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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery_of_neptunium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery_of_neptunium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Discovery of neptunium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_of_neptunium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إدوين ماكميلان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدوين ماكميلان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvin_Makmillan" title="Edvin Makmillan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Edvin Makmillan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ادوین مک‌میلان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ادوین مک‌میلان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="এডউইন মাটিসন ম্যাকমিলান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এডউইন মাটিসন ম্যাকমিলান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эдвін Матысан Мак-Мілан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эдвін Матысан Мак-Мілан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Едуин Макмилан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Едуин Макмилан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edwin Mattison McMillan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%9C._%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%9C%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Έντουιν Μ. ΜακΜίλαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έντουιν Μ. ΜακΜίλαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edwin Mattison McMillan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Edwin Mattison McMillan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ادوین مک‌میلان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادوین مک‌میلان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Edwin Mattison McMillan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Edwin Mattison McMillan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9C%88_%EB%A7%A5%EB%B0%80%EB%9F%B0" title="에드윈 맥밀런 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에드윈 맥밀런" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A4%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Էդվին ՄաքՄիլան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էդվին ՄաքՄիլան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F" title="אדווין מקמילן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדווין מקמילן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D.%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಎಡ್ವಿನ್ ಎಮ್.ಮೆಕ್‌ಮಿಲನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಡ್ವಿನ್ ಎಮ್.ಮೆಕ್‌ಮಿಲನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ედუინ მატისონ მაკ-მილანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ედუინ მატისონ მაკ-მილანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduinus_Mattison_McMillan" title="Eduinus Mattison McMillan – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Eduinus Mattison McMillan" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_M._McMillan" title="Edwin M. McMillan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edwin M. McMillan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ედუინ მატისონ მაკ-მილანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ედუინ მატისონ მაკ-მილანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ادوين ماكميلان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادوين ماكميلان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ادوین مک‌میلان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ادوین مک‌میلان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="エドウィン・マクミラン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エドウィン・マクミラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Edwin Mattison McMillan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%86" title="ایڈون میکملن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایڈون میکملن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edwin Mattison McMillan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edwin Mattison McMillan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Макмиллан, Эдвин Маттисон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макмиллан, Эдвин Маттисон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Едвин Матисон Макмилан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Едвин Матисон Макмилан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="எட்வின் மெக்மிலன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எட்வின் மெக்மிலன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эдвин Макмиллан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эдвин Макмиллан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Едвін Маттісон Макміллан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Едвін Маттісон Макміллан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%86" title="ایڈون مکملن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایڈون مکملن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%B1%B3%E4%BC%A6" title="埃德温·麦克米伦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃德温·麦克米伦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Edwin McMillan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%B1%B3%E4%BC%A6" title="埃德温·麦克米伦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃德温·麦克米伦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American physicist (1907–1991)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Edwin McMillan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg/220px-Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">McMillan in 1951</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Edwin Mattison McMillan</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1907-09-18</span>)</span>September 18, 1907<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Redondo_Beach,_California" title="Redondo Beach, California">Redondo Beach, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 7, 1991<span style="display:none">(1991-09-07)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/El_Cerrito,_California" title="El Cerrito, California">El Cerrito, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Discovery of <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">transuranium element</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Synchrocyclotron" title="Synchrocyclotron">Synchrocyclotron</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (1951)<br /><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace_Award" title="Atoms for Peace Award">Atoms for Peace Award</a> (1963)<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1990)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Radiation_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Radiation Laboratory">Berkeley Radiation Laboratory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/301830579/">Deflection of a Beam of HCI Molecules in a Non-Homogeneous Electric Field</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1933)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Condon" title="Edward Condon">Edward Condon</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edwin Mattison McMillan</b> (September 18, 1907 – September 7, 1991) was an American physicist credited with being the first to produce a <a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">transuranium element</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a>. For this, he shared the 1951 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> with <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn Seaborg">Glenn Seaborg</a>. </p><p>A graduate of <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>, he earned his doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 1933, and joined the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Radiation_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Radiation Laboratory">Berkeley Radiation Laboratory</a> where he discovered <a href="/wiki/Oxygen-15" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen-15">oxygen-15</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beryllium-10" title="Beryllium-10">beryllium-10</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he worked on <a href="/wiki/Microwave_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Microwave radar">microwave radar</a> at the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Radiation_Laboratory" title="MIT Radiation Laboratory">MIT Radiation Laboratory</a>, and then on <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">sonar</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Electronics_Laboratory" title="Navy Electronics Laboratory">Navy Radio and Sound Laboratory</a>. In 1942 he joined the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, the wartime effort to create <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bombs</a>, and helped establish its <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Alamos Laboratory">Los Alamos Laboratory</a> where the bombs were designed. He led teams working on the <a href="/wiki/Gun-type_nuclear_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun-type nuclear weapon">gun-type nuclear weapon</a> design, and also participated in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Implosion-type_nuclear_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Implosion-type nuclear weapon">implosion-type nuclear weapon</a>. </p><p>McMillan co-invented the <a href="/wiki/Synchrotron" title="Synchrotron">synchrotron</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Veksler" title="Vladimir Veksler">Vladimir Veksler</a>, and after the war he returned to the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory to build them. He was appointed associate director of the Radiation Laboratory in 1954 and promoted to deputy director in 1958. He became director upon the death of lab founder <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> later that year, and remained director until his retirement in 1973. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_McMillan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McMillan was born in <a href="/wiki/Redondo_Beach,_California" title="Redondo Beach, California">Redondo Beach, California</a>, on September 18, 1907, the son of Edwin Harbaugh McMillan and his wife Anna Marie McMillan née Mattison.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a younger sister, Catherine Helen, whose son <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John Clauser</a> (that is, McMillan's nephew) won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 2022. </p><p>McMillan's father was a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>, as was his father's twin brother, and three of his mother's brothers. On October 18, 1908, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>, where he attended McKinley Elementary School from 1913 to 1918, Grant School from 1918 to 1920, and then <a href="/wiki/Pasadena_High_School_(California)" title="Pasadena High School (California)">Pasadena High School</a>, from which he graduated in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-Oral1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oral1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (Caltech) was only a mile from his home, and he attended some public lectures there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993287_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993287-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He entered Caltech in 1924. He did a research project with <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> as an undergraduate and received his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degree</a> in 1928 and his <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> degree in 1929,<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writing an unpublished thesis on "An improved method for the determination of the radium content of rocks".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then took his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 1933, writing his thesis on the "Deflection of a Beam of HCI Molecules in a Non-Homogeneous Electric Field" under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Condon" title="Edward Condon">Edward Condon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thesis-mcmillan-1933_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesis-mcmillan-1933-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_McMillan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HD.1A.009_(12662188285).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/HD.1A.009_%2812662188285%29.jpg/220px-HD.1A.009_%2812662188285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/HD.1A.009_%2812662188285%29.jpg/330px-HD.1A.009_%2812662188285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/HD.1A.009_%2812662188285%29.jpg/440px-HD.1A.009_%2812662188285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2426" /></a><figcaption>McMillan (left) with <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1932, McMillan was awarded a <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (United States)">National Research Council</a> fellowship, allowing him to attend a university of his choice for postdoctoral study. With his PhD complete, although it was not formally accepted until January 12, 1933,<sup id="cite_ref-Oral1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oral1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he accepted an offer from Ernest Lawrence at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, to join the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Radiation_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Radiation Laboratory">Berkeley Radiation Laboratory</a>, which Lawrence had founded the year before.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofgrenAbelsonHelmolz1992118–119_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofgrenAbelsonHelmolz1992118–119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McMillan's initial work there involved attempting to measure the <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_moment" title="Magnetic moment">magnetic moment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Estermann" title="Immanuel Estermann">Immanuel Estermann</a> were able to carry out these measurements first.<sup id="cite_ref-Oral1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oral1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996217–218_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996217–218-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main focus of the Radiation laboratory at this time was the development of the <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a>, and McMillan, who was appointed to the faculty at Berkeley as an instructor in 1935, soon became involved in the effort. His skill with instrumentation came to the fore, and he contributed improvements to the cyclotron. In particular, he helped develop the process of "<a href="/wiki/Shim_(magnetism)" title="Shim (magnetism)">shimming</a>", adjusting the cyclotron to produce a homogeneous magnetic field.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working with <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Livingston" title="M. Stanley Livingston">M. Stanley Livingston</a>, he discovered <a href="/wiki/Oxygen-15" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen-15">oxygen-15</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen" title="Isotopes of oxygen">isotope of oxygen</a> that emits <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positrons</a>. To produce it, they bombarded <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> gas with <a href="/wiki/Deuteron" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteron">deuterons</a>. This was mixed with <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> and oxygen to produce water, which was then collected with <a href="/wiki/Hygroscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hygroscopic">hygroscopic</a> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_chloride" title="Calcium chloride">calcium chloride</a>. Radioactivity was found concentrated in it, proving that it was in the oxygen. This was followed by an investigation of the absorption of <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma rays</a> produced by bombarding <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a> with protons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996217–218_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996217–218-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, McMillan, Lawrence and Robert Thornton carried out cyclotron experiments with deuteron beams that produced a series of unexpected results. Deuterons fused with a target <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">nuclei</a>, transmuting the target to a heavier isotope while ejecting a proton. Their experiments indicated a nuclear interaction at lower energies than would be expected from a simple calculation of the <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_barrier" title="Coulomb barrier">Coulomb barrier</a> between a deuteron and a target nucleus. Berkeley theoretical physicist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a> and his graduate student <a href="/wiki/Melba_Phillips" title="Melba Phillips">Melba Phillips</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Phillips_process" title="Oppenheimer–Phillips process">Oppenheimer–Phillips process</a> to explain the phenomenon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996218–219_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996218–219-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McMillan became an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_professor" title="Assistant professor">assistant professor</a> in 1936, and an <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a> in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ruben" title="Samuel Ruben">Samuel Ruben</a>, he also discovered the isotope <a href="/wiki/Beryllium-10" title="Beryllium-10">beryllium-10</a> in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was both interesting and difficult to isolate due to its extraordinarily long <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a>, about 1.39 million years.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_of_neptunium">Discovery of neptunium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_McMillan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discovery of neptunium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Strassmann" title="Fritz Strassmann">Fritz Strassmann</a> in 1939, McMillan began experimenting with uranium. He bombarded it with <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a> produced in the Radiation Laboratory's 37-inch (94 cm) cyclotron through bombarding <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a> with deuterons. In addition to the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission_product" title="Nuclear fission product">nuclear fission products</a> reported by Hahn and Strassmann, they detected two unusual radioactive isotopes, one with a half-life of about 2.3 days, and the other with one of around 23 minutes. McMillan identified the short-lived isotope as <a href="/wiki/Uranium-239" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium-239">uranium-239</a>, which had been reported by Hahn and Strassmann. McMillan suspected that the other was an isotope of a new, undiscovered element, with an <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> of 93.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996221–222_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996221–222-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time it was believed that element 93 would have similar chemistry to <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a>, so he began working with <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a>, an expert on that element from his discovery of its <a href="/wiki/Homologous_series" title="Homologous series">homolog</a> <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a>. Both scientists began their work using the prevailing theory, but Segrè rapidly determined that McMillan's sample was not at all similar to rhenium. Instead, when he reacted it with <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a> (HF) with a strong <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidizing agent</a> present, it behaved like members of the <a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element" title="Rare-earth element">rare-earth elements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996221–223_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996221–223-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since these comprise a large percentage of fission products, Segrè and McMillan decided that the half-life must have been simply another fission product, titling the article "An Unsuccessful Search for Transuranium Elements".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McMillan realized that his 1939 work with Segrè had failed to test the chemical reactions of the radioactive source with sufficient rigor. In a new experiment, McMillan tried subjecting the unknown substance to HF in the presence of a <a href="/wiki/Reducing_agent" title="Reducing agent">reducing agent</a>, something he had not done before. This reaction resulted in the sample <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(chemistry)" title="Precipitation (chemistry)">precipitating</a> with the HF, an action that definitively ruled out the possibility that the unknown substance was a rare earth. In May 1940, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science">Carnegie Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, who had independently also attempted to separate the isotope with the 2.3-day half-life, visited Berkeley for a short vacation, and they began to collaborate. Abelson observed that the isotope with the 2.3-day half-life did not have chemistry like any known element, but was more similar to uranium than a rare earth. This allowed the source to be isolated and later, in 1945, led to the classification of the <a href="/wiki/Actinide_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinide series">actinide series</a>. As a final step, McMillan and Abelson prepared a much larger sample of bombarded uranium that had a prominent 23-minute half-life from <sup>239</sup>U and demonstrated conclusively that the unknown 2.3-day half-life increased in strength in concert with a decrease in the 23-minute activity through the following reaction: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {{}^{238}_{92}U + {}^{1}_{0}n -> {}^{239}_{92}U ->[\beta^-][23\ {\ce {min}}] {\overset {neptunium}{^{239}_{93}Np}}->[\beta^-][2.355\ {\ce {days}}] {}^{239}_{94}Pu}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>U</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>92</mn> <mn>238</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>n</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>U</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>92</mn> <mn>239</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mn>23</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>min</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Np</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>93</mn> <mn>239</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>neptunium</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mn>2.355</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>days</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Pu</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>94</mn> <mn>239</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {{}^{238}_{92}U + {}^{1}_{0}n -> {}^{239}_{92}U ->[\beta^-][23\ {\ce {min}}] {\overset {neptunium}{^{239}_{93}Np}}->[\beta^-][2.355\ {\ce {days}}] {}^{239}_{94}Pu}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be60c5859d1785c7629c53c2f7f04276d8f81004" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.127ex; margin-bottom: -0.544ex; width:50.043ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {{}^{238}_{92}U + {}^{1}_{0}n -> {}^{239}_{92}U ->[\beta^-][23\ {\ce {min}}] {\overset {neptunium}{^{239}_{93}Np}}->[\beta^-][2.355\ {\ce {days}}] {}^{239}_{94}Pu}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>This proved that the unknown radioactive source originated from the decay of uranium and, coupled with the previous observation that the source was different chemically from all known elements, proved beyond all doubt that a new element had been discovered. McMillan and Abelson published their results in an article entitled <i>Radioactive Element 93</i> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i> on May 27, 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996221–223_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996221–223-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EL93_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EL93-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They did not propose a name for the element in the article, but they soon decided on "neptunium", since uranium had been named after the planet <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> is the next planet beyond in our solar system.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993289_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993289-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McMillan suddenly departed for war-related work at this point, leaving <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn Seaborg">Glenn Seaborg</a> to pursue this line of research and discover the second transuranium element, <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a>. In 1951, McMillan shared the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> with Seaborg "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_McMillan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mcmillan-edwin_m.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mcmillan-edwin_m.jpg/220px-Mcmillan-edwin_m.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mcmillan-edwin_m.jpg/330px-Mcmillan-edwin_m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mcmillan-edwin_m.jpg/440px-Mcmillan-edwin_m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1609" data-file-height="2174" /></a><figcaption>Edwin McMillan Los Alamos badge</figcaption></figure> <p>McMillan's abrupt departure was caused by the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in Europe. In November 1940, he began working at the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Radiation_Laboratory" title="MIT Radiation Laboratory">MIT Radiation Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, where he participated in the development and testing of airborne <a href="/wiki/Microwave_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Microwave radar">microwave radar</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofgrenAbelsonHelmolz1992118–119_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofgrenAbelsonHelmolz1992118–119-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He conducted tests in April 1941 with the radar operating from an old <a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">Douglas B-18 Bolo</a> <a href="/wiki/Medium_bomber" title="Medium bomber">medium bomber</a>. Flying over the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Submarine_Base_New_London" title="Naval Submarine Base New London">Naval Submarine Base New London</a> with <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal">Air Chief Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dowding" title="Hugh Dowding">Hugh Dowding</a>, they showed that the radar was able to detect the <a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">conning tower</a> of a partly submerged submarine.<sup id="cite_ref-Oral3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oral3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McMillan married Elsie Walford Blumer in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, on June 7, 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993291_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993291-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oral3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oral3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was George Blumer, Dean Emeritus of the <a href="/wiki/Yale_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale Medical School">Yale Medical School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her sister Mary was Lawrence's wife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996216_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996216-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The McMillans had three children: Ann Bradford, David Mattison and Stephen Walker.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obit_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McMillan joined the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Electronics_Laboratory" title="Navy Electronics Laboratory">Navy Radio and Sound Laboratory</a> near <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> in August 1941. There he worked on a device called a polyscope. The idea, which came from Lawrence, was to use <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">sonar</a> to build up a visual image of the surrounding water. This proved to be far more difficult that doing so with radar, because of objects in the water and variations in water temperature that caused variations in the speed of sound. The polyscope proved to be impractical, and was abandoned. He also, however, developed a sonar training device for submariners, for which he received a patent.<sup id="cite_ref-Oral3_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oral3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993289_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993289-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oppenheimer recruited McMillan to join the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, the wartime effort to create <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bombs</a>, in September 1942. Initially, he commuted back and forth between San Diego, where his family was, and Berkeley.<sup id="cite_ref-Oral3_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oral3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November he accompanied Oppenheimer on a trip to <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> on which the <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_Ranch_School" title="Los Alamos Ranch School">Los Alamos Ranch School</a> was selected as the site of the project's weapons research laboratory, which became the <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Alamos Laboratory">Los Alamos Laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhodes1986449–451_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhodes1986449–451-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Oppenheimer and <a href="/wiki/John_H._Manley" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Manley">John H. Manley</a>, he drew up the specifications for the new laboratory's technical buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall199362_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall199362-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He recruited personnel for the laboratory, including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Wilson" title="Robert R. Wilson">Robert R. Wilson</a>, established the test area known as the Anchor Ranch, and scoured the country for technical equipment from machine tools to a cyclotron.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall199384_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall199384-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the laboratory took shape, McMillan became deputy head of the <a href="/wiki/Gun-type_nuclear_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun-type nuclear weapon">gun-type nuclear weapon</a> effort under Navy <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-6)" title="Captain (United States O-6)">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/William_S._Parsons" class="mw-redirect" title="William S. Parsons">William S. Parsons</a>, an ordnance expert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall199384_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall199384-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plutonium gun, codenamed <a href="/wiki/Thin_Man_nuclear_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin Man nuclear bomb">Thin Man</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993114_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993114-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> needed a <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">muzzle velocity</a> of at least 3,000 feet (910 m) per second, which they hoped to achieve with a modified Navy <a href="/wiki/3%22/50_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="3"/50 caliber gun">3-inch antiaircraft gun</a>. The alternative was to build an <a href="/wiki/Implosion-type_nuclear_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Implosion-type nuclear weapon">implosion-type nuclear weapon</a>. McMillan took an early interest in this, watching tests of this concept conducted by <a href="/wiki/Seth_Neddermeyer" title="Seth Neddermeyer">Seth Neddermeyer</a>. The results were not encouraging. Simple explosions resulted in distorted shapes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhodes1986477–479,_541_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhodes1986477–479,_541-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a> looked at the implosion program in September 1943, and proposed a radical solution involving <a href="/wiki/Explosive_lens" title="Explosive lens">explosive lenses</a>. This would require expertise in explosives, and McMillan urged Oppenheimer to bring in <a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993130–133_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993130–133-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kistiakowsky joined the laboratory on February 16, 1944, and Parsons's E (Explosives) Division was divided in two, with McMillan as deputy for the gun and Kistiakowsky as deputy for implosion. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993139_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993139-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McMillan heard disturbing news in April 1944, and drove out to Pajarito Canyon to confer with Segrè. Segrè's group had tested samples of plutonium bred in the Manhattan Project's nuclear reactors and found that it contained quantities of <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-240" title="Plutonium-240">plutonium-240</a>, an isotope that caused spontaneous fission, making Thin Man impractical.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993238–239_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993238–239-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1944, Oppenheimer reorganised the laboratory to make an all-out effort on implosion. McMillan remained in charge of the gun-type weapon,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993245_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993245-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would now be used only with <a href="/wiki/Uranium-235" title="Uranium-235">uranium-235</a>. This being the case, Thin Man was replaced by a new, scaled-back design called <a href="/wiki/Little_Boy" title="Little Boy">Little Boy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993256–257_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993256–257-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McMillan was also involved with the implosion as the head of the G-3 Group within the G (Gadget) Division, which was responsible for obtaining measurements and timings on implosion,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993272–273_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993272–273-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served as the laboratory's liaison with <a href="/wiki/Project_Camel" title="Project Camel">Project Camel</a>, the aerial test program being carried out by Caltech. On July 16, 1945, he was present at the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity nuclear test</a>, when the first implosion bomb was successfully detonated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996225_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996225-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_McMillan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Mark_Oliphant_with_Edwin_McMillan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sir_Mark_Oliphant_with_Edwin_McMillan.jpg/220px-Sir_Mark_Oliphant_with_Edwin_McMillan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sir_Mark_Oliphant_with_Edwin_McMillan.jpg/330px-Sir_Mark_Oliphant_with_Edwin_McMillan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sir_Mark_Oliphant_with_Edwin_McMillan.jpg/440px-Sir_Mark_Oliphant_with_Edwin_McMillan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="3112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a> (left) with McMillan, 1965</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 1945, McMillan's thoughts began to return to cyclotrons. Over time they had gotten larger and larger. A 184-inch cyclotron was under construction at the Radiation Laboratory, but he realised that a more efficient use could be made of the energy used to accelerate particles. By varying the magnetic field used, the particles could be made to move in stable orbits, and higher energies achieved with the same energy input. He dubbed this the "phase stability principle", and the new design a "<a href="/wiki/Synchrotron" title="Synchrotron">synchrotron</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996226–227_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996226–227-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unknown to McMillan, the synchrotron principle had already been invented by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Veksler" title="Vladimir Veksler">Vladimir Veksler</a>, who had published his proposal in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McMillan became aware of Veksler's paper in October 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Oral3_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oral3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two began corresponding, and eventually became friends. In 1963 they shared the <a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace_Award" title="Atoms for Peace Award">Atoms for Peace Award</a> for the invention of the synchrotron.<sup id="cite_ref-LBL_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBL-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964, McMillan received the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phase stability principle was tested with the old 37-inch cyclotron at Berkeley after McMillan returned to the Radiation Laboratory in September 1945. When it was found to work, the 184-inch cyclotron was similarly modified.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996226–227_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996226–227-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oral3_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oral3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a full professor in 1946. In 1954 he was appointed associate director of the Radiation Laboratory. He was promoted to deputy director in 1958. On the death of Lawrence that year, he became director, and he stayed in that position until his retirement in 1973. The laboratory was renamed the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in 1958. In 1970, it split into the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, and McMillan became director of the former.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LBL_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBL-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996230_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996230-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McMillan was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1947, serving as its chairman from 1968 to 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served on the influential General Advisory Committee (GAC) of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a> from 1954 to 1958, and the Commission on High Energy Physics of the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Physics" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Physics">International Union of Pure and Applied Physics</a> from 1960 to 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993290–291_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993290–291-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his retirement from the faculty at Berkeley in 1974, he spent 1974–75 at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, where he worked on the g minus 2 experiment to measure the <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_moment" title="Magnetic moment">magnetic moment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">muon</a>. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-LBL_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBL-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McMillan suffered the first of a series of strokes in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-LBL_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBL-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died at his home in <a href="/wiki/El_Cerrito,_California" title="El Cerrito, California">El Cerrito, California</a>, from complications from diabetes on September 7, 1991. He was survived by his wife and three children.<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His gold Nobel Prize medal is in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">National Museum of American History</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/The_Smithsonian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Smithsonian">The Smithsonian</a>, in Washington DC.<sup id="cite_ref-NMAH_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMAH-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_McMillan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>McMillan, E. M.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4421909-focusing-linear-accelerators">"Focusing in Linear Accelerators"</a>, University of California Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>), (August 24, 1950).</li> <li>McMillan, E. M.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4390661-thick-target-synchrotrons-betatrons">"A Thick Target for Synchrotrons and Betatrons"</a>, University of California Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>), (September 19, 1950).</li> <li>McMillan, E. M.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4392046-transuranium-elements-early-history">"The Transuranium Elements: Early History (Nobel Lecture)"</a>, University of California Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>), (December 12, 1951).</li> <li>McMillan, E. M.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/915423-notes-quadrupole-focusing">"Notes on Quadrupole Focusing"</a>, University of California Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>), (February 9, 1956).</li> <li>McMillan, E. M.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4505965-some-thoughts-stability-nonlinear-periodic-focusing-systems">"Some Thoughts on Stability in Nonlinear Periodic Focusing Systems"</a>, University of California Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>), (September 5, 1967).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_McMillan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_bio-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_bio_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNobel_Foundation" class="citation web cs1">Nobel Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/mcmillan-bio.html">"Edwin M. McMillan – Biographical"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edwin+M.+McMillan+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft.au=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1951%2Fmcmillan-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oral1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oral1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oral1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oral1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4773-1">"Edwin McMillan – Session I"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics" title="American Institute of Physics">American Institute of Physics</a>. March 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edwin+McMillan+%E2%80%93+Session+I&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft.date=2015-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fhistory-programs%2Fniels-bohr-library%2Foral-histories%2F4773-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993287-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993287_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaborg1993">Seaborg 1993</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillan1929" class="citation thesis cs1">McMillan, Edwin (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/2420/"><i>An improved method for the determination of the radium content of rocks</i></a> (masters). <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7907%2F9G6C-HC68">10.7907/9G6C-HC68</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=An+improved+method+for+the+determination+of+the+radium+content+of+rocks&rft.inst=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=1929&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7907%2F9G6C-HC68&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesis.library.caltech.edu%2F2420%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thesis-mcmillan-1933-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thesis-mcmillan-1933_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillan1933" class="citation thesis cs1">McMillan, Edwin Mattisox (1933). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/301830579/"><i>Deflection of a beam of hydrogen chloride molecules in a non-homogeneous electric field</i></a></span> (Ph.D. thesis). <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/77699392">77699392</a> – via <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Deflection+of+a+beam+of+hydrogen+chloride+molecules+in+a+non-homogeneous+electric+field&rft.degree=Ph.D.&rft.inst=Princeton+University&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F77699392&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=Edwin+Mattisox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F301830579%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993288_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaborg1993">Seaborg 1993</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELofgrenAbelsonHelmolz1992118–119-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofgrenAbelsonHelmolz1992118–119_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofgrenAbelsonHelmolz1992118–119_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLofgrenAbelsonHelmolz1992">Lofgren, Abelson & Helmolz 1992</a>, pp. 118–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996217–218-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996217–218_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996217–218_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacksonPanofsky1996">Jackson & Panofsky 1996</a>, pp. 217–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996218–219-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonPanofsky1996218–219_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacksonPanofsky1996">Jackson & Panofsky 1996</a>, pp. 218–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712113701/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=4&n=6">"Chart of Nuclides: <sup>10</sup>Be information"</a>. 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"An Unsuccessful Search for Transuranium Elements". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>55</b> (11): 1104–5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...55.1104S">1939PhRv...55.1104S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.55.1104">10.1103/PhysRev.55.1104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=An+Unsuccessful+Search+for+Transuranium+Elements&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1104-5&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.55.1104&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1939PhRv...55.1104S&rft.aulast=Segr%C3%A8&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EL93-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EL93_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillanAbelson1940" class="citation journal cs1">McMillan, Edwin; Abelson, Philip (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.57.1185.2">"Radioactive Element 93"</a>. <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>57</b> (12): 1185–1186. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940PhRv...57.1185M">1940PhRv...57.1185M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.57.1185.2">10.1103/PhysRev.57.1185.2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Radioactive+Element+93&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1185-1186&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.57.1185.2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1940PhRv...57.1185M&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.au=Abelson%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1103%252FPhysRev.57.1185.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993289-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993289_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993289_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaborg1993">Seaborg 1993</a>, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNobel_Foundation" class="citation web cs1">Nobel Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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McMillan"</a>. <i>www.nasonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasonline.org&rft.atitle=Edwin+M.+McMillan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F52698.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Edwin+McMillan&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DEdwin%2BMcMillan%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993290–291-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1993290–291_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaborg1993">Seaborg 1993</a>, pp. 290–291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/edwin-mattison-mcmillan">"Edwin Mattison McMillan"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Edwin+Mattison+McMillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fedwin-mattison-mcmillan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NMAH-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NMAH_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1119605">"Nobel Prize Medal in Chemistry for Edwin McMillan"</a>. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Prize+Medal+in+Chemistry+for+Edwin+McMillan&rft.pub=National+Museum+of+American+History%2C+Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanhistory.si.edu%2Fcollections%2Fsearch%2Fobject%2Fnmah_1119605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_McMillan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Hoddeson" title="Lillian Hoddeson">Hoddeson, Lillian</a>; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Westfall" title="Catherine Westfall">Westfall, Catherine L.</a> (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/criticalassembly0000unse"><i>Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945</i></a></span>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-44132-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-44132-3"><bdi>0-521-44132-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26764320">26764320</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Assembly%3A+A+Technical+History+of+Los+Alamos+During+the+Oppenheimer+Years%2C+1943%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26764320&rft.isbn=0-521-44132-3&rft.aulast=Hoddeson&rft.aufirst=Lillian&rft.au=Henriksen%2C+Paul+W.&rft.au=Meade%2C+Roger+A.&rft.au=Westfall%2C+Catherine+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcriticalassembly0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonPanofsky1996" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_David_Jackson_(physicist)" title="John David Jackson (physicist)">Jackson, David J.</a>; Panofsky, W.K.H. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/mcmillan-edwin.pdf">"Biographical Memoirs: Edwin Mattison McMillan (18 September 1907 – 7 September 1991)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Biographical Memoirs</i>. <b>69</b>. National Academy Press: 215–241<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs&rft.atitle=Biographical+Memoirs%3A+Edwin+Mattison+McMillan+%2818+September+1907+%E2%80%93+7+September+1991%29&rft.volume=69&rft.pages=215-241&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft.au=Panofsky%2C+W.K.H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fmcmillan-edwin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLofgrenAbelsonHelmolz1992" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Lofgren" title="Edward J. Lofgren">Lofgren, Edward J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Abelson, Philip H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/A._Carl_Helmholz" title="A. Carl Helmholz">Helmolz, A. Carl</a> (February 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2809550">"Obituary: Edwin M. McMillan"</a>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>45</b> (2): 118–119. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992PhT....45b.118L">1992PhT....45b.118L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2809550">10.1063/1.2809550</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Edwin+M.+McMillan&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=118-119&rft.date=1992-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.2809550&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992PhT....45b.118L&rft.aulast=Lofgren&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft.au=Abelson%2C+Philip+H.&rft.au=Helmolz%2C+A.+Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1063%252F1.2809550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rhodes" title="Richard Rhodes">Rhodes, Richard</a> (1986). <a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Atomic_Bomb" title="The Making of the Atomic Bomb"><i>The Making of the Atomic Bomb</i></a>. London: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-44133-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-44133-7"><bdi>0-671-44133-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Atomic+Bomb&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-671-44133-7&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborg1993" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Seaborg, Glenn</a> (1993). "Biographical Memoirs: Edwin Mattison McMillan (18 September 1907 – 7 September 1991)". <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>137</b> (2): 286–291. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/986736">986736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=Biographical+Memoirs%3A+Edwin+Mattison+McMillan+%2818+September+1907+%E2%80%93+7+September+1991%29&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=286-291&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F986736%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+McMillan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_McMillan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/edwin-mcmillans-lecture">Audio lecture by Edwin McMillan at Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> Voices of the Manhattan Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/elsie-mcmillans-lecture">Audio lecture by Elsie McMillan at Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> Voices of the Manhattan Project</li> <li>McMillan's Nobel Lecture: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/mcmillan-lecture.html">The Transuranium Elements: Early History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/212">Edwin M. McMillan</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19009#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> including the Nobel Lecture on December 12, 1951 <i>The Transuranium Elements: Early History</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edwin McMillan</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a> (Sweden)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> (Great Britain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> (Ireland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1946_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1946 Nobel Prize winners">1946</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1947_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1947 Nobel Prize winners">1947</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1948_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1948 Nobel Prize winners">1948</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1949_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1949 Nobel Prize winners">1949</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1950_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1950 Nobel Prize winners">1950</a></dd> <dd><b>1951 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1952_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1952 Nobel Prize winners">1952</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1953_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1953 Nobel Prize winners">1953</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1954_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1954 Nobel Prize winners">1954</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1955_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1955 Nobel Prize winners">1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1956_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1956 Nobel Prize winners">1956</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manhattan_Project" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manhattan_Project" title="Template:Manhattan Project"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manhattan_Project" title="Template talk:Manhattan Project"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan_Project" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan Project"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manhattan_Project" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Manhattan_Project" title="Timeline of the Manhattan Project">Timeline</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Project" title="Ames Project">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calutron" title="Calutron">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_Laboratory" title="Metallurgical Laboratory">Chicago</a> (<a href="/wiki/Site_A" title="Site A">Site A</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Project" title="Dayton Project">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Engineer_Works" title="Hanford Engineer Works">Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Camel" title="Project Camel">Inyokern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Y" title="Project Y">Los Alamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Laboratory" title="Montreal Laboratory">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-25" title="K-25">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Engineer_Works" title="Clinton Engineer Works">Oak Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Wells_Pilot_Plant" title="Salt Wells Pilot Plant">Salt Wells Pilot Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendover_Air_Force_Base" title="Wendover Air Force Base">Wendover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-9_Project" title="P-9 Project">Heavy water sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Conant" title="James B. Conant">James B. Conant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Duffield" title="Priscilla Duffield">Priscilla Duffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Farrell_(United_States_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Farrell (United States Army officer)">Thomas Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Groves" title="Leslie Groves">Leslie Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lansdale_Jr." title="John Lansdale Jr.">John Lansdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Marshall" title="James C. Marshall">James Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Matthias" title="Franklin Matthias">Franklin Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_McKibbin" title="Dorothy McKibbin">Dorothy McKibbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Nichols" title="Kenneth Nichols">Kenneth Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterling_Parsons" title="William Sterling Parsons">Deak Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Pash" title="Boris Pash">Boris Pash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Purnell" title="William R. Purnell">William Purnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Spedding" title="Frank Spedding">Frank Spedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Thomas" title="Charles Allen Thomas">Charles Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tibbets" title="Paul Tibbets">Paul Tibbets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Uanna" title="William L. Uanna">Bud Uanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_L._Warren" title="Stafford L. Warren">Stafford Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Westcott" title="Ed Westcott">Ed Westcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Charles_Wilson" title="Roscoe Charles Wilson">Roscoe Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacher" title="Robert Bacher">Robert Bacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">Aage Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Bradbury" title="Norris Bradbury">Norris Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Critchfield" title="Charles Critchfield">Charles Critchfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Daghlian" title="Harry Daghlian">Harry Daghlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Dunning" title="John R. Dunning">John R. Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Fitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Fuchs" title="Klaus Fuchs">Klaus Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Koval" title="George Koval">George Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edwin McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Pegram" title="George B. Pegram">George B. Pegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey_Jr." title="Norman Ramsey Jr.">Norman Ramsey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn Seaborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Slotin" title="Louis Slotin">Louis Slotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_DeWolf_Smyth" title="Henry DeWolf Smyth">Henry DeWolf Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Szilard" title="Leo Szilard">Leo Szilard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ulam" title="Stanisław Ulam">Stanisław Ulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Wilson" title="Robert R. Wilson">Robert Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Woods" title="Leona Woods">Leona Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsos_Mission" title="Alsos Mission">Alsos Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peppermint" title="Operation Peppermint">Operation Peppermint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Alberta" title="Project Alberta">Project Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverplate" title="Silverplate">Silverplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/509th_Composite_Group" title="509th Composite Group">509th Composite Group</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enola_Gay" title="Enola Gay">Enola Gay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bockscar" title="Bockscar">Bockscar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Artiste" title="The Great Artiste">The Great Artiste</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat_Man" title="Fat Man">Fat Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Boy" title="Little Boy">Little Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_bomb" title="Pumpkin bomb">Pumpkin bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_Man_(nuclear_bomb)" title="Thin Man (nuclear bomb)">Thin Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_scientists_and_technicians_on_the_Manhattan_Project" title="African-American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1946" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1946">Atomic Energy Act of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_phosphate_process" title="Bismuth phosphate process">Bismuth phosphate process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calutron_Girls" title="Calutron Girls">Calutron Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">Chicago Pile-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon_core" title="Demon core">Demon core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Szilard_letter" title="Einstein–Szilard letter">Einstein–Szilard letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franck_Report" title="Franck Report">Franck Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Committee" title="Interim Committee">Interim Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-25" title="K-25">K-25 Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_Primer" title="Los Alamos Primer">Los Alamos Primer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_who_worked_on_the_Manhattan_Project" title="List of Nobel laureates who worked on the Manhattan Project">Nobel Prize laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_security_hearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Oppenheimer security hearing">Oppenheimer security hearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Quebec Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RaLa_Experiment" title="RaLa Experiment">RaLa Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-1_Executive_Committee" title="S-1 Executive Committee">S-1 Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-50_(Manhattan_Project)" title="S-50 (Manhattan Project)">S-50 Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyth_Report" title="Smyth Report">Smyth Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-10_Graphite_Reactor" title="X-10 Graphite Reactor">X-10 Graphite Reactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calutron" title="Calutron">Y-12 Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19009#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000061612941">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7295561">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/390752/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdWXpxMmdXKR9BCHtXw4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/138352232">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="McMillan, Edwin M. (Edwin Mattison), 1907-1991"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr97014617">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p153757736">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810650390305606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:mcmillan.edwin-m">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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