319&dq=boies+penrose+republican+national+committee&hl=en">"Pinchot Hits Assessment Of Office Holders"</a>. <i>The Reading Eagle</i>. June 11, 1922<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Reading+Eagle&rft.atitle=Pinchot+Hits+Assessment+Of+Office+Holders&rft.date=1922-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DTxMrAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2695%2C1778319%26dq%3Dboies%2Bpenrose%2Brepublican%2Bnational%2Bcommittee%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liberty_Bell-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Liberty_Bell_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Liberty Bell Attracts Crowd in Greenville During 1915 Stop". Greenville Advocate. July 3, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liberty+Bell+Attracts+Crowd+in+Greenville+During+1915+Stop&rft.date=2007-07-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fried-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fried_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fried_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFried" class="citation web cs1">Fried, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-liberty-bell-won-great-war-180962471/">"How the Liberty Bell Won the Great War"</a>. <i>www.smithsonianmag.com</i>. Smithsonian Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.smithsonianmag.com&rft.atitle=How+the+Liberty+Bell+Won+the+Great+War&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fhow-liberty-bell-won-great-war-180962471%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoelNorman200211–12-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoelNorman200211–12_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoelNorman2002">Noel & Norman 2002</a>, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeers198048-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeers198048_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeers1980">Beers 1980</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraley2021" class="citation web cs1">Fraley, John (August 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hungryhorsenews.com/news/2021/aug/25/grizzly-attack-mount-penrose/">"A grizzly attack on Mount Penrose"</a>. <i>hungryhorsenews.com</i>. Hungry Horse News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hungryhorsenews.com&rft.atitle=A+grizzly+attack+on+Mount+Penrose&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft.aulast=Fraley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhungryhorsenews.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2Faug%2F25%2Fgrizzly-attack-mount-penrose%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDapp" class="citation web cs1">Dapp, Rick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harrisburgmagazine.com/did-you-know-4/">"Did You Know?"</a>. <i>harrisburgmagazine.com</i>. MH Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=harrisburgmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Did+You+Know%3F&rft.aulast=Dapp&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharrisburgmagazine.com%2Fdid-you-know-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawley-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hawley_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Caldwell_Hawley2014" class="citation book cs1">Charles Caldwell Hawley (2014). <i>A Kennecott Story</i>. The University of Utah Press. pp. 37–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Kennecott+Story&rft.pages=37-40&rft.pub=The+University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Charles+Caldwell+Hawley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peakvisor.com/peak/mount-penrose-canada.html">"Mount Penrose"</a>. <i>peakvisor.com</i>. Peak Visor<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peakvisor.com&rft.atitle=Mount+Penrose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeakvisor.com%2Fpeak%2Fmount-penrose-canada.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720091306/http://cpc.state.pa.us/cpcweb/proj_bronze.jsp">"Bronze Maintenance"</a>. <i>cpc.state.pa.us</i>. Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cpc.state.pa.us/cpcweb/proj_bronze.jsp">the original</a> on July 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cpc.state.pa.us&rft.atitle=Bronze+Maintenance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcpc.state.pa.us%2Fcpcweb%2Fproj_bronze.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeers1980" class="citation book cs1">Beers, Paul B. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6SpJJmkNDFEC"><i>Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday: The Terrible Accommodation</i></a>. Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-271-00238-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-271-00238-7"><bdi>0-271-00238-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pennsylvania+Politics+Today+and+Yesterday%3A+The+Terrible+Accommodation&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-271-00238-7&rft.aulast=Beers&rft.aufirst=Paul+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6SpJJmkNDFEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukacs1980" class="citation book cs1">Lukacs, John (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oD4rDwAAQBAJ"><i>Philadelphia: Patricians and Philistines, 1900-1950</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-5597-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-5597-6"><bdi>978-1-4128-5597-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philadelphia%3A+Patricians+and+Philistines%2C+1900-1950&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-5597-6&rft.aulast=Lukacs&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoD4rDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoelNorman2002" class="citation book cs1">Noel, Thomas; Norman, Cathleen (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upcolorado.com/excerpts/9780870816895.pdf"><i>A Pike's Peak Partnership: The Penroses and the Tutts</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University Press of Colorado.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Pike%27s+Peak+Partnership%3A+The+Penroses+and+the+Tutts&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Colorado&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Noel&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Norman%2C+Cathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upcolorado.com%2Fexcerpts%2F9780870816895.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoies+Penrose" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boies_Penrose" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Boies Penrose">Boies Penrose</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Penrose%2C%20Boies%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Boies%20Penrose%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Penrose%2C%20Boies%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Boies%20Penrose%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Boies%20Penrose%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Penrose%2C%20Boies%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Boies%20Penrose%22%29%20OR%20%28%221860-1921%22%20AND%20Penrose%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Boies Penrose</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Donald_Cameron" class="mw-redirect" title="James Donald Cameron">J. Donald Cameron</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States senators from Pennsylvania"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from Pennsylvania</a> </b><br />1897–1921 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Matthew_S._Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew S. Quay">Matthew Quay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Philander Knox</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_T._Oliver" title="George T. Oliver">George Oliver</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_E._Crow" title="William E. Crow">William Crow</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Pepper" title="George W. Pepper">George Pepper</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Aldrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Aldrich">Nelson Aldrich</a><br />Rhode Island</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance</a> </b><br />1911–1913 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Furnifold_Simmons" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnifold Simmons">Furnifold Simmons</a><br />North Carolina</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Furnifold_Simmons" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnifold Simmons">Furnifold Simmons</a><br />North Carolina</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance</a> </b><br />1919–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Porter_McCumber" class="mw-redirect" title="Porter McCumber">Porter McCumber</a><br />North Dakota</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Grady" title="John C. Grady">John Grady</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Pennsylvania_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate">President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate</a> </b><br />1889–1891 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_P._S._Gobin" title="John P. S. Gobin">John P. S. Gobin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Senate" title="Pennsylvania State Senate">Pennsylvania State Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Adams,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Adams, Jr.">Robert Adams, Jr.</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Senate">Pennsylvania Senate</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Senate,_District_6" title="Pennsylvania Senate, District 6">6th District</a> </b><br />1887–1897 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Wilson_Durham" title="Israel Wilson Durham">Israel Wilson Durham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_S._Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew S. Quay">Matthew Quay</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a> from Pennsylvania </b><br />1904–1912 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_G._Wasson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry G. Wasson (page does not exist)">Henry Wasson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_State_Committee_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania">Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania</a> </b><br />1903–1905 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wesley_R._Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wesley R. Andrews (page does not exist)">Wesley Andrews</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_G._Wasson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry G. Wasson (page does not exist)">Henry Wasson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a> from Pennsylvania </b><br />1916–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Pepper" title="George W. Pepper">George Pepper</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">None</a><sup>1</sup></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania">U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 3</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1914_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1914 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania">1914</a>, <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1920 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania">1920</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;"><small><b>Notes and references</b></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><small>1. The 1914 election marked the first time that all seats up for election were popularly elected instead of chosen by their state legislatures.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="Template:United States senators from Pennsylvania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="Template talk:United States senators from Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States senators from Pennsylvania">United States senators from Pennsylvania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Maclay_(Pennsylvania_senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Maclay (Pennsylvania senator)">W. Maclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Maclay" title="Samuel Maclay">S. Maclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Leib" title="Michael Leib">Leib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Roberts_(politician)" title="Jonathan Roberts (politician)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Findlay_(governor)" title="William Findlay (governor)">Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_D._Barnard" title="Isaac D. Barnard">Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_McKean" title="Samuel McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sturgeon" title="Daniel Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brodhead" title="Richard Brodhead">Brodhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">S. Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilmot" title="David Wilmot">Wilmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Buckalew" title="Charles R. Buckalew">Buckalew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_(Pennsylvania_politician,_born_1824)" title="John Scott (Pennsylvania politician, born 1824)">J. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I._Mitchell" title="John I. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Quay" title="Matthew Quay">Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Oliver" title="George T. Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Crow" title="William E. Crow">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Reed" title="David A. Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Guffey" title="Joseph F. Guffey">Guffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">H. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Heinz" title="John Heinz">Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Wofford" title="Harris Wofford">Wofford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Casey_Jr." title="Bob Casey Jr.">Casey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg" title="Peter Muhlenberg">Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Logan_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Logan (Pennsylvania politician)">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Lacock" title="Abner Lacock">Lacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lowrie_(politician)" title="Walter Lowrie (politician)">Lowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Marks_(politician)" title="William Marks (politician)">Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilkins_(American_politician)" title="William Wilkins (American politician)">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">S. Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cooper_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Cooper (Pennsylvania politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bigler" title="William Bigler">Bigler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Cowan" title="Edgar Cowan">Cowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">S. Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">J. Cameron</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Pepper" title="George W. Pepper">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scott_Vare" title="William Scott Vare">Vare</a><sup><a href="#Notes">†</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Grundy" title="Joseph R. Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Davis" title="James J. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_J._Myers" title="Francis J. Myers">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Duff" title="James H. Duff">Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Clark_Jr." title="Joseph S. Clark Jr.">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Schweiker" title="Richard Schweiker">Schweiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Specter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Toomey" title="Pat Toomey">Toomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fetterman" title="John Fetterman">Fetterman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><sup>†</sup> Never officially seated</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Finance_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Finance chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Finance_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Finance chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Finance_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Finance chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">United States Senate Committee on Finance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayles_Eppes" title="John Wayles Eppes">Eppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)" title="John Holmes (Maine politician)">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lowrie_(politician)" title="Walter Lowrie (politician)">Lowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Evans_(American_politician)" title="George Evans (American politician)">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon_Hall_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixon Hall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Atherton" title="Charles G. Atherton">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pearce" title="James Pearce">Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Voorhees" title="Daniel W. Voorhees">Voorhees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_W._Aldrich" title="Nelson W. Aldrich">Aldrich</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._M._Simmons" title="F. M. Simmons">Simmons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_J._McCumber" title="Porter J. McCumber">McCumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Harrison" title="Pat Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Millikin" title="Eugene Millikin">Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Millikin" title="Eugene Millikin">Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd" title="Harry F. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roth" title="William Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_HELP_chairs" title="Template:US Senate HELP chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_HELP_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate HELP chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_HELP_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate HELP chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education/Education and Labor<br />(1869–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Drake" title="Charles D. Drake">Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Sawyer" title="Frederick A. Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Flanagan" title="J. W. Flanagan">Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orris_S._Ferry" title="Orris S. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Patterson" title="John J. Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Bailey" title="James E. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Blair" title="Henry W. Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Carey" title="Joseph M. Carey">Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Kyle" title="James H. Kyle">Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Shoup" title="George L. Shoup">Shoup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Kyle" title="James H. Kyle">Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_E._McComas" title="Louis E. McComas">McComas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_P._Dolliver" title="Jonathan P. Dolliver">Dolliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Borah" title="William Borah">Borah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Kenyon_(Iowa_politician)" title="William S. Kenyon (Iowa politician)">Kenyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Borah" title="William Borah">Borah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Phipps" title="Lawrence C. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Couzens" title="James Couzens">Couzens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_H._Metcalf" title="Jesse H. Metcalf">Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Black" title="Hugo Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_D._Thomas" title="Elbert D. Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Murray" title="James E. Murray">Murray</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labor and Public Welfare<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_D._Thomas" title="Elbert D. Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Murray" title="James E. Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Alexander_Smith" title="H. Alexander Smith">A. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lister_Hill" title="J. Lister Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Yarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_A._Williams" title="Harrison A. Williams">Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labor and Human Resources<br />(1977–1999)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_A._Williams" title="Harrison A. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kassebaum" title="Nancy Kassebaum">Kassebaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions<br />(1999–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_Gregg" title="Judd Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enzi" title="Mike Enzi">Enzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Harkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Civil_Service" title="United States Senate Committee on Civil Service">United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Civil Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Post Roads<br />(1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Wilson" title="James J. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Stokes" title="Montfort Stokes">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lanman" title="James Lanman">Lanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Robinson_(Illinois_politician)" title="John M. Robinson (Illinois politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henderson_(Mississippi_politician)" title="John Henderson (Mississippi politician)">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duhurst_Merrick" title="William Duhurst Merrick">Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Niles" title="John Milton Niles">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_Yulee" title="David Levy Yulee">Yulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Gwin" title="William M. Gwin">Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dixon" title="James Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ramsey" title="Alexander Ramsey">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Hill" title="Nathaniel P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_D._Conger" title="Omar D. Conger">Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Mason_(American_politician)" title="William E. Mason (American politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bourne_Jr._(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Bankhead" title="John H. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Townsend" title="Charles E. Townsend">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Phipps" title="Lawrence C. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasker_Oddie" title="Tasker Oddie">Oddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Dennis Chávez">Chávez</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service and Retrenchment<br />(1873–1921)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Wright" title="George G. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Clayton" title="Powell Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Teller" title="Henry M. Teller">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Butler" title="Matthew Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Chace" title="Jonathan Chace">Chace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Call" title="Wilkinson Call">Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Jarvis" title="Thomas J. Jarvis">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeter_C._Pritchard" title="Jeter C. Pritchard">Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Baker" title="Lucien Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Perkins" title="George C. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Pomerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service<br />(1921–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Stanfield" title="Robert N. Stanfield">Stanfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Couzens" title="James Couzens">Couzens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_H._Dale" title="Porter H. Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bulow" title="William J. Bulow">Bulow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Downey" title="Sheridan Downey">Downey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Civil Service<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Langer" title="William Langer">Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Monroney" title="Mike Monroney">Monroney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_W._McGee" title="Gale W. McGee">McGee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891015#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000021917046">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/75092475">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/2709/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp66qXDPhgBwgbh8XdxXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50009504">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007463461905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000217">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/168650096">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/16614788">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6m32wcw">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&oldid=1254585788">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&oldid=1254585788</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1860_births" title="Category:1860 births">1860 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1921_deaths" title="Category:1921 deaths">1921 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_politicians" title="Category:19th-century American politicians">19th-century American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_politicians" title="Category:20th-century American politicians">20th-century American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_lawyers_admitted_to_the_practice_of_law_by_reading_law" title="Category:American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law">American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Cornish_descent" title="Category:American people of Cornish descent">American people of Cornish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_political_bosses_from_Pennsylvania" title="Category:American political bosses from Pennsylvania">American political bosses from Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Laurel_Hill_Cemetery_(Philadelphia)" title="Category:Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)">Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chairs_of_the_Republican_State_Committee_of_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Chairs of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania">Chairs of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_pulmonary_embolism" title="Category:Deaths from pulmonary embolism">Deaths from pulmonary embolism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Episcopal_Academy_alumni" title="Category:Episcopal Academy alumni">Episcopal Academy alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_University_alumni" title="Category:Harvard University alumni">Harvard University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Penrose_family" title="Category:Penrose family">Penrose family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Philadelphia" title="Category:Politicians from Philadelphia">Politicians from Philadelphia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_Pennsylvania_Senate" title="Category:Presidents pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate">Presidents pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_members_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Category:Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_Pennsylvania_state_senators" title="Category:Republican Party Pennsylvania state senators">Republican Party Pennsylvania state senators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Republican Party United States senators from Pennsylvania">Republican Party United States senators from Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_September_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from September 2023">Use mdy dates from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Internet_Archive_links" title="Category:Articles with Internet Archive links">Articles with Internet Archive links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 18:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boies_Penrose&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ktjkx","wgBackendResponseTime":1517,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.046","walltime":"1.329","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19118,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":165297,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":22449,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":165005,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1178.606 1 -total"," 31.63% 372.792 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 18.54% 218.550 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.89% 151.887 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 10.53% 124.151 12 Template:Cite_web"," 9.56% 112.622 43 Template:Main_other"," 8.38% 98.792 1 Template:Birth_date"," 7.60% 89.587 4 Template:Navbox"," 7.45% 87.791 1 Template:USSenPA"," 7.29% 85.906 4 Template:Succession_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.559","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12056556,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbernethy1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeers1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBell1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharles_Caldwell_Hawley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCox2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDapp\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraley2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFried\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstein2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudson1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaylor1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeach1903\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLukacs1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoelNorman2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharon_Trostle2009\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 12,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Penrose, Boies\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Internet Archive author\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 3,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 3,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-par\"] = 2,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ref\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 4,\n [\"SenFinanceCommitteeChairs\"] = 1,\n [\"SenHELPCommitteeChairmen\"] = 1,\n [\"SenPOCSCommitteeChairmen\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 9,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Succession box\"] = 4,\n [\"U.S. Senator box\"] = 1,\n [\"USSenPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ktjkx","timestamp":"20241124164329","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Boies Penrose","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boies_Penrose","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q891015","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q891015","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-02T16:25:46Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T18:43:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/67\/PENROSE%2C_BOISE._SENATOR_LCCN2016857656_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"United States Senator from Pennsylvania"}</script> </body> </html>