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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5_ft_4+1⁄2_in"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>5 ft <span>4<span>+</span><span>1</span>⁄<span>2</span></span> in</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5_ft_4+1⁄2_in-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iberian_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iberian_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Iberian gauge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iberian_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5_ft_6_in_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5_ft_6_in_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>5 ft 6 in gauge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5_ft_6_in_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broader_gauges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broader_gauges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Broader gauges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broader_gauges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Broad-gauge railway</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breitspur" title="Breitspur – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Breitspur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5" title="ব্রড-গেজ রেলপথ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রড-গেজ রেলপথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bredspor" title="Bredspor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bredspor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breitspurbahn" title="Breitspurbahn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Breitspurbahn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laiar%C3%B6%C3%B6pmeline_raudtee" title="Laiarööpmeline raudtee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laiarööpmeline raudtee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrocarril_de_v%C3%ADa_ancha" title="Ferrocarril de vía ancha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ferrocarril de vía ancha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie_large" title="Voie large – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voie large" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EA%B6%A4" title="광궤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광궤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="ब्रॉड गेज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रॉड गेज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0irokotra%C4%8Dna_%C5%BEeljeznica" title="Širokotračna željeznica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Širokotračna željeznica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scartamento_largo" title="Scartamento largo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scartamento largo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breedspoor" title="Breedspoor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Breedspoor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E8%BB%8C" title="広軌 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="広軌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bredspor" title="Bredspor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bredspor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolej_szerokotorowa" title="Kolej szerokotorowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolej szerokotorowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola_larga" title="Bitola larga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bitola larga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecartament_larg" title="Ecartament larg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecartament larg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Ширококолейная железная дорога – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ширококолейная железная дорога" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පුළුල් ආමානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුළුල් ආමානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0irokorozchodn%C3%A1_%C5%BEeleznica" title="Širokorozchodná železnica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Širokorozchodná železnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leve%C3%A4raiteinen_rautatie" title="Leveäraiteinen rautatie – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leveäraiteinen rautatie" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bredsp%C3%A5r" title="Bredspår – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bredspår" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="அகலப் பாதை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகலப் பாதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87" title="బ్రాడ్ గేజ్ రైల్వే – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బ్రాడ్ గేజ్ రైల్వే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Широка колія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Широка колія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="براڈ گیج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="براڈ گیج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E8%BD%A8" title="宽轨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宽轨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q906942#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#bebebe;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> By transport mode</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit_track_gauge" title="Rapid transit track gauge">Rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_systems_by_gauge_and_electrification" title="List of tram systems by gauge and electrification">Tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway" title="Ridable miniature railway">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_modelling_scales" title="Rail transport modelling scales">Scale model</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> By size (<a href="/wiki/List_of_track_gauges" title="List of track gauges">list</a>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <table class="nowrap"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Track_gauge.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graphic list of track gauges"><img alt="Graphic list of track gauges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Track_gauge.svg/240px-Track_gauge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Track_gauge.svg/360px-Track_gauge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Track_gauge.svg/480px-Track_gauge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2110" data-file-height="610" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Minimum-gauge_railway" title="Minimum-gauge railway">Minimum</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#b0b0b0;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fifteen-inch_gauge_railway" title="Fifteen-inch gauge railway">Fifteen inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">381 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(15 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#E5C4A1;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/2_ft_and_600_mm_gauge_railways" title="2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways">600 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">600 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(1 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/2_ft_and_600_mm_gauge_railways" title="2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways">Two foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">610 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_2_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="List of 2 ft 3 in gauge railways">Two foot three inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">686 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft 3 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#ff8a37;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/750_mm_gauge_railways" title="750 mm gauge railways">750 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">750 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bosnian-gauge_railways" title="Bosnian-gauge railways">Bosnian gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">760 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">15</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/2_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="2 ft 6 in gauge railways">Two foot six inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">762 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft 6 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#e1392f;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_three_foot_gauge_railways" title="Swedish three foot gauge railways">Swedish three foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">891 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/900_mm_gauge_railways" title="900 mm gauge railways">900 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">900 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/3_ft_gauge_railways" title="3 ft gauge railways">Three foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">914 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(3 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railways_in_Italy#Italian_metre-gauge_lines_(950_mm)" title="Narrow-gauge railways in Italy">Italian metre</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">950 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(3 ft<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">13</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#c55e8d;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Metre-gauge_railway" title="Metre-gauge railway">Metre</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,000 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(3 ft <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6a51b7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/3_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="3 ft 6 in gauge railways">Three foot six inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,067 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(3 ft 6 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6a51b7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway#Around_4_ft_gauge" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Four foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,219 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6a51b7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/4_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="4 ft 6 in gauge railway">Four foot six inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,372 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft 6 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6a51b7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway#Modern_almost_standard_gauge_railways" title="Standard-gauge railway">1432 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,432 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#568dd0; width:20px;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway" title="Standard-gauge railway">Standard</a></b></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,435 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Broad</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#335c33;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Italy" title="Track gauge in Italy">Italian broad gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,445 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dresden" title="Trams in Dresden">Dresden gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,450 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft <span class="frac">9<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#335c33;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Leipzig" title="Trams in Leipzig">Leipzig gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,458 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft <span class="frac">9<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">13</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#335c33;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Toronto-gauge_railways" title="Toronto-gauge railways">Toronto gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,495 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft <span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#335c33;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways">1520 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,520 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways">Five foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,524 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#5abf56;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States#Pennsylvania_trolley_gauges" title="Track gauge in the United States">Pennsylvania gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,581 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft <span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Pennsylvania gauge</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,588 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft <span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways">Five foot three inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,600 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft 3 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#bbdf94;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Streetcar_Museum#Streetcar_service" title="Baltimore Streetcar Museum">Baltimore gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,638 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft <span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#bbdf94;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Iberian-gauge_railways" title="Iberian-gauge railways">Iberian gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,668 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">21</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway">Five foot six inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,676 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft 6 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dceba3;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States#Broad_gauges" title="Track gauge in the United States">Six foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,829 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(6 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dceba3;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway#Brunel's_7-foot_gauge_and_the_"gauge_war"" title="Great Western Railway">Brunel</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,140 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(7 ft <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dceba3;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Breitspurbahn" title="Breitspurbahn">Breitspurbahn</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,000 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(9 ft 10<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> Change of gauge</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogie_exchange" title="Bogie exchange">Bogie exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_of_gauge" title="Break of gauge">Break of gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">Dual gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gauge_conversions" title="List of gauge conversions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_gauge" title="Variable gauge">Variable gauge</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> By location</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_North_America" title="Track gauge in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_South_America" title="Track gauge in South America">South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Europe" title="Track gauge in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_gauge_in_Australia" title="Rail gauge in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rail_gauge_world.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="World map, rail gauge by region"><img alt="World map, rail gauge by region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rail_gauge_world.svg/264px-Rail_gauge_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="264" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rail_gauge_world.svg/396px-Rail_gauge_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rail_gauge_world.svg/528px-Rail_gauge_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>broad-gauge railway</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">track gauge</a> (the distance between the rails) broader than the <span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>) used by <a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway" title="Standard-gauge railway">standard-gauge railways</a>. </p><p>Broad gauge of <a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">1,520 mm</span></a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>), more known as <b>Russian gauge</b>, is the dominant track gauge in former Soviet Union countries (<a href="/wiki/CIS_states" class="mw-redirect" title="CIS states">CIS states</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Mongolia" title="Rail transport in Mongolia">Mongolia</a>. Broad gauge of <a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft</span>), commonly known as <b>Five foot gauge</b>, is mainly used in <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Finland" title="Rail transport in Finland">Finland</a>. Broad gauge of <a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">1,600 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft 3 in</span>), commonly known as <b>Irish gauge</b>, is the dominant track gauge in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Victoria" title="Rail transport in Victoria">Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Railways_in_Adelaide" title="Railways in Adelaide">Adelaide</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Brazil" title="Rail transport in Brazil">passenger trains</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. </p><p>Broad gauge of <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge"><span class="nowrap">1,668 mm</span></a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">21</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>), commonly known as <b>Iberian gauge</b>, is the dominant track gauge in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. </p><p>Broad gauge of <a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span>), commonly known as <b>Indian gauge</b>, is the dominant track gauge in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Railways" title="Pakistan Railways">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Railways" title="Sri Lanka Railways">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Argentina" title="Rail transport in Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empresa_de_los_Ferrocarriles_del_Estado" title="Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado">Chile</a>, and on <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">BART</a> (Bay Area Rapid Transit) in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>. This is the widest gauge in common use anywhere in the world. It is possible for trains on both Iberian gauge and Indian gauge to travel on each other's tracks with no modifications in the vast majority of cases.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Railway_Regulation_(Gauge)_Act_1846" title="Railway Regulation (Gauge) Act 1846">Railway Regulation (Gauge) Act 1846</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GWR_broad_gauge_locomotives.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/GWR_broad_gauge_locomotives.jpg/220px-GWR_broad_gauge_locomotives.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/GWR_broad_gauge_locomotives.jpg/330px-GWR_broad_gauge_locomotives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/GWR_broad_gauge_locomotives.jpg/440px-GWR_broad_gauge_locomotives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a> broad-gauge <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotives</a> awaiting scrapping in 1892 after the conversion of the tracks to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GWR_No.22_AEC_Diesel_Railcar_with_Firefy_Broad_Guage_Steam_Loco_Replica_at_Didcot_Great_Western_Railway_Centre_(7882212230).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/GWR_No.22_AEC_Diesel_Railcar_with_Firefy_Broad_Guage_Steam_Loco_Replica_at_Didcot_Great_Western_Railway_Centre_%287882212230%29.jpg/220px-GWR_No.22_AEC_Diesel_Railcar_with_Firefy_Broad_Guage_Steam_Loco_Replica_at_Didcot_Great_Western_Railway_Centre_%287882212230%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/GWR_No.22_AEC_Diesel_Railcar_with_Firefy_Broad_Guage_Steam_Loco_Replica_at_Didcot_Great_Western_Railway_Centre_%287882212230%29.jpg/330px-GWR_No.22_AEC_Diesel_Railcar_with_Firefy_Broad_Guage_Steam_Loco_Replica_at_Didcot_Great_Western_Railway_Centre_%287882212230%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/GWR_No.22_AEC_Diesel_Railcar_with_Firefy_Broad_Guage_Steam_Loco_Replica_at_Didcot_Great_Western_Railway_Centre_%287882212230%29.jpg/440px-GWR_No.22_AEC_Diesel_Railcar_with_Firefy_Broad_Guage_Steam_Loco_Replica_at_Didcot_Great_Western_Railway_Centre_%287882212230%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>A replica <a href="/wiki/GWR_Firefly_Class" title="GWR Firefly Class">GWR Firefly Class</a> broad gauge steam locomotive, with a preserved, standard-gauge <a href="/wiki/GWR_Railcars" class="mw-redirect" title="GWR Railcars">GWR railcar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didcot_Railway_Centre" title="Didcot Railway Centre">Didcot Railway Centre</a>, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, broad gauge was first used in <a href="/wiki/Scotch_gauge#5_ft_6_in_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch gauge">Scotland</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Arbroath_Railway" title="Dundee and Arbroath Railway">Dundee and Arbroath Railway</a> (1836–1847) and the <a href="/wiki/Arbroath_and_Forfar_Railway" title="Arbroath and Forfar Railway">Arbroath and Forfar Railway</a> (1838–1848). Both short and isolated lines, they were built in <span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>). The lines were subsequently <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">converted</a> to <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> and connected to the emerging Scottish rail network. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel" title="Isambard Kingdom Brunel">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a> in 1838 with a gauge of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">7 ft <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">2,140 mm</span>), and retained this gauge until 1892. Some harbours also used railways of this gauge for construction and maintenance. These included <a href="/wiki/Portland_Harbour" title="Portland Harbour">Portland Harbour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holyhead" title="Holyhead">Holyhead</a> Breakwater, which used a locomotive for working <a href="/wiki/Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">sidings</a>. As it was not connected to the national network, this broad-gauge operation continued until the locomotive wore out in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gauge initially proposed by Brunel was <span class="nowrap">7 ft</span> (<span class="nowrap">2,134 mm</span>) exactly but this was soon increased by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in (6 mm) to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><a href="/wiki/7-foot-%C2%BC-inch_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="7-foot-¼-inch gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">7 ft <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">2,140 mm</span>) to accommodate clearance problems identified during early testing. <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a> was to add an extra half inch to his original <span class="nowrap">4 ft 8 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,422 mm</span>) gauge for the same reason.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While the parliament of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> was initially prepared to authorise lines built to the broad gauge of <span class="nowrap">7 ft</span> (<span class="nowrap">2,134 mm</span>), it was eventually rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Railway_Gauges" title="Royal Commission on Railway Gauges">Gauge Commission</a> in favour of all new railways in England, Wales and Scotland being built to standard gauge of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span>), this being the gauge with the greatest mileage. Railways which had already received their enabling Act would continue at the 7 ft gauge. Ireland, using the same criteria, was allocated a different standard gauge, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish gauge">Irish gauge</a>, of <a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">5 ft 3 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,600 mm</span>) which is also used in the Australian states of South Australia and Victoria. Broad-gauge lines in Britain were gradually <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">converted</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">dual gauge</a> or standard gauge from 1864 and finally the last of Brunel's broad gauge was converted over a weekend in 1892. </p><p>In 1839, the Netherlands started its railway system with two broad-gauge railways. The chosen gauge of <span class="nowrap">1,945 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">6 ft <span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">9</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in</span>) was applied between 1839 and 1866 by the <i><a href="/wiki/Hollandsche_IJzeren_Spoorweg-Maatschappij" title="Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij">Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij</a></i> (HSM) for its Amsterdam–The Hague–Rotterdam line and between 1842 and 1855, firstly by the Dutch state, but soon by the <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlandsche_Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij" title="Nederlandsche Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij">Nederlandsche Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij</a></i> (NRS), for its Amsterdam–Utrecht–Arnhem line. But the neighbouring countries Prussia and Belgium already used standard gauge, so the two companies had to <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">regauge</a> their first lines. In 1855, NRS regauged its line and shortly afterwards connected to the Prussian railways. The HSM followed in 1866. There are replicas of one broad-gauge 2-2-2 locomotive (<i><a href="/wiki/Arend_(locomotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arend (locomotive)">De Arend</a></i>) and three carriages in the <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlands_Spoorwegmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederlands Spoorwegmuseum">Nederlands Spoorwegmuseum</a></i> (Dutch Railway Museum) in Utrecht. These replicas were built for the 100th anniversary of the Dutch Railways in 1938–39. </p><p>The erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway" title="Great Indian Peninsula Railway">Great Indian Peninsula Railway</a> introduced a broad gauge of <span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span>) for the first passenger railway line in India, between <a href="/wiki/Bori_Bunder_railway_station" title="Bori Bunder railway station">Bori Bunder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thane_railway_station" title="Thane railway station">Thane</a>. This was later adopted as the standard throughout the country, as it was thought to be safer in areas prone to cyclones and flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-Up-Down-India_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Up-Down-India-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-irsff_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irsff-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span>) gauge is now commonly referred to as <a href="/wiki/Indian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian gauge">Indian gauge</a>. While some initial freight railway lines in India were built using <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a>, most of the standard and narrow gauge railways have since been dismantled and <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">relaid</a> in broad gauge. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Ireland" title="Rail transport in Ireland">Ireland</a> and some states in <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Australia" title="Rail transport in Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Brazil" title="Rail transport in Brazil">Brazil</a> have a gauge of <span class="nowrap">5 ft 3 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,600 mm</span>) but <a href="/wiki/Luas" title="Luas">Luas</a>, the Dublin light rail system, is built to standard gauge. Russia and the other former <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Soviet Republics</a> use a <span class="nowrap">1,520 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>) (originally <span class="nowrap">5 ft</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span>)) gauge while Finland continues to use the <span class="nowrap">5 ft</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span>) gauge inherited from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (the two standards are close enough to allow full interoperability between Finland and Russia). Portugal and the Spanish <i><a href="/wiki/Renfe" title="Renfe">Renfe</a></i> system use a gauge of <span class="nowrap">1,668 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">21</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>) called <i>Ancho Ibérico</i> in Spanish or <i>Bitola Ibérica</i> in Portuguese (see <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">Iberian gauge</a>); though there are plans to convert to <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada, the gauge for <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">TTC</a> subways and streetcars was chosen in 1861. Toronto adopted a unique <a href="/wiki/Toronto_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto gauge">Toronto gauge</a> of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,495 mm</span>), an "overgauge" originally stated to "allow horse-drawn wagons to use the rails" on the horse-drawn streetcar lines of the day but with the practical effect of precluding the use of standard-gauge equipment in the street. The <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Toronto Transit Commission</a> still operates the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_streetcar_system" title="Toronto streetcar system">Toronto streetcar system</a> and three heavy-rail <a href="/wiki/Toronto_subway" title="Toronto subway">subway</a> lines using this unique gauge. The light metro <a href="/wiki/Line_3_Scarborough" title="Line 3 Scarborough">Scarborough RT</a> and two light rail lines under construction (<a href="/wiki/Line_5_Eglinton" title="Line 5 Eglinton">Eglinton Crosstown line</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_6_Finch_West" title="Line 6 Finch West">Finch West</a>) use standard gauge.<sup id="cite_ref-TorStar-2010-01-06_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TorStar-2010-01-06-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1851, the <span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>) broad gauge was officially adopted as the standard gauge for the <a href="/wiki/United_Province_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="United Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a>, becoming known as the <i>Provincial gauge</i> and government subsidies were unavailable for railways that chose other gauges. This caused problems in interchanging freight cars with northern United States railroads, most of which were built to <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> or a gauge similar to it. In the 1870s (mainly between 1872 and 1874), Canadian broad-gauge lines were <a href="/wiki/Gauge_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge conversion">changed</a> to standard gauge to facilitate interchange and the exchange of rolling stock with American railroads. Today, almost all Canadian railways are standard-gauge. </p><p>In the early days of rail transport in the US, railways tended to be built out from coastal cities into the <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a>, and systems did not initially connect. Each builder was free to choose its own gauge, although the availability of British-built locomotives encouraged some railways to be built to standard gauge. As a general rule, southern railways were built to one or another broad gauge, mostly <span class="nowrap">5 ft</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span>), while northern railroads that were not standard gauge tended to be narrow gauge. Most of the original track in Ohio was built in <a href="/wiki/Four_foot_ten_inch_gauge_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Four foot ten inch gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">4 ft 10 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,473 mm</span>) <span class="nowrap">Ohio gauge</span>, and special "compromise cars" were able to run on both this track and standard gauge track.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1848, Ohio passed a law stating "The width of the track or gauge of all roads under this act, shall be four feet ten inches between the rails."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When American railroads' track extended to the point that they began to interconnect, it became clear that a single nationwide gauge was desirable. </p><p>Six-foot-gauge railroads (<a href="/wiki/Erie_Gauge_War" title="Erie Gauge War"><span class="nowrap">6 ft</span></a> [<span class="nowrap">1,829 mm</span>]) had developed a large regional following in <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a> in the first part of the 19th century, due to the influence of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_Erie_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="New York and Erie Railroad">New York and Erie</a>, one of the early pioneering railroads in America, chartered in 1832, with its first section opening in 1841. The builders and promoters decided that a six-foot track gauge would be needed for locomotives to be larger and more powerful than were in general use at the time, for pulling very large trains. Also the six-foot gauge provided greater stability, and the New York and Erie would operate passenger cars up to 11 feet (3.4 m) wide. Building westward from the Hudson River, it eventually reached Lake Erie, establishing a mainline longer than 400 miles (640 km) providing a shortcut to the <a href="/wiki/American_Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="American Midwest">American Midwest</a> region from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> vicinity, and helping spawn a regional network of six-foot-gauge railroads almost exclusively within New York State. </p><p>Many early New York railways were Erie railroad-built branch lines, while others were independent railroads that wanted to partner and interchange with the Erie. These included the Walkill Valley, the Albany and Susquehanna (later part of the Delaware and Hudson); the Elmira, Jefferson & Canandaigua (later the Northern Central, becoming part of the Pennsylvania Railroad); the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western mainline (which also had a significant amount of trackage in Pennsylvania); predecessor lines of the New York and Oswego Midland (later the New York, Ontario, and Western); and the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls (later becoming part of the New York Central railroad's <i>Peanut Route</i> along the shoreline of Lake Ontario). However, by the late 1870s, the trend was inevitable, and conversion to standard gauge began, some lines first becoming "dual gauged" with the addition of a third running rail. Between 1876 and 1880, most of the remaining six-foot gauge trackage was converted.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1886, the railways in the Southern United States agreed to coordinate changing gauge on all their tracks. After considerable debate and planning, most of the southern rail network was converted from <span class="nowrap">5 ft</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span>) gauge to <span class="nowrap">4 ft 9 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,448 mm</span>) gauge, nearly the standard of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a>, over two days beginning on 31 May 1886. Over a period of 36 hours, tens of thousands of workers pulled the spikes from the west rail of all the broad-gauge lines in the South, moved them 3 in (76 mm) east and spiked them back in place. The new gauge was close enough that standard-gauge equipment could run on it without difficulty. By June 1886, all major railroads in North America were using approximately the same gauge. The final conversion to true standard gauge took place gradually as track was maintained.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some North American <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> (streetcar) lines intentionally deviated from standard gauge. This may have been to make the tram companies less tempting targets for takeovers by the steam railways (or competing tram companies), which would be unable to run their trains over the tram tracks.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_trolley_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania trolley gauge">Pennsylvania trolley gauge</a> of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><a href="/wiki/Five_foot_two_and_a_half_inch_gauge_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Five foot two and a half inch gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,588 mm</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is still used on the <a href="/wiki/Streetcars_in_New_Orleans" title="Streetcars in New Orleans">streetcars in New Orleans</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Light_Rail" title="Pittsburgh Light Rail">Pittsburgh Light Rail</a> system. This gauge was also used for the now defunct <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Railways" title="Pittsburgh Railways">Pittsburgh Railways</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Penn_Railways" title="West Penn Railways">West Penn Railways</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Streetcars_in_Cincinnati" title="Streetcars in Cincinnati">trams in Cincinnati</a>. Similar <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Subway%E2%80%93Surface_Trolley_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="SEPTA Subway–Surface Trolley Lines"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,581 mm</span>) gauge is used in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> on <a href="/wiki/SEPTA" title="SEPTA">SEPTA</a> routes, <a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Route_15" title="SEPTA Route 15">15</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Media%E2%80%93Sharon_Hill_Line" title="Media–Sharon Hill Line">Media–Sharon Hill Line</a>, the <a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Subway%E2%80%93Surface_Trolley_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="SEPTA Subway–Surface Trolley Lines">Subway–Surface Trolleys</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Market%E2%80%93Frankford_Line" title="Market–Frankford Line">Market–Frankford Line</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a> (BART) system in the San Francisco Bay Area was opened in 1972 with <a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>) gauge. The system has been extended multiple times since then, using new railcars custom built with this non-standard gauge. </p><p>The use of a non-standard gauge precludes interoperability of rolling stock on railway networks. On the British <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a> the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">7 ft <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">2,140 mm</span>) gauge was supposed to allow high speed, but the company had difficulty with locomotive design in the early years, losing much of the advantage, and rapid advances in <a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">railway track</a> and suspension technology allowed standard-gauge speeds to approach broad-gauge speeds within a decade or two. On the <span class="nowrap">5 ft 3 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,600 mm</span>) and <span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>) gauges, the extra width allowed bigger inside cylinders and greater power, a problem solvable by using outside cylinders and higher steam pressure on standard gauge. In the end, the most powerful engines on standard gauge in North America and Scandinavia far exceeded the power of any early broad-gauge locomotive, but then met limits set by other factors such as the capacity of manual stoking, the axle (and total) locomotive weight that would trigger upgrades to the rails and bridges, the maximum wheelbase and/or boiler length compatible with an individual route's curves. </p><p>In the 1930s German engineering studies focused on a <a href="/wiki/Breitspurbahn" title="Breitspurbahn">Breitspurbahn</a> system of railways of 3 meter gauge to serve Hitler's future German Empire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_Speed_Rail">High Speed Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: High Speed Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spain uses standard gauge track for its high speed railways in order to provide cross-border services with France and the rest of Western Europe, but runs high speed trains on its legacy broad gauge network at 200 km/h (120 mph) and are developing trains to travel at speeds in excess of 250 km/h (160 mph). Russia uses a modified <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Velaro" title="Siemens Velaro">Siemens Velaro</a> High Speed Train on its flagship <a href="/wiki/Sapsan" title="Sapsan">St Petersburg to Moscow service</a> at 250 km/h (160 mph) and can run at 350 km/h (220 mph) on dedicated track. The country is planning to build its portion of the Beijing to Moscow high speed railway in broad gauge. Finland uses a modified <a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Alstom pendolino</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Allegro_(train)" title="Allegro (train)">Allegro service</a> to Helsinki at 220 km/h (140 mph). Uzbekistan uses a modified <a href="/wiki/Talgo_250" class="mw-redirect" title="Talgo 250">Talgo 250</a> on the Tashkent–Bukhara high-speed rail line at 250 km/h (160 mph). </p><p>South Asia primarily uses the broad gauge for its passenger rail services and the fastest broad gauge train presently in the region is the Indian Railways' <a href="/wiki/Vande_Bharat_Express" title="Vande Bharat Express">Vande Bharat Express (a.k.a. Train 18)</a>. During one of the trial runs, the Vande Bharat Express achieved a peak speed of 180 km/h (110 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sustained speeds of this train is considerably lower, with a peak operational speed of 160 km/h<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an average speed of 95 km/h, due to track limitations. Indian Railways has plans to introduce a higher speed <a href="/wiki/Vande_Bharat_(sleeper_trainset)" title="Vande Bharat (sleeper trainset)">Vande Bharat sleeper train</a> that is capable of 200 km/h, but the project has encountered delays stemming from bids for rolling-stocks with poor local sourcing.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of semi high speed railway projects using broad gauge tracks are being planned or built in the region, with sustained speeds of 200 km/h with future-proofing for 250 km/h. India's <a href="/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Ahmedabad_high-speed_rail_corridor" title="Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor">current high speed railway project</a> is being built on the standard gauge due to limitations imposed by the Japanese consortium funding the project, however the feasibility reports by both the French and German consultants preferred a broad gauge high speed railway. These European reports stated that the additional costs of train procurement, due to the essential modifications of the rolling-stock for the broad gauge, from European rolling-stock manufacturers such as <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> or <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> would be softened through a large minimum order size of at least thirty train sets. A considerable debate has continued about the suitability of the high speed rail on standard gauge for the Indian travel demands and the possible exclusion of the existing rail network in India.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recent discussions around the <a href="/wiki/K-rail" class="mw-redirect" title="K-rail">Kerala semi-high speed rail</a> has highlighted the limitations of high speed rail on broad gauge. Since most of the global high speed rail infrastructure is built using the standard gauge, the cost benefits of using off-the-shelf rolling-stocks with minimal customizations and the availability of extensive, well proven technical know-how, are significant factors in favor of the high speed rail on the standard gauge over the broad gauge, for cost sensitive rail markets in South Asia, especially in India.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gauges">Gauges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gauges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_track_gauges#Broad_gauge" title="List of track gauges">List of broad gauges, by gauge and country</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4_ft_10+7⁄8_in_gauge"><span id="4_ft_10.2B7.E2.81.848_in_gauge"></span>4 ft <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in gauge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in gauge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Toronto-gauge_railways" title="Toronto-gauge railways">Toronto-gauge railways</a></div> <p>This gauge is used by the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_streetcar_system#Track_gauge" title="Toronto streetcar system">Toronto streetcar system</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_subway#Track" title="Toronto subway">Toronto subway</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge">5 ft and 1520 mm gauge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 5 ft and 1520 mm gauge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways">5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways</a></div> <p>This gauge was first used in the United Kingdom and the United States before it became the standard gauge for most railways in the former Soviet Union. </p><p>Russian gauge or CIS gauge <span class="nowrap">1,520 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>) is the second most widely used gauge in the world, and spans the whole of the former Soviet Union/<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a> bloc including the Baltic states and Mongolia. Finland uses <span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft</span>). The difference is clearly lower than the tolerance margin, so through running is feasible. Care must be taken when servicing international trains because the wear profile of the wheels differs from that of trains that run on domestic tracks only. </p><p>When the Finnish rail network was founded in 1862, Finland was the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a>, an autonomic state ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a>. The first border crossing railway to Russia was opened in 1870, while the first to Sweden was not until 1919, so railways were built to the broad Russian <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">track gauge</a> of <span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft</span>). In Russia, this gauge was re-standardized to <span class="nowrap">1,520 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>) during the 1960s. Finland retained the original gauge with no re-standardisation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5_ft_3_in_gauge">5 ft 3 in gauge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 5 ft 3 in gauge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways">5 ft 3 in gauge railways</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farranfore_train_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Farranfore_train_station.jpg/220px-Farranfore_train_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Farranfore_train_station.jpg/330px-Farranfore_train_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Farranfore_train_station.jpg/440px-Farranfore_train_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Irish <span class="nowrap">5 ft 3 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,600 mm</span>) broad gauge tracks</figcaption></figure> <p>As part of the railway gauge standardisation considered by the United Kingdom Parliamentary Gauge Commission, Ireland was allocated its own gauge, Irish gauge. Ireland then had three gauges, and the new standard would be a fourth. </p><p>The Irish gauge of <span class="nowrap">1,600 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft 3 in</span>) is used in Ireland and parts of <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Railways" title="South Australian Railways">Australia</a> and Brazil. A problem with the Irish Gauge in Australia is that it is only <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">165 mm (<span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) wider than the <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> used in other parts of Australia, principally <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. Therefore, it is not considered advisable to use a third rail to allow dual-gauge operation on mainline sections of track, because of the danger of material lodging between the two rails.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been argument for well over a century about the practicability of third rail operation, and numerous devices have been promoted to overcome the problem, especially at turnouts, including the "Brennan Switch".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5_ft_4+1⁄2_in"><span id="5_ft_4.2B1.E2.81.842_in"></span>5 ft <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 5 ft 4+1⁄2 in"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Streetcar_Museum#Streetcar_service" title="Baltimore Streetcar Museum">Baltimore Streetcar Museum § Streetcar service</a></div> <p>This gauge was once used by the <a href="/wiki/United_Railways_and_Electric_Company" title="United Railways and Electric Company">United Railways and Electric Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_MTA_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of MTA Maryland">MTA Maryland</a> and is now used only by the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Streetcar_Museum#Streetcar_service" title="Baltimore Streetcar Museum">Baltimore Streetcar Museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iberian_gauge">Iberian gauge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Iberian gauge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">Iberian gauge</a></div> <p>As finally established, the Iberian gauge of <span class="nowrap">1,668 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">21</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>) is a compromise between the similar, but slightly different, gauges first adopted as respective national standards in Spain and Portugal in the mid-19th century. The main railway networks of Spain were initially constructed to a <span class="nowrap">1,672 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">13</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in</span>) gauge of six Castilian feet. Those of Portugal were initially built in standard gauge, but by 1864 were all <a href="/wiki/Gauge_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge conversion">converted</a> to a <span class="nowrap">1,664 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>) gauge of five Portuguese feet – close enough to allow interoperability in practice.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed network</a> in Spain and Portugal uses standard gauge. The dual-gauge high-speed train <a href="/wiki/RENFE_Class_130" class="mw-redirect" title="RENFE Class 130">RENFE Class 130</a> can change gauge at low speed without stopping. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5_ft_6_in_gauge">5 ft 6 in gauge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 5 ft 6 in gauge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway">5 ft 6 in gauge railway</a></div> <p>The <span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>) gauge was first used in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotch_gauge#5_ft_6_in_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch gauge">Scotland</a> for two short, isolated lines, the <a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Arbroath_Railway" title="Dundee and Arbroath Railway">Dundee and Arbroath Railway</a> (1836-1847) and the <a href="/wiki/Arbroath_and_Forfar_Railway" title="Arbroath and Forfar Railway">Arbroath and Forfar Railway</a> (1838- ). Both the lines were subsequently converted to <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> and connected to the Scottish rail network. </p><p>Later this gauge was adopted as a standard for many British colonies such as <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">Province of Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>. </p><p>In 1851, the <span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>) broad gauge was officially adopted as the standard gauge for the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a>, becoming known as the <i>Provincial gauge</i>, and government subsidies were unavailable for railways that chose other gauges. In the 1870s, mainly between 1872 and 1874, Canadian broad-gauge lines were <a href="/wiki/Gauge_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge conversion">changed</a> to standard gauge to facilitate interchange and the exchange of rolling stock with American railways. Today, all Canadian railways are standard-gauge. </p><p>In US, this gauge was adopted for many lines, but soon fell out in favour of standard gauge. Today, only California's <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a> (BART) uses this gauge. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> freight railways were built in initial period, though they were dismantled later. Later, in the 1850s, the gauge of <span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>) was adopted as standard for the nationwide network. Attempts to economize on the cost of construction led to the adoption of <span class="nowrap">1,000 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>) gauge and then <span class="nowrap">2 ft 6 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">762 mm</span>) and <span class="nowrap">2 ft</span> (<span class="nowrap">610 mm</span>) <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow gauges</a> for many secondary and branch lines. In the later part of the 20th century, due to interchangeability and maintenance issue, the railways in each of the countries in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a> began to convert all <a href="/wiki/Metre-gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre-gauge">metre-gauge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow-gauge">narrow-gauge</a> lines to this gauge. Today, the nationwide rail network in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> is entirely on this gauge, whereas <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Project_Unigauge" title="Project Unigauge">Project Unigauge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> are still undergoing gauge conversion. </p><p>This gauge is the widest gauge in regular passenger use in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broader_gauges">Broader gauges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Broader gauges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_1._Logging_engine.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/View_1._Logging_engine.tif/lossy-page1-220px-View_1._Logging_engine.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/View_1._Logging_engine.tif/lossy-page1-330px-View_1._Logging_engine.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/View_1._Logging_engine.tif/lossy-page1-440px-View_1._Logging_engine.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6544" data-file-height="4855" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gualala_River_Railroad" title="Gualala River Railroad">Gualala River Railroad</a> with broad gauge track and locomotive number 2, <i>S.H. Harmon</i></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States#6_ft_(1,829_mm)_gauge" title="Track gauge in the United States">Some railways in the United States</a> were laid with a gauge of <span class="nowrap">6 ft</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,829 mm</span>). The <a href="/wiki/Gualala_River_Railroad" title="Gualala River Railroad">Gualala River Railroad</a> operated <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5 feet <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches (1,740 mm) tracks for a <a href="/wiki/Logging_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Logging railroad">logging railroad</a>. </p><p>Some industrial uses require still broader gauges, such as: </p> <ul><li>Large <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescopes</a> and telescope arrays.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_pad" title="Launch pad">Launch pads</a> – The <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> use double-track railway to move rockets and supporting equipment at launch sites<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with exceptions such as the <a href="/wiki/Rocket_launch" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket launch">rocket launches</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>, which use <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">caterpillar tracks</a> on a river stone roadbed because other solutions cannot support the loads required).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gantry_crane" title="Gantry crane">Gantry crane</a> for unloading cargo from ships, loading cargo onto ships and for constructing ships.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">Funiculars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incline_elevator" class="mw-redirect" title="Incline elevator">Incline elevator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canal_inclined_plane" title="Canal inclined plane">Canal inclined plane</a>, for transportation on sloped way.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gallery">Gallery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Very broad gauges</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_Australia_Telescope,_Narrabri_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Broad gauge track for CSIRO Australia Telescope in Narrabri"><img alt="Broad gauge track for CSIRO Australia Telescope in Narrabri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/CSIRO_Australia_Telescope%2C_Narrabri_1.JPG/450px-CSIRO_Australia_Telescope%2C_Narrabri_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/CSIRO_Australia_Telescope%2C_Narrabri_1.JPG/675px-CSIRO_Australia_Telescope%2C_Narrabri_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/CSIRO_Australia_Telescope%2C_Narrabri_1.JPG/900px-CSIRO_Australia_Telescope%2C_Narrabri_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Broad gauge track for <a href="/wiki/Australia_Telescope_National_Facility" title="Australia Telescope National Facility">CSIRO Australia Telescope</a> in <a href="/wiki/Narrabri" title="Narrabri">Narrabri</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_in_Boston_dry_dock_from_viewing_stand.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dockside crane on wide gauge tracks at the former South Boston Naval Annex's Dry Dock Number 3"><img alt="Dockside crane on wide gauge tracks at the former South Boston Naval Annex's Dry Dock Number 3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/USNS_Comfort_in_Boston_dry_dock_from_viewing_stand.JPG/400px-USNS_Comfort_in_Boston_dry_dock_from_viewing_stand.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/USNS_Comfort_in_Boston_dry_dock_from_viewing_stand.JPG/600px-USNS_Comfort_in_Boston_dry_dock_from_viewing_stand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/USNS_Comfort_in_Boston_dry_dock_from_viewing_stand.JPG/800px-USNS_Comfort_in_Boston_dry_dock_from_viewing_stand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dockside crane on wide gauge tracks at the former <a href="/wiki/South_Boston_Naval_Annex" title="South Boston Naval Annex">South Boston Naval Annex</a>'s Dry Dock Number 3</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaprun_-_L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lärchwandschrägaufzug in Kaprun, Austria has a gauge of 8,200 mm (26 ft 10+27⁄32 in)"><img alt="The Lärchwandschrägaufzug in Kaprun, Austria has a gauge of 8,200 mm (26 ft 10+27⁄32 in)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kaprun_-_L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug.JPG/450px-Kaprun_-_L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kaprun_-_L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug.JPG/675px-Kaprun_-_L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kaprun_-_L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug.JPG/900px-Kaprun_-_L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug" title="Lärchwandschrägaufzug">Lärchwandschrägaufzug</a> in Kaprun, Austria has a gauge of <span class="nowrap">8,200 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">26 ft <span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inclined_plane_at_Krasnoyarsk,_on_the_Yenisie_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Krasnoyarsk Dam's inclined plane is an electric rack railway having gauge of 9,000 mm (29 ft 6+5⁄16 in), making it the widest gauge railway of any type in the world"><img alt="The Krasnoyarsk Dam's inclined plane is an electric rack railway having gauge of 9,000 mm (29 ft 6+5⁄16 in), making it the widest gauge railway of any type in the world" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Inclined_plane_at_Krasnoyarsk%2C_on_the_Yenisie_River.jpg/400px-Inclined_plane_at_Krasnoyarsk%2C_on_the_Yenisie_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Inclined_plane_at_Krasnoyarsk%2C_on_the_Yenisie_River.jpg/600px-Inclined_plane_at_Krasnoyarsk%2C_on_the_Yenisie_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Inclined_plane_at_Krasnoyarsk%2C_on_the_Yenisie_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Dam" title="Krasnoyarsk Dam">Krasnoyarsk Dam</a>'s inclined plane is an electric rack railway having gauge of <span class="nowrap">9,000 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">29 ft <span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in</span>), making it the widest gauge railway of any type in the world</div> </li> </ul> <p>These applications might use double track of the country's usual gauge to provide the necessary stability and axle load. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These applications may also use much heavier than normal rails, the heaviest rails for trains being about 70 kg/m (141 lb/yd). Vehicles on these gauges generally operate at very low speeds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_train.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/47px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/62px-P_train.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Trains" title="Portal:Trains">Trains portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breitspurbahn" title="Breitspurbahn">Breitspurbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_track_gauges#Broad_gauge" title="List of track gauges">List of track gauges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_systems_by_gauge_and_electrification" title="List of tram systems by gauge and electrification">List of tram systems by gauge and electrification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_car-transfer_apparatus" title="Ramsey car-transfer apparatus">Ramsey car-transfer apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/uk.railway/browse_thread/thread/35efb993ac89d76e/448e3cbcb31fc2c2?lnk=gst&q=portland#">Connection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Up-Down-India-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Up-Down-India_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldandsold.com/articles25/railroads-41.shtml">"Railroads Asia – Up And Down India"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railroads+Asia+%E2%80%93+Up+And+Down+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldandsold.com%2Farticles25%2Frailroads-41.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irsff-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irsff_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indian Railways: Some Fascinating Facts, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moralvolcano.wordpress.com/2003/11/01/150-years-of-indian-railways/">"Train Atlas"</a>, <i>Train Atlas</i>, Indian Railways, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129054932/http://www.verkehrsrundschau.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=534635">"Verkehrsrundschau, April 30, 2007"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verkehrsrundschau.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=534635">the original</a> on 29 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verkehrsrundschau%2C+April+30%2C+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verkehrsrundschau.de%2Fsixcms%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D534635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelinside.ch/primus/notdArchiv.php?we_objectID=5380">Spanien: Bahn bis 2020 auf Normalspur</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TorStar-2010-01-06-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TorStar-2010-01-06_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalinowski2010" class="citation news cs1">Kalinowski, Tess (6 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2010/01/06/transit_city_measures_up_to_international_standard.html">"Transit City measures up to international standard"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130930021110/http://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2010/01/06/transit_city_measures_up_to_international_standard.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Transit+City+measures+up+to+international+standard&rft.date=2010-01-06&rft.aulast=Kalinowski&rft.aufirst=Tess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcity_hall%2F2010%2F01%2F06%2Ftransit_city_measures_up_to_international_standard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStover1995" class="citation book cs1">Stover, John F. (1995). <i>History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</i>. Purdue University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Baltimore+and+Ohio+Railroad&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Stover&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1868" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Geo. B. (1868). <i>Annual Report of the Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraphs to the Governor of the State of Ohio for the Year Ending June 30, 1868</i>. Google Books: State of Ohio. p. 329.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Commissioner+of+Railroads+and+Telegraphs+to+the+Governor+of+the+State+of+Ohio+for+the+Year+Ending+June+30%2C+1868.&rft.place=Google+Books&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=State+of+Ohio&rft.date=1868&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Geo.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crookedlakereview.com/articles/136_150/147apr2008/147palmer3.html">The Day They Changed the Gauge on the D.L.& W. by Richard Palmer</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southern.railfan.net/ties/1966/66-8/gauge.html">"The Days They Changed the Gauge"</a>. southern.railfan.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Days+They+Changed+the+Gauge&rft.pub=southern.railfan.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsouthern.railfan.net%2Fties%2F1966%2F66-8%2Fgauge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbusrailroads.com/track%20gauge.htm">"Columbus' Streetcar Track Gauge: 5'2" vs 4'8 1/2"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Columbus Railroads</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbus+Railroads&rft.atitle=Columbus%27+Streetcar+Track+Gauge%3A+5%272%22+vs+4%278+1%2F2%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbusrailroads.com%2Ftrack%2520gauge.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiltonDue2000" class="citation book cs1">Hilton, George W.; Due, John Fitzgerald (1 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J2zH-zcuU-MC&pg=PA51"><i>The Electric Interurban Railways in America</i></a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4014-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4014-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-4014-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>. <q>Worst of all, not all city systems were built to the standard American and European gauge of 4'-8<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>". Pittsburgh and most other Pennsylvania cities used 5'-2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>", which became known as the Pennsylvania trolley gauge. Cincinnati used 5'-2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>", Philadelphia 5'-2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub>", Columbus 5'-2", Altoona 5'-3", Louisville and Camden 5'-0", Canton and Pueblo 4'-0", Denver, Tacoma, and Los Angeles 3'-6", Toronto an odd 4'-10<sup>7</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub>", and Baltimore a vast 5'-4<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Electric+Interurban+Railways+in+America&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-4014-2&rft.aulast=Hilton&rft.aufirst=George+W.&rft.au=Due%2C+John+Fitzgerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ2zH-zcuU-MC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-fastest-train-vande-bharat-achieves-130-kmph-speed-during-inaugural-run/articleshow/68014632.cms">"Vande Bharat Express: India's fastest train Vande Bharat achieves 130 kmph speed during inaugural run"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 15 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Vande+Bharat+Express%3A+India%27s+fastest+train+Vande+Bharat+achieves+130+kmph+speed+during+inaugural+run&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Findias-fastest-train-vande-bharat-achieves-130-kmph-speed-during-inaugural-run%2Farticleshow%2F68014632.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-indias-11th-vande-bharat-express-from-bhopal-delhi-dashes-at-speed-of-161-kmph-know-connecting-routes-frequency-and-significance-3030826/">"India's 11th Vande Bharat Express from Bhopal-Delhi dashes at speed of 161 kmph! Know connecting routes, frequency and significance"</a>. <i>Financialexpress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financialexpress&rft.atitle=India%E2%80%99s+11th+Vande+Bharat+Express+from+Bhopal-Delhi+dashes+at+speed+of+161+kmph%21+Know+connecting+routes%2C+frequency+and+significance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Fbusiness%2Frailways-indias-11th-vande-bharat-express-from-bhopal-delhi-dashes-at-speed-of-161-kmph-know-connecting-routes-frequency-and-significance-3030826%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/train-20-after-shatabdis-indian-railways-to-replace-rajdhani-express-with-world-class-160-kmph-train-sets/1273814/">"Train 20: World-class semi-high speed train sets to replace Indian Railways Rajdhani Express; know about them"</a>. <i>Financialexpress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financialexpress&rft.atitle=Train+20%3A+World-class+semi-high+speed+train+sets+to+replace+Indian+Railways+Rajdhani+Express%3B+know+about+them&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Finfrastructure%2Frailways%2Ftrain-20-after-shatabdis-indian-railways-to-replace-rajdhani-express-with-world-class-160-kmph-train-sets%2F1273814%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas" class="citation web cs1">Das, Mamuni. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/india-must-adopt-broad-gauge-for-highspeed-rail-siemens-mobility/article7781040.ece">"India must adopt broad gauge for high-speed rail: Siemens Mobility"</a>. <i>@businessline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%40businessline&rft.atitle=India+must+adopt+broad+gauge+for+high-speed+rail%3A+Siemens+Mobility&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Mamuni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fcompanies%2Findia-must-adopt-broad-gauge-for-highspeed-rail-siemens-mobility%2Farticle7781040.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i17LzFvmkE4"><i>സിൽവർ ലൈൻ പദ്ധതിയിൽ ഒന്നും മറച്ചു വയ്ക്കാനില്ല | K-Rail MD Ajith Kumar | Straight Line EP 440</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC+%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82+%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2+%7C+K-Rail+MD+Ajith+Kumar+%7C+Straight+Line+EP+440&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Di17LzFvmkE4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3739409">"Third Rail System: Increased Danger Alleged"</a>. <i>The Argus</i>. Melbourne. 12 March 1926<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=Third+Rail+System%3A+Increased+Danger+Alleged&rft.date=1926-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article3739409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15587726">"Break of Gauge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. National Library of Australia. 13 April 1915. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Break+of+Gauge.&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1915-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article15587726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apac.cp.pt/hist_cp.htm">Pequena História dos Caminhos de Ferro em Portugal.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080327081535/http://apac.cp.pt/hist_cp.htm">Archived</a> 27 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New York Times Magazine</i>, 11 May 2008, p. 65</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadgauge.org.uk/">Broad Gauge Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadgauge.co.uk/">Brunel's Broad Gauge Railways</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205185702/http://jwr.janes.com/public/jwr/index.shtml">Jane's World Railways</a> (hard copy)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parovoz.com/spravka/gauges-e.html">"Railroad Gauge Width"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railroad+Gauge+Width&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparovoz.com%2Fspravka%2Fgauges-e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroad-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ikbrunel.org.uk/">Brunel portal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_track_gauges" title="List of track gauges">list</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minimum-gauge_railway#Installations" title="Minimum-gauge railway">Minimum-gauge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway#Minimum-gauge_railways" title="Ridable miniature railway">Minimum-gauge railways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifteen-inch_gauge_railway" title="Fifteen-inch gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">15 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">381 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/400_mm_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="400 mm gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">400 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap"><span class="frac">15<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ridable_miniature_railways#16_in" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ridable miniature railways"><span class="nowrap">16 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">406 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_in_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="18 in gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">18 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">457 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_in_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="19 in gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">19 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">483 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_mm_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="500 mm gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">500 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap"><span class="frac">19<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">508 mm</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">533 mm</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">1 ft 10 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">559 mm</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_ft_and_600_mm_gauge_railways" title="2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways">2 foot and 600 mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_2_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="List of 2 ft 3 in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">2 ft 3 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">686 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/750_mm_gauge_railways" title="750 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">750 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">2 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian gauge"><span class="nowrap">760 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">2 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">15</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="2 ft 6 in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">2 ft 6 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">762 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/800_mm_gauge_railways" title="800 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">800 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">2 ft <span class="frac">7<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">891 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">2 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_three_foot_gauge_railways" title="Swedish three foot gauge railways">Swedish three foot</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/900_mm_gauge_railways" title="900 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">900 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">2 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_ft_gauge_railways" title="3 ft gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">3 ft</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">914 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Italy" title="Track gauge in Italy"><span class="nowrap">950 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>) <a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railways_in_Italy#Italian_metre-gauge_lines_(950_mm)" title="Narrow-gauge railways in Italy">Italian metre gauge</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1,000 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway"><span class="nowrap">1,050 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">11</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_for_Rail_Transport" title="National Company for Rail Transport"><span class="nowrap">1,055 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="3 ft 6 in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">3 ft 6 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,067 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ping%E2%80%93Uttersberg%E2%80%93Riddarhyttan_Railway" title="Köping–Uttersberg–Riddarhyttan Railway"><span class="nowrap">1,093 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">3 ft 7 in</span>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa_Tram" title="Santa Teresa Tram"><span class="nowrap">1,100 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">7<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in</span>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway#Four_foot_and_1200_mm_gauge" title="Narrow-gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">1,200 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_foot_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Four foot gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">4 ft</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,219 mm</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 ft 1 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,245 mm</span>), <a href="/wiki/Middleton_Railway" title="Middleton Railway">Middleton Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="4 ft 6 in gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">4 ft 6 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,372 mm</span>), Scotch gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Newtyle_Railway" title="Dundee and Newtyle Railway"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,384 mm</span>), Scotch gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Corporation_Tramways" title="Glasgow Corporation Tramways"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">7<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,416 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_ft_8_in_gauge_railways" title="4 ft 8 in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">4 ft 8 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,422 mm</span>), almost standard gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro_rolling_stock" title="Washington Metro rolling stock"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,429 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway#Modern_almost_standard_gauge_railways" title="Standard-gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">1,432 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway" title="Standard-gauge railway">Standard gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span></a> / <span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span>, Stephenson gauge</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Broad gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Moritz%E2%80%93Corviglia_funicular" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Moritz–Corviglia funicular"><span class="nowrap">1,440 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">11</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Italy" title="Track gauge in Italy"><span class="nowrap">1,445 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dresden" title="Trams in Dresden"><span class="nowrap">1,450 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">9<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_and_Mahoning_Valley_Railroad" title="Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railroad"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">9<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,457 mm</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Leipzig" title="Trams in Leipzig"><span class="nowrap">1,458 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">9<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">13</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto-gauge_railways" title="Toronto-gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,495 mm</span>), Toronto gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">5 ft</span> / <span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span> and <span class="nowrap">1,520 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>), Russian gauge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Subway%E2%80%93Surface_Trolley_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="SEPTA Subway–Surface Trolley Lines"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span></a> / <span class="nowrap">1,581 mm</span> and <a href="/wiki/Five_foot_two_and_a_half_inch_gauge_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Five foot two and a half inch gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span></a> / <span class="nowrap">1,588 mm</span>, Pennsylvania gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">5 ft 3 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,600 mm</span>), Irish gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_ft_4%C2%BD_in_gauge_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="5 ft 4½ in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,638 mm</span>), Baltimore gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge"><span class="nowrap">1,668 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">21</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>), Iberian gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>), Indian gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Arend_(locomotive)" title="De Arend (locomotive)"><span class="nowrap">1,945 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">6 ft <span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">9</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in</span>), De Arend</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-foot-%C2%BC-inch_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="7-foot-¼-inch gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">7 ft <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">2,140 mm</span>), Brunel gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitspurbahn" title="Breitspurbahn"><span class="nowrap">3,000 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">9 ft <span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>), Breitspurbahn</li> <li><span class="nowrap">8,200 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">26 ft <span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>), <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug" title="Lärchwandschrägaufzug">Lärchwandschrägaufzug</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9,000 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">29 ft <span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in</span>), <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_ship_lift" title="Krasnoyarsk ship lift">Krasnoyarsk ship lift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List of track gauge articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_track_gauges" title="List of track gauges">List of track gauges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_systems_by_gauge_and_electrification" title="List of tram systems by gauge and electrification">List of tram track gauges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway#Miniature_railways" title="Ridable miniature railway">Miniature railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway#Minimum-gauge_railways" title="Ridable miniature railway">Minimum-gauge railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway#Large_amusement_railways" title="Ridable miniature railway">Large amusement railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gauge differences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogie_exchange" title="Bogie exchange">Bogie exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_of_gauge" title="Break of gauge">Break of gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">Dual gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">Gauge conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gauge_conversions" title="List of gauge conversions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_gauge" title="Variable gauge">Variable gauge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport mode</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_systems_by_gauge_and_electrification" title="List of tram systems by gauge and electrification">Tram and light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit_track_gauge" title="Rapid transit track gauge">Rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway" title="Ridable miniature railway">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_modelling_scales" title="Rail transport modelling scales">Scale model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_country" title="Category:Track gauges by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_imperial_unit" title="Category:Track gauges by imperial unit">by imperial units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_metric_unit" title="Category:Track gauges by metric unit">by metric units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_name" title="Category:Track gauges by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_track_gauges" title="Category:Lists of track gauges">lists of track gauges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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