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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ليفي وودبري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليفي وودبري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="لوی وودبری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوی وودبری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Леві Вудберы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Леві Вудберы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="لوی وودبری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوی وودبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99" title="לוי וודברי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוי וודברי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ليفى وودبرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليفى وودبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="リーヴァイ・ウッドベリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リーヴァイ・ウッドベリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Вудбери, Леви – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вудбери, Леви" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Levi Woodbury" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C" title="利瓦伊·伍德伯里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利瓦伊·伍德伯里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q579228#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">US Supreme Court justice from 1845 to 1851</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Justice Woodbury" redirects here. For the New Hampshire Supreme Court Justice, see <a href="/wiki/Peter_Woodbury" title="Peter Woodbury">Peter Woodbury</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Senator Woodbury" redirects here. For the Maine State Senate member, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Woodbury" title="Richard Woodbury">Richard Woodbury</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Levi Woodbury</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Levi_Woodbury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Levi_Woodbury.jpg/220px-Levi_Woodbury.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Levi_Woodbury.jpg/330px-Levi_Woodbury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Levi_Woodbury.jpg/440px-Levi_Woodbury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="765" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Woodbury <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1847</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 23, 1845 – September 4, 1851<sup id="cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCOTUSjustices-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nominated by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Joseph Story</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Benjamin Robbins Curtis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">13th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 1, 1834 – March 4, 1841</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger Taney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">9th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 23, 1831 – June 30, 1834</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Branch" title="John Branch">John Branch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson" title="Mahlon Dickerson">Mahlon Dickerson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">9th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Hampshire" title="Governor of New Hampshire">Governor of New Hampshire</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 5, 1823 – June 3, 1824</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bell_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Samuel Bell (New Hampshire politician)">Samuel Bell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_L._Morril" title="David L. Morril">David Morril</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1841 – November 20, 1845</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hubbard" title="Henry Hubbard">Henry Hubbard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benning_W._Jenness" title="Benning W. Jenness">Benning Jenness</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 16, 1825 – March 3, 1831</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Fabyan_Parrott" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fabyan Parrott">John Parrott</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hill" title="Isaac Hill">Isaac Hill</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1789-12-22</span>)</span>December 22, 1789<br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francestown,_New_Hampshire" title="Francestown, New Hampshire">Francestown, New Hampshire</a>,</span> U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 4, 1851<span style="display:none">(1851-09-04)</span> (aged 61)<br /><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Portsmouth, New Hampshire">Portsmouth, New Hampshire</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> (Before 1825)<br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (1828–1851)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Elizabeth Woodbury</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Litchfield_Law_School" title="Litchfield Law School">Litchfield Law School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Levi_Woodbury_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Levi Woodbury's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Levi_Woodbury_Signature.svg/128px-Levi_Woodbury_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Levi_Woodbury_Signature.svg/192px-Levi_Woodbury_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Levi_Woodbury_Signature.svg/256px-Levi_Woodbury_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="71" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Levi Woodbury</b> (December 22, 1789 – September 4, 1851) was an American attorney, jurist, and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> politician from <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>. During a four-decade career in public office, Woodbury served as Associate Justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a>, the ninth <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Hampshire" title="Governor of New Hampshire">governor of New Hampshire</a>, and cabinet member in the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> administrations. He was promoted as a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 1848. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Francestown,_New_Hampshire" title="Francestown, New Hampshire">Francestown, New Hampshire</a>, he established a legal practice in Francestown in 1812. After serving in the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Senate" title="New Hampshire Senate">New Hampshire Senate</a>, he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Supreme_Court" title="New Hampshire Supreme Court">New Hampshire Supreme Court</a> in 1817. He served as Governor of New Hampshire from 1823 to 1824 and represented New Hampshire in the Senate from 1825 to 1831, becoming affiliated with the Democratic Party of Andrew Jackson. He served as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a> under President Jackson and as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> under Jackson and President Martin Van Buren. </p><p>He served another term representing New Hampshire in the Senate from 1841 to 1845, when he accepted President <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a>'s appointment to the Supreme Court. Woodbury was the first Justice to have attended <a href="/wiki/Law_school" title="Law school">law school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received significant support for the presidential nomination at the <a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 Democratic National Convention</a>, particularly among New England delegates, but the nomination went to <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>. Woodbury served on the court until his death in 1851. Woodbury died of an inflammatory tumor in the stomach.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_early_career">Life and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woodbury was born in Francestown, New Hampshire, the son of Mary and Peter Woodbury.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began his education at Atkinson Academy. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1809, briefly attended <a href="/wiki/Litchfield_Law_School" title="Litchfield Law School">Tapping Reeve Law School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Litchfield,_Connecticut" title="Litchfield, Connecticut">Litchfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Read_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Read law">read law</a> to be admitted to the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire Bar">New Hampshire Bar</a> in 1812. He became the first Supreme Court justice to attend law school. He was in private practice in <a href="/wiki/Francestown,_New_Hampshire" title="Francestown, New Hampshire">Francestown</a> from 1812 to 1816. He also joined the Freemasons. </p><p>His education contributed to his early start in law, which led to his later political positions. During his time in Francestown, he wrote the <i>Hillsborough Resolves</i> to defend the Madison administration for their decisions in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, which marked the beginning of his political involvement. Following the publication of his defense, he gained the recognition he needed to receive an appointment as clerk of the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire State Senate">New Hampshire State Senate</a> from 1816 to 1817. In quick succession, he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Supreme_Court" title="New Hampshire Supreme Court">Superior Court of Judicature</a> from 1817 to 1823, and in 1823, he was elected as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of New Hampshire">Governor of New Hampshire</a>. During the time of his gubernatorial election, there was factionalism within the party. The caucus chose Samuel Dinsmoor as the candidate for governor, but an "irregular" public convention elected Woodbury as the other candidate. Woodbury defeated Dinsmoor by a wide margin, but his one year as governor was a failure. He tried to reconcile the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans but did not make a lot of progress. Throughout Woodbury's political career, he was characterized as being independent and moderate, which some scholars interpret as indecisiveness and hesitancy. </p><p>After his term as governor, he served as Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">New Hampshire House of Representatives</a> in 1825. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_government_service">Federal government service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Federal government service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_and_Cabinet_service">Senate and Cabinet service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Senate and Cabinet service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WOODBURY,_Levi-Treasury_(BEP_engraved_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/WOODBURY%2C_Levi-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/175px-WOODBURY%2C_Levi-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/WOODBURY%2C_Levi-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/263px-WOODBURY%2C_Levi-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/WOODBURY%2C_Levi-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/350px-WOODBURY%2C_Levi-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="9192" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">BEP</a> portrait of Woodbury as Secretary of the Treasury</figcaption></figure> <p>Woodbury served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from New Hampshire from 1825 until 1831, during which time he served as the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Commerce_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Commerce Committee">Senate Commerce Committee</a> (1827–31). Elected to serve in the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire State Senate">New Hampshire State Senate</a> in 1831, Woodbury did not take office due to his appointment as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a> under President Andrew Jackson, from 1831 to 1834. At the beginning of this term, he was instrumental in the appointment of fellow New Hampshireman <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Roberts_(diplomat)" title="Edmund Roberts (diplomat)">Edmund Roberts</a> as special agent and <a href="/wiki/Envoy_(title)" title="Envoy (title)">envoy</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woodbury served as Secretary of the Treasury under Jackson and Martin Van Buren from 1834 to 1841, and served again as Senator from New Hampshire from 1841 to 1845. He was a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1845 to 1851. </p><p>As a U.S. Senator, Woodbury was a dependable <a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jackson Democrat</a>, successfully working to end the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Second Bank of the United States</a>; like Jackson he favored an "independent" treasury system and "hard money" over paper money. In retrospect, the financial <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1837" title="Panic of 1837">Panic of 1837</a> and the collapse of speculative land prices were legacies of Woodbury's tenure. After the Panic, Woodbury realised that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury</a> needed a more secure administration of its own funds than commercial banks supplied, and he backed the act for an "Independent Treasury System" passed by Congress in 1840. It was largely repealed under the new administration the following year, but the foundation was laid for an independent U.S. Treasury, finally established in 1846, under President James K. Polk. Woodbury also served as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_Committee_on_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate Committee on Finance">U.S. Senate Committee on Finance</a> during a Special Session of the <a href="/wiki/29th_United_States_Congress" title="29th United States Congress">29th Congress</a>. His ten-day chairmanship is the shortest on record. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Court_tenure">Supreme Court tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Supreme Court tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JdgLWoodbury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/JdgLWoodbury.jpg/175px-JdgLWoodbury.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/JdgLWoodbury.jpg/263px-JdgLWoodbury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/JdgLWoodbury.jpg/350px-JdgLWoodbury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption>Associate Justice Levi Woodbury (c. 1850)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1844 presidential election, Woodbury and the <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Democrats">Jackson Democrats</a> supported the Democrats' nomination of Polk. In that year, Woodbury also delivered a Phi Beta Kappa Address at his alma mater, Dartmouth College, titled "Progress."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The address discussed <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole" title="Thomas Cole">Thomas Cole</a>'s series of five landscape paintings, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Course_of_Empire_(paintings)" title="The Course of Empire (paintings)">The Course of Empire</a></i>. Woodbury believed that unlike Cole's depiction of a cycle of rise and decline, there would be only a rise in the United States. </p><p>On September 20, 1845, Polk gave Woodbury a <a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">recess appointment</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Associate_justice_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate justice of the United States Supreme Court">associate justice of the United States Supreme Court</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ActionsJC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ActionsJC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to a seat vacated by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Joseph Story</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office#Federal_judiciary_oaths" title="Oath of office">sworn into office</a> three days later.<sup id="cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCOTUSjustices-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formally <a href="/wiki/Nomination_and_confirmation_to_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Nomination and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States">nominated</a> to the seat on December 23, 1845, Woodbury was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 3, 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-ActionsJC_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ActionsJC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>News of Woodbury's appointment was well received by the public and he was praised as a protector of constitutional rights. During his tenure, he wrote major opinions for the Court regarding the <a href="/wiki/Contract_Clause" title="Contract Clause">Contract Clause</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Political_question_doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Political question doctrine">political question doctrine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce Clause</a>. </p><p>He was promoted as a candidate for president at the <a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 Democratic National Convention</a>, his support was largely centered in New England. He remained on the Court until his death at age 61 in 1851, in <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Portsmouth, New Hampshire">Portsmouth, New Hampshire</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_writings">Personal writings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woodbury's writings shed light on his rulings as a justice, which reflect his strict constructionist views. He was one of the few justices on the court at the time to write outside of his rulings, along with McLean and Taney. Woodbury was concerned with individual rights before those rights were the focus of the court, and also thought slavery was wrong. He wrote of the judicial powers: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In due time, by stopping the fountain-head of slavery, through the power expressly granted to Congress to prohibit further additions to it from abroad ... the country will be enabled gradually to purify the corrupt waters that have flowed from this fountain ... if all this should be accomplished without violating the sacred compromises of the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Woodbury ruled based on the powers that exist in the US Constitution. He believed that slavery had been written into the Constitution but could be scaled down by Congress. In his rulings as a justice, he abided by the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Clause" title="Fugitive Slave Clause">Fugitive Slave Clause</a> in Article IV, Section 2. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jones_v._Van_Zandt"><i>Jones v. Van Zandt</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jones v. Van Zandt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Woodbury had already died when the Court decided <i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> (1857), he set a precedent when he wrote for the majority in <i><a href="/wiki/Jones_v._Van_Zandt" title="Jones v. Van Zandt">Jones v. Van Zandt</a></i> (1847). </p><p>Van Zandt was an abolitionist in Ohio who harbored fugitive slaves and was sued for $500 (~$11,390 in 2023) for violating the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793. The primary issue was whether the Fugitive Slave Act was constitutional. Woodbury ruled in favor of the rights of slaveholders by arguing that the compromises in the US Constitution, such as the Fugitive Slave Clause, bound the states to enforce the act. As a strict constructionist, he defended the rights of slaveholders as protected in the Constitution regardless of his personal stance on slavery. Woodbury viewed slavery as a political question that should be settled by each state: "this Court has no alternative, while they exist, but to stand by the Constitution and laws with fidelity to their duties and their oaths... to go where that Constitution and the laws lead, and not to break both."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decision helped reinforce the ideas that slavery was written into the Constitution and that slaveholders' rights were protected. It also furthered the precedent established in <i><a href="/wiki/Prigg_v._Pennsylvania" title="Prigg v. Pennsylvania">Prigg v. Pennsylvania</a></i> that the Fugitive Slave Act was constitutional and paved the way for the <i>Dred Scott</i> decision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Contract_Clause_cases">Contract Clause cases</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Contract Clause cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from his contribution to the precedent for slavery cases, Woodbury shaped the Court's interpretation of the Contract Clause by reinforcing the obligation of contracts. His tenure on the Court came during a confused and sectionally-divided era in Supreme Court history. </p><p>In <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planters%27_Bank_v._Sharp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planters' Bank v. Sharp (page does not exist)">Planters' Bank v. Sharp</a></i> (1848), Mississippi passed a statute forbidding a state bank from transferring notes to other banks because of the instability of the banking system after the <a href="/wiki/Bank_War" title="Bank War">Bank War</a>. The issue the Court had to decide was "whether an act of the legislature of Mississippi... impaired the obligation of any contract which the state or others had previously entered into with Planters' Bank."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woodbury ruled in favor of the bank and found that the Mississippi statute violated the <a href="/wiki/Contract_Clause" title="Contract Clause">Contract Clause</a> in Article 1, Section 10, of the US Constitution. He explained the contracts that were violated under the statute: "First, in the obligation of the contract in the charter with the state; and secondly, in the obligation of the contract made by the signers of the note declared on with the bank."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contracts were valid because a bank had the power to make them when they related to the bank's business purposes and monetary dealings and a right to sell anything that it owned. Justices Taney and Peter V. Daniel dissented and favored more state control. Woodbury's leadership in dealing with the <a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce Clause</a> helped reinforce the Contract Clause, but Taney would have taken the court in a direction to place state power over contracts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commerce_Clause_cases">Commerce Clause cases</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Commerce Clause cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woodbury also formed the basis for the interpretation of the Commerce Clause in the <i>License Cases</i> in which he developed a case-by-case method for determining the extent of state regulatory power. His reasoning was the basis for the Cooley Doctrine, a later development by his successor, Justice Benjamin R. Curtis. </p><p>In the <i>License Cases</i>, the Court dealt with state liquor-censoring statutes. Lacking a clear precedent for how much power the states had under the Constitution to regulate commerce, the justices were not unified enough to write a majority opinion. Woodbury's opinion focused on the context on a case-by-case basis instead of deciding based on an abstract principle of commerce power. He stated that the "subject of buying and selling within a state is one as exclusively belonging to the power of the state over its internal trade as that to regulate foreign commerce is with the general government under the broadest construction of that power."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He distinguished between a prohibition on selling liquor on a certain day and a prohibition on imports, which would reach into the federal government's jurisdiction of commerce. Woodbury studied the particulars of the case instead of examining only the source of power in the Commerce Clause. The Court later followed Woodbury's reasoning in <i><a href="/wiki/Cooley_v._Board_of_Wardens" title="Cooley v. Board of Wardens">Cooley v. Board of Wardens</a></i> that it would decide on a case-by-case basis depending on whether the subject of regulation was local in nature or required national legislation. Woodbury's opinion had helped bring about that shift. </p><p>Woodbury's contributions to the interpretation of the Commerce Clause extended to a defense of states' rights in <i>Waring v. Clarke</i>. He dissented from the majority's attempts to expand federal admiralty jurisdiction. A ship accident had occurred near <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, and the Court was to decide whether the federal government or the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> government had jurisdiction over it. Woodbury disagreed with the assertion that the federal government had jurisdiction over every river that was controlled by the ocean's tide because citizens who had gotten into accidents on the water would have to travel greater distances if the federal government was involved than if they settled the dispute near where it had happened. </p><p>He urged the federal government to resist interfering with state power that is written into the Constitution and went so far as to say that the extension of federal power could be troublesome when it was applied to issues such as slavery. Woodbury warned that overextending federal powers would lead to "a struggle for jurisdiction between courts of the states and courts of the United States, always delicate, and frequently endangering the harmony of our political system."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He advocated states' rights and indicated how he would rule in future slavery cases in what is now called a <a href="/wiki/Strict_constructionism" title="Strict constructionism">strict constructionist</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_Woodbury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Justice_Woodbury.jpg/150px-Justice_Woodbury.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Justice_Woodbury.jpg/225px-Justice_Woodbury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Justice_Woodbury.jpg/300px-Justice_Woodbury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Woodbury's gravesite</figcaption></figure> <p>Woodbury is one of the few individuals to have held a constitutional office in all three branches of the U.S. government and one of three people to have held a constitutional office in all three branches and also having served as a U.S. governor (the others being <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a>). Named in his honor are <a href="/wiki/Woodbury_County,_Iowa" title="Woodbury County, Iowa">Woodbury County, Iowa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Woodbury,_Minnesota" title="Woodbury, Minnesota">Woodbury, Minnesota</a>; <a href="/wiki/Woodbury,_Tennessee" title="Woodbury, Tennessee">Woodbury, Tennessee</a>; Woodbury Avenue in Portsmouth, New Hampshire; Woodbury School in <a href="/wiki/Salem,_New_Hampshire" title="Salem, New Hampshire">Salem, New Hampshire</a>; and several ships called the <a href="/wiki/USS_Woodbury" title="USS Woodbury">USS <i>Woodbury</i></a>. He is featured on a <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_historical_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire historical marker">New Hampshire historical marker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Hampshire_historical_markers_(26%E2%80%9350)#43" title="List of New Hampshire historical markers (26–50)">number 43</a>) along <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Route_136" title="New Hampshire Route 136">New Hampshire Route 136</a> in Francestown.<sup id="cite_ref-ByNumber_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ByNumber-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daughter Mary married <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Blair" title="Montgomery Blair">Montgomery Blair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Postmaster_General" title="Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a>. His son <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Woodbury" title="Charles L. Woodbury">Charles L. Woodbury</a> was a lawyer who served as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_for_the_District_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts">United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts</a> and served on the New Hampshire House of Representatives and the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Political, Judicial, and Literary Writings</i> (edited by N. Capen, Boston, 1852)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Harrison Gray Dyar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury_Homestead" title="Levi Woodbury Homestead">Levi Woodbury Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodbury was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States#List_of_justices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">30th</a> person appointed to the Supreme Court, with 29 preceding him.<br />And he himself did not leave school having earned a law degree. The first person on the Supreme Court to hold that distinction was <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Benjamin Robbins Curtis</a>, the 32nd person appointed to the Court.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SCOTUSjustices-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/members_text.aspx">"Justices 1789 to Present"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justices+1789+to+Present&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+of+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2Fabout%2Fmembers_text.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevi+Woodbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1851" class="citation news cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (September 6, 1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030313/1851-09-06/ed-1/seq-2/">"The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, September 06, 1851, Image 2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2474-3224">2474-3224</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+New+York+herald.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28New+York+%5BN.Y.%5D%29+1840-1920%2C+September+06%2C+1851%2C+Image+2&rft.date=1851-09-06&rft.issn=2474-3224&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn83030313%2F1851-09-06%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevi+Woodbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150708194316/http://www.portsmouthathenaeum.org/findingaids/ms014.htm">"Portsmouth Athenaeum Finding Aids"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portsmouthathenaeum.org/findingaids/ms014.htm">the original</a> on July 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portsmouth+Athenaeum+Finding+Aids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portsmouthathenaeum.org%2Ffindingaids%2Fms014.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevi+Woodbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbk.org/userfiles/file/Famous%20Members/PBKSupremeCourtJustices.pdf">Supreme Court Justices Who Are Phi Beta Kappa Members</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928082723/http://www.pbk.org/userfiles/file/Famous%20Members/PBKSupremeCourtJustices.pdf">Archived</a> September 28, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Phi Beta Kappa website</i>, accessed October 4, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Roberts_(diplomat)" title="Edmund Roberts (diplomat)">Roberts, Edmund</a> (October 12, 2007) [First published in 1837]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/embassytoeaster00unkngoog/embassytoeaster00unkngoog_djvu.txt"><i>Embassy to the Eastern courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat in the U. S. sloop-of-war Peacock during the years 1832-3-4</i></a>. Harper & brothers. 432 pages. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12212199">12212199</a>. embassytoeaster00unkngoog<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Embassy+to+the+Eastern+courts+of+Cochin-China%2C+Siam%2C+and+Muscat+in+the+U.+S.+sloop-of-war+Peacock+during+the+years+1832-3-4&rft.pages=432+pages&rft.pub=Harper+%26+brothers&rft.date=2007-10-12&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12212199&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fembassytoeaster00unkngoog%2Fembassytoeaster00unkngoog_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevi+Woodbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/writingsleviwoo00capegoog/page/n76">Levi Woodbury, Progress, in 3 Writings of Levi Woodbury 75 (Boston, Little, Brown & Co. 1852)</a>. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blurblawg.typepad.com/files/property_progress_antebellum_landscape_art.pdf">Alfred L. Brophy, Property and Progress: Antebellum Landscape Art and Property Law, McGeorge Law Review 40 (2009): 603, 648-49</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121428/http://blurblawg.typepad.com/files/property_progress_antebellum_landscape_art.pdf">Archived</a> July 17, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (discussing Woodbury's oration and noting that it reflects Woodbury's Democrat values, such as interest in universal education).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ActionsJC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ActionsJC_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ActionsJC_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillion2022" class="citation report cs1">McMillion, Barry J. (January 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RL33225.pdf">Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Supreme+Court+Nominations%2C+1789+to+2020%3A+Actions+by+the+Senate%2C+the+Judiciary+Committee%2C+and+the+President&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2022-01-28&rft.aulast=McMillion&rft.aufirst=Barry+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsgp.fas.org%2Fcrs%2Fmisc%2FRL33225.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevi+Woodbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Capen, <i>Writings of Levi Woodbury, LL.: D. Political, Judicial, and Literary</i>, 14-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jones v. Van</i> Zandt, 46 U.S. 215, 231 (1847).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Planters' Bank v. Sharp</i>, 47 U.S. 301, 318 (1848).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Planters' Bank v. Sharp</i>, 47 U.S. 301, 320 (1848).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>License Cases</i>, 46 U.S. 504, 620 (1847).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Waring v.</i> Clarke, 46 U.S. 441, 473 (1847).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ByNumber-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ByNumber_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/markers/documents/markers_bynumber.pdf">"List of Markers by Marker Number"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>nh.gov</i>. New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources. November 2, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127063523/https://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/markers/documents/markers_bynumber.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nh.gov&rft.atitle=List+of+Markers+by+Marker+Number&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nh.gov%2Fnhdhr%2Fmarkers%2Fdocuments%2Fmarkers_bynumber.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevi+Woodbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000711">"Levi Woodbury"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Levi+Woodbury&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DW000711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevi+Woodbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1390061">Levi Woodbury</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</li> <li>Dictionary of American Biography.</li> <li>Capowski, Vincent. <i>The Making of a Jacksonian Democrat: Levi Woodbury, 1789-1851</i> Ph.D. dissertation, Fordham University, 1966</li> <li>Woodbury, Levi. <i>Writings of Levi Woodbury.</i> 3 vols. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1852.</li> <li>Bader, M.D., and Roy M. Mersky. "Justice Levi Woodbury: A Representational Study." Journal of Supreme Court History 23 (1998): 129–142. Accessed November 9, 2015. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5818.1998.tb00140.x</li> <li>Friedman, Leon, Ed. The Justices of the United States Supreme Court 1789-1969: Their Lives and Major Opinions. Vol. 2, 843–854. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1969. Print.</li> <li>Woodbury, Levi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ciwEAAAAYAAJ&dq=levi+woodbury&pg=PA6"><i>Writings of Levi Woodbury, LL.: D. Political, Judicial, and Literary</i></a>. Vol. 2. Edited by Nahum Capen. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1852. Accessed November 9, 2015.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahan2016" class="citation book cs1">Kahan, Paul (2016). <i>The Bank War: Andrew Jackson, Nicholas Biddle, and the Fight for American Finance</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yardley,_Pennsylvania" title="Yardley, Pennsylvania">Yardley, PA</a>: Westholme Publishing. pp. 64–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1594162343" title="Special:BookSources/978-1594162343"><bdi>978-1594162343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bank+War%3A+Andrew+Jackson%2C+Nicholas+Biddle%2C+and+the+Fight+for+American+Finance&rft.place=Yardley%2C+PA&rft.pages=64-147&rft.pub=Westholme+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1594162343&rft.aulast=Kahan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevi+Woodbury" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_Woodbury&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of an <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (9th ed.) article about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/United_States/Woodbury,_Levi" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/United States/Woodbury, Levi">Levi Woodbury</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Levi_Woodbury" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Levi Woodbury">Levi Woodbury</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dinsmoor" title="Samuel Dinsmoor">Samuel Dinsmoor</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> nominee for Governor of New Hampshire </b><br />1824 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bell_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Samuel Bell (New Hampshire politician)">Samuel Bell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Hampshire" title="Governor of New Hampshire">Governor of New Hampshire</a> </b><br />1823–1824 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_L._Morril" title="David L. Morril">David Morril</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Parker_(New_Hampshire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Parker (New Hampshire) (page does not exist)">Edmund Parker</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">New Hampshire House of Representatives</a> </b><br />1825 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hubbard" title="Henry Hubbard">Henry Hubbard</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Branch" title="John Branch">John Branch</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a> </b><br />1831–1834 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson" title="Mahlon Dickerson">Mahlon Dickerson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger Taney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> </b><br />1834–1841 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Fabyan_Parrott" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fabyan Parrott">John Parrott</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from New Hampshire</a> </b><br />1825–1831 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bell_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Samuel Bell (New Hampshire politician)">Samuel Bell</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hill" title="Isaac Hill">Isaac Hill</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Josiah_S._Johnston" title="Josiah S. Johnston">Josiah S. Johnston</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Senate Commerce Committee</a> </b><br />1827–1831 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Forsyth (Georgia)">John Forsyth</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hubbard" title="Henry Hubbard">Henry Hubbard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire"> U.S. senator (Class 2) from New Hampshire</a> </b><br />1841–1845 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wilcox" title="Leonard Wilcox">Leonard Wilcox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Atherton" title="Charles G. Atherton">Charles Atherton</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Benning_W._Jenness" title="Benning W. Jenness">Benning Jenness</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Evans_(American_politician)" title="George Evans (American politician)">George Evans</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Senate Finance Committee</a> </b><br />1845 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John Calhoun</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Joseph Story</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a> </b><br />1845–1851 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Benjamin Curtis</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_New_Hampshire" title="Template:Governors of New Hampshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_New_Hampshire" title="Template talk:Governors of New Hampshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_New_Hampshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of New Hampshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_New_Hampshire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_Hampshire" title="List of governors of New Hampshire">Governors of New Hampshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meshech_Weare" title="Meshech Weare">Weare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bartlett" title="Josiah Bartlett">J. Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_Gilman" title="John Taylor Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Smith_(lawyer)" title="Jeremiah Smith (lawyer)">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Plumer" title="William Plumer">Plumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_Gilman" title="John Taylor Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Plumer" title="William Plumer">Plumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bell_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Samuel Bell (New Hampshire politician)">S. Bell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Morril" title="David L. Morril">Morril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pierce_(governor)" title="Benjamin Pierce (governor)">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="John Bell (New Hampshire politician)">J. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pierce_(governor)" title="Benjamin Pierce (governor)">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Harvey" title="Matthew Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Harper" title="Joseph M. Harper">Harper</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dinsmoor" title="Samuel Dinsmoor">Dinsmoor Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Badger" title="William Badger">Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hill" title="Isaac Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Page_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="John Page (New Hampshire politician)">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hubbard" title="Henry Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hardy_Steele" title="John Hardy Steele">Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Colby" title="Anthony Colby">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_W._Williams" title="Jared W. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dinsmoor_Jr." title="Samuel Dinsmoor Jr.">Dinsmoor Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Martin" title="Noah Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Baker" title="Nathaniel B. Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Metcalf_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Ralph Metcalf (New Hampshire politician)">Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Haile_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="William Haile (New Hampshire politician)">Haile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichabod_Goodwin" title="Ichabod Goodwin">Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_S._Berry" title="Nathaniel S. Berry">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Gilmore" title="Joseph A. Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Smyth_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Frederick Smyth (New Hampshire politician)">Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Harriman_(politician)" title="Walter Harriman (politician)">Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onslow_Stearns" title="Onslow Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Weston" title="James A. Weston">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_A._Straw" title="Ezekiel A. Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Weston" title="James A. Weston">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_Colby_Cheney" title="Person Colby Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Prescott" title="Benjamin F. Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Head" title="Nathaniel Head">Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Bell_(politician)" title="Charles H. Bell (politician)">C. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Hale" title="Samuel W. Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody_Currier" title="Moody Currier">Currier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Sawyer_(politician)" title="Charles H. Sawyer (politician)">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Goodell" title="David H. Goodell">Goodell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_A._Tuttle" title="Hiram A. Tuttle">Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Butler_Smith" title="John Butler Smith">J. B. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Busiel" title="Charles A. Busiel">Busiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Ramsdell" title="George A. Ramsdell">Ramsdell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Rollins" title="Frank W. Rollins">Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_B._Jordan" title="Chester B. Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_J._Bachelder" title="Nahum J. Bachelder">Bachelder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLane" title="John McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Floyd" title="Charles M. Floyd">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Quinby" title="Henry B. Quinby">Quinby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Bass" title="Robert P. Bass">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Felker" title="Samuel D. Felker">Felker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolland_H._Spaulding" title="Rolland H. Spaulding">R. Spaulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Keyes" title="Henry W. Keyes">Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Bartlett" title="John H. Bartlett">J. H. Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_O._Brown" title="Albert O. Brown">A. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_H._Brown" title="Fred H. Brown">F. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_Winant" title="John Gilbert Winant">Winant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntley_N._Spaulding" title="Huntley N. Spaulding">H. Spaulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Tobey" title="Charles W. Tobey">Tobey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_Winant" title="John Gilbert Winant">Winant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Murphy" title="Francis P. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Blood" title="Robert O. Blood">Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Dale" title="Charles M. Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Adams" title="Sherman Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gregg" title="Hugh Gregg">H. Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Dwinell" title="Lane Dwinell">Dwinell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Powell" title="Wesley Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._King" title="John W. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_R._Peterson_Jr." title="Walter R. Peterson Jr.">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meldrim_Thomson_Jr." title="Meldrim Thomson Jr.">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gallen" title="Hugh Gallen">Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesta_M._Roy" title="Vesta M. Roy">Roy</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Sununu" title="John H. Sununu">J. Sununu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_Gregg" title="Judd Gregg">J. Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_D._Hough" title="Ralph D. Hough">Hough</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Merrill" title="Steve Merrill">Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Shaheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Benson" title="Craig Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lynch_(New_Hampshire_governor)" title="John Lynch (New Hampshire governor)">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Hassan" title="Maggie Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Morse" title="Chuck Morse">Morse</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Sununu" title="Chris Sununu">C. Sununu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ayotte" title="Kelly Ayotte">Ayotte</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg/75px-Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg/113px-Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg/150px-Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="Template:United States senators from New Hampshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="Template talk:United States senators from New Hampshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from New Hampshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">United States senators from New Hampshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paine_Wingate" title="Paine Wingate">Wingate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Livermore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Olcott" title="Simeon Olcott">Olcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gilman" title="Nicholas Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Thompson" title="Thomas W. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Morril" title="David L. Morril">Morril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bell_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Samuel Bell (New Hampshire politician)">S. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hubbard" title="Henry Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benning_W._Jenness" title="Benning W. Jenness">Jenness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cilley_(1791%E2%80%931887)" title="Joseph Cilley (1791–1887)">Cilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Atherton" title="Charles G. Atherton">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_W._Williams" title="Jared W. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_H._Cragin" title="Aaron H. Cragin">Cragin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Rollins" title="Edward H. Rollins">Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_F._Pike" title="Austin F. Pike">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_Colby_Cheney" title="Person Colby Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chandler" title="William E. Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilman_Marston" title="Gilman Marston">Marston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chandler" title="William E. Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Burnham" title="Henry E. Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Hollis" title="Henry F. Hollis">Hollis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Keyes" title="Henry W. Keyes">Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_J._Murphy_Jr." title="Maurice J. Murphy Jr.">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McIntyre" title="Thomas J. McIntyre">McIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_J._Humphrey" title="Gordon J. Humphrey">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Sununu" title="John E. Sununu">Sununu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Shaheen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sheafe" title="James Sheafe">Sheafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Plumer" title="William Plumer">Plumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Parker" title="Nahum Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cutts" title="Charles Cutts">Cutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Mason" title="Jeremiah Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Storer" title="Clement Storer">Storer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fabyan_Parrott" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fabyan Parrott">Parrott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hill" title="Isaac Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Page_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="John Page (New Hampshire politician)">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wilcox" title="Leonard Wilcox">Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Atherton" title="Charles G. Atherton">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Norris_Jr." title="Moses Norris Jr.">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Wells" title="John S. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bell_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="James Bell (New Hampshire politician)">J. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clark_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Daniel Clark (New Hampshire politician)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Fogg" title="George G. Fogg">Fogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Patterson" title="James W. Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainbridge_Wadleigh" title="Bainbridge Wadleigh">Wadleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Bell_(politician)" title="Charles H. Bell (politician)">C. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Blair" title="Henry W. Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_H._Gallinger" title="Jacob H. Gallinger">Gallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_W._Drew" title="Irving W. Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_H._Brown" title="Fred H. Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Tobey" title="Charles W. Tobey">Tobey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Upton" title="Robert W. Upton">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Cotton" title="Norris Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_C._Wyman" title="Louis C. Wyman">Wyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Cotton" title="Norris Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Durkin" title="John A. Durkin">Durkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Rudman" title="Warren Rudman">Rudman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_Gregg" title="Judd Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ayotte" title="Kelly Ayotte">Ayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Hassan" title="Maggie Hassan">Hassan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Commerce_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Commerce chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Commerce_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Commerce chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Commerce_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Commerce chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce and Manufactures<br />(1816–1825)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hunter_(senator)" title="William Hunter (senator)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson" title="Mahlon Dickerson">Dickerson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce<br />(1825–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_S._Johnston" title="Josiah S. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Goldsborough" title="Robert Henry Goldsborough">Goldsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_W._Huntington" title="Jabez W. Huntington">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Haywood_Jr." title="William Henry Haywood Jr.">Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Claiborne_Clay" title="Clement Claiborne Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Chandler" title="Zachariah Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Conkling" title="Roscoe Conkling">Conkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._R._McMillan" title="Samuel J. R. McMillan">McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Clarke" title="James P. Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_U._Fletcher" title="Duncan U. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_L._Jones" title="Wesley L. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">H. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_D._Stephens" title="Hubert D. Stephens">Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_S._Copeland" title="Royal S. Copeland">Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bailey" title="Josiah Bailey">Bailey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interstate Commerce<br />(1887–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Butler" title="Matthew Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_B._Elkins" title="Stephen B. Elkins">Elkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_E._Clapp" title="Moses E. Clapp">Clapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_G._Newlands" title="Francis G. Newlands">Newlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Watson" title="James E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Couzens" title="James Couzens">Couzens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Dill" title="Clarence Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interstate and Foreign Commerce/Commerce<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_H._White" title="Wallace H. White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_C._Johnson" title="Edwin C. Johnson">E. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Tobey" title="Charles W. Tobey">Tobey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Bricker" title="John W. Bricker">Bricker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce, Science, and Transportation<br />(1977–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Cannon" title="Howard Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">Danforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Hollings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Pressler" title="Larry Pressler">Pressler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Hollings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Hollings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Rockefeller" title="Jay Rockefeller">Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Wicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Cantwell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Finance_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Finance chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Finance_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Finance chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Finance_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Finance chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">United States Senate Committee on Finance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayles_Eppes" title="John Wayles Eppes">Eppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)" title="John Holmes (Maine politician)">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lowrie_(politician)" title="Walter Lowrie (politician)">Lowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Evans_(American_politician)" title="George Evans (American politician)">Evans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon_Hall_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixon Hall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Atherton" title="Charles G. Atherton">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pearce" title="James Pearce">Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Voorhees" title="Daniel W. Voorhees">Voorhees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_W._Aldrich" title="Nelson W. Aldrich">Aldrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._M._Simmons" title="F. M. Simmons">Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_J._McCumber" title="Porter J. McCumber">McCumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Harrison" title="Pat Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Millikin" title="Eugene Millikin">Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Millikin" title="Eugene Millikin">Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd" title="Harry F. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roth" title="William Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_secretaries_of_the_Navy" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USSecNavy" title="Template:USSecNavy"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USSecNavy" title="Template talk:USSecNavy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USSecNavy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USSecNavy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_secretaries_of_the_Navy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States secretaries of the Navy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet-level</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stoddert" title="Benjamin Stoddert">Stoddert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Paul Hamilton (politician)">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(statesman)" title="William Jones (statesman)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">S Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Southard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Branch" title="John Branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson" title="Mahlon Dickerson">Dickerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kirke_Paulding" title="James Kirke Paulding">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Badger" title="George Edmund Badger">Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Upshur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Henshaw_(American_politician)" title="David Henshaw (American politician)">Henshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walker_Gilmer" title="Thomas Walker Gilmer">Gilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Y._Mason" title="John Y. Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Y._Mason" title="John Y. Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Kennedy" title="John P. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Dobbin" title="James C. Dobbin">Dobbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Toucey" title="Isaac Toucey">Toucey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles">Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_E._Borie" title="Adolph E. Borie">Borie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Robeson" title="George M. Robeson">Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Thompson" title="Richard W. Thompson">R Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Goff_Jr." title="Nathan Goff Jr.">Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Hunt" title="William H. Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chandler" title="William E. Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Collins_Whitney" title="William Collins Whitney">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Tracy" title="Benjamin F. Tracy">Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_A._Herbert" title="Hilary A. Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Morton_(politician)" title="Paul Morton (politician)">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Charles Joseph Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Metcalf" title="Victor H. Metcalf">Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_H._Newberry" title="Truman H. Newberry">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_von_Lengerke_Meyer" title="George von Lengerke Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_Daniels" title="Josephus Daniels">Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Denby_(politician)" title="Edwin Denby (politician)">Denby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_D._Wilbur" title="Curtis D. Wilbur">Wilbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_III" title="Charles Francis Adams III">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Swanson" title="Claude A. Swanson">Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edison" title="Charles Edison">Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knox" title="Frank Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Forrestal" title="James Forrestal">Forrestal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Dept. of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Sullivan_(United_States_Navy)" title="John L. Sullivan (United States Navy)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Matthews" title="Francis P. Matthews">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_A._Kimball" title="Dan A. Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Anderson_(Texas_politician)" title="Robert B. Anderson (Texas politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_(Secretary_of_the_Navy)" title="Charles Thomas (Secretary of the Navy)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gates_Jr." title="Thomas S. Gates Jr.">T. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Franke" title="William B. Franke">Franke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Korth" title="Fred Korth">Korth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nitze" title="Paul Nitze">Nitze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ignatius" title="Paul Ignatius">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chafee" title="John Chafee">Chafee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Middendorf" title="J. William Middendorf">Middendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Graham_Claytor_Jr." title="W. Graham Claytor Jr.">Claytor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hidalgo" title="Edward Hidalgo">Hidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lehman" title="John Lehman">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Ball" title="William L. Ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Garrett_III" title="Henry L. Garrett III">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Keefe" title="Sean O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Dalton" title="John Howard Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Danzig" title="Richard Danzig">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._England" title="Gordon R. England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Winter" title="Donald C. Winter">Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Mabus" title="Ray Mabus">Mabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_V._Spencer" title="Richard V. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Braithwaite" title="Kenneth Braithwaite">Braithwaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Del_Toro" title="Carlos Del Toro">Del Toro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="430" /></span></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/80px-US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/120px-US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/160px-US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="430" /></span></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/80px-US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/120px-US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/160px-US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Under Secretary of the Navy">Under<br />Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Forrestal" title="James Forrestal">Forrestal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Austin_Bard" title="Ralph Austin Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemus_Gates" title="Artemus Gates">A. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Sullivan_(United_States_Navy)" title="John L. Sullivan (United States Navy)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._John_Kenney" title="W. John Kenney">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_A._Kimball" title="Dan A. Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Whitehair" title="Francis P. Whitehair">Whitehair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_(Secretary_of_the_Navy)" title="Charles Thomas (Secretary of the Navy)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gates_Jr." title="Thomas S. Gates Jr.">T. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Franke" title="William B. Franke">Franke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_A._Bantz" title="Fred A. Bantz">Bantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_B._Fay" title="Paul B. Fay">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._BeLieu" title="Kenneth E. BeLieu">BeLieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._B._Baldwin" title="Robert H. B. Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Baird" title="Charles F. Baird">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_P._Sanders" title="Frank P. Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Middendorf" title="J. William Middendorf">Middendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Potter" title="David S. Potter">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Macdonald" title="David R. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._James_Woolsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="R. James Woolsey Jr.">Woolsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Murray" title="Robert J. Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Goodrich" title="James F. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Garrett_III" title="Henry L. Garrett III">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Daniel_Howard" title="J. Daniel Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Danzig" title="Richard Danzig">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_MacArthur_Hultin" title="Jerry MacArthur Hultin">Hultin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Pirie_Jr." title="Robert B. Pirie Jr.">Pirie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Livingstone" title="Susan Livingstone">Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionel_M._Aviles" title="Dionel M. Aviles">Aviles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Work" title="Robert O. Work">Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janine_A._Davidson" title="Janine A. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Modly" title="Thomas Modly">Modly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Raven" title="Erik Raven">Raven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy">Assistant<br />Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pre–1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Fox" title="Gustavus Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Faxon" title="William Faxon">Faxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Soley" title="James R. Soley">Soley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McAdoo_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="William McAdoo (New Jersey politician)">McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">T. Roosevelt Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herbert_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Herbert Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Hackett" title="Frank W. Hackett">Hackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hial_Darling" title="Charles Hial Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_H._Newberry" title="Truman H. Newberry">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_L._Satterlee" title="Herbert L. Satterlee">Satterlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Winthrop" title="Beekman Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Woodbury" title="Gordon Woodbury">G. Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Jr." title="Theodore Roosevelt Jr.">T. Roosevelt Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Douglas_Robinson" title="Theodore Douglas Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Jahncke" title="Ernest L. Jahncke">Jahncke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Roosevelt" title="Henry L. Roosevelt">H. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edison" title="Charles Edison">Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Compton" title="Lewis Compton">Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Austin_Bard" title="Ralph Austin Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Struve_Hensel" title="H. Struve Hensel">Hensel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._John_Kenney" title="W. John Kenney">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Andrews" title="Mark E. Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Koehler" title="John T. Koehler">Koehler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_R._Askins" title="Herbert R. Askins">Askins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_H._Fogler" title="Raymond H. Fogler">Fogler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Post–1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Financial_Management_and_Comptroller)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)">Financial Management and Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Energy,_Installations_and_Environment)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Energy, Installations and Environment)">Energy, Installations and Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Manpower_and_Reserve_Affairs)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)">Manpower and Reserve Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Research,_Development_and_Acquisition)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition)">Research, Development and Acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Counsel_of_the_Navy" title="General Counsel of the Navy">General Counsel of the Navy</a></li> <li>defunct: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(AIR)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Installations_and_Logistics)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Logistics)">Installations and Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Material)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Material)">Material</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(AIR)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)">Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(AIR)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)">Research, Engineering and Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Shipbuilding_and_Logistics)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Shipbuilding and Logistics)">Shipbuilding and Logistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_secretaries_of_the_treasury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USSecTreas" title="Template:USSecTreas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USSecTreas" title="Template talk:USSecTreas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USSecTreas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USSecTreas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_secretaries_of_the_treasury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States secretaries of the treasury</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott_Jr." title="Oliver Wolcott Jr.">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Dallas_(statesman)" title="Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Ingham" title="Samuel D. Ingham">Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Duane" title="William J. Duane">Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Taney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Forward" title="Walter Forward">Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Walker" title="Robert J. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Francis_Thomas" title="Philip Francis Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adams_Richardson" title="William Adams Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bristow" title="Benjamin Bristow">Bristow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_M._Morrill" title="Lot M. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Folger" title="Charles J. Folger">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Manning" title="Daniel Manning">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Fairchild" title="Charles S. Fairchild">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Foster_(Ohio_politician)" title="Charles Foster (Ohio politician)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_J._Gage" title="Lyman J. Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._M._Shaw" title="L. M. Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Cortelyou" title="George B. Cortelyou">Cortelyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_MacVeagh" title="Franklin MacVeagh">MacVeagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_F._Houston" title="David F. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogden_L._Mills" title="Ogden L. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Woodin" title="William H. Woodin">Woodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Jr." title="Henry Morgenthau Jr.">Morgenthau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Vinson" title="Fred M. Vinson">Vinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Snyder" title="John Wesley Snyder">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Humphrey" title="George M. Humphrey">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Anderson_(Texas_politician)" title="Robert B. Anderson (Texas politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Douglas_Dillon" title="C. Douglas Dillon">Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Fowler" title="Henry H. Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Barr" title="Joseph W. Barr">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(politician)" title="David M. Kennedy (politician)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Simon" title="William E. Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Michael_Blumenthal" title="W. Michael Blumenthal">Blumenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._William_Miller" title="G. William Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Regan" title="Donald Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_F._Brady" title="Nicholas F. Brady">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rubin" title="Robert Rubin">Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Summers" title="Lawrence Summers">Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._O%27Neill" title="Paul H. O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Snow" title="John W. Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Paulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Geithner" title="Timothy Geithner">Geithner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Lew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin" title="Steven Mnuchin">Mnuchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Yellen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury"><img alt="Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/110px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/165px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/220px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="246" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Andrew_Jackson_(1829–1837)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jackson_cabinet" title="Template:Jackson cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jackson_cabinet" title="Template talk:Jackson cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jackson_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jackson cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Andrew_Jackson_(1829–1837)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (1829–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">Edward Livingston</a> (1831–1833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">Louis McLane</a> (1833–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">John Forsyth</a> (1834–1837)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Andrew_Jackson.jpg/100px-Andrew_Jackson.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Andrew_Jackson.jpg/150px-Andrew_Jackson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Andrew_Jackson.jpg/200px-Andrew_Jackson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="739" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Ingham" title="Samuel D. Ingham">Samuel D. Ingham</a> (1829–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">Louis McLane</a> (1831–1833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Duane" title="William J. Duane">William J. Duane</a> (1833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> (1833–1834)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Levi Woodbury</a> (1834–1837)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Eaton_(politician)" title="John Eaton (politician)">John Eaton</a> (1829–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> (1831–1836)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">John M. Berrien</a> (1829–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> (1831–1833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Benjamin Franklin Butler (lawyer)">Benjamin Franklin Butler</a> (1833–1837)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">William T. Barry</a> (1829–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Kendall" title="Amos Kendall">Amos Kendall</a> (1835–1837)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Branch" title="John Branch">John Branch</a> (1829–1831)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Levi Woodbury</a> (1831–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson" title="Mahlon Dickerson">Mahlon Dickerson</a> (1834–1837)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Martin_Van_Buren_(1837–1841)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Van_Buren_cabinet" title="Template:Van Buren cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Van_Buren_cabinet" title="Template talk:Van Buren cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Van_Buren_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Van Buren cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Martin_Van_Buren_(1837–1841)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">John Forsyth</a> (1837–1841)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Martin_Van_Buren_edit.jpg/100px-Martin_Van_Buren_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Martin_Van_Buren_edit.jpg/150px-Martin_Van_Buren_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Martin_Van_Buren_edit.jpg/200px-Martin_Van_Buren_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="2048" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Levi Woodbury</a> (1837–1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Roberts_Poinsett" title="Joel Roberts Poinsett">Joel Roberts Poinsett</a> (1837–1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Benjamin Franklin Butler (lawyer)">Benjamin Franklin Butler</a> (1837–1838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Felix Grundy</a> (1838–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Gilpin" title="Henry D. Gilpin">Henry D. Gilpin</a> (1840–1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Kendall" title="Amos Kendall">Amos Kendall</a> (1837–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Niles" title="John Milton Niles">John Milton Niles</a> (1840–1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson" title="Mahlon Dickerson">Mahlon Dickerson</a> (1837–1838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kirke_Paulding" title="James Kirke Paulding">James Kirke Paulding</a> (1838–1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SCOTUS_Justices" title="Template:SCOTUS Justices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SCOTUS_Justices" title="Template talk:SCOTUS Justices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SCOTUS_Justices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SCOTUS Justices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Justices of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd flatlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Chief_justices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief justices</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jay_Court" title="Jay Court">1789–1795</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Jay_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Jay Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rutledge_Court" title="Rutledge Court">1795</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Rutledge_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rutledge Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ellsworth" title="Oliver Ellsworth">Oliver Ellsworth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Court" title="Ellsworth Court">1796–1800</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Ellsworth_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Ellsworth Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marshall_Court" title="Marshall Court">1801–1835</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Marshall_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Marshall Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taney_Court" title="Taney Court">1836–1864</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taney_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taney Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chase_Court" title="Chase Court">1864–1873</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Chase_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Chase Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Waite" title="Morrison Waite">Morrison Waite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waite_Court" title="Waite Court">1874–1888</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Waite_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Waite Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Fuller" title="Melville Fuller">Melville Fuller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuller_Court" title="Fuller Court">1888–1910</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Fuller_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Fuller Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_Court_(justices)" title="White Court (justices)">1910–1921</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_White_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the White Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taft_Court" title="Taft Court">1921–1930</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taft_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taft Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hughes_Court" title="Hughes Court">1930–1941</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Hughes_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Hughes Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Harlan F. Stone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stone_Court" title="Stone Court">1941–1946</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Stone_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Stone Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Vinson" title="Fred M. Vinson">Fred M. Vinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vinson_Court" title="Vinson Court">1946–1953</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Vinson_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Vinson Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Warren_Court" title="Warren Court">1953–1969</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Warren_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Warren Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Warren E. Burger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burger_Court" title="Burger Court">1969–1986</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Burger_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Burger Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rehnquist_Court" title="Rehnquist Court">1986–2005</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Rehnquist_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roberts_Court" title="Roberts Court">2005–present</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Roberts_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court">cases</a></i>)</li></ol> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd flatlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Associate_justices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate justices</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ol><li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">J. Rutledge</a>* (1790–1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cushing" title="William Cushing">Cushing</a> (1790–1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">Wilson</a> (1789–1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Blair_Jr." title="John Blair Jr.">Blair</a> (1790–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Iredell" title="James Iredell">Iredell</a> (1790–1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(judge)" title="Thomas Johnson (judge)">T. Johnson</a> (1792–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)" title="William Paterson (judge)">Paterson</a> (1793–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">S. Chase</a> (1796–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Washington</a> (1798–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Moore" title="Alfred Moore">Moore</a> (1800–1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Johnson_(judge)" title="William Johnson (judge)">W. Johnson</a> (1804–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brockholst_Livingston" title="Henry Brockholst Livingston">Livingston</a> (1807–1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Todd" title="Thomas Todd">Todd</a> (1807–1826)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Duvall" title="Gabriel Duvall">Duvall</a> (1811–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Story</a> (1812–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">Thompson</a> (1823–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trimble" title="Robert Trimble">Trimble</a> (1826–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">McLean</a> (1829–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Baldwin_(judge)" title="Henry Baldwin (judge)">Baldwin</a> (1830–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="James Moore Wayne">Wayne</a> (1835–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Barbour</a> (1836–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Catron" title="John Catron">Catron</a> (1837–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKinley" title="John McKinley">McKinley</a> (1838–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_V._Daniel" title="Peter V. Daniel">Daniel</a> (1842–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nelson" title="Samuel Nelson">Nelson</a> (1845–1872)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodbury</a> (1845–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cooper_Grier" title="Robert Cooper Grier">Grier</a> (1846–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Curtis</a> (1851–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Campbell" title="John Archibald Campbell">Campbell</a> (1853–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Clifford" title="Nathan Clifford">Clifford</a> (1858–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Haynes_Swayne" title="Noah Haynes Swayne">Swayne</a> (1862–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Freeman_Miller" title="Samuel Freeman Miller">Miller</a> (1862–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a> (1862–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Johnson_Field" title="Stephen Johnson Field">Field</a> (1863–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Strong_(Pennsylvania_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Strong (Pennsylvania judge)">Strong</a> (1870–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Bradley" title="Joseph P. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1870–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt" title="Ward Hunt">Hunt</a> (1873–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan" title="John Marshall Harlan">J. M. Harlan</a> (1877–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burnham_Woods" title="William Burnham Woods">Woods</a> (1881–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Matthews_(judge)" title="Stanley Matthews (judge)">Matthews</a> (1881–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Gray" title="Horace Gray">Gray</a> (1882–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Blatchford" title="Samuel Blatchford">Blatchford</a> (1882–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar" title="Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar">L. Lamar</a> (1888–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Brewer" title="David J. Brewer">Brewer</a> (1890–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Billings_Brown" title="Henry Billings Brown">Brown</a> (1891–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shiras_Jr." title="George Shiras Jr.">Shiras</a> (1892–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_E._Jackson" title="Howell E. Jackson">H. Jackson</a> (1893–1895)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">E. White</a>* (1894–1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_W._Peckham" title="Rufus W. Peckham">Peckham</a> (1896–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McKenna" title="Joseph McKenna">McKenna</a> (1898–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Holmes</a> (1902–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">Day</a> (1903–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a> (1906–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Harmon_Lurton" title="Horace Harmon Lurton">Lurton</a> (1910–1914)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a>* (1910–1916)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Van_Devanter" title="Willis Van Devanter">Van Devanter</a> (1911–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rucker_Lamar" title="Joseph Rucker Lamar">J. Lamar</a> (1911–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Pitney" title="Mahlon Pitney">Pitney</a> (1912–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_McReynolds" title="James Clark McReynolds">McReynolds</a> (1914–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a> (1916–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hessin_Clarke" title="John Hessin Clarke">Clarke</a> (1916–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a> (1922–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(judge)" title="Pierce Butler (judge)">Butler</a> (1923–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a> (1923–1930)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Stone</a>* (1925–1941)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Roberts" title="Owen Roberts">O. Roberts</a> (1930–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Cardozo</a> (1932–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Black" title="Hugo Black">Black</a> (1937–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Forman_Reed" title="Stanley Forman Reed">Reed</a> (1938–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Frankfurter" title="Felix Frankfurter">Frankfurter</a> (1939–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas</a> (1939–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murphy" title="Frank Murphy">Murphy</a> (1940–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">Byrnes</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Jackson" title="Robert H. Jackson">R. Jackson</a> (1941–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiley_Rutledge" title="Wiley Rutledge">W. Rutledge</a> (1943–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_H._Burton" title="Harold H. Burton">Burton</a> (1945–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_C._Clark" title="Tom C. Clark">Clark</a> (1949–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton" title="Sherman Minton">Minton</a> (1949–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">J. M. Harlan II</a> (1955–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">Brennan</a> (1956–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a> (1957–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potter_Stewart" title="Potter Stewart">Stewart</a> (1958–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_White" title="Byron White">B. White</a> (1962–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Goldberg</a> (1962–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Fortas" title="Abe Fortas">Fortas</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">T. Marshall</a> (1967–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Blackmun</a> (1970–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell_Jr." title="Lewis F. Powell Jr.">Powell</a> (1972–1987)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a>* (1972–1986)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">Stevens</a> (1975–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a> (1981–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a> (1986–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1988–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">Souter</a> (1990–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a> (1991–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a> (1993–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Breyer</a> (1994–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sotomayor</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Kagan</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">K. Jackson</a> (2022–present)</li></ol> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;">*<i>Also served as Chief Justice of the United States</i></span></div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taney_Court_(1836–1864)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taney_Court" title="Template:Taney Court"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taney_Court" title="Template talk:Taney Court"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taney_Court" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taney Court"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Taney_Court_(1836–1864)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Taney_Court" title="Taney Court">Taney Court</a> (1836–1864)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Taney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Catron" title="John Catron">Catron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKinley" title="John McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vivian_Daniel" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Vivian Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nelson" title="Samuel Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cooper_Grier" title="Robert Cooper Grier">Grier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Campbell" title="John Archibald Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Clifford" title="Nathan Clifford">Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Haynes_Swayne" title="Noah Haynes Swayne">Swayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Freeman_Miller" title="Samuel Freeman Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Johnson_Field" title="Stephen Johnson Field">Field</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/90px-Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/135px-Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/180px-Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4413" data-file-height="6402" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taney_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taney Court">Decisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Peters_(reporter)" title="Richard Peters (reporter)">Pet.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_35" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 35">35 (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_36" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 36">36 (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_37" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 37">37 (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_38" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 38">38 (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_39" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 39">39 (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_40" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 40">40 (15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_41" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 41">41 (16)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Chew_Howard" title="Benjamin Chew Howard">How.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_42" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 42">42 (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_43" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 43">43 (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_44" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 44">44 (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_45" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 45">45 (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_46" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 46">46 (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_47" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 47">47 (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_48" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 48">48 (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_49" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 49">49 (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_50" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 50">50 (9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_51" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 51">51 (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_52" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 52">52 (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_53" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 53">53 (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_54" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 54">54 (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_55" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 55">55 (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_56" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 56">56 (15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_57" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 57">57 (16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_58" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 58">58 (17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_59" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 59">59 (18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_60" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 60">60 (19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_61" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 61">61 (20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_62" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 62">62 (21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_63" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 63">63 (22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_64" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 64">64 (23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_65" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 65">65 (24)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_S._Black" title="Jeremiah S. Black">Black</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_66" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 66">66 (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_67" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 67">67 (2)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Wallace" title="John William Wallace">Wall.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_68" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 68">68 (1)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title_in_the_Taney_Court" title="Aboriginal title in the Taney Court">Aboriginal title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_law_in_the_Taney_Court" title="Criminal law in the Taney Court">Criminal law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_court_decisions_in_the_United_States" title="List of landmark court decisions in the United States">Landmark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Bridge_v._Warren_Bridge" title="Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge">Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge</a></i> (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._The_Amistad" title="United States v. The Amistad">United States v. The Amistad</a></i> (1841)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luther_v._Borden" title="Luther v. Borden">Luther v. Borden</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooley_v._Board_of_Wardens" title="Cooley v. Board of Wardens">Cooley v. Board of Wardens</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> (1857)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ableman_v._Booth" title="Ableman v. Booth">Ableman v. Booth</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prize_Cases" title="Prize Cases">Prize Cases</a></i> (1863)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_and_Ninth_Circuits_Act_of_1837" title="Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837">Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Circuit_Act_of_1863" title="Tenth Circuit Act of 1863">Tenth Circuit Act of 1863</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1844)_1848_United_States_presidential_election_(1852_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1848 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1848 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1848 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1844)_1848_United_States_presidential_election_(1852_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">← 1844</a>) <a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F0C862;"><b><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">William O. Butler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Levi Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CCCC66;"><b><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1848_Free_Soil_%26_Liberty_national_conventions" title="1848 Free Soil & Liberty national conventions">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles F. Adams</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reed_Giddings" title="Joshua Reed Giddings">Joshua R. Giddings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1848 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1848_and_1849_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 and 1849 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_and_1849_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 and 1849 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579228#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579228#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579228#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000067446059">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/50647999">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/155678/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJycKcc7tBM4pTpQ9bCqQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1192376382">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85046453">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007271903005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14072302">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000711">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10569891">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65b0b2v">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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