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<span>Studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Selected publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Osamu Shimomura</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="أوسامو شيمومورا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوسامو شيمومورا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_%C5%9Eimomura" title="Osamu Şimomura – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Osamu Şimomura" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="اسامو شیمومورا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اسامو شیمومورا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="ওসামু শিমোমুরা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওসামু শিমোমুরা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simomura_Osamu" title="Simomura Osamu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Simomura Osamu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Асаму Сімамура – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асаму Сімамура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Осаму Шимомура – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Осаму Шимомура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_%C5%A0imomura" title="Osamu Šimomura – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osamu Šimomura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Οσάμου Σιμομούρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οσάμου Σιμομούρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="اسامو شیمومورا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسامو شیمومورا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimomura_Osamu" title="Shimomura Osamu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Shimomura Osamu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AA%A8%EB%AC%B4%EB%9D%BC_%EC%98%A4%EC%82%AC%EB%AC%B4" title="시모무라 오사무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시모무라 오사무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%87%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Օսամու Շիմոմուրա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսամու Շիմոմուրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="אוסאמו שיממורה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסאמו שיממורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ოსამუ შიმომურა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსამუ შიმომურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamo_Shimomura" title="Osamo Shimomura – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Osamo Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simomura_Oszamu" title="Simomura Oszamu – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Simomura Oszamu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ოსამუ შიმომურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოსამუ შიმომურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="اوسامو شيمومورا (عالم احياء بحريه من امريكا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوسامو شيمومورا (عالم احياء بحريه من امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="اسامو شیمومورا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسامو شیمومورا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%9D%91%E8%84%A9" title="下村脩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="下村脩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="اوسامو شیمومورا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوسامو شیمومورا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Симомура, Осаму – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Симомура, Осаму" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_%C5%A0imomura" title="Osamu Šimomura – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Osamu Šimomura" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Осаму Шимомура – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Осаму Шимомура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Осаму Шимомура – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Осаму Шимомура" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Сімомура Осаму – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сімомура Осаму" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="اوسامو شمومورا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوسامو شمومورا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimomura_Osamu" title="Shimomura Osamu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shimomura Osamu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Osamu Shimomura" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%9D%91%E8%84%A9" title="下村脩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="下村脩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%9D%91%E8%84%A9" title="下村脩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="下村脩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese organic chemist and marine biologist (1928–2018)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Japanese economist, see <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura_(economist)" title="Osamu Shimomura (economist)">Osamu Shimomura (economist)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The native form of this <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal name</a> is <i>Shimomura Osamu</i>. This article uses <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order" title="Personal name">Western name order</a> when mentioning individuals.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Osamu Shimomura</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">下村脩</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Osamu_Shimomura-press_conference_Dec_06th,_2008-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Osamu_Shimomura-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-2.jpg/220px-Osamu_Shimomura-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Osamu_Shimomura-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-2.jpg/330px-Osamu_Shimomura-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Osamu_Shimomura-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-2.jpg/440px-Osamu_Shimomura-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3333" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Shimomura in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1928-08-27</span>)</span>August 27, 1928<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Fukuchiyama" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukuchiyama">Fukuchiyama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 19, 2018<span style="display:none">(2018-10-19)</span> (aged 90)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Japanese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_University" title="Nagasaki University">Nagasaki University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_University" title="Nagoya University">Nagoya University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Prize" title="Asahi Prize">Asahi Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Golden_Goose_Award" title="Golden Goose Award">Golden Goose Award</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2012)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">Organic chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Boston University School of Medicine">Boston University School of Medicine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marine_Biological_Laboratory" title="Marine Biological Laboratory">Marine Biological Laboratory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-opac.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/webopac/TW50102921"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style><span class="noitalic">海ホタルルシフェリンの構造</span></a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1960)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yoshimasa_Hirata" title="Yoshimasa Hirata">Yoshimasa Hirata</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Osamu Shimomura</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">下村脩</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Shimomura Osamu</i></span>, August 27, 1928 – October 19, 2018<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</span> was a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic chemist">organic chemist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_biologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine biologist">marine biologist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Professor_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor emeritus">professor emeritus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marine_Biological_Laboratory" title="Marine Biological Laboratory">Marine Biological Laboratory</a> (MBL) in <a href="/wiki/Woods_Hole,_Massachusetts" title="Woods Hole, Massachusetts">Woods Hole, Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Boston University School of Medicine">Boston University School of Medicine</a>. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> in 2008 for the discovery and development of <a href="/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein" title="Green fluorescent protein">green fluorescent protein</a> (GFP) with two American scientists: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> of Columbia University and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Tsien</a> of the University of California-San Diego.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th,_2008-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg/220px-Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg/330px-Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg/440px-Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3327" data-file-height="2299" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Tsien">Roger Tsien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a>, Osamu Shimomura, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Makoto Kobayashi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Toshihide Masukawa</a>, Nobel Prize Laureates 2008, at a press conference at the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Academy of Science">Swedish Academy of Science</a> in Stockholm.</figcaption></figure> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Fukuchiyama,_Kyoto" title="Fukuchiyama, Kyoto">Fukuchiyama, Kyoto</a> in 1928, Shimomura was brought up in <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>, China) and <a href="/wiki/Osaka,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Osaka, Japan">Osaka, Japan</a> while his father served as an officer in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a>. Later, his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Isahaya,_Nagasaki" title="Isahaya, Nagasaki">Isahaya, Nagasaki</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-aglow_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aglow-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 25 km from the epicenter of the August 1945 <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombing_of_Nagasaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bombing of Nagasaki">atomic bombing of the city</a>. He recalled hearing, as a 16-year-old boy, the bomber plane <i><a href="/wiki/Bockscar" title="Bockscar">Bockscar</a></i> before the atom bomb exploded.<sup id="cite_ref-nobel1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The explosion flash blinded Shimomura for about thirty seconds, and he was later drenched by the "black rain" bomb fallout.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He overcame great odds in the following 11 years to earn an education and achieve academic success.<sup id="cite_ref-aglow_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aglow-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shimomura's education opportunities were starkly limited in devastated, post-war Japan. Although he later recalled having no interest in the subject,<sup id="cite_ref-nobel1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he enrolled in the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Nagasaki Medical College (now <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_University" title="Nagasaki University">Nagasaki University</a> School of Pharmaceutical Sciences).<sup id="cite_ref-woodshole1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodshole1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Medical College campus had been entirely destroyed by the atomic bomb blast, forcing the pharmacy school to relocate to a temporary campus near Shimomura's home. This proximity was the fortuitous reason he embarked upon the studies and career which would ultimately lead to unanticipated rewards.<sup id="cite_ref-nobel1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shimomura was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a> degree in pharmacy in 1951, and he stayed on as a lab assistant through 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-nobel1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shimomura's mentor at Nagasaki helped him find employment as an assistant to Professor <a href="/wiki/Yoshimasa_Hirata" title="Yoshimasa Hirata">Yoshimasa Hirata</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nagoya_University" title="Nagoya University">Nagoya University</a> in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-woodshole1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodshole1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While working for Professor Hirata, he received a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a> degree in organic chemistry in 1958 and, before leaving Japan for an appointment at Princeton University, a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> in organic chemistry in 1960 at Nagoya University.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Nagoya, Hirata assigned Shimomura the challenging task of determining what made the crushed remains of a type of <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustacean</a> (Jp. <i>umi-hotaru</i>, lit. "sea-firefly", <i><a href="/wiki/Vargula_hilgendorfii" title="Vargula hilgendorfii">Vargula hilgendorfii</a></i>) glow when moistened with water. This assignment led Shimomura to the successful identification of the protein causing the phenomenon, and he published the preliminary findings in the <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Chemical_Society_of_Japan" title="Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan">Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan</a></i> in a paper titled "Crystalline Cypridina luciferin." The article caught the attention of Professor Frank Johnson at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, and Johnson successfully recruited Shimomura to work with him in 1960. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Studies">Studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shimomura worked in the department of biology at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> for Professor Johnson to study the <a href="/wiki/Bioluminescence" title="Bioluminescence">bioluminescent</a> jellyfish <i><a href="/wiki/Aequorea_victoria" title="Aequorea victoria">Aequorea victoria</a></i>, which they collected during many summers at the <a href="/wiki/Friday_Harbor_Laboratories" title="Friday Harbor Laboratories">Friday Harbor Laboratories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-princeton_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-princeton-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962, their work culminated in the discovery of the proteins <a href="/wiki/Aequorin" title="Aequorin">aequorin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein" title="Green fluorescent protein">green fluorescent protein</a> (GFP) in <i>A. victoria</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for this work, he was awarded a third of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His wife, Akemi, whom Shimomura met at <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_University" title="Nagasaki University">Nagasaki University</a>, is also an organic chemist and was a partner in his research activities. Their son, <a href="/wiki/Tsutomu_Shimomura" title="Tsutomu Shimomura">Tsutomu Shimomura</a>, is a computer security expert who was involved in the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Mitnick" title="Kevin Mitnick">Kevin Mitnick</a>. Their daughter, Sachi Shimomura, is director of Undergraduate Studies for the English Department at <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a> and the author of <i>Odd Bodies and Visible Ends in Medieval Literature</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shimomura died on October 19, 2018, of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> in Nagasaki. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2004 – Pearse Prize, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Microscopical_Society" title="Royal Microscopical Society">Royal Microscopical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005 – Emile Chamot Award<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006 – <a href="/wiki/Asahi_Prize" title="Asahi Prize">Asahi Prize</a></li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Culture" title="Order of Culture">Order of Culture</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Person_of_Cultural_Merit" title="Person of Cultural Merit">Person of Cultural Merit</a></li> <li>2012 – <a href="/wiki/Golden_Goose_Award" title="Golden Goose Award">Golden Goose Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 – Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">United States National Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li>2018 – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_court_ranks,_positions_and_hereditary_titles" title="List of Japanese court ranks, positions and hereditary titles">Junior third rank</a> (posthumous)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Books</b> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles And Methods</i> (Revised ed.). <a href="/wiki/World_Scientific_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="World Scientific Publishing Company">World Scientific Publishing Company</a>. 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4366-08-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4366-08-3"><bdi>978-981-4366-08-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bioluminescence%3A+Chemical+Principles+And+Methods&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=World+Scientific+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-981-4366-08-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-worldscibooks_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldscibooks-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"> <bdi lang="ja">クラゲに学ぶ : ノーベル賞への道</bdi> [<i>Learning from Jellyfish: The Path to the Nobel Prize</i>] (in Japanese). Nagasaki Literature. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-88851-157-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-88851-157-5"><bdi>978-4-88851-157-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B2%E3%81%AB%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%B6+%3A+%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E8%B3%9E%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E9%81%93&rft.pub=Nagasaki+Literature&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-4-88851-157-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Papers</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYasanugaShimomura1954" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script">Yasanuga, Shungo; Shimomura, Osamu (July 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1248%2Fyakushi1947.74.7_778"><bdi lang="ja">無機クロマトグラフィーに関する研究 (第6報):滬紙通電クロマトグラフィーの装置について</bdi></a> [Studies on Inorganic Chromatography (Part 6): Apparatus for Electrochromatography on Paper]. <i>Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan</i>. <b>74</b> (7): 778–780. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1248%2Fyakushi1947.74.7_778">10.1248/yakushi1947.74.7_778</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-6903">0031-6903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Pharmaceutical+Society+of+Japan&rft.atitle=%E7%84%A1%E6%A9%9F%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%88%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6+%28%E7%AC%AC6%E5%A0%B1%29%3A%E6%BB%AC%E7%B4%99%E9%80%9A%E9%9B%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%88%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=778-780&rft.date=1954-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1248%2Fyakushi1947.74.7_778&rft.issn=0031-6903&rft.aulast=Yasanuga&rft.aufirst=Shungo&rft.au=Shimomura%2C+Osamu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1248%252Fyakushi1947.74.7_778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.76.973"><bdi lang="ja">口紙電気泳動に関する研究 (第3報) 難溶性塩および錯イオンの生成時における濃度-泳動度曲線について</bdi></a> [Study on Oral Electrophoresis (Part 3) Concentration-Magnetic Mobility Curves in Formation of Poorly Soluble Salts and Complex Ions]. <i>Chemistry Journal of Japan</i>. <b>76</b> (9): 973–977. 1955. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.76.973">10.1246/nikkashi1948.76.973</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0369-5387">0369-5387</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+Journal+of+Japan&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%A3%E7%B4%99%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E6%B3%B3%E5%8B%95%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6+%28%E7%AC%AC3%E5%A0%B1%29+%E9%9B%A3%E6%BA%B6%E6%80%A7%E5%A1%A9%E3%81%8A%E3%82%88%E3%81%B3%E9%8C%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%99%82%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6-%E6%B3%B3%E5%8B%95%E5%BA%A6%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9A%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=973-977&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.76.973&rft.issn=0369-5387&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1246%252Fnikkashi1948.76.973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.76.277"><bdi lang="ja">アニリン誘導体およびフェエノール誘導体のロ紙電気泳動について</bdi></a> [Study on Oral Electrophoresis of Aniline Derivatives and Phenol Derivatives]. <i>Chemistry Journal of Japan</i>. <b>76</b> (3): 277–281. 1955. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.76.277">10.1246/nikkashi1948.76.277</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+Journal+of+Japan&rft.atitle=%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%98%E5%B0%8E%E4%BD%93%E3%81%8A%E3%82%88%E3%81%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%AA%98%E5%B0%8E%E4%BD%93%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AD%E7%B4%99%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E6%B3%B3%E5%8B%95%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=277-281&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.76.277&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1246%252Fnikkashi1948.76.277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirataEguchiShimomura1959" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a href="/wiki/Yoshimasa_Hirata" title="Yoshimasa Hirata">Hirata, Yoshimasa</a>; Eguchi, Shoji; Shimomura, Osamu (October 17, 1959). <bdi lang="ja">海ホタルルシフェリンの構造</bdi> [Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin]. <i>Proceedings of the Symposium on Natural Organic Compounds</i>. <b>3</b>: 83–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24496%2Ftennenyuki.3.0_83">10.24496/tennenyuki.3.0_83</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Natural+Organic+Compounds&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%B7%E3%83%9B%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=83-93&rft.date=1959-10-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24496%2Ftennenyuki.3.0_83&rft.aulast=Hirata&rft.aufirst=Yoshimasa&rft.au=Eguchi%2C+Shoji&rft.au=Shimomura%2C+Osamu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.81.179"><bdi lang="ja">海ホタルルシフェリンの構造(第2～3報) (第2報)海ホタルルシフェリンの性質および分子式について</bdi></a> [Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin (Part 2–3) (Part 2) Properties and Molecular Formula of Sea Firefly Luciferin]. <i>Chemical Journal of Japan</i>. <b>81</b> (1): 179–182. 1960. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.81.179">10.1246/nikkashi1948.81.179</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Journal+of+Japan&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%B7%E3%83%9B%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%28%E7%AC%AC2%EF%BD%9E3%E5%A0%B1%29+%28%E7%AC%AC2%E5%A0%B1%29%E6%B5%B7%E3%83%9B%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA%E3%81%8A%E3%82%88%E3%81%B3%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%8F%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=179-182&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.81.179&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1246%252Fnikkashi1948.81.179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="ja">海ホタルルシフェリンの構造(第2～3報) (第3報)海ホタルルシフェリンおよびヒドロルシフェリンの推定構造</bdi> [Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin (Parts 2–3) (Part 3) Predicted Structures of Sea Firefly Luciferin and Hydroluciferin]. <i>Chemistry Journal of Japan</i>. <b>81</b> (1): 182–185. 1960. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.81.182">10.1246/nikkashi1948.81.182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+Journal+of+Japan&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%B7%E3%83%9B%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%28%E7%AC%AC2%EF%BD%9E3%E5%A0%B1%29+%28%E7%AC%AC3%E5%A0%B1%29%E6%B5%B7%E3%83%9B%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%81%8A%E3%82%88%E3%81%B3%E3%83%92%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%8E%A8%E5%AE%9A%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=182-185&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.81.182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="ja">緑色蛍光たんぱく質GFPは天の恵みか?</bdi> [Is green fluorescent protein GFP a godsend?]. <i>Acta anatomica Nipponica</i>. <b>85</b> (3). September 1, 2010. 99-106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+anatomica+Nipponica&rft.atitle=%E7%B7%91%E8%89%B2%E8%9B%8D%E5%85%89%E3%81%9F%E3%82%93%E3%81%B1%E3%81%8F%E8%B3%AAGFP%E3%81%AF%E5%A4%A9%E3%81%AE%E6%81%B5%E3%81%BF%E3%81%8B%3F&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2010-09-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px 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Aquarium">Kamo Aquarium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2018" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (24 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/24/obituaries/osamu-shimomura-dead.html">"Osamu Shimomura, 90, Dies; Won Nobel for Finding a Glowing Protein"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Osamu+Shimomura%2C+90%2C+Dies%3B+Won+Nobel+for+Finding+a+Glowing+Protein&rft.date=2018-10-24&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F10%2F24%2Fobituaries%2Fosamu-shimomura-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/press.html">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008"</a>. The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2008&rft.pub=The+Official+Web+Site+of+the+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2008%2Fpress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aglow-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aglow_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aglow_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/PIEAGL.html">"Aglow in the Dark: The Revolutionary Science of Biofluorescence"</a>. <i>Harvard University Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+University+Press&rft.atitle=Aglow+in+the+Dark%3A+The+Revolutionary+Science+of+Biofluorescence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog%2FPIEAGL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobel1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobel1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobel1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobel1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobel1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nobelprize.org: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/shimomura-lecture.html">Nobel laureate lecture.</a> December 8, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/shimomura-telephone.html">"Osamu Shimomura The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 Interview"</a>. The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Osamu+Shimomura+The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2008+Interview&rft.pub=The+Official+Web+Site+of+the+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2008%2Fshimomura-telephone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-woodshole1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-woodshole1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-woodshole1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2008/10/woods_hole_cell.html">"Woods Hole cell biologist wins Nobel Prize"</a>. <i>boston.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=boston.com&rft.atitle=Woods+Hole+cell+biologist+wins+Nobel+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbreaking_news%2F2008%2F10%2Fwoods_hole_cell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/en/index1_081008nobel.html">"Former Associate Professor Osamu Shimomura Wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry"</a>. Nagoya university<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Associate+Professor+Osamu+Shimomura+Wins+the+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry&rft.pub=Nagoya+university&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nagoya-u.ac.jp%2Fen%2Findex1_081008nobel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219231239/http://www2.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~common/005Overview/nobel2008.phtml">"下村脩先生が2008年ノーベル化学賞をご受賞"</a>. Nagoya University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/%7Ecommon/005Overview/nobel2008.phtml">the original</a> on 2008-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8B%E6%9D%91%E8%84%A9%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E3%81%8C2008%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%B3%9E%E3%82%92%E3%81%94%E5%8F%97%E8%B3%9E&rft.pub=Nagoya+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp%2F%257Ecommon%2F005Overview%2Fnobel2008.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-princeton-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-princeton_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S22/34/86O07/index.xml?section=topstories">"Nobel goes to former Princeton researcher for discovery made here"</a>. <i>princeton.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=princeton.edu&rft.atitle=Nobel+goes+to+former+Princeton+researcher+for+discovery+made+here&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2Fmain%2Fnews%2Farchive%2FS22%2F34%2F86O07%2Findex.xml%3Fsection%3Dtopstories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conncoll.edu/ccacad/zimmer/GFP-ww/shimomura.html">"GFP History"</a>. Marc Zimmer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GFP+History&rft.pub=Marc+Zimmer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conncoll.edu%2Fccacad%2Fzimmer%2FGFP-ww%2Fshimomura.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rms.org.uk/discover-engage/competitions-awards/the-pearse-prize.html">"About the Pearse Prize"</a>. Royal Microscopical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Pearse+Prize&rft.pub=Royal+Microscopical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rms.org.uk%2Fdiscover-engage%2Fcompetitions-awards%2Fthe-pearse-prize.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210191353/http://www.smsi.org/awards2005.shtml">"Emile Chamot Award Recipient"</a>. State Microscopical Society of Illinois. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smsi.org/awards2005.shtml">the original</a> on 2008-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emile+Chamot+Award+Recipient&rft.pub=State+Microscopical+Society+of+Illinois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smsi.org%2Fawards2005.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20081029TDY01304.htm">"Donald Keene, 7 others win Order of Culture,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081030050218/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20081029TDY01304.htm">Archived</a> 2008-10-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Yomiuri Shimbun.</i> October 29, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909231925/http://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/200352el6rpcnd3yibqw96m4yxtpvu">"Green Fluorescent Protein"</a>. The Golden Goose Award. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/200352el6rpcnd3yibqw96m4yxtpvu">the original</a> on 2015-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Fluorescent+Protein&rft.pub=The+Golden+Goose+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldengooseaward.org%2Fawardees%2F200352el6rpcnd3yibqw96m4yxtpvu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldscibooks-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-worldscibooks_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120710234347/http://www.worldscibooks.com/lifesci/8239.html">"Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles and Methods"</a>. <i>World Scientific</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldscibooks.com/lifesci/8239.html">the original</a> on 2012-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Scientific&rft.atitle=Bioluminescence%3A+Chemical+Principles+and+Methods&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldscibooks.com%2Flifesci%2F8239.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsamu+Shimomura" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/829">Osamu Shimomura</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205345#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> including the Nobel lecture <i>Discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Japanese Nobel laureates and nominees">Japanese Nobel laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryōji Noyori</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> (2002)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Osamu Shimomura</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Hideki Yukawa</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Shin'ichirō Tomonaga</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Makoto Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Hiroshi Amano</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Takaaki Kajita</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Satoshi Ōmura</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Yoshinori Ohsumi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Tasuku Honjo</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2008_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2008 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:2008 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2008_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2008 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Osamu Shimomura</a> (Japan/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a> (Finland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Makoto Kobayashi</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a> (United States/Japan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Harald zur Hausen</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2003_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2003 Nobel Prize winners">2003</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2004 Nobel Prize winners">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2005_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2005 Nobel Prize winners">2005</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2006 Nobel Prize winners">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2007_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2007 Nobel Prize winners">2007</a></dd> <dd><b>2008 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2009_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2009 Nobel Prize winners">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2010 Nobel Prize winners">2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2011 Nobel Prize winners">2011</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2012 Nobel Prize winners">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2013 Nobel Prize winners">2013</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205345#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205345#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205345#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109723414">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/52869543">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1994171/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtxdvhg6fXXwJTHd9Vgrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/133160033">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2006053823">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01167542">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20081021008&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/7023928">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000215908&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jgvz3wj23jlqq08">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007445330005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA16454029?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/119177072">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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