CINXE.COM

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id="pjax-well" class="container page-content-area"> <div class="pjax-container"> <section class="page-section biographical"> <aside class="page-aside border-top"> <header class="header"> <h5 class="heading"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/summary/"> The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 </a> </h5> </header> <nav class="aside-navigation aside-navigation--desktop" aria-label="In Page Navigation"> <ul class="aside-navigation__list"><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/summary/" aria-current="false" > Summary </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item">Laureates<ul class="aside-navigation__list"><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/shimomura/facts/" aria-current="false" > Osamu Shimomura </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/chalfie/facts/" aria-current="false" > Martin Chalfie </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/tsien/facts/" aria-current="false" > Roger Y. Tsien </a> </li></ul></li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/prize-announcement/" aria-current="false" > Prize announcement </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/press-release/" aria-current="page" > Press release </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/advanced-information/" aria-current="false" > Advanced information </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/popular-information/" aria-current="false" > Popular information </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/illustrated-information/" aria-current="false" > Illustrated information </a> </li><li class="aside-navigation__list-item"> <a 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value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/summary/"> Summary</option><optgroup label=" Laureates"><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/shimomura/facts/">- Osamu Shimomura</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/chalfie/facts/">- Martin Chalfie</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/tsien/facts/">- Roger Y. Tsien</option></optgroup><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/prize-announcement/"> Prize announcement</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/press-release/" disabled selected> Press release</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/advanced-information/"> Advanced information</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/popular-information/"> Popular information</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/illustrated-information/"> Illustrated information</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/speedread/"> Speed read</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/award-video/"> Award ceremony video</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/ceremony-speech/"> Award ceremony speech</option><option value="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/banquet-video/"> Banquet video</option></select> <h5><b>English</b><br /><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/9167-pressmeddelande-nobelpriset-i-kemi-2008/">Swedish</a><br /><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/press-jap.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Japanese (pdf)</a></h5> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-6163 size-full" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/kva-logo-102.gif" alt="Logo" width="266" height="68" /></p> <p>8 October 2008</p> <p><a href="http://www.kva.se/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a> has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2008 jointly to</p> <p><b>Osamu Shimomura, </b>Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, USA and Boston University Medical School, MA, USA,</p> <p><b>Martin Chalfie</b>, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</p> <p>and</p> <p><b>Roger Y. Tsien</b>, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA</p> <p><em>“for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP”.</em></p> <h2>Glowing proteins – a guiding star for biochemistry</h2> <p>The remarkable brightly glowing green fluorescent protein, GFP, was first observed in the beautiful jellyfish, <em>Aequorea victoria</em> in 1962. Since then, this protein has become one of the most important tools used in contemporary bioscience. With the aid of GFP, researchers have developed ways to watch processes that were previously invisible, such as the development of nerve cells in the brain or how cancer cells spread.</p> <p>Tens of thousands of different proteins reside in a living organism, controlling important chemical processes in minute detail. If this protein machinery malfunctions, illness and disease often follow. That is why it has been imperative for bioscience to map the role of different proteins in the body.</p> <p>This year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry rewards the initial discovery of GFP and a series of important developments which have led to its use as a tagging tool in bioscience. By using DNA technology, researchers can now connect GFP to other interesting, but otherwise invisible, proteins. This glowing marker allows them to watch the movements, positions and interactions of the tagged proteins.</p> <p>Researchers can also follow the fate of various cells with the help of GFP: nerve cell damage during Alzheimer’s disease or how insulin-producing beta cells are created in the pancreas of a growing embryo. In one spectacular experiment, researchers succeeded in tagging different nerve cells in the brain of a mouse with a kaleidoscope of colours.</p> <p>The story behind the discovery of GFP is one with the three Nobel Prize Laureates in the leading roles:</p> <p><b>Osamu Shimomura</b> first isolated GFP from the jellyfish <em>Aequorea victoria,</em> which drifts with the currents off the west coast of North America. He discovered that this protein glowed bright green under ultraviolet light.</p> <p><b>Martin Chalfie</b> demonstrated the value of GFP as a luminous genetic tag for various biological phenomena. In one of his first experiments, he coloured six individual cells in the transparent roundworm <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> with the aid of GFP.</p> <p><b>Roger Y. Tsien</b> contributed to our general understanding of how GFP fluoresces. He also extended the colour palette beyond green allowing researchers to give various proteins and cells different colours. This enables scientists to follow several different biological processes at the same time.</p> <p><b>Read more about this year’s prize</b></p> <p><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/popular-chemistryprize2008.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Information for the Public </a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2013/06/advanced-chemistryprize2008.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scientific Background</a></p> <p><a href="/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/chemreading.html">Links and Further Reading</a></p> <p><b>Osamu Shimomura</b>, Japanese citizen. Born 1928 in Kyoto, Japan. Ph.D. in organic chemistry 1960 from Nagoya University, Japan. Professor emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, USA and Boston University Medical School, MA, USA.<br /><a href="http://www.conncoll.edu/ccacad/zimmer/GFP-ww/shimomura.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.conncoll.edu/ccacad/zimmer/GFP-ww/shimomura.html</a></p> <p><b>Martin Chalfie</b>, US citizen. Born 1947 in Chicago, IL, USA. Ph.D. in physiology 1977 from Harvard University. William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Biological Sciences at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, since 1982.<br />http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/faculty-data/martin-chalfie/faculty.html</p> <p><b>Roger Y. Tsien</b>, US citizen. Born 1952 in New York, NY, USA. Ph.D. in physiology 1977 from Cambridge University, UK. Professor and Investigator at Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, since 1989.<br />www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu</p> <p><b>The Prize amount: </b>SEK 10 million to be shared equally between the Laureates</p> <p><b>Contacts: </b>Erik Huss, Press Officer, phone +46 8 673 95 44, +46 70 673 96 50, <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5431263d3f7a3c212727143f22357a2731"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="d5b0a7bcbefbbda0a6a695bea3b4fba6b0">[email protected]</span></a><br />Annika Moberg, Editor, phone +46 8 673 95 22, +46 70 263 74 46, <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#2c4d424245474d0241434e495e4b6c475a4d025f49"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="a5c4cbcbcccec48bc8cac7c0d7c2e5ced3c48bd6c0">[email protected]</span></a></p> <p class="smalltext">The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organization whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines.</p> <footer class="border-top pagecite" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/citation"> <p> To cite this section <br> MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Wed. 27 Nov 2024. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/press-release/> </p> </footer> <div class="back-to-top"> <a href="#content" class="back-top-link"> Back to top </a> <svg width="18px" height="15px" viewBox="0 0 20 17" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" role="image" aria-labelledby="back-to-top-title back-to-top-desc"> <title id="back-to-top-title">Back To Top</title> <desc id="back-to-top-desc">Takes users back to the top of the page</desc> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g transform="translate(-474.000000, -9998.000000)" fill="#2E2A25"> <g transform="translate(474.000000, 9998.000000)"> <g transform="translate(10.000000, 10.000000) rotate(45.000000) translate(-10.000000, -10.000000) translate(3.000000, 3.000000)"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="2" height="14"></rect> <rect x="0" y="0" width="14" height="2"></rect> </g> <rect x="9" y="3" width="2" height="14"></rect> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </article>  </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-half-width-a "> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Nobel Prizes and laureates</h3> </header> <article class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/all-nobel-prizes-2024/"> <p>Nobel Prizes 2024</p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>Six prizes were awarded for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. 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