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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_of_the_Taliban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Rise of the Taliban </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_of_the_Taliban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Al-Qaeda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Qaeda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Al-Qaeda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Qaeda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_11_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_11_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 September 11 attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_11_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US_ultimatum_to_the_Taliban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_ultimatum_to_the_Taliban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 US ultimatum to the Taliban </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_ultimatum_to_the_Taliban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tactical_overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactical_overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Tactical overview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tactical_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2001:_Invasion_and_early_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001:_Invasion_and_early_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2001: Invasion and early operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001:_Invasion_and_early_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2002–2005:_Taliban_resurgence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002–2005:_Taliban_resurgence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2002–2005: Taliban resurgence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002–2005:_Taliban_resurgence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coalition_mistakes,_Taliban_start_to_re-organize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coalition_mistakes,_Taliban_start_to_re-organize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Coalition mistakes, Taliban start to re-organize </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coalition_mistakes,_Taliban_start_to_re-organize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006–2007:_Escalating_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006–2007:_Escalating_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 2006–2007: Escalating war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006–2007:_Escalating_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008-2009:_NATO_build-up,_Pakistan_skirmishes,_and_Karzai_re-election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008-2009:_NATO_build-up,_Pakistan_skirmishes,_and_Karzai_re-election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 2008-2009: NATO build-up, Pakistan skirmishes, and Karzai re-election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008-2009:_NATO_build-up,_Pakistan_skirmishes,_and_Karzai_re-election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010–2011:_Strategic_agreements_and_death_of_Bin_Laden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010–2011:_Strategic_agreements_and_death_of_Bin_Laden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 2010–2011: Strategic agreements and death of Bin Laden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010–2011:_Strategic_agreements_and_death_of_Bin_Laden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012-2013:_U.S._troop_incidents,_Obama-Karzai_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012-2013:_U.S._troop_incidents,_Obama-Karzai_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 2012-2013: U.S. troop incidents, Obama-Karzai meetings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-2013:_U.S._troop_incidents,_Obama-Karzai_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014–2015:_Withdrawal_and_increase_of_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014–2015:_Withdrawal_and_increase_of_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 2014–2015: Withdrawal and increase of insurgency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014–2015:_Withdrawal_and_increase_of_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016-2017:_Collapse_of_peace_talks,_emergence_of_Islamic_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016-2017:_Collapse_of_peace_talks,_emergence_of_Islamic_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 2016-2017: Collapse of peace talks, emergence of Islamic State </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-2017:_Collapse_of_peace_talks,_emergence_of_Islamic_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018–2019:_Peace_overtures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018–2019:_Peace_overtures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 2018–2019: Peace overtures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018–2019:_Peace_overtures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020:_US-Taliban_deal,_beginning_of_US_withdrawal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020:_US-Taliban_deal,_beginning_of_US_withdrawal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 2020: US-Taliban deal, beginning of US withdrawal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020:_US-Taliban_deal,_beginning_of_US_withdrawal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021:_End_of_US_withdrawal,_last_Taliban_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021:_End_of_US_withdrawal,_last_Taliban_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 2021: End of US withdrawal, last Taliban offensive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021:_End_of_US_withdrawal,_last_Taliban_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Casualties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Refugees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 War crimes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Drug trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NATO's_inability_to_stabilize_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NATO's_inability_to_stabilize_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 NATO's inability to stabilize Afghanistan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-NATO's_inability_to_stabilize_Afghanistan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle NATO's inability to stabilize Afghanistan subsection </button> <ul id="toc-NATO's_inability_to_stabilize_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment_and_drug_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment_and_drug_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Environment and drug trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment_and_drug_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_mistakes_and_the_US's_other_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_mistakes_and_the_US's_other_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Early mistakes and the US's other war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_mistakes_and_the_US's_other_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_corruption_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_corruption_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Domestic corruption and politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_corruption_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_of_non-NATO_actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_of_non-NATO_actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Influence of non-NATO actors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_of_non-NATO_actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_public_misleading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_public_misleading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 American public misleading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_public_misleading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_support_for_the_Taliban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_support_for_the_Taliban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Foreign support for the Taliban </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_support_for_the_Taliban-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreign support for the Taliban subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_support_for_the_Taliban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia_and_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia_and_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Russia and Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia_and_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Domestic reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 International public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests,_demonstrations_and_rallies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests,_demonstrations_and_rallies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Protests, demonstrations and rallies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protests,_demonstrations_and_rallies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formation_of_the_Taliban_government_and_international_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_of_the_Taliban_government_and_international_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Formation of the Taliban government and international recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_of_the_Taliban_government_and_international_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republican_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republican_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Republican insurgency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republican_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_State_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_State_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Islamic State activity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_State_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abandonment_of_Afghan_allies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abandonment_of_Afghan_allies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Abandonment of Afghan allies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abandonment_of_Afghan_allies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanitarian_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanitarian_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Humanitarian crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanitarian_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" > 69 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="الحرب في أفغانستان (2001–2021) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب في أفغانستان (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_d%27Afganist%C3%A1n_(2001-2021)" title="Guerra d'Afganistán (2001-2021) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra d'Afganistán (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Ffqan%C4%B1stan_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Əfqanıstan müharibəsi (2001–2021) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əfqanıstan müharibəsi (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="মার্কিন-আফগান যুদ্ধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন-আফগান যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88_(2001%E2%80%942021)" title="Афғанстанда һуғыш (2001—2021) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Афғанстанда һуғыш (2001—2021)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%9E_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_(2001%E2%80%942021)" title="Вайна ў Афганістане (2001—2021) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вайна ў Афганістане (2001—2021)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(2001_%E2%80%93_2021)" title="Война в Афганистан (2001 – 2021) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Война в Афганистан (2001 – 2021)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezel_Afghanistan_(2001-2021)" title="Brezel Afghanistan (2001-2021) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brezel Afghanistan (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_l%27Afganistan" title="Guerra de l'Afganistan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra de l'Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lka_v_Afgh%C3%A1nist%C3%A1nu_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Válka v Afghánistánu (2001–2021) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Válka v Afghánistánu (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_Affganistan_(2001%E2%80%9321)" title="Rhyfel Affganistan (2001–21) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel Affganistan (2001–21)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigen_i_Afghanistan_(2001-2021)" title="Krigen i Afghanistan (2001-2021) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krigen i Afghanistan (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krieg_in_Afghanistan_2001%E2%80%932021" title="Krieg in Afghanistan 2001–2021 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krieg in Afghanistan 2001–2021" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistani_s%C3%B5da_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Afganistani sõda (2001–2021) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Afganistani sõda (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CF%86%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD_(2001-2021)" title="Πόλεμος του Αφγανιστάν (2001-2021) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλεμος του Αφγανιστάν (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_Afganist%C3%A1n_(2001-2021)" title="Guerra de Afganistán (2001-2021) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra de Afganistán (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milito_en_Afganio_(2001-2021)" title="Milito en Afganio (2001-2021) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Milito en Afganio (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistango_gerra_(2001-2021)" title="Afganistango gerra (2001-2021) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Afganistango gerra (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B1%E2%80%93%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B1)" title="جنگ در افغانستان (۲۰۲۱–۲۰۰۱) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ در افغانستان (۲۰۲۱–۲۰۰۱)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_d%27Afghanistan_(2001-2021)" title="Guerre d'Afghanistan (2001-2021) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre d'Afghanistan (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogadh_na_hAfganast%C3%A1ine_(2001_-_2021)" title="Cogadh na hAfganastáine (2001 - 2021) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cogadh na hAfganastáine (2001 - 2021)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81_(2001%EB%85%84~2021%EB%85%84)" title="아프가니스탄 전쟁 (2001년~2021년) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아프가니스탄 전쟁 (2001년~2021년)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%86%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4_(2001-2021)" title="Աֆղանական պատերազմ (2001-2021) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աֆղանական պատերազմ (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="अफ़ग़ानिस्तान युद्ध (2001–2021) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अफ़ग़ानिस्तान युद्ध (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_u_Afganistanu_(2001._%E2%80%93_2021.)" title="Rat u Afganistanu (2001. – 2021.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rat u Afganistanu (2001. – 2021.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_di_Afganistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Perang di Afganistan (2001–2021) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang di Afganistan (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%AD%C3%B0i%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Afganistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Stríðið í Afganistan (2001–2021) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stríðið í Afganistan (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_in_Afghanistan_(2001-2021)" title="Guerra in Afghanistan (2001-2021) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra in Afghanistan (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="מלחמת אפגניסטן (2001–2021) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת אפגניסטן (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="ავღანეთის ომი (2001–2021) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავღანეთის ომი (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C5%A1_Afganist%C4%81n%C4%81_(2001%E2%80%942014)" title="Karš Afganistānā (2001—2014) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karš Afganistānā (2001—2014)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistano_karas_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Afganistano karas (2001–2021) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Afganistano karas (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganiszt%C3%A1ni_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Afganisztáni háború – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Afganisztáni háború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Авганистанска војна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Авганистанска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82_(2001-_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD)" title="അഫ്ഗാൻ യുദ്ധം (2001- നിലവിൽ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഫ്ഗാൻ യുദ്ധം (2001- നിലവിൽ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_di_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Perang di Afghanistan (2001–2021) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang di Afghanistan (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_2001_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Афганистаны дайн 2001 оноос – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Афганистаны дайн 2001 оноос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oorlog_in_Afghanistan_(2001-2021)" title="Oorlog in Afghanistan (2001-2021) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oorlog in Afghanistan (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%82%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E7%B4%9B%E4%BA%89_(2001%E5%B9%B4-2021%E5%B9%B4)" title="アフガニスタン紛争 (2001年-2021年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフガニスタン紛争 (2001年-2021年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigen_i_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Krigen i Afghanistan (2001–2021) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krigen i Afghanistan (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Afganistan" title="Segonda Guèrra d'Afganistan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Segonda Guèrra d'Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afg%CA%BBonistondagi_urush_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Afgʻonistondagi urush (2001–2021) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Afgʻonistondagi urush (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7_(2001%E2%80%9314)" title="ਅਫਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਯੁੱਧ (2001–14) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਫਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਯੁੱਧ (2001–14)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B1%D8%A1_%E2%80%93_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B1%D8%A1)" title="افغانستان وچ جنگ (۲۰۰۱ء – ۲۰۲۱ء) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="افغانستان وچ جنگ (۲۰۰۱ء – ۲۰۲۱ء)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B1-_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B1)" title="د افغانستان جګړه (۲۰۰۱- ۲۰۲۱) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د افغانستان جګړه (۲۰۰۱- ۲۰۲۱)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_w_Afganistanie_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Wojna w Afganistanie (2001–2021) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna w Afganistanie (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_do_Afeganist%C3%A3o_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Guerra do Afeganistão (2001–2021) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra do Afeganistão (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_din_Afganistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Războiul din Afganistan (2001–2021) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul din Afganistan (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_(2001%E2%80%942021)" title="Война в Афганистане (2001—2021) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Война в Афганистане (2001—2021)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gherra_de_Afganist%C3%A0n_(2001-sighende)" title="Gherra de Afganistàn (2001-sighende) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gherra de Afganistàn (2001-sighende)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_n%C3%AB_Afganistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Lufta në Afganistan (2001–2021) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta në Afganistan (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_nti_l%27Afganistan_(2001-2021)" title="Guerra nti l'Afganistan (2001-2021) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Guerra nti l'Afganistan (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_v_Afganistane_(2001_%E2%80%93_2021)" title="Vojna v Afganistane (2001 – 2021) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vojna v Afganistane (2001 – 2021)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Afgaanistaan_%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B(2001-taako)" title="Dagaalkii Afgaanistaan (2001-taako) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dagaalkii Afgaanistaan (2001-taako)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95_%D9%84%DB%95_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A0%D9%A1-%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A2%D9%A1)" title="شەڕ لە ئەفغانستان (٢٠٠١-٢٠٢١) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕ لە ئەفغانستان (٢٠٠١-٢٠٢١)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_(2001%E2%80%942021)" title="Рат у Авганистану (2001—2021) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рат у Авганистану (2001—2021)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_u_Afganistanu_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Rat u Afganistanu (2001–2021) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rat u Afganistanu (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistanin_sota_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Afganistanin sota (2001–2021) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Afganistanin sota (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistankriget_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Afghanistankriget (2001–2021) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Afghanistankriget (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2544%E2%80%93%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2564)" title="สงครามในอัฟกานิสถาน (พ.ศ. 2544–พ.ศ. 2564) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามในอัฟกานิสถาน (พ.ศ. 2544–พ.ศ. 2564)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_(2001-2021)" title="Afganistan Savaşı (2001-2021) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Afganistan Savaşı (2001-2021)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_(2001%E2%80%942021)" title="Війна в Афганістані (2001—2021) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Війна в Афганістані (2001—2021)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_(2001%D8%A1_%E2%80%93_2021%D8%A1)" title="افغانستان میں جنگ (2001ء – 2021ء) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="افغانستان میں جنگ (2001ء – 2021ء)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Chiến tranh Afghanistan (2001–2021) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh Afghanistan (2001–2021)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%EF%BC%882001%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89" title="阿富汗战争（2001年） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿富汗战争（2001年）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(2001%E5%B9%B4-2021%E5%B9%B4)" title="阿富汗戰爭 (2001年-2021年) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿富汗戰爭 (2001年-2021年)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(2001%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%942021%E5%B9%B4)" title="阿富汗戰爭 (2001年—2021年) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿富汗戰爭 (2001年—2021年)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182865#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Armed conflict between NATO countries and Afghanistan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the American war in Afghanistan. For the Soviet war in Afghanistan, see <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>. For the global military campaign resulting from the 9/11 attacks, see <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (disambiguation)">War in Afghanistan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">Global War on Terrorism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:none;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_firefight_in_Kunar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Seven soldiers in beige tactical gear huddle behind a row of green sandbags on a mountainside, pointing rifles in various directions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_firefight_in_Kunar.jpg/142px-U.S._Army_firefight_in_Kunar.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_firefight_in_Kunar.jpg/213px-U.S._Army_firefight_in_Kunar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_firefight_in_Kunar.jpg/284px-U.S._Army_firefight_in_Kunar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4554" data-file-height="3036" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:none;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:F-15E_drops_2,000-pound_munitions_Afghanistan_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle dropping 2000-pound munitions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/F-15E_drops_2%2C000-pound_munitions_Afghanistan_2009.jpg/142px-F-15E_drops_2%2C000-pound_munitions_Afghanistan_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/F-15E_drops_2%2C000-pound_munitions_Afghanistan_2009.jpg/213px-F-15E_drops_2%2C000-pound_munitions_Afghanistan_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/F-15E_drops_2%2C000-pound_munitions_Afghanistan_2009.jpg/284px-F-15E_drops_2%2C000-pound_munitions_Afghanistan_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="1896" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:74px;max-width:74px"><div style="border:none;;height:79px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Afghan_National_Army_soldier_surveys_a_valley_for_suspicious_activity_during_an_operation_in_Ghorband_district,_Parwan_province,_Afghanistan,_Jan._15,_2014_140115-A-CL980-187_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An Afghan National Army soldier in camouflage gear points a rifle over a dirt wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/An_Afghan_National_Army_soldier_surveys_a_valley_for_suspicious_activity_during_an_operation_in_Ghorband_district%2C_Parwan_province%2C_Afghanistan%2C_Jan._15%2C_2014_140115-A-CL980-187_%28cropped%29.jpg/72px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/An_Afghan_National_Army_soldier_surveys_a_valley_for_suspicious_activity_during_an_operation_in_Ghorband_district%2C_Parwan_province%2C_Afghanistan%2C_Jan._15%2C_2014_140115-A-CL980-187_%28cropped%29.jpg/108px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/An_Afghan_National_Army_soldier_surveys_a_valley_for_suspicious_activity_during_an_operation_in_Ghorband_district%2C_Parwan_province%2C_Afghanistan%2C_Jan._15%2C_2014_140115-A-CL980-187_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3455" data-file-height="3819" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style="border:none;;height:79px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldiers_of_Somme_Company,_1st_Lancs_Board_a_Chinook_in_Afghanistan_During_Op_Tor_Shezada_MOD_45151695.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="British soldiers prepare to board a Chinook twin-rotor helicopter landing on a field" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Soldiers_of_Somme_Company%2C_1st_Lancs_Board_a_Chinook_in_Afghanistan_During_Op_Tor_Shezada_MOD_45151695.jpg/135px-Soldiers_of_Somme_Company%2C_1st_Lancs_Board_a_Chinook_in_Afghanistan_During_Op_Tor_Shezada_MOD_45151695.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Soldiers_of_Somme_Company%2C_1st_Lancs_Board_a_Chinook_in_Afghanistan_During_Op_Tor_Shezada_MOD_45151695.jpg/203px-Soldiers_of_Somme_Company%2C_1st_Lancs_Board_a_Chinook_in_Afghanistan_During_Op_Tor_Shezada_MOD_45151695.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Soldiers_of_Somme_Company%2C_1st_Lancs_Board_a_Chinook_in_Afghanistan_During_Op_Tor_Shezada_MOD_45151695.jpg/270px-Soldiers_of_Somme_Company%2C_1st_Lancs_Board_a_Chinook_in_Afghanistan_During_Op_Tor_Shezada_MOD_45151695.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2123" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:74px;max-width:74px"><div style="border:none;;height:79px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghan_soldiers_train_with_airpower_DVIDS247921_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An Afghan National Army soldier stands atop a desert-camouflaged Humvee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Afghan_soldiers_train_with_airpower_DVIDS247921_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/72px-Afghan_soldiers_train_with_airpower_DVIDS247921_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Afghan_soldiers_train_with_airpower_DVIDS247921_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/108px-Afghan_soldiers_train_with_airpower_DVIDS247921_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Afghan_soldiers_train_with_airpower_DVIDS247921_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/144px-Afghan_soldiers_train_with_airpower_DVIDS247921_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="1610" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:none;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul,_August_2021_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taliban soldiers ride a beige Humvee through the streets of Kabul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png/142px-Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png/213px-Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png/284px-Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1607" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:none;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_110212-A-1782C-002_-_U.S._and_Afghan_soldiers_move_through_Kherwar_district_to_prevent_Taliban_freedom_of_movement_in_Logar_province_Afghanistan_on_Feb.12_2011._The.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Soldiers in green camouflage gear trudge through snow during a snowstorm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense.gov_News_Photo_110212-A-1782C-002_-_U.S._and_Afghan_soldiers_move_through_Kherwar_district_to_prevent_Taliban_freedom_of_movement_in_Logar_province_Afghanistan_on_Feb.12_2011._The.jpg/142px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense.gov_News_Photo_110212-A-1782C-002_-_U.S._and_Afghan_soldiers_move_through_Kherwar_district_to_prevent_Taliban_freedom_of_movement_in_Logar_province_Afghanistan_on_Feb.12_2011._The.jpg/213px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense.gov_News_Photo_110212-A-1782C-002_-_U.S._and_Afghan_soldiers_move_through_Kherwar_district_to_prevent_Taliban_freedom_of_movement_in_Logar_province_Afghanistan_on_Feb.12_2011._The.jpg/284px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1276" /></a></div></div></div></div></div> Clockwise from top-left: American troops in a firefight with Taliban insurgents in <a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar Province</a>; An American F-15E Strike Eagle dropping 2000 pound <a href="/wiki/Joint_Direct_Attack_Munition" title="Joint Direct Attack Munition">JDAMs</a> on a cave in eastern Afghanistan; an Afghan soldier surveying atop a <a href="/wiki/Humvee" title="Humvee">Humvee</a>; Afghan and American soldiers move through snow in <a href="/wiki/Logar_Province" title="Logar Province">Logar Province</a>; victorious Taliban fighters after securing <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>; an Afghan soldier surveying a valley in <a href="/wiki/Parwan_Province" title="Parwan Province">Parwan Province</a>; British troops preparing to board a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Chinook_(UK_variants)" title="Boeing Chinook (UK variants)">Chinook</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tor_Shezada" title="Operation Tor Shezada">Operation Black Prince</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>7 October 2001 – 30 August 2021 (19 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 2 days) <hr /> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">First phase</a>: 7 October 2001 – 28 December 2014</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Operation_Freedom%27s_Sentinel" title="Operation Freedom's Sentinel">Second phase</a>: 1 January 2015 – 30 August 2021<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan#Contemporary_era_(1973–present)" title="History of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[a]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Taliban victory<a href="#cite_note-taliban_victory-37">[36]</a><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> continues</li><li>Anti-Taliban <a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a> begins</li></ul></div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center"><div style="margin: 0 4em">First phase:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">Invasion and overthrow</a> of the Taliban-governed <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> in December 2001</li> <li>Beginning of <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a></li> <li>Establishment of the coalition-backed <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</a> in January 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a> on 2 May 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li>Gradual "<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)#2012-2014:_Security_handover_and_Bilateral_Security_Agreement" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Afghanization</a>" of combat operations during <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a> drawdown</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Second phase:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" class="mw-redirect" title="US–Taliban deal">Doha Agreement</a> between U.S. and Taliban begins <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">withdrawal of U.S.-led forces</a>, full withdrawal completes on 30 August 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 Taliban offensive</a> culminates in overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</a></li> <li>Formal end of fighting on 15 August 2021 with the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">fall of Kabul</a></li> <li>National <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Afghanistan#Islamic_Emirate_(2021–present)" title="Cabinet of Afghanistan">interim Taliban government</a> announced on 7 September 2021</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> Taliban control over Afghanistan increases compared to <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan#Taliban_vs._Northern_Alliance_(1996–2001)" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">pre-intervention territory</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Invasion (2001): <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-fast_facts-1">[1]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Invasion (2001): <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a><a href="#cite_note-News_–_Resolute_Support_Mission-3">[3]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/055_Brigade" title="055 Brigade">055 Brigade</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> ISAF/RS phase (2001–2021): <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic State of Afghanistan">Islamic State of Afghanistan</a> (2001–2002) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282002%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282002%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282002%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282002%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282002%E2%80%932004%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282002%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan">Afghan Transitional Authority</a> (2002–2004) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</a> (2004–2021)<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /> <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a> (2001–2014; 51 countries)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Kingdom </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Canada </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Germany </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> Australia </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> Italy </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> New Zealand </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia (country)</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </li></ul> </div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="216" /> <a href="/wiki/Resolute_Support_Mission" title="Resolute Support Mission">Resolute Support</a> (2015–2021; 36 countries)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> (allegedly; from 2015)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nangialai-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Khost_Protection_Force" title="Khost Protection Force">Khost Protection Force</a> and other pro-government paramilitaries<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> ISAF/RS phase (2001–2021): <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haqqani_network" title="Haqqani network">Haqqani network</a><a href="#cite_note-longwarjournal.org-11">[11]</a> (from 2002)</li></ul></div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent">Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li></ul></div><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Supported by:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="383" /> <a href="/wiki/Hezb-e-Islami_Gulbuddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin">Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin</a> (on and off until 2016)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Union" title="Islamic Jihad Union">Islamic Jihad Union</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> (from 2002)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a> (until 2015)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Turkistan_Islamic_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkistan_Islamic_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Turkistan_Islamic_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkistan_Islamic_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Turkistan_Islamic_Party.svg/46px-Flag_of_Turkistan_Islamic_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="478" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party" title="Turkistan Islamic Party">Turkistan Islamic Party</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="236" /> <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Jhangvi" title="Lashkar-e-Jhangvi">Lashkar-e-Jhangvi</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/23px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/35px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/45px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /> <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Islam" title="Lashkar-e-Islam">Lashkar-e-Islam</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (alleged, but denied by Iran)<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (alleged, but denied by Pakistan)<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (alleged, but denied by Russia)<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> (alleged, but denied by Saudi Arabia)<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> (alleged by Saudi Arabia, but denied by Qatar)<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (alleged by the US, but denied by China)<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li></ul> </div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Taliban splinter groups<div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Dadullah_Front" title="Mullah Dadullah Front">Mullah Dadullah Front</a> (from 2012)<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fidai_Mahaz" title="Fidai Mahaz">Fidai Mahaz</a> (from 2013)</li></ul></div> <hr /> RS phase (2015–2021): <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">ISIL–KP</a> (from 2015)<a href="#cite_note-find_sanctuary-32">[32]</a><div><ul><li>Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (since 2015)<a href="#cite_note-IMU_joins_ISIL-33">[33]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd">Kevin Rudd</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Monti" title="Mario Monti">Mario Monti</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Letta" title="Enrico Letta">Enrico Letta</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Mario Draghi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> <hr /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="216" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._McKenzie_Jr." title="Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.">Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Campbell_(general)" title="John F. Campbell (general)">John F. Campbell</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /> <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force#List_of_Commanders" title="International Security Assistance Force">List of former ISAF Commanders</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="216" /> <a href="/wiki/Resolute_Support_Mission#List_of_commanders" title="Resolute Support Mission">List of former RS Commanders</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Nangialai <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Nangialai-9">[9]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Abdul Manan Niazi <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes">#</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Mansour" title="Akhtar Mansour">Akhtar Mansour</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Obaidullah_Akhund" title="Obaidullah Akhund">Obaidullah Akhund</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-tribune.com.pk-39">[38]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes">#</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Yaqoob" title="Mullah Yaqoob">Mullah Yaqoob</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghani_Baradar" title="Abdul Ghani Baradar">Abdul Ghani Baradar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="383" /> <a href="/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar" title="Gulbuddin Hekmatyar">Gulbuddin Hekmatyar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">†</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_AQIS.svg/23px-Flag_of_AQIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_AQIS.svg/35px-Flag_of_AQIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_AQIS.svg/46px-Flag_of_AQIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="328" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Asim_Umar" title="Asim Umar">Asim Umar</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><hr /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rasul" title="Muhammad Rasul">Muhammad Rasul</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Najibullah_(militant_leader)" title="Najibullah (militant leader)">Haji Najibullah</a><a href="#cite_note-newsweek.com-40">[39]</a> <hr /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Shahab_al-Muhajir" title="Shahab al-Muhajir">Shahab al-Muhajir</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Saeed_Khan" title="Hafiz Saeed Khan">Hafiz Saeed Khan</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Mawlavi Habib Ur Rahman<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haseeb_Logari" title="Abdul Haseeb Logari">Abdul Haseeb Logari</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Ghaleb" title="Abdul Rahman Ghaleb">Abdul Rahman Ghaleb</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Abu Saad Erhabi <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Abdullah Orokzai (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Qari_Hekmat" title="Qari Hekmat">Qari Hekmat</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Mufti_Nemat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufti Nemat">Mufti Nemat</a> <a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Dawood Ahmad Sofi <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Mohamed Zahran <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">†</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Ishfaq Ahmed Sofi <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /> <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a>: 130,000+ (Peak Strength)<a href="#cite_note-NATO_2003-43">[42]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Security_Forces" title="Afghan National Security Forces">Afghan National Defense and Security Forces</a>: 307,947 (Peak Strength, January 2021)<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Resolute_Support_Mission.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="216" /> <a href="/wiki/Resolute_Support_Mission" title="Resolute Support Mission">Resolute Support Mission</a>: 17,178 (Peak Strength, October 2019)<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Defence Contractors: 117,227 (Peak Strength, Q2 2012)<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan: 3,000–3,500<a href="#cite_note-red_on_red-47">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Khost_Protection_Force" title="Khost Protection Force">Khost Protection Force</a>: 3,000-10,000 (2018)<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>: 58,000-100,000 (As of February 2021)<a href="#cite_note-CNN.com-49">[48]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haqqani_network" title="Haqqani network">Haqqani network</a>: 4,000–15,000 (2009)<a href="#cite_note-rassler-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_15haqqani-52">[51]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="383" /> <a href="/wiki/Hezbi_Islami_Gulbuddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin">HIG</a>: 1,500–2,000+ (2014)<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>: ~300 in 2016<a href="#cite_note-working_more_closely-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> (~ 3,000 in 2001)<a href="#cite_note-working_more_closely-54">[53]</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Fidai_Mahaz" title="Fidai Mahaz">Fidai Mahaz</a>: 8,000 (2013)<a href="#cite_note-newsweek.com-40">[39]</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> ISIL–KP: 3,500–4,000 (2018, in Afghanistan)<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Afghan_security_forces_fatality_reports_in_Afghanistan" title="List of Afghan security forces fatality reports in Afghanistan">Afghan security forces:</a> 66,000–69,095 killed<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-WatsonBrown2022-59">[58]</a> Northern Alliance: 200 killed<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="Coalition casualties in Afghanistan">Coalition</a>: Dead: 3,579 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_casualties_in_the_War_in_Afghanistan" title="United States military casualties in the War in Afghanistan">United States</a>: 2,420</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_casualties_in_Afghanistan_since_2001" title="British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001">United Kingdom</a>: 457<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="Canadian Forces casualties in Afghanistan">Canada</a>: 159</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_forces_in_Afghanistan" title="French forces in Afghanistan">France</a>: 90</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Armed_Forces_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="German Armed Forces casualties in Afghanistan">Germany</a>: 62</li> <li>Italy: 53</li> <li>Others: 338</li></ul> </div> Wounded: 23,536 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0.8em;"> <ul><li>United States: 20,713<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: 2,188<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a></li> <li>Canada: 2,071<a href="#cite_note-69">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_contractor_deaths_in_Afghanistan" title="List of private contractor deaths in Afghanistan">Contractors</a> Dead: 3,917<a href="#cite_note-WatsonBrown2022-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-dol.gov-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-projects.propublica.org-72">[70]</a> Wounded: 15,000+<a href="#cite_note-dol.gov-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-projects.propublica.org-72">[70]</a> Total killed: 76,591</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban insurgents</a>: 52,893 killed<a href="#cite_note-WatsonBrown2022-59">[58]</a> (2,000+ <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> fighters)<a href="#cite_note-working_more_closely-54">[53]</a> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/ISIL%E2%80%93KP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL–KP">ISIL–KP</a>: 2,400+ killed<a href="#cite_note-find_sanctuary-32">[32]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> Civilians killed: 70,000 <a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> <hr /> Total killed: 176,206 (per <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>)<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> 212,191+ (per <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Conflict_Data_Program" title="Uppsala Conflict Data Program">UCDP</a>)<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style>a The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of November 2014.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562">b The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of May 2017.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict (2015–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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title="Template talk:Campaignbox Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa(North-West_Pakistan)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> (North-West Pakistan)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wanna" title="Battle of Wanna">Wana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lal_Masjid" title="Siege of Lal Masjid">Sunrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mirali" title="Battle of Mirali">Mirali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Swat" title="First Battle of Swat">Rah-e-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zalzala" title="Operation Zalzala">Earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sirat-e-Mustaqeem" title="Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem">Righteous Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bajaur" title="Battle of Bajaur">Sherdil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angur_Ada_raid" title="Angur Ada raid">Angur Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Thunderstorm" title="Operation Black Thunderstorm">Black Thunderstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Swat" title="Second Battle of Swat">Rah-e-Raast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Janbaz" title="Operation Janbaz">Janbaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Khyber_Pass_offensive" title="2009 Khyber Pass offensive">Khyber Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rah-e-Nijat" title="Operation Rah-e-Nijat">Rah-e-Nijat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orakzai_and_Kurram_offensive" title="Orakzai and Kurram offensive">Khwakh Ba De Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohmand Offensive">Mohmand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden#Operation_Neptune_Spear" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Neptune Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Koh-e-Sufaid" title="Operation Koh-e-Sufaid">Koh-e-Sufaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zarb-e-Azb" title="Operation Zarb-e-Azb">Zarb-e-Azb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Khyber" title="Operation Khyber">Khyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ghazi" title="Operation Ghazi">Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Radd-ul-Fasaad" title="Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad">Radd-ul-Fasaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinghara_skirmish" title="Zinghara skirmish">Zinghara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bannu_counterterrorism_centre_attack_and_siege" title="2022 Bannu counterterrorism centre attack and siege">Bannu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">American airstrikes</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Damadola_airstrike" title="Damadola airstrike">Damadola</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chenagai_airstrike" title="Chenagai airstrike">Chenagai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa#Intensified_drone_strikes_and_border_skirmishes_with_United_States" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Dande Darpakhel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Miramshah_airstrike" title="Miramshah airstrike">Miramshah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baghar_China_airstrike" title="Baghar China airstrike">Baghar China</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laghman_airstrikes" title="Laghman airstrikes">Laghman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shrawangai_Nazarkhel_airstrike" title="Shrawangai Nazarkhel airstrike">Shrawangai Nazarkhel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Datta_Khel_airstrike" title="Datta Khel airstrike">Datta Khel</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/2022_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan" title="2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan">Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan</a>:</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan" title="2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan">Spera and Shultan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a> (since 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_skirmishes" title="Pakistan–United States skirmishes">Pakistan–United States skirmishes</a> (2008–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_refugee_crisis_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan">2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Template:Campaignbox War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">History</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Timeline of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Afghanistan" title="2001 in Afghanistan">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_Afghanistan" title="2002 in Afghanistan">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Afghanistan" title="2003 in Afghanistan">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Afghanistan" title="2004 in Afghanistan">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Afghanistan" title="2005 in Afghanistan">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Afghanistan" title="2006 in Afghanistan">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Afghanistan" title="2007 in Afghanistan">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Afghanistan" title="2008 in Afghanistan">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Afghanistan" title="2009 in Afghanistan">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Afghanistan" title="2010 in Afghanistan">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Afghanistan" title="2011 in Afghanistan">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Afghanistan" title="2012 in Afghanistan">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Afghanistan" title="2013 in Afghanistan">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Afghanistan" title="2014 in Afghanistan">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Afghanistan" title="2015 in Afghanistan">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Afghanistan" title="2016 in Afghanistan">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Afghanistan" title="2017 in Afghanistan">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Afghanistan" title="2018 in Afghanistan">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Afghanistan" title="2019 in Afghanistan">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Afghanistan" title="2020 in Afghanistan">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Afghanistan" title="2021 in Afghanistan">2021</a></li></ul> Battles and operations</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_2001_invasion_of_Afghanistan_campaign" title="Template:Campaignbox 2001 invasion of Afghanistan campaign"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_2001_invasion_of_Afghanistan_campaign" title="Template talk:Campaignbox 2001 invasion of Afghanistan campaign"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_2001_invasion_of_Afghanistan_campaign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox 2001 invasion of Afghanistan campaign"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Invasion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">Invasion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crescent_Wind" title="Operation Crescent Wind">Crescent Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rhino" title="Operation Rhino">Rhino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar-i-Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kunduz" title="Siege of Kunduz">Kunduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_uprising_in_Herat" title="2001 uprising in Herat">Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2001)" title="Fall of Kabul (2001)">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarinkot" title="Battle of Tarinkot">Tarinkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trent" title="Operation Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kandahar" title="Fall of Kandahar">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qala-i-Jangi" title="Battle of Qala-i-Jangi">Qala-i-Jangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shawali_Kowt" title="Battle of Shawali Kowt">Shawali Kowt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sayyd_Alma_Kalay" title="Battle of Sayyd Alma Kalay">Sayyd Alma Kalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora" title="Battle of Tora Bora">Tora Bora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Helmand_province_campaign" title="Template:Campaignbox Helmand province campaign"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Helmand_province_campaign" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Helmand province campaign"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Helmand_province_campaign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Helmand province campaign"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Helmand_Province_campaign" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Helmand_province_campaign" title="Helmand province campaign">Helmand Province campaign</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Lejay_firefight" title="2003 Lejay firefight">Lejay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Fury" title="Operation Eagle Fury">Eagle Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire_incident_at_Sangin" title="Friendly fire incident at Sangin">Lashkar Gah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mountain_Thrust" title="Operation Mountain Thrust">Mountain Thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sangin" title="Siege of Sangin">1st Sangin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mountain_Fury" title="Operation Mountain Fury">Mountain Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nawzad" title="Battle of Nawzad">Nawzad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Achilles" title="Operation Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Musa_Qala" title="Siege of Musa Qala">Musa Qala I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Volcano" title="Operation Volcano">Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kryptonite" title="Operation Kryptonite">Kryptonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_(2007)" title="Operation Silver (2007)">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pickaxe-Handle" title="Operation Pickaxe-Handle">Pickaxe-Handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hammer_(Afghanistan)" title="Operation Hammer (Afghanistan)">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Nasrat" title="Operation Nasrat">Nasrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Musa_Qala" title="Battle of Musa Qala">Musa Qala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garmsir" title="Battle of Garmsir">Garmsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle%27s_Summit" title="Operation Eagle's Summit">Eagle's Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Red_Dagger" title="Operation Red Dagger">Red Dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shahi_Tandar" title="Operation Shahi Tandar">Shahi Tandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Diesel" title="Operation Diesel">Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mar_Lewe" title="Operation Mar Lewe">Mar Lewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panther%27s_Claw" title="Operation Panther's Claw">Panther's Claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Strike_of_the_Sword" title="Operation Strike of the Sword">Strike of the Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dahaneh" title="Battle of Dahaneh">Dahaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra%27s_Anger" title="Operation Cobra's Anger">Cobra's Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Moshtarak" title="Operation Moshtarak">Moshtarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tor_Shezada" title="Operation Tor Shezada">Tor Shezada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sangin_(2010)" title="Battle of Sangin (2010)">Battle of Sangin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2012_raid_on_Camp_Bastion" title="September 2012 raid on Camp Bastion">Camp Bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Afghanistan_bombings" title="January 2017 Afghanistan bombings">January 2017 Lashkargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Sangin" title="Fall of Sangin">Sangin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Lashkargah_bombing" title="June 2017 Lashkargah bombing">June 2017 Lashkargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Camp_Shorabak_attack" title="2019 Camp Shorabak attack">Camp Shorabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Grishk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Kandahar_province_campaign" title="Template:Campaignbox Kandahar province campaign"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Kandahar_province_campaign" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Kandahar province campaign"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Kandahar_province_campaign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Kandahar province campaign"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kandahar_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_Province" title="Kandahar Province">Kandahar Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kandahar_(2001)" title="Bombing of Kandahar (2001)">2001 Kandahar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kandahar" title="Fall of Kandahar">Fall of Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnak_Farm_incident" title="Tarnak Farm incident">Tarnak Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mongoose_(2003)" title="Operation Mongoose (2003)">Mongoose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Medusa" title="Operation Medusa">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Avalanche_(Afghanistan)" title="Operation Avalanche (Afghanistan)">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kaika" title="Operation Kaika">Kaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Panjwaii" title="Battle of Panjwaii">Panjwaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Falcon_Summit" title="Operation Falcon Summit">Falcon Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hoover" title="Operation Hoover">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Luger" title="Operation Luger">Luger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kamin" title="Operation Kamin">Kamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Wali_Kot_Offensive" title="Shah Wali Kot Offensive">Shah Wali Kot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kandahar_bombing" title="2008 Kandahar bombing">2008 Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_Boldak_bombing" title="Spin Boldak bombing">Spin Boldak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarposa_prison_attack_of_2008" title="Sarposa prison attack of 2008">Sarposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arghandab_(2008)" title="Battle of Arghandab (2008)">Arghandab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wech_Baghtu_wedding_party_airstrike" title="Wech Baghtu wedding party airstrike">Wech Baghtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kandahar_bombing" title="2009 Kandahar bombing">2009 Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadahan_wedding_bombing" title="Nadahan wedding bombing">Nadahan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Hamkari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Hamkari (page does not exist)">Hamkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragon_Strike" title="Operation Dragon Strike">Dragon Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baawar" title="Operation Baawar">Baawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(2011)" title="Battle of Kandahar (2011)">Battle of Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_massacre" title="Kandahar massacre">Kandahar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Afghanistan_bombings" title="January 2017 Afghanistan bombings">2017 Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">2020 Kandahar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Eastern_Afghanistan_campaign" title="Template:Campaignbox Eastern Afghanistan campaign"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Eastern_Afghanistan_campaign" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Eastern Afghanistan campaign"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Eastern_Afghanistan_campaign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Eastern Afghanistan campaign"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Afghanistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Eastern Afghanistan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Hazar_Qadam" title="Raid on Hazar Qadam">Hazar Qadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Anaconda" title="Operation Anaconda">Anaconda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Takur_Ghar" title="Battle of Takur Ghar">Takur Ghar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warrior_Sweep" title="Operation Warrior Sweep">Warrior Sweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jacana" title="Operation Jacana">Jacana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Haven_Denial" title="Operation Haven Denial">Haven Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mountain_Resolve" title="Operation Mountain Resolve">Mountain Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tar_Heels" title="Operation Tar Heels">Tar Heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korangal_Valley_campaign" title="Korangal Valley campaign">Korangal valley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Red_Wings" title="Operation Red Wings">Red Wings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Jaji border incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_South_Korean_hostage_crisis_in_Afghanistan" title="2007 South Korean hostage crisis in Afghanistan">South Korean hostages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangar_Khel_incident" title="Nangar Khel incident">Nangar Khel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aranas" title="Battle of Aranas">Aranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wanat" title="Battle of Wanat">Wanat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebrahimkhel" title="Battle of Ebrahimkhel">Ebrahimkhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alasay" title="Battle of Alasay">Alasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Bari_Alai" title="Attack on Bari Alai">Bari Alai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ganjgal" title="Battle of Ganjgal">Ganjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kamdesh" title="Battle of Kamdesh">Kamdesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_raid_on_Narang" title="Night raid on Narang">Narang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Khataba" title="Raid on Khataba">Khataba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Badakhshan_massacre" title="2010 Badakhshan massacre">2010 Badakhshan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bad_Pakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Bad Pakh (page does not exist)">Bad Pakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bulldog_Bite" title="Operation Bulldog Bite">Bulldog Bite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barawala_Kalay_Valley" title="Battle of Barawala Kalay Valley">Barawala Kalay Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Do_Ab" title="Battle of Do Ab">Do Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asadabad" title="Battle of Asadabad">Asadabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" title="2014 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" title="2015 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_(2016)" title="Nangarhar offensive (2016)">Nangarhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janikhel_offensive" title="Janikhel offensive">Janikhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" title="2016 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_Valley_raid" title="Mohmand Valley raid">Mohmand Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora_(2017)" title="Battle of Tora Bora (2017)">Tora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">Jalalabad (January 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad (July 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="September 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad (September 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_September_2019_Afghanistan_bombings" title="17 September 2019 Afghanistan bombings">Charikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2019 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bagram_Airfield_attack" title="2019 Bagram Airfield attack">Bagram (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">May 2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Kabul_province_campaign" title="Template:Campaignbox Kabul province campaign"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Kabul_province_campaign" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Kabul province campaign"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Kabul_province_campaign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Kabul province campaign"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kabul_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kabul_Province" title="Kabul Province">Kabul Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Kabul_bombing" title="2002 Kabul bombing">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kabul_Serena_Hotel_attack" title="2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack">2008 Serena Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_bombing_of_Indian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="2008 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul">2008 Indian embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbin_Valley_ambush" title="Uzbin Valley ambush">Uzbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_raids_on_Kabul" title="February 2009 raids on Kabul">2009 raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_NATO_Afghanistan_headquarters_bombing" title="2009 NATO Afghanistan headquarters bombing">NATO HQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_bombing_of_Indian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="2009 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul">2009 Indian embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_UN_guest_house_attack_in_Kabul" title="2009 UN guest house attack in Kabul">Bakhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2010_Kabul_attack" title="January 2010 Kabul attack">January 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Kabul_attack" title="February 2010 Kabul attack">February 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2010_Kabul_bombing" title="May 2010 Kabul bombing">May 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Inter-Continental_Hotel_Kabul_attack" title="2011 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack">2011 Inter-Continental Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_attack_on_the_United_States_embassy,_Kabul" title="2011 attack on the United States embassy, Kabul">September 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Afghanistan_Ashura_bombings" title="2011 Afghanistan Ashura bombings">December 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Afghanistan_attacks" title="April 2012 Afghanistan attacks">April 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_June_2013_Kabul_bombing" title="11 June 2013 Kabul bombing">June 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Afghan_presidential_palace_attack" title="2013 Afghan presidential palace attack">Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Kabul_restaurant_attack" title="January 2014 Kabul restaurant attack">January 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kabul_Serena_Hotel_shooting" title="2014 Kabul Serena Hotel shooting">2014 Serena Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Kabul_bombings" title="December 2014 Kabul bombings">December 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Park_Palace_guesthouse_attack" title="2015 Park Palace guesthouse attack">Park Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kabul_Parliament_attack" title="2015 Kabul Parliament attack">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_August_2015_Kabul_attacks" title="7 August 2015 Kabul attacks">7 August 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_August_2015_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="10 August 2015 Kabul suicide bombing">10 August 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_August_2015_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 August 2015 Kabul suicide bombing">22 August 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Spanish_Embassy_attack_in_Kabul" title="2015 Spanish Embassy attack in Kabul">Spanish Embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Kabul_attack" title="April 2016 Kabul attack">April 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_attack_on_Canadian_Embassy_guards" title="Kabul attack on Canadian Embassy guards">Canadian Embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">July 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Afghanistan_attack" title="American University of Afghanistan attack">American University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2016 Kabul attacks">September 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Afghanistan_bombings" title="January 2017 Afghanistan bombings">January 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">March 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2017_Kabul_bombing" title="May 2017 Kabul bombing">May 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">October 2017 mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">28 December 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Inter-Continental_Hotel_Kabul_attack" title="2018 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack">2018 Inter-Continental Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_ambulance_bombing" title="Kabul ambulance bombing">Ambulance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">March 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">22 April 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">30 April 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2018 Kabul attacks">September 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="2019 Kabul mosque bombing">2019 mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_July_2019_Kabul_attack" title="1 July 2019 Kabul attack">1 July 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_July_2019_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 July 2019 Kabul suicide bombing">28 July 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="7 August 2019 Kabul bombing">7 August 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">17 August 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_and_5_September_2019_Kabul_bombings" title="2 and 5 September 2019 Kabul bombings">2 and 5 September 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_September_2019_Afghanistan_bombings" title="17 September 2019 Afghanistan bombings">17 September 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">6 March 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">May 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="June 2020 Afghanistan attacks">June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="July 2020 Afghanistan attacks">July 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="August 2020 Afghanistan attacks">August 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="September 2020 Afghanistan attacks">September 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="October 2020 Afghanistan attacks">October 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="November 2020 Afghanistan attacks">November 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">University</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">December 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">2021 school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Fall of Kabul (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_hospital_attack" title="2021 Kabul hospital attack">2021 hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Kunduz_province_campaign" title="Template:Campaignbox Kunduz province campaign"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Kunduz_province_campaign" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Kunduz province campaign"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Kunduz_province_campaign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Kunduz province campaign"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kunduz_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency_in_Northern_Afghanistan" title="Counterinsurgency in Northern Afghanistan">Kunduz Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_airlift" title="Kunduz airlift">Airlift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kunduz" title="Siege of Kunduz">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Harekate_Yolo" title="Operation Harekate Yolo">Harekate Yolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Karez" title="Operation Karez">Karez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oqab" title="Operation Oqab">Oqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kunduz_airstrike" title="2009 Kunduz airstrike">2009 airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Sahda_Ehlm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Sahda Ehlm (page does not exist)">Sahda Ehlm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Gala-e_Gorg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Gala-e Gorg (page does not exist)">Gala-e Gorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Halmazag" title="Operation Halmazag">Halmazag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunduz_(2015)" title="Battle of Kunduz (2015)">2015 battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_hospital_airstrike" title="Kunduz hospital airstrike">Hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz-Takhar_highway_hostage_crisis" title="Kunduz-Takhar highway hostage crisis">Hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunduz_(2016)" title="Battle of Kunduz (2016)">2016 battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boz_Qandahari" title="Battle of Boz Qandahari">Boz Qandahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_madrassa_airstrike" title="Kunduz madrassa airstrike">Kunduz madrassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> Major operations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mountain_Viper" title="Operation Mountain Viper">Mountain Viper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Asbury_Park" title="Operation Asbury Park">Asbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Perth" title="Operation Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chora" title="Battle of Chora">Chora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Firebase_Anaconda" title="Battle of Firebase Anaconda">Firebase Anaconda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shewan" title="Battle of Shewan">Shewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balamorghab_ambush" title="Balamorghab ambush">Balamorghab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabzak" title="Battle of Sabzak">Sabzak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derapet" title="Battle of Derapet">Derapet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doan" title="Battle of Doan">Doan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunduz_(2015)" title="Battle of Kunduz (2015)">Kunduz (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Omari" title="Operation Omari">Omari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarinkot_(2016)" title="Battle of Tarinkot (2016)">Tarinkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunduz_(2016)" title="Battle of Kunduz (2016)">Kunduz (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boz_Qandahari" title="Battle of Boz Qandahari">Boz Qandahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darzab_(2017)" title="Battle of Darzab (2017)">Darzab (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Farah" title="Battle of Farah">Farah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darzab_(2018)" title="Battle of Darzab (2018)">Darzab (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Kunar_offensive" title="2019–2020 Kunar offensive">Kunar (2019–2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazni_offensive" title="Ghazni offensive">Ghazni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 Taliban offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Zaranj" title="Capture of Zaranj">Zaranj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunduz_(2021)" title="Battle of Kunduz (2021)">Kunduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Herat" title="Fall of Herat">Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(2021)" title="Battle of Kandahar (2021)">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lashkargah" title="Battle of Lashkargah">Lashkargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Kabul</a></li></ul></li></ul> Airstrikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Sayyd_Alma_Kalay_airstrike" title="2001 Sayyd Alma Kalay airstrike">Sayyd Alma Kalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruzgan_wedding_bombing" title="Uruzgan wedding bombing">Uruzgan wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_airstrike" title="Hyderabad airstrike">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gora_Prai_airstrike" title="Gora Prai airstrike">Gora Prai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haska_Meyna_wedding_party_airstrike" title="Haska Meyna wedding party airstrike">Haska Meyna/Deh Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizabad_airstrike" title="Azizabad airstrike">Azizabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wech_Baghtu_wedding_party_airstrike" title="Wech Baghtu wedding party airstrike">Wech Baghtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granai_airstrike" title="Granai airstrike">Granai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kunduz_airstrike" title="2009 Kunduz airstrike">Kunduz (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruzgan_helicopter_attack" title="Uruzgan helicopter attack">Uruzgan helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Sangin_airstrike" title="2010 Sangin airstrike">Sangin (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_Gai_airstrike" title="Mano Gai airstrike">Mano Gai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraki_Barak_airstrike" title="Baraki Barak airstrike">Baraki Barak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kapisa_airstrike" title="2012 Kapisa airstrike">Kapisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Kunar" title="Raid on Kunar">Kunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_hospital_airstrike" title="Kunduz hospital airstrike">Kunduz hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Sangin_airstrike" title="2010 Sangin airstrike">Sangin (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nangarhar_airstrike" title="2017 Nangarhar airstrike">Nangarhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_madrassa_airstrike" title="Kunduz madrassa airstrike">Kunduz madrassa</a></li></ul> Major insurgent attacks 2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Kabul_bombing" title="2002 Kabul bombing">Kabul</a></li></ul> 2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_South_Korean_hostage_crisis_in_Afghanistan" title="2007 South Korean hostage crisis in Afghanistan">S Korean hostage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Baghlan_sugar_factory_bombing" title="2007 Baghlan sugar factory bombing">Baghlan</a></li></ul> 2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kandahar_bombing" title="2008 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_Boldak_bombing" title="Spin Boldak bombing">Spin Boldak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Khost_suicide_bombing" title="2008 Khost suicide bombing">Khost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_bombing_of_Indian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="2008 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul">Kabul Indian embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kabul_Serena_Hotel_attack" title="2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack">Kabul hotel</a></li></ul> 2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_raids_on_Kabul" title="February 2009 raids on Kabul">Kabul raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_NATO_Afghanistan_headquarters_bombing" title="2009 NATO Afghanistan headquarters bombing">Kabul NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kandahar_bombing" title="2009 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_bombing_of_Indian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="2009 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul">Kabul Indian embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_UN_guest_house_attack_in_Kabul" title="2009 UN guest house attack in Kabul">Kabul UN guesthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Chapman_attack" title="Camp Chapman attack">Camp Chapman</a></li></ul> 2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2010_Kabul_attack" title="January 2010 Kabul attack">Kabul (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Kabul_attack" title="February 2010 Kabul attack">Kabul (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2010_Kabul_bombing" title="May 2010 Kabul bombing">Kabul (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadahan_wedding_bombing" title="Nadahan wedding bombing">Nadahan</a></li></ul> 2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Logar_province_bombing" title="2011 Logar province bombing">Logar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Inter-Continental_Hotel_Kabul_attack" title="2011 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack">Kabul hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nimruz_province_bombing" title="2011 Nimruz province bombing">Nimruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Zabul_province_bombing" title="2011 Zabul province bombing">Zabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_attack_on_the_United_States_embassy,_Kabul" title="2011 attack on the United States embassy, Kabul">Kabul (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Afghanistan_Ashura_bombings" title="2011 Afghanistan Ashura bombings">Kabul & Mazar-e-Sharif</a></li></ul> 2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Afghanistan_attacks" title="April 2012 Afghanistan attacks">Raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2012_raid_on_Camp_Bastion" title="September 2012 raid on Camp Bastion">Camp Bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Operating_Base_Salerno#June_2012_Attack" title="Forward Operating Base Salerno">FOB Salerno Attack</a></li></ul> 2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Farah_attack" title="2013 Farah attack">Farah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_June_2013_Kabul_bombing" title="11 June 2013 Kabul bombing">Kabul court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Afghan_presidential_palace_attack" title="2013 Afghan presidential palace attack">Kabul palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_bombing_of_Indian_consulate_in_Jalalabad" title="2013 bombing of Indian consulate in Jalalabad">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_attack_on_U.S._consulate_in_Herat" title="2013 attack on U.S. consulate in Herat">Herat</a></li></ul> 2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Kabul_restaurant_attack" title="January 2014 Kabul restaurant attack">Kabul restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kabul_Serena_Hotel_shooting" title="2014 Kabul Serena Hotel shooting">Kabul hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_attack_on_Indian_consulate_in_Herat" title="2014 attack on Indian consulate in Herat">Herat Indian consulate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" title="2014 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Paktika_car_bombing" title="2014 Paktika car bombing">1st Paktika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Yahyakhel_suicide_bombing" title="2014 Yahyakhel suicide bombing">2nd Paktika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Kabul_bombings" title="December 2014 Kabul bombings">Kabul school</a></li></ul> 2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Park_Palace_guesthouse_attack" title="2015 Park Palace guesthouse attack">Kabul hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kabul_Parliament_attack" title="2015 Kabul Parliament attack">Kabul Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khost_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Khost suicide bombing">Khost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_August_2015_Kabul_attacks" title="7 August 2015 Kabul attacks">Kabul police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_August_2015_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="10 August 2015 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_August_2015_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 August 2015 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazni_prison_escape" title="Ghazni prison escape">Ghazni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kandahar_Airport_bombing" title="2015 Kandahar Airport bombing">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Spanish_Embassy_attack_in_Kabul" title="2015 Spanish Embassy attack in Kabul">Kabul Spanish embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" title="2015 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram</a></li></ul> 2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Kabul_attack" title="April 2016 Kabul attack">Kabul NDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz-Takhar_highway_hostage_crisis" title="Kunduz-Takhar highway hostage crisis">Kunduz-Takhar highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_attack_on_Canadian_Embassy_guards" title="Kabul attack on Canadian Embassy guards">Kabul Canadian embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_June_2016_Afghanistan_bombings" title="30 June 2016 Afghanistan bombings">Wardak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul Hazara protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Afghanistan_attack" title="American University of Afghanistan attack">Kabul University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2016 Kabul attacks">Kabul Defense Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_bombing_of_the_German_consulate_in_Mazar-i-Sharif" title="2016 bombing of the German consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar-i-Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" title="2016 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram</a></li></ul> 2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Afghanistan_bombings" title="January 2017 Afghanistan bombings">Bombings (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">Kabul hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Camp_Shaheen_attack" title="2017 Camp Shaheen attack">Camp Shaheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2017_Kabul_bombing" title="May 2017 Kabul bombing">Kabul (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Herat_mosque_bombing" title="June 2017 Herat mosque bombing">Herat (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Lashkargah_bombing" title="June 2017 Lashkargah bombing">June Lashkargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Herat_mosque_attack" title="August 2017 Herat mosque attack">Herat (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="17 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">Gardez & Ghazni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">Kabul & Ghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul Shi'ite</a></li></ul> 2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Inter-Continental_Hotel_Kabul_attack" title="2018 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack">Kabul hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">Jalalabad (Save the Children)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_ambulance_bombing" title="Kabul ambulance bombing">Kabul ambulance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul (22 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">Kabul (30 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2018_Baghlan_Province_attack" title="August 2018 Baghlan Province attack">Baghlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2018 Kabul attacks">Kabul (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="September 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad (Sep)</a></li></ul> 2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_Shar_attack" title="Maidan Shar attack">Maidan Shar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Camp_Shorabak_attack" title="2019 Camp Shorabak attack">Camp Shorabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="2019 Kabul mosque bombing">Kabul mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_July_2019_Kabul_attack" title="1 July 2019 Kabul attack">Kabul Defense Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Ghazni_bombing" title="2019 Ghazni bombing">Ghazni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_July_2019_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 July 2019 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2019_Farah_bombing" title="July 2019 Farah bombing">Farah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="7 August 2019 Kabul bombing">Kabul police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">Kabul wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_and_5_September_2019_Kabul_bombings" title="2 and 5 September 2019 Kabul bombings">Kabul (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_September_2019_Afghanistan_bombings" title="17 September 2019 Afghanistan bombings">Charikar & Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Qalat_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Qalat bombing">Qalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2019 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haska_Meyna_mosque_bombing" title="Haska Meyna mosque bombing">Haska Meyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bagram_Airfield_attack" title="2019 Bagram Airfield attack">Bagram</a></li></ul> 2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">Kabul (6 Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Kabul gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="June 2020 Afghanistan attacks">June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="July 2020 Afghanistan attacks">July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="August 2020 Afghanistan attacks">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad prison attack">Jalalabad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="September 2020 Afghanistan attacks">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="October 2020 Afghanistan attacks">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="November 2020 Afghanistan attacks">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">Kabul University</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">December</a></li></ul> 2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_2021_Afghanistan_attacks" title="List of 2021 Afghanistan attacks">Jan-Aug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">Kabul school</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Spin_Boldak_shooting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Spin Boldak shooting (page does not exist)">Spin Boldak</a></li></ul></li></ul> Massacres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasht-i-Leili_massacre" title="Dasht-i-Leili massacre">Dasht-i-Leili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Shinwar_shooting" title="2007 Shinwar shooting">Shinwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangar_Khel_incident" title="Nangar Khel incident">Nangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_raid_on_Narang" title="Night raid on Narang">Narang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maywand_District_murders" title="Maywand District murders">Maywand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Khataba" title="Raid on Khataba">Khataba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Badakhshan_massacre" title="2010 Badakhshan massacre">Badakhshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_massacre" title="Kandahar massacre">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Operating_Base_Delhi_massacre" title="Forward Operating Base Delhi massacre">FOB Delhi</a></li></ul> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_of_U.S._Marines_urinating_on_Taliban_fighters" title="Video of U.S. Marines urinating on Taliban fighters">U.S. urination incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Afghanistan_Quran_burning_protests" title="2012 Afghanistan Quran burning protests">Quran burning protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgents%27_bodies_incident" title="Insurgents' bodies incident">Insurgents' bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Afghanistan_Strategic_Partnership_Agreement" title="U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement">U.S.–Afghan agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" title="United States–Taliban deal">United States–Taliban deal</a></li> <li>U.S. withdrawal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">2011–2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">2020–2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_peace_process" title="Afghan peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airlift" title="2021 Kabul airlift">2021 Kabul airlift</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> The War in Afghanistan was an armed conflict that took place from 2001 to 2021. Launched as a direct response to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, the war began when an <a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">international military coalition</a> led by the United States <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">invaded Afghanistan</a>, declaring <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> as part of the earlier-declared <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a>, toppling the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>-ruled <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate</a>, and establishing the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic</a> three years later. The Taliban and its allies were expelled from major population centers by US-led forces supporting the anti-Taliban <a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a>; Osama bin Laden, meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan and Osama bin Laden">relocated to neighboring Pakistan</a>. The conflict officially ended with the <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 Taliban offensive</a>, which overthrew the Islamic Republic, and re-established the Islamic Emirate. It was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_lengths_of_United_States_participation_in_wars" title="List of the lengths of United States participation in wars">longest war in the military history of the United States</a>, surpassing the length of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> (1955–1975) by approximately six months. Following the September 11 attacks, President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> demanded that the Taliban immediately extradite <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> to the United States; the Taliban refused to do so without evidence of Bin Laden's involvement. After the expelling of the Taliban and their allies, the US-led coalition remained in Afghanistan, forming <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">a security mission</a> (ISAF)—sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>—with the goal of creating a new democratic authority in the country that would prevent the Taliban from returning to power.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-78">[76]</a> A new <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Interim_Administration" title="Afghan Interim Administration">Afghan Interim Administration</a> was established, and <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_in_Afghanistan" title="Reconstruction in Afghanistan">international rebuilding efforts</a> were launched.<a href="#cite_note-:11-79">[77]</a> By 2003, the Taliban had reorganized under their founder, <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a>, and began <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">a widespread insurgency</a> against the new Afghan government and coalition forces. Insurgents from the Taliban and other Islamist groups waged <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a>, fighting with <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> in the countryside, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack#9/11_and_after" title="Suicide attack">suicide attacks</a> against urban targets, and reprisals against perceived Afghan collaborators. By 2007, large parts of Afghanistan had been retaken by the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> In response, the coalition sent a major influx of troops for <a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">counter-insurgency operations</a>, with a "<a href="/wiki/Clear_and_hold" title="Clear and hold">clear and hold</a>" strategy for villages and towns; this influx peaked in 2011, when roughly 140,000 foreign troops were operating under ISAF command across Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> A US covert operation in neighboring Pakistan led to the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">killing of Osama bin Laden</a> in May 2011, and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> leaders began planning an exit strategy from Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-WP20140527-84">[82]</a> On 28 December 2014, NATO formally ended ISAF combat operations in Afghanistan and officially transferred full security responsibility to the Afghan government. Unable to eliminate the Taliban through military means, coalition forces (and separately, the Afghan government led by <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a>) turned to diplomacy to end the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> These efforts culminated in the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" title="United States–Taliban deal">United States–Taliban deal</a> in February 2020, which stipulated the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">withdrawal of all US troops from Afghanistan</a> by 2021.<a href="#cite_note-:9-86">[84]</a> In exchange, the Taliban pledged to prevent any militant group from staging attacks from Afghan territory against the US and its allies.<a href="#cite_note-proposedwithdrawal-87">[85]</a> However, the Afghan government was not a party to the deal and rejected its terms.<a href="#cite_note-nprreject-88">[86]</a> Coinciding with the withdrawal of troops, the Taliban launched a broad offensive throughout the summer of 2021, successfully reestablishing their control over Afghanistan, <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">including the capital city of Kabul on 15 August</a>. On the same day, the last president of the Islamic Republic, Ashraf Ghani, fled the country; the Taliban declared victory and the war was formally brought to a close.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> By 30 August, <a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airlift" title="2021 Kabul airlift">the last American military aircraft departed from Afghanistan</a>, ending the protracted US-led military presence in the country.<a href="#cite_note-:4-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT300821-91">[89]</a> Overall, the war killed an estimated 176,000–212,000+ people, including 46,319 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-:2-92">[90]</a> While more than 5.7 million former refugees returned to Afghanistan after the 2001 invasion,<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> by the time the Taliban returned to power in 2021, <a href="/wiki/Afghan_refugees" title="Afghan refugees">2.6 million Afghans remained refugees</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bbc2021-94">[92]</a> while another 4 million were <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Auer_&_Said2-96">[94]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2></div> This twenty-year armed conflict (2001–2021) is referred to as the War in Afghanistan<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> in order to distinguish it from the country's various other wars,<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> notably the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> of which it was a part,<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] From the perspective of <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">the West</a>, the war is divided between 2001 and 2014 (the <a href="/wiki/ISAF" class="mw-redirect" title="ISAF">ISAF</a> mission), when most combat operations were performed by coalition forces, a 2015 to 2021 (the <a href="/wiki/Resolute_Support_Mission" title="Resolute Support Mission">Resolute Support Mission</a>), when the Afghan armed forces did most of the fighting against the Taliban.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The war was named <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> from 2001 to 2014<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> and as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Freedom%27s_Sentinel" title="Operation Freedom's Sentinel">Operation Freedom's Sentinel</a> from 2015 to 2021 by the US.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> Alternatively, it has been called the US War in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> In Afghanistan itself, the war is known as simply the "War in Afghanistan" (<a href="/wiki/Dari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari language">Dari</a>: جنگ در افغانستان Jang dar Afghanistan, <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>: د افغانستان جګړه Da Afghanistan Jagra).<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Prelude to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Prelude to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan_Civil_War,_Northern_Alliance-Taliban.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Afghanistan_Civil_War%2C_Northern_Alliance-Taliban.png/220px-Afghanistan_Civil_War%2C_Northern_Alliance-Taliban.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Afghanistan_Civil_War%2C_Northern_Alliance-Taliban.png/330px-Afghanistan_Civil_War%2C_Northern_Alliance-Taliban.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Afghanistan_Civil_War%2C_Northern_Alliance-Taliban.png/440px-Afghanistan_Civil_War%2C_Northern_Alliance-Taliban.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption>The military situation of the Afghan Civil War in 1996 between the Taliban (red) and the Northern Alliance (blue)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_of_the_Taliban">Rise of the Taliban</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> emerged from religious students known as the Talib who sought to end warlordism in Afghanistan through stricter adherence to <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-George_Washington_University-110">[108]</a> On 27 September 1996, the Taliban, with military support by Pakistan and financial support from <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, seized Kabul and founded the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColl200414-111">[109]</a> The Taliban imposed their <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">fundamentalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a> interpretation of Islam in areas under their control, issuing edicts forbidding women to work outside the home, attend school or to leave their homes unless accompanied by a male relative.<a href="#cite_note-Physicians_for_Human_Rights-112">[110]</a> According to the United Nations (UN), the Taliban, while trying to consolidate control over northern and western Afghanistan, committed systematic massacres against civilians. UN officials stated that there had been "15 massacres" between 1996 and 2001, many of them targeting <a href="/wiki/Shia_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Muslims">Shias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Newsday_2001-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-papillonsartpalace.com-114">[112]</a> By 2001, the Taliban controlled as much as 90% of Afghanistan, with the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a> confined to the country's northeast corner. Fighting alongside Taliban forces were some 28,000–30,000 Pakistanis (usually also Pashtun) and 2,000–3,000 Al-Qaeda militants.<a href="#cite_note-Webster_University_Press_Book-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed_Rashid/The_Telegraph-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirardet2011416-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid200091-118">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/9/11_Commission" title="9/11 Commission">9/11 Commission</a> in the US found that under the Taliban, Al-Qaeda was able to use Afghanistan as a place to train and teach fighters, import weapons, coordinate with other <a href="/wiki/Jihadist" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist">jihadists</a>, and plot terrorist actions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE9–11_Commission200466-119">[117]</a> While Al-Qaeda maintained its own <a href="/wiki/Afghan_training_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan training camp">camps in Afghanistan</a>, it also supported training camps of other organizations. An estimated 10,000 to 20,000 men passed through these facilities before 9/11, most of whom were sent to fight for the Taliban against the United Front. A smaller number were inducted into Al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE9–11_Commission200467-120">[118]</a> After the August <a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings">1998 United States embassy bombings</a> were linked to bin Laden, President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> ordered <a href="/wiki/Operation_Infinite_Reach" title="Operation Infinite Reach">missile strikes on militant training camps</a> in Afghanistan. US officials pressed the Taliban to surrender bin Laden. In 1999, the international community imposed sanctions on the Taliban, calling for bin Laden to be surrendered. The Taliban repeatedly rebuffed these demands. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) <a href="/wiki/Special_Activities_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Activities Division">Special Activities Division</a> paramilitary teams were active in Afghanistan in the 1990s in clandestine operations to locate and kill or capture Osama bin Laden. These teams planned several operations but did not receive the order to proceed from President Clinton. Their efforts built relationships with Afghan leaders that proved essential in the 2001 invasion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColl2004-121">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_11_attacks">September 11 attacks</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WTCgroundzero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/WTCgroundzero.jpg/220px-WTCgroundzero.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/WTCgroundzero.jpg/330px-WTCgroundzero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/WTCgroundzero.jpg/440px-WTCgroundzero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Ground Zero in New York following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11th attacks</a>, September 2001</figcaption></figure> On the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001, a total of 19 men affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> carried out four <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">coordinated attacks</a> in the United States. Four commercial passenger jet airliners were hijacked.<a href="#cite_note-Holmes-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keppel2008-123">[121]</a> The hijackers intentionally crashed <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_11" title="American Airlines Flight 11">two of</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_175" title="United Airlines Flight 175">the airliners</a> into the Twin Towers of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> in New York City, killing everyone on board and more than 2,000 people in the buildings. Both buildings collapsed within two hours from damage related to the crashes, destroying and damaging nearby buildings. The hijackers crashed a <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_77" title="American Airlines Flight 77">third airliner</a> into the <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, just outside <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_93" title="United Airlines Flight 93">The fourth plane</a> crashed into a field near <a href="/wiki/Shanksville,_Pennsylvania" title="Shanksville, Pennsylvania">Shanksville</a>, in rural <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, after some of its passengers and flight crew attempted to retake control of the plane, which the hijackers had redirected toward <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, to target the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">US Capitol</a>. No one aboard the flights survived. The death toll among responders including firefighters and police was 836 as of 2009.<a href="#cite_note-FOX_Responders-124">[122]</a> Total deaths were 2,996, including the 19 hijackers.<a href="#cite_note-FOX_Responders-124">[122]</a> Osama bin Laden planned and coordinated the attacks, and the US desire to hold him accountable became the <a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">casus belli</a> for invasion. Historian Carter Malkasian writes that "seldom in history has one man so singlehandedly provoked a war." Bin Laden sought, successfully, to draw the US into an extended war similar to that fought against the Soviets.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 62–64  The Taliban publicly condemned the 11 September attacks.<a href="#cite_note-ultimatum-126">[124]</a> They also greatly underestimated the US's willingness to go to war. The US was mistaken in its belief that the Taliban and Al-Qaeda were almost inseparable when, in fact, they had very different goals and leaders.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 65–70  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_ultimatum_to_the_Taliban">US ultimatum to the Taliban</h3></div> Immediately after the 9/11 attacks, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">United States National Security Council</a> agreed that military action would probably have to be taken against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. However, Bush decided to issue an ultimatum to the Taliban first,<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 54  demanding that the Taliban hand over Osama bin Laden, "close immediately every terrorist training camp, hand over every terrorist and their supporters, and give the United States full access to terrorist training camps for inspection."<a href="#cite_note-ultimatum-126">[124]</a> The same day, religious scholars met in Kabul, deciding that bin Laden should be surrendered; however, Mullah Omar decided that "turning over Osama would only be a disgrace for us and Islamic thought and belief would be a weakness", and that the US would continue making demands after surrendering bin Laden, who he claimed was innocent.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 56  The Taliban refused the ultimatum, saying that Osama bin Laden was protected by the traditional <a href="/wiki/Pashtunwali" title="Pashtunwali">Pashtun laws of hospitality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> In the weeks ahead and at the beginning of the US and NATO invasion of Afghanistan, the Taliban demanded evidence of bin Laden's guilt but subsequently offered to hand him over to a third country if the US stopped its bombing and provided evidence of his guilt.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> official later stated that their demands were "not subject to negotiation" and that it was "time for the Taliban to act now."<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> Covert US military action began soon after, and the War started officially on 7 October 2001.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 58  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tactical_overview">Tactical overview</h3></div> The war contained two main factions: the Coalition, which included the US and its allies (eventually supporting the government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan), fighting against the Taliban, its allies, and its militias. Complicating the fight were Taliban splinter groups and other, more radical religious groups such as al-Qaeda and later the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>. These radical groups sometimes fought for the Taliban, sometimes fought for their own goals, and sometimes fought against both the Taliban and the government. Afghanistan is a rural country; in 2020, some 80% of its 33 million people lived in the countryside.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 12  This predisposes warfare to rural areas, and provides ample hiding spots for guerrilla fighters. The country also has harsh winters, which favors spring or summertime military offensives after winter lulls in fighting.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> Afghanistan is 99.7% <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Factbook-134">[132]</a> which affected the ideology of both the Taliban and the Afghan government. Islam has historically allowed Afghan leaders to overcome tribal differences and conflict, and provided a sense of unity, especially against foreigners and non-Muslims. Centuries of foreign invasion by non-Muslims cemented the religious nature of resisting outsiders and the Afghan identity.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 17–19  The impact of local religious leaders (<a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">mullahs</a>) is important in Afghanistan, and they could influence the population as much as the government. Mullahs have traditionally been important in prescribing resistance to outsiders through calls for holy war or jihad.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 23–24  Afghanistan is a largely tribal society, and this significantly influences Afghan society and politics. Tribalism is largely a source of division, unlike Islam. <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a> are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, comprising between 38% and 50% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-AsiaFoundation-135">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pashtunwali" title="Pashtunwali">Pashtunwali</a>, the traditional way of life for the Pashtuns, guided most tribal decision making. Tribal unity was often weak as well due to Pashtunwali's method of dealing with feuds. Traditionally, Afghan leaders have depended on tribes to keep order in rural areas because without their cooperation the state was often ineffective and weak. <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a> were more loyal to their own community and tribe, not the state, which meant that tribes would align with either the Taliban or the Government as was most beneficial.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 19–22  The significant difference in power between high-tech Coalition militaries and the guerrilla Taliban led to <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a>. Owing to their roots in the anti-Soviet Mujahideen, the Taliban carried on the guerrilla tactics developed in the 1980s. The Mujihdeen operated in small cadres of 10 to 50 men, armed with a combination of outdated and (usually looted) modern weapons.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 31  The Taliban increasingly used guerrilla tactics such as suicide, car and roadside bombs (<a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">IEDs</a>), and targeted assassinations.<a href="#cite_note-UNAMAJul09-136">[134]</a> By 2009, IEDs had become the Taliban's weapon of choice.<a href="#cite_note-Arnoldy-137">[135]</a> The Taliban also used insider attacks as the war drew on, by planting personnel in the Afghan military and police forces.<a href="#cite_note-ShootingAfghanistan-138">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001:_Invasion_and_early_operations">2001: Invasion and early operations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">United States invasion of Afghanistan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora" title="Battle of Tora Bora">Battle of Tora Bora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anaconda" title="Operation Anaconda">Operation Anaconda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Harpoon_(2002)" title="Operation Harpoon (2002)">Operation Harpoon (2002)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/US_Army_Special_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army Special Forces">US Army Special Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Combat_Controller" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Controller">US Air Force Combat Controllers</a> with Northern Alliance troops on horseback in <a href="/wiki/Samangan_Province" title="Samangan Province">Samangan Province</a>, 2001</figcaption></figure> Though the US officially invaded on 7 October 2001 by launching Operation Enduring Freedom, covert operations had begun several weeks earlier. Fifteen days after the 9/11 attack, the US covertly inserted members of the CIA's Special Activities Division into Afghanistan, forming the Northern Afghanistan Liaison Team.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> They linked up with the Northern Alliance in the <a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Valley" title="Panjshir Valley">Panjshir Valley</a> north of Kabul.<a href="#cite_note-Malkasian2021p61-140">[138]</a> In October, 12-man Special Forces teams began arriving in Afghanistan to work with the CIA and Northern Alliance.<a href="#cite_note-Malkasian2021p61-140">[138]</a> Within a few weeks the Northern Alliance, with assistance from the US ground and air forces, captured several key cities from the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-army.mil-141">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-gresham-142">[140]</a> The Taliban retreated throughout the country, holding steady only in <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Province" title="Kunduz Province">Kunduz Province</a>, outmatched by US air support. By November, the Taliban had lost control of most of the country.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 70–75  The US did not invade alone: it began with assistance from the UK, and eventually over a dozen more countries.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-Canada_in_Afghanistan_2001-144">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-145">[143]</a> The US and its allies <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kandahar" title="Fall of Kandahar">drove the Taliban from power</a> and built military bases near major cities across the country. Most al-Qaeda and Taliban were not captured, escaping to neighboring Pakistan or retreating to rural or remote mountainous regions.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> On 20 December 2001, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> authorized an <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> (ISAF), with a mandate to help the Afghans maintain security in Kabul and surrounding areas.<a href="#cite_note-cdi1-147">[145]</a> Its mandate did not extend beyond the Kabul area for the first few years.<a href="#cite_note-ISAF_Chronology-148">[146]</a> Eighteen countries were contributing to the force in February 2002.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The CIA created Counter-terrorism Pursuit Teams staffed by Afghans at the war's beginning.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-Whitlock2010-150">[148]</a> This force grew to over 3,000 by 2010 and was considered one of the "best Afghan fighting forces."<a href="#cite_note-Whitlock2010-150">[148]</a> These units were not only effective in operations against the Taliban and al-Qaeda forces in Afghanistan,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward20108-151">[149]</a> but also expanded their operations into Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward2010367-152">[150]</a> Who would lead the country became an acute political question. At the <a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Afghanistan,_Bonn_(2001)" title="International Conference on Afghanistan, Bonn (2001)">Bonn Conference</a> in December 2001, <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a> was selected to head the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Interim_Administration" title="Afghan Interim Administration">Afghan Interim Administration</a>, which after a <a href="/wiki/2002_loya_jirga" title="2002 loya jirga">2002 loya jirga</a> (grand assembly) in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Transitional_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Transitional Administration">Afghan Transitional Administration</a>. The agreement provided steps that would lead to democracy for the country.<a href="#cite_note-dx-153">[151]</a> Shortly after the elevation of Karzai to the president on 5 December, the Taliban may have tried to seek a conditional surrender to Karzai. There are two conflicting accounts. The first is that an agreement, possibly signed by Mullah Omar, leader of the Taliban, was reached wherein the Taliban would surrender in exchange for immunity. The second is that the agreement was more narrowly focused on surrendering <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>. Taliban sources, on the other hand, say that Omar was not part of the deal and was not going to surrender Kandahar. Whatever the case, the US vetoed any sort of negotiation, in what historian Malkasian calls "one of the greatest mistakes" of the war. Omar disappeared, leaving either for another part of Afghanistan or Pakistan. The Taliban subsequently went into hiding, or fled to Pakistan, though many gave up arms as well. Most leaders and thousands of fighters went to Pakistan. Whether the Taliban had decided on an insurgency at this time is unknown.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 74–84  Taliban fighters remained in hiding in the rural regions of four southern provinces: Kandahar, <a href="/wiki/Zabul" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabul">Zabul</a>, Helmand and Uruzgan.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_soldiers_afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Canadian_soldiers_afghanistan.jpg/220px-Canadian_soldiers_afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Canadian_soldiers_afghanistan.jpg/330px-Canadian_soldiers_afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Canadian_soldiers_afghanistan.jpg/440px-Canadian_soldiers_afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Canadian soldiers from <a href="/wiki/Princess_Patricia%27s_Canadian_Light_Infantry#3rd_Battalion" title="Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry">3PPCLI</a>, search for Al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters after an air assault, approach on an objective north of <a href="/wiki/Qalati_Ghilji" title="Qalati Ghilji">Qalati Ghilji</a>, 2002</figcaption></figure> By late November, bin Laden was at a fortified training camp in Tora Bora. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora" title="Battle of Tora Bora">Battle of Tora Bora</a> began on 30 November. CIA teams working with tribal militias followed bin Laden there and began to call in airstrikes to clear out the mountainous camp, with special forces soon arriving in support. While the tribal militia numbered 1,000, it was not fighting eagerly during Ramadan. While the CIA requested that United States Army Rangers be sent and Marines were ready to deploy, they were declined. Bin Laden was eventually able to escape at some point in December to Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 76–79  The invasion was a striking military success for the Coalition. Fewer than 12 US soldiers died between October and March, compared to some 15,000 Taliban killed or taken prisoner. Special forces teams and their Afghan allies had done most of the work and relatively few soldiers had been required. Karzai was a respected, legitimate, and charismatic leader. Still, according to Malkasian, the failure to capture bin Laden or negotiate with the Taliban, or include them in any way in the new government, set the course for the long war that bin Laden had dreamed of getting the US into.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 86–88  In the early years of the war, Pakistan had been seen as a firm ally, and little concern had been given to its support of the Taliban. Pakistan had also helped capture numerous top Al-Qaeda leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a>. But internally, Pakistan was providing significant funding, access to safe houses, and political support to the Taliban. Public opinion in Pakistan heavily favored the Taliban, and the US invasion was viewed very negatively. The government was in no position to expel the Taliban, lest it starts a conflict within its already fragile country. Thus the Taliban continued to use Pakistan as a base of operations and a safe haven to rebuild their strength.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 129–132  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002–2005:_Taliban_resurgence">2002–2005: Taliban resurgence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_in_Afghanistan" title="2003 in Afghanistan">2003 in Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/2004_in_Afghanistan" title="2004 in Afghanistan">2004 in Afghanistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2005_in_Afghanistan" title="2005 in Afghanistan">2005 in Afghanistan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coalition_mistakes,_Taliban_start_to_re-organize">Coalition mistakes, Taliban start to re-organize</h4></div> After initial success, the US lacked an obvious goal in Afghanistan beyond the counter-terrorism objectives of finding senior Taliban and Al-Qaeda leaders. <a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">Nation-building</a> was initially opposed by the Bush administration, but as the US stayed, it slowly crept into the rationale for staying. In April 2002, Bush made a speech expressing a desire to rebuild Afghanistan. The US also sought to instill democracy and women's rights as a moral matter. The international community contributed to the development effort in Afghanistan, which focused on aid and creating institutions to run the country. US reconstruction efforts also focused on improving education, health care, and community development. The US also supported and funded the creation of an Afghan army in early 2002. However, the army was built slowly due to competing interests and a US belief that the Taliban were no longer a strong threat. Some in the Bush administration preferred to use the Northern Alliance and warlords as the military instead of creating a new military. The army became an afterthought and was poorly trained and equipped, which further enabled the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 89–105  The first attempt at a larger organization of Taliban groups after the invasion occurred in April 2002 in the country's south. A <a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">shura</a> was established by former mid-level Taliban officials in Gardi Jangal a refugee camp near the Helmand border. It operated in the core southern provinces of Kandahar, Helmand, Zabul, and Uruzgan. It was composed of 23 groups of about 50 individuals each, for a total of around 1,200. In the <a href="/wiki/North_Waziristan_District" title="North Waziristan District">North Waziristan District</a> of Pakistan, <a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a> had started organizing the <a href="/wiki/Haqqani_network" title="Haqqani network">Haqqani network</a> after exiling there in 2001. In early 2002 their manpower was estimated at 1,400 and had a presence in <a href="/wiki/Paktia_Province" title="Paktia Province">Paktia Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khost_Province" title="Khost Province">Khost Province</a> in the second half of 2002 with limited activity. They were joined by members of Al-Qaeda. <a href="/wiki/Operation_Jacana" title="Operation Jacana">Operation Jacana</a> & <a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor_(Afghanistan)" title="Operation Condor (Afghanistan)">Operation Condor</a>, among others, tried to flush out the Taliban with varying results.<a href="#cite_note-Giustozzi-155">[153]</a>: 25–29  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neotaliban_insurgency_2002-2006_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Neotaliban_insurgency_2002-2006_en.png/220px-Neotaliban_insurgency_2002-2006_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Neotaliban_insurgency_2002-2006_en.png/330px-Neotaliban_insurgency_2002-2006_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Neotaliban_insurgency_2002-2006_en.png/440px-Neotaliban_insurgency_2002-2006_en.png 2x" data-file-width="2079" data-file-height="1624" /></a><figcaption>Map detailing the spread of the Taliban insurgency, 2002–2006</figcaption></figure> Some members of the Taliban reached out to Karzai to open negotiations several times between 2002 and 2004, but the US was adamantly against this and ensured that all top Taliban leaders were blacklisted, such that the Afghan Government could not negotiate with them. Historian Malkasian argues that negotiations with the Taliban would have been low cost but highly effective at this stage and chocks it up to US overconfidence and hubris, and notes that all the information that the Taliban could resurge was available but ignored.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 106–111  Some Taliban leaders considered joining the political process, with meetings on the issue until 2004, though these did not result in a decision to do so.<a href="#cite_note-Giustozzi-155">[153]</a>: 19  From 2002 to 2005, the Taliban reorganized and planned a resurgence. Pressure on Coalition forces to hunt down terrorists led to excesses and generated some popular support for the Taliban. Coalition troops would go on missions with questionable intelligence, at one point falling prey to a false tip provided by a target's political opponents. Few high-level Taliban or al-Qaeda leaders were caught. Those captured were predominantly low-level Taliban operatives who had little information on al-Qaeda. Numerous civilians were killed in operations, including <a href="/wiki/Uruzgan_wedding_bombing" title="Uruzgan wedding bombing">a wedding which was misinterpreted as a Taliban gathering</a>. Repeated errors by Coalition forces drove Taliban recruitment. Many Taliban leaders who had given up arms to leave peacefully, especially after being promised amnesty by President Karzai, were increasingly harassed by the US and elements of the Afghan government. By 2004, most Taliban leaders in Afghanistan had fled back to Pakistan, where the remnants of the Taliban were hiding. Malkasian argues that the US provided significant momentum to the Taliban by its own missteps, especially by focusing on aggressive counter-terrorism and vengeance for 9/11. He further argues that these actions alone did not restart the conflict because the Taliban would have re-emerged regardless because of leaders like Mullah Omar and Jalaluddin Haqqani who had never put down arms.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 119–123 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_10th_Mountain_Division_soldiers_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/US_10th_Mountain_Division_soldiers_in_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-US_10th_Mountain_Division_soldiers_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/US_10th_Mountain_Division_soldiers_in_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-US_10th_Mountain_Division_soldiers_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/US_10th_Mountain_Division_soldiers_in_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-US_10th_Mountain_Division_soldiers_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption>US troops board a helicopter in Zabul province, 2003</figcaption></figure> The Taliban undertook relatively few actions until 2005. Pamphlets by Taliban and other groups turned up strewn in towns and the countryside in early 2003, urging <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> faithful to rise up against US forces and other foreign soldiers in a holy war.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> American attention was diverted from Afghanistan when US forces <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">invaded Iraq in March 2003</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> In May 2003, the Taliban Supreme Court's chief justice, Abdul Salam, proclaimed that the Taliban were back, regrouped, rearmed, and ready for guerrilla war to expel US forces from Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-CSMontorTalibanResurge-158">[156]</a> As the summer of 2003 continued, Taliban attacks gradually increased in frequency. Dozens of Afghan government soldiers, NGO <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian workers</a>, and several US soldiers died in the raids, ambushes, and rocket attacks. Besides guerrilla attacks, Taliban fighters began building up forces in the district of <a href="/wiki/Dey_Chopan_District" title="Dey Chopan District">Dey Chopan District</a> in Zabul Province. The Taliban decided to make a stand there. Over the course of the summer, up to 1,000 guerrillas moved there. Over 220 people, including several dozen Afghan police, were killed in August 2003.<a href="#cite_note-The_Associated_Press-159">[157]</a> On 11 August, NATO assumed control of ISAF.<a href="#cite_note-Rubin-160">[158]</a> Taliban leader <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a> reorganized the movement, and in 2003 launched <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">an insurgency</a> against the government and ISAF.<a href="#cite_note-cfr.org-161">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-rothstein-162">[160]</a> From the second half of 2003 and through 2004 operations started intensifying, with <a href="/wiki/Night_letter" title="Night letter">night letters</a> followed by kidnappings and assassinations of government officials and collaborating village elders by 2005, with the former leaving villages in fear. Government schools and clinics were also burned down.<a href="#cite_note-Giustozzi-155">[153]</a>: 34  Privately, the Taliban were preparing a grand offensive against the Coalition. It was to be several years in the making so that enough strength could be gathered. Mullah <a href="/wiki/Dadullah" title="Dadullah">Dadullah</a> was put in charge of the offensive. His tactics where largely effective. He was responsible for introducing suicide bombing into wide use around 2004, as previously the Taliban had not been enamored by suicide or taking civilian lives; that had been an Al-Qaeda tactic. A network of <a href="/wiki/Madrassas_in_Pakistan" title="Madrassas in Pakistan">madrassas in Pakistan</a> catering to Afghan refugees provided a steady stream of extremist recruits willing to die.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 125–127  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3rd_Battalion,_3rd_Marines_-_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/3rd_Battalion%2C_3rd_Marines_-_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-3rd_Battalion%2C_3rd_Marines_-_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/3rd_Battalion%2C_3rd_Marines_-_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-3rd_Battalion%2C_3rd_Marines_-_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/3rd_Battalion%2C_3rd_Marines_-_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-3rd_Battalion%2C_3rd_Marines_-_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A US Navy Corpsman searches for Taliban fighters in <a href="/wiki/Mihtarlam" title="Mihtarlam">Mihtarlam</a>, 2005</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Asbury_Park" title="Operation Asbury Park">Operation Asbury Park</a> cleared out Taliban forces in the Dey Chopan District during the summer of 2004.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> In late 2004, the then-hidden Taliban leader Mullah Omar announced an insurgency against America and the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan">transitional Afghan government</a> forces to "regain the sovereignty of our country."<a href="#cite_note-NYTNov2004-164">[162]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2004_Afghan_presidential_election" title="2004 Afghan presidential election">2004 Afghan presidential election</a> was a major target of Taliban, though only 20 districts and 200 villages elsewhere were claimed to have been successfully prevented from voting. Karzai was elected president of the country, now named the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Giustozzi-155">[153]</a>: 40  The US started using <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">drone strikes in Pakistan</a> in 2004, starting along the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Federal Tribal Areas</a> against Taliban and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> militants.<a href="#cite_note-The_CIA's_Silent_War_in_Pakistan-165">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> In June and July 2005, United States <a href="/wiki/Navy_Seals" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Seals">Navy Seals</a> carried out <a href="/wiki/Operation_Red_Wings" title="Operation Red Wings">Operation Red Wings</a> as a joint military operation in <a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar Province</a>. The mission intended to disrupt local Taliban led by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_(Taliban)" title="Ahmad Shah (Taliban)">Ahmad Shah</a>, hopefully bringing stability and facilitating the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Afghanistan)" title="National Assembly (Afghanistan)">Afghan Parliament</a> elections <a href="/wiki/2005_Afghan_parliamentary_election" title="2005 Afghan parliamentary election">scheduled for September 2005</a>. The operation was a pyrrhic victory for the Coalition, with only one survivor (dramatized in the 2013 film <a href="/wiki/Lone_Survivor" title="Lone Survivor">Lone Survivor</a>) and 19 dead.<a href="#cite_note-macmannis-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ed_Darack_Victory_Point-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ed_Darack_Marine_Corps_Gazette-169">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Whalers" title="Operation Whalers">Operation Whalers</a> would finish the job several weeks later. Taliban activity dropped significantly and Shah was seriously wounded. Shah was not able to undertake any significant operations subsequent to Operation Whalers in Kunar or neighboring provinces.<a href="#cite_note-Ed_Darack_Victory_Point-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-170">[168]</a> The Taliban regained control over several villages in the south by the end of 2005, mostly because the villages were frustrated with the lack of help from the government and hoped life would be better under the Taliban. Years of planning were coming to fruition for the Taliban. By comparison, the Government was in a very weak position. The police were deeply underfunded, and the average district had only 50 officers. Some districts had no Government presence at all. Most of the country's militias (with a strength of ~100,000) had been demobilized due to international pressure to create an army, but it was still weak. Combined with an increase in tribal feuding, the conditions were perfect for a Taliban comeback.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 134–136  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006–2007:_Escalating_war">2006–2007: Escalating war</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coalition_combat_operations_in_Afghanistan_in_2006" title="Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006">Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coalition_combat_operations_in_Afghanistan_in_2007" title="Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2007">Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2007</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coalition_combat_operations_in_Afghanistan_in_2008" title="Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2008">Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2008</a></div> As insurgent attacks in the country reportedly grew fourfold between 2002 and 2006,<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> by late 2007 Afghanistan was said to be in "serious danger" of falling into Taliban control despite the presence of 40,000 ISAF troops.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_assaulting_Lwar_Kowndalan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Air_assaulting_Lwar_Kowndalan.jpg/220px-Air_assaulting_Lwar_Kowndalan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Air_assaulting_Lwar_Kowndalan.jpg/330px-Air_assaulting_Lwar_Kowndalan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Air_assaulting_Lwar_Kowndalan.jpg/440px-Air_assaulting_Lwar_Kowndalan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apache" title="Boeing AH-64 Apache">Apache</a> helicopter provides protection from the air, Lwar Kowndalan in Kandahar, 2005</figcaption></figure> From January 2006, a multinational ISAF contingent started to replace US troops in southern Afghanistan. The UK formed the core of the force, along with Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, and Estonia.<a href="#cite_note-news_bbc_co_uk2-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-news_bbc_co_uk3-174">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-news_bbc_co_uk6-175">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-www_centcom_mil5-176">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-www_defensenews_com7-177">[175]</a> In January 2006, NATO's focus in southern Afghanistan was to form <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Reconstruction_Team" title="Provincial Reconstruction Team">Provincial Reconstruction Teams</a>. Local Taliban figures pledged to resist.<a href="#cite_note-news_bbc_co_uk8-178">[176]</a> Since Canada wanted to deploy in Kandahar, the UK got Helmand province. Helmand was a center of poppy production, so it seemed a good region for the anti-narcotic focused UK. In hindsight, the UK were a poor choice. Pashtun Helmandis had never forgotten the 1880 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a> with the British, and it proved a source of significant resistance from them.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 138–142  Local intelligence suggested that the Taliban were going to wage a brutal campaign in the summer of 2006. Coalition generals sent this info up the chain of command, but decision-makers ignored warnings. The US was distracted in Iraq, and Secretary of State Rumsfeld was more interested in making the Afghan army affordable than effective. Of the 70,000 soldiers the Afghan army was supposed to have, only 26,000 had been trained and retained.<a href="#cite_note-:5-125">[123]</a>: 138–142  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_medic_in_Afghanistan_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Swedish_medic_in_Afghanistan_2006.jpg/220px-Swedish_medic_in_Afghanistan_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Swedish_medic_in_Afghanistan_2006.jpg/330px-Swedish_medic_in_Afghanistan_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Swedish_medic_in_Afghanistan_2006.jpg/440px-Swedish_medic_in_Afghanistan_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army" title="Swedish Army">Swedish Army</a> medic in the Mazar-e Sharif region, 2006</figcaption></figure> Spring and summer action in 2006 by the Coalition included <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mountain_Thrust" title="Operation Mountain Thrust">Operation Mountain Thrust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Medusa" title="Operation Medusa">Operation Medusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/2006_Dutch/Australian_Offensive" title="2006 Dutch/Australian Offensive">a Dutch/Australian offensive</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Panjwaii" title="Battle of Panjwaii">Battle of Panjwaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mountain_Fury" title="Operation Mountain Fury">Operation Mountain Fury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Falcon_Summit" title="Operation Falcon Summit">Operation Falcon Summit</a>. The Coalition achieved tactical victories and area denial, but the Taliban were not completely defeated. On 29 May 2006, a US military truck that was part of a convoy in Kabul lost control and plowed into civilian vehicles, killing one person and injuring six. The surrounding crowd got angry and a riot arose, lasting all day ending with 20 dead and 160 injured. When stone-throwing and gunfire had come from a crowd of some 400 men, the US troops had used their weapons "to defend themselves" while leaving the scene, a US military spokesman said. A correspondent for the Financial Times in Kabul suggested that this was the outbreak of "a ground swell of resentment" and "growing hostility to foreigners" that had been growing and building since 2004.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> UK actions in early 2007 included <a href="/wiki/Operation_Volcano" title="Operation Volcano">Operation Volcano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Achilles" title="Operation Achilles">Operation Achilles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lastay_Kulang" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Lastay Kulang">Operation Lastay Kulang</a>. The UK Ministry of Defence also announced its intention to bring British troop levels in the country up to 7,700.<a href="#cite_note-www_mod_uk10-181">[179]</a> In March 2007, the US deployed some 3,500 more troops, though the pace of deployment was slow due to American priorities in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> In the first five months of 2008, the number of US troops in Afghanistan increased by over 80% with a surge of 21,643 more troops, bringing the total from 26,607 in January to 48,250 in June.<a href="#cite_note-Congressional_Research_Services_Report_for_Congress_–_U.S._Forces_in_Afghanistan_–_Updated_15_July_2008-184">[182]</a> On 4 March 2007, US Marines killed at least 12 civilians and injured 33 in Shinwar district, Nangarhar,<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> in a response to a bomb ambush. The event became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Shinwar_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinwar massacre">Shinwar massacre</a>."<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> The 120 member Marine unit responsible for the attack were ordered to leave the country because the incident damaged the unit's relations with the local population.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> During the summer, NATO forces achieved tactical victories at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chora" title="Battle of Chora">Battle of Chora</a> in Orūzgān, where Dutch and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army#Current_deployments" title="Australian Army">Australian</a> ISAF forces were deployed. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Musa_Qala" title="Battle of Musa Qala">Battle of Musa Qala</a> took place in December. Afghan units were the principal fighting force, supported by British forces.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> Taliban forces were forced out of the town. In 2007, after more than 5 years of war, Western officials and analysts estimated the strength of Taliban forces at about 10,000 fighters fielded at any given time. Of that number, only 2,000 to 3,000 were highly motivated, full-time insurgents.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> The rest were volunteer units, made up of young Afghans, angered by deaths of Afghan civilians in military airstrikes and American detention of Muslim prisoners who had been held for years without being charged.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> In 2007, more foreign fighters came into Afghanistan than ever before, according to officials. Approximately 100 to 300 full-time combatants were foreigners, many from Pakistan, Uzbekistan, <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a>, perhaps Turkey and western China, and other countries. They were reportedly more violent, and uncontrollable, often bringing superior video-production or bomb making expertise.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-191">[189]</a> By 2010, the Taliban had as many as 25,000 dedicated soldiers, almost as many as before 9/11.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> General McChrystal, newly appointed as US commander in Afghanistan, said that the Taliban had gained the upper hand. In a continuation of the Taliban's usual strategy of summer offensives,<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> the militants aggressively spread their influence into north and west Afghanistan and stepped up their attack in an attempt to disrupt presidential polls.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> He added that the US strategy was to stop their momentum, and focus on protecting and safeguarding Afghan civilians, calling it "hard work."<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008-2009:_NATO_build-up,_Pakistan_skirmishes,_and_Karzai_re-election">2008-2009: NATO build-up, Pakistan skirmishes, and Karzai re-election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%27s_role_in_the_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan's role in the War on Terror">Pakistan's role in the War on Terror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_skirmishes" title="Pakistan–United States skirmishes">Pakistan–United States skirmishes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coalition_combat_operations_in_Afghanistan_in_2009" title="Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2009">Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2009</a></div> On 13 June 2008, Taliban fighters demonstrated their ongoing strength, liberating all prisoners in Kandahar jail. The operation freed 1200 prisoners, 400 of whom were Taliban, causing a major embarrassment for NATO.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> By the end of 2008, the Taliban apparently had severed remaining ties with al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-edition.cnn.com-197">[195]</a> According to senior US military intelligence officials, perhaps fewer than 100 members of al-Qaeda remained in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> In the summer of 2008, President Bush issued an order authorizing raids against militants in Pakistan. Pakistan said it would not allow foreign forces onto its territory and that it would vigorously protect its sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-bg-199">[197]</a> In September, the Pakistan military stated that it had issued orders to "open fire" on US soldiers who crossed the border in pursuit of militant forces.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> In September 2008, President Bush announced the withdrawal of over 8,000 from Iraq and a further increase of up to 4,500 in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> The same month, the UK lost its 100th serviceperson.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> On 3 September 2008, US commandos landed by helicopter and attacked three houses close to a known enemy stronghold in Pakistan. Pakistan condemned the attack, calling the incursion "a gross violation of Pakistan's territory."<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> On 6 September, in an apparent reaction, Pakistan announced an indefinite disconnection of supply lines to NATO forces.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> A further split occurred when Pakistani soldiers fired on NATO aircraft which had crossed the border on 25 September.<a href="#cite_note-big-206">[204]</a> However, despite tensions, the US increased the <a href="/wiki/Drone_attacks_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone attacks in Pakistan">use of remotely piloted drone aircraft in Pakistan's border regions</a>, in particular the Federal Tribal Areas and <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a>; by 2009, drone attacks were up 183% since 2006.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> By 2009 there was broad agreement in Afghanistan that the war should end, but how it should happen was a major issue for the candidates of the <a href="/wiki/2009_Afghan_presidential_election" title="2009 Afghan presidential election">2009 Afghan presidential election</a> that re-elected Karzai.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> In a televised speech after being elected, Karzai called on "our Taliban brothers to come home and embrace their land"<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> and laid plans to launch a <a href="/wiki/Loya_jirga" class="mw-redirect" title="Loya jirga">loya jirga</a>. Efforts were undermined by the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a>'s increase of American troops in the country.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> Karzai reiterated at a London conference in January 2010 that he wanted to reach out to the Taliban to lay down arms.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> cautiously supported the proposal.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan_Troop_Strength.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Afghanistan_Troop_Strength.svg/220px-Afghanistan_Troop_Strength.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Afghanistan_Troop_Strength.svg/330px-Afghanistan_Troop_Strength.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Afghanistan_Troop_Strength.svg/440px-Afghanistan_Troop_Strength.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Development of ISAF troop strength</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg/220px-US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg/330px-US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg/440px-US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3059" data-file-height="2039" /></a><figcaption>A US soldier and an Afghan interpreter in Zabul, 2009</figcaption></figure> January 2009 brought a change in American leadership, with the election of President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. That month, US soldiers, alongside Afghan Federal Guards, moved into the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Logar_Province" title="Logar Province">Logar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wardak_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Wardak Province">Wardak</a>, and Kunar. The troops were the first wave of an expected surge of reinforcements originally ordered by President Bush and increased by President Obama.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> In mid-February 2009, it was announced that 17,000 additional troops would be deployed in two <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a> and support troops; the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Marine_Expeditionary_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade">2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade</a> of about 3,500 and the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)#Current_structure" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">5th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Stryker_Brigade#Operators" class="mw-redirect" title="Stryker Brigade">Stryker brigade</a> with about 4,000.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> ISAF commander General <a href="/wiki/David_McKiernan" class="mw-redirect" title="David McKiernan">David McKiernan</a> had called for as many as 30,000 additional troops, effectively doubling the number of troops.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> On 23 September, a classified assessment by General McChrystal included his conclusion that a successful <a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">counterinsurgency</a> strategy would require 500,000 troops and five years.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> Pakistani drone strikes against Taliban and al-Qaeda militants increased substantially under President Obama.<a href="#cite_note-GregMiller-217">[215]</a> Some in the media referred to the attacks as a "drone war."<a href="#cite_note-afp20July2009-218">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-naf3June2009-219">[217]</a> In August 2009, <a href="/wiki/Baitullah_Mehsud" title="Baitullah Mehsud">Baitullah Mehsud</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan</a> was killed in a drone strike.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> June 2009 brought <a href="/wiki/Operation_Strike_of_the_Sword" title="Operation Strike of the Sword">Operation Strike of the Sword</a> in Helmand.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> It followed a British-led operation named <a href="/wiki/Operation_Panther%27s_Claw" title="Operation Panther's Claw">Operation Panther's Claw</a> in the same region, which was aimed to secure various canal and river crossings to establish a long-term ISAF presence.<a href="#cite_note-MoD,_23_June-222">[220]</a> On 4 September 2009, during the <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Province_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunduz Province Campaign">Kunduz Province Campaign</a> a <a href="/wiki/2009_Kunduz_airstrike" title="2009 Kunduz airstrike">devastating NATO air raid</a> was conducted 7 kilometers southwest of Kunduz, where Taliban fighters had hijacked civilian supply trucks, killing up to 179 people, including over 100 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-spiegel-20100806-223">[221]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snow_Storm_DVIDS227347.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Snow_Storm_DVIDS227347.jpg/220px-Snow_Storm_DVIDS227347.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Snow_Storm_DVIDS227347.jpg/330px-Snow_Storm_DVIDS227347.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Snow_Storm_DVIDS227347.jpg/440px-Snow_Storm_DVIDS227347.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Russian made <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mil Mi-8</a> chopper landing at Forward Operating Base Airborne to deliver mail and supplies, 2009</figcaption></figure> After Karzai's alleged <a href="/wiki/2009_Afghan_presidential_election" title="2009 Afghan presidential election">win of 54 percent</a> in 2009, which would prevent a runoff, over 400,000 Karzai votes had to be disallowed after accusations of fraud. Some nations criticized the elections as "free but not fair."<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-225">[223]</a> The Taliban's claim that the over 135 violent incidents disrupted elections was largely disputed. However, the media was asked to not report any violent incidents.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> In southern Afghanistan where the Taliban held the most power, voter turnout was low and sporadic violence was directed at voters and security personnel.<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> The Taliban released a video days after the elections, filming on the road between Kabul and Kandahar, stopping vehicles and asking to see their fingers (voters were marked by dipping their fingers in ink so they could not double vote). The video went showed ten men who had voted, listening to a Taliban militant. The Taliban pardoned the voters because of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> The Taliban attacked towns with rockets and other indirect fire. Amid claims of widespread fraud, both top contenders, Hamid Karzai and <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Abdullah" title="Abdullah Abdullah">Abdullah Abdullah</a>, claimed victory. Reports suggested that turnout was lower than in the prior election.<a href="#cite_note-:0-225">[223]</a> On 26 November, Karzai made a public plea for direct negotiations with the Taliban leadershi, saying there was an "urgent need" for negotiations and made it clear that the Obama administration had opposed such talks. There was no formal US response.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> In December 2009, an <a href="/wiki/Forward_Operating_Base_Chapman_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward Operating Base Chapman attack">attack on Forward Operating Base Chapman</a>, used by the CIA to gather information and to coordinate <a href="/wiki/Drone_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone attack">drone attacks</a> against Taliban leaders, killed eight working for the CIA.<a href="#cite_note-CBS_Setback-231">[229]</a> On 1 December 2009, Obama announced that the US would send 30,000 more troops.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> Antiwar organizations in the US responded quickly, and cities throughout the US saw protests on 2 December.<a href="#cite_note-Fight_Back!_News-233">[231]</a> Many protesters compared the decision to deploy more troops in Afghanistan to the expansion of the Vietnam War under the <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Vietnam_War" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010–2011:_Strategic_agreements_and_death_of_Bin_Laden">2010–2011: Strategic agreements and death of Bin Laden</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coalition_combat_operations_in_Afghanistan_in_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2010">Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2010</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Air_Force_Regiment_in_Afghanistan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Royal_Air_Force_Regiment_in_Afghanistan.JPG/220px-Royal_Air_Force_Regiment_in_Afghanistan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Royal_Air_Force_Regiment_in_Afghanistan.JPG/330px-Royal_Air_Force_Regiment_in_Afghanistan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Royal_Air_Force_Regiment_in_Afghanistan.JPG/440px-Royal_Air_Force_Regiment_in_Afghanistan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2310" /></a><figcaption>UK service members of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> Regiment stop on a road while conducting a combat mission near Kandahar Airfield, 2010</figcaption></figure> Deployment of additional US troops continued in early 2010, with 9,000 of the planned 30,000 in place before the end of March and another 18,000 expected by June.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> The surge in troops supported a sixfold increase in Special Forces operations.<a href="#cite_note-Eric_Schmitt-236">[234]</a> The surge of American personnel that began in late 2009 ended by September 2012.<a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> 700 airstrikes occurred in September 2010 alone versus 257 in all of 2009.<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> Due to increased use of IEDs by insurgents, the number of injured Coalition soldiers, mainly Americans, significantly increased.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> Beginning in May 2010 NATO special forces began to concentrate on operations to capture or kill specific Taliban leaders. As of March 2011, the US military claimed that the effort had resulted in the capture or killing of more than 900 low- to mid-level Taliban commanders.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday20110703-240">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> Overall, 2010 saw the most insurgent attacks of any year since the war began, peaking in September at more than 1,500.<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> In February 2010, Coalition and Afghan forces began highly visible plans for an offensive, codenamed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Moshtarak" title="Operation Moshtarak">Operation Moshtarak</a>, on a Taliban stronghold near the village of <a href="/wiki/Marjah" title="Marjah">Marjah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Peace_Jirga_2010" title="Afghan Peace Jirga 2010">"Peace Jirga"</a> was held in Kabul, attended by 1,600 delegates, in June 2010. However, the Taliban and the <a href="/wiki/Hezb-i_Islami_Gulbuddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hezb-i Islami Gulbuddin">Hezb-i Islami Gulbuddin</a>, who were both invited by Karzai as a gesture of goodwill did not attend the conference.<a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a> The Taliban's co-founder and then-second-in-command, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghani_Baradar" title="Abdul Ghani Baradar">Abdul Ghani Baradar</a>, was one of the leading Taliban members who favored talks with the US and Afghan governments. Karzai's administration reportedly held talks with Baradar in February; however, later that month, Baradar was captured in a joint US-Pakistani raid in the city of <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> in Pakistan. The arrest infuriated Karzai and invoked suspicions that he was seized because the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_intelligence_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani intelligence community">Pakistani intelligence community</a> was opposed to Afghan peace talks.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> Karzai started peace talks with Haqqani-network groups in March.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> In 2010, a mindset change and strategy occurred within the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a>, to allow possible political negotiations to solve the war.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> The Taliban themselves had refused to speak to the Afghan government, portraying them as an American "puppet." Sporadic efforts for peace talks between the US and the Taliban occurred afterward, and it was reported in October 2010 that Taliban leadership commanders (the "<a href="/wiki/Quetta_Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Quetta Shura">Quetta Shura</a>") had left their haven in Pakistan and been safely escorted to Kabul by <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> aircraft for talks, with the assurance that NATO staff would not apprehend them.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> After the talks concluded, it emerged that the leader of this delegation, who claimed to be <a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Mansour" title="Akhtar Mansour">Akhtar Mansour</a>, the second-in-command of the Taliban, was actually an imposter who had duped NATO officials.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> On 25 July 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_War_documents_leak" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan War documents leak">release of 91,731 classified documents</a> from the <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> organization was made public. The documents cover US military incident and <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_(information_gathering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence (information gathering)">intelligence</a> reports from January 2004 to December 2009.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> Some of these documents included sanitized, and "covered up", accounts of civilian casualties caused by <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Forces">Coalition Forces</a>. The reports included many references to other incidents involving civilian casualties like the Kunduz airstrike and <a href="/wiki/Nangar_Khel_incident" title="Nangar Khel incident">Nangar Khel incident</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> The leaked documents also contain reports of Pakistan collusion with the Taliban. According to Der Spiegel, "the documents clearly show that the Pakistani intelligence agency <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> (usually known as the ISI) is the most important accomplice the Taliban has outside of Afghanistan."<a href="#cite_note-Spiegel2-253">[251]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASLAV_in_Afghanistan_during_early_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ASLAV_in_Afghanistan_during_early_2011.jpg/220px-ASLAV_in_Afghanistan_during_early_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ASLAV_in_Afghanistan_during_early_2011.jpg/330px-ASLAV_in_Afghanistan_during_early_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ASLAV_in_Afghanistan_during_early_2011.jpg/440px-ASLAV_in_Afghanistan_during_early_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="2148" /></a><figcaption>An Australian service light armored vehicle drives through <a href="/wiki/Tangi_Valley" title="Tangi Valley">Tangi Valley</a>, 2011</figcaption></figure> On 2 May 2011, US officials announced that Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden had been killed in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Neptune_Spear" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Neptune Spear">Operation Neptune Spear</a>, conducted by the US <a href="/wiki/Navy_SEAL" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy SEAL">Navy SEALs</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Abbottabad" title="Abbottabad">Abbottabad</a>, Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> Pakistan came under intense international scrutiny after the raid. The Pakistani government denied that it had sheltered bin Laden, and said it had shared information with the CIA and other intelligence agencies about the compound since 2009.<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> The 2011 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(2011)" title="Battle of Kandahar (2011)">Battle of Kandahar</a> was part of an offensive that followed a 30 April announcement that the Taliban would launch their spring offensive.<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> On 7 May, the Taliban launched a major offensive on government buildings in Kandahar.<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> called it "the worst attack in Kandahar province since the fall of the Taliban government, and an embarrassment for the [Afghan] government."<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> Karzai confirmed in June 2011 that secret talks were taking place between the US and the Taliban,<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> but these collapsed by August.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> On 22 June 2011, President Obama announced that 10,000 troops <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">would be withdrawn</a> by the end of the year, and an additional 23,000 troops would return by the summer of 2012. After the withdrawal of 10,000 US troops, only 80,000 remained.<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> In July 2011 Canada withdrew its combat troops, transitioning to a training role. Following suit, other NATO countries announced troop reductions.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Taliban attacks continued at the same rate as they did in 2011, around 28,000 in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeswehr_in_Afghanistan,_August_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bundeswehr_in_Afghanistan%2C_August_2011.jpg/220px-Bundeswehr_in_Afghanistan%2C_August_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bundeswehr_in_Afghanistan%2C_August_2011.jpg/330px-Bundeswehr_in_Afghanistan%2C_August_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bundeswehr_in_Afghanistan%2C_August_2011.jpg/440px-Bundeswehr_in_Afghanistan%2C_August_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A German <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> soldier, part of ISAF's Regional Command North at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Marmal" title="Camp Marmal">Camp Marmal</a>, 2011</figcaption></figure> Tensions between Pakistan and the US were heightened in late September 2011 after several Pakistan Frontier Corps soldiers were killed and wounded. The troops were attacked by a US piloted aircraft that was pursuing Taliban forces near the Afghan-Pakistan border, but for unknown reasons opened fire on two Pakistan border posts. In retaliation for the strike, Pakistan closed the Torkham ground border crossing to NATO supply convoys for an unspecified period. This incident followed the release of a video allegedly showing uniformed Pakistan soldiers executing unarmed civilians.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> After the Torkham border closing, Pakistani Taliban attacked NATO convoys, killing several drivers and destroying around 100 tankers.<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a> ISAF forces <a href="/wiki/2011_NATO_attack_in_Pakistan" title="2011 NATO attack in Pakistan">skirmished Pakistan's armed forces</a> on 26 November, killing 24 Pakistani soldiers. Each side claimed the other shot first. Pakistan blocked NATO supply lines and ordered Americans to leave <a href="/wiki/Shamsi_Airfield" title="Shamsi Airfield">Shamsi Airfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_News-265">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newsweek-012-266">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012-2013:_U.S._troop_incidents,_Obama-Karzai_meetings">2012-2013: U.S. troop incidents, Obama-Karzai meetings</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Afghanistan_Strategic_Partnership_Agreement" title="U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement">U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Soldiers_walk_by_two_Afghan_boys_while_performing_a_presence_patrol_through_the_snow-covered_streets_of_Gardez,_Paktia_province,_Afghanistan,_Feb_120216-A-ZU930-005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/U.S._Soldiers_walk_by_two_Afghan_boys_while_performing_a_presence_patrol_through_the_snow-covered_streets_of_Gardez%2C_Paktia_province%2C_Afghanistan%2C_Feb_120216-A-ZU930-005.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/U.S._Soldiers_walk_by_two_Afghan_boys_while_performing_a_presence_patrol_through_the_snow-covered_streets_of_Gardez%2C_Paktia_province%2C_Afghanistan%2C_Feb_120216-A-ZU930-005.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/U.S._Soldiers_walk_by_two_Afghan_boys_while_performing_a_presence_patrol_through_the_snow-covered_streets_of_Gardez%2C_Paktia_province%2C_Afghanistan%2C_Feb_120216-A-ZU930-005.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2713" data-file-height="1809" /></a><figcaption>US soldiers walk by local Afghan boys during a patrol in <a href="/wiki/Gardez" title="Gardez">Gardez</a>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Video_of_US_troops_urinating_on_Taliban_fighters" class="mw-redirect" title="Video of US troops urinating on Taliban fighters">Beginning in January 2012</a>, incidents involving US troops<a href="#cite_note-SMH20120419-267">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_20120418_2-268">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-RHP20120418-269">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN20120418-271">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a> occurred that were described by <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a> as "a series of damaging incidents and disclosures involving US troops in Afghanistan."<a href="#cite_note-SMH20120419-267">[265]</a> These incidents created fractures in the partnership between Afghanistan and ISAF,<a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a> raised the question whether discipline within US troops was breaking down,<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> undermined "the image of foreign forces in a country where there is already deep resentment owing to civilian deaths and a perception among many Afghans that US troops lack respect for Afghan culture and people"<a href="#cite_note-Guardian20120706-275">[273]</a> and strained the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Afghanistan–United States relations">relations between Afghanistan and the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_20120418_2-268">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-RHP20120418-269">[267]</a> Besides an <a href="/wiki/Insurgents%27_bodies_incident" title="Insurgents' bodies incident">incident involving US troops who posed with body parts of dead insurgents</a> and a video apparently showing a US helicopter crew singing "<a href="/wiki/American_Pie_(song)" title="American Pie (song)">bye-bye Miss American Pie</a>" before blasting a group of Afghan men with a Hellfire missile<a href="#cite_note-Guardian20120706-275">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> these "high-profile US military incidents in Afghanistan"<a href="#cite_note-CNN20120418-271">[269]</a> also included the <a href="/wiki/2012_Afghanistan_Quran_burning_protests" title="2012 Afghanistan Quran burning protests">2012 Afghanistan Quran burning protests</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kandahar_massacre" title="Kandahar massacre">Panjwai shooting spree</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Black_Hawk_boarding_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Black_Hawk_boarding_%281%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Black_Hawk_boarding_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Black_Hawk_boarding_%281%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Black_Hawk_boarding_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Black_Hawk_boarding_%281%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Black_Hawk_boarding_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>US Army soldiers boarding a <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">Black Hawk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nari_District" title="Nari District">Nari District</a>, near the Pakistani border, 2012</figcaption></figure> Karzai visited the US in January 2012. At the time, the US Government stated its openness to withdrawing all of its troops by the end of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> On 11 January 2012, Karzai and Obama agreed to transfer combat operations from NATO to Afghan forces by spring 2013 rather than summer 2013.<a href="#cite_note-NYTO20130111-278">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN20130112-279">[277]</a> "What's going to happen this spring is that Afghans will be in the lead throughout the country", Obama said. "They [ISAF forces] will still be fighting alongside Afghan troops...we will be in a training, assisting, advising role."<a href="#cite_note-CNN20130112-279">[277]</a> He also stated the reason of the withdrawals that "We achieved our central goal, or have come very close...which is to de-capacitate al-Qaeda" and making sure that "they can't attack us again."<a href="#cite_note-WP20130111-280">[278]</a> He added that any US mission beyond 2014 would focus solely on <a href="/wiki/Counterterrorism" title="Counterterrorism">counterterrorism</a> operations and training.<a href="#cite_note-WP20130111-280">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes20130111-281">[279]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:120125-A-0000F-006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/120125-A-0000F-006.jpg/220px-120125-A-0000F-006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/120125-A-0000F-006.jpg/330px-120125-A-0000F-006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/120125-A-0000F-006.jpg/440px-120125-A-0000F-006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>Troops from the 31st and 33rd Kandak, Afghan National Army, execute a departure for Operation Valley Flood, 2012</figcaption></figure> In 2012 the leaders of NATO-member countries endorsed an exit strategy during the NATO Summit.<a href="#cite_note-dx-153">[151]</a> ISAF Forces would transfer command of all combat missions to Afghan forces by the middle of 2013,<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_20120521-282">[280]</a> while shifting from combat to advising, training and assisting Afghan security forces.<a href="#cite_note-Chicago_Declaration-283">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a> Most of the 130,000 ISAF troops would depart by the end of December 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_20120521-282">[280]</a> A new NATO mission would then assume the support role.<a href="#cite_note-Chicago_Declaration-283">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> Further attempts to resume talks were canceled in March 2012,<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a> and June 2013 following a dispute between the Afghan government and the Taliban regarding the latter's opening of a <a href="/wiki/Taliban_in_Qatar" title="Taliban in Qatar">political office in Qatar</a>. President Karzai accused the Taliban of portraying themselves as a <a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government in exile">government in exile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a> On <a href="/wiki/2012_Chicago_summit" title="2012 Chicago summit">2 May 2012</a>, Presidents Karzai and Obama signed <a href="/wiki/US%E2%80%93Afghanistan_Strategic_Partnership_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="US–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement">a strategic partnership agreement</a> between the two countries, after the US president had arrived unannounced in Kabul.<a href="#cite_note-NYT20120501-288">[286]</a> On 7 July, as part of the agreement, the US designated Afghanistan a <a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">major non-NATO ally</a> after Karzai and Clinton met in Kabul.<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a> Both leaders agreed that the United States would transfer Afghan prisoners and prisons to the Afghan government<a href="#cite_note-CNN20130112-279">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC20130111-290">[288]</a> and withdraw troops from Afghan villages in spring 2013.<a href="#cite_note-BBC20130111-290">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT20130111-291">[289]</a> On 18 June 2013 the transfer of security responsibilities from NATO to Afghan forces was completed.<a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> ISAF remained slated to end its mission by the end of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ29130618-293">[291]</a> Some 100,000 ISAF forces remained in the country.<a href="#cite_note-AJE20130618-294">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014–2015:_Withdrawal_and_increase_of_insurgency">2014–2015: Withdrawal and increase of insurgency</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Freedom%27s_Sentinel" title="Operation Freedom's Sentinel">Operation Freedom's Sentinel</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presentation_of_the_Resolute_Support_Colors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Presentation_of_the_Resolute_Support_Colors.jpg/220px-Presentation_of_the_Resolute_Support_Colors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Presentation_of_the_Resolute_Support_Colors.jpg/330px-Presentation_of_the_Resolute_Support_Colors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Presentation_of_the_Resolute_Support_Colors.jpg/440px-Presentation_of_the_Resolute_Support_Colors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>Resolute Support Colors presented at Kabul on 28 December 2014, after the ISAF colors are encased</figcaption></figure> The UK and the US officially ended their combat operation in Afghanistan on 26 October 2014. The UK handed over its last base in Afghanistan, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Shorabak" title="Camp Shorabak">Camp Bastion</a>, and the US handed over its last base, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Leatherneck" title="Camp Leatherneck">Camp Leatherneck</a>, to Afghan forces.<a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a> Around 500 UK troops remained in "non-combat" roles.<a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a> On 28 December, NATO officially ended combat operations in a ceremony held in Kabul.<a href="#cite_note-2014APcessation-298">[296]</a> Continued operations by US forces within Afghanistan were under <a href="/wiki/Operation_Freedom%27s_Sentinel" title="Operation Freedom's Sentinel">Operation Freedom's Sentinel</a>;<a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a> and the new NATO mission was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Resolute_Support" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Resolute Support">Operation Resolute Support</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a> The withdrawal of troops did not mean the withdrawal of military presence. As US troops withdrew from Afghanistan, they were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Private_security_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Private security companies">private security companies</a> hired by the United States government and the United Nations. Many of these private security companies (also termed <a href="/wiki/Military_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Military contractor">military contractors</a>) consisted of ex-Coalition military personnel. This allowed the US and British to continue to be involved in ground actions without the requirement to station their own forces.<a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> The Taliban began a resurgence due to several factors. The withdrawal of most foreign forces from Afghanistan reduced the risk the Taliban faced of being bombed and raided. In June 2014, the Pakistani military's <a href="/wiki/Operation_Zarb-e-Azb" title="Operation Zarb-e-Azb">Operation Zarb-e-Azb</a>, launched in the <a href="/wiki/North_Waziristan" class="mw-redirect" title="North Waziristan">North Waziristan</a> tribal area, dislodged thousands of mainly Uzbek, Arab and Pakistani militants, who flooded into Afghanistan and swelled the Taliban's ranks. The group was further emboldened by the comparative lack of interest from the international community, as attention was given to other world crises, such as <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)">Iraq</a>, or <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">Ukraine</a>. Afghan security forces lacked, among other things, air power and reconnaissance. The political infighting in the central government in Kabul, and the apparent weakness in governance at different levels, were exploited by the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-302">[300]</a> The Taliban expanded governance in the areas under their control, attempting to build local-level legitimacy.<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a> Their governance strategy rested in particular on the provision of justice, which was often viewed as less corrupt than the courts of the government.<a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[303]</a> Heavy fighting occurred in Kunduz Province,<a href="#cite_note-306">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a> which was the site of <a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency_in_Northern_Afghanistan" title="Counterinsurgency in Northern Afghanistan">clashes from 2009 onwards</a>. In May 2015, flights into the northern city of Kunduz were suspended due to weeks of clashes between the Afghan security forces and the Taliban outside the city.<a href="#cite_note-308">[306]</a> The intensifying conflict in the Northern <a href="/wiki/Char_Dara_District" title="Char Dara District">Char Dara District</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunduz province">Kunduz province</a> led the Afghan government to enlist local militia fighters to bolster opposition to the Taliban insurgency.<a href="#cite_note-309">[307]</a> In June, the Taliban intensified attacks around <a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a> city as part of a major offensive in an attempt to capture it;<a href="#cite_note-310">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[310]</a> tens of thousands of inhabitants were displaced internally. The government recaptured the Char Dara district after roughly a month of fighting.<a href="#cite_note-313">[311]</a> In late September, Taliban forces launched an attack on Kunduz city, seizing several outlying villages and entering the city. The Taliban stormed the regional hospital and clashed with security forces at the nearby university. The fighting saw the Taliban attack from four different districts: Char Dara to the west, Aliabad to the southwest, Khanabad to the east, and Imam Saheb to the north.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Kunduz-314">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[313]</a> The Taliban took the Zakhel and Ali Khel villages on the highway leading south, which connects the city to Kabul and Mazar-e Sharif through Aliabad district. They reportedly made their largest gains in the southwest of Kunduz, where some armed local communities had started supporting the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Kunduz-314">[312]</a> Taliban fighters had allegedly blocked the route to the airport, to prevent civilians fleeing the city.<a href="#cite_note-316">[314]</a> One witness reported that the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/National_Directorate_of_Security" title="National Directorate of Security">National Directorate of Security</a> was set on fire.<a href="#cite_note-317">[315]</a> Kunduz was recaptured by Afghan and American forces on 14 October.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In mid-January 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State caliphate</a> established a branch in Afghanistan called <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province">Khorasan</a> (ISKP, or ISIS-K) and began recruiting fighters<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_confirmed_to_have_presence_in_Afghanistan-318">[316]</a> and clashing with the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-cbsnews.com1-319">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[318]</a> It was created after pledging allegiance to the self-assumed worldwide caliph <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[319]</a> On 18 March, Hafiz Wahidi, ISIL's replacement deputy Emir in Afghanistan, was killed by the Afghan Armed Forces, along with 9 other ISIL militants accompanying him.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_Afghan_replacement_deputy_killed-322">[320]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TAAC-E_advisers_emphasize_Afghan_police_logistics_in_Nangarhar_150106-A-VO006-013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/TAAC-E_advisers_emphasize_Afghan_police_logistics_in_Nangarhar_150106-A-VO006-013.jpg/220px-TAAC-E_advisers_emphasize_Afghan_police_logistics_in_Nangarhar_150106-A-VO006-013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/TAAC-E_advisers_emphasize_Afghan_police_logistics_in_Nangarhar_150106-A-VO006-013.jpg/330px-TAAC-E_advisers_emphasize_Afghan_police_logistics_in_Nangarhar_150106-A-VO006-013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/TAAC-E_advisers_emphasize_Afghan_police_logistics_in_Nangarhar_150106-A-VO006-013.jpg/440px-TAAC-E_advisers_emphasize_Afghan_police_logistics_in_Nangarhar_150106-A-VO006-013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>US Army soldier in Nangarhar Province, 2015</figcaption></figure> In 2015, the Taliban began an offensive that took over parts of Helmand Province. By June, they had seized control of <a href="/wiki/Dishu_District" title="Dishu District">Dishu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baghran_District" title="Baghran District">Baghran</a> killing 5,588 Afghan government security forces (3,720 of them were police officers).<a href="#cite_note-323">[321]</a> By the end of July, the Taliban had overrun <a href="/wiki/Nawzad_District" title="Nawzad District">Nawzad District</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a> and on 26 August, the Taliban took control of <a href="/wiki/Musa_Qala_District" title="Musa Qala District">Musa Qala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a> In October, Taliban forces had attempted to take <a href="/wiki/Lashkar_Gah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lashkar Gah">Lashkar Gah</a>, the capital of Helmand province. The Afghan 215th Corps and special operations forces launched a counteroffensive against the Taliban in November,<a href="#cite_note-326">[324]</a> Whilst the assault was repelled, Taliban forces remained dug into the city's suburbs as of December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Prepare_200_Graves_Times-327">[325]</a> On 22 June 2015, the Taliban detonated a car bomb outside the National Assembly in Kabul, and Taliban fighters attacked the building with assault rifles and <a href="/wiki/Rocket-propelled_grenade" title="Rocket-propelled grenade">RPGs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_June2015-328">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters_June2015-329">[327]</a> The bombing highlighted differences within the Taliban in their approach to peace talks.<a href="#cite_note-economistjune-330">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[329]</a> In July 2015, Pakistan hosted the first official peace talks between Taliban representatives and the Afghan government. U.S. and China attended the talks brokered by Pakistan in Murree as two observers.<a href="#cite_note-332">[330]</a> In January 2016, Pakistan hosted a round of four-way talks with Afghan, Chinese and American officials, but the Taliban did not attend.<a href="#cite_note-333">[331]</a> The Taliban did hold informal talks with the Afghan government in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a> China's reason for the negotiation was that Afghan security situation affected its own separatist groups, and economic activity with Pakistan. The Taliban declined.<a href="#cite_note-335">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aljazeera-336">[334]</a> On 11 November 2015, it was reported that infighting had broken out between different Taliban factions in Zabul Province. Fighters loyal to the new Taliban leader Mullah Akhtar Mansoor fought a pro-ISIL splinter faction led by Mullah Mansoor Dadullah. Even though Dadullah's faction enjoyed the support of foreign ISIL fighters, including Uzbeks and Chechens, it was reported that Mansoor's Taliban loyalists had the upper hand. According to Ghulam Jilani Farahi, provincial director of security in Zabul, more than 100 militants from both sides were killed since the fighting broke out.<a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a> The infighting stifled peace talks.<a href="#cite_note-the_guardian-338">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-US_department_of_defence-339">[337]</a> As a result of the infighting, which has resulted in Mansour being consumed with a campaign to quell dissent against his leadership; <a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a>, chief of the <a href="/wiki/Haqqani_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Haqqani Network">Haqqani Network</a> was selected to become the deputy leader of the Taliban in the summer of 2015, during a leadership struggle within the Taliban. Sirajuddin and other Haqqani leaders increasingly ran the day-to-day military operations for the Taliban, in particular; refining urban terrorist attacks and cultivating a sophisticated international fund-raising network, they also appointed Taliban governors and began uniting the Taliban. As a result, the Haqqani Network is now closely integrated with the Taliban at a leadership level, and is growing in influence within the insurgency, whereas the network was largely autonomous before, and there are concerns that the fighting is going to be deadlier. Tensions with the Pakistani military have also been raised because American and Afghan officials accuse them of sheltering the Haqqanis as a proxy group.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com_2-340">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC_news-341">[339]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TAAC-E_advisers_observe_progress_in_Afghan_police_logistics_150217-A-VO006-028.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/TAAC-E_advisers_observe_progress_in_Afghan_police_logistics_150217-A-VO006-028.jpg/220px-TAAC-E_advisers_observe_progress_in_Afghan_police_logistics_150217-A-VO006-028.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/TAAC-E_advisers_observe_progress_in_Afghan_police_logistics_150217-A-VO006-028.jpg/330px-TAAC-E_advisers_observe_progress_in_Afghan_police_logistics_150217-A-VO006-028.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/TAAC-E_advisers_observe_progress_in_Afghan_police_logistics_150217-A-VO006-028.jpg/440px-TAAC-E_advisers_observe_progress_in_Afghan_police_logistics_150217-A-VO006-028.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4462" data-file-height="2974" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Train_Advise_Assist_Command_%E2%80%93_East" title="Train Advise Assist Command – East">TAAC-E</a> advisers in 2015</figcaption></figure> December 2015 saw a renewed Taliban offensive in Helmand focused on the town of <a href="/wiki/Sangin" title="Sangin">Sangin</a>. The Sangin district fell to the Taliban on 21 December after fierce clashes that killed more than 90 soldiers in two days.<a href="#cite_note-342">[340]</a> It was reported that 30 members of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a> alongside 60 US special forces operators joined the Afghan Army in the Battle to retake parts of Sangin from Taliban insurgents,<a href="#cite_note-343">[341]</a> in addition, about 300 US troops and a small number of British remained in Helmand to advise Afghan commanders at the <a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">corps</a> level.<a href="#cite_note-auto2017-344">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[343]</a> Senior American commanders said that the Afghan troops in the province have lacked effective leaders as well as the necessary weapons and ammunition to hold off persistent Taliban attacks. Some Afghan soldiers in Helmand have been fighting in tough conditions for years without a break to see their family, leading to poor morale and high desertion rates.<a href="#cite_note-auto2017-344">[342]</a> Numerous peace movements started arising in Afghanistan, including the <a href="/wiki/Tabassum_movement" title="Tabassum movement">Tabassum movement</a> in 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_Movement_(Afghanistan)" title="Enlightenment Movement (Afghanistan)">Enlightenment Movement</a> during 2016–2017, <a href="/wiki/Uprising_for_Change_(Afghanistan)" title="Uprising for Change (Afghanistan)">Uprising for Change</a> in 2017, and the People's Peace Movement in March 2018.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016-2017:_Collapse_of_peace_talks,_emergence_of_Islamic_State">2016-2017: Collapse of peace talks, emergence of Islamic State</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></div> In January 2016, the US government sent a directive to the Pentagon which granted new legal authority for the US military to go on the offensive against Militants affiliated with the ISIL-KP, after the State Department announced the designation of ISIS in Afghanistan and Pakistan as a foreign terrorist organization. The number of militants started with around 60 or 70, with most of them coming over the border with Pakistan but eventually[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] ranged between 1,000 and 3,000 militants.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-346">[344]</a> They were mainly defectors from the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Afghan</a> and the Pakistani Taliban, and were generally confined to <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar Province</a>, and partially, <a href="/wiki/Kunar_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunar province">Kunar province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-346">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[345]</a> In early February 2016, Taliban insurgents renewed their assault on Sangin, after previously being repulsed in December 2015, launching a string of ferocious attacks on Afghan government forces earlier in the month. As a result, the United States decided to send troops from the 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/87th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="87th Infantry Regiment (United States)">87th Infantry Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division" title="10th Mountain Division">10th Mountain Division</a>, in order to prop up the Afghan <a href="/wiki/215th_Corps_(Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="215th Corps (Afghanistan)">215th Corps</a> in Helmand province, particularly around Sangin, joining US special operations forces already in the area.<a href="#cite_note-348">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-the_New_York_Times-352">[350]</a> On 14 March 2016, <a href="/wiki/Khanneshin" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanneshin">Khanneshin</a> District in Helmand Province fell to the Taliban; and district by district, Afghan troops were retreating back to urban centers in Helmand.<a href="#cite_note-Aljazeera-336">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-the_New_York_Times-352">[350]</a> In early April 2016, 600 Afghan troops launched a major offensive to retake Taliban-occupied areas in and around Sangin.<a href="#cite_note-353">[351]</a> An Afghan army offensive to retake the town of Khanisheen was repelled by the Taliban, and desertions from the army in the area were rife.<a href="#cite_note-354">[352]</a> Despite US airstrikes, militants besieged Lashkar Gah, reportedly controlling all roads leading to the city and areas a few kilometres away. The US stepped up airstrikes in support of Afghan ground forces. Afghan forces in the city were reported as "exhausted", whilst police checkpoints around the capital were falling one by one. Meanwhile, the Taliban sent a new elite commando force into Helmand called "<a href="/wiki/Red_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Group">Sara Khitta</a>" in Pashto.<a href="#cite_note-355">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[355]</a> Afghan security forces beat back attacks by Taliban fighters encroaching on Chah-e-Anji nearby Lashkar Gah; Afghan special forces backed by US airstrikes battled increasingly well-armed and disciplined Taliban militants. An Afghan special forces commander said "The Taliban have heavily armed, uniformed units that are equipped with night vision and modern weapons."<a href="#cite_note-358">[356]</a> On 10 March 2016, officials said that the Taliban clashed with a Taliban splinter group (led by Muhammad Rasul) in the Shindand district of <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, and up to 100 militants were killed.<a href="#cite_note-the_guardian-338">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-US_department_of_defence-339">[337]</a> In April 2016, President Ashraf Ghani "pulled the plug" on the Afghan governments failing effort to start peace talks with the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-359">[357]</a> Additionally, due to the integration of Haqqani Networks into the Taliban leadership, it would become harder for peace talks to take place.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com_2-340">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC_news-341">[339]</a> Although leader of the Taliban, <a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Haibatullah Akhundzada</a>, said a peace agreement was possible if the government in Kabul renounced its foreign allies.<a href="#cite_note-360">[358]</a> On 23 July 2016, Afghan and US forces began an offensive to clear Nangarhar province of Islamic State militants hours after the <a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing</a>, the operation was dubbed "Wrath of the Storm" involving both Afghan regular army and special forces and is the Afghan army's first major strategic offensive of the summer. The estimated size of the ISIL-KP in January 2016 was around 3,000, but by July, the number had been reduced to around 1,000 to 1,500, with 70% of its fighters coming from the TTP.<a href="#cite_note-militarytimes-361">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[361]</a> As of July 2016, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a> estimated that at least 20% of Afghanistan was under Taliban control with southernmost <a href="/wiki/Helmand_Province" title="Helmand Province">Helmand Province</a> as major stronghold,<a href="#cite_note-364">[362]</a> while General Nicholson stated that Afghan official armed forces' casualties had risen 20 percent compared to 2015.<a href="#cite_note-militarytimes-361">[359]</a> On 22 August, the US announced that 100 US troops were sent to Lashkar Gah to help prevent the Taliban from overrunning it, in what Brigadier General Charles Cleveland called a "temporary effort" to advise the Afghan police.<a href="#cite_note-365">[363]</a> On 22 September 2016, the Afghan government signed a draft peace deal with <a href="/wiki/Hezb-e_Islami_Gulbuddin" title="Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin">Hezb-i-Islami</a>.<a href="#cite_note-366">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[365]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldiers_of_Special_Forces_of_10th_Special_Forces_Group_(Airborne)_memorialize_two_of_their_fallen_brothers_during_a_memorial_held_at_Kunduz_Airfield_in_Afghanistan_on_Nov._7,_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Soldiers_of_Special_Forces_of_10th_Special_Forces_Group_%28Airborne%29_memorialize_two_of_their_fallen_brothers_during_a_memorial_held_at_Kunduz_Airfield_in_Afghanistan_on_Nov._7%2C_2016.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Soldiers_of_Special_Forces_of_10th_Special_Forces_Group_%28Airborne%29_memorialize_two_of_their_fallen_brothers_during_a_memorial_held_at_Kunduz_Airfield_in_Afghanistan_on_Nov._7%2C_2016.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Soldiers_of_Special_Forces_of_10th_Special_Forces_Group_%28Airborne%29_memorialize_two_of_their_fallen_brothers_during_a_memorial_held_at_Kunduz_Airfield_in_Afghanistan_on_Nov._7%2C_2016.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1629" data-file-height="1171" /></a><figcaption>Green Berets of the <a href="/wiki/10th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="10th Special Forces Group (United States)">10th SFG</a> memorialize two comrades who were killed in action during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boz_Qandahari" title="Battle of Boz Qandahari">Battle of Boz Qandahari</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> On 31 December 2016, the Taliban continued their assault on the province with attacks on Sangin and Marjah districts.<a href="#cite_note-368">[366]</a> Some estimated suggest the Taliban had retaken more than 80% of Helmand province.<a href="#cite_note-marinecorpstimes-369">[367]</a> In early January 2017, the Marine Corps Times reported that Afghan forces seek to rebuild, following an exhausting 2016 fighting season; 33 districts, spread across 16 Afghan provinces, were under insurgent control whilst 258 were under government control and nearly 120 districts remained "contested."<a href="#cite_note-marinecorpstimes-369">[367]</a> According to an inspector general, the Afghan army comprises about 169,000 soldiers, but in 2016, they suffered a 33 percent attrition rate—a 7 percent increase from 2015.<a href="#cite_note-marinecorpstimes-369">[367]</a> In early March 2017, American and Afghan forces launched Operation Hamza to "flush" ISIS-K from its stronghold in eastern Afghanistan, engaging in regular ground battles.<a href="#cite_note-370">[368]</a> In April 2017, NATO spokesman Captain Bill Salvin said that Afghan and international forces had reduced ISIS-K controlled territory in Afghanistan by two-thirds and had killed around half their fighters in the previous two years. Since the beginning of 2017, 460 airstrikes against terrorists (with drone strikes alone killing more than 200 IS militants); he added that the affiliate has an estimated 600–800 fighters in two eastern Afghan provinces.<a href="#cite_note-371">[369]</a> On 23 March 2017, <a href="/wiki/Sangin_District" title="Sangin District">Sangin district</a> was captured by the Taliban, as they had overrun the district center of the town of Sangin. During the earlier phase of the war, almost a quarter of British casualties were caused by fighting for the town, while more recently hundreds of Afghan troops died defending it.<a href="#cite_note-372">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[371]</a> On 29 April, the US deployed an additional 5,000 Marines to the Southern Helmand Province.<a href="#cite_note-374">[372]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_CH-47_Chinook_helicopter_pilots_fly_near_Jalalabad,_Afghanistan,_April_5,_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/U.S._Army_CH-47_Chinook_helicopter_pilots_fly_near_Jalalabad%2C_Afghanistan%2C_April_5%2C_2017.jpg/220px-U.S._Army_CH-47_Chinook_helicopter_pilots_fly_near_Jalalabad%2C_Afghanistan%2C_April_5%2C_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/U.S._Army_CH-47_Chinook_helicopter_pilots_fly_near_Jalalabad%2C_Afghanistan%2C_April_5%2C_2017.jpg/330px-U.S._Army_CH-47_Chinook_helicopter_pilots_fly_near_Jalalabad%2C_Afghanistan%2C_April_5%2C_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/U.S._Army_CH-47_Chinook_helicopter_pilots_fly_near_Jalalabad%2C_Afghanistan%2C_April_5%2C_2017.jpg/440px-U.S._Army_CH-47_Chinook_helicopter_pilots_fly_near_Jalalabad%2C_Afghanistan%2C_April_5%2C_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4329" data-file-height="2886" /></a><figcaption>USAF pilots fly a CH-47 Chinook in Nangarhar, 2017</figcaption></figure>On 21 April 2017, the Taliban <a href="/wiki/2017_Camp_Shaheen_attack" title="2017 Camp Shaheen attack">attacked Camp Shaheen</a> near Mazar-e-Sharif, killing over 140 Afghan soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-375">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a> On 15 September 2017, the New York Times reported that the CIA was seeking authority to conduct its own <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone strikes in Afghanistan">drone strikes in Afghanistan</a> and other war zones, according to current and former intelligence and military officials, and that the change in authority was being considered by the White House as part of the new strategy despite concerns by the Pentagon.<a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a> On 19 September, the Trump Administration deployed another 3,000 US troops to Afghanistan. They would add to the approximately 11,000 US troops already serving in Afghanistan, bringing the total to at least 14,000 US troops stationed in the country.<a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a> On 4 October, Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Jim Mattis</a> approved a change in rules of engagement as part of the new strategy so that there is no longer a requirement for US troops to be in contact with enemy forces in Afghanistan before opening fire.<a href="#cite_note-380">[378]</a> On 20 November 2017, <a href="/wiki/John_W._Nicholson_Jr." title="John W. Nicholson Jr.">General John Nicholson</a> announced that US aircraft were targeting drug production facilities in Afghanistan under a new strategy aimed at cutting off Taliban funding, saying that the Taliban was "becoming a criminal organization" that was earning about $200 million a year from drug-related activities. President Ashraf Ghani strongly endorsed the new campaign of US and Afghan airstrikes against the Taliban-run narcotic centers.<a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018–2019:_Peace_overtures">2018–2019: Peace overtures</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Afghan_peace_process" title="Afghan peace process">Afghan peace process</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darzab_(2018)" title="Battle of Darzab (2018)">Battle of Darzab (2018)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_offensive" title="Ghazni offensive">Ghazni offensive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2019_Afghan_presidential_election" title="2019 Afghan presidential election">2019 Afghan presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taliban_insurgency_in_Afghanistan_(2015%E2%80%932021).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Taliban_insurgency_in_Afghanistan_%282015%E2%80%932021%29.svg/220px-Taliban_insurgency_in_Afghanistan_%282015%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Taliban_insurgency_in_Afghanistan_%282015%E2%80%932021%29.svg/330px-Taliban_insurgency_in_Afghanistan_%282015%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Taliban_insurgency_in_Afghanistan_%282015%E2%80%932021%29.svg/440px-Taliban_insurgency_in_Afghanistan_%282015%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="1331" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the war as of January 2019 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Under control of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of Afghanistan">Afghan Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resolute_Support_Mission" title="Resolute Support Mission">NATO</a>, and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2015%E2%80%93present)#Allied_militias" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2015–present)">Allies</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Under control of the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Union" title="Islamic Jihad Union">Allies</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Under control of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL) and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Allies</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Under control of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Army">Pakistani Army</a></div> </figcaption></figure> In January 2018, the Taliban were openly active in 70% of the country (being in full control of 14 districts and have an active and open physical presence in a further 263) and the Islamic State was more active in the country than ever before. Following recent attacks by the Taliban (including the <a href="/wiki/Kabul_ambulance_bombing" title="Kabul ambulance bombing">Kabul ambulance bombing</a> on 27 January) and Islamic State that killed scores of civilians, President Trump and Afghan officials decided to rule out any talks with the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-382">[380]</a> However, on 27 February, following an increase in violence, Afghan President <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a> proposed unconditional peace talks with the Taliban, offering them recognition as a legal political party and the release of the Taliban prisoners. The offer was the most favorable to the Taliban since the war started. It was preceded by months of national consensus building, which found that Afghans overwhelmingly supported a negotiated end to the war.<a href="#cite_note-383">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a> Two days earlier, the Taliban had called for talks with the US.<a href="#cite_note-385">[383]</a> On 27 March, a conference of 20 countries in <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, backed the Afghan government's peace offer.<a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a> The Taliban did not publicly respond to the offer.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Following Ghani's offer of unconditional peace talks with the Taliban, a growing peace movement arose in Afghanistan during 2018, particularly following a <a href="/wiki/Peace_march" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace march">peace march</a> by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Peace_Movement_(Afghanistan)" title="People's Peace Movement (Afghanistan)">People's Peace Movement</a>,<a href="#cite_note-TOLO_PPM_blame_foreign-387">[385]</a> which the Afghan media dubbed the "Helmand Peace Convoy."<a href="#cite_note-388">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[387]</a> The marchers walked several hundred kilometers from Lashkar Gah in Helmand Province, through Taliban-held territory,<a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a> to Kabul. There they met Ghani, and held sit-in protests outside the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_in_Afghanistan" title="United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan">United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan</a> and nearby embassies.<a href="#cite_note-391">[389]</a> Their efforts inspired further movements in other parts of Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-392">[390]</a> Following the march, Ghani and the Taliban agreed a mutual, unprecedented, <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> celebrations in June. During the ceasefire, Taliban members flocked into Kabul, where they met and communicated with locals and state security forces. Creating a mood of both hope and fear, many civilians welcomed the Taliban and spoke about peace.<a href="#cite_note-393">[391]</a> Although civilians called for the ceasefire to be made permanent, the Taliban rejected an extension and resumed fighting after the ceasefire ended on 18 June, while the Afghan government's ceasefire ended a week later.<a href="#cite_note-394">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-396">[394]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_National_Guard_(25227527847).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Oklahoma_National_Guard_%2825227527847%29.jpg/220px-Oklahoma_National_Guard_%2825227527847%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Oklahoma_National_Guard_%2825227527847%29.jpg/330px-Oklahoma_National_Guard_%2825227527847%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Oklahoma_National_Guard_%2825227527847%29.jpg/440px-Oklahoma_National_Guard_%2825227527847%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>US, British and Afghan security forces train together in an aerial reaction force exercise at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Qargha" title="Camp Qargha">Camp Qargha</a> in Kabul, 2018</figcaption></figure>American officials had secretly met members of the Taliban's political commission in Qatar in July 2018.<a href="#cite_note-397">[395]</a> In September 2018, Trump appointed <a href="/wiki/Zalmay_Khalilzad" title="Zalmay Khalilzad">Zalmay Khalilzad</a> as special adviser on Afghanistan in the US State Department, with the stated goal of facilitating an intra-Afghan political peace process.<a href="#cite_note-398">[396]</a> Khalilzad led further talks between the US and the Taliban in Qatar in October.<a href="#cite_note-399">[397]</a> Russia hosted a separate peace talk in November between the Taliban and officials from Afghanistan's High Peace Council.<a href="#cite_note-400">[398]</a> The talks in Qatar resumed in December,<a href="#cite_note-401">[399]</a> though the Taliban refused to allow the Afghan government to be invited,<a href="#cite_note-402">[400]</a> considering them a <a href="/wiki/Puppet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet government">puppet government</a> of the US.<a href="#cite_note-BBC1-403">[401]</a> The Taliban spoke with Afghans including former President Karzai at a hotel in Moscow in February 2019, but again these talks did not include the Afghan government.<a href="#cite_note-404">[402]</a> In July 2018 the Taliban carried out the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darzab_(2018)" title="Battle of Darzab (2018)">Darzab offensive</a> and captured Darzab District following the surrender of <a href="/wiki/Daesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Daesh">ISIL-K</a> to the Afghan Government. In August the Taliban launched a series of offensives, the largest being the <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_offensive" title="Ghazni offensive">Ghazni offensive</a>. During the Ghazni offensive, the Taliban seized <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>, Afghanistan's sixth-largest city for several days but eventually retreated.<a href="#cite_note-405">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[404]</a> On 25 January 2019, Ghani said that more than 45,000 members of the Afghan security forces had been killed since he became president in 2014. He also said that there had been fewer than 72 international casualties during the same period.<a href="#cite_note-407">[405]</a> A January 2019 report by the US government estimated that 53.8% of Afghanistan's districts were controlled or influenced by the government, with 33.9% contested and 12.3% under insurgent control or influence.<a href="#cite_note-408">[406]</a> On 30 April 2019, Afghan government forces undertook clearing operations directed against both <a href="/wiki/ISIS-K" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS-K">ISIS-K</a> and the Taliban in eastern Nangarhar Province, after the two groups fought for over a week over a group of villages in an area of illegal <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">talc</a> mining. The National Directorate of Security claimed 22 ISIS-K fighters were killed and two weapons caches destroyed, while the Taliban claimed Afghan forces killed seven civilians.<a href="#cite_note-409">[407]</a> On 28 July, Ghani's running mate <a href="/wiki/Amrullah_Saleh" title="Amrullah Saleh">Amrullah Saleh</a>'s office was attacked by a suicide bomber and a few militants. At least 20 people were killed, and 50 injured; Saleh was among those injured.<a href="#cite_note-410">[408]</a> By August, the Taliban controlled more territory than at any point since 2001.<a href="#cite_note-411">[409]</a> Attempted peace negotiations between the US and the Taliban failed in September.<a href="#cite_note-:10-412">[410]</a> On 25 February 2019, <a href="/wiki/Negotiations_between_the_Taliban_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Negotiations between the Taliban and the United States">peace talks</a> began between the Taliban and the United States in Qatar, with the Taliban co-founder Abdul Ghani Baradar notably present.<a href="#cite_note-BBC1-403">[401]</a> Peace negotiations had resumed in December.<a href="#cite_note-413">[411]</a> This round of talks resulted in a seven-day partial ceasefire which began on 22 February 2020.<a href="#cite_note-414">[412]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020:_US-Taliban_deal,_beginning_of_US_withdrawal">2020: US-Taliban deal, beginning of US withdrawal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" title="United States–Taliban deal">United States–Taliban deal</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_a_Signing_Ceremony_in_Doha_(49601220548).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_a_Signing_Ceremony_in_Doha_%2849601220548%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_a_Signing_Ceremony_in_Doha_%2849601220548%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_a_Signing_Ceremony_in_Doha_%2849601220548%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_a_Signing_Ceremony_in_Doha_%2849601220548%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_a_Signing_Ceremony_in_Doha_%2849601220548%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_a_Signing_Ceremony_in_Doha_%2849601220548%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>US representative <a href="/wiki/Zalmay_Khalilzad" title="Zalmay Khalilzad">Zalmay Khalilzad</a> (left) and Taliban representative <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghani_Baradar" title="Abdul Ghani Baradar">Abdul Ghani Baradar</a> (right) sign the <a href="/wiki/Agreement_for_Bringing_Peace_to_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan">Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan</a> on 29 February 2020</figcaption></figure>On 29 February, 2020, the United States and the Taliban <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" title="United States–Taliban deal">signed a conditional peace deal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, Qatar,<a href="#cite_note-peace-deal-Feb29-415">[413]</a> that called for a prisoner exchange within ten days and was supposed to lead to US troops withdrawal from Afghanistan within 14 months.<a href="#cite_note-proposedwithdrawal-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-stillproposedwithdrawal-416">[414]</a> However, the Afghan government was not a party to the deal, and, in a press conference the next day, President Ghani criticized the deal for being "signed behind closed doors." He said the Afghan government had "made no commitment to free 5,000 Taliban prisoners" and that such an action "is not the United States' authority, but it is the authority of the government of Afghanistan."<a href="#cite_note-417">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-nprreject-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-apreject-419">[417]</a> After signing the agreement with the United States, the Taliban resumed offensive operations against the Afghan army and police on 3 March, conducting attacks in Kunduz and Helmand provinces.<a href="#cite_note-420">[418]</a> On 4 March, the United States retaliated by launching an air strike against Taliban fighters in Helmand.<a href="#cite_note-421">[419]</a> Despite the peace agreement between the US and the Taliban, insurgent attacks against <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Security_Forces" title="Afghan National Security Forces">Afghan security forces</a> were reported to have surged in the country. In the 45 days after the agreement (between 1 March and 15 April), the Taliban conducted more than 4,500 attacks in Afghanistan, which showed an increase of more than 70% as compared to the same period in the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-re1-422">[420]</a> More than 900 Afghan security forces were killed in the period, up from about 520 in the same period a year earlier. Because of a significant reduction in the number of offensives and airstrikes by Afghan and US forces against the Taliban due to the agreement, Taliban casualties dropped to 610 in the period down from about 1,660 in the same period a year earlier.<a href="#cite_note-re1-422">[420]</a> Meanwhile, ISIS-K continued to be a threat on its own, killing 32 people in a <a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">mass shooting</a> in Kabul on 6 March,<a href="#cite_note-B-423">[421]</a> killing 25 <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> worshippers in Kabul on 25 March,<a href="#cite_note-424">[422]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">series of attacks in May</a> most notably killing 16 mothers and newborn babies in Kabul.<a href="#cite_note-425">[423]</a> On the diplomatic front, on 31 March 2020 a three-person Taliban delegation arrived in Kabul to discuss the release of prisoners,<a href="#cite_note-talibantalks-426">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-reutersmarch31-427">[425]</a> the first Taliban representatives to visit Kabul since 2001.<a href="#cite_note-talibantalks-426">[424]</a> On 7 April, the Taliban departed from the prisoner swap talks, which Taliban spokesman <a href="/wiki/Suhail_Shaheen" title="Suhail Shaheen">Suhail Shaheen</a> said was unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-talksfail-428">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-prisonerelease-429">[427]</a> Shaheen also stated in a tweet that hours after walking out of the talks, the Taliban's negotiating team was recalled from Kabul.<a href="#cite_note-prisonerelease-429">[427]</a> The Taliban failed to secure the release of any of the 15 commanders they sought to be released.<a href="#cite_note-talksfail-428">[426]</a> Arguments over which prisoners to swap resulted in a delay of the planned prisoner swap.<a href="#cite_note-talksfail-428">[426]</a> After a long delay due to disputes regarding prisoners' releases, the Afghan government had by August released 5,100 prisoners,<a href="#cite_note-430">[428]</a> and the Taliban had released 1,000.<a href="#cite_note-431">[429]</a> However, the Afghan government refused to release 400 prisoners from the list of those the Taliban wanted to be released, because those 400 were accused of serious crimes.<a href="#cite_note-traditional_council-432">[430]</a> President Ghani stated that he did not have the constitutional authority to release them, so he convened a loya jirga from 7 to 9 August to discuss the issue.<a href="#cite_note-torelease-433">[431]</a> The jirga agreed to free the 400 remaining prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-traditional_council-432">[430]</a> Talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban began in <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> on 12 September.<a href="#cite_note-434">[432]</a> On 22 June, Afghanistan reported its "bloodiest week in 19 years", during which 291 members of the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Defense_and_Security_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan National Defense and Security Forces">Afghan National Defense and Security Forces</a> (ANDSF) were killed and 550 others wounded in 422 attacks carried out by the Taliban. At least 42 civilians, including women and children, were also killed and 105 others wounded.<a href="#cite_note-435">[433]</a> During the week, the Taliban kidnapped 60 civilians in the central province of <a href="/wiki/Daykundi_Province" title="Daykundi Province">Daykundi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-436">[434]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021:_End_of_US_withdrawal,_last_Taliban_offensive">2021: End of US withdrawal, last Taliban offensive</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 Taliban offensive</a></div> The Taliban insurgency <a href="/wiki/List_of_2021_Afghanistan_attacks" title="List of 2021 Afghanistan attacks">intensified considerably</a> in 2021 coinciding with the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">withdrawal of United States and allied troops from Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-disi-437">[435]</a> Since the US withdrawal, the number of casualties of women in the Afghanistan conflict rose by almost 40% in the first quarter of 2021 alone.<a href="#cite_note-438">[436]</a> On March 6, Afghanistan's President Ghani expressed that his government would be taking forward peace talks with the Taliban, discussing with the insurgent group about holding fresh elections and forming a government in a democratic manner.<a href="#cite_note-439">[437]</a> On April 13, the <a href="/wiki/Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden administration">Biden administration</a> announced that it would withdraw its remaining 2,500 troops from Afghanistan by September 11, on the twentieth anniversary of the September 11 attacks.<a href="#cite_note-Time_2021-440">[438]</a> The US government also reiterated support for the Afghan government regarding a possible Taliban military victory.<a href="#cite_note-441">[439]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Taliban_Offensive.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/2021_Taliban_Offensive.png/220px-2021_Taliban_Offensive.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/2021_Taliban_Offensive.png/330px-2021_Taliban_Offensive.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/2021_Taliban_Offensive.png/440px-2021_Taliban_Offensive.png 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="5514" /></a><figcaption>A map of Afghanistan showing the 2021 Taliban offensive</figcaption></figure>The Taliban began <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">its last major offensive</a> on 1 May, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">fall of Kabul</a>, a Taliban victory, and the end of war.<a href="#cite_note-442">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-fastadv1-443">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-jul15-444">[442]</a> In the first three months of the offensive, the Taliban made significant territorial gains in the countryside, increasing the number of <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Afghanistan" title="Districts of Afghanistan">districts</a> it controlled from 73 to 223.<a href="#cite_note-lwjmap-445">[443]</a> On July 5, the Taliban announced their intention to present a written peace plan to the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Government">Afghan Government</a> in August but as of August 13, this had not been done.<a href="#cite_note-446">[444]</a><a href="#cite_note-447">[445]</a> Sources claimed that on August 12, Abdullah Abdullah, the Chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation, handed in a plan titled "exiting the crisis" which was shared with the Taliban; it called for the creation of a "joint government."<a href="#cite_note-448">[446]</a> On August 15, following the Taliban offensive and the fall of the capital Kabul, the Taliban occupied the <a href="/wiki/Arg_(Kabul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arg (Kabul)">Presidential Palace</a> after the incumbent President Ashraf Ghani fled the country to <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-449">[447]</a><a href="#cite_note-CTC_2021-450">[448]</a> NATO forces maintain a presence in Kabul.<a href="#cite_note-CTC_2021-450">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-natoairport-451">[449]</a> The Taliban gained control of various towns throughout June and July. On 6 August, they captured the first provincial capital of <a href="/wiki/Zaranj" title="Zaranj">Zaranj</a>. Over the next ten days, they swept across the country, capturing capital after capital. On 14 August, <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar-i-Sharif</a> was captured as commanders <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rashid_Dostum" title="Abdul Rashid Dostum">Rashid Dostum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atta_Muhammad_Nur" title="Atta Muhammad Nur">Atta Nur</a> fled across the border to Uzbekistan, cutting Kabul's vital northern supply route.<a href="#cite_note-:6-452">[450]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul,_August_2021_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Taliban_Humvee_in_Kabul%2C_August_2021_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1607" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption>Taliban fighters in Kabul, 17 August 2021</figcaption></figure>On 15 August, <a href="/wiki/Jalalabad" title="Jalalabad">Jalalabad</a> fell, cutting the only remaining international route through the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber Pass</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-452">[450]</a> By noon, Taliban forces advanced from the <a href="/wiki/Paghman" title="Paghman">Paghman</a> district reaching the gates of Kabul; Ghani discussed the city's protection with security ministers, while sources claimed a unity peace agreement with the Taliban was imminent. However, Ghani was unable to reach top officials in the interior and defense ministries, and several high-profile politicians had already hurried to the airport. By 2 p.m., the Taliban had entered the city facing no resistance; the president soon fled by helicopter from the Presidential Palace, and within hours Taliban fighters were pictured sitting at Ghani's desk in the palace.<a href="#cite_note-453">[451]</a> With the virtual collapse of the republic, the war was declared over by the Taliban on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-454">[452]</a> As the Taliban seized control, the need to evacuate populations vulnerable to the Taliban, including the interpreters and assistants who had worked with the coalition forces, ethnic minorities, and women, became urgent. For more than two weeks, international diplomatic, military and civilian staff, as well as Afghan civilians, were <a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airlift" title="2021 Kabul airlift">airlifted out the country</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamid Karzai International Airport">Hamid Karzai International Airport</a>. On 16 August Major General Hank Taylor confirmed that US air strikes had ended at least 24 hours earlier and that the focus of the US military at that point was maintaining security at the airport as evacuations continued.<a href="#cite_note-455">[453]</a> The final flight, a US Air Force C-17, departed at 3:29 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">ET</a>, 11:59 p.m. in Kabul time, on 30 August, marking the end of the American campaign in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-456">[454]</a> This marked the end of America's longest war.<a href="#cite_note-NYT300821-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-457">[455]</a><a href="#cite_note-458">[456]</a><a href="#cite_note-459">[457]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Impact of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Impact of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualties_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narang_night_raid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Narang_night_raid.jpg/220px-Narang_night_raid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Narang_night_raid.jpg/330px-Narang_night_raid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Narang_night_raid.jpg/440px-Narang_night_raid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>Victims of the <a href="/wiki/Narang_night_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Narang night raid">Narang night raid</a> that killed at least 10 Afghan civilians, December 2009</figcaption></figure>According to the <a href="/wiki/Costs_of_War_Project" title="Costs of War Project">Costs of War Project</a> at <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>, the war killed 46,319 Afghan civilians in Afghanistan. However, the death toll is possibly higher due to unaccounted deaths by "disease, loss of access to food, water, infrastructure, and/or other indirect consequences of the war."<a href="#cite_note-:2-92">[90]</a> A report titled Body Count put together by <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Social_Responsibility" title="Physicians for Social Responsibility">Physicians for Social Responsibility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Global_Survival" title="Physicians for Global Survival">Physicians for Global Survival</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a> (IPPNW) concluded that 106,000–170,000 civilians have been killed as a result of the fighting in Afghanistan at the hands of all parties to the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-IPPNW-460">[458]</a> The majority of civilian casualties were attributed to anti-government elements each year, though the figure varied from 61% to 80%, with the average hovering around 75% due to the Taliban and other anti-government elements.<a href="#cite_note-UN_casualties-461">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-462">[460]</a><a href="#cite_note-463">[461]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNAMA-464">[462]</a><a href="#cite_note-August2009,_UN-465">[463]</a> The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) started publishing civilian casualty figures in 2008. These figures attribute approximately 41% of civilian casualties to government aligned forces in 2008; this percentage lowers to approximately 18% in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-SSGTW-466">[464]</a> A prospective study of injuries caused by anti-personnel IEDs was reported in <a href="/wiki/BMJ_Open" title="BMJ Open">BMJ Open</a>. It showed the injuries to be far worse with IEDs than with <a href="/wiki/Landmines" class="mw-redirect" title="Landmines">landmines</a>, causing multiple limb <a href="/wiki/Amputation" title="Amputation">amputations</a> and lower body mutilation.<a href="#cite_note-467">[465]</a> In an accompanying <a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">press release</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMJ" class="mw-redirect" title="BMJ">BMJ</a> considered the anti-personnel IED to cause 'superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering'. Use of weapons that cause superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering is considered a war crime.<a href="#cite_note-468">[466]</a> Civilian deaths caused by non-Afghan Coalition forces were low later in the war after most foreign troops were withdrawn and the coalition shifted to airstrikes. For example, in 2015 pro-government forces caused 17% of civilian deaths and injuries – including United States and NATO troops, which were responsible for only 2% of the casualties.<a href="#cite_note-469">[467]</a> 2016 had a similar 2% figure. Civilian deaths were higher as well in the latter part of the war, with 2015 and 2016 both consecutively breaking the record of annual civilian deaths according to the UN.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera_casualties-470">[468]</a> As for the Taliban losses, the movement also suffered heavy losses, more than 80,000 killed.<a href="#cite_note-471">[469]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refugees">Refugees</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Afghan_refugees" title="Afghan refugees">Afghan refugees</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Afghan_National_Civil_Order_Police_officer_hands_out_clothing_donated_by_a_charity_in_New_Jersey_to_children_living_at_a_refugee_camp_in_Kabul,_Afghanistan,_July_28,_2011_110728-F-AK669-291.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/An_Afghan_National_Civil_Order_Police_officer_hands_out_clothing_donated_by_a_charity_in_New_Jersey_to_children_living_at_a_refugee_camp_in_Kabul%2C_Afghanistan%2C_July_28%2C_2011_110728-F-AK669-291.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/An_Afghan_National_Civil_Order_Police_officer_hands_out_clothing_donated_by_a_charity_in_New_Jersey_to_children_living_at_a_refugee_camp_in_Kabul%2C_Afghanistan%2C_July_28%2C_2011_110728-F-AK669-291.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/An_Afghan_National_Civil_Order_Police_officer_hands_out_clothing_donated_by_a_charity_in_New_Jersey_to_children_living_at_a_refugee_camp_in_Kabul%2C_Afghanistan%2C_July_28%2C_2011_110728-F-AK669-291.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Foreign donated clothing being handed out by an Afghan civil officer to children at a refugee camp, 2011</figcaption></figure> Millions of Afghans have been internally displaced or become <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> as a result of decades of conflict in Afghanistan since 1979. From 2002 to 2012, more than 5.7 million former refugees returned to Afghanistan, increasing the country's population by 25%.<a href="#cite_note-unhcr1-472">[470]</a><a href="#cite_note-473">[471]</a> 2.6 million Afghans remained refugees in 2021 when the Taliban took over,<a href="#cite_note-bbc2021-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-unhcr-474">[472]</a> while another 4 million were <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2021-94">[92]</a> Following the Taliban takeover, over 122,000 people were airlifted abroad from Kabul airport, during the <a href="/wiki/2021_evacuation_from_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 evacuation from Afghanistan">evacuation from Afghanistan</a>, including Afghans, American citizens, and other foreign citizens.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-withdrawal-475">[473]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_crimes">War crimes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_Afghanistan" title="War crimes in Afghanistan">War crimes in Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Afghanistan" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan">International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gul_Mudin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gul_Mudin.jpg/220px-Gul_Mudin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gul_Mudin.jpg/330px-Gul_Mudin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gul_Mudin.jpg/440px-Gul_Mudin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Afghan boy murdered on 15 January 2010 by a group of US Army soldiers called the <a href="/wiki/Maywand_District_murders" title="Maywand District murders">Kill Team</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">War crimes</a> have been committed by both sides including civilian massacres, bombings of civilian targets, terrorism, use of <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> and the murder of <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a>. Additional common crimes include theft, arson, and destruction of property not warranted by <a href="/wiki/Military_necessity" title="Military necessity">military necessity</a>. The Taliban committed war crimes during the war including massacres, suicide bombing, anti-personnel IED use, terrorism, and targeting civilians (such as using <a href="/wiki/Human_shield" title="Human shield">human shields</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Tolonews-476">[474]</a><a href="#cite_note-477">[475]</a> In 2011, The New York Times reported that the Taliban was responsible for <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>3⁄4 of all civilian deaths in the War in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-478">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kegley-479">[477]</a> United Nations reports have consistently blamed the Taliban and other anti-government forces for the majority of civilian deaths in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera_casualties-470">[468]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_casualties-461">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNAMA_AF_civilians_midyear2021-480">[478]</a> Other crimes include mass rape and executing surrendered soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-:3-481">[479]</a><a href="#cite_note-482">[480]</a> War crimes committed by the Coalition, Afghan security forces, and Northern Alliance included massacres, prisoner mistreatment, and killings of civilians. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> accused the Pentagon of covering up evidence related to war crimes, torture and unlawful killings in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-483">[481]</a> Notable incidents include the <a href="/wiki/Dasht-i-Leili_massacre" title="Dasht-i-Leili massacre">Dasht-i-Leili massacre</a>,<a href="#cite_note-484">[482]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bagram_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Bagram torture and prisoner abuse">Bagram torture and prisoner abuse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-485">[483]</a> Kandahar massacre,<a href="#cite_note-486">[484]</a> among others. In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Afghanistan" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan">International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan</a> formally commenced, investigating war crimes and <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> committed by all parties in Afghanistan since 1 May 2013.<a href="#cite_note-AJE_ICC_Afghan_reopened-487">[485]</a> On 22 March 2023, the British government launched <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Unlawful_Killings_inquiry" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Unlawful Killings inquiry">a public inquiry</a> to investigate reports of alleged unlawful killings by <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Special_Forces" title="United Kingdom Special Forces">UKSF</a> personnel during the War in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-:22-488">[486]</a> Judge <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haddon-Cave" title="Charles Haddon-Cave">Charles Haddon-Cave</a> chairs the public inquiry.<a href="#cite_note-:02-489">[487]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_trade">Drug trade</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Opium_production_in_Afghanistan" title="Opium production in Afghanistan">Opium production in Afghanistan</a></div> In 2000, Afghanistan accounted for an estimated 75% of the world's opium supply,<a href="#cite_note-Thourni-490">[488]</a> which was the Taliban's largest source of revenue through taxes on opium exports.<a href="#cite_note-Chouvy1-491">[489]</a> Mullah Omar banned opium cultivation in 2001,<a href="#cite_note-Lyman-492">[490]</a> which observers said was an attempt to gain <a href="/wiki/International_recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="International recognition">international recognition</a>, raise opium prices and increase profit from the sale of large existing stockpiles.<a href="#cite_note-Chouvy1-491">[489]</a> Opium production increased in the years following the October 2001 invasion, with Afghanistan producing 90% of the world's opium by 2005.<a href="#cite_note-www_csmonitor_com23-493">[491]</a> According to a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Special_Inspector_General_for_Afghanistan_Reconstruction" title="Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction">SIGAR</a> report, the US had spent $8.6 billion since 2002 to stop Afghanistan's drug trade. A May 2021 SIGAR report estimated that the Taliban earned 60% of their revenue from the trade, while UN officials estimated more than $400 million was earned by the Taliban between 2018 and 2019, however other experts estimated that the Taliban earned at most $40 million annually.<a href="#cite_note-494">[492]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NATO's_inability_to_stabilize_Afghanistan">NATO's inability to stabilize Afghanistan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Afghan_Armed_Forces_(2002%E2%80%932021)" title="History of the Afghan Armed Forces (2002–2021)">History of the Afghan Armed Forces (2002–2021)</a></div> Observers have argued that the mission in Afghanistan was hampered by a lack of agreement on objectives, a lack of resources, lack of coordination, too much focus on the central government at the expense of local and provincial governments, and too much focus on the country instead of the region.<a href="#cite_note-495">[493]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment_and_drug_trade">Environment and drug trade</h3></div> According to Cara Korte, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> played a significant role in increasing instability in Afghanistan and strengthening the Taliban. More than 60% of the Afghan population depend on agriculture and Afghanistan is the sixth most vulnerable country to climate change in the world according to the United Nations Environment Program and Afghanistan's National Environmental Protection Agency. The Taliban used resentment over government inaction to climate change-induced drought and flooding to strengthen its support and Afghans were able to earn more money supporting the Taliban than from farming.<a href="#cite_note-496">[494]</a> Despite efforts to eradicate poppy, Afghanistan remained the world's largest producer of illicit opiate by the end of the war. The Taliban profited at least tens of millions of dollars from opium and heroin annually as of 2018.<a href="#cite_note-auto-497">[495]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_mistakes_and_the_US's_other_war">Early mistakes and the US's other war</h3></div> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Jason_Burke" title="Jason Burke">Jason Burke</a> notes "strategic mistakes by the US and allies in the immediate aftermath of the 2001 invasion" as being a reason why the war went on for so long. He also noted "missed early opportunities" to "construct a stable political settlement."<a href="#cite_note-498">[496]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Steve Coll</a> believes that "No small part of N.A.T.O.'s ultimate failure to stabilize Afghanistan flowed from the disastrous decision by George W. Bush to invade Iraq in 2003. ... The Taliban's comeback, America's initial inattention to it, and the attraction for some Afghans and Pakistanis of the Taliban's ideology of national resistance under Islamic principles—all these sources of failure cannot be understood in isolation from the Iraq war." Coll further notes that neither the Bush nor the Obama administrations achieved consensus on key questions such as the relative importance of nation-building versus counterterrorism, whether the stability of Afghanistan took priority over that of Pakistan, or the role of the drug trade, although "the failure to solve the riddle of ISI and to stop its covert interference in Afghanistan became ... the greatest strategic failure of the American war."<a href="#cite_note-499">[497]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_corruption_and_politics">Domestic corruption and politics</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama,_Hamid_Karzai_%26_Asif_Ali_Zardari_after_trilateral_meeting_5-6-09_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Barack_Obama%2C_Hamid_Karzai_%26_Asif_Ali_Zardari_after_trilateral_meeting_5-6-09_2.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama%2C_Hamid_Karzai_%26_Asif_Ali_Zardari_after_trilateral_meeting_5-6-09_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Barack_Obama%2C_Hamid_Karzai_%26_Asif_Ali_Zardari_after_trilateral_meeting_5-6-09_2.jpg/330px-Barack_Obama%2C_Hamid_Karzai_%26_Asif_Ali_Zardari_after_trilateral_meeting_5-6-09_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Barack_Obama%2C_Hamid_Karzai_%26_Asif_Ali_Zardari_after_trilateral_meeting_5-6-09_2.jpg/440px-Barack_Obama%2C_Hamid_Karzai_%26_Asif_Ali_Zardari_after_trilateral_meeting_5-6-09_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Presidents Hamid Karzai and Barack Obama in 2009</figcaption></figure> In 2009, Afghanistan was ranked as the world's second most-corrupt country.<a href="#cite_note-500">[498]</a> A lengthy report by SIGAR, and other findings, found that spiraling corruption in Afghanistan during the 2000s was not halted by the United States. During this time, many elite figures in the country had effectively become kleptocrats, while ordinary Afghans were struggling.<a href="#cite_note-auto-497">[495]</a> It has been argued that the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">monarchy in Afghanistan</a> should not have been vetoed, as this may have provided stability to the country.<a href="#cite_note-501">[499]</a><a href="#cite_note-502">[500]</a><a href="#cite_note-503">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-504">[502]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_of_non-NATO_actors">Influence of non-NATO actors</h3></div> Pakistan played a central role in the conflict. A 2010 report published by the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> says that Pakistan's ISI has an "official policy" of support to the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-Discussion_Papers-505">[503]</a> "Pakistan appears to be playing a double-game of astonishing magnitude", the report states.<a href="#cite_note-Discussion_Papers-505">[503]</a> Regarding the Afghan War documents leak, Der Spiegel wrote that "the documents clearly show that the Pakistani intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence (usually known as the ISI) is the most important accomplice the Taliban has outside of Afghanistan."<a href="#cite_note-spigel-war-logs-506">[504]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amrullah_Saleh" title="Amrullah Saleh">Amrullah Saleh</a>, former director of Afghanistan's intelligence service, stated, "We talk about all these proxies [Taliban, Haqqanis] but not the master of proxies, which is the Pakistan army. The question is what does Pakistan's army want to achieve ...? They want to gain influence in the region."<a href="#cite_note-Jamestown_Foundation_Terrorism_Conference_2010-507">[505]</a> Pakistan's role can be traced back to the Soviet war in which they funded the Mujahideen against the Soviets. Pakistan's objective then as it is now is to ensure that Afghanistan has a regime friendly to their interests and will provide "geopolitical depth in any future conflict with India."<a href="#cite_note-508">[506]</a> Iran also sought to influence the war. During the course of the war, the US took out two of Iran's regional enemies: <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> through the Iraq War as well as the Taliban. Saudi Arabia and Pakistan are other 'dominant players' that influenced the war. Iran and the Taliban formed ties, with Russian assistance as well, to 'bleed' the American force. Iran and Russia, emboldened by their alliance in the Syrian Civil War, initiated a 'proxy war' in Afghanistan against the US. The Taliban received economic support from Dubai, United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. Pakistan has given economic support and encouraged increased Iran-Taliban ties.<a href="#cite_note-509">[507]</a> China has been quietly expanding its influence. Since 2010 China has signed mining contracts with Kabul<a href="#cite_note-:7-510">[508]</a> and is building a military base in <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakshan</a> to counter regional terrorism (from the <a href="/wiki/East_turkestan_independence_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="East turkestan independence movement">ETIM</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:8-511">[509]</a> China has donated billions of dollars in aid over the years to Afghanistan, which plays a strategic role in the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-511">[509]</a> Additionally, after 2011 Pakistan expanded its <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="China–Pakistan relations">economic and military ties to China</a> as a hedge against dependency on the US. Coll observes that "Overall, the war left China with considerable latitude in Central Asia, without having made any expenditure of blood, treasure, or reputation."<a href="#cite_note-512">[510]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_public_misleading">American public misleading</h3></div> In December 2019 <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> published 2,000 pages of government documents, mostly transcripts of interviews with more than 400 key figures involved in prosecuting the Afghanistan war. According to the Post and The Guardian, the documents (dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Papers" title="Afghanistan Papers">Afghanistan Papers</a>) showed that US officials consistently and deliberately misled the American public about the unwinnable nature of the conflict,<a href="#cite_note-guardianafghanpapers-513">[511]</a> and some commentators and foreign policy experts subsequently drew comparisons to the release of the Pentagon Papers.<a href="#cite_note-guardianafghanpapers-513">[511]</a><a href="#cite_note-514">[512]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_support_for_the_Taliban">Foreign support for the Taliban</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3></div> The Taliban's victory was facilitated in support from Pakistan. Although Pakistan was a major US ally before and after the <a href="/wiki/2001_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 invasion of Afghanistan">2001 invasion of Afghanistan</a>, elements of the Pakistan government (including the military and intelligence services) have for decades maintained strong logistical and tactical ties with Taliban militants, and this support helped support the insurgency in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoPak-515">[513]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTPak-516">[514]</a> For example, the Haqqani Network, a Taliban affiliate based on Pakistan, had strong support from Inter-Services Intelligence, the Pakistan intelligence agency.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoPak-515">[513]</a> Taliban leaders found a safe haven in Pakistan, lived in the country, transacted business and earned funds there, and received medical treatment there.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoPak-515">[513]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTPak-516">[514]</a> Some elements of the Pakistani establishment sympathized with Taliban ideology, and many Pakistan officials considered the Taliban as an asset <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">against India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoPak-515">[513]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTPak-516">[514]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Riedel" title="Bruce Riedel">Bruce Riedel</a> noted that "The Pakistan Army believes Afghanistan provides <a href="/wiki/Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">strategic depth</a> against India, which is their obsession."<a href="#cite_note-NYTPak-516">[514]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia_and_Iran">Russia and Iran</h3></div> In the initial aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, Iranian forces, led by Revolutionary Guard Commander <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qassem Suleimani</a> initially cooperated, secretly, with American officials against Al-Qaeda operatives and the Taliban, but that cooperation ended after the <a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of Evil Speech</a> on January 29, 2002, which included calling Iran a major state sponsor of terror and threat to peace in the region. Afterwards, Iranian forces became increasingly hostile to American forces in the region.<a href="#cite_note-:1-145">[143]</a> Antonio Giustozzi, a senior research fellow at <a href="/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute" title="Royal United Services Institute">Royal United Services Institute</a> on terrorism and conflict, wrote, "Both the Russians and the Iranians helped the Taliban advance at a breakneck pace in May–August 2021. They contributed to funding and equipping them, but perhaps even more importantly they helped them by brokering deals with parties, groups, and personalities close to either country, or even both. [...] The Revolutionary Guards helped the Taliban's advance in western Afghanistan, including by lobbying various strongmen and militia commanders linked to Iran not to resist the Taliban."<a href="#cite_note-517">[515]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Afghanistan_War_(2001%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactions to the Afghanistan War (2001–2021)">Reactions to the Afghanistan War (2001–2021)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_reactions">Domestic reactions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_111120-M-KG816-186_-_U.S._Marine_Corps_Lance_Cpl._Todd_Collins_interacts_with_Afghan_children_near_Patrol_Base_Atull_in_Helmand_province_Afghanistan_on_Nov._20_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Defense.gov_News_Photo_111120-M-KG816-186_-_U.S._Marine_Corps_Lance_Cpl._Todd_Collins_interacts_with_Afghan_children_near_Patrol_Base_Atull_in_Helmand_province_Afghanistan_on_Nov._20_2011.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Defense.gov_News_Photo_111120-M-KG816-186_-_U.S._Marine_Corps_Lance_Cpl._Todd_Collins_interacts_with_Afghan_children_near_Patrol_Base_Atull_in_Helmand_province_Afghanistan_on_Nov._20_2011.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Defense.gov_News_Photo_111120-M-KG816-186_-_U.S._Marine_Corps_Lance_Cpl._Todd_Collins_interacts_with_Afghan_children_near_Patrol_Base_Atull_in_Helmand_province_Afghanistan_on_Nov._20_2011.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>A US marine interacting with Afghan children in Helmand Province</figcaption></figure> In November 2001, the CNN reported widespread relief amongst Kabul's residents after the Taliban fled the city, with young men shaving off their beards and women taking off their burqas.<a href="#cite_note-518">[516]</a> Later that month the BBC's longtime Kabul correspondent Kate Clark reported that "almost all women in Kabul are still choosing to veil" but that many felt hopeful that the ousting of the Taliban would improve their safety and access to food.<a href="#cite_note-519">[517]</a> A 2006 WPO opinion poll found that the majority of Afghans endorsed America's military presence, with 83% of Afghans stating that they had a favorable view of the US military forces in their country. Only 17% gave an unfavorable view. 82% of Afghans, among all ethnic groups including Pashtuns, stated that the overthrowing of the Taliban was a good thing. However, the majority of Afghans held negative views on Pakistan and most Afghans also stated that they believe that the Pakistani government was allowing the Taliban to operate from its soil.<a href="#cite_note-520">[518]</a> A 2015 survey by Langer Research Associates found that 80% of Afghans held the view that it was a good thing for the United States to overthrow the Taliban in 2001. More Afghans blamed the Taliban or al-Qaeda for the country's violence (53%) than those who blame the US (12%).<a href="#cite_note-521">[519]</a> A 2019 survey by <a href="/wiki/The_Asia_Foundation" title="The Asia Foundation">The Asia Foundation</a> found that 13.4% of Afghans had sympathy for the Taliban while 85.1% of respondents had no sympathy for the group. 88.6% of urban residents had no sympathy compared to 83.9% of rural residents.<a href="#cite_note-522">[520]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_public_opinion">International public opinion</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:June_22,_2007_protest_in_Quebec_City_against_Canada%27s_involvement_in_the_Afghan_war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/June_22%2C_2007_protest_in_Quebec_City_against_Canada%27s_involvement_in_the_Afghan_war.jpg/220px-June_22%2C_2007_protest_in_Quebec_City_against_Canada%27s_involvement_in_the_Afghan_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/June_22%2C_2007_protest_in_Quebec_City_against_Canada%27s_involvement_in_the_Afghan_war.jpg/330px-June_22%2C_2007_protest_in_Quebec_City_against_Canada%27s_involvement_in_the_Afghan_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/June_22%2C_2007_protest_in_Quebec_City_against_Canada%27s_involvement_in_the_Afghan_war.jpg/440px-June_22%2C_2007_protest_in_Quebec_City_against_Canada%27s_involvement_in_the_Afghan_war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>22 June 2007 demonstration in Québec City against the Canadian military involvement in Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_public_opinion_on_the_war_in_Afghanistan" title="International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan">International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan</a></div> In October 2001 when the invasion began, polls indicated that about 88% of Americans and about 65% of Britons backed military action.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAEI2008-523">[521]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Ipsos-Reid" title="Ipsos-Reid">Ipsos-Reid</a> poll conducted between November and December 2001 showed that majorities in Canada (66%), France (60%), Germany (60%), Italy (58%), and the UK (65%) approved of US airstrikes while majorities in Argentina (77%), China (52%), South Korea (50%), Spain (52%), and Turkey (70%) opposed them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAEI2008157-524">[522]</a> In 2008 there was a strong opposition to the War in Afghanistan in 21 of 24 countries surveyed. Only in the US and Great Britain did half the people support the war, with a larger percentage (60%) in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-24-Nation_Pew_Global_Attitudes_Project_Survey-525">[523]</a> Of the seven NATO countries in the survey, not one showed a majority in favor of keeping NATO troops in Afghanistan – one, the US, came close to a majority (50%). Of the other six NATO countries, five had majorities of their population wanting NATO troops removed from Afghanistan as soon as possible.<a href="#cite_note-24-Nation_Pew_Global_Attitudes_Project_Survey-525">[523]</a> An April 2011 Pew Research Center poll showed little change in American views, with about 50% saying that the effort was going very well or fairly well and only 44% supporting NATO troop presence in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-526">[524]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests,_demonstrations_and_rallies">Protests, demonstrations and rallies</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_war_in_Afghanistan" title="Protests against the war in Afghanistan">Protests against the war in Afghanistan</a></div> The war was the subject of <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests against the invasion of Afghanistan">large protests around the world</a>, starting with the large-scale demonstrations in the days leading up to the invasion and every year since. Many protesters considered the bombing and invasion of Afghanistan to be unjustified aggression.<a href="#cite_note-527">[525]</a> Dozens of organizations held a national march for peace in Washington, D.C., on 20 March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-528">[526]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Afghanistan_War_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Aftermath of the Afghanistan War (2001–2021)">Aftermath of the Afghanistan War (2001–2021)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_of_the_Taliban_government_and_international_recognition">Formation of the Taliban government and international recognition</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_decrees_by_Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="List of decrees by Hibatullah Akhundzada">List of decrees by Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daily_Life_in_Afghanistan%27s_Capital_30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Daily_Life_in_Afghanistan%27s_Capital_30.jpg/220px-Daily_Life_in_Afghanistan%27s_Capital_30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Daily_Life_in_Afghanistan%27s_Capital_30.jpg/330px-Daily_Life_in_Afghanistan%27s_Capital_30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Daily_Life_in_Afghanistan%27s_Capital_30.jpg/440px-Daily_Life_in_Afghanistan%27s_Capital_30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Taliban fighters at a market in Kabul, September 2021. A vendor selling Islamic Emirate flags can be seen.</figcaption></figure> On 7 September 2021, an interim government headed by <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hassan_Akhund" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Hassan Akhund">Mohammad Hassan Akhund</a> as Prime Minister was declared by the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-529">[527]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republican_insurgency">Republican insurgency</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency in Afghanistan</a></div> On 17 August 2021, Vice President Saleh, citing provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Afghanistan">Constitution of Afghanistan</a>, declared himself President of Afghanistan from a base of operations in the Panjshir Valley, which had not been taken by Taliban forces, and vowed to continue military operations against the Taliban from there.<a href="#cite_note-tribaug-530">[528]</a> His claim to the presidency was endorsed by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Massoud" title="Ahmad Massoud">Ahmad Massoud</a> and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Afghanistan)" title="Ministry of Defense (Afghanistan)">Minister of Defence</a> <a href="/wiki/Bismillah_Khan_Mohammadi" title="Bismillah Khan Mohammadi">Bismillah Khan Mohammadi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tribaug-530">[528]</a> By 6 September the Taliban had regained control over most of the valley, but armed resistance continued in the upper valleys. Clashes in the valley mostly ceased by mid-September.<a href="#cite_note-531">[529]</a> The leaders of the resistance, Saleh and Massoud reportedly fled to neighboring Tajikistan in late September.<a href="#cite_note-532">[530]</a> However, fighting between Taliban and pro-republican forces continued in other provinces. Several regions had become the site of a guerrilla campaign by early 2022.<a href="#cite_note-533">[531]</a> The NRF launched an offensive in May 2022, reportedly retaking territory in Panjshir.<a href="#cite_note-534">[532]</a> Other pro-republican rebel groups also emerged, including the "Ahmad Khan Samangani Front",<a href="#cite_note-535">[533]</a> "Afghan Freedom Front",<a href="#cite_note-536">[534]</a> "Afghanistan Islamic National & Liberation Movement", and several smaller factions.<a href="#cite_note-537">[535]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_State_activity">Islamic State activity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a></div> Following the <a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">2021 Kabul airport attack</a> conducted by the terrorist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (a branch of the <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a>), the US said it could work with the Taliban to fight against the ISIS terrorists as part of the <a href="/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="International military intervention against ISIL">International military intervention against ISIL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-538">[536]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abandonment_of_Afghan_allies">Abandonment of Afghan allies</h3></div> As many as 150,000 Afghans who assisted the United States remained in Afghanistan, including individuals who worked closely with US military forces.<a href="#cite_note-539">[537]</a> Hundreds of former Afghan special forces who fought alongside British troops in Afghanistan have been barred from resettling in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-540">[538]</a><a href="#cite_note-541">[539]</a> One former UK Special Forces officer told the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> that "At a time when certain actions by UK Special Forces are under investigation by a <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Unlawful_Killings_inquiry" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Unlawful Killings inquiry">public inquiry</a>, their headquarters also had the power to prevent former Afghan Special Forces colleagues and potential witnesses to these actions from getting safely to the UK."<a href="#cite_note-542">[540]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanitarian_crisis">Humanitarian crisis</h3></div> Following the Taliban takeover, western nations suspended humanitarian aid and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> also halted payments to Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-543">[541]</a><a href="#cite_note-hrw-famine-544">[542]</a> The Biden administration froze about $9 billion in assets belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Da_Afghanistan_Bank" title="Da Afghanistan Bank">Afghan central banks</a>, blocking the Taliban from accessing billions of dollars held in US bank accounts.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-crisis-545">[543]</a> In October 2021, the UN stated that more than half of Afghanistan's 39 million people faced an acute food shortage.<a href="#cite_note-546">[544]</a> On 11 November 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported that Afghanistan is facing widespread <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> due to collapsed economy and broken banking system.<a href="#cite_note-hrw-famine-544">[542]</a> World leaders pledged $1.2 billion in humanitarian aid to Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-crisis-545">[543]</a> On 22 December 2021, The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> unanimously adopted a US-proposed resolution to help humanitarian aid reach desperate Afghans, while seeking to keep funds out of Taliban hands.<a href="#cite_note-547">[545]</a> On 29 August 2022, U.N. humanitarian chief, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Griffiths" title="Martin Griffiths">Martin Griffiths</a>, warned about Afghanistan's deepening poverty with 6 million people at risk of famine. He stated that conflict, poverty, climate shocks and food insecurity "have long been a sad reality" in Afghanistan, but almost a year after the Taliban takeover, halt to large-scale development aid have made the situation critical.<a href="#cite_note-548">[546]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/25px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/37px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/50px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="275" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Modern_history" title="Portal:Modern history">Modern history portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="List of military operations in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">List of military operations in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan" title="List of aviation accidents and incidents in the war in Afghanistan">List of aviation accidents and incidents in the war in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_government_response_to_the_September_11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="US government response to the September 11 attacks">US government response to the September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Afghanistan–United States relations">Afghanistan–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Papers" title="Afghanistan Papers">Afghanistan Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_War_documents_leak" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan War documents leak">Afghan War documents leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_logistics_in_the_Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO logistics in the Afghan War">NATO logistics in the Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US%E2%80%93Afghanistan_Strategic_Partnership_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="US–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement">US–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Reconstruction_Team" title="Provincial Reconstruction Team">Provincial Reconstruction Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Resistance_Front_of_Afghanistan" title="National Resistance Front of Afghanistan">National Resistance Front of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">List of conflicts in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Afghanistan_War_(2001%E2%80%932021)_documentaries" title="List of Afghanistan War (2001–2021) documentaries">List of Afghanistan War (2001–2021) documentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_War_in_Afghanistan:_A_History" title="The American War in Afghanistan: A History">The American War in Afghanistan: A History</a> nonfiction book by <a href="/wiki/Carter_Malkasian" title="Carter Malkasian">Carter Malkasian</a> 2021.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_war_in_Afghanistan" title="Environmental impacts of war in Afghanistan">Environmental impacts of war in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Bordering areas of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> were also affected (<a href="/wiki/War_in_North-West_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="War in North-West Pakistan">War in North-West Pakistan</a>), and was considered for some time to be a single theater of operations by the United States (<a href="/wiki/AfPak" title="AfPak">AfPak</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Per figures released by <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Canadian Department of National Defence</a> in June 2013, 635 were listed as WIA (Wounded in Action) while 1,436 were listed as NBI (Non battle injuries)<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fast_facts-1"><a href="#cite_ref-fast_facts_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 29 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Obama+to+leave+9%2C800+US+troops+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft.aulast=DeYoung&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fobama-to-leave-9800-us-troops-in-afghanistan-senior-official-says%2F2014%2F05%2F27%2F57f37e72-e5b2-11e3-a86b-362fd5443d19_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/afghan-taliban-cool-ghani-peace-offer-while-20-countries-kabul-process-support-it/29069945.html">"Afghan Taliban Cool To Ghani Peace Offer While UN, 20 Countries Support It"</a>. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911003757/https://www.rferl.org/a/afghan-taliban-cool-ghani-peace-offer-while-20-countries-kabul-process-support-it/29069945.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RadioFreeEurope%2FRadioLiberty&rft.atitle=Afghan+Taliban+Cool+To+Ghani+Peace+Offer+While+UN%2C+20+Countries+Support+It&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fafghan-taliban-cool-ghani-peace-offer-while-20-countries-kabul-process-support-it%2F29069945.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-86"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerMadhani2021" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Zeke; Madhani, Aamer (8 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-afghanistan-government-and-politics-86f939c746c7bc56bb9f11f095a95366">"'Overdue': Biden sets Aug. 31 for US exit from Afghanistan"</a>. AP NEWS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708195329/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-afghanistan-government-and-politics-86f939c746c7bc56bb9f11f095a95366">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=%27Overdue%27%3A+Biden+sets+Aug.+31+for+US+exit+from+Afghanistan&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Zeke&rft.au=Madhani%2C+Aamer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fjoe-biden-afghanistan-government-and-politics-86f939c746c7bc56bb9f11f095a95366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-proposedwithdrawal-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-proposedwithdrawal_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-proposedwithdrawal_87-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDadouchGeorgeLamothe2020" class="citation news cs1">Dadouch, Sarah; George, Susannah; Lamothe, Dan (29 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/afghanistan-us-taliban-peace-deal-signing/2020/02/29/b952fb04-5a67-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html">"U.S. signs peace deal with Taliban agreeing to full withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301051555/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/afghanistan-us-taliban-peace-deal-signing/2020/02/29/b952fb04-5a67-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+signs+peace+deal+with+Taliban+agreeing+to+full+withdrawal+of+American+troops+from+Afghanistan&rft.date=2020-02-29&rft.aulast=Dadouch&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=George%2C+Susannah&rft.au=Lamothe%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fasia_pacific%2Fafghanistan-us-taliban-peace-deal-signing%2F2020%2F02%2F29%2Fb952fb04-5a67-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nprreject-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nprreject_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nprreject_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuknecht2020" class="citation news cs1">Schuknecht, Cat (1 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/03/01/810949474/afghan-president-rejects-timeline-for-prisoner-swap-proposed-in-us-taliban-peace">"Afghan President Rejects Timeline For Prisoner Swap Proposed In US-Taliban Peace Deal"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411202634/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/01/810949474/afghan-president-rejects-timeline-for-prisoner-swap-proposed-in-us-taliban-peace">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Afghan+President+Rejects+Timeline+For+Prisoner+Swap+Proposed+In+US-Taliban+Peace+Deal&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft.aulast=Schuknecht&rft.aufirst=Cat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F03%2F01%2F810949474%2Fafghan-president-rejects-timeline-for-prisoner-swap-proposed-in-us-taliban-peace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-ghani-relinquishes-power-taliban-form-interim-govt">"Afghan President Ghani relinquishes power, Taliban form interim gov't"</a>. Daily Sabah. 30 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210903220315/https://www.dailysabah.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-ghani-relinquishes-power-taliban-form-interim-govt">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=Afghan+President+Ghani+relinquishes+power%2C+Taliban+form+interim+gov%27t&rft.date=2021-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fafghan-president-ghani-relinquishes-power-taliban-form-interim-govt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-90"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/08/16/remarks-by-president-biden-on-afghanistan/">"Remarks by President Biden on Afghanistan"</a>. The White House. 16 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817015826/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/08/16/remarks-by-president-biden-on-afghanistan/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=Remarks+by+President+Biden+on+Afghanistan&rft.date=2021-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Fspeeches-remarks%2F2021%2F08%2F16%2Fremarks-by-president-biden-on-afghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT300821-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT300821_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT300821_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons-NeffKatzenberg2021" class="citation news cs1">Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Katzenberg, Lauren (30 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/08/30/world/afghanistan-news">"The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917233613/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/08/30/world/afghanistan-news">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+military+finishes+its+evacuation%2C+and+an+era+ends+in+Afghanistan.&rft.date=2021-08-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gibbons-Neff&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Katzenberg%2C+Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flive%2F2021%2F08%2F30%2Fworld%2Fafghanistan-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2021/human-and-budgetary-costs-date-us-war-afghanistan-2001-2022">"Human and Budgetary Costs to Date of the U.S. War in Afghanistan, 2001–2022 | Figures | Costs of War"</a>. The Costs of War. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906010357/https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2021/human-and-budgetary-costs-date-us-war-afghanistan-2001-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Costs+of+War&rft.atitle=Human+and+Budgetary+Costs+to+Date+of+the+U.S.+War+in+Afghanistan%2C+2001%E2%80%932022+%7C+Figures+%7C+Costs+of+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatson.brown.edu%2Fcostsofwar%2Ffigures%2F2021%2Fhuman-and-budgetary-costs-date-us-war-afghanistan-2001-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Afghan Refugees, Costs of War, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130310001659/http://costsofwar.org/article/afghan-refugees">"Afghan Refugees | Costs of War"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://costsofwar.org/article/afghan-refugees">the original</a> on 10 March 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghan+Refugees+%26%23124%3B+Costs+of+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcostsofwar.org%2Farticle%2Fafghan-refugees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988">, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc2021-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2021_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2021_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2021_94-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-57767067">"In numbers: Life in Afghanistan after America leaves"</a>. BBC News. 13 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210823133602/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-57767067">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=In+numbers%3A+Life+in+Afghanistan+after+America+leaves&rft.date=2021-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-57767067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan">"US War in Afghanistan: 1999–2021"</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227122228/https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+War+in+Afghanistan%3A+1999%E2%80%932021&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Ftimeline%2Fus-war-afghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221233410/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/33210358/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/t/us-war-afghanistan/#.VOj0EHzF-8A">"US War in Afghanistan"</a>. NBC News. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/33210358/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/t/us-war-afghanistan/#.VOj0EHzF-8A">the original</a> on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=US+War+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F33210358%2Fns%2Fworld_news-south_and_central_asia%2Ft%2Fus-war-afghanistan%2F%23.VOj0EHzF-8A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamothe2015" class="citation news cs1">Lamothe, Dan (6 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/01/06/this-new-graphic-shows-the-state-of-the-u-s-war-in-afghanistan/">"This new graphic shows the state of the US war in Afghanistan"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110133525/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/01/06/this-new-graphic-shows-the-state-of-the-u-s-war-in-afghanistan/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=This+new+graphic+shows+the+state+of+the+US+war+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.aulast=Lamothe&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcheckpoint%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F06%2Fthis-new-graphic-shows-the-state-of-the-u-s-war-in-afghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_CoxDoug_Stokes2012" class="citation book cs1">Michael Cox; Doug Stokes (9 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9nGmUJ9HwwgC&pg=PA140">US Foreign Policy</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958581-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958581-6"><bdi>978-0-19-958581-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125144442/https://books.google.com/books?id=9nGmUJ9HwwgC&pg=PA140">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=US+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-02-09&rft.isbn=978-0-19-958581-6&rft.au=Michael+Cox&rft.au=Doug+Stokes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9nGmUJ9HwwgC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_M._Cassidy_()2004" class="citation book cs1">Robert M. Cassidy () (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wEvUeAAXjHQC&pg=PA243">Peacekeeping in the Abyss: British and American Peacekeeping Doctrine and Practice After the Cold War</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97696-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97696-5"><bdi>978-0-275-97696-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125144442/https://books.google.com/books?id=wEvUeAAXjHQC&pg=PA243">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peacekeeping+in+the+Abyss%3A+British+and+American+Peacekeeping+Doctrine+and+Practice+After+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97696-5&rft.au=Robert+M.+Cassidy+%28%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwEvUeAAXjHQC%26pg%3DPA243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Auer_&_Said2-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Auer_&_Said2_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_P._AuerswaldStephen_M._Saideman2014" class="citation book cs1">David P. Auerswald; Stephen M. Saideman (5 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XXtAAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA87">NATO in Afghanistan: Fighting Together, Fighting Alone</a>. Princeton University Press. pp. 87–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4867-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4867-6"><bdi>978-1-4008-4867-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125144442/https://books.google.com/books?id=XXtAAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA87">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2016. 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Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Parliament+House&rft.atitle=Background+to+the+Afghanistan+withdrawal%3A+a+quick+guide&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft.aulast=Brangwin&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.au=Gellerfy%2C+Thea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FParliamentary_departments%2FParliamentary_Library%2Fpubs%2Frp%2Frp2122%2FQuick_Guides%2FBackgroundToAfghanistanWithdrawal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanistan">"A historical timeline of Afghanistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a>. 4 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212212051/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanistan">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023. 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Retrieved 19 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Documents+Detail+Years+of+Pakistani+Support+for+Taliban%2C+Extremists&rft.pub=National+Security+Archive&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwu.edu%2F~nsarchiv%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB227%2Findex.htm%2317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColl200414-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColl200414_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFColl2004">Coll 2004</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-Physicians_for_Human_Rights-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Physicians_for_Human_Rights_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.georgetown.edu/rossrights/docs/reports/taliban.pdf">"The Taliban's War on Women: A Health and Human Rights Crisis in Afghanistan"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Human_Rights" title="Physicians for Human Rights">Physicians for Human Rights</a>. 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103210524/http://www2.law.georgetown.edu/rossrights/docs/reports/taliban.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Taliban%27s+War+on+Women%3A+A+Health+and+Human+Rights+Crisis+in+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Physicians+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.georgetown.edu%2Frossrights%2Fdocs%2Freports%2Ftaliban.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newsday_2001-113"><a href="#cite_ref-Newsday_2001_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGargan2001" class="citation news cs1">Gargan, Edward (October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/10/12/taliban-massacres-outlined-for-un/">"Taliban massacres outlined for UN"</a>. Chicago Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110916074935/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-10-12/news/0110120312_1_taliban-fighters-massacres-in-recent-years-mullah-mohammed-omar">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Taliban+massacres+outlined+for+UN&rft.date=2001-10&rft.aulast=Gargan&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2001%2F10%2F12%2Ftaliban-massacres-outlined-for-un%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-papillonsartpalace.com-114"><a href="#cite_ref-papillonsartpalace.com_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGargan2001" class="citation web cs1">Gargan, Edward (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021118162327/http://www.papillonsartpalace.com/massacre.htm">"Confidential UN report details mass killings of civilian villagers"</a>. newsday.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papillonsartpalace.com/massacre.htm">the original</a> on 18 November 2002. Retrieved 12 October 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confidential+UN+report+details+mass+killings+of+civilian+villagers&rft.pub=newsday.org&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Gargan&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.papillonsartpalace.com%2Fmassacre.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webster_University_Press_Book-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Webster_University_Press_Book_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcela_Grad2009" class="citation book cs1">Marcela Grad (1 March 2009). Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader. Webster University Press. p. 310.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Massoud%3A+An+Intimate+Portrait+of+the+Legendary+Afghan+Leader&rft.pages=310&rft.pub=Webster+University+Press&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.au=Marcela+Grad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmed_Rashid/The_Telegraph-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed_Rashid/The_Telegraph_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashid2001" class="citation news cs1">Rashid, Ahmed (11 September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/1340244/Afghanistan-resistance-leader-feared-dead-in-blast.html">"Afghanistan resistance leader feared dead in blast"</a>. The Telegraph. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131108225950/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/1340244/Afghanistan-resistance-leader-feared-dead-in-blast.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+resistance+leader+feared+dead+in+blast&rft.date=2001-09-11&rft.aulast=Rashid&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fafghanistan%2F1340244%2FAfghanistan-resistance-leader-feared-dead-in-blast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirardet2011416-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirardet2011416_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGirardet2011">Girardet 2011</a>, p. 416. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid200091-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid200091_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRashid2000">Rashid 2000</a>, p. 91. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRashid2000 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE9–11_Commission200466-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE9–11_Commission200466_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF9–11_Commission2004">9–11 Commission 2004</a>, p. 66. sfn error: no target: CITEREF9–11_Commission2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE9–11_Commission200467-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE9–11_Commission200467_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF9–11_Commission2004">9–11 Commission 2004</a>, p. 67. sfn error: no target: CITEREF9–11_Commission2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColl2004-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColl2004_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFColl2004">Coll 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Holmes-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Holmes_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2006" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Stephen (2006). "Al Qaeda, 11 September 2001". In Diego Gambetta (ed.). Making sense of suicide missions. 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Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02804-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02804-3"><bdi>978-0-674-02804-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Qaeda+in+its+own+words&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02804-3&rft.aulast=Keppel&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft.au=Milelli%2C+Jean-Pierre&rft.au=Ghazaleh%2C+Pascale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780674028043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOX_Responders-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOX_Responders_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOX_Responders_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/9-years-later-nearly-900-9-11-responders-have-died-survivors-fight-for-compensation/">"9 Years Later, Nearly 900 9/11 Responders Have Died, Survivors Fight for Compensation"</a>. FOX News. 11 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100911224043/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/09/09/report-responders-died-ground-zero-illnesses/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2010. Retrieved 12 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=9+Years+Later%2C+Nearly+900+9%2F11+Responders+Have+Died%2C+Survivors+Fight+for+Compensation&rft.date=2010-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F9-years-later-nearly-900-9-11-responders-have-died-survivors-fight-for-compensation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_125-21">v</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalkasian2021" class="citation book cs1">Malkasian, Carter (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1240264784">The American war in Afghanistan : a history</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-755077-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-755077-9"><bdi>978-0-19-755077-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1240264784">1240264784</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202122832/https://www.worldcat.org/title/american-war-in-afghanistan-a-history/oclc/1240264784">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+war+in+Afghanistan+%3A+a+history&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1240264784&rft.isbn=978-0-19-755077-9&rft.aulast=Malkasian&rft.aufirst=Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1240264784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ultimatum-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ultimatum_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ultimatum_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203142713/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/events/the_us_refuses_to_negotiate_with_the_taliban">"The US refuses to negotiate with the Taliban"</a>. BBC History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/events/the_us_refuses_to_negotiate_with_the_taliban">the original</a> on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+US+refuses+to+negotiate+with+the+Taliban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2Fthe_us_refuses_to_negotiate_with_the_taliban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaalderLindsay2003" class="citation web cs1">Daalder, Ivo H.; Lindsay, James M. (April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/20030425.pdf">"The Bush Revolution: The Remaking of America's Foreign Policy, page 19"</a> (PDF). The Brookings Institution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817030350/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/20030425.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021. <q>Despite intense diplomatic pressure, the Taliban rejected Bush's demands.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bush+Revolution%3A+The+Remaking+of+America%27s+Foreign+Policy%2C+page+19&rft.pub=The+Brookings+Institution&rft.date=2003-04&rft.aulast=Daalder&rft.aufirst=Ivo+H.&rft.au=Lindsay%2C+James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F06%2F20030425.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2010" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Afzal (2 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/2010/03/02/in-afghanistan-us-is-fighting-tribal-insurgency-not-jihad/">"In Afghanistan, U.S. is fighting tribal insurgency, not jihad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033819/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2010-03-02/news/bal-op.pashtun02mar02_1_pashtuns-taliban-afghanistan-jihad">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2018. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019042351/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/09/22/AR2010092206141.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Paramilitary+force+is+key+for+CIA&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft.aulast=Whitlock&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.au=Miller%2C+Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F09%2F22%2FAR2010092206141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward20108-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward20108_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWoodward2010">Woodward 2010</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward2010367-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward2010367_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWoodward2010">Woodward 2010</a>, p. 367. </li> <li id="cite_note-dx-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dx_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dx_153-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelbab-Brown2012" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Felbab-Brown" title="Vanda Felbab-Brown">Felbab-Brown, Vanda</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Fsta.af">"Slip-Sliding on a Yellow Brick Road: Stabilization Efforts in Afghanistan"</a>. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development. 1 (1): 4–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Fsta.af">10.5334/sta.af</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2165-2627">2165-2627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stability%3A+International+Journal+of+Security+and+Development&rft.atitle=Slip-Sliding+on+a+Yellow+Brick+Road%3A+Stabilization+Efforts+in+Afghanistan&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-19&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5334%2Fsta.af&rft.issn=2165-2627&rft.aulast=Felbab-Brown&rft.aufirst=Vanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5334%252Fsta.af&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2002/US/03/14/ret.osama.whereabouts/index.html">"U.S. remains on trail of bin Laden, Taliban leader"</a>. CNN. 14 March 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117094334/http://articles.cnn.com/2002-03-14/us/ret.osama.whereabouts_1_mullah-mohammed-omar-taliban-leader-bin?_s=PM:US">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+remains+on+trail+of+bin+Laden%2C+Taliban+leader&rft.date=2002-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2002%2FUS%2F03%2F14%2Fret.osama.whereabouts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giustozzi-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giustozzi_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giustozzi_155-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giustozzi_155-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giustozzi_155-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiustozzi2019" class="citation book cs1">Giustozzi, Antonio (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CB6sDwAAQBAJ&q=the+taliban+at+war">The Taliban at War: 2001–2018</a>. 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Associated Press. 14 February 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intellnet.org/news/2003/02/14/16788-1.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Leaflet+War+Rages+in+Afghan+Countryside&rft.date=2003-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intellnet.org%2Fnews%2F2003%2F02%2F14%2F16788-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210706-timeline-us-intervention-in-afghanistan">"Timeline: US intervention in Afghanistan"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+US+intervention+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2021-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20210706-timeline-us-intervention-in-afghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSMontorTalibanResurge-158"><a href="#cite_ref-CSMontorTalibanResurge_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTohid,_OwiasBaldauf,_Scott2003" class="citation news cs1">Tohid, Owias & Baldauf, Scott (8 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0508/p01s02-wosc.html">"Taliban appears to be regrouped and well-funded"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Monitor">Christian Science Monitor</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070818025509/http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0508/p01s02-wosc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 28 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Taliban+appears+to+be+regrouped+and+well-funded&rft.date=2003-05-08&rft.au=Tohid%2C+Owias&rft.au=Baldauf%2C+Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2003%2F0508%2Fp01s02-wosc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Associated_Press-159"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Associated_Press_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Associated_Press" class="citation web cs1">The Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1320&dat=20030321&id=t-lWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6360,4863738">"Troops Rush Afghanistan in Taliban hunt"</a>. The Gainesville Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191017/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1320&dat=20030321&id=t-lWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6360,4863738">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Troops+Rush+Afghanistan+in+Taliban+hunt&rft.pub=The+Gainesville+Sun&rft.au=The+Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1320%26dat%3D20030321%26id%3Dt-lWAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6360%2C4863738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubin-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Rubin_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2009" class="citation news cs1">Rubin, Alyssa J. 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Retrieved 29 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NATO+Chief+Promises+to+Stand+by+Afghanistan&rft.date=2009-12-22&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Alyssa+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F12%2F23%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F23afghan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cfr.org-161"><a href="#cite_ref-cfr.org_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927101915/http://www.cfr.org/publication/10551/">"The Taliban Resurgence in Afghanistan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/publication/10551/">the original</a> on 27 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Taliban+Resurgence+in+Afghanistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fpublication%2F10551%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rothstein-162"><a href="#cite_ref-rothstein_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothstein,_Hy_S2006" class="citation book cs1">Rothstein, Hy S (15 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w7fmg1cCjskC&q=Al+Qaeda">Afghanistan: and the troubled future of unconventional warfare By Hy S. Rothstein</a>. Manas Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7049-306-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7049-306-8"><bdi>978-81-7049-306-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231119045904/https://books.google.com/books?id=w7fmg1cCjskC&q=Al+Qaeda">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%3A+and+the+troubled+future+of+unconventional+warfare+By+Hy+S.+Rothstein&rft.pub=Manas+Publications&rft.date=2006-08-15&rft.isbn=978-81-7049-306-8&rft.au=Rothstein%2C+Hy+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw7fmg1cCjskC%26q%3DAl%2BQaeda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.22ndmeu.marines.mil/News/Article-View/Article/510108/22nd-meu-afghanistan-recap-operation-asbury-park/">"22nd MEU Afghanistan Recap: Operation ASBURY PARK"</a>. 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104003511/https://www.22ndmeu.marines.mil/News/Article-View/Article/510108/22nd-meu-afghanistan-recap-operation-asbury-park/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. 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Retrieved 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.uk%2FDefenceInternet%2FDefenceNews%2FDefencePolicyAndBusiness%2F1400ExtraUkTroopsToDeployToAfghanistan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker,_Peter2007" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Peter (11 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/10/AR2007031001397.html">"Additional Troop Increase Approved"</a>. The Washington Post. p. A11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817093442/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/10/AR2007031001397.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Additional+Troop+Increase+Approved&rft.pages=A11&rft.date=2007-03-11&rft.au=Baker%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F03%2F10%2FAR2007031001397.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaren_DeYoungJonathan_Weisman2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeYoung" title="Karen DeYoung">Karen DeYoung</a>; Jonathan Weisman (23 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/22/AR2008072202942_2.html?nav=hcmodule&sid=ST2008072203343&pos=">"Obama Shifts the Foreign Policy Debate"</a>. The Washington Post. p. A08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008191509/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/22/AR2008072202942_2.html?nav=hcmodule&sid=ST2008072203343&pos=">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Obama+Shifts+the+Foreign+Policy+Debate&rft.pages=A08&rft.date=2008-07-23&rft.au=Karen+DeYoung&rft.au=Jonathan+Weisman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F07%2F22%2FAR2008072202942_2.html%3Fnav%3Dhcmodule%26sid%3DST2008072203343%26pos%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Congressional_Research_Services_Report_for_Congress_–_U.S._Forces_in_Afghanistan_–_Updated_15_July_2008-184"><a href="#cite_ref-Congressional_Research_Services_Report_for_Congress_–_U.S._Forces_in_Afghanistan_–_Updated_15_July_2008_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22633.pdf">"U.S. Forces in Afghanistan"</a> (PDF). Research Services Report for Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628121513/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22633.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Forces+in+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Research+Services+Report+for+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fnatsec%2FRS22633.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0416/p99s01-duts.html">"Pentagon inquiry finds US Marine unit killed Afghan civilians"</a>. Christian Science Monitor. 16 April 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518191648/https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0416/p99s01-duts.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Pentagon+inquiry+finds+US+Marine+unit+killed+Afghan+civilians&rft.date=2007-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2007%2F0416%2Fp99s01-duts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGall2007" class="citation news cs1">Gall, Carlotta (15 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/world/asia/15afghan.html">"Marines' Actions in Afghanistan Called Excessive' Actions in Afghanistan Called Excessive"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070506103114/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/world/asia/15afghan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Marines%27+Actions+in+Afghanistan+Called+Excessive%27+Actions+in+Afghanistan+Called+Excessive&rft.date=2007-04-15&rft.aulast=Gall&rft.aufirst=Carlotta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F15%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F15afghan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/23/AR2007032301721.html">"Marine Unit Is Told To Leave Afghanistan"</a>. The Washington Post. 24 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003110839/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/23/AR2007032301721.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Marine+Unit+Is+Told+To+Leave+Afghanistan&rft.date=2007-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F03%2F23%2FAR2007032301721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071211202642/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/MilitaryOperations/timeIsNowRightForRetakingMusaQalehBrowne.htm">""Time is now right" for retaking Musa Qaleh – Browne"</a>. Defence News. <a href="/wiki/British_Ministry_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ministry of Defence">British Ministry of Defence</a>. 7 December 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/MilitaryOperations/timeIsNowRightForRetakingMusaQalehBrowne.htm">the original</a> on 11 December 2007. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109015947/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/world/asia/30afghan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Foreign+Fighters+of+Harsher+Bent+Bolster+Taliban&rft.date=2007-10-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rohde&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F30%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F30afghan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhode2009" class="citation news cs1">Rhode, David (17 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/18/world/asia/18hostage.html?pagewanted=2&scp=1&sq=Rohde&st=cse&_r=0">"Held by the Taliban"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227113432/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/18/world/asia/18hostage.html?pagewanted=2">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Held+by+the+Taliban&rft.date=2009-10-17&rft.aulast=Rhode&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F18%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F18hostage.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2%26scp%3D1%26sq%3DRohde%26st%3Dcse%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-191"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/world/asia/30afghan.html?n=Top/News/World/Countries%20and%20Territories/Pakistan">"Foreign Fighters of Harsher Bent Bolster Taliban"</a>. The New York Times. 30 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512204625/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/world/asia/30afghan.html?n=Top%2FNews%2FWorld%2FCountries%20and%20Territories%2FPakistan">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Foreign+Fighters+of+Harsher+Bent+Bolster+Taliban&rft.date=2007-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F30%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F30afghan.html%3Fn%3DTop%2FNews%2FWorld%2FCountries%2520and%2520Territories%2FPakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> O'Hanlon, Michael E."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2010/0825_afghanistan_ohanlon.aspx">Staying Power: The U.S. Mission in Afghanistan Beyond 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101106033340/http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2010/0825_afghanistan_ohanlon.aspx">Archived</a> 6 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Brookings Institution, September/October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSSP513120070127">Taliban warn of summer offensive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024140347/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghan-taliban/taliban-warn-of-summer-offensive-idUSSP513120070127">Archived</a> 24 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" Reuters. 27 July 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> Salahuddin, Sayed and Tait, Paul."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE57A30D20090811">Afghan leader sees peaceful poll, troops ambushed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090813024947/http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE57A30D20090811">Archived</a> 13 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" Reuters. 11 August 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Yochi_Dreazen" title="Yochi Dreazen">Dreazen, Yochi J.</a> and Spiegel, Peter."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124986154654218153#articleTabs%3Darticle">Taliban Now Winning</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210910190411/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124986154654218153#articleTabs%3Darticle">Archived</a> 10 September 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" The Wall Street Journal, 10 August 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/insurgent-attack-frees-hundreds-from-kandahar-prison-1.725191">"Insurgent attack frees hundreds from Kandahar prison"</a>. CBC News. 14 June 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909044839/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/insurgent-attack-frees-hundreds-from-kandahar-prison-1.725191">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2021. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040805103333/http://www.cnn.com/2001/LAW/02/14/embassy.bombing.02/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2004. Retrieved 9 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sources%3A+Taliban+split+with+al+Qaeda%2C+seek+peace&rft.au=Nic+Robertson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2008%2FWORLD%2Fasiapcf%2F10%2F06%2Fafghan.saudi.talks%2F%3Firef%3Dmpstoryview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartlow2009" class="citation news cs1">Partlow, Joshua (11 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/10/AR2009111019644.html">"In Afghanistan, Taliban surpasses al-Qaeda"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Under+Obama%2C+an+emerging+global+apparatus+for+drone+killing&rft.date=2011-12-27&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fnational-security%2Funder-obama-an-emerging-global-apparatus-for-drone-killing%2F2011%2F12%2F13%2FgIQANPdILP_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afp20July2009-218"><a href="#cite_ref-afp20July2009_218-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Luce2009" class="citation news cs1">De Luce, Dan (20 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111215153626/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iSx0O9rqfroVdyJRvKzbpSTdhemw">"No let-up in US drone war in Pakistan"</a>. Agence France-Presse. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iSx0O9rqfroVdyJRvKzbpSTdhemw">the original</a> on 15 December 2011. 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Penguin Press. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-596-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-596-5"><bdi>978-1-59420-596-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130014635/http://thepenguinpress.com/book/worthy-fights-a-memoir-of-leadership-in-war-and-peace/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2017. 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Retrieved 6 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Leaders+condemn+US+troops+in+body-parts+photos&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fopinion%2Fpolitical-news%2Fleaders-condemn-us-troops-in-bodyparts-photos-20120419-1x8av.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_20120418_2-268">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_20120418_2_268-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_20120418_2_268-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/18/photos-of-soldiers-posing-with-body-parts-add-strain-to-a-taxed-relationship/?ref=asia">"Photos of Soldiers Posing With Body Parts Add Strain to a Taxed Relationship"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+moves+up+deadline+for+Afghans+to+take+lead+security+role&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft.au=Christi+Parsons&rft.au=Kathleen+Hennessey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fla-pn-obama-karzai-afghanistan-20130111%2C0%2C7048110.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters_20120521-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_20120521_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_20120521_282-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220614/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCABRE84J02C20120521?sp=true">"NATO sets "irreversible" but risky course to end Afghan war"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chicago+NATO+Summit+2012+Declaration&rft.pub=Defence+Talk+%E2%80%93+Global+Defense%2C+Aerospace+%26+Military+Portal&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.au=NATO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defencetalk.com%2Fchicago-nato-summit-2012-declaration-42672%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_WilsonKaren_DeYoung2012" class="citation news cs1">Scott Wilson & Karen DeYoung (21 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-other-nato-leaders-begin-crucial-summit-on-afghanistan/2012/05/21/gIQArWJYfU_story.html">"NATO leaders agree on framework to wind down Afghan mission"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104074602/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-other-nato-leaders-begin-crucial-summit-on-afghanistan/2012/05/21/gIQArWJYfU_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=NATO+leaders+agree+on+framework+to+wind+down+Afghan+mission&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.au=Scott+Wilson&rft.au=Karen+DeYoung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fobama-other-nato-leaders-begin-crucial-summit-on-afghanistan%2F2012%2F05%2F21%2FgIQArWJYfU_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElise_LabottMike_Mount2012" class="citation news cs1">Elise Labott & Mike Mount (22 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/21/us/nato-summit/index.html?hpt=hp_t3">"NATO accepts Obama timetable to end war in Afghanistan by 2014"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083920/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/21/us/nato-summit/index.html?hpt=hp_t3">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NATO+accepts+Obama+timetable+to+end+war+in+Afghanistan+by+2014&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft.au=Elise+Labott&rft.au=Mike+Mount&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2012%2F05%2F21%2Fus%2Fnato-summit%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_t3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordlandBumillerRosenberg2012" class="citation news cs1">Nordland, Rod; Bumiller, Elisabeth; Rosenberg, Matthew (15 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/world/asia/taliban-call-off-talks-as-karzai-urges-faster-us-transition.html">"Karzai Wants U.S. Troops Confined to Bases; Taliban Suspend Peace Talks"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315173400/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/world/asia/taliban-call-off-talks-as-karzai-urges-faster-us-transition.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Karzai+Wants+U.S.+Troops+Confined+to+Bases%3B+Taliban+Suspend+Peace+Talks&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft.aulast=Nordland&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft.au=Bumiller%2C+Elisabeth&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F16%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Ftaliban-call-off-talks-as-karzai-urges-faster-us-transition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/20/afghanistan-talks-taliban-qatar-cancelled">"US-Taliban Afghanistan peace talks in Qatar cancelled"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 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Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US-Taliban+Afghanistan+peace+talks+in+Qatar+cancelled&rft.date=2013-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fjun%2F20%2Fafghanistan-talks-taliban-qatar-cancelled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT20120501-288"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT20120501_288-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandler2012" class="citation news cs1">Landler, Mark (1 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/02/world/asia/obama-lands-in-kabul-on-unannounced-visit.html?_r=2&ref=barackobama">"Obama Signs Pact in Kabul, Turning Page in Afghan War"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308215646/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/02/world/asia/obama-lands-in-kabul-on-unannounced-visit.html?_r=2">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+Signs+Pact+in+Kabul%2C+Turning+Page+in+Afghan+War&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft.aulast=Landler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F02%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fobama-lands-in-kabul-on-unannounced-visit.html%3F_r%3D2%26ref%3Dbarackobama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/07/world/asia/us-afghanistan-ally-status/index.html?hpt=wo_c2">"U.S. designates Afghanistan a major ally, creates defense ties"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+designates+Afghanistan+a+major+ally%2C+creates+defense+ties&rft.date=2012-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2012%2F07%2F07%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fus-afghanistan-ally-status%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dwo_c2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC20130111-290">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC20130111_290-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC20130111_290-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-20993047">"US troops will end 'most' Afghanistan combat this spring"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+Accelerates+Transition+of+Security+to+Afghans&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft.au=Mark+Landler&rft.au=Michael+R.+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F01%2F12%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fus-can-speed-afghan-exit-obama-says.html%3Fhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130618/karzai-announces-afghan-security-handover">"Karzai announces Afghan security handover"</a>. Global Post. 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Retrieved 23 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Post&rft.atitle=Karzai+announces+Afghan+security+handover&rft.date=2013-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fdispatch%2Fnews%2Fafp%2F130618%2Fkarzai-announces-afghan-security-handover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJ29130618-293"><a href="#cite_ref-WSJ29130618_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge2013" class="citation news cs1">Hodge, Nathan (18 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323566804578552593026745674">"Blast Mars Day of Security Handover in Kabul"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104003748/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323566804578552593026745674">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Blast+Mars+Day+of+Security+Handover+in+Kabul&rft.date=2013-06-18&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887323566804578552593026745674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJE20130618-294"><a href="#cite_ref-AJE20130618_294-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2013/06/20136184484852774.html">"Deadly blast marks Afghan security handover"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.atitle=Deadly+blast+marks+Afghan+security+handover&rft.date=2013-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2F2013%2F06%2F20136184484852774.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyal2014" class="citation news cs1">Syal, Ryan (26 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/oct/26/uk-troops-camp-bastion-afghan-forces-13-years-helmand">"UK troops hand over Camp Bastion to Afghan forces, ending 13-year campaign"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UK+troops+hand+over+Camp+Bastion+to+Afghan+forces%2C+ending+13-year+campaign&rft.date=2014-10-26&rft.aulast=Syal&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2014%2Foct%2F26%2Fuk-troops-camp-bastion-afghan-forces-13-years-helmand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonKasolowskyPerryLiffey" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Kay; Kasolowsky, Raissa; Perry, Michael; Liffey, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-troopwithdrawal-idUSKBN0IF06I20141026">"Britain ends combat role in Afghanistan, last US Marines hand over base"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205162031/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-troopwithdrawal-idUSKBN0IF06I20141026">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021. 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BBC News. 21 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911211151/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33215948">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Afghans+counter+Taliban+offensive+in+northern+Kunduz+province&rft.date=2015-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-33215948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/22/world/asia/taliban-and-afghan-government-dispute-status-of-kunduz.html?_r=0">"Taliban and Afghan Government Dispute Status of Kunduz"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Taliban+and+Afghan+Government+Dispute+Status+of+Kunduz&rft.date=2015-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F06%2F22%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Ftaliban-and-afghan-government-dispute-status-of-kunduz.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/afghanistan-taliban-advance-on-key-northern-city-20150621-ghtu5f.html">"Afghanistan: Taliban advance on key northern city"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%3A+Taliban+advance+on+key+northern+city&rft.date=2015-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Fafghanistan-taliban-advance-on-key-northern-city-20150621-ghtu5f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-taliban-idUSKBN0P30OA20150623">"Afghan forces recapture key district from Taliban"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Taliban+attempt+to+capture+key+Afghan+city&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft.au=Sune+Engel+Rasmussen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fsep%2F28%2Ftaliban-attempt-to-invade-key-afghan-city-kunduz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamdard2015" class="citation news cs1">Hamdard, Feroz Sultani (28 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-attack-idUSKCN0RS0A820150928">"Afghan Taliban seize Kunduz city center in landmark gain"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taliban+fighters+raid+Kunduz+in+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F09%2Ftaliban-fighters-raid-kunduz-afghanistan-150928070609618.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-29/taliban-seize-half-of-major-afghan-city-police/6811692">"Taliban seizes control of major Afghan city Kunduz for first time since US-led invasion"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taliban+seizes+control+of+major+Afghan+city+Kunduz+for+first+time+since+US-led+invasion&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-09-29%2Ftaliban-seize-half-of-major-afghan-city-police%2F6811692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISIL_confirmed_to_have_presence_in_Afghanistan-318"><a href="#cite_ref-ISIL_confirmed_to_have_presence_in_Afghanistan_318-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2015/01/afghan-officials-confirm-isil-presence-201511815245847478.html">"Officials confirm ISIL present in Afghanistan"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Officials+confirm+ISIL+present+in+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2F2015%2F01%2Fafghan-officials-confirm-isil-presence-201511815245847478.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbsnews.com1-319"><a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews.com1_319-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-active-in-south-afghanistan-officials-confirm-for-first-time/">"ISIS active in south Afghanistan, officials confirm for first time"</a>. CBS News. 12 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190927030718/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-active-in-south-afghanistan-officials-confirm-for-first-time/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2019. 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Foreign Policy. 22 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115054720/https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/01/22/capture-the-flag-in-afghanistan/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2019. 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The New York Times. 7 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104071852/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/08/world/asia/haqqanis-steering-deadlier-taliban-in-afghanistan-officials-say.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Haqqanis+Steering+Deadlier+Taliban+in+Afghanistan%2C+Officials+Say&rft.date=2016-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F05%2F08%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fhaqqanis-steering-deadlier-taliban-in-afghanistan-officials-say.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC_news-341">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_news_341-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_news_341-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508085857/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/afghanistan-faces-tough-battle-haqqanis-unify-taliban-38948820">"Afghanistan Faces Tough Battle as Haqqanis Unify the Taliban"</a>. ABC news. 7 May 2016. 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Al Jazeera. 21 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200523214310/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/12/taliban-gain-ground-fight-afghanistan-helmand-151221054627572.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fierce+fight+for+Helmand+as+Afghan+Taliban+gains+ground&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F12%2Ftaliban-gain-ground-fight-afghanistan-helmand-151221054627572.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/sas-in-battle-to-stop-taliban-overrunning-sangin/ar-BBnOfYr?ocid=spartandhp">"SAS in battle to stop Taliban overrunning Sangin"</a>. The Telegraph. 22 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116022732/http://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/sas-in-battle-to-stop-taliban-overrunning-sangin/ar-BBnOfYr?ocid=spartandhp">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=SAS+in+battle+to+stop+Taliban+overrunning+Sangin&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-gb%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Fsas-in-battle-to-stop-taliban-overrunning-sangin%2Far-BBnOfYr%3Focid%3Dspartandhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2017-344">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2017_344-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2017_344-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/01/26/the-u-s-was-supposed-to-leave-afghanistan-by-2017-now-it-might-take-decades/">"The U.S. was supposed to leave Afghanistan by 2017. Now it might take decades"</a>. The Washington Post. 26 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210914111051/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/01/26/the-u-s-was-supposed-to-leave-afghanistan-by-2017-now-it-might-take-decades/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+was+supposed+to+leave+Afghanistan+by+2017.+Now+it+might+take+decades.&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcheckpoint%2Fwp%2F2016%2F01%2F26%2Fthe-u-s-was-supposed-to-leave-afghanistan-by-2017-now-it-might-take-decades%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/12063664/British-military-deployed-to-Afghanistan-Why-Sangin-matters.html">"British military deployed to Afghanistan: Why Sangin matters"</a>. 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BBC News. 21 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716044516/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35595446">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+IS+has+been+making+enemies+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2016-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-35595446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/01/state-department-lists-islamic-states-khorasan-province-as-foreign-terrorist-organization.php">"State Department lists Islamic State's 'Khorasan Province' as Foreign Terrorist Organization"</a>. The Long War Journal. 14 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309060809/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/01/state-department-lists-islamic-states-khorasan-province-as-foreign-terrorist-organization.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=State+Department+lists+Islamic+State%27s+%27Khorasan+Province%27+as+Foreign+Terrorist+Organization&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2016%2F01%2Fstate-department-lists-islamic-states-khorasan-province-as-foreign-terrorist-organization.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/us-army-orders-hundreds-of-soldiers-back-to-southern-afghanistan/">"US Army orders hundreds of soldiers back to southern Afghanistan"</a>. Fox News. 11 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180817085936/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/02/11/us-army-orders-hundreds-soldiers-back-to-southern-afghanistan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Army+orders+hundreds+of+soldiers+back+to+southern+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2016-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fus-army-orders-hundreds-of-soldiers-back-to-southern-afghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/07/taliban-close-to-capturing-sangin-as-militants-step-up-assault-on-helmand">"Taliban 'close to capturing Sangin' as militants step up assault on Helmand"</a>. The Guardian. 7 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104003003/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/07/taliban-close-to-capturing-sangin-as-militants-step-up-assault-on-helmand">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Taliban+%27close+to+capturing+Sangin%27+as+militants+step+up+assault+on+Helmand&rft.date=2016-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F07%2Ftaliban-close-to-capturing-sangin-as-militants-step-up-assault-on-helmand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/12145815/Taliban-are-close-to-overrunning-Sangin-where-106-British-soldiers-died.html">"Taliban are 'close to overrunning Sangin' where 106 British soldiers died"</a>. The Telegraph. 8 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/12145815/Taliban-are-close-to-overrunning-Sangin-where-106-British-soldiers-died.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Taliban+are+%27close+to+overrunning+Sangin%27+where+106+British+soldiers+died&rft.date=2016-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fafghanistan%2F12145815%2FTaliban-are-close-to-overrunning-Sangin-where-106-British-soldiers-died.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-military-idUSKCN0VI0FX?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews">"U.S. troop reinforcements head for embattled southern Afghan province"</a>. Reuters. 9 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104003014/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-military-idUSKCN0VI0FX?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+troop+reinforcements+head+for+embattled+southern+Afghan+province&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2016-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-afghanistan-military-idUSKCN0VI0FX%3FfeedType%3DRSS%26feedName%3DtopNews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_New_York_Times-352">^ <a href="#cite_ref-the_New_York_Times_352-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-the_New_York_Times_352-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/world/asia/a-5th-district-in-helmand-province-falls-to-the-taliban.html?_r=0">"A 5th District in Helmand Province Falls to the Taliban"</a>. The New York Times. 15 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104003352/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/world/asia/a-5th-district-in-helmand-province-falls-to-the-taliban.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+5th+District+in+Helmand+Province+Falls+to+the+Taliban&rft.date=2016-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F16%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fa-5th-district-in-helmand-province-falls-to-the-taliban.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-35984894">"Afghan forces face 'decisive' battle in Helmand"</a>. BBC News. 7 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104002913/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-35984894">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Afghan+forces+face+%27decisive%27+battle+in+Helmand&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-35984894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/11/middleeast/afghanistan-helmand-taliban-soldiers/">"Afghan soldiers desert as Taliban threaten key Helmand capital"</a>. CNN. 11 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816025104/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/11/middleeast/afghanistan-helmand-taliban-soldiers/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghan+soldiers+desert+as+Taliban+threaten+key+Helmand+capital&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2016-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2016%2F04%2F11%2Fmiddleeast%2Fafghanistan-helmand-taliban-soldiers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805231920/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/04/former-afghan-president-criticises-foreign-led-combat-against-taliban">"US airstrikes undermining Afghan security, says former president"</a>. The Guardian. 4 August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/04/former-afghan-president-criticises-foreign-led-combat-against-Taliban">the original</a> on 5 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US+airstrikes+undermining+Afghan+security%2C+says+former+president&rft.date=2016-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Faug%2F04%2Fformer-afghan-president-criticises-foreign-led-combat-against-Taliban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/afghanistan-helmand-capital-may-fall-to-taliban-10529673">"Afghanistan: Helmand Capital May Fall To Taliban"</a>. Sky News. 9 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911205906/https://news.sky.com/story/afghanistan-helmand-capital-may-fall-to-taliban-10529673">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%3A+Helmand+Capital+May+Fall+To+Taliban&rft.pub=Sky+News&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fafghanistan-helmand-capital-may-fall-to-taliban-10529673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807161247/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/talibans-new-commando-force-tests-afghan-armys-strength/2016/08/06/406be986-5beb-11e6-8b48-0cb344221131_story.html">"Taliban's new commando force tests Afghan army's strength"</a>. The Washington Post. 6 August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/talibans-new-commando-force-tests-afghan-armys-strength/2016/08/06/406be986-5beb-11e6-8b48-0cb344221131_story.html">the original</a> on 7 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Taliban%27s+new+commando+force+tests+Afghan+army%27s+strength&rft.date=2016-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fasia_pacific%2Ftalibans-new-commando-force-tests-afghan-armys-strength%2F2016%2F08%2F06%2F406be986-5beb-11e6-8b48-0cb344221131_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-helmand-idUSKCN10P0KO?il=0">"Taliban 'special forces' lead Helmand assault: Afghan officials"</a>. Reuters. 14 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831090928/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-helmand-idUSKCN10P0KO?il=0">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taliban+%27special+forces%27+lead+Helmand+assault%3A+Afghan+officials&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2016-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-afghanistan-helmand-idUSKCN10P0KO%3Fil%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/afghanistan-pakistan/la-fg-afghanistan-taliban-20160425-story.html">"No more peace talks with Taliban, Afghanistan's president says"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 25 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911210141/https://www.latimes.com/world/afghanistan-pakistan/la-fg-afghanistan-taliban-20160425-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=No+more+peace+talks+with+Taliban%2C+Afghanistan%27s+president+says&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fafghanistan-pakistan%2Fla-fg-afghanistan-taliban-20160425-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-taliban-idUSKCN0ZI0AR">"Taliban leader says foreigners must quit Afghanistan for peace"</a>. Reuters. 2 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911205901/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-taliban-idUSKCN0ZI0AR">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taliban+leader+says+foreigners+must+quit+Afghanistan+for+peace&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-afghanistan-taliban-idUSKCN0ZI0AR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-militarytimes-361">^ <a href="#cite_ref-militarytimes_361-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-militarytimes_361-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/2016/07/28/five-us-troops-wounded-afghanistan-operations-grow/87663788/">"American troops wounded fighting ISIS in Afghanistan as operations there grow"</a>. military.com. 28 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161231055958/http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/2016/07/28/five-us-troops-wounded-afghanistan-operations-grow/87663788/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+troops+wounded+fighting+ISIS+in+Afghanistan+as+operations+there+grow&rft.pub=military.com&rft.date=2016-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fstory%2Fmilitary%2F2016%2F07%2F28%2Ffive-us-troops-wounded-afghanistan-operations-grow%2F87663788%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-operations-idUSKCN10A0FE">"Afghan troops press offensive against Islamic State"</a>. Reuters. 30 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331104030/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-operations-idUSKCN10A0FE">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghan+troops+press+offensive+against+Islamic+State&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2016-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-afghanistan-operations-idUSKCN10A0FE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36892100">"Key Islamic State leader Saad Emarati 'killed in Afghanistan'"</a>. BBC News. 26 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331144519/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36892100">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Key+Islamic+State+leader+Saad+Emarati+%27killed+in+Afghanistan%27&rft.date=2016-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-36892100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4402071/afghanistan-war-everyday/">"When War Is Just Another Day in Afghanistan"</a>. Time. 18 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820205822/https://time.com/4402071/afghanistan-war-everyday/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=When+War+Is+Just+Another+Day+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4402071%2Fafghanistan-war-everyday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/aug/22/us-troops-sent-afghanistan-taliban-lashkar-gah">"Over a hundred US troops sent to Lashkar Gah to battle Taliban"</a>. The Guardian. 22 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210914071116/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/aug/22/us-troops-sent-afghanistan-taliban-lashkar-gah">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Over+a+hundred+US+troops+sent+to+Lashkar+Gah+to+battle+Taliban&rft.date=2016-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2016%2Faug%2F22%2Fus-troops-sent-afghanistan-taliban-lashkar-gah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/23/world/asia/afghanistan-peace-deal-hezb-i-islami.html">Afghanistan Signs Draft Peace Deal With Faction Led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911222820/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/23/world/asia/afghanistan-peace-deal-hezb-i-islami.html">Archived</a> 11 September 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The New York Times, 23 September 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-afghanistan-agreement-20160922-snap-story.html">"Afghanistan takes a step toward peace with notorious ex-warlord"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 22 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911205855/https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-afghanistan-agreement-20160922-snap-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+takes+a+step+toward+peace+with+notorious+ex-warlord&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fla-fg-afghanistan-agreement-20160922-snap-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stripes.com/news/taliban-ramp-up-attacks-in-southwestern-afghanistan-as-nato-casualties-hit-a-low-1.447089">"Taliban ramp up attacks in southwestern Afghanistan as NATO casualties hit a low"</a>. Stars and Stripes. 2 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911205855/https://www.stripes.com/news/taliban-ramp-up-attacks-in-southwestern-afghanistan-as-nato-casualties-hit-a-low-1.447089">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=Taliban+ramp+up+attacks+in+southwestern+Afghanistan+as+NATO+casualties+hit+a+low&rft.date=2017-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Ftaliban-ramp-up-attacks-in-southwestern-afghanistan-as-nato-casualties-hit-a-low-1.447089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marinecorpstimes-369">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marinecorpstimes_369-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marinecorpstimes_369-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marinecorpstimes_369-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/articles/marines-afghanistan-taliban-task-force">"The U.S. Marines are sending a task force back to Afghanistan's Helmand province"</a>. Marine Corps Times. 6 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713192530/https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/articles/marines-afghanistan-taliban-task-force">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marine+Corps+Times&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Marines+are+sending+a+task+force+back+to+Afghanistan%27s+Helmand+province&rft.date=2017-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinecorpstimes.com%2Farticles%2Fmarines-afghanistan-taliban-task-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armytimes.com/articles/two-army-rangers-killed-fighting-isis-in-aghanistan-identified">"Army Rangers killed in Afghanistan were possible victims of friendly fire"</a>. Army Times. 28 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Army+Times&rft.atitle=Army+Rangers+killed+in+Afghanistan+were+possible+victims+of+friendly+fire&rft.date=2017-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armytimes.com%2Farticles%2Ftwo-army-rangers-killed-fighting-isis-in-aghanistan-identified&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406151311/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/us-cites-progress-against-islamic-state-in-afghanistan/2017/04/06/70609d38-1ace-11e7-8598-9a99da559f9e_story.html">"US cites progress against Islamic State in Afghanistan"</a>. The Washington Post. 6 April 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/us-cites-progress-against-islamic-state-in-afghanistan/2017/04/06/70609d38-1ace-11e7-8598-9a99da559f9e_story.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=US+cites+progress+against+Islamic+State+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fasia_pacific%2Fus-cites-progress-against-islamic-state-in-afghanistan%2F2017%2F04%2F06%2F70609d38-1ace-11e7-8598-9a99da559f9e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/taliban-take-key-afghan-district-in-south-9-killed-in-north/">"Taliban take key Afghan district in south; 9 killed in north"</a>. Fox News. 23 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143255/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/03/23/taliban-take-key-afghan-district-in-south-killed-in-north.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taliban+take+key+Afghan+district+in+south%3B+9+killed+in+north&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Ftaliban-take-key-afghan-district-in-south-9-killed-in-north%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39365330">"Afghan Taliban capture city of Sangin"</a>. BBC News. 23 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211024141910/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39365330">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Afghan+Taliban+capture+city+of+Sangin&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-39365330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/4/us-may-send-up-to-5000-more-troops-to-afghanistan/">"U.S. may send up to 5,000 more troops to Afghanistan"</a>. Washington Times. 24 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911205909/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/4/us-may-send-up-to-5000-more-troops-to-afghanistan/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+may+send+up+to+5%2C000+more+troops+to+Afghanistan&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2Fmay%2F4%2Fus-may-send-up-to-5000-more-troops-to-afghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/04/taliban-attacks-key-military-base-north-afghanistan-170421134021613.html">Taliban fighters attack Afghan army base, 'killing 140'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422005703/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/04/taliban-attacks-key-military-base-north-afghanistan-170421134021613.html">Archived</a> 22 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Al Jazeera. 22 April 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/21/50-afghan-soldiers-killed-taliban-suicide-attackers-army-base">"Taliban kill more than 140 Afghan soldiers at army base | World news"</a>. The Guardian. 21 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911205857/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/21/50-afghan-soldiers-killed-taliban-suicide-attackers-army-base">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Taliban+kill+more+than+140+Afghan+soldiers+at+army+base+%26%23124%3B+World+news&rft.date=2017-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fapr%2F21%2F50-afghan-soldiers-killed-taliban-suicide-attackers-army-base&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/04/taliban-kills-more-than-100-afghan-soldiers-in-suicide-assault.php">"Taliban kills more than 140 Afghan soldiers in suicide assault"</a>. Longwarjournal.org. 22 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423064300/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/04/taliban-kills-more-than-100-afghan-soldiers-in-suicide-assault.php">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taliban+kills+more+than+140+Afghan+soldiers+in+suicide+assault&rft.pub=Longwarjournal.org&rft.date=2017-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2017%2F04%2Ftaliban-kills-more-than-100-afghan-soldiers-in-suicide-assault.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/15/us/politics/cia-drone-strike-authority-afghanistan.html">"C.I.A. Wants Authority to Conduct Drone Strikes in Afghanistan for the First Time"</a>. The New York Times. 15 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915093218/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/15/us/politics/cia-drone-strike-authority-afghanistan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=C.I.A.+Wants+Authority+to+Conduct+Drone+Strikes+in+Afghanistan+for+the+First+Time&rft.date=2017-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F09%2F15%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fcia-drone-strike-authority-afghanistan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/world/2017/9/19/16227730/trump-afghanistan-3000-troops-mattis">"Trump is sending more than 3,000 troops to Afghanistan"</a>. Vox. 19 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228110421/https://www.vox.com/world/2017/9/19/16227730/trump-afghanistan-3000-troops-mattis">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trump+is+sending+more+than+3%2C000+troops+to+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Vox&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2F9%2F19%2F16227730%2Ftrump-afghanistan-3000-troops-mattis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-relaxes-rules-of-engagement-to-help-troops-in-afghanistan-defeat-taliban/">"US relaxes rules of engagement to help troops in Afghanistan defeat Taliban"</a>. Fox News. 4 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729111733/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/10/04/us-relaxes-rules-engagement-troops-in-afghanistan-to-defeat-taliban.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+relaxes+rules+of+engagement+to+help+troops+in+Afghanistan+defeat+Taliban&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2017-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2Fus-relaxes-rules-of-engagement-to-help-troops-in-afghanistan-defeat-taliban%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/afghan-leaders-in-helmand-criticize-us-airstrikes-on-taliban-drug-labs/2017/11/21/7130d556-cec5-11e7-a87b-47f14b73162a_story.html">"Afghan leaders in Helmand criticize U.S. airstrikes on Taliban drug labs"</a>. The Washington Post. 21 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114162440/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/afghan-leaders-in-helmand-criticize-us-airstrikes-on-taliban-drug-labs/2017/11/21/7130d556-cec5-11e7-a87b-47f14b73162a_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Afghan+leaders+in+Helmand+criticize+U.S.+airstrikes+on+Taliban+drug+labs&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fasia_pacific%2Fafghan-leaders-in-helmand-criticize-us-airstrikes-on-taliban-drug-labs%2F2017%2F11%2F21%2F7130d556-cec5-11e7-a87b-47f14b73162a_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-42863116">"Taliban threaten 70% of Afghanistan, BBC finds"</a>. BBC. 31 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814141430/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-42863116">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taliban+threaten+70%25+of+Afghanistan%2C+BBC+finds&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-42863116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarzai2018" class="citation news cs1">Karzai, Hekmat Khalil (11 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/11/opinion/peace-taliban.html">"Opinion | An Unprecedented Peace Offer to the Taliban"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311221826/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/11/opinion/peace-taliban.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion+%26%23124%3B+An+Unprecedented+Peace+Offer+to+the+Taliban&rft.date=2018-03-11&rft.aulast=Karzai&rft.aufirst=Hekmat+Khalil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F11%2Fopinion%2Fpeace-taliban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-afghanistan-taliban-peace-20180228-story.html">"Afghanistan offers amnesty to the Taliban in a bid to end 16-year war"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 28 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912221330/https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-afghanistan-taliban-peace-20180228-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+offers+amnesty+to+the+Taliban+in+a+bid+to+end+16-year+war&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fla-fg-afghanistan-taliban-peace-20180228-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwyer2018" class="citation web cs1">Dwyer, Colin (28 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/28/589426780/afghan-president-urges-taliban-to-talk-peace-offering-political-recognition">"Afghan President Urges Taliban To Talk Peace, Offering Political Recognition"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912221331/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/28/589426780/afghan-president-urges-taliban-to-talk-peace-offering-political-recognition">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Afghan+President+Urges+Taliban+To+Talk+Peace%2C+Offering+Political+Recognition&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2018%2F02%2F28%2F589426780%2Fafghan-president-urges-taliban-to-talk-peace-offering-political-recognition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-offers-host-talks-taliban-afghanistan/29127849.html">"Tashkent Conference Backs Afghan Government's Peace Offer"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 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Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Tashkent+Conference+Backs+Afghan+Government%27s+Peace+Offer&rft.date=2018-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fuzbekistan-offers-host-talks-taliban-afghanistan%2F29127849.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOLO_PPM_blame_foreign-387"><a href="#cite_ref-TOLO_PPM_blame_foreign_387-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaad2019" class="citation news cs1">Yaad, Ziar (24 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/peace-movement-blames-foreign-countries-afghan-war">"Peace Movement Blames Foreign Countries For Afghan War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TOLOnews" title="TOLOnews">TOLOnews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817064335/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/peace-movement-blames-foreign-countries-afghan-war">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TOLOnews&rft.atitle=Peace+Movement+Blames+Foreign+Countries+For+Afghan+War&rft.date=2019-03-24&rft.aulast=Yaad&rft.aufirst=Ziar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftolonews.com%2Fafghanistan%2Fpeace-movement-blames-foreign-countries-afghan-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ariananews.af/helmand-peace-convoy-rejected-talibans-allegations/">"Helmand Peace Convoy Rejected Taliban's Allegations"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+Had+Record+Civilian+Casualties+in+2015%2C+U.N.+Says&rft.date=2016-02-14&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F02%2F15%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fafghanistan-record-civilian-casualties-2015-united-nations.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al_Jazeera_casualties-470">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_casualties_470-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_casualties_470-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/afghan-civilian-casualties-2016-170206062807210.html">"Afghan civilian casualties at record high in 2016: UN"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>. 6 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170206100518/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/afghan-civilian-casualties-2016-170206062807210.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2017. 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Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-007-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-007-6"><bdi>978-1-59420-007-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghost+Wars%3A+The+Secret+History+of+the+CIA%2C+Afghanistan%2C+and+Bin+Laden%2C+from+the+Soviet+Invasion+to+September+10%2C+2001&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-007-6&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fghostwarssecreth00coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColl2018" class="citation book cs1">Coll, Steve (2018). Directorate S: The C.I.A. and America's Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan. New York: Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84614-660-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84614-660-2"><bdi>978-1-84614-660-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directorate+S%3A+The+C.I.A.+and+America%27s+Secret+Wars+in+Afghanistan+and+Pakistan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-84614-660-2&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGirardet2011" class="citation book cs1">Girardet, Edward (2011). Killing the Cranes: A Reporter's Journey Through Three Decades of War in Afghanistan (3 August 2011 ed.). Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 416.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Killing+the+Cranes%3A+A+Reporter%27s+Journey+Through+Three+Decades+of+War+in+Afghanistan&rft.pages=416&rft.edition=3+August+2011&rft.pub=Chelsea+Green+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Girardet&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.9-11commission.gov/">"National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States"</a>. 9–11 Commission. 20 September 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211154714/http://www.9-11commission.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Commission+on+Terrorist+Attacks+Upon+the+United+States&rft.pub=9%E2%80%9311+Commission&rft.date=2004-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.9-11commission.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisen2008" class="citation book cs1">Risen, James (4 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xBFbzzGg71cC">State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration</a>. Simon & Schuster UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84737-511-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84737-511-7"><bdi>978-1-84737-511-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+of+War%3A+The+Secret+History+of+the+CIA+and+the+Bush+Administration&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster+UK&rft.date=2008-09-04&rft.isbn=978-1-84737-511-7&rft.aulast=Risen&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxBFbzzGg71cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Auerswald, David P. & Stephen M. Saideman, eds. NATO in Afghanistan: Fighting Together, Fighting Alone (Princeton U.P. 2014) This book breaks down the history of the US effort in Afghanistan down by deployed commander. Also useful in this fashion are Kaplan, "The Insurgents", and "A Different Kind of War."</li> <li>Mikulaschek, Christoph and Jacob Shapiro. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022002716669808">Lessons on Political Violence from America's Post-9/11 Wars</a>. Journal of Conflict Resolution 62(1): 174–202.</li> <li>Münch, Philipp. "Creating common sense: getting NATO to Afghanistan." Journal of Transatlantic Studies (2021): 1–29 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s42738-021-00067-0">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2004" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Richard W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214152935/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Afghanistan/Operation%20Enduring%20Freedom.htm">Operation Enduring Freedom</a>. BG <a href="/wiki/John_S._Brown_(general)" title="John S. Brown (general)">John S. Brown</a>. United States Army. p. 46. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Afghanistan/Operation%20Enduring%20Freedom.htm">the original</a> on 14 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operation+Enduring+Freedom&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=United+States+Army&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbrochures%2FAfghanistan%2FOperation%2520Enduring%2520Freedom.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAEI2008" class="citation web cs1">AEI (24 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404000410/http://www.aei.org/publication/america-and-the-war-on-terror/">"America and the War on Terror"</a>. AEI Public Opinion Study. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aei.org/publication/america-and-the-war-on-terror/">the original</a> on 4 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America+and+the+War+on+Terror&rft.pub=AEI+Public+Opinion+Study&rft.date=2008-07-24&rft.au=AEI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aei.org%2Fpublication%2Famerica-and-the-war-on-terror%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCall2010" class="citation book cs1">Call, Steve (15 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObYsOXiEtxgC">Danger Close</a>. Texas A&M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60344-304-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60344-304-3"><bdi>978-1-60344-304-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danger+Close&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2010-01-15&rft.isbn=978-1-60344-304-3&rft.aulast=Call&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObYsOXiEtxgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashid2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Rashid" title="Ahmed Rashid">Rashid, Ahmed</a> (2022). Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond (3rd ed.). Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26682-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26682-5"><bdi>978-0-300-26682-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taliban%3A+The+Power+of+Militant+Islam+in+Afghanistan+and+Beyond&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-300-26682-5&rft.aulast=Rashid&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeigand2022" class="citation book cs1">Weigand, Florian (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cup.columbia.edu/book/waiting-for-dignity/9780231200493">Waiting for Dignity: Legitimacy and Authority in Afghanistan</a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-20049-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-20049-3"><bdi>978-0-231-20049-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waiting+for+Dignity%3A+Legitimacy+and+Authority+in+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-231-20049-3&rft.aulast=Weigand&rft.aufirst=Florian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcup.columbia.edu%2Fbook%2Fwaiting-for-dignity%2F9780231200493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward2010" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, Bob (27 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/obamasw_woo_2010_00_4700">Obama's Wars</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-7251-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-7251-3"><bdi>978-1-4391-7251-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Obama%27s+Wars&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-7251-3&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fobamasw_woo_2010_00_4700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan">"US War in Afghanistan: 1999–2021"</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+War+in+Afghanistan%3A+1999%E2%80%932021&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Ftimeline%2Fus-war-afghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Bose, Srinjoy, ed. Afghanistan – Challenges and Prospects (Routledge, 2018).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duty:_Memoirs_of_a_Secretary_at_War" title="Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War">Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War</a>, New York, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>, 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" class="extiw" title="c:Category:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" class="extiw" title="q:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182865" class="extiw" title="d:Q182865">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wardiary.wikileaks.org/">75,000 documents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510090131/http://wardiary.wikileaks.org/">Archived</a> 10 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on Wikileaks</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/america-and-the-taliban/">"America and the Taliban"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frontline_(American_TV_program)" title="Frontline (American TV program)">Frontline</a>. Season 41. Episode 12. 4 April 2023. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH</a>. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frontline&rft.series=Season+41.+Episode+12&rft.date=2023-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Ffrontline%2Fdocumentary%2Famerica-and-the-taliban%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Afghanistan+%282001%E2%80%932021%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Afghanistan_War" title="Template:Afghanistan War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Afghanistan_War" title="Template talk:Afghanistan War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Prelude to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Timeline of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="List of military operations in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_logistics_during_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="NATO logistics during the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Impact of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li> <li>Withdrawal of U.S. troops <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">2011–2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">2020–2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolute_Support_Mission" title="Resolute Support Mission">Resolute Support Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airlift" title="2021 Kabul airlift">Evacuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Casualties and losses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Afghan_security_forces_fatality_reports_in_Afghanistan" title="List of Afghan security forces fatality reports in Afghanistan">Afghan forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualties_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Civilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civilian_casualties_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932006)" title="List of civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2006)">2001–2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civilian_casualties_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2007)" title="List of civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2007)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civilian_casualties_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2008)" title="List of civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2008)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civilian_casualties_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2009)" title="List of civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civilian_casualties_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2011)" title="List of civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civilian_casualties_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2012)" title="List of civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2012)">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="Coalition casualties in Afghanistan">Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_casualties_in_the_War_in_Afghanistan" title="United States military casualties in the War in Afghanistan">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_casualties_in_Afghanistan_since_2001" title="British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="Canadian Forces casualties in Afghanistan">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Armed_Forces_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="German Armed Forces casualties in Afghanistan">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Defence_Force_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="List of Australian Defence Force casualties in Afghanistan">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_Armed_Forces_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="List of Norwegian Armed Forces casualties in Afghanistan">Norwegian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan" title="List of aviation accidents and incidents in the war in Afghanistan">Aviation incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Afghanistan" title="2001 in Afghanistan">2001</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kandahar_(2001)" title="Bombing of Kandahar (2001)">Bombing of Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif">Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kunduz" title="Siege of Kunduz">Siege of Kunduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_uprising_in_Herat" title="2001 uprising in Herat">Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2001)" title="Fall of Kabul (2001)">Fall of Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarinkot" title="Battle of Tarinkot">Battle of Tarinkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kandahar" title="Fall of Kandahar">Fall of Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qala-i-Jangi" title="Battle of Qala-i-Jangi">Battle of Qala-i-Jangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasht-i-Leili_massacre" title="Dasht-i-Leili massacre">Dasht-i-Leili massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shawali_Kowt" title="Battle of Shawali Kowt">Battle of Shawali Kowt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sayyd_Alma_Kalay" title="Battle of Sayyd Alma Kalay">Battle of Sayyd Alma Kalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora" title="Battle of Tora Bora">Battle of Tora Bora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">2002 –2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_Afghanistan" title="2002 in Afghanistan">2002</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruzgan_wedding_bombing" title="Uruzgan wedding bombing">Uruzgan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Kabul_bombing" title="2002 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Afghanistan" title="2003 in Afghanistan">2003</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_attack_on_the_Embassy_of_Pakistan_in_Kabul" title="2003 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul">Pakistan Embassy in Kabul attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Afghanistan" title="2004 in Afghanistan">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Afghanistan" title="2005 in Afghanistan">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Afghanistan" title="2006 in Afghanistan">2006</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Taliban_offensive" title="2006 Taliban offensive">Taliban offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Afghanistan" title="2007 in Afghanistan">2007</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Shinwar_shooting" title="2007 Shinwar shooting">Shinwar shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_airstrike" title="Hyderabad airstrike">Hyderabad airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangar_Khel_incident" title="Nangar Khel incident">Nangar Khel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Helmand_Province_airstrikes" title="2007 Helmand Province airstrikes">Helmand airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Baghlan_sugar_factory_bombing" title="2007 Baghlan sugar factory bombing">Baghlan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_South_Korean_hostage_crisis_in_Afghanistan" title="2007 South Korean hostage crisis in Afghanistan">South Korean hostage crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Afghanistan" title="2008 in Afghanistan">2008</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haska_Meyna_wedding_party_airstrike" title="Haska Meyna wedding party airstrike">Haska Meyna airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizabad_airstrike" title="Azizabad airstrike">Azizabad airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wech_Baghtu_wedding_party_airstrike" title="Wech Baghtu wedding party airstrike">Wech Bagtu airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_bombing_of_Indian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="2008 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul">Kabul Indian embassy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kabul_Serena_Hotel_attack" title="2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack">Kabul S Hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_David_Rohde" title="Kidnapping of David Rohde">Kidnapping of David Rohde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarposa_prison_attack_of_2008" title="Sarposa prison attack of 2008">Sarposa attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kandahar_bombing" title="2008 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_Boldak_bombing" title="Spin Boldak bombing">Spin Boldak bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Afghanistan" title="2009 in Afghanistan">2009</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granai_airstrike" title="Granai airstrike">Granai airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kunduz_airstrike" title="2009 Kunduz airstrike">Kunduz airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_raid_on_Narang" title="Night raid on Narang">Narang raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_raids_on_Kabul" title="February 2009 raids on Kabul">February Kabul raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_bombing_of_Indian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="2009 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul">Kabul Indian embassy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kandahar_bombing" title="2009 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_NATO_Afghanistan_headquarters_bombing" title="2009 NATO Afghanistan headquarters bombing">NATO HQ bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Chapman_attack" title="Camp Chapman attack">Camp Chapman attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabzak" title="Battle of Sabzak">Battle of Sabzak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Afghanistan" title="2010 in Afghanistan">2010</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2010_Kabul_attack" title="January 2010 Kabul attack">January Kabul attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Khataba" title="Raid on Khataba">Raid on Khataba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Kabul_attack" title="February 2010 Kabul attack">February Kabul attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruzgan_helicopter_attack" title="Uruzgan helicopter attack">Uruzgan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Sangin_airstrike" title="2010 Sangin airstrike">Sangin airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maywand_District_murders" title="Maywand District murders">Maywand murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarok_Kolache" title="Tarok Kolache">Tarok Kolache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadahan_wedding_bombing" title="Nadahan wedding bombing">Nadahan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2010_Kabul_bombing" title="May 2010 Kabul bombing">May Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Badakhshan_massacre" title="2010 Badakhshan massacre">Badakhshan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Halmazag" title="Operation Halmazag">Operation Halmazag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Afghanistan" title="2011 in Afghanistan">2011</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mano_Gai_airstrike" title="Mano Gai airstrike">Mano Gai airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarposa_prison_tunneling_escape_of_2011" title="Sarposa prison tunneling escape of 2011">Sarposa prison escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Bin Laden raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Logar_province_bombing" title="2011 Logar province bombing">Logar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Inter-Continental_Hotel_Kabul_attack" title="2011 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack">I-C Hotel Kabul attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nimruz_province_bombing" title="2011 Nimruz province bombing">Nimruz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Zabul_province_bombing" title="2011 Zabul province bombing">Zabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Afghanistan_Boeing_Chinook_shootdown" title="2011 Afghanistan Boeing Chinook shootdown">Chinook shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Helmand_Province_killing" title="2011 Helmand Province killing">Helmand killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_NATO_attack_in_Pakistan" title="2011 NATO attack in Pakistan">Pakistani border attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Afghanistan_Ashura_bombings" title="2011 Afghanistan Ashura bombings">Ashura bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Afghanistan" title="2012 in Afghanistan">2012</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_order_of_battle,_2012" title="War in Afghanistan order of battle, 2012">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_of_U.S._Marines_urinating_on_Taliban_fighters" title="Video of U.S. Marines urinating on Taliban fighters">Urination video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kapisa_airstrike" title="2012 Kapisa airstrike">Kapisa airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Afghanistan_Quran_burning_protests" title="2012 Afghanistan Quran burning protests">Quran burning protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Afghanistan_attacks" title="April 2012 Afghanistan attacks">April attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Operating_Base_Delhi_massacre" title="Forward Operating Base Delhi massacre">Forward Operating Base Delhi massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_massacre" title="Kandahar massacre">Kandahar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2012_raid_on_Camp_Bastion" title="September 2012 raid on Camp Bastion">September Camp Bastion raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesh_Aba_raid" title="Shesh Aba raid">Shesh Aba raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._soldiers_posing_with_body_parts_of_dead_Afghans" title="U.S. soldiers posing with body parts of dead Afghans">Body pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Afghanistan" title="2013 in Afghanistan">2013</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Farah_attack" title="2013 Farah attack">Farah attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_June_2013_Kabul_bombing" title="11 June 2013 Kabul bombing">June Kabul bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Afghan_presidential_palace_attack" title="2013 Afghan presidential palace attack">Presidential palace attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_attack_on_U.S._consulate_in_Herat" title="2013 attack on U.S. consulate in Herat">Herat U.S. consulate attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_bombing_of_Indian_consulate_in_Jalalabad" title="2013 bombing of Indian consulate in Jalalabad">Jalalabad Indian consulate bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Afghanistan" title="2014 in Afghanistan">2014</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kabul_Serena_Hotel_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Kabul Serena Hotel attack">Kabul S Hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_attack_on_Indian_consulate_in_Herat" title="2014 attack on Indian consulate in Herat">Herat Indian consulate attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" title="2014 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Paktika_car_bombing" title="2014 Paktika car bombing">Paktika bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Yahyakhel_suicide_bombing" title="2014 Yahyakhel suicide bombing">Yahyakhel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Kabul_bombings" title="December 2014 Kabul bombings">December Kabul bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiqullah_Raufi" title="Atiqullah Raufi">Atiqullah Raufi assassination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Afghanistan" title="2015 in Afghanistan">2015</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Park_Palace_guesthouse_attack" title="2015 Park Palace guesthouse attack">Park Palace attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kabul_Parliament_attack" title="2015 Kabul Parliament attack">Kabul Parliament attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khost_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Khost suicide bombing">Khost bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">April Jalalabad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_August_2015_Kabul_attacks" title="7 August 2015 Kabul attacks">7 August Kabul attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_August_2015_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="10 August 2015 Kabul suicide bombing">10 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_August_2015_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 August 2015 Kabul suicide bombing">22 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazni_prison_escape" title="Ghazni prison escape">Ghazni prison escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunduz_(2015)" title="Battle of Kunduz (2015)">Battle of Kunduz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_hospital_airstrike" title="Kunduz hospital airstrike">Hospital airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kandahar_Airport_bombing" title="2015 Kandahar Airport bombing">Kandahar Airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Spanish_Embassy_attack_in_Kabul" title="2015 Spanish Embassy attack in Kabul">Kabul Spanish Embassy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" title="2015 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Afghanistan" title="2016 in Afghanistan">2016</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_(2016)" title="Nangarhar offensive (2016)">Nangarhar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Omari" title="Operation Omari">Operation Omari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Kabul_attack" title="April 2016 Kabul attack">April Kabul attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz-Takhar_highway_hostage_crisis" title="Kunduz-Takhar highway hostage crisis">Kunduz-Takhar highway hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_attack_on_Canadian_Embassy_guards" title="Kabul attack on Canadian Embassy guards">Kabul Canadian Embassy convoy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_June_2016_Afghanistan_bombings" title="30 June 2016 Afghanistan bombings">30 June bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">July Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janikhel_offensive" title="Janikhel offensive">Janikhel offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Afghanistan_attack" title="American University of Afghanistan attack">AUoA attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2016 Kabul attacks">September Kabul attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarinkot_(2016)" title="Battle of Tarinkot (2016)">Battle of Tarinkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunduz_(2016)" title="Battle of Kunduz (2016)">Battle of Kunduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boz_Qandahari" title="Battle of Boz Qandahari">Battle of Boz Qandahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_bombing_of_the_German_consulate_in_Mazar-i-Sharif" title="2016 bombing of the German consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar-i-Sharif German consulate bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bagram_Airfield_bombing" title="2016 Bagram Airfield bombing">Bagram bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Afghanistan" title="2017 in Afghanistan">2017</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Afghanistan_bombings" title="January 2017 Afghanistan bombings">January bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sangin_airstrike" title="2017 Sangin airstrike">Sangin airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">March Kabul attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nangarhar_airstrike" title="2017 Nangarhar airstrike">Nangarhar airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Camp_Shaheen_attack" title="2017 Camp Shaheen attack">Camp Shaheen attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2017_Kabul_bombing" title="May 2017 Kabul bombing">May Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Herat_mosque_bombing" title="June 2017 Herat mosque bombing">June Herat bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora_(2017)" title="Battle of Tora Bora (2017)">Battle of Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Lashkargah_bombing" title="June 2017 Lashkargah bombing">June Lashkargar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Herat_mosque_attack" title="August 2017 Herat mosque attack">August Herat attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="17 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">17 October attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">20 October attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">28 December Kabul bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Afghanistan" title="2018 in Afghanistan">2018</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Inter-Continental_Hotel_Kabul_attack" title="2018 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack">I-C Hotel Kabul attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">STC Jalalabad attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_ambulance_bombing" title="Kabul ambulance bombing">Kabul ambulance bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">March Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_madrassa_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunduz madrassa attack">Kunduz madrassa attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">22 April Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">30 April Kabul bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Farah" title="Battle of Farah">Battle of Farah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">July Jalalabad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darzab_(2018)" title="Battle of Darzab (2018)">Battle of Darzab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazni_offensive" title="Ghazni offensive">Ghazni offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="September 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">September Jalalabad bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Afghanistan" title="2019 in Afghanistan">2019</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_Shar_attack" title="Maidan Shar attack">Maidan Shar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Camp_Shorabak_attack" title="2019 Camp Shorabak attack">Camp Shorabak attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="2019 Kabul mosque bombing">2019 Kabul mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_July_2019_Kabul_attack" title="1 July 2019 Kabul attack">1 July Kabul attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Ghazni_bombing" title="2019 Ghazni bombing">Ghazni bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_July_2019_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 July 2019 Kabul suicide bombing">28 July Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2019_Farah_bombing" title="July 2019 Farah bombing">July Farah bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="7 August 2019 Kabul bombing">7 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">17 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_and_5_September_2019_Kabul_bombings" title="2 and 5 September 2019 Kabul bombings">2 & 5 September Kabul bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_September_2019_Afghanistan_bombings" title="17 September 2019 Afghanistan bombings">17 September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Qalat_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Qalat bombing">Qalat bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2019 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad suicide bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haska_Meyna_mosque_bombing" title="Haska Meyna mosque bombing">Haska Meyna mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bagram_Airfield_attack" title="2019 Bagram Airfield attack">Bagram attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Afghanistan" title="2020 in Afghanistan">2020</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">6 March Kabul shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Kabul gurdwara attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">May attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="June 2020 Afghanistan attacks">June attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="July 2020 Afghanistan attacks">July attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="August 2020 Afghanistan attacks">August attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad prison attack">Jalalabad prison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="September 2020 Afghanistan attacks">September attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="October 2020 Afghanistan attacks">October attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="November 2020 Afghanistan attacks">November attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">Kabul University attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">December attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Afghanistan" title="2021 in Afghanistan">2021</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_2021_Afghanistan_attacks" title="List of 2021 Afghanistan attacks">Attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">Taliban offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">Kabul school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(2021)" title="Battle of Kandahar (2021)">Battle of Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Herat" title="Fall of Herat">Fall of Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lashkargah" title="Battle of Lashkargah">Battle of Lashkargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Zaranj" title="Capture of Zaranj">Capture of Zaranj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Fall of Kabul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kunduz_mosque_bombing" title="2021 Kunduz mosque bombing">Kunduz mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kandahar_bombing" title="2021 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airlift" title="2021 Kabul airlift">2021 Kabul airlift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Allies_Refuge" title="Operation Allies Refuge">Operation Allies Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pitting" title="Operation Pitting">Operation Pitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devi_Shakti" title="Operation Devi Shakti">Operation Devi Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">Kabul airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2021_Kabul_drone_strike" title="August 2021 Kabul drone strike">August 29 drone strike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Afghanistan_War_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Aftermath of the Afghanistan War (2001–2021)">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_frozen_assets" title="Afghan frozen assets">Afghan frozen assets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_Afghanistan" title="War crimes in Afghanistan">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Afghanistan" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan">ICC investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Independent_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission">Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_unlawful_killings_inquiry" title="Afghan unlawful killings inquiry">UK Afghan Unlawful Killings inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brereton_Report" title="Brereton Report">Australian Brereton Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_by_the_Taliban" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes by the Taliban">War crimes by the Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_hospital_airstrike" title="Kunduz hospital airstrike">Kunduz hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_massacre" title="Kandahar massacre">Kandahar massacre</a></li> <li>Torture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagram_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Bagram torture and prisoner abuse">Bagram torture and prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Pit" title="Salt Pit">Salt Pit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Peace process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_peace_process" title="Afghan peace process">Afghan peace process</a></li> <li>Afghan peace groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabassum_movement" title="Tabassum movement">Tabassum movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_Movement_(Afghanistan)" title="Enlightenment Movement (Afghanistan)">Enlightenment Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_for_Change_(Afghanistan)" title="Uprising for Change (Afghanistan)">Uprising for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Peace_Movement_(Afghanistan)" title="People's Peace Movement (Afghanistan)">People's Peace Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Afghan_protests" title="2021–2022 Afghan protests">2021–2022 Afghan protests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_and_aftermath_to_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactions and aftermath to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Reactions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_War_documents_leak" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan War documents leak">Afghan War documents leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_public_opinion_on_the_war_in_Afghanistan" title="International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan">International public opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_war_in_Afghanistan" title="Protests against the war in Afghanistan">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Reactions to the fall of Kabul (2021)">To the fall of Kabul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_Afghanistan_Memorial" title="Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial">London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Category:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932014)" class="extiw" title="commons:War in Afghanistan (2001–2014)">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Afghanistan" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Afghanistan">Wikinews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_on_terror" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_on_terror" title="Template:War on terror"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_on_terror" title="Template talk:War on terror"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_on_terror" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War on terror"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_on_terror" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011) (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_of_terrorism" title="Symbolism of terrorism">Symbolism of terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Haqqani" title="Anas Haqqani">Anas Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Haqqani" title="Khalil Haqqani">Khalil Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Saeed" title="Hafiz Saeed">Hafiz Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mohamed_Ahmed_Bahaziq" title="Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq">Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF – Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Train_and_Equip_Program" title="Georgia Train and Equip Program">Georgia Train and Equip Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Sustainment_and_Stability_Operations_Program" title="Georgia Sustainment and Stability Operations Program">Georgia Sustainment and Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">OEF – Trans Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">2007 Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_Memos" title="Torture Memos">Torture Memos</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2009" title="Military Commissions Act of 2009">Military Commissions Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Surveillance_Program" title="President's Surveillance Program">President's Surveillance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protect_America_Act_of_2007" title="Protect America Act of 2007">Protect America Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Surveillance_Program" title="Terrorist Surveillance Program">Terrorist Surveillance Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_prisoners_of_the_United_States" title="Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States">Extrajudicial prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Assist" title="Operation Eagle Assist">Operation Eagle Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsors of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposition_Matrix" title="Disposition Matrix">Targeted killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killing_in_International_Law" title="Targeted Killing in International Law">Targeted Killing in International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killings" title="Targeted Killings">Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage_(organisation)" title="Cage (organisation)">CAGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_on_terror" title="Category:War on terror">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror" class="extiw" title="commons:War on terror">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="September_11_attacks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:September_11_attacks" title="Template:September 11 attacks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:September_11_attacks" title="Template talk:September 11 attacks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:September_11_attacks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:September 11 attacks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="September_11_attacks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Timeline of the September 11 attacks">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planning_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Planning of the September 11 attacks">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_for_the_day_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks">September 11, 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center" title="Collapse of the World Trade Center">World Trade Center collapse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_7_World_Trade_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Collapse of 7 World Trade Center">7 World Trade Center collapse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_for_September_following_the_September_11_attacks" title="Timeline for September following the September 11 attacks">Remainder of September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_for_October_following_the_September_11_attacks" title="Timeline for October following the September 11 attacks">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_beyond_October_following_the_September_11_attacks" title="Timeline beyond October following the September 11 attacks">Post-October</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Victims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Casualties of the September 11 attacks">Casualties</a></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_victims_of_the_September_11_attacks_(A%E2%80%93G)" title="List of victims of the September 11 attacks (A–G)">A–G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_victims_of_the_September_11_attacks_(H%E2%80%93N)" title="List of victims of the September 11 attacks (H–N)">H–N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_victims_of_the_September_11_attacks_(O%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of victims of the September 11 attacks (O–Z)">O–Z</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hijacked airliners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_11" title="American Airlines Flight 11">American Airlines Flight 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_175" title="United Airlines Flight 175">United Airlines Flight 175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_77" title="American Airlines Flight 77">American Airlines Flight 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_93" title="United Airlines Flight 93">United Airlines Flight 93</a></li> <li>Suspected hijackings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_085" title="Korean Air Flight 085">Korean Air Flight 085</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_1989" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 1989">Delta Air Lines Flight 1989</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crash sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_site" title="World Trade Center site">site</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonycreek_Township,_Somerset_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Stonycreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania">Stonycreek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shanksville,_Pennsylvania" title="Shanksville, Pennsylvania">Shanksville, Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Aftermath of the September 11 attacks">Immediate repercussions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artwork_damaged_or_destroyed_in_the_September_11_attacks" title="Artwork damaged or destroyed in the September 11 attacks">artwork destroyed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_damaged_or_destroyed_in_the_September_11_attacks" title="List of buildings damaged or destroyed in the September 11 attacks">buildings destroyed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closings_and_cancellations_following_the_September_11_attacks" title="Closings and cancellations following the September 11 attacks">closings and cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detentions_following_the_September_11_attacks" title="Detentions following the September 11 attacks">detentions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_during_the_September_11_attacks" title="Communication during the September 11 attacks">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-9/11" title="Post-9/11">Post-9/11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_effects_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Economic effects of the September 11 attacks">economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_arising_from_the_September_11_attacks" title="Health effects arising from the September 11 attacks">local health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_security_repercussions_due_to_the_September_11_attacks" title="Airport security repercussions due to the September 11 attacks">airport security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_September_11_attacks" title="Reactions to the September 11 attacks">Reactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani_during_the_September_11_attacks" title="Rudy Giuliani during the September 11 attacks">Rudy Giuliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_terrorist_plots_in_the_United_States_post-9/11" title="List of unsuccessful terrorist plots in the United States post-9/11">Unsuccessful terrorist plots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Response</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._government_response_to_the_September_11_attacks" title="U.S. government response to the September 11 attacks">U.S. government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._military_response_during_the_September_11_attacks" title="U.S. military response during the September 11 attacks">U.S. military response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">North-West Pakistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_and_recovery_effort_after_the_September_11_attacks_on_the_World_Trade_Center" title="Rescue and recovery effort after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center">Rescue and recovery effort</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_response_following_the_September_11_attacks" title="Maritime response following the September 11 attacks">maritime response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_assistance_following_the_September_11_attacks" title="Financial assistance following the September 11 attacks">Financial assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Support" title="Operation Support">Operation SUPPORT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yellow_Ribbon" title="Operation Yellow Ribbon">Operation Yellow Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_and_services_for_the_September_11_attacks" title="Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks">Memorials and services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_September_11_Memorial_%26_Museum" title="National September 11 Memorial & Museum">9/11 Memorial and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_93_National_Memorial" title="Flight 93 National Memorial">Flight 93 National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Memorial" title="Pentagon Memorial">Pentagon Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Terrorist_Attack_on_the_Pentagon_Memorial" title="Victims of Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon Memorial">Victims of Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon Memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Health_Program" title="World Trade Center Health Program">World Trade Center Health Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpetrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responsibility_for_the_September_11_attacks" title="Responsibility for the September 11 attacks">Responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleged_Saudi_role_in_the_September_11_attacks" title="Alleged Saudi role in the September 11 attacks">Alleged Saudi role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motives_for_the_September_11_attacks" title="Motives for the September 11 attacks">Motives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijackers_in_the_September_11_attacks" title="Hijackers in the September 11 attacks">Hijackers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_hijacker" title="20th hijacker">20th hijacker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_cell" title="Hamburg cell">Hamburg cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trials_related_to_the_September_11_attacks" title="Trials related to the September 11 attacks">Trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inquiries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Inquiry_into_Intelligence_Community_Activities_before_and_after_the_Terrorist_Attacks_of_September_11,_2001" title="Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities before and after the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001">U.S. congressional inquiry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_28_pages" title="The 28 pages">the 28 pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_intelligence_before_the_attacks" title="September 11 intelligence before the attacks">September 11 intelligence before the attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bin_Ladin_Determined_To_Strike_in_US" title="Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US">August 2001 CIA warning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Memo" title="Phoenix Memo">Phoenix Memo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_Commission" title="9/11 Commission">9/11 Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9/11_Commission_Report" title="9/11 Commission Report">Commission Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_9/11_Commission" title="Criticism of the 9/11 Commission">criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIST_World_Trade_Center_Disaster_Investigation" title="NIST World Trade Center Disaster Investigation">NIST investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PENTTBOM" title="PENTTBOM">PENTTBOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThinThread" title="ThinThread">ThinThread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Cultural influence of the September 11 attacks">Cultural effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_references_to_the_September_11_attacks" title="List of cultural references to the September 11 attacks">Cultural references</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_the_September_11_attacks" title="List of songs about the September 11 attacks">songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_about_the_September_11_attacks" title="List of comics about the September 11 attacks">comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_the_September_11_attacks" title="List of books about the September 11 attacks">books</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoonists_Remember_9/11" title="Cartoonists Remember 9/11">Cartoonists Remember 9/11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_entertainment_affected_by_the_September_11_attacks" title="List of entertainment affected by the September 11 attacks">Entertainment affected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humor_based_on_the_September_11_attacks" title="Humor based on the September 11 attacks">Humor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artwork_damaged_or_destroyed_in_the_September_11_attacks" title="Artwork damaged or destroyed in the September 11 attacks">Lost artworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Channel_memorandum" title="Clear Channel memorandum">Clear Channel memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_Digital_Archive" title="September 11 Digital Archive">Digital Archive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Cintr%C3%B3n" title="Edna Cintrón">Edna Cintrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_government_operations_and_exercises_on_September_11,_2001" title="United States government operations and exercises on September 11, 2001">War games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Day" title="Patriot Day">Patriot Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Falling_Man" title="The Falling Man">The Falling Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impending_Death" title="Impending Death">Impending Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="Dust Lady">Dust Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_at_Ground_Zero" title="Raising the Flag at Ground Zero">Raising the Flag at Ground Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_from_Williamsburg,_Brooklyn,_on_Manhattan,_9/11" title="View from Williamsburg, Brooklyn, on Manhattan, 9/11">View from Williamsburg, Brooklyn, on Manhattan, 9/11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_(sculpture)" title="Blind (sculpture)">Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_guy" title="Tourist guy">Tourist Guy hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Towers_2" title="Twin Towers 2">Twin Towers II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Sneha_Anne_Philip" title="Disappearance of Sneha Anne Philip">Disappearance of Sneha Anne Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Michele_Anne_Harris" title="Disappearance of Michele Anne Harris">Disappearance of Michele Anne Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Balbir_Singh_Sodhi" title="Murder of Balbir Singh Sodhi">Murder of Balbir Singh Sodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Henryk_Siwiak" title="Killing of Henryk Siwiak">Killing of Henryk Siwiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Anthony_Stroman" title="Mark Anthony Stroman">Mark Anthony Stroman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larme_Price" title="Larme Price">Larme Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Dekkers" title="Rudi Dekkers">Rudi Dekkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Esteve_Head" title="Alicia Esteve Head">Alicia Esteve Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Girls" title="Jersey Girls">Jersey Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_E._Booker_Elementary_School" title="Emma E. Booker Elementary School">Emma E. Booker Elementary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_documentation_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Media documentation of the September 11 attacks">Media documentation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:September_11_attacks" title="Category:September 11 attacks">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_September_11,_2001" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject September 11, 2001">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">conflicts in Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict (1947–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">Religious violence in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab,_India" title="Insurgency in Punjab, India">Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict (1947–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">JVP insurrection (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">JVP insurrection (1987–1989)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Maldives_political_crisis" title="2011–2013 Maldives political crisis">Maldives political crisis (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_All_Clear" title="Operation All Clear">Operation All Clear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest" title="2008 Tibetan unrest">Tibetan unrest (2008)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Korea (North and South)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_border_incidents_involving_North_and_South_Korea" title="List of border incidents involving North and South Korea">Maritime border incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_North_Korean_nuclear_crisis" title="1994 North Korean nuclear crisis">1994 North Korean nuclear crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">2017–2018 crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiwan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cambodia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict (1969–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh" title="Insurgency in Aceh">Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Madago_Raya" title="Operation Madago Raya">East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Myanmar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Civil war (2021–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thailand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Timor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">Indonesian occupation (1975–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_East_Timorese_crisis" title="1999 East Timorese crisis">1999 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_East_Timorese_crisis" title="2006 East Timorese crisis">2006 crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Laos" title="Insurgency in Laos">Laotian insurgency (1975–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Philippine civil conflict (1969–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">NPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FULRO_insurgency" title="FULRO insurgency">FULRO insurgency (1964–1992)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li>Civil War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">1989–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">1992–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">1996–2001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2001–2021 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kazakhstan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kazakhstan" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan">Ethnic conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kyrgyzstan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Osh_clashes" title="1990 Osh clashes">1990 Osh clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2010 Kyrgyz Revolution">2010 Kyrgyz Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_South_Kyrgyzstan_ethnic_clashes" title="2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes">2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tajikistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Gorno-Badakhshan_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)">Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_massacre" title="Fergana massacre">Fergana massacre (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andijan_massacre" title="Andijan massacre">Andijan massacre (2005)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Azerbaijan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bahrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">Bahraini uprising (2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDPI_insurgency_(1989%E2%80%931996)" title="KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)">KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes (2016–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel (1985–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon (1985–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Syrian arena (2012–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War" title="Iraqi Kurdish Civil War">Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan_conflict_(2001%E2%80%932003)" title="Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)">Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">ISIL insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada (2000–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel (2006–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel (1985–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Syrian arena (2012–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanon_conflict" title="2008 Lebanon conflict">Lebanon conflict (2008)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada (2000–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel (2006–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saudi Arabia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li>Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War (2011–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">Regional spillover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–ISIL conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(1994)" title="Yemeni civil war (1994)">Civil war (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda (1998–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi (2004–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_insurgency" title="South Yemen insurgency">South Yemen (2009–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis (2011–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Civil War (2014–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inter-continental conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency (2011–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_United_States" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armed_conflicts_involving_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template:Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armed_conflicts_involving_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armed_conflicts_involving_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_conflicts_involving_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>Listed chronologically</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shays%27_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Shays' Rebellion">Shays' Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fries%27s_Rebellion" title="Fries's Rebellion">Fries's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1811_German_Coast_uprising" title="1811 German Coast uprising">1811 German Coast uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Turner's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_Mormon_War" title="1838 Mormon War">Mormon War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Dorr Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_War" title="Utah War">Utah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">Harpers Ferry raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City draft riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks–Baxter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Place" title="Battle of Liberty Place">Battle of Liberty Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_war" title="Range war">Range War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_massacre" title="Hamburg massacre">Hamburg riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_War" title="Lincoln County War">Lincoln County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County_War" title="Johnson County War">Johnson County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Creek_War" title="Coal Creek War">Coal Creek War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_strike" title="Homestead strike">Homestead strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullman_Strike" title="Pullman Strike">Pullman Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War" title="Colorado Coalfield War">Colorado Coalfield War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blair_Mountain" title="Battle of Blair Mountain">Battle of Blair Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_Army" title="Bonus Army">Bonus Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party_revolts_of_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s">Puerto Rican revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_riots_(1964%E2%80%931969)" title="Ghetto riots (1964–1969)">1960s ghetto rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Greensboro_uprising" title="1969 Greensboro uprising">1969 Greensboro uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_State_shootings" title="Kent State shootings">Kent State shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">1992 Los Angeles riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020 racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">2021 U.S. Capitol attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Algerian_War_(1785%E2%80%931795)" title="American–Algerian War (1785–1795)">American–Algerian War (1785–1795)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Barbary_War" title="First Barbary War">First Barbary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Barbary_War" title="Second Barbary War">Second Barbary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sumatran_expedition" title="First Sumatran expedition">First Sumatran expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sumatran_expedition" title="Second Sumatran expedition">Second Sumatran expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast_expedition" title="Ivory Coast expedition">Ivory Coast expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Fiji_expedition" title="First Fiji expedition">First Fiji expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fiji_expedition" title="Second Fiji expedition">Second Fiji expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosa_Expedition" title="Formosa Expedition">Formosa Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_expedition_to_Korea" title="United States expedition to Korea">Korean Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Border_War_(1910%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Border War (1910–1919)">Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">Invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_in_Lebanon" title="Multinational Force in Lebanon">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">Invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Intervention in Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Bosnian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">War in North-West Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">First Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">War against the Islamic State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency#American_military_support" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_intervention_in_Libya_(2015%E2%80%932019)" class="mw-redirect" title="American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)">Libya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States" title="List of conflicts in the United States">Conflicts in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States" title="List of wars involving the United States">Wars involving the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations" title="Timeline of United States military operations">Timeline of U.S. military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_lengths_of_United_States_participation_in_wars" title="List of the lengths of United States participation in wars">Length of U.S. participation in major wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="History of the Central Intelligence Agency">History of the Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_casualties_of_war" title="United States military casualties of war">Casualties of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement#United_States" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_organizations#United_States" title="List of anti-war organizations">List of anti-war organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector#United_States" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes" title="United States war crimes">War crimes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wars_and_battles_involving_Croatia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_and_battles_involving_Croatia" title="Template:Wars and battles involving Croatia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wars_and_battles_involving_Croatia" title="Template talk:Wars and battles involving Croatia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wars_and_battles_involving_Croatia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wars and battles involving Croatia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_and_battles_involving_Croatia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Croatia" title="Military history of Croatia">Wars and battles involving Croatia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Medieval wars and battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">8th/9th-century battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Trsat" title="Siege of Trsat">Siege of Trsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_Ljudevit" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebellion of Ljudevit">Rebellion of Ljudevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupa" title="Battle of Kupa">Battle of Kupa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Makarska_(887)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Makarska (887) (page does not exist)">Battle of Makarska (887)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">Croatian–Hungarian wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drava_River" title="Battle of Drava River">Battle of Drava River</a> (925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gvozd_Mountain" title="Battle of Gvozd Mountain">Battle of Gvozd Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Croatian–Bulgarian wars">Croatian–Bulgarian wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_battle_of_854" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854">Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_battle_of_926" title="Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 926">Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zadar_(998)" title="Siege of Zadar (998)">Siege of Zadar (998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian-Venetian_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian-Venetian wars">Croatian-Venetian wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Omi%C5%A1_(948)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Omiš (948) (page does not exist)">Battle of Omiš (948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lastovo_(1000)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lastovo (1000)">Battle of Lastovo (1000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zadar_(1345%E2%80%931346)" title="Siege of Zadar (1345–1346)">Siege of Zadar (1345–1346)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">High and Late Middle Ages wars and battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Zadar">Siege of Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mohi" title="Battle of Mohi">Battle of Mohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grobnik_Field" title="Battle of Grobnik Field">Battle of Grobnik Field</a> (legendary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bliska" title="Battle of Bliska">Battle of Bliska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Hum_(1326%E2%80%931329)" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Hum (1326–1329)">War of Hum (1326–1329)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian%E2%80%93Ragusan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian–Ragusan War">Bosnian-Dubrovnik War (1403-1404)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samobor" title="Battle of Samobor">Battle of Samobor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Una" title="Battle of Una">Battle of Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vrpile" title="Battle of Vrpile">Battle of Vrpile Gulch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Crown_of_Zvonimir_(Croatia).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg/85px-Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg/128px-Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg/170px-Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="144" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Croatia_Country_History_(with_crown)_(1868-1918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg/70px-Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg/105px-Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg/140px-Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="470" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1844" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" title="Croatian–Ottoman wars">Croatian–Ottoman wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War" title="Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War">Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War</a> (1493–1593)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krbava_Field" title="Battle of Krbava Field">Battle of Krbava Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dubica" title="Battle of Dubica">Battle of Dubica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knin" title="Siege of Knin">Siege of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Battle of Mohács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jajce" title="Siege of Jajce">Siege of Jajce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_campaign_of_1527%E2%80%931528" title="Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528">Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_campaign_of_1529" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan campaign of 1529">Balkan campaign of 1529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_War_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Little War in Hungary">Little War in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vara%C5%BEdin_(1527)" title="Siege of Varaždin (1527)">Siege of Varaždin (1527)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belaj" title="Battle of Belaj">Battle of Belaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_K%C5%91szeg" title="Siege of Kőszeg">Siege of Kőszeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Klis" title="Siege of Klis">Siege of Klis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzianer%27s_Campaign" title="Katzianer's Campaign">Katzianer's Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gorjani" title="Battle of Gorjani">Battle of Gorjani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_%C4%90ur%C4%91evac_(1552)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Đurđevac (1552) (page does not exist)">Siege of Đurđevac (1552)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hrastovica_(1561)" title="Battle of Hrastovica (1561)">Battle of Hrastovica (1561)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Szigetv%C3%A1r" title="Siege of Szigetvár">Siege of Szigetvár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gvozdansko" title="Siege of Gvozdansko">Siege of Gvozdansko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slunj" title="Battle of Slunj">Battle of Slunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1592)" title="Siege of Bihać (1592)">Siege of Bihać (1592)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brest_(1592)" title="Battle of Brest (1592)">Battle of Brest (1592)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sisak" title="Battle of Sisak">Battle of Sisak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Long_Turkish_War" title="Long Turkish War">Long War</a> (1593–1606)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brest_(1596)" title="Battle of Brest (1596)">Battle of Brest (1596)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Keresztes" title="Battle of Keresztes">Battle of Keresztes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1663%E2%80%931664)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)">Austro-Turkish War</a> (1663–1664)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zr%C3%ADnyi%C3%BAjv%C3%A1r" title="First Battle of Zrínyiújvár">First Battle of Novi Zrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Jurjeve_Stijene" title="Battle at Jurjeve Stijene">Battle of Otočac (1663)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zr%C3%ADnyi%C3%BAjv%C3%A1r" title="Second Battle of Zrínyiújvár">Second Battle of Novi Zrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novi_Zrin_(1664)" title="Siege of Novi Zrin (1664)">Siege of Novi Zrin (1664)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Gotthard_(1664)" title="Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)">Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian_theater_in_Great_Turkish_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian theater in Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a> (1683–1699)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Virovitica_(1684)" title="Siege of Virovitica (1684)">Siege of Virovitica (1684)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osijek_Incursion_(1685)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osijek Incursion (1685)">Osijek Incursion (1685)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs_(1687)" title="Battle of Mohács (1687)">Battle of Mohács (1687)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian_theater_in_Great_Turkish_War#Siege_of_Udbina" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian theater in Great Turkish War">Siege of Udbina Castle (1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1697)" title="Siege of Bihać (1697)">Siege of Bihać (1697)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slankamen" title="Battle of Slankamen">Battle of Slankamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zenta" title="Battle of Zenta">Battle of Senta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">18th-century Ottoman wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Gotthard_(1705)" title="Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)">Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Sinj_(1715)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Sinj (1715) (page does not exist)">Siege of Sinj (1715)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petrovaradin" title="Battle of Petrovaradin">Battle of Petrovaradin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banja_Luka" title="Battle of Banja Luka">Battle of Banja Luka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relief_of_Dre%C5%BEnik_(1788)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relief of Drežnik (1788) (page does not exist)">Relief of Drežnik (1788)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Cetingrad" title="Relief of Cetingrad">Relief of Cetingrad (1790)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European 17th/18th- century wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uskok_War" title="Uskok War">Uskok War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sablat" title="Battle of Sablat">Battle of Sablat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Heidelberg_(1622)" title="Siege of Heidelberg (1622)">Siege of Heidelberg (1622)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Magdeburg" title="Sack of Magdeburg">Sack of Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breitenfeld_(1631)" title="Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)">Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCtzen_(1632)" title="Battle of Lützen (1632)">Battle of Lützen (1632)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_(1634)" title="Battle of Nördlingen (1634)">Battle of Nördlingen (1634)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lobositz" title="Battle of Lobositz">Battle of Lobositz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kol%C3%ADn" title="Battle of Kolín">Battle of Kolín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breslau_(1757)" title="Battle of Breslau (1757)">Battle of Breslau (1757)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hochkirch" title="Battle of Hochkirch">Battle of Hochkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meissen" title="Battle of Meissen">Battle of Meissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landeshut_(1760)" title="Battle of Landeshut (1760)">Battle of Landeshut (1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liegnitz_(1760)" title="Battle of Liegnitz (1760)">Battle of Liegnitz (1760)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">19th-century wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castiglione" title="Battle of Castiglione">Battle of Castiglione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassano" title="Battle of Bassano">Battle of Bassano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach (1799)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caldiero_(1805)" title="Battle of Caldiero (1805)">Battle of Caldiero (1805)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landshut_(1809)" title="Battle of Landshut (1809)">Battle of Landshut (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neumarkt-Sankt_Veit" title="Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit">Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sankt_Michael" title="Battle of Sankt Michael">Battle of Sankt Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raab_(1809)" title="Battle of Raab (1809)">Battle of Raab (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Graz" title="Battle of Graz">Battle of Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Battle of Leipzig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848%E2%80%9349" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848–49">Hungarian Revolution of 1848–49</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C3%A1kozd" title="Battle of Pákozd">Battle of Pákozd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Uprising" title="Vienna Uprising">Vienna Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schwechat" title="Battle of Schwechat">Battle of Schwechat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%B3r" title="Battle of Mór">Battle of Mór</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%A1polna" title="Battle of Kápolna">Battle of Kápolna</a></li> <li>Battles of Komárom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" title="First Battle of Komárom (1849)">First battle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" title="Second Battle of Komárom (1849)">Second battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" title="Third Battle of Komárom (1849)">Third battle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Temesv%C3%A1r" title="Battle of Temesvár">Battle of Temesvár</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)" title="Battle of Custoza (1866)">Battle of Custoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lissa_(1866)" title="Battle of Lissa (1866)">Battle of Vis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_campaign_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_1878#Occupation" title="Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878">Austro-Hungarian – Bosnia-Herzegovinian War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jajce_(1878)" title="Battle of Jajce (1878)">Battle of Jajce (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vitez_(1878)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vitez (1878) (page does not exist)">Battle of Vitez (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarajevo_(1878)" title="Battle of Sarajevo (1878)">Battle of Sarajevo (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Livno_(1878)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Livno (1878) (page does not exist)">Battle of Livno (1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">20th-century wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">World War I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Adriatic Campaign of World War I">Adriatic Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battle of Soča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Ancona" title="Bombardment of Ancona">Bombardment of Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">World War II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozara" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kozara">Battle of Kozara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Livno" title="Battle of Livno">Battle of Livno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neretva" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Neretva">Battle of Neretva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Otto_(1943)" title="Operation Otto (1943)">Operation Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sutjeska" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Sutjeska">Battle of the Sutjeska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Drvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Raid on Drvar">Raid on Drvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Battle of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mostar" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mostar">Battle of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Battle of Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo_(1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Sarajevo (1945)">Battle of Sarajevo (1945)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> (1991–1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakrac_clash" title="Pakrac clash">Pakrac clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_incident" title="Plitvice Lakes incident">Plitvice Lakes incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borovo_Selo_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Borovo Selo killings">Borovo Selo killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stinger" title="Operation Stinger">Operation Stinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Yugoslav_campaign_in_Croatia" title="1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia">1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalj_massacre" title="Dalj massacre">Dalj massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osijek" title="Battle of Osijek">Battle of Osijek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar" title="Battle of Vukovar">Battle of Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vukovar_massacre" title="Vukovar massacre">Vukovar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gospi%C4%87" title="Battle of Gospić">Battle of Gospić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%A0ibenik" title="Battle of Šibenik">Battle of Šibenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zadar" title="Battle of Zadar">Battle of Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kusonje" title="Battle of Kusonje">Battle of Kusonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barracks" title="Battle of the Barracks">Battle of the Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vara%C5%BEdin_Barracks" title="Siege of Varaždin Barracks">Siege of Varaždin Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bjelovar_Barracks" title="Siege of Bjelovar Barracks">Siege of Bjelovar Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_Channels" title="Battle of the Dalmatian Channels">Battle of the Dalmatian Channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospi%C4%87_massacre" title="Gospić massacre">Gospić massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik" title="Siege of Dubrovnik">Siege of Dubrovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Otkos_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Otkos 10">Operation Otkos 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Orkan_91" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Orkan 91">Operation Orkan 91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Whirlwind" title="Operation Whirlwind">Operation Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baranja" title="Operation Baranja">Operation Baranja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Operation Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Miljevci_Plateau" title="Battle of the Miljevci Plateau">Battle of the Miljevci Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1992)" title="Operation Tiger (1992)">Operation Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maslenica" title="Operation Maslenica">Operation Maslenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daruvar_Agreement" title="Daruvar Agreement">Daruvar Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Medak_Pocket" title="Operation Medak Pocket">Operation Medak Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flash" title="Operation Flash">Operation Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Bosnia and Herzegovina">War in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (1992–1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1992)" title="Battle of Kupres (1992)">Battle of Kupres (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1992%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bihać (1992–95)">Siege of Bihać (1992–95)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vrbas_%2792" title="Operation Vrbas '92">Operation Vrbas '92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Koridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Koridor">Operation Koridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%BDep%C4%8De" title="Battle of Žepče">Battle of Žepče</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mostar" title="Siege of Mostar">Siege of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Neretva_%2793" title="Operation Neretva '93">Operation Neretva '93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tvigi_94" title="Operation Tvigi 94">Operation Tvigi 94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1994)" title="Battle of Kupres (1994)">Battle of Kupres (Operation Cincar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ora%C5%A1je" title="Battle of Orašje">Battle of Orašje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Operation Maestral 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Una" title="Operation Una">Operation Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southern_Move" title="Operation Southern Move">Operation Southern Move</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">21st-century conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)</a> (2003–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolute_Support_Mission" title="Resolute Support Mission">Resolute Support Mission Force (RS)</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> after <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Disengagement_Observer_Force" title="United Nations Disengagement Observer Force">United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)</a> (2008–2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Croatia" title="Category:Battles involving Croatia">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px_Armed_conflict_involving_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Military history of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Military history of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military history of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px_Armed_conflict_involving_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/25px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/38px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/50px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">Armed conflict</a> involving the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Civil unrest in Eastern Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Civil unrest in Southern Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970s_operation_in_Balochistan" title="1970s operation in Balochistan">1970s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Taliban insurgency in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">India and Pakistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">1999</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_rebellion_(1948-1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waziristan rebellion (1948-1954)">Waziristan 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajaur_Campaign" title="Bajaur Campaign">Bajaur Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Panjshir_Valley_uprising" title="1975 Panjshir Valley uprising">Panjshir Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">1989-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">1992-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">1996-2001</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2001-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">War with Islamic State (2022–Present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhofar Rebellion">Dhofar Rebellion (Oman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian%E2%80%93led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen">Yemen crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Sudanese civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Task_Force" title="Unified Task Force">Somalian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces_deployments" title="Pakistan Armed Forces deployments">Foreign deployments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions_involving_Pakistan" title="United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan">UN peacekeeping missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Anti-piracy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy off the coast of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_W._Bush" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_W._Bush" title="Template talk:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_W._Bush" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">43rd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2001–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Texas" title="List of governors of Texas">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a> (1995–2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="First inauguration of George W. Bush">1st inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="Second inauguration of George W. Bush">2nd inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2001)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2001)">2001</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2002)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2002)">2002</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2003)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2003)">2003</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2004)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2004)">2004</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2005)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2005)">2005</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2006)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2006)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2007)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2007)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)#January_2009" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">January 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Domestic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_W._Bush_legislation_and_programs" title="List of George W. Bush legislation and programs">Legislation and programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of international presidential trips made by George W. Bush">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Russia–United States summits">Russia summits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_Summit_2001" title="Slovenia Summit 2001">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_Summit_2005" title="Slovakia Summit 2005">Slovakia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">Status of Forces Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act" title="No Child Left Behind Act">No Child Left Behind Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicare_Prescription_Drug,_Improvement,_and_Modernization_Act" title="Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act">Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Freedom_Corps" title="USA Freedom Corps">USA Freedom Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty" title="Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty">Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">"War on Terror"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Service_and_Civic_Participation" title="President's Council on Service and Civic Participation">President's Council on Service and Civic Participation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Volunteer_Service_Award" title="President's Volunteer Service Award">award</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys_controversy" title="Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy">Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy" title="Bush White House email controversy">Email controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts_Supreme_Court_nomination" class="mw-redirect" title="John Roberts Supreme Court nomination">John Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Miers_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Harriet Miers Supreme Court nomination">Harriet Miers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination">Samuel Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush Cabinet">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of people pardoned by George W. Bush">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/100px-George-W-Bush.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/150px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/200px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="3000" /> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Childhood_Home" title="George W. Bush Childhood Home">Childhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Early life of George W. Bush">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center" title="George W. Bush Presidential Center">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_portraits_of_George_W._and_Laura_Bush" title="Presidential portraits of George W. and Laura Bush">Presidential portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_military_service_controversy" title="George W. Bush military service controversy">Military service controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_controversy" title="Killian documents controversy">Killian documents controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_authenticity_issues" title="Killian documents authenticity issues">authenticity issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Professional life of George W. Bush">Professional life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_George_W._Bush" title="Governorship of George W. Bush">Governorship of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Chapel_Ranch" title="Prairie Chapel Ranch">Prairie Chapel Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker%27s_Point_Estate" title="Walker's Point Estate">Walker's Point Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Accomplished_speech" title="Mission Accomplished speech">Mission Accomplished</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union addresses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2002 State of the Union Address">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2003 State of the Union Address">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2004 State of the Union Address">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2005 State of the Union Address">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2006 State of the Union Address">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2007 State of the Union Address">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2008 State of the Union Address">2008</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_W._Bush" title="Electoral history of George W. Bush">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections">1978</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Texas gubernatorial election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Texas gubernatorial election">1998</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_George_W._Bush" title="Public image of George W. Bush">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushism" title="Bushism">Bushisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of nicknames used by George W. Bush">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_and_films_about_George_W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books and films about George W. Bush">As the subject of books and films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictionalized_portrayals_of_George_W._Bush" title="Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush">Fictionalized portrayals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Me_Yet%3F" title="Miss Me Yet?">Miss Me Yet?</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Yo,_Blair" title="Yo, Blair">Yo, Blair</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George W. Bush">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Charge_to_Keep" title="A Charge to Keep">A Charge to Keep</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_Points" title="Decision Points">Decision Points</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/41:_A_Portrait_of_My_Father" title="41: A Portrait of My Father">41: A Portrait of My Father</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Courage" title="Portraits of Courage">Portraits of Courage</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Many,_One:_Portraits_of_America%27s_Immigrants" title="Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants">Out of Many, One</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11">Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._(film)" title="W. (film)">W. (2008 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush_(born_1981)" title="Barbara Bush (born 1981)">Barbara Pierce Bush</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Bush_Hager" title="Jenna Bush Hager">Jenna Bush Hager</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Robinson_Bush" title="Pauline Robinson Bush">Robin Bush</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Bush" title="Neil Bush">Neil Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Bush" title="Marvin Bush">Marvin Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bush_Koch" title="Dorothy Bush Koch">Dorothy Bush Koch</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_(dog)" title="Barney (dog)">Barney</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Beazley" title="Miss Beazley">Miss Beazley</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_(cat)" title="India (cat)">India</a> (cat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_Fetcher" title="Spot Fetcher">Spot Fetcher</a> (dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">← Bill Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_W._Bush" title="Category:George W. Bush">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barack_Obama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barack_Obama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">from Illinois</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senator</a> from the 13th district (1997–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Administration foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Barack Obama administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_mass_surveillance" title="Barack Obama on mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Space policy of the Barack Obama administration">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wing_Week" title="West Wing Week">West Wing Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">2009 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">2013 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Barack Obama presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2009)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2010)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2011)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2012)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)#January_2017" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">January 2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Middle East</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Reassessment_and_renewed_commitment_from_2008">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Iraq withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Return to Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">War in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Pivot to Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="European foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009" title="Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009">Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a>/Environmental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Lautenberg_Chemical_Safety_for_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act">Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Marine policy of the Barack Obama administration">Marine policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010" title="Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010">Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act">MAP-21st Century Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixing_America%27s_Surface_Transportation_Act" title="Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act">FAST Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2009)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2010)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2011)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2012)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2013)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2014)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2015)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2016%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2016–2017)">2016–17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination">Garland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Presidential Library and Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of executive actions by Barack Obama">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Hussein_Obama/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Hussein Obama/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_memoranda_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential memoranda by Barack Obama">Memoranda</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Obama/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Obama/Presidential Proclamations">Proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Estate" title="Plantation Estate">Plantation Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books by Barack Obama">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(book)" title="Of Thee I Sing (book)">Of Thee I Sing (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Promised_Land" title="A Promised Land">A Promised Land (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_of_Barack_Obama" title="Speeches of Barack Obama">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">The Audacity of Hope</a>" (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_on_New_Hampshire_Primary_Night" class="extiw" title="s:Remarks of Senator Barack Obama on New Hampshire Primary Night">Yes We Can</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_election_victory_speech" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential election victory speech">Change Has Come to America</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama#Ceremony:_"A_New_Birth_of_Freedom"" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">A New Birth of Freedom</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning_(speech)" title="A New Beginning (speech)">A New Beginning</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (health care reform)</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2010 State of the Union Address">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2011 State of the Union Address">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2012 State of the Union Address">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2013 State of the Union Address">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2014 State of the Union Address">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2015 State of the Union Address">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2016 State of the Union Address">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Tucson_memorial_speech" title="Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech">Tucson memorial speech</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Act" title="American Jobs Act">Joint session of Congress (jobs)</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that" title="You didn't build that">You didn't build that</a>" (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech" title="Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech">Selma 50th anniversary</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_farewell_address" title="Barack Obama's farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illinois</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">State Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#First_state_Senate_election,_1996" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Second_state_Senate_election,_1998" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Third_state_Senate_election,_2002" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. House of Representatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election" title="2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election">2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="2004 United States Senate election in Illinois">2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">GOP/conservative support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_staff_members" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members">staff members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign">primary campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dunham" title="Ann Dunham">Ann Dunham</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr." title="Barack Obama Sr.">Barack Obama Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Soetoro" title="Lolo Soetoro">Lolo Soetoro</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Soetoro-Ng" title="Maya Soetoro-Ng">Maya Soetoro-Ng</a> (maternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Armour_Dunham" title="Stanley Armour Dunham">Stanley Armour Dunham</a> (maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madelyn_Dunham" title="Madelyn Dunham">Madelyn Dunham</a> (maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auma_Obama" title="Auma Obama">Auma Obama</a> (paternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Obama" title="Malik Obama">Malik Obama</a> (paternal half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Robinson" title="Marian Robinson">Marian Robinson</a> (mother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_(dog)" title="Bo (dog)">Bo</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(dog)" title="Sunny (dog)">Sunny</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_image" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News and political events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Oprah Winfrey's endorsement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Citizenship conspiracy theories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_eligibility_litigation" title="Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation">litigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">Religion conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ayers_2008_presidential_election_controversy" title="Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy">Bill Ayers controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" title="Jeremiah Wright controversy">Jeremiah Wright controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">Republican and conservative support (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Barack_Obama" title="Security incidents involving Barack Obama">Assassination threats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Denver" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver">2008 Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">2008 Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitations_to_the_first_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Invitations to the first inauguration of Barack Obama">First inauguration invitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial">Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Briefing_Book" title="Citizen's Briefing Book">Citizen's Briefing Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_arrest_controversy#Presidential_involvement" title="Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy">Gates–Crowley Rose Garden meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_of_Shirley_Sherrod" title="Firing of Shirley Sherrod">Firing of Shirley Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Barack_Obama" title="Efforts to impeach Barack Obama">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_tan_suit_controversy" title="Barack Obama tan suit controversy">Tan suit controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books about Barack Obama">Books about</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Barack_Obama" title="Bibliography of Barack Obama">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_From_Promise_to_Power" title="Obama: From Promise to Power">Obama: From Promise to Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_Der_schwarze_Kennedy" title="Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy">Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_Song_(Stanage_book)" title="Redemption Song (Stanage book)">Redemption Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Barack_Obama" title="The Case Against Barack Obama">The Case Against Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Nation" title="The Obama Nation">The Obama Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Corruption" title="Culture of Corruption">Culture of Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(Morris_and_McGann_book)" title="Catastrophe (Morris and McGann book)">Catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle" title="Barack and Michelle">Barack and Michelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sharpley-Whiting_book)" title="The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)">The Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Story" title="The Obama Story">The Obama Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_Barack_and_a_Hard_Place" title="Between Barack and a Hard Place">Between Barack and a Hard Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Change" title="Game Change">Game Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Zombies" title="Obama Zombies">Obama Zombies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Victory" title="Conservative Victory">Conservative Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge:_The_Life_and_Rise_of_Barack_Obama" title="The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama">The Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Diaries" title="The Obama Diaries">The Obama Diaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Syndrome" title="The Obama Syndrome">The Obama Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Identity" title="The Obama Identity">The Obama Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O:_A_Presidential_Novel" title="O: A Presidential Novel">O: A Presidential Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_the_Birth_Certificate%3F" title="Where's the Birth Certificate?">Where's the Birth Certificate?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama%27s_Last_Stand" title="Obama's Last Stand">Obama's Last Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_The_Story" title="Barack Obama: The Story">Barack Obama: The Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Down:_Game_Change_2012" title="Double Down: Game Change 2012"> Game Change 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyer%27s_Remorse_(book)" title="Buyer's Remorse (book)">Buyer's Remorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(book)" title="Rising Star (book)">Rising Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade:_A_Tale_of_Two_Presidents" title="Shade: A Tale of Two Presidents">Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_as_It_Is_(book)" title="The World as It Is (book)">The World as It Is</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Lee_Ettinger" title="Amber Lee Ettinger">Obama Girl</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Crush_on_Obama" title="Crush on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro#Barack_Obama" title="Magical Negro">Barack the Magic Negro</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)" title="Yes We Can (will.i.am song)">Yes We Can</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_President_Sang_Amazing_Grace" title="The President Sang Amazing Grace">The President Sang Amazing Grace</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_One_as_Irish_as_Barack_O%27Bama" title="There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama">There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD_Se_Puede_Cambiar" title="Sí Se Puede Cambiar">Sí Se Puede Cambiar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_President" title="My President">My President</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deadheads_for_Obama" title="Deadheads for Obama">Deadheads for Obama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Air_and_Simple_Gifts" title="Air and Simple Gifts">Air and Simple Gifts</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_Is_Now:_Renewing_America%27s_Promise" title="Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise">Change Is Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope!_%E2%80%93_Das_Obama_Musical" title="Hope! – Das Obama Musical">Hope! – Das Obama Musical</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_vs._Mitt_Romney_(video)" title="Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney (video)">Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baracksdubs" title="Baracksdubs">Barack's Dubs</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_I%27m_Yours#Political_significance" title="Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours">Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film, TV, and stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By_the_People:_The_Election_of_Barack_Obama" title="By the People: The Election of Barack Obama">By the People: The Election of Barack Obama</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_(film)" title="Change (film)">Change</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Anak_Menteng" title="Obama Anak Menteng">Obama Anak Menteng</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016:_Obama%27s_America" title="2016: Obama's America">2016: Obama's America</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_We%27ve_Traveled" title="The Road We've Traveled">The Road We've Traveled</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_with_You" title="Southside with You">Southside with You</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton">Hillary and Clinton</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_(2016_film)" title="Barry (2016 film)">Barry</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Divide" title="America's Great Divide">America's Great Divide</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(2021_TV_series)" title="We the People (2021 TV series)">We the People</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegades:_Born_in_the_USA" title="Renegades: Born in the USA">Renegades: Born in the USA</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_In_Pursuit_of_a_More_Perfect_Union" title="Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union">Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturing_the_Obamas" title="Picturing the Obamas">Picturing the Obamas</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Images of Barack Obama">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Barack_Obama" title="Social media use by Barack Obama">Social media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_for_Obama" title="Artists for Obama">Artists for Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Hope" poster">"Hope" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">"Joker" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_Like_Mine" title="Hair Like Mine">Hair Like Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_Crosson" title="Iman Crosson">Iman Crosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Man_(painting)" title="The Forgotten Man (painting)">The Forgotten Man</a> (2010 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Barack_Obama_(painting)" title="President Barack Obama (painting)">President Barack Obama</a> (2018 portrait)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_logo" title="Obama logo">Obama logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_in_comics" title="Barack Obama in comics">In comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_summer_playlist" title="Barack Obama's summer playlist">Barack Obama's summer playlist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama Day">Obama Day (Kenya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Barack Obama">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Barack_Obama" title="List of things named after Barack Obama">Namesakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Ground_Productions" title="Higher Ground Productions">Higher Ground Productions</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Time_(Hamilton_song)#Remix" title="One Last Time (Hamilton song)">One Last Time (44 Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight_before_signing" title="Sunlight before signing">Sunlight before signing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">← George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama" title="Category:Barack Obama">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taliban" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taliban" title="Template:Taliban"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taliban" title="Template talk:Taliban"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taliban" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taliban"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Taliban" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Council_of_Afghanistan" title="Leadership Council of Afghanistan">Leadership Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Afghanistan" title="Supreme Leader of Afghanistan">Supreme leaders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Mansour" title="Akhtar Mansour">Akhtar Mansour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_decrees_by_Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="List of decrees by Hibatullah Akhundzada">decrees</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Leader of Afghanistan">Deputy leaders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Rabbani" title="Mohammad Rabbani">Mohammad Rabbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghani_Baradar" title="Abdul Ghani Baradar">Abdul Ghani Baradar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obaidullah_Akhund" title="Obaidullah Akhund">Obaidullah Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Yaqoob" title="Mullah Yaqoob">Mullah Yaqoob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Kabir" title="Abdul Kabir">Abdul Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayyab_Agha" title="Tayyab Agha">Tayyab Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahabuddin_Delawar" title="Shahabuddin Delawar">Shahabuddin Delawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hakim_Haqqani" title="Abdul Hakim Haqqani">Abdul Hakim Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akhund" title="Hasan Akhund">Hasan Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Khan_Muttaqi" title="Amir Khan Muttaqi">Amir Khan Muttaqi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Amir_Khan_Muttaqi_as_Acting_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Afghanistan" title="List of international trips made by Amir Khan Muttaqi as Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakil_Ahmed_Muttawakil" title="Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil">Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qari_Ahmadullah" title="Qari Ahmadullah">Qari Ahmadullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Mohammad_Abbas_Stanikzai" title="Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai">Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Haqqani" title="Khalil Haqqani">Khalil Haqqani</a></li> <li>Commanders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadullah" title="Dadullah">Dadullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahzada_(Taliban_commander)" title="Shahzada (Taliban commander)">Shahzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qayyum_Zakir" title="Abdul Qayyum Zakir">Abdul Qayyum Zakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain-Ul-Abideen" title="Zain-Ul-Abideen">Zain-Ul-Abideen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Taliban" title="History of the Taliban">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Afghanistan#Islamic_Emirate_(2021–present)" title="Cabinet of Afghanistan">Cabinet (2021–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_the_Propagation_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Afghanistan)" title="Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Afghanistan)">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban_propaganda" title="Taliban propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirga" title="Jirga">Jirga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan" title="Flag of Afghanistan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Afghanistan" title="Emblem of Afghanistan">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Motto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights/violations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan#Destruction" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_women_by_the_Taliban" title="Treatment of women by the Taliban">Treatment of women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_Afghanistan#Taliban" title="War crimes in Afghanistan">War crimes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Armed_Forces" title="Afghan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Army" title="Afghan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Air_Force" title="Afghan Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/055_Brigade" title="055 Brigade">55th Arab Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Unit" title="Red Unit">Red Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badri_313_Battalion" title="Badri 313 Battalion">Badri 313 Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban_conscription" title="Taliban conscription">Conscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_the_Taliban" title="Category:Wars involving the Taliban">Conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">Civil War</a> (1996–2001)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan</a> (2001–2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taliban_insurgency_leaders" title="List of Taliban insurgency leaders">leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Taliban_offensive" title="2006 Taliban offensive">2006 offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Fall of Kabul</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Conflict with IS</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency in Afghanistan</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> (2004–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban_in_Qatar" title="Taliban in Qatar">Taliban in Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Afghan_protests" title="2021–2022 Afghan protests">2021–2022 Afghan protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haqqani_network" title="Haqqani network">Haqqani network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guantanamo_detainees_who_were_previously_Taliban_prisoners" title="List of Guantanamo detainees who were previously Taliban prisoners">Guantanamo detainees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunwali" title="Pashtunwali">Pashtunwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_safe_house" title="Al-Qaeda safe house">Safe house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talibanization" title="Talibanization">Talibanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan" title="Waziristan">Waziristan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Al-Qaeda" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Al-Qaeda" title="Template:Al-Qaeda"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Al-Qaeda" title="Template talk:Al-Qaeda"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Al-Qaeda" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Al-Qaeda"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Al-Qaeda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_al-Qaeda_members" title="List of al-Qaeda members">Leadership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Adel" title="Saif al-Adel">Saif al-Adel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Maghribi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Maghribi">Abd al-Rahman al-Maghribi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ad_bin_Atef_al-Awlaki" title="Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki">Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Umar_Abu_Ubaidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Umar Abu Ubaidah">Ahmad Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezedin_Abdel_Aziz_Khalil" title="Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil">Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_Youssef_al-Annabi" title="Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi">Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sayyid_Muhamed_Mustafa_al-Bakri" title="Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri">Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Banna" title="Ibrahim al-Banna">Ibrahim al-Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al_Qosi" title="Ibrahim al Qosi">Ibrahim al Qosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Walid_al-Masri" title="Abu Walid al-Masri">Abu Walid al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Showqi_Al-Islambouli" title="Mohammed Showqi Al-Islambouli">Mohammed Showqi Al-Islambouli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdukadir_Mohamed_Abdukadir" title="Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir">Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Qalaf" title="Fuad Qalaf">Fuad Qalaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehad_Mostafa" title="Jehad Mostafa">Jehad Mostafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Humam_al-Shami" title="Abu Humam al-Shami">Abu Humam al-Shami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_al-Oraydi" title="Sami al-Oraydi">Sami al-Oraydi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Killed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">killing</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">killing</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Atef" title="Mohammed Atef">Mohammed Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaed_Salim_Sinan_al-Harethi" title="Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi">Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Mohamed_Fadhil" title="Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil">Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Yemeni" title="Haitham al-Yemeni">Haitham al-Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Rabia" title="Abu Hamza Rabia">Abu Hamza Rabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_Musa_Matwalli_Atwah" title="Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah">Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Faruq" title="Omar al-Faruq">Omar al-Faruq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Badri" title="Haitham al-Badri">Haitham al-Badri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yaqub_al-Masri" title="Abu Yaqub al-Masri">Abu Yaqub al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talha_al-Sudani" title="Abu Talha al-Sudani">Abu Talha al-Sudani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Laith_al-Libi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Laith al-Libi">Abu Laith al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sulayman_Al-Jazairi" title="Abu Sulayman Al-Jazairi">Abu Sulayman Al-Jazairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midhat_Mursi" title="Midhat Mursi">Midhat Mursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Moumou" title="Mohamed Moumou">Mohamed Moumou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Habib" title="Khalid Habib">Khalid Habib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghadiya" title="Abu Ghadiya">Abu Ghadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zubair_al-Masri" title="Abu Zubair al-Masri">Abu Zubair al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rauf" title="Rashid Rauf">Rashid Rauf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hasan_Khalil_al-Hakim" title="Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim">Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahid_Mohammed_Ally_Msalam" title="Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam">Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmed_Salim_Swedan" title="Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan">Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_bin_Laden" title="Saad bin Laden">Saad bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Ali_Saleh_Nabhan" title="Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan">Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Said_al_Libi" title="Abdullah Said al Libi">Abdullah Said al Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Somali" title="Saleh al-Somali">Saleh al-Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_al-Masri" title="Saeed al-Masri">Saeed al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_al-Jawfi" title="Hamza al-Jawfi">Hamza al-Jawfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohammed_Hamed_Ali" title="Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali">Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Abul-Khair" title="Mohamed Abul-Khair">Mohamed Abul-Khair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Fateh" title="Sheikh Fateh">Sheikh Fateh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huthaifa_al-Batawi" title="Huthaifa al-Batawi">Huthaifa al-Batawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Kashmiri" title="Ilyas Kashmiri">Ilyas Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazul_Abdullah_Mohammed" title="Fazul Abdullah Mohammed">Fazul Abdullah Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiyah_Abd_al-Rahman" title="Atiyah Abd al-Rahman">Atiyah Abd al-Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Khan" title="Samir Khan">Samir Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Dahab" title="Tariq al-Dahab">Tariq al-Dahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sa%27id_Ali_Hasan" title="Muhammad Sa'id Ali Hasan">Muhammad Sa'id Ali Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_al-Quso" title="Fahd al-Quso">Fahd al-Quso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yahya_al-Libi" title="Abu Yahya al-Libi">Abu Yahya al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ghul" title="Hassan Ghul">Hassan Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Zaid_al_Kuwaiti" title="Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti">Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Ali_al-Shihri" title="Said Ali al-Shihri">Said Ali al-Shihri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farman_Ali_Shinwari" title="Farman Ali Shinwari">Farman Ali Shinwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abou_Zeid" title="Abdelhamid Abou Zeid">Abdelhamid Abou Zeid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Haji_Jama_Mee%27aad" title="Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad">Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansoor_Al-Amriki" title="Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki">Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Bahaji" title="Said Bahaji">Said Bahaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khalid_al-Suri" title="Abu Khalid al-Suri">Abu Khalid al-Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ould_Hamaha" title="Omar Ould Hamaha">Omar Ould Hamaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdi_Godane" title="Ahmed Abdi Godane">Ahmed Abdi Godane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf_Al-Turki" title="Abu Yusuf Al-Turki">Abu Yusuf Al-Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Gulshair_el_Shukrijumah" title="Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah">Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Yahiye_Gadahn" title="Adam Yahiye Gadahn">Adam Yahiye Gadahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harith_bin_Ghazi_al-Nadhari" title="Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari">Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othman_Ahmad_Othman_al-Ghamdi" title="Othman Ahmad Othman al-Ghamdi">Othman Ahmad Othman al-Ghamdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Sulayman_Muhammad_al-Rubaysh" title="Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad al-Rubaysh">Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad al-Rubaysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_bin_Ali_al-Ansi" title="Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi">Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Wuhayshi" title="Nasir al-Wuhayshi">Nasir al-Wuhayshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_al-Fadhli" title="Muhsin al-Fadhli">Muhsin al-Fadhli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khalil_al-Madani" title="Abu Khalil al-Madani">Abu Khalil al-Madani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matiur_Rehman" title="Matiur Rehman">Matiur Rehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Firas_al-Suri" title="Abu Firas al-Suri">Abu Firas al-Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Refai_Taha" title="Ahmed Refai Taha">Ahmed Refai Taha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Belmokhtar" title="Mokhtar Belmokhtar">Mokhtar Belmokhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khayr_al-Masri" title="Abu Khayr al-Masri">Abu Khayr al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Asiri" title="Ibrahim al-Asiri">Ibrahim al-Asiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_Shihab" title="Sari Shihab">Sari Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asim_Umar" title="Asim Umar">Asim Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasim_al-Raymi" title="Qasim al-Raymi">Qasim al-Raymi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelmalek_Droukdel" title="Abdelmalek Droukdel">Abdelmalek Droukdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_al-Aruri" title="Khalid al-Aruri">Khalid al-Aruri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmed_Abdullah" title="Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah">Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhsin_al-Masri" title="Abu Muhsin al-Masri">Abu Muhsin al-Masri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Captured</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamdouh_Mahmud_Salim" title="Mamdouh Mahmud Salim">Mamdouh Mahmud Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadih_el-Hage" title="Wadih el-Hage">Wadih el-Hage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_al-Fawwaz" title="Khalid al-Fawwaz">Khalid al-Fawwaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahim_al-Nashiri" title="Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri">Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_bin_Attash" title="Walid bin Attash">Walid bin Attash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riduan_Isamuddin" title="Riduan Isamuddin">Riduan Isamuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Bahlul" title="Ali al-Bahlul">Ali al-Bahlul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ghailani" title="Ahmed Ghailani">Ahmed Ghailani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Faraj_al-Libbi" title="Abu Faraj al-Libbi">Abu Faraj al-Libbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Setmariam_Nasar" title="Mustafa Setmariam Nasar">Mustafa Setmariam Nasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_al_Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Hadi al Iraqi">Abdul Hadi al Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jafar_Jamal_al-Kahtani" title="Muhammad Jafar Jamal al-Kahtani">Muhammad Jafar Jamal al-Kahtani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Atiq_Awayd_Al_Harbi" title="Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi">Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younis_al-Mauritani" title="Younis al-Mauritani">Younis al-Mauritani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Abu_Ghaith" title="Sulaiman Abu Ghaith">Sulaiman Abu Ghaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Anas_al-Libi" title="Abu Anas al-Libi">Abu Anas al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhanad_Mahmoud_Al_Farekh" title="Muhanad Mahmoud Al Farekh">Muhanad Mahmoud Al Farekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Robow" title="Mukhtar Robow">Mukhtar Robow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Haq" title="Amin al-Haq">Amin al-Haq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_al-Banshiri" title="Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri">Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri</a> (died)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_al-Masri" title="Abu Ubaidah al-Masri">Abu Ubaidah al-Masri</a> (died)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahfouz_Ould_al-Walid" title="Mahfouz Ould al-Walid">Mahfouz Ould al-Walid</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Julani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Julani">Abu Mohammad al-Julani</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Maria_al-Qahtani" title="Abu Maria al-Qahtani">Abu Maria al-Qahtani</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Salama_Mabruk" title="Ahmad Salama Mabruk">Ahmad Salama Mabruk</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Turkistani" title="Abu Omar al-Turkistani">Abu Omar al-Turkistani</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sulayman_al-Muhajir" title="Abu Sulayman al-Muhajir">Abu Sulayman al-Muhajir</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Batarfi" title="Khalid Batarfi">Khalid Batarfi</a> (died)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Al-Qaeda_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Al-Qaeda attacks">Timeline of attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings">1998 United States embassy bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing" title="USS Cole bombing">2000 USS Cole bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">2001 September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Bali_bombings" title="2002 Bali bombings">2002 Bali bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">2005 London bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11,_2007_Algiers_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 11, 2007 Algiers bombings">2007 Algiers bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Danish_embassy_bombing_in_Islamabad" title="2008 Danish embassy bombing in Islamabad">2008 Islamabad Danish embassy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Marriott_Hotel_bombing" title="Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing">2008 Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Amenas_hostage_crisis" title="In Amenas hostage crisis">2013 In Amenas hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate_shopping_mall_attack" title="Westgate shopping mall attack">2013 Westgate shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting">2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garissa_University_College_attack" title="Garissa University College attack">2015 Garissa University College attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bamako_hotel_attack" title="2015 Bamako hotel attack">2015 Bamako hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ouagadougou_attacks" title="2016 Ouagadougou attacks">2016 Ouagadougou attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Grand-Bassam_shootings" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Grand-Bassam shootings">2016 Grand-Bassam shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bamako_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Bamako attack">2016 Bamako attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola_shooting" title="Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting">2019 Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_North-West_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="War in North-West Pakistan">War in North-West Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">drone strikes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a> (Somalia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a> (Yemen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> (North Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Egyptian Islamic Jihad">Egyptian Islamic Jihad</a> (Egypt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent">Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent</a> (Indian subcontinent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin</a> (Mali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurras_al-Din" title="Hurras al-Din">Hurras al-Din</a> (Syria)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charity organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benevolence_International_Foundation" title="Benevolence International Foundation">Benevolence International Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haramain_Foundation" title="Al-Haramain Foundation">Al-Haramain Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda_Handbook" title="Al Qaeda Handbook">Al Qaeda Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Neda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Neda">Al Neda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sahab" title="As-Sahab">As-Sahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fataw%C4%81_of_Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatawā of Osama bin Laden">Fatawā of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspire_(magazine)" title="Inspire (magazine)">Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_(magazine)" title="Al-Khansaa (magazine)">Al-Khansaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_al-Qaeda_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit">Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_Savagery" title="Management of Savagery">Management of Savagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Jihad" title="Voice of Jihad">Voice of Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaedat_al-Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaedat al-Jihad">Qaedat al-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Islamic_Media_Front" title="Global Islamic Media Front">Global Islamic Media Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Videos_and_audio_recordings_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden">Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videos_and_audio_recordings_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing" title="USS Cole bombing">USS Cole bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_safe_house" title="Al-Qaeda safe house">Safe houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy allegations">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Al-Qaeda" title="Category:Al-Qaeda">Category:Al-Qaeda</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Afghanistan&#124;link=Afghanistan_Afghanistan–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template:Afghanistan–United States relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template talk:Afghanistan–United States relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan–United States relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Afghanistan&#124;link=Afghanistan_Afghanistan–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Afghanistan–United States relations">Afghanistan–United States relations</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Afghanistan,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Afghanistan, Washington, D.C.">Embassy of Afghanistan, Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Afghanistan_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Afghanistan to the United States">Ambassadors of Afghanistan to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Kabul" title="Embassy of the United States, Kabul">Embassy of the United States, Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Afghanistan" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Afghanistan">Ambassadors of the United States to Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Inspector_General_for_Afghanistan_Reconstruction" title="Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction">Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Mission_of_Afghanistan_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations">Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_South_and_Central_Asian_Affairs" title="Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs">Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">Operation Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_MIAS" title="Operation MIAS">Operation MIAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Afghanistan_Strategic_Partnership_Agreement" title="U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement">U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" title="United States–Taliban deal">U.S.–Taliban deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_plus_Three" title="Six plus Three">Six plus Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_plus_Two_Group_on_Afghanistan" title="Six plus Two Group on Afghanistan">Six plus Two Group on Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Timeline of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">2011–2016 withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">2020–2021 withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Fall of Kabul (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Afghanistan" title="CIA activities in Afghanistan">CIA activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_Phoenix" title="Task Force Phoenix">Task Force Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_peace_process" title="Afghan peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_in_Afghanistan" title="Reconstruction in Afghanistan">Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_frozen_assets" title="Afghan frozen assets">Afghan frozen assets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Dubs" title="Adolph Dubs">Adolph Dubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Infinite_Reach" title="Operation Infinite Reach">Operation Infinite Reach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Chapman_attack" title="Camp Chapman attack">Camp Chapman attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_attack_on_the_United_States_embassy,_Kabul" title="2011 attack on the United States embassy, Kabul">2011 U.S. embassy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_of_U.S._Marines_urinating_on_Taliban_fighters" title="Video of U.S. Marines urinating on Taliban fighters">Video of U.S. Marines urinating on Taliban fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Afghanistan_Quran_burning_protests" title="2012 Afghanistan Quran burning protests">Quran burning protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_massacre" title="Kandahar massacre">Kandahar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgents%27_bodies_incident" title="Insurgents' bodies incident">Insurgents' bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_attack_on_U.S._consulate_in_Herat" title="2013 attack on U.S. consulate in Herat">2013 U.S. Herat consulate attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Afghan_immigrants_from_the_United_States" title="Deportation of Afghan immigrants from the United States">Deportation of Afghan immigrants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Afghan_detainees_at_Guantanamo_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Afghan detainees at Guantanamo Bay">Afghan Guantanamo Bay detainees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban_Five" title="Taliban Five">Taliban Five</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_for_Afghan_Women_Act" title="Access for Afghan Women Act">Access for Afghan Women Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averting_Loss_of_Life_and_Injury_by_Expediting_SIVs_Act_of_2021" title="Averting Loss of Life and Injury by Expediting SIVs Act of 2021">ALLIES Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Freedom_and_Counter-Proliferation_Act" title="Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act">Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Afghanistan" title="Anti-American sentiment in Afghanistan">Anti-American sentiment in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistanism" title="Afghanistanism">Afghanistanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bost_Airport" title="Bost Airport">Bost Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_International_Airport" title="Kabul International Airport">Kabul International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herat_International_Airport" title="Herat International Airport">Herat International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_International_Airport" title="Kandahar International Airport">Kandahar International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Airport" title="Kunduz Airport">Kunduz Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif_International_Airport" title="Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport">Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Wilson%27s_War:_The_Extraordinary_Story_of_the_Largest_Covert_Operation_in_History" title="Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History">Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_(book)" title="Overthrow (book)">Overthrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_(2022_American_film)" title="Retrograde (2022 American film)">Retrograde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Category:Afghanistan–United States relations">Category:Afghanistan–United States relations</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Afghanistan&#124;link=Afghanistan_Afghanistan–Pakistan_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Pakistan&#124;link=Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Template:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Template talk:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Afghanistan&#124;link=Afghanistan_Afghanistan–Pakistan_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Pakistan&#124;link=Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan relations">Afghanistan–Pakistan relations</a> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Afghanistan,_Islamabad" title="Embassy of Afghanistan, Islamabad">Embassy of Afghanistan, Islamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Afghanistan_to_Pakistan" title="List of ambassadors of Afghanistan to Pakistan">Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Pakistan,_Kabul" title="Embassy of Pakistan, Kabul">Embassy of Pakistan, Kabul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Accord" title="Islamabad Accord">Islamabad Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization_Trade_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Organization Trade Agreement">Trade Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_plus_Three" title="Six plus Three">Six plus Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_plus_Two_Group_on_Afghanistan" title="Six plus Two Group on Afghanistan">Six plus Two Group on Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan_peace_talks" title="Pakistan and Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan peace talks">Pakistan and Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan peace talks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmish" title="2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_skirmishes" title="2024 Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines_Flight_326" title="Pakistan International Airlines Flight 326">Pakistan International Airlines Flight 326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Afghan coup d'état attempt">1990 Afghan coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Peshawar_school_bus_hijacking" title="1994 Peshawar school bus hijacking">1994 Peshawar school bus hijacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_attack_on_the_Embassy_of_Pakistan_in_Kabul,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul, Afghanistan">1995 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul, Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_attack_on_the_Embassy_of_Pakistan_in_Kabul" title="2003 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul">2003 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_attack_on_Pakistan_ambassador_to_Iran" title="2010 attack on Pakistan ambassador to Iran">2010 attack on Pakistan ambassador to Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Peshawar_school_massacre" title="2014 Peshawar school massacre">2014 Peshawar school massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Camp_Badaber_attack" title="2015 Camp Badaber attack">2015 Camp Badaber attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2017_Lahore_suicide_bombing" title="February 2017 Lahore suicide bombing">February 2017 Lahore suicide bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehwan_suicide_bombing" title="Sehwan suicide bombing">Sehwan suicide bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Machh_attack" title="2021 Machh attack">2021 Machh attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_anti-Pakistan_protests" title="2021 anti-Pakistan protests">2021 anti-Pakistan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan" title="2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan">2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chitral_cross-border_attacks" title="2023 Chitral cross-border attacks">2023 Chitral cross-border attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_mujahideen" title="Afghan mujahideen">Afghan mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaber_uprising" title="Badaber uprising">Badaber uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Accords_(1988)" title="Geneva Accords (1988)">Geneva Accords (1988)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_airlift" title="Kunduz airlift">Kunduz airlift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Economic relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Oil_Pipeline" title="Afghanistan Oil Pipeline">Afghanistan Oil Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_Transit_Trade_Agreement" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement">Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA-1000" title="CASA-1000">CASA-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass_Economic_Corridor" title="Khyber Pass Economic Corridor">Khyber Pass Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan%E2%80%93Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan%E2%80%93India_Pipeline" title="Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline">Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-i-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar railway line">Mazar-i-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar railway line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durand_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Durand line">Durand line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_barrier" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border barrier">Border barrier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AfPak" title="AfPak">AfPak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_sports_rivalries" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan sports rivalries">Sports rivalries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqqani_network" title="Haqqani network">Haqqani network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinnah_Hospital,_Kabul" title="Jinnah Hospital, Kabul">Jinnah Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence_activities_in_Afghanistan" title="Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Afghanistan">Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism">Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Tahafuz_Movement" title="Pashtun Tahafuz Movement">Pashtun Tahafuz Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Good_Offices_Mission_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan" title="United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan">United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_622" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 622">United Nations Security Council Resolution 622</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_647" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 647">United Nations Security Council Resolution 647</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Quetta Shura">Quetta Shura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Category:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations">Category:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Pakistan&#124;link=Pakistan_Pakistan–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template:Pakistan–United States relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template talk:Pakistan–United States relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan–United States relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Pakistan&#124;link=Pakistan_Pakistan–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Pakistan–United States relations">Pakistan–United States relations</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Pakistan,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.">Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Pakistan_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Pakistan to the United States">Ambassadors of Pakistan to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Islamabad" title="Embassy of the United States, Islamabad">Embassy of the United States, Islamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Pakistan" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Pakistan">Ambassadors of the United States to Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_the_United_States,_Karachi" title="Consulate General of the United States, Karachi">Consulate General of the United States, Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_the_United_States,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate General of the United States, Lahore">Consulate General of the United States, Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_the_United_States,_Peshawar" title="Consulate General of the United States, Peshawar">Consulate General of the United States, Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Iran,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.">Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interests_Section_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States">Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_South_and_Central_Asian_Affairs" title="Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs">Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Liaquat_Ali_Khan_to_the_United_States" title="State visit by Liaquat Ali Khan to the United States">State visit by Liaquat Ali Khan to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Partnership_with_Pakistan_Act_of_2009" title="Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009">Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pakistan_Agreement" title="Sino-Pakistan Agreement">Sino-Pakistan Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_U.S._embassy_burning_in_Islamabad" title="1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad">1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Sabre_II" title="Project Sabre II">Project Sabre II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_73" title="Pan Am Flight 73">Pan Am Flight 73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_headquarters_shooting" title="CIA headquarters shooting">CIA headquarters shooting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Aimal_Kansi" title="Mir Aimal Kansi">Mir Aimal Kansi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bojinka_plot" title="Bojinka plot">Bojinka plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aafia_Siddiqui" title="Aafia Siddiqui">Aafia Siddiqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.C._Five" title="D.C. Five">D.C. Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2010_U.S_consulate_and_ANP_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2010 U.S consulate and ANP attack">April 2010 U.S consulate and ANP attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Brooks_Faulkner" title="Gary Brooks Faulkner">Gary Brooks Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak_(Pakistan)" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Pakistan)">United States diplomatic cables leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Allen_Davis_incident" title="Raymond Allen Davis incident">Raymond Allen Davis incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbottabad_Commission" title="Abbottabad Commission">Abbottabad Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbottabad_Commission_Report" title="Abbottabad Commission Report">Commission Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memogate_(Pakistan)" title="Memogate (Pakistan)">Memogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakil_Afridi" title="Shakil Afridi">Shakil Afridi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ghulam_Nabi_Fai" title="Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai">Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_NATO_attack_in_Pakistan" title="2011 NATO attack in Pakistan">2011 NATO attack in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettergate" title="Lettergate">Lettergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_detainees_at_Guantanamo_Bay" title="List of Pakistani detainees at Guantanamo Bay">Pakistani Guantanamo Bay detainees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Pakistan–United States military relations">Military relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AfPak" title="AfPak">AfPak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Pakistan" title="CIA activities in Pakistan">CIA activities in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damadola_airstrike" title="Damadola airstrike">Damadola airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenagai_airstrike" title="Chenagai airstrike">Chenagai airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gora_Prai_airstrike" title="Gora Prai airstrike">Gora Prai airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramshah_airstrike" title="Miramshah airstrike">Miramshah airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Makin_airstrike" title="2009 Makin airstrike">2009 Makin airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datta_Khel_airstrike" title="Datta Khel airstrike">Datta Khel airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqqani_network" title="Haqqani network">Haqqani network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence_activities_in_the_United_States" title="Inter-Services Intelligence activities in the United States">Inter-Services Intelligence activities in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">Operation Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%27s_role_in_the_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan's role in the War on Terror">Pakistan's role in the War on Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_skirmishes" title="Pakistan–United States skirmishes">Skirmishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Datta_Khel_incident" title="Datta Khel incident">Datta Khel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurram_incident" title="Kurram incident">Kurram incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowara_Madi_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowara Madi incident">Lowara Madi incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanai_incident" title="Tanai incident">Tanai incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_74" title="Task Force 74">Task Force 74</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_airlift" title="Kunduz airlift">Kunduz airlift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_logistics_in_the_Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO logistics in the Afghan War">NATO logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cannonball" title="Operation Cannonball">Operation Cannonball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1953_American_Karakoram_expedition" title="1953 American Karakoram expedition">1953 American Karakoram expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_aid_to_Pakistan" title="United States aid to Pakistan">United States aid to Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Pakistan" title="Anti-American sentiment in Pakistan">Anti-American sentiment in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Ahmad_(camel_driver)" title="Bashir Ahmad (camel driver)">Bashir Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_lobby_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani lobby in the United States">Pakistani lobby in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism">Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_School_System" title="American International School System">American International School System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Islamabad" title="International School of Islamabad">International School of Islamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachi_American_School" title="Karachi American School">Karachi American School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_American_School" title="Lahore American School">Lahore American School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Wilson%27s_War:_The_Extraordinary_Story_of_the_Largest_Covert_Operation_in_History" title="Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History">Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History</a>'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Duel:_Pakistan_on_the_Flight_Path_of_American_Power" title="The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power">The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" 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[\"CITEREFBruce_Pannier2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrunnstromRyan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurki2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCall2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaro2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandrasekaren2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChouvy2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristi_ParsonsKathleen_Hennessey2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColl2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColl2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColl2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFConstable2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorenSidhuListerBina2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaalderLindsay2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDadouchGeorgeLamothe2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDamien_Pearse_and_agencies2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarack,_Ed2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarack2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_P._AuerswaldStephen_M._Saideman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeYoung2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Luce2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_LuceYusufzaiSmith2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeclan_Walsh2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoherty2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonati2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDwyer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhsan_Qaane2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElise_LabottMike_Mount2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmma_Graham-Harrison2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEric_Schmitt2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFantz2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarmer2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarmer2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFelbab-Brown2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFilkins2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFilkins2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGabriela_Motroc2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGall2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGall2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGall2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGall2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGannon2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaouetteHanslerStarrLiebermann2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGargan2001\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGarrisonShesgreenBrook2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGebauerGoetzHoyngKoelbl2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGhoshThompson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibbons-NeffKatzenberg2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGirardet2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiustozzi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiustozzi2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiustozzi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGolovnina2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordts2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGresham2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamdard2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarding2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarooni2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHigginsMashal2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHodge2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuylebroekBlue2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIslam2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIslamabad2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson_and_Weigand2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanie_Lorber2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJason_Straziulo2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJennifer_GriffinJustin_Fishel2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonKasolowskyPerryLiffey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJolly2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKORTE2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKabul2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKapur\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaren_DeYoungJonathan_Weisman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarzai2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKegleyShannon_L_Blanton2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeppelMilelliGhazaleh2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaPorta2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamothe2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamothe2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanday2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandlerCooper2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandlerRubin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeKube2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoyn2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLyman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacMannisScott\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalkasian2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMarcela_Grad2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMark_LandlerMichael_R._Gordon2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMark_LandlerMichael_R._Gordon2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMashal2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMashal2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasoud_Popalzai_and_Jethro_Mullen2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthias_Gebauer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_CoxDoug_Stokes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillerMadhani2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillerTate2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoghadam,_Valentine_M.2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNATO2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNelson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNelson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNic_Robertson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordland2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordland2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordlandBumillerRosenberg2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorton-Taylor2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;DonnellShawUllom\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPage2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaigham2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPanetta2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPannettFrancisBergerWestfall2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPartlow2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerlezCooper2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhil_Stewart2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQadir_Sediqi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamachandran2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaofi2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRashid2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRashid2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRefugees\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRhode2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRisen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_Burns2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_M._Cassidy_()2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertsonWallace\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRod_Nordland2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoggio2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRohde2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothstein,_Hy_S2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothwellKhanSarwary2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaikal2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamantha_BeechDevan_Cole\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSangerMashal2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSatia2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmitt2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchuknecht2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott_WilsonDavid_Nakamur2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott_WilsonKaren_DeYoung2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSediqi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahNordland2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheerin,_Jude2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith_S_et_al.2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSommerville2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewartAliHolland2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSune_Engel_Rasmussen2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSyal2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Associated_Press\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThom_ShankerGraham_Bowley2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThourni2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTim_Golden2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTisdall2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTohid,_OwiasBaldauf,_Scott2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTowler2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanden_Brook2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVulliamyWintourTraynorAhmed2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWadhams2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaldman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatkins2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeigand2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeigand2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWhitlock2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitlock2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitlockMiller2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodward2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXu2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYaad2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZahra-Malik2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFدوزور\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 6,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Afghanistan War\"] = 1,\n [\"Afghanistan–Pakistan relations\"] = 1,\n [\"Afghanistan–United States relations\"] = 1,\n [\"Al-Qaeda\"] = 1,\n [\"Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 10,\n [\"Citation\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 32,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 250,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 170,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Fraction\"] = 1,\n [\"Full citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 5,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Legend\"] = 4,\n [\"Main\"] = 17,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"Military history of Pakistan\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes bottom\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes top\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pakistan–United States relations\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Post-Cold War Asian conflicts\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Presidency of Barack Obama\"] = 1,\n [\"Presidency of George W. Bush\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 26,\n [\"See also\"] = 5,\n [\"September 11 attacks\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 10,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Taliban\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 2,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) infobox\"] = 1,\n [\"War on terror\"] = 1,\n [\"Wars and battles involving Croatia\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 19,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","700","17.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","440","10.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","7.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","300","7.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","280","6.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","280","6.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","200","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","200","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","180","4.4"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","100","2.5"],["[others]","1100","27.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-744c7589dd-vs5lv","timestamp":"20241125094020","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"War in Afghanistan (2001\u20132021)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q182865","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q182865","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-05T00:32:55Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T15:39:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/94\/U.S._Army_firefight_in_Kunar.jpg","headline":"2001 conflict between NATO Western forces and the Taliban"}</script> </body> </html>