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<span>War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Second phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploits_of_Abdur_Rahman_Khan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploits_of_Abdur_Rahman_Khan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Exploits of Abdur Rahman Khan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploits_of_Abdur_Rahman_Khan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayub_Khan's_rebellion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayub_Khan's_rebellion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Ayub Khan's rebellion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayub_Khan's_rebellion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_battles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_battles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Timeline of battles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline_of_battles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Timeline of battles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_battles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1878" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1878"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>1878</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1878-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1879" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1879"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>1879</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1879-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1880" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1880"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>1880</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1880-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1881" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1881"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>1881</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1881-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Order of battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Anglo-Afghan War</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحرب الإنجليزية الأفغانية الثانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب الإنجليزية الأفغانية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_ingilis-%C9%99fqan_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si_(1878-1880)" title="İkinci ingilis-əfqan müharibəsi (1878-1880) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkinci ingilis-əfqan müharibəsi (1878-1880)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C_(%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B8-%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B8%DB%B0)" title="ایکینجی اینگیلیس-افغان ساواشی (۱۸۷۸-۱۸۸۰) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی اینگیلیس-افغان ساواشی (۱۸۷۸-۱۸۸۰)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="দ্বিতীয় ইঙ্গ-আফগান যুদ্ধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিতীয় ইঙ্গ-আফগান যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segona_guerra_anglo-afganesa" title="Segona guerra anglo-afganesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segona guerra anglo-afganesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweiter_Anglo-Afghanischer_Krieg" title="Zweiter Anglo-Afghanischer Krieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweiter Anglo-Afghanischer Krieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%84_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Β΄ Αγγλοαφγανικός Πόλεμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Β΄ Αγγλοαφγανικός Πόλεμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_guerra_anglo-afgana" title="Segunda guerra anglo-afgana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda guerra anglo-afgana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="جنگ دوم افغان و انگلیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ دوم افغان و انگلیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_guerre_anglo-afghane" title="Seconde guerre anglo-afghane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seconde guerre anglo-afghane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD-%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="제2차 영국-아프가니스탄 전쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 영국-아프가니스탄 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%B8-%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Երկրորդ անգլո-աֆղանական պատերազմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրորդ անգլո-աֆղանական պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="द्वितीय आंग्ल-अफ़ग़ान युद्ध – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्वितीय आंग्ल-अफ़ग़ान युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_anglo-afganistanski_rat" title="Drugi anglo-afganistanski rat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drugi anglo-afganistanski rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Britania_Raya%E2%80%93Afganistan_Kedua" title="Perang Britania Raya–Afganistan Kedua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Britania Raya–Afganistan Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_guerra_anglo-afghana" title="Seconda guerra anglo-afghana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda guerra anglo-afghana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95-%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="המלחמה האנגלו-אפגנית השנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המלחמה האנגלו-אפגנית השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A-%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7" title="ಎರಡನೆಯ ಆಂಗ್ಲೊ-ಆಫ್ಘಾನ್ ಯುದ್ಧ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎರಡನೆಯ ಆಂಗ್ಲೊ-ಆಫ್ಘಾನ್ ಯುದ್ಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მეორე ანგლო-ავღანური ომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეორე ანგლო-ავღანური ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrasis_angl%C5%B3%E2%80%93afgan%C5%B3_karas" title="Antrasis anglų–afganų karas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antrasis anglų–afganų karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="രണ്ടാം ആംഗ്ലോ-അഫ്ഗാൻ യുദ്ധം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രണ്ടാം ആംഗ്ലോ-അഫ്ഗാൻ യുദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Brits-Afghaanse_Oorlog" title="Tweede Brits-Afghaanse Oorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweede Brits-Afghaanse Oorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="第二次アングロ・アフガン戦争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第二次アングロ・アフガン戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_anglo-afghanske_krig" title="Andre anglo-afghanske krig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andre anglo-afghanske krig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Angloafgana" title="Segonda Guèrra Angloafgana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Segonda Guèrra Angloafgana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7" title="ਦੂਸਰਾ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਅਫਗਾਨ ਯੁੱਧ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੂਸਰਾ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਅਫਗਾਨ ਯੁੱਧ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دوسری اینگلو افغان جنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دوسری اینگلو افغان جنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%AC%DA%AF%DA%93%D9%87" title="د افغان-انگرېز دويمه جگړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د افغان-انگرېز دويمه جگړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_wojna_brytyjsko-afga%C5%84ska" title="II wojna brytyjsko-afgańska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II wojna brytyjsko-afgańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Anglo-Afeg%C3%A3" title="Segunda Guerra Anglo-Afegã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda Guerra Anglo-Afegã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Anglo-Afgan" title="Al Doilea Război Anglo-Afgan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Al Doilea Război Anglo-Afgan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вторая англо-афганская война – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вторая англо-афганская война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Други англо-авганистански рат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Други англо-авганистански рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toinen_afgaanisota" title="Toinen afgaanisota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toinen afgaanisota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andra_anglo-afghanska_kriget" title="Andra anglo-afghanska kriget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andra anglo-afghanska kriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இரண்டாம் ஆங்கிலேய ஆப்கானியப் போர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரண்டாம் ஆங்கிலேய ஆப்கானியப் போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._%C4%B0ngiliz-Afgan_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="II. İngiliz-Afgan Savaşı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. İngiliz-Afgan Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Друга англо-афганська війна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друга англо-афганська війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دوسری انگریز افغان جنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوسری انگریز افغان جنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_Anh-Afghanistan_l%E1%BA%A7n_th%E1%BB%A9_hai" title="Chiến tranh Anh-Afghanistan lần thứ hai – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh Anh-Afghanistan lần thứ hai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E2%80%94%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第二次英国—阿富汗战争 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第二次英国—阿富汗战争" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q233507#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Afghan_War&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
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.infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Second Anglo–Afghan War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Game" title="Great Game">Great Game</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Battle_in_Afghanistan.jpg/300px-Battle_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Battle_in_Afghanistan.jpg/450px-Battle_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Battle_in_Afghanistan.jpg/600px-Battle_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1006" /></a></span><br /><i><a href="/wiki/92nd_(Gordon_Highlanders)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot">92nd Highlanders</a> at Kandahar</i>. Oil by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr." title="Richard Caton Woodville Jr.">Richard Caton Woodville Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1878–1880</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Anglo-Afzalid victory<sup id="cite_ref-Schmidt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019382–383_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019382–383-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gandamak" title="Treaty of Gandamak">Treaty of Gandamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a> installed as <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> re-ceded to <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019378_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019378-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Districts of <a href="/wiki/Quetta_District" title="Quetta District">Quetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pishin_District" title="Pishin District">Pishin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sibi_District" title="Sibi District">Sibi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harnai_District" title="Harnai District">Harnai</a> & Thal Chotiali ceded to <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlood199620–21_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlood199620–21-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span> </p> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a></span></li></ul> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> Afzalids</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span data-sort-value="Afghanistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></p></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Browne" title="Sam Browne">Sir Sam Browne</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Sir Frederick Roberts</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Donald_Stewart,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Donald Stewart, 1st Baronet">Sir Donald Stewart</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pertab_Singh_of_Idar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertab Singh of Idar">Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> Sardar Sher Ali Khan</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes">#</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Mohammad Yaqub Khan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)" title="Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Ayub Khan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> Ghulam Haidar Khan</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p>Total: 10,000 dead<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobson2007297_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobson2007297-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1,850 <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a> or died of wounds</li> <li>8,000 died of diseases<sup id="cite_ref-Robson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p>Total fatalities are unknown </p> <ul><li>5,000+ killed in major battles<sup id="cite_ref-Robson_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Second Anglo-Afghan War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Second Anglo-Afghan War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Second Anglo-Afghan War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Second Anglo-Afghan War</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid" title="Battle of Ali Masjid">Ali Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peiwar_Kotal" title="Battle of Peiwar Kotal">Peiwar Kotal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kam_Dakka" title="Battle of Kam Dakka">Kam Dakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_British_Residency_in_Kabul" title="Siege of the British Residency in Kabul">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charasiab" title="Battle of Charasiab">1st Charasiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Sherpur_Cantonment" title="Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment">Sherpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ahmed_Khel" title="Battle of Ahmed Khel">Ahmed Khel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Charasiab" title="Second Battle of Charasiab">2nd Charasiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Maiwand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">Kandahar</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conflicts_in_Afghanistan_(1793–1973)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Conflicts_in_Afghanistan_(1793%E2%80%931973)" title="Template:Campaignbox Conflicts in Afghanistan (1793–1973)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Conflicts_in_Afghanistan_(1793%E2%80%931973)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Conflicts in Afghanistan (1793–1973)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Conflicts_in_Afghanistan_(1793%E2%80%931973)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Conflicts in Afghanistan (1793–1973)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conflicts_in_Afghanistan_(1793–1973)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Conflicts in Afghanistan (1793–1973)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1st Civil War</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilzai_Revolt_of_1801&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghilzai Revolt of 1801 (page does not exist)">1st Ghilzai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1803_Anti-Shia_riots_in_Kabul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1803 Anti-Shia riots in Kabul (page does not exist)">Chindawol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herati-Qajar_War_(1804)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herati-Qajar War (1804) (page does not exist)">1st Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herati-Qajar_War_(1807)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herati-Qajar War (1807) (page does not exist)">Shahda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nimla_(1809)" title="Battle of Nimla (1809)">Nimla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herati-Qajar_War_(1811)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herati-Qajar War (1811) (page does not exist)">3rd Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attock_(1813)" title="Battle of Attock (1813)">Attock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khorasan_Uprising_(1813-1818)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khorasan Uprising (1813-1818) (page does not exist)">4th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kafir_Qala" title="Battle of Kafir Qala">Kafir Qal'eh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Multan" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deposition_of_the_Sadozais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deposition of the Sadozais (page does not exist)">2nd Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Civil_War_(1818-1826)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghan Civil War (1818-1826) (page does not exist)">3rd Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shopian" title="Battle of Shopian">Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nowshera" title="Battle of Nowshera">Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herati_Civil_War_(1825-26)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herati Civil War (1825-26) (page does not exist)">5th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yazdanbakhsh" title="Mir Yazdanbakhsh">1st Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Herat_(1833)" title="Siege of Herat (1833)">6th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Shuja_ul-Mulk" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedition of Shuja ul-Mulk">1st Shuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad%27s_Campaign_to_Jalalabad_(1834)" title="Dost Mohammad's Campaign to Jalalabad (1834)">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peshawar_(1834)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Peshawar (1834)">Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jamrud" title="Battle of Jamrud">Jamrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Herat_War" title="First Herat War">7th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan_Campaign_of_1838-39" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Turkestan Campaign of 1838-39">1st Afghan Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">1st Britain, 2nd Shuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazarajat_Campaign_of_1843" title="Hazarajat Campaign of 1843">2nd Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabul-Kandahar_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabul-Kandahar War (page does not exist)">1st Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagab_Rebellion_(1846)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagab Rebellion (1846) (page does not exist)">Tagab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yar_Mohammad_Khan%27s_Invasion_of_the_Chahar_Wilayat_(1847-1850)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yar Mohammad Khan's Invasion of the Chahar Wilayat (1847-1850) (page does not exist)">1st Chahar Wilayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Conquest_of_Balkh" title="Afghan Conquest of Balkh">Balkh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herati-Kandahar_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herati-Kandahar War (page does not exist)">2nd Kandahar, 8th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Aqcha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Aqcha (page does not exist)">Aqcha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkestan_Revolts_of_1851-1856&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghan Turkestan Revolts of 1851-1856 (page does not exist)">2nd Afghan Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qajar_intervention_in_Herat_(1852)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qajar intervention in Herat (1852) (page does not exist)">9th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheberghan_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheberghan Rebellion (page does not exist)">Sheberghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Kandahar" title="Conquest of Kandahar">3rd Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Herat_War" title="Second Herat War">10th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maimana_Campaign_(1857)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maimana Campaign (1857) (page does not exist)">Maimana (1857)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khost_rebellion_(1856%E2%80%931857)" title="Khost rebellion (1856–1857)">1st Khost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Conquest_of_Kunduz" title="Afghan Conquest of Kunduz">Kunduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herat_campaign_of_1862%E2%80%931863" title="Herat campaign of 1862–1863">11th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1863%E2%80%931869)" title="Afghan Civil War (1863–1869)">2nd Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolt of Mohammad Yaqub Khan (page does not exist)">12th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Ayub_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolt of Ayub Khan (page does not exist)">13th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1875-76_Revolt_in_the_Chahar_Wilayat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1875-76 Revolt in the Chahar Wilayat (page does not exist)">2nd Chahar Wilayat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1881_Herat_Uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1881 Herat Uprising (page does not exist)">14th Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Civil_War_(1880-81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghan Civil War (1880-81) (page does not exist)">3rd Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Conquest_of_Maimana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghan Conquest of Maimana (page does not exist)">1st Maimana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1886-87_Great_Ghilzai_Uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1886-87 Great Ghilzai Uprising (page does not exist)">1st Ghilzai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Sardar_Mohammad_Ishaq_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolt of Sardar Mohammad Ishaq Khan (page does not exist)">2nd Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%931893_uprisings_of_Hazaras#First_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="1888–1893 uprisings of Hazaras">3rd Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%931893_uprisings_of_Hazaras#Second_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="1888–1893 uprisings of Hazaras">4th Hazara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uruzgan" title="Battle of Uruzgan">Uruzgan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1892_Maimana_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1892 Maimana Revolt (page does not exist)">2nd Maimana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%931893_uprisings_of_Hazaras#Third_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="1888–1893 uprisings of Hazaras">5th Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_Kafiristan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conquest of Kafiristan (page does not exist)">Kafiristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khost_rebellion_(1912)" title="Khost rebellion (1912)">2nd Khost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urtatagai_conflict_(1913)" title="Urtatagai conflict (1913)">1st Urtatagai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">3rd Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alizai_rebellion_of_1923" title="Alizai rebellion of 1923">Alizai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khost_rebellion_(1924%E2%80%931925)" title="Khost rebellion (1924–1925)">3rd Khost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urtatagai_conflict_(1925%E2%80%931926)" title="Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)">2nd Urtatagai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1928%E2%80%931929)" title="Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)">4th Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)">1st Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinwari_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinwari rebellion">Shinwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanullah_loyalism#Kuhistan_rebellion" title="Amanullah loyalism">1st Kuhistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhistan_rebellion_(July_1930)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuhistan rebellion (July 1930)">2nd Kuhistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1930)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)">2nd Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghilzai_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghilzai rebellion">2nd Ghilzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_tribal_revolts_of_1944%E2%80%931947" title="Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947">Tribal revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Hazara_Rebellion" title="1945 Hazara Rebellion">6th Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Hazara_Rebellion" title="1949 Hazara Rebellion">7th Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">Republican coup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Category:History of Afghanistan">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan" title="History of Afghanistan">History of <span class="fn org label">Afghanistan</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg/200px-Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg/300px-Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg/400px-Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Afghan_history" title="Timeline of Afghan history">Timeline</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Afghanistan" title="Ancient history of Afghanistan">Ancient</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2200–1800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">Oxus civilization</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2100–1800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gandhara_kingdom" title="Gandhara kingdom">Gandhara kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1500–535 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Median Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 728–550 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 550–330 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 330–312 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 312–150 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 305–180 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Bactrian kingdom">Greco-Bactrian kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 256–125 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 247 BC–224 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greek kingdom">Indo-Greek kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 180–90 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythian kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 155–80? BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 135 BC – 248 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_kingdom" title="Indo-Parthian kingdom">Indo-Parthian kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 20 BC – 50? AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 230–651</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kidarites" title="Kidarites">Kidarite kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 320–465</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rob" title="Kingdom of Rob">Rob</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Alchon Huns</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 380–560</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hephthalite Empire">Hephthalite Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 410–557</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nezak_Huns" title="Nezak Huns">Nezak Huns</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 484–711</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Kabul Shahi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 565–879</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Chaghaniyan" title="Principality of Chaghaniyan">Principality of Chaghaniyan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 7th–8th centuries</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 652–661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang China</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 660–669</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 660–842</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 661–750</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Zunbils" title="Zunbils">Zunbils</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 680–870</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Lawik_dynasty" title="Lawik dynasty">Lawik</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">750-977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 750–821</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 821–873</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 863–900</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 875–999</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 963–1187</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> before 879–1215</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1037–1194</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarezmids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1215–1231</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">Mongol Invasion</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1219–1226</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1226–1245</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qarlughids" title="Qarlughids">Qarlughids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1224–1266</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1256–1335</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kart_dynasty" title="Kart dynasty">Kartids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1245–1381</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1370–1507</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Arghun_dynasty" title="Arghun dynasty">Arghuns</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1520–1591</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1501–1738</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1510–1709</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Khanate" title="Kunduz Khanate">Kunduz Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> ?–1859</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hotak_dynasty" title="Hotak dynasty">Hotak dynasty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1709–1738</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sadozai_Sultanate_of_Herat" title="Sadozai Sultanate of Herat">Sadozai Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1716–1732</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1738–1747</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1823</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Maimana_Khanate" title="Maimana Khanate">Maimana Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1892</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Herat_(1793%E2%80%931863)" title="Herat (1793–1863)">Herat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1793–1863</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Qandahar" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Qandahar">Principality of Qandahar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1818–1855</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1823–1926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)">Saqqawist Emirate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1929</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1926–1973</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">Daoud coup</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1973</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Afghanistan_(1973%E2%80%931978)" title="Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)">Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1973–1978</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1978</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Democratic Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1978–1992</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1990_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Afghan coup d'état attempt">Tanai coup attempt</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic State of Afghanistan">Islamic State</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1992–1996</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1996–2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">US invasion</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic State of Afghanistan">Islamic State</a> (reinstated)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Interim_Administration" title="Afghan Interim Administration">Interim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Transitional_Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan">Transitional Administration</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2001–2004</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">politics</a>)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2004–2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Islamic Emirate</a> (reinstated)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <span style="font-size:85%;">since</span> 2021</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related historical regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_(region)" title="Aria (region)">Aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana" title="Ariana">Ariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabulistan" title="Kabulistan">Kabulistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafiristan" title="Kafiristan">Kafiristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushanshahr" title="Kushanshahr">Kushanshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paropamisadae" title="Paropamisadae">Paropamisadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabulistan" title="Zabulistan">Zabulistan</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Political history of Afghanistan">Political history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence_in_Afghanistan" title="Political violence in Afghanistan">Political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Afghanistan" title="Culture of Afghanistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of Afghanistan">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Afghanistan" title="Name of Afghanistan">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_(ethnonym)" title="Afghan (ethnonym)">Afghan (ethnonym)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Afghanistan" title="List of years in Afghanistan">List of years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Afghanistan" title="List of heads of state of Afghanistan">List of heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars in Afghanistan">Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Afghanistan" title="List of wars involving Afghanistan">List of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hinduism in Afghanistan">Hinduism history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_and_Buddhist_heritage_of_Afghanistan" title="Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Afghanistan">Hindu and Buddhist heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Jewish history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_of_Afghanistan" title="Muslim conquests of Afghanistan">Muslim conquests</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Category:History of Afghanistan">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Template:History of Afghanistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Template talk:History of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <p>The <b>Second Anglo-Afghan War</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>: جنگ دوم افغان و انگلیس, <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>: <span lang="ps" dir="rtl">د افغان-انګرېز دويمه جګړه</span>) was a military conflict fought between the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a> from 1878 to 1880, when the latter was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Barakzai dynasty</a>, the son of former <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> <a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dost Mohammad Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Dost Mohammad Khan</a>. The war was part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Game" title="Great Game">Great Game</a> between the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian empire">Russian</a> empires. </p><p>The war was split into two campaigns – the first began in November 1878 with the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a> invasion of Afghanistan from <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a>. The British were quickly victorious and forced the <a href="/wiki/Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir">Amir</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a> to flee. Ali's successor <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Mohammad Yaqub Khan</a> immediately sued for peace and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gandamak" title="Treaty of Gandamak">Treaty of Gandamak</a> was then signed on 26 May 1879. The British sent an envoy and mission led by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Cavagnari" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Cavagnari">Sir Louis Cavagnari</a> to Kabul, but on 3 September this mission was massacred and the conflict was reignited by <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Ayub Khan</a> which led to the <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdication</a> of his brother Yaqub.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a>, an opponent of the British, began distinguishing himself as a possible successor candidate to become the Amir of Afghanistan through his exploits in northern Afghanistan. Eventually after moving on <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, he was crowned and then later recognized by the British as the ruler of Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019378–379_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019378–379-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second campaign began when <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)" title="Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Ayub Khan</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, rebelled in July 1880 and marched on Kandahar, defeating the British at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">battle of Maiwand</a>. The campaign ended in September 1880 when the British <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">decisively defeated</a> Ayub Khan outside <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>. Abdur Rahman Khan, now the sole ruler, created the buffer the British wanted between the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Raj</a> and the Russian Empire. British and Indian soldiers then withdrew from Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarfield2010145_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarfield2010145-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <p>A significant political group in Afghanistan at the time were the Afzalids. The Afzalids were originally supporters of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Afzal_Khan" title="Mohammad Afzal Khan">Mohammad Afzal Khan</a> to the throne of Afghanistan during the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1863%E2%80%931869)" title="Afghan Civil War (1863–1869)">civil war on Dost Mohammad's succession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019326_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019326-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Afzalids were eventually defeated by <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a> but many fled in exile to <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> under the authority of <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a>, who was actively given asylum by the Russian government and brought worries to the British about a future pro-Russian claimant to the throne of Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019332_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019332-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On one such occasion, the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukharans</a> aided Muhammad Ishaq Khan, a son of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Azam_Khan" title="Mohammad Azam Khan">Mohammad Azam Khan</a>. He occupied <a href="/wiki/Aqcha" title="Aqcha">Aqcha</a>, but was later defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019334_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019334-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his defeat, the Afghan governor of <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>, Muhammad Khan, purged much of the province of Afzalid supporters, seizing lands and exacting imprisonment and execution on those thought to be sympathizers. Districts that had aided the rebellion faced hefty fines, and the rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Chahar_Wilayat" title="Chahar Wilayat">Chahar Wilayat</a> were mandatorily forced to re-affirm their allegiance to Sher Ali Khan by traveling to Kabul every year. In 1875, Husain Khan, the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Maimana_Khanate" title="Maimana Khanate">Maimana</a>, refused to honour his oath and executed several government officials, declaring allegiance under the ruler of Bukhara. The rebellion was quelled, however when the leaders of the insurrection were brought before Sher Ali, he refused to execute them in honour of their former oaths, and instead had Muhammad Khan killed. These circumstances of events brought further support to the Afzalids in Samarkand, with many Amirs of the Chahar Wilayat beginning to correspond with Abdur Rahman Khan and the Afzalid faction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019339–340_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019339–340-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After tension between Russia and Britain in Europe ended with the June 1878 <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a>, Russia turned its attention to Central Asia. That same summer, Russia sent an uninvited diplomatic mission to Kabul. <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Amir_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir of Afghanistan">Amir of Afghanistan</a>, tried unsuccessfully to keep them out. Russian envoys arrived in Kabul on 22 July 1878, and on 14 August, the British demanded that Sher Ali accept a British mission too.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200285–90_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200285–90-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British informed Sher Ali that a British mission would arrive in Kabul as well with or without his consent. However, as news of this arrived, Sher Ali's son and heir, Abdullah Jan had died. With mourning and the funeral taking place, nobody wished to show Sher Ali the British message. Eventually the message was revealed by his chamberlain. In a condolence message to Sher Ali, the British informed Sher Ali that the mission would leave Peshawar for Kabul in September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019356–357_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019356–357-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lord Lytton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">viceroy of India</a>, ordered a diplomatic mission to set out for Kabul in September 1878 but the mission was turned back as it approached the eastern entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber Pass</a>. A deadline was established for 20 November, where if a response was not given by the Afghan government, war would be declared. A day before the deadline, Sher Ali sent a messenger to Peshawar but failed to arrive on time, and turned away after news of the British invasion began.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200266–67_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200266–67-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019357–358_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019357–358-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War">War</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_phase">First phase</h3></div> <p>The first campaign began in November 1878 when a British force of about 50,000 fighting men, mostly Indians, was distributed into three military columns which penetrated Afghanistan at three different points. The British victories at the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid" title="Battle of Ali Masjid">Ali Masjid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peiwar_Kotal" title="Battle of Peiwar Kotal">Peiwar Kotal</a> meant that the approach to Kabul was left virtually undefended by Afghan troops.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An alarmed <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali</a> left for <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar-i-Sharif</a>. This was done in hopes of the British overstretching their armies in Afghanistan, and make it difficult for the British to occupy parts of southern Afghanistan for an indefinite period of time, as well as that the Afghan tribes would eventually rise up. Further drawing off of <a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan" title="Dost Mohammad Khan">Dost Mohammad Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Akbar_Khan" title="Wazir Akbar Khan">Wazir Akbar Khan</a>'s tactics in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a>. Mazar-i-Sharif was safe as well, with winter already ongoing, the British would be unable to pass the snow littered <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a>. Alongside this, over 15,000 Afghan soldiers were present in <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan" title="Afghan Turkestan">Afghan Turkestan</a>, which Sher Ali began preparing to assemble more men across Afghanistan. Sher Ali also attempted to appeal in person to the Russian Tsar for assistance, but he wasn't allowed to enter Russian territory, and their insistence was that he should seek terms of surrender from the British.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar-i-Sharif</a>, where his health began to suffer, leading to his death on 21 February 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanna1904150–155_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanna1904150–155-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019359–360_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019359–360-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before leaving for Afghan Turkestan, Sher Ali released the surviving governors of the <a href="/wiki/Chahar_Wilayat" title="Chahar Wilayat">Chahar Wilayat</a> that he had previously imprisoned. Upon Sher Ali's arrival to Mazar-i-Sharif, Sher Ali promised them the return of their states if they had assisted against the British in the war to come. Many of the governors, having been imprisoned for longer than a decade, all due to similar oaths being broken. As a result, seeing an opportunity to declare independence, Muhammad Khan, the former governor of <a href="/wiki/Sar-e_Pol,_Afghanistan" title="Sar-e Pol, Afghanistan">Sar-I-Pul</a>, alongside Husain Khan, the former governor of the <a href="/wiki/Maimana_Khanate" title="Maimana Khanate">Maimana Khanate</a>, all declared independence against Afghan rule, rallying their own armies and expelling Afghan garrisons. A wave of Turkmen raids also began into Afghan Turkestan as a result, seeing some 6,000 women being enslaved, with forces from Sher Ali to repel the raids being defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019359–360_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019359–360-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Sher Ali's death, a tumultuous period began over his succession. One of his sons, Muhammad Ali Khan, attempted to seize <a href="/wiki/Takhteh_Pol,_Afghanistan" title="Takhteh Pol, Afghanistan">Takhtapul</a>, however the garrison mutinied, forcing him to move south towards <a href="/wiki/Daizangi" title="Daizangi">Dai Zangi</a>, where he began assembling an army against Yaqub Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019364_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019364-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Yaqub Khan</a> was declared the new Amir, with many sardars that were thought to have ties with the Afzalid faction were imprisoned. In Mazar-i-Sharif, Yaqub Khan's son, Muhammad Musa, assembled a force and seized Takhtapul, sending the leader of the mutineers to Kabul, where he was executed. Ayub Khan, supporting his brother's succession, did not oppose him. However, much of the military forces and officers in <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> instead supported the Afzalids. Ayub Khan began facing anarchy in Herat, with much of the forces from the expelled from Maimana demanding payment. Ayub Khan sent numerous requests to Mazar-i-Sharif, imminently requesting aid in cash. Despite receiving funds, the troops began rioting, and were turned away by Ayub Khan towards Yaqub Khan, stating he would be capable of paying them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019360–364_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019360–364-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaty">Treaty</h3></div> <p>With British forces occupying <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, Sher Ali's son and successor, Yaqub Khan, signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gandamak" title="Treaty of Gandamak">Treaty of Gandamak</a> on 26 May 1879. According to this agreement and in return for an annual subsidy and vague assurances of assistance in case of foreign aggression, Yaqub relinquished control of Afghan foreign affairs to Britain. British representatives were installed in Kabul and other locations, and their control was extended to the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michni_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michni Pass (page does not exist)">Michni</a> passes, and Afghanistan ceded various <a href="/wiki/North-West_Frontier_Province_(1901%E2%80%9355)" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)">North-West Frontier Province</a> <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas_(FATA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)">areas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a> to Britain, including the strategic fort of <a href="/wiki/Jamrud_Fort" title="Jamrud Fort">Jamrud</a>. Yaqub Khan also renounced all rights to interfering in the internal affairs of the <a href="/wiki/Afridi" title="Afridi">Afridi</a> tribe. In return, Yaqub Khan only received an annual subsidy of 600,000 rupees, with the British pledging to withdraw all forces from Afghanistan excluding <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019365–366_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019365–366-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200271_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200271-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, on 3 September 1879 an uprising in Kabul led to the slaughter of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Napoleon_Cavagnari" title="Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari">Sir Louis Cavagnari</a>, the British representative, along with his guards, and staff – provoking the next phase of the Second Afghan War.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson-Latham197715_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson-Latham197715-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_phase">Second phase</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant_and_Mule_Battery_(%22Dignity_%26_Impudence%22)_WDL11496.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Elephant_and_Mule_Battery_%28%22Dignity_%26_Impudence%22%29_WDL11496.png/220px-Elephant_and_Mule_Battery_%28%22Dignity_%26_Impudence%22%29_WDL11496.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Elephant_and_Mule_Battery_%28%22Dignity_%26_Impudence%22%29_WDL11496.png/330px-Elephant_and_Mule_Battery_%28%22Dignity_%26_Impudence%22%29_WDL11496.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Elephant_and_Mule_Battery_%28%22Dignity_%26_Impudence%22%29_WDL11496.png/440px-Elephant_and_Mule_Battery_%28%22Dignity_%26_Impudence%22%29_WDL11496.png 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>Titled "Dignity & Impudence" for <a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">stereotypic</a> <a href="/wiki/Personality_trait" class="mw-redirect" title="Personality trait">personality traits</a> of elephants and mules respectively, this photograph by <a href="/wiki/John_Burke_(photographer)" title="John Burke (photographer)">John Burke</a> shows an elephant and mule battery during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The mule team would have towed the small <a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">field gun</a>, which appears to be a <a href="/wiki/Rifled_Muzzle_Loader" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifled Muzzle Loader">Rifled Muzzle Loader</a> (RML) 7-pounder mountain gun. The elephant towed the larger gun, apparently a <a href="/wiki/Rifled_breech_loader" title="Rifled breech loader">Rifled breech loader</a> (RBL) 40-pounder Armstrong</figcaption></figure> <p>Major General Sir <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Frederick Roberts</a> led the <a href="/wiki/Kabul_Field_Force" title="Kabul Field Force">Kabul Field Force</a> over the Shutargardan Pass into central Afghanistan, defeated the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Army" title="Afghan Army">Afghan Army</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charasiab" title="Battle of Charasiab">Charasiab</a> on 6 October 1879, and occupied <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> two days later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200277–79_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200277–79-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ghazi_warriors" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghazi warriors">Ghazi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Jan_Khan_Wardak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Jan Khan Wardak (page does not exist)">Mohammad Jan Khan Wardak</a>, and a force of 10,000 Afghans, staged an uprising and attacked British forces near Kabul in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Sherpur_Cantonment" title="Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment">Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment</a> in December 1879. The rebellion collapsed after the failure of a direct attack on Roberts' force on 23 December. Yaqub Khan, suspected of complicity in the massacre of Cavagnari and his staff, was obliged to abdicate. The British considered a number of possible political settlements, including partitioning Afghanistan between multiple rulers or placing Yaqub's brother <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Ayub Khan</a> on the throne, but also looked to install his cousin <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a> (half nephew of the former Sher Ali) as Amir instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson-Latham197716–17_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson-Latham197716–17-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200281–85_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200281–85-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_minted_in_Kandahar_during_its_occupation_during_the_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Coin_minted_in_Kandahar_during_its_occupation_during_the_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War.jpg/220px-Coin_minted_in_Kandahar_during_its_occupation_during_the_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Coin_minted_in_Kandahar_during_its_occupation_during_the_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War.jpg/330px-Coin_minted_in_Kandahar_during_its_occupation_during_the_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Coin_minted_in_Kandahar_during_its_occupation_during_the_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War.jpg/440px-Coin_minted_in_Kandahar_during_its_occupation_during_the_Second_Anglo-Afghan_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>A rare coin minted during the occupation of Kandahar. British Crown within <a href="/wiki/Wreath" title="Wreath">wreath</a> on the obverse, Arabic inscription in four lines on the reverse. These issues were struck under local authorities who routinely recalled and devalued the coppers. This abusive practice led to a great variety of types, often featuring various animal or flower motifs. Accordingly, the types on this coin were likely not ordered by the occupation authorities, but rather placed by an opportunistic engraver eager to please the occupiers.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exploits_of_Abdur_Rahman_Khan">Exploits of Abdur Rahman Khan</h3></div> <p>Abdur Rahman Khan meanwhile had been in exile in Turkestan. Upon the death of Sher Ali Khan he requested from the Russians to enter Afghanistan as a claimant of the throne. This request was denied. However, following <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Yaqub Khan</a>'s abdication, as well as the British occupation of Kabul, the Russians allowed Abdur Rahman Khan to re-enter Afghanistan. Abdur Rahman made way for <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a>, whose ruler he had marriage ties with. While on route, he did a pilgrimage to the shrine of <a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ahrar" title="Khwaja Ahrar">Khwaja Ahrar</a>, taking his banner after claiming he had a vision that ensured victory. The ruler of Badakhshan did not permit Abdur Rahman to ford the Amu Darya, to which Abdur Rahman did so further downstream. He then crossed a mountain pass while it snowed, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Rostaq,_Afghanistan_(village)" title="Rostaq, Afghanistan (village)">Rostaq</a>, where its garrison defected. With the fall of Rostaq, Abdur Rahman met the Mir of Badakhshan in battle, forcing him to flee to <a href="/wiki/Chitral" title="Chitral">Chitral</a> while Abdur Rahman annexed Badakhshan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019376_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019376-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abdur Rahman requested from Sultan Murad of <a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a> for military access so he could advance on <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>. This request was denied. However, Ghulam Haidar Khan, Yaqub's governor of <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>, attacked Kunduz, occupying it, and forcing Sultan Murad to flee to <a href="/wiki/Fayzabad,_Badakhshan" title="Fayzabad, Badakhshan">Fayzabad</a>. Sultan Murad then aligned with Abdur Rahman, and encouraged rebellion against Ghulam Haidar, with the commander of <a href="/wiki/Takhteh_Pol,_Afghanistan" title="Takhteh Pol, Afghanistan">Takhtapul</a> declaring for Abdur Rahman. Ghulam Haidar fled across the Amu Darya, leaving the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan" title="Afghan Turkestan">Afghan Turkestan</a> under Abdur Rahman's control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019377_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019377-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British, eyeing for a suitable candidate to be the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, scouted Abdur Rahman Khan, and began negotiating with him. Abdur Rahman was reluctant to accept such a proposal, as he considered himself an opponent of the British, with his own men wishing for Jihad against them. While negotiations continued, the British considered numerous political solutions, including dividing Afghanistan into numerous kingdoms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson-Latham197716–17_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson-Latham197716–17-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200281–85_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200281–85-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British were seeking to a quick conclusion to the war due to the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a>, with his successor, the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood,_1st_Marquess_of_Dufferin_and_Ava" title="Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava">Marquis of Ripon</a>, wishing to withdraw all British troops from Afghanistan as quickly as possible. With this, the British no longer wished to uphold a British envoy in Afghanistan. However, both sides continued to differ, with the British wishing to keep <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> under their control with Sardar Sher Ali as governor, while Abdur Rahman saw it imperative as a part of Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019378–379_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019378–379-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Believing that the British might withdraw, Abdur Rahman Khan arrived in <a href="/wiki/Charikar" title="Charikar">Charikar</a> sometime in July 1880, where religious leaders from regions such as <a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Province" title="Panjshir Province">Panjshir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kohistan_District,_Kapisa" title="Kohistan District, Kapisa">Kohistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tagab_District,_Kapisa" title="Tagab District, Kapisa">Tagab</a> welcomed his arrival. On 19 July, the British informed Abdur Rahman that they were prepared to recognize him as the ruler of Afghanistan, inviting him to Kabul for a ceremony. Abdur Rahman called a <a href="/wiki/Jirga" title="Jirga">Jirga</a>, with many tribal leaders declaring for him, while Abdur Rahman was declared the Amir of <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019378–379_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019378–379-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ayub_Khan's_rebellion"><span id="Ayub_Khan.27s_rebellion"></span>Ayub Khan's rebellion</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">Battle of Kandahar (1880)</a></div> <p>Ayub Khan, who had been serving as governor of Herat, rose in revolt, defeated a British detachment at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a> in July 1880 and besieged Kandahar. Roberts then led the main British force from Kabul and decisively defeated Ayub Khan on 1 September at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">Battle of Kandahar</a>, bringing his rebellion to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson-Latham197716–17_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson-Latham197716–17-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herati_Soldiers_1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Herati_Soldiers_1879.jpg/220px-Herati_Soldiers_1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Herati_Soldiers_1879.jpg/330px-Herati_Soldiers_1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Herati_Soldiers_1879.jpg/440px-Herati_Soldiers_1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1533" data-file-height="2075" /></a><figcaption>The Afghan revolt: Herati Soldiers 1879</figcaption></figure> <p>With Ayub Khan defeated, the war was officially over with Abdur Rahman Khan ruling as Amir, he was seen as the real victor of the Second Anglo-Afghan War.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019381–383_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019381–383-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite attempts by the British to hold on to <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, they decided to return it to Afghanistan. Rahman confirmed the Treaty of Gandamak, whereby the British took control of the territories ceded by Yaqub Khan. The provocative policy of maintaining a British resident in Kabul was abandoned, but instead British Indian Muslim agents were to be left to smooth liaison between the governments.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain would also handle Afghanistan's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Afghanistan" title="Foreign relations of Afghanistan">foreign policy</a> in exchange for protection and a subsidy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200285–90_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarthorp200285–90-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_tribes" title="Pashtun tribes">Afghan tribes</a> maintained internal rule and local customs, and provided a continuing buffer between the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarfield2010145_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarfield2010145-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ironically many of these polices had been desired by <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a>, and war could have been prevented had they been implemented earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019381–383_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019381–383-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The war was expensive for Britain, spending some 17 million pounds during the war, which was three times the estimated cost. The costs rose just before the British left in March 1881, estimating to be around 19.5 million pounds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobson2007277_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobson2007277-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite attempts from the British to dissuade Afghanistan from <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> influence, Abdur Rahman Khan adopted an autocratic government similar to the Tsars of Russia, inspired by <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> from his time in exile in Turkestan. Alongside this, despite the British attempting to prop up Afghanistan as a key ally, Abdur Rahman Khan often acted against the British, with <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_colonization_of_northern_Afghanistan" title="Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan">atrocities</a> horrifying even <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, and he became known as the 'Iron Amir'. He also refused to give information regarding his troops, with his own autobiography criticizing British policy, while also violating the Lyall agreement by instead of allowing the British to oversee his diplomatic affairs, held them himself with numerous countries including <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Iran</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>. Abdur Rahman also wrote in pamphlets, encouraging Jihad against the British and the Russians, claiming both wished to end Afghanistan as a state. Senior British officials found it extremely difficult to further cooperate with Abdur Rahman Khan and Afghanistan due to the Turkestan atrocities, as well as his <a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%931893_Hazara_uprisings" class="mw-redirect" title="1888–1893 Hazara uprisings">actions against the Hazaras</a>. The British believed they had no other alternative but to support Abdur Rahman Khan, scoring a diplomatic victory for him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019384–397_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019384–397-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite this, no further trouble resulted between Afghanistan and British India during Rahman's period of rule. The Russians kept well out of Afghan internal affairs, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Panjdeh_incident" title="Panjdeh incident">Panjdeh incident</a> three years later, resolved by arbitration and negotiation after an initial British ultimatum.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1893, <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Durand" title="Mortimer Durand">Mortimer Durand</a> was dispatched to Kabul by British India to sign an agreement with Rahman for fixing the limits of their respective <a href="/wiki/Spheres_of_influence" class="mw-redirect" title="Spheres of influence">spheres of influence</a> as well as improving diplomatic relations and trade. On November 12, 1893, the <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a> Agreement was reached. This led to the creation of a new <a href="/wiki/North-West_Frontier_Province_(1901%E2%80%931955)" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)">North-West Frontier Province</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_battles">Timeline of battles</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Special:EditPage/Second Anglo-Afghan War">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There were several decisive actions in the Second Anglo–Afghan War, from 1878 to 1880. Here are the battles and actions in chronological order. An asterisk (*) indicates a <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">clasp</a> was awarded for that particular battle with the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Medal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)">Afghanistan Medal</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Ali_Masjid_-_19_members_of_the_Yorkshire_Infantry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid_-_19_members_of_the_Yorkshire_Infantry.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Ali_Masjid_-_19_members_of_the_Yorkshire_Infantry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid_-_19_members_of_the_Yorkshire_Infantry.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Ali_Masjid_-_19_members_of_the_Yorkshire_Infantry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid_-_19_members_of_the_Yorkshire_Infantry.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Ali_Masjid_-_19_members_of_the_Yorkshire_Infantry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>British team at the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid" title="Battle of Ali Masjid">Battle of Ali Masjid</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Horse_Artillery_fleeing_from_Afghan_attack_at_the_Battle_of_Maiwand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Royal_Horse_Artillery_fleeing_from_Afghan_attack_at_the_Battle_of_Maiwand.jpg/220px-Royal_Horse_Artillery_fleeing_from_Afghan_attack_at_the_Battle_of_Maiwand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Royal_Horse_Artillery_fleeing_from_Afghan_attack_at_the_Battle_of_Maiwand.jpg/330px-Royal_Horse_Artillery_fleeing_from_Afghan_attack_at_the_Battle_of_Maiwand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Royal_Horse_Artillery_fleeing_from_Afghan_attack_at_the_Battle_of_Maiwand.jpg/440px-Royal_Horse_Artillery_fleeing_from_Afghan_attack_at_the_Battle_of_Maiwand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horse_Artillery" title="Royal Horse Artillery">Royal Horse Artillery</a> withdrawing at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victory_day_at_Kandahar_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Victory_day_at_Kandahar_1880.jpg/220px-Victory_day_at_Kandahar_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Victory_day_at_Kandahar_1880.jpg/330px-Victory_day_at_Kandahar_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Victory_day_at_Kandahar_1880.jpg/440px-Victory_day_at_Kandahar_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Afghan victors of the Battle of Maiwand</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1878">1878</h3></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid" title="Battle of Ali Masjid">Battle of Ali Masjid</a>* (British victory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peiwar_Kotal" title="Battle of Peiwar Kotal">Battle of Peiwar Kotal</a>* (British victory)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1879">1879</h3></div> <ol><li>Action at Takht-i-Pul (British victory)</li> <li>Action at Matun (British victory)</li> <li>Battle of Khushk-i-Nakud (British victory)</li> <li>Battle of Fatehabad (Afghan victory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_British_Residency_in_Kabul" title="Siege of the British Residency in Kabul">Siege of the British Residency in Kabul</a> (Afghan victory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kam_Dakka" title="Battle of Kam Dakka">Battle of Kam Dakka</a> (Afghan victory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charasiab" title="Battle of Charasiab">Battle of Charasiab</a>* (British victory)<sup id="cite_ref-Alikuzai_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alikuzai-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Battle of Shajui</li> <li>Battle of Karez Mir</li> <li>Battle of Takht-i-Shah</li> <li>Battle of Asmai Heights* (Afghan victory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sherpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Sherpur">Siege of Sherpur</a> (Kabul)* (British victory)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1880">1880</h3></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ahmed_Khel" title="Battle of Ahmed Khel">Battle of Ahmed Khel</a>* (British victory)</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieutenant_John_Frederick_Irwin_%E2%80%93_Action_at_%E2%80%98Arzu%E2%80%99_Afghanistan_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lieutenant_John_Frederick_Irwin_%E2%80%93_Action_at_%E2%80%98Arzu%E2%80%99_Afghanistan_1880.jpg/220px-Lieutenant_John_Frederick_Irwin_%E2%80%93_Action_at_%E2%80%98Arzu%E2%80%99_Afghanistan_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lieutenant_John_Frederick_Irwin_%E2%80%93_Action_at_%E2%80%98Arzu%E2%80%99_Afghanistan_1880.jpg/330px-Lieutenant_John_Frederick_Irwin_%E2%80%93_Action_at_%E2%80%98Arzu%E2%80%99_Afghanistan_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lieutenant_John_Frederick_Irwin_%E2%80%93_Action_at_%E2%80%98Arzu%E2%80%99_Afghanistan_1880.jpg/440px-Lieutenant_John_Frederick_Irwin_%E2%80%93_Action_at_%E2%80%98Arzu%E2%80%99_Afghanistan_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Action at <i>Arzu</i>, 23 April 1880, by Lieutenant John Frederick Irwin</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>Battle of Arzu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Charasiab" title="Second Battle of Charasiab">Second Battle of Charasiab</a> (British victory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a> (Afghan victory)</li> <li>Battle of Deh Koja (Afghan Victory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">Battle of Kandahar</a>* (British victory)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1881">1881</h3></div> <ol><li>Evacuation of Kandahar (and Afghanistan) by British-led forces</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_battle">Order of battle</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Durbar_Maidan_of_Sherpur_Cantonment_in_1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Durbar_Maidan_of_Sherpur_Cantonment_in_1879.jpg/220px-Durbar_Maidan_of_Sherpur_Cantonment_in_1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Durbar_Maidan_of_Sherpur_Cantonment_in_1879.jpg/330px-Durbar_Maidan_of_Sherpur_Cantonment_in_1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Durbar_Maidan_of_Sherpur_Cantonment_in_1879.jpg/440px-Durbar_Maidan_of_Sherpur_Cantonment_in_1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption>Durban Maidan of Sherpur Cantonment in 1879.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengal_Sapper_and_Miners_Bastion,_in_Sherpur_cantonment,_Kabul,_Second_Afghan_War,_c._1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bengal_Sapper_and_Miners_Bastion%2C_in_Sherpur_cantonment%2C_Kabul%2C_Second_Afghan_War%2C_c._1879.jpg/220px-Bengal_Sapper_and_Miners_Bastion%2C_in_Sherpur_cantonment%2C_Kabul%2C_Second_Afghan_War%2C_c._1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bengal_Sapper_and_Miners_Bastion%2C_in_Sherpur_cantonment%2C_Kabul%2C_Second_Afghan_War%2C_c._1879.jpg/330px-Bengal_Sapper_and_Miners_Bastion%2C_in_Sherpur_cantonment%2C_Kabul%2C_Second_Afghan_War%2C_c._1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bengal_Sapper_and_Miners_Bastion%2C_in_Sherpur_cantonment%2C_Kabul%2C_Second_Afghan_War%2C_c._1879.jpg/440px-Bengal_Sapper_and_Miners_Bastion%2C_in_Sherpur_cantonment%2C_Kabul%2C_Second_Afghan_War%2C_c._1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>Bengal Sapper and Miners Bastion in Sherpur cantonment.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Highlanders_of_Amir_Yaqub_at_Gandamak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Highlanders_of_Amir_Yaqub_at_Gandamak.jpg/220px-Highlanders_of_Amir_Yaqub_at_Gandamak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Highlanders_of_Amir_Yaqub_at_Gandamak.jpg/330px-Highlanders_of_Amir_Yaqub_at_Gandamak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Highlanders_of_Amir_Yaqub_at_Gandamak.jpg/440px-Highlanders_of_Amir_Yaqub_at_Gandamak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2931" /></a><figcaption>Highlanders of Amir Yaqub at <a href="/wiki/Gandamak" title="Gandamak">Gandamak</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Skeoch_Cumming01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/William_Skeoch_Cumming01.jpg/220px-William_Skeoch_Cumming01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/William_Skeoch_Cumming01.jpg/330px-William_Skeoch_Cumming01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/William_Skeoch_Cumming01.jpg/440px-William_Skeoch_Cumming01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1515" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption>Drummer James Roddick of the <a href="/wiki/92nd_(Gordon_Highlanders)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot">Gordon Highlanders</a> defends a wounded officer during British attack at Gundi Mulla Sahibdad during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">Battle of Kandahar</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Sikh_Regiment_escorting_prisoners_-_2nd_afghan_war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/45th_Sikh_Regiment_escorting_prisoners_-_2nd_afghan_war.jpg/220px-45th_Sikh_Regiment_escorting_prisoners_-_2nd_afghan_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/45th_Sikh_Regiment_escorting_prisoners_-_2nd_afghan_war.jpg/330px-45th_Sikh_Regiment_escorting_prisoners_-_2nd_afghan_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/45th_Sikh_Regiment_escorting_prisoners_-_2nd_afghan_war.jpg/440px-45th_Sikh_Regiment_escorting_prisoners_-_2nd_afghan_war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/45th_Rattray%27s_Sikhs" title="45th Rattray's Sikhs">45th Rattray's Sikhs</a> guard Afghan prisoners during an advance through the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber Pass</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1878, at the start of the war, the British established three <a href="/wiki/Field_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Force">Field Forces</a> – designated <a href="/wiki/Peshawar_Valley_Field_Force" title="Peshawar Valley Field Force">Peshawar Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurram_Valley_Field_Force" title="Kurram Valley Field Force">Kurram Valley</a> and Kandahar respectively – each of which invaded <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> by a different route.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarwell1973203_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarwell1973203-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Peshawar_Valley_Field_Force" title="Peshawar Valley Field Force">Peshawar Valley Field Force</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Sam_Browne" title="Sam Browne">Sir Samuel Browne</a> <ul><li>Cavalry Brigade. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Charles_John_Stanley_Gough" title="Charles John Stanley Gough">C.J.S. Gough</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10th_Hussars" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Hussars">10th Hussars</a> (2 squadrons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Probyn%27s_Lancers" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Probyn's Lancers">11th Probyn's Lancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guides_Cavalry" title="Guides Cavalry">Guides Cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Royal Artillery</li> <li>First Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Taylor_MacPherson" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Taylor MacPherson">H. T. Macpherson</a> <ul><li>4th Battalion <a href="/wiki/Rifle_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifle Brigade">Rifle Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Duke_of_Cambridge%27s_Own_Infantry_(Brownlow%27s_Punjabis)" title="20th Duke of Cambridge's Own Infantry (Brownlow's Punjabis)">20th Brownlow's Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Gurkha Rifles">4th Gurkha Rifles</a></li></ul></li> <li>Second Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General J. A. Tytler <ul><li>1st Battalion, 17th <a href="/wiki/Leicestershire_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Leicestershire Regiment">Leicestershire Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Guides_(British_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corps of Guides (British India)">Queen's Own Corps of Guides</a> (infantry component)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Sikhs" class="mw-redirect" title="51st Sikhs">51st Sikhs</a></li></ul></li> <li>Third Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ernest_Appleyard" title="Frederick Ernest Appleyard">F. Appleyard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_Regiment_(North_Lancashire)" title="Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire)">81st North Lancashire Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Sikhs" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Sikhs">14th Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Punjabis" title="27th Punjabis">27th Punjabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fourth Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General W. Browne <ul><li>51st <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Own_Yorkshire_Light_Infantry" title="King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry">King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Jat_Light_Infantry" title="6th Jat Light Infantry">6th Jat Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Sikhs" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Sikhs">45th Sikhs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kurram_Valley_Field_Force" title="Kurram Valley Field Force">Kurram Valley Field Force</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1897553,_''Appendix_III''_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1897553,_''Appendix_III''-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major General <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Roberts</a> <ul><li>Cavalry Brigade. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Henry_Gough" title="Hugh Henry Gough">Hugh Gough</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10th_Hussars" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Hussars">10th Hussars</a> (1 squadron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Cavalry">12th Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Cavalry_(Frontier_Force)" title="12th Cavalry (Frontier Force)">25th Cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Royal Artillery. Colonel A. H. Lindsay</li> <li>First Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General A. H. Cobbe <ul><li>2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/8th_(The_King%27s)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot">8th Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Pioneers" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd Pioneers">23rd Pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Punjabis" title="29th Punjabis">29th Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th_Vaughan%27s_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="58th Vaughan's Rifles">58th Vaughan's Rifles</a></li></ul></li> <li>Second Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General J. B. Thelwell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Seaforth_Highlanders" class="mw-redirect" title="72nd Seaforth Highlanders">72nd Seaforth Highlanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Punjabis" title="21st Punjabis">21st Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="56th Rifles">56th Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Gurkha Rifles">5th Gurkha Rifles</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Kandahar Field Force</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Donald_Stewart,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Donald Stewart, 1st Baronet">Donald Stewart</a> <ul><li>First Division <ul><li>Cavalry Brigade. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Walter_Fane" title="Walter Fane">Walter Fane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_Hussars" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Hussars">15th Hussars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Lancers" title="8th Lancers">8th Bengal Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_King_George%27s_Own_Lancers" class="mw-redirect" title="19th King George's Own Lancers">19th Fane's Lancers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Royal Artillery. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Arbuthnot" title="Charles George Arbuthnot">C. G. Arbuthnot</a></li> <li>First Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General R. Barter <ul><li>2nd Battalion <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Royal_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Royal Rifles">King's Royal Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Sikhs" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Sikhs">15th Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Punjabis" title="25th Punjabis">25th Punjabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Second Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General W. Hughes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/59th_East_Lancashire_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="59th East Lancashire Regiment">59th East Lancashire Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Pioneers" title="12th Pioneers">12th Kelat-i-Ghilzai Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Gurkha Rifles">1st Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Gurkha Rifles">3rd Gurkha Rifles</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>2nd Division. Major General <a href="/wiki/Michael_Biddulph_(British_Army_officer)" title="Michael Biddulph (British Army officer)">M A Biddulph</a> <ul><li>Cavalry Brigade. Brigadier General C. H. Palliser <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_Daly%27s_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Daly's Horse">21st Daly's Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Sam_Browne%27s_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Sam Browne's Horse">22nd Sam Browne's Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Scinde_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="35th Scinde Horse">35th Scinde Horse</a></li></ul></li> <li>Artillery Colonel Le Mesurier</li> <li>First Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General R. Lacy <ul><li>70th <a href="/wiki/East_Surrey_Regiment" title="East Surrey Regiment">East Surrey Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Punjabis" title="19th Punjabis">19th Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/127th_Baluchis" class="mw-redirect" title="127th Baluchis">127th Baluchis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Second Infantry Brigade. Brigadier General Nuttall <ul><li><a href="/wiki/26th_Punjabis" title="26th Punjabis">26th Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Pioneers" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd Pioneers">32nd Pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Coke%27s_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="55th Coke's Rifles">55th Coke's Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/129th_Baluchis" class="mw-redirect" title="129th Baluchis">129th Baluchis</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>At the end of the first phase of the war in May 1879, the Peshawar Force was withdrawn, while the Kandahar Force was reduced in size. In September 1879, at the beginning of the second phase, additional British and <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Indian Army</a> units were despatched to Afghanistan, while the Kurram Valley Force was reinforced, and redesignated the Kabul Field Force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarwell1973207_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarwell1973207-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Gandamak" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Treaty of Gandamak">Treaty of Gandamak</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasions_of_Afghanistan" title="Invasions of Afghanistan">Invasions of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)">Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1921%E2%80%931924)" title="Waziristan campaign (1921–1924)">Waziristan campaign (1921–1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1936%E2%80%931939)" title="Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)">Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink%27s_War" title="Pink's War">Pink's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_rebellion_(1948-1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waziristan rebellion (1948-1954)">Waziristan rebellion (1948-1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Afghanistan" title="Military history of Afghanistan">Military history of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">European influence in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpur_Cantonment" title="Sherpur Cantonment">Sherpur Cantonment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Schmidt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt1995" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt, Karl J. (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlassurveyofsou0000schm/page/74"><i>An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History</i></a></span>. M.E. Sharpe. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlassurveyofsou0000schm/page/74">74</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1563243332" title="Special:BookSources/978-1563243332"><bdi>978-1563243332</bdi></a>. <q>British forces were victorious and Sher Ali was deposed</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Atlas+and+Survey+of+South+Asian+History&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1563243332&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Karl+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlassurveyofsou0000schm%2Fpage%2F74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019382–383-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019382–383_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2019">Lee 2019</a>, pp. 382–383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2019" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Jonathan (2019). <i>Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present</i>. Reaktion Books. p. 383. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781789140101" title="Special:BookSources/9781789140101"><bdi>9781789140101</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%3A+A+History+from+1260+to+the+Present&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781789140101&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019378-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019378_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2019">Lee 2019</a>, p. 378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlood199620–21-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlood199620–21_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlood1996">Blood 1996</a>, pp. 20–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobson2007297-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobson2007297_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobson2007">Robson 2007</a>, p. 297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robson-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robson_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robson_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobson2007" class="citation book cs1">Robson, Brian. (2007). <i>The Road to Kabul: The Second Afghan War 1878–1881</i>. Stroud: Spellmount. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-416-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-416-7"><bdi>978-1-86227-416-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Kabul%3A+The+Second+Afghan+War+1878%E2%80%931881&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-86227-416-7&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=Brian.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Yakub Khan"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Yakub_Khan">"Yakub Khan" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 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Nayad Prokash. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+India%27s+Foreign+Policy%3A+Imperial+Era%2C+1882%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Nayad+Prokash&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Bisheshwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGIQcAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobson2007277-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobson2007277_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobson2007">Robson 2007</a>, p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019384–397-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019384–397_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2019">Lee 2019</a>, pp. 384–397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bv4hzxpo424C&pg=PA198"><i>Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a> By Clements, F. ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara, California, 2003 p. 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alikuzai-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alikuzai_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlikuzai2013" class="citation book cs1">Alikuzai, Hamid Wahed (2013). <i>A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes, Volume 14</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britishempire.co.uk&rft.atitle=Second+Afghan+War&rft.aulast=Luscombe&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishempire.co.uk%2Fforces%2Farmycampaigns%2Findiancampaigns%2Fcampafghan1878.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarwell1973207-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarwell1973207_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarwell1973">Farwell 1973</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <p><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. 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(1996). <i>Pakistan: A Country Study</i>. Diane Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780788136313" title="Special:BookSources/9780788136313"><bdi>9780788136313</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pub=Diane+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780788136313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGathorne_Gathorne-Hardy,_1st_Earl_of_Cranbrook1878" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Gathorne_Gathorne-Hardy,_1st_Earl_of_Cranbrook" title="Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook">Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook</a> (December 1878), <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Afghan_War_(Hardy)" class="extiw" title="s:The Afghan War (Hardy)">The Afghan War: a speech delivered in the House of Lords by the Right Hon. Viscount Cranbrook (Secretary State of India) on Monday, December 9th, 1878</a></i> (1st ed.), Westminster: <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Conservative_and_Constitutional_Associations" title="National Union of Conservative and Constitutional Associations">National Union of Conservative and Constitutional Associations</a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19077572" class="extiw" title="d:Q19077572">Q19077572</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Afghan+War%3A+a+speech+delivered+in+the+House+of+Lords+by+the+Right+Hon.+Viscount+Cranbrook+%28Secretary+State+of+India%29+on+Monday%2C+December+9th%2C+1878&rft.place=Westminster&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=National+Union+of+Conservative+and+Constitutional+Associations&rft.date=1878-12&rft.au=Gathorne+Gathorne-Hardy%2C+1st+Earl+of+Cranbrook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarwell1973" class="citation book cs1">Farwell, Byron (1973). <i>Queen Victoria's Little Wars</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Allen_Lane" title="Allen Lane">Allen Lane</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0713904577" title="Special:BookSources/0713904577"><bdi>0713904577</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+Victoria%27s+Little+Wars&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0713904577&rft.aulast=Farwell&rft.aufirst=Byron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanna1904" class="citation book cs1">Hanna, Henry Bathurst (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GzQoAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Second Afghan War, 1878–79–80: Its Causes, Its Conduct and Its Consequences</i></a>. Vol. 2. Archibald Constable & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+Afghan+War%2C+1878%E2%80%9379%E2%80%9380%3A+Its+Causes%2C+Its+Conduct+and+Its+Consequences&rft.pub=Archibald+Constable+%26+Co&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=Henry+Bathurst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGzQoAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2011" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Robert (2011). <i>The Afghan Way of War: How and Why They Fight</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199912568" title="Special:BookSources/9780199912568"><bdi>9780199912568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Afghan+Way+of+War%3A+How+and+Why+They+Fight&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199912568&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1897" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Sir Frederick (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16528"><i>Forty-one Years in India</i></a>. London: Macmillan & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forty-one+Years+in+India&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan+%26+Co&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sir+Frederick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F16528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Walker, Phillip Francis. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11796/">Afghanistan: A Short Account of Afghanistan, Its History, and Our Dealings with It</a></i>. London: Griffith and Farran (1881).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson-Latham1977" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson-Latham, Robert (1977). <i>North-West Frontier 1837–1947</i>. London: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-275-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-275-9"><bdi>0-85045-275-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North-West+Frontier+1837%E2%80%931947&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-85045-275-9&rft.aulast=Wilkinson-Latham&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Afghan+War" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garenewing.co.uk/angloafghanwar/index.php">Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878–1880</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angloafghanwar.info/waroffice/chronology.php">Second Anglo-Afghan War Chronology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishbattles.com/">British Battles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nongnu.org/afghancalendar">Online Afghan Calendar with Historical dates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicaleye.com/Roberts.html">Frederick Roberts and the long road to Kandahar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/libweb/collections/askb/">Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Simpson_(Scottish_artist)" title="William Simpson (Scottish artist)">William Simpson</a>'s diary and album of sketches and watercolours covering the early part of the campaign, and done for the <i><a href="/wiki/Illustrated_London_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Illustrated London News">Illustrated London News</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rgssamachupicchu.blogspot.com.au/2013/12/afghanistan-british-raj-3-second-afghan.html">Afghanistan & the British Raj : The Second Afghan War & its Aftermath</a> From the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgssa.org.au/">Royal Geographical Society of South Australia</a> blog entries for Afghanistan & the British Raj that cover the subject chronologically with images through reference works in our collection.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/William_Hay_Macnaghten" title="William Hay Macnaghten">William Hay Macnaghten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keane,_1st_Baron_Keane" title="John Keane, 1st Baron Keane">John Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughby_Cotton" title="Willoughby Cotton">Willoughby Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Pollock,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Pollock, 1st Baronet">George Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_George_Keith_Elphinstone" title="William George Keith Elphinstone">William Elphinstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Browne" title="Sam Browne">Sam Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Frederick Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Donald_Stewart,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Donald Stewart, 1st Baronet">Donald Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Barrett_(Indian_Army_officer)" title="Arthur Barrett (Indian Army officer)">Arthur Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Dyer" title="Reginald Dyer">Reginald Dyer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan" title="Dost Mohammad Khan">Amir Dost Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Akbar_Khan" title="Wazir Akbar Khan">Wazir Akbar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Amir Sher Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)" title="Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Ghazi Ayub Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Nadir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Nadir Shah">Mohammed Nadir Shah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghazni" title="Battle of Ghazni">Battle of Ghazni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kahun" title="Siege of Kahun">Siege of Kahun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jellalabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jellalabad">Battle of Jellalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1842_retreat_from_Kabul" title="1842 retreat from Kabul">Retreat from Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_Expedition_(1842)" title="Kabul Expedition (1842)">Battle of Kabul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid" title="Battle of Ali Masjid">Battle of Ali Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peiwar_Kotal" title="Battle of Peiwar Kotal">Battle of Peiwar Kotal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_British_Residency_in_Kabul" title="Siege of the British Residency in Kabul">Siege of the British Residency in Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charasiab" title="Battle of Charasiab">Battle of Charasiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Sherpur_Cantonment" title="Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment">Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ahmed_Khel" title="Battle of Ahmed Khel">Battle of Ahmed Khel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Charasiab" title="Second Battle of Charasiab">Second Battle of Charasiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">Battle of Kandahar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">European influence in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Game" title="Great Game">Great Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Game:_Afghanistan" title="The Great Game: Afghanistan">The Great Game: Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malalai_of_Maiwand" title="Malalai of Maiwand">Malalai of Maiwand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Medal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)">Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Anglo-Afghan_Wars" title="Category:Anglo-Afghan Wars">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Afghan_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Anglo-Afghan War">Multimedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Afghanistan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Afghanistan_topics" title="Template:Afghanistan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Afghanistan_topics" title="Template talk:Afghanistan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Afghanistan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Afghanistan" title="Outline of Afghanistan">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan" title="History of Afghanistan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Afghanistan" title="Ancient history of Afghanistan">Pre-Islamic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokhara_Yabghus" title="Tokhara Yabghus">Yabghus of Tokharistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Turk Shahis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Shahis" title="Hindu Shahis">Hindu Shahis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_of_Afghanistan" title="Muslim conquests of Afghanistan">Islamic conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol conquest of Central Asia">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotak_dynasty" title="Hotak dynasty">Hotak dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kandahar" title="Siege of Kandahar">Siege of Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Third Battle of Panipat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan" title="Dost Mohammad Khan">Dost Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jamrud" title="Battle of Jamrud">Battle of Jamrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Sikh_Wars" title="Afghan–Sikh Wars">Afghan–Sikh Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Kingdom of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1928%E2%80%931929)" title="Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)">Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqqawists" title="Saqqawists">Saqqawists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)">Emirate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Afghanistan_(1973%E2%80%931978)" title="Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)">Daoud's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan_(1992%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Afghanistan (1992–present)">since 1992</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic State of Afghanistan">Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">First Islamic Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">2001 invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Second Islamic Emirate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_topic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Afghan_history" title="Timeline of Afghan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arabs_in_Afghanistan" title="History of Arabs in Afghanistan">Arabs in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">European influence</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Graveyard_of_empires" title="Graveyard of empires">Graveyard of empires</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan" title="War in Afghanistan">Wars in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Afghanistan" title="Subdivisions of Afghanistan">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Afghanistan" title="Template:Borders of Afghanistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Afghanistan" title="Climate change in Afghanistan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Afghanistan" title="List of earthquakes in Afghanistan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Afghanistan" title="Environmental issues in Afghanistan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Afghanistan" title="Extreme points of Afghanistan">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Afghanistan" title="List of volcanoes in Afghanistan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Afghanistan" title="Wildlife of Afghanistan">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arabs_in_Afghanistan" title="History of Arabs in Afghanistan">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsiwan" title="Farsiwan">Farsiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gurjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_people" title="Kho people">Kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Afghanistan" title="Health in Afghanistan">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Languages of Afghanistan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Persian (Dari)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Afghanistan" title="Women in Afghanistan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of Afghanistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Constitution_of_Afghanistan" title="1964 Constitution of Afghanistan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirga" title="Jirga">Loya jirga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Council_of_Afghanistan" title="Leadership Council of Afghanistan">Leadership Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Afghanistan" title="Supreme Leader of Afghanistan">Supreme Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Leader of Afghanistan">Deputy Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Afghanistan" title="Cabinet of Afghanistan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_provincial_governors_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current provincial governors in Afghanistan">Current provincial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Afghanistan" title="Foreign relations of Afghanistan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Afghanistan" title="Human rights in Afghanistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Afghanistan">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_women_by_the_Taliban" title="Treatment of women by the Taliban">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Afghanistan" title="Supreme Court of Afghanistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Afghanistan" title="Chief Justice of Afghanistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Afghanistan" title="Economy of Afghanistan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_afghani" title="Afghan afghani">Afghani (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Afghanistan" title="Communications in Afghanistan">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Afghanistan" title="Energy in Afghanistan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Afghanistan" title="Mining in Afghanistan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_production_in_Afghanistan" title="Opium production in Afghanistan">Opium production in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Afghanistan" title="Taxation in Afghanistan">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Afghanistan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Afghanistan" title="Tourism in Afghanistan">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan%E2%80%93Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan%E2%80%93India_Pipeline" title="Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline">Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Afghanistan" title="Transport in Afghanistan">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Afghanistan" title="Culture of Afghanistan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Afghanistan" title="Education in Afghanistan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan" title="Flag of Afghanistan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Afghanistan" title="Music of Afghanistan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Afghanistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunwali" title="Pashtunwali">Pashtunwali (Pashtun life)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Afghanistan" title="Poetry of Afghanistan">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_rugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War rugs">War rugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Afghanistan" title="Outline of Afghanistan">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Afghanistan" title="Outline of Afghanistan">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Afghanistan" title="Bibliography of Afghanistan">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Afghanistan" title="Category:Afghanistan">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colonial_conflicts_involving_the_English/British_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_colonial_campaigns" title="Template:British colonial campaigns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_colonial_campaigns" title="Template talk:British colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_colonial_campaigns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colonial_conflicts_involving_the_English/British_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonial conflicts involving the <a href="/wiki/English_overseas_possessions" title="English overseas possessions">English</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Ireland</a> (1593–1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Powhatan_Wars" title="Anglo-Powhatan Wars">Virginia</a> (1609–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Swally" title="Battle of Swally">Swally</a> (1612)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_capture_of_Ormuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Persian capture of Ormuz">Ormuz</a> (1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinago_Genocide_of_1626" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinago Genocide of 1626">Saint Kitts</a> (1626)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_July_1628" title="Action of 17 July 1628">Quebec</a> (1628)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequot War</a> (1634–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">Irish Rebellion</a> (1641)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Confederate War</a> (1641–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a> (1649–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians#English_colony_(1654–1667)" title="History of the Acadians">Acadia</a> (1654–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%931660)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)">Anglo-Spanish War</a> (1654–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Maroon_War" title="First Maroon War">Jamaica</a> (1655–1739)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangier_(1662)" title="Battle of Tangier (1662)">1st Tangier</a> (1662)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangier_(1664)" title="Battle of Tangier (1664)">2nd Tangier</a> (1664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a> (1675–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mughal_War_(1686%E2%80%931690)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Mughal War (1686–1690)">Child's War</a> (1686–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Siamese_War" title="Anglo-Siamese War">Siam</a> (1687)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War</a> (1688–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a> (1688–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komenda_Wars" title="Komenda Wars">Ghana</a> (1694–1700)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a> (1702–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_War" title="Tuscarora War">Tuscarora War</a> (1711–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamasee_War" title="Yamasee War">Yamasee War</a> (1715–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dummer%27s_War" title="Dummer's War">Father Rale's War/Dummer's War</a> (1722–25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a> (1740–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a> (1744–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic Wars">Carnatic Wars</a> (1746–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Le_Loutre%27s_War" title="Father Le Loutre's War">Nova Scotia</a> (1749–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> (1754–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Great Britain in the Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> (1756–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_War" title="Bengal War">Bengal War</a> (1756–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Cherokee_War" title="Anglo-Cherokee War">Anglo-Cherokee War</a> (1758–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacky%27s_Revolt" title="Tacky's Revolt">Jamaica</a> (1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1762%E2%80%931763)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763)">Anglo-Spanish War</a> (1762–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a> (1763–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulator_Movement_in_North_Carolina" title="Regulator Movement in North Carolina">Regulator Movement in North Carolina</a> (1765–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Carib_War" title="First Carib War">First Carib War</a> (1769–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rohilla_War" title="First Rohilla War">Rohilkhand</a> (1773–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Dunmore%27s_War" title="Lord Dunmore's War">Lord Dunmore's War</a> (1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> (1775–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1775–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1779–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley%27s_Gold_Coast_expedition" title="Shirley's Gold Coast expedition">Gold Coast</a> (1781–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Radharam" title="Revolt of Radharam">Assam</a> (1786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars" title="Australian frontier wars">Australian frontier wars</a> (1788–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nootka_Crisis" title="Nootka Crisis">Nootka Sound</a> (1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1789–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotiote_War" title="Cotiote War">Cotiote (Wayanad) War</a> (1793–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rohilla_War" title="Second Rohilla War">Rohilkhand</a> (1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Cape_Colony" title="Invasion of the Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Maroon_War" title="Second Maroon War">Jamaica</a> (1795–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9don%27s_rebellion" title="Fédon's rebellion">Grenada</a> (1795–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ceylon" title="Invasion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Wars" title="Kandyan Wars">Kandyan Wars</a> (1796–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion</a> (1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Siege of Malta (1798–1800)">Malta</a> (1798–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1798–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dwyer#Guerilla_campaign" title="Michael Dwyer">Dwyer's guerrilla campaign</a> (1799–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a> (1799–1805)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Irish_Uprising_in_Newfoundland" title="United Irish Uprising in Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> (1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1803–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_convict_rebellion" title="Castle Hill convict rebellion">Castle Hill convict rebellion</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Surinam_(1804)" title="Invasion of Surinam (1804)">Surinam</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Cape Colony</a> (1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_invasions_of_the_River_Plate" title="British invasions of the River Plate">Río de la Plata</a> (1806–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_expedition_of_1807" title="Alexandria expedition of 1807">Egypt</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froberg_mutiny" title="Froberg mutiny">Froberg mutiny</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santo_Domingo_of_1808" title="Siege of Santo Domingo of 1808">Santo Domingo</a> (1808–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Martinique_(1809)" title="Invasion of Martinique (1809)">Martinique</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1809" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1809">Persian Gulf</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Guadeloupe_(1810)" title="Invasion of Guadeloupe (1810)">Guadeloupe</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_%C3%8Ele_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Île Bonaparte">Reunion</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Isle_de_France" title="Invasion of Isle de France">Mauritius</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles#The_Quincy_era" title="History of Seychelles">Seychelles</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Spice_Islands" title="Invasion of the Spice Islands">Spice Islands</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Java_(1811)" title="Invasion of Java (1811)">Java</a> (1810–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_Wars" title="Xhosa Wars">Xhosa Wars</a> (1811–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">USA</a> (1812–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Nepal</a> (1814–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Guadeloupe_(1815)" title="Invasion of Guadeloupe (1815)">Guadeloupe</a> (1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slachter%27s_Nek_Rebellion" title="Slachter's Nek Rebellion">Cape Colony</a> (1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1816)" title="Bombardment of Algiers (1816)">Algiers</a> (1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1817–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1819" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1819">Persian Gulf</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara_rebellion_of_1823" title="Demerara rebellion of 1823">Guiana</a> (1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ashanti_wars" title="Anglo-Ashanti wars">Anglo-Ashanti wars</a> (1824–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="First Anglo-Burmese War">First Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1824–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_War" title="Black War">Black War (Van Diemen's Land)</a> (1828–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_War" title="Baptist War">Jamaica</a> (1831–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naning_War" title="Naning War">Malacca</a> (1831–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada_Rebellion" title="Lower Canada Rebellion">Lower Canada</a> (1837–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_Rebellion" title="Upper Canada Rebellion">Upper Canada</a> (1837–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Expedition" title="Aden Expedition">Aden Expedition</a> (1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1839%E2%80%931841)" title="Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)">Egyptian–Ottoman War</a> (1839–41)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1839–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> (1839–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a> (1845–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a> (1845–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_blockade_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a> (1845–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Canton" title="Expedition to Canton">Canton</a> (1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_War_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Caste War of Yucatán">British Honduras</a> (1847–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matale_rebellion" title="Matale rebellion">Ceylon</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a> (1848–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Second Anglo-Burmese War">Second Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Rebellion" title="Eureka Rebellion">Eureka Rebellion</a> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_War" title="Åland War">Åland War</a> (1854–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_War" title="Anglo-Persian War">Anglo-Persian War</a> (1856–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a> (1856–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion</a> (1857–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Rajab_Ali" title="Revolt of Rajab Ali">Revolt of Rajab Ali</a> (1857–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Kagoshima" title="Bombardment of Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambela_campaign" title="Ambela campaign">Ambela campaign</a> (1863–64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki_campaign" title="Shimonoseki campaign">Shimonoseki</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duar_War" title="Duar War">Duar War</a> (1864–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian Rebellion in Canada</a> (1866–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Expedition_to_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Expedition to Abyssinia">Abyssinia</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Rebellion" title="Red River Rebellion">Manitoba</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_War" title="Perak War">Perak</a> (1875–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War" title="Anglo-Zulu War">Anglo-Zulu War</a> (1879)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1879–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basuto_Gun_War" title="Basuto Gun War">Basutoland</a> (1880–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Boer_War" title="First Boer War">First Boer War</a> (1880–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a> (1881–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_War" title="Anglo-Egyptian War">Anglo-Egyptian War</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Rebellion" title="North-West Rebellion">Saskatchewan</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Third Anglo-Burmese War">Third Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition" title="Emin Pasha Relief Expedition">Central Africa</a> (1886–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_Expedition_of_1888" title="Hazara Expedition of 1888">Hazara</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Column" title="Pioneer Column">Mashonaland</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunza%E2%80%93Nagar_Campaign" title="Hunza–Nagar Campaign">Hunza–Nagar Campaign</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Manipur_War" title="Anglo-Manipur War">Anglo-Manipur War</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Uprising" title="Pahang Uprising">Pahang Uprising</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Matabele_War" title="First Matabele War">Matabeleland</a> (1893–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mat_Salleh_Rebellion" title="Mat Salleh Rebellion">North Borneo</a> (1894–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitral_Expedition" title="Chitral Expedition">Chitral Expedition</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Raid" title="Jameson Raid">Jameson Raid South Africa</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zanzibar_War" title="Anglo-Zanzibar War">Anglo-Zanzibar War</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chimurenga" class="mw-redirect" title="First Chimurenga">Matabeleland</a> (1896–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Expedition_of_1897" title="Benin Expedition of 1897">Benin Expedition</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malakand" title="Siege of Malakand">Siege of Malakand</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_campaign_of_1897%E2%80%931898" title="Mohmand campaign of 1897–1898">First Mohmand campaign</a> (1897–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirah_campaign" title="Tirah campaign">Tirah campaign</a> (1897–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War_(1899)" title="Six-Day War (1899)">Six-Day War</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> (1898–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> (1899–1902)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland</a> (1900–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Aro_War" title="Anglo-Aro War">West Africa</a> (1901–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet" title="British expedition to Tibet">Tibet expedition</a> (1903–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambatha_Rebellion" title="Bambatha Rebellion">Bambatha Rebellion</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_in_the_Tochi" title="Operations in the Tochi">Tochi</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising" title="Chilembwe uprising">Nyasaland</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussa_rebellion" title="Bussa rebellion">Nigeria</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_against_the_Mohmands,_Bunerwals_and_Swatis_in_1915" title="Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis in 1915">Peshawar</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_blockade" title="Mohmand blockade">Mohmand</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Quebec</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adubi_War" title="Adubi War">Nigeria</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)">Waziristan campaign</a> (1919–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_rebellion" title="Malabar rebellion">Malabar rebellion</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji_revolts" title="Mahmud Barzanji revolts">Kurdistan</a> (1922–24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwan_Rebellion" title="Adwan Rebellion">Transjordan</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink%27s_War" title="Pink's War">Pink's War</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhwan_revolt" title="Ikhwan revolt">Ikhwan revolt</a> (1927–30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afridi_Redshirt_Rebellion,_Indian_North_West_Frontier_1930%E2%80%931931" title="Afridi Redshirt Rebellion, Indian North West Frontier 1930–1931">Tirah</a> (1930–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Barzani_revolt" title="Ahmed Barzani revolt">Barzani revolt</a> (1931–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_campaign_of_1935" title="Mohmand campaign of 1935">Second Mohmand campaign</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">Arab revolt in Palestine</a> (1936–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1936%E2%80%931939)" title="Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)">Waziristan campaign</a> (1936–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woyane_rebellion" title="Woyane rebellion">Ethiopia</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish revolt in Palestine</a> (1944–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Indochina</a> (1945–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Surabaya" title="Battle of Surabaya">Indonesia</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cession_movement_of_Sarawak" title="Anti-cession movement of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> (1946–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> (1948–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Kenya Emergency</a> (1952–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Oman</a> (1954–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a> (1955–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhofar Rebellion">Oman</a> (1962–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_revolt" title="Brunei revolt">Brunei</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Sarawak</a> (1962–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Malaysia</a> (1962–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden</a> (1963–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">Northern Ireland Troubles</a> (1969–mid-1990s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Palliser" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Palliser">Sierra Leone Civil War</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> (2001–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somali Civil War (2009–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2012–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali conflict">Northern Mali conflict</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">ISIS war</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIS">Military intervention against ISIS</a> (2014–present</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233507#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at 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