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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_virus&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundibugyo virus">Bundibugyo virus</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of virus</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)"><i>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)"><a href="/wiki/Virus_classification" title="Virus classification">Virus classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ebolavirus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>(unranked): </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Realm</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria"><i>Riboviria</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae"><i>Orthornavirae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Negarnaviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Negarnaviricota"><i>Negarnaviricota</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monjiviricetes" title="Monjiviricetes"><i>Monjiviricetes</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales"><i>Mononegavirales</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae"><i>Filoviridae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus"><i>Ebolavirus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)">Member virus </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><b>Bundibugyo virus</b> (BDBV) </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The species <i><b>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BUUN</span>-dee-<span style="font-size:90%">BUUJ</span>-aw</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the taxonomic home of one virus, <b>Bundibugyo virus</b> (BDBV), that forms filamentous virions and is closely related to the infamous <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus">Ebola virus</a> (EBOV). The virus causes severe <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> in <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">viral hemorrhagic fever</a> and is a <a href="/wiki/Select_agent" title="Select agent">Select agent</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SelectAgents_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SelectAgents-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring <a href="/wiki/Biosafety" title="Biosafety">Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-BMBL5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMBL5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> Category A Priority Pathogen,<sup id="cite_ref-PriorityPathogens_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PriorityPathogens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Category A Bioterrorism Agent</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CategoryBioterrorism_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CategoryBioterrorism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the <a href="/wiki/Australia_Group" title="Australia Group">Australia Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AustraliaGroup_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AustraliaGroup-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_term">Use of term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_ebolavirus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Use of term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The species <i>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</i> is a virological taxon (i.e. a man-made concept) that was suggested in 2008 to be included in the genus <i>Ebolavirus</i>, family <i><a href="/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae">Filoviridae</a></i>, order <i><a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">Mononegavirales</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species has a single <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virus</a> member, Bundibugyo virus (BDBV).<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The members of the species are called Bundibugyo ebolaviruses.<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</i> is derived from <i>Bundibugyo</i> (the name of the chief town of the <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Ugandan</a> <a href="/wiki/Bundibugyo_District" title="Bundibugyo District">Bundibugyo District</a>, where Bundibugyo virus was first discovered) and the <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> <i>ebolavirus</i> (which denotes an ebolavirus species).<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bundibugyo virus (abbreviated BDBV) was first described in 2008 as a single member of a suggested new <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">species</a> <i>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</i>, which was suggested to be included into the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus">Ebolavirus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">family</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae">Filoviridae</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">order</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">Mononegavirales</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Towner2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Towner2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the rules for taxon naming established by the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a> (ICTV), the name <i>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</i> is always to be <a href="/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization">capitalized</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italicized</a>, never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word "species". The names of its members (Bundibugyo ebolaviruses) are to be capitalized, are not italicized, and used without <a href="/wiki/Article_(grammar)" title="Article (grammar)">articles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A formal proposal to accept this species into virus taxonomy was submitted in 2010<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was accepted by the ICTV in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species_inclusion_criteria">Species inclusion criteria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_ebolavirus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Species inclusion criteria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A virus of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus">Ebolavirus</a></i> is a member of the species <i>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</i> if:<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>it is endemic in Uganda</li> <li>it has a genome with three gene overlaps (<i>VP35</i>/<i>VP40</i>, <i>GP</i>/<i>VP30</i>, <i>VP24</i>/<i>L</i>)</li> <li>it has a genomic sequence different from <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus">Ebola virus</a> by ≥30%, but different from that of Bundibugyo virus by <30%</li></ul> <p>A virus of the species <i>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</i> is a Bundibugyo virus if it has the properties of Bundibugyo ebolaviruses and if its <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> diverges from that of the prototype Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Bundibugyo virus variant #811250 (BDBV/#811250), by ≤10% at the <a href="/wiki/Nucleotide" title="Nucleotide">nucleotide</a> level.<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Previous_designations">Previous designations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_ebolavirus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Previous designations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bundibugyo virus was first introduced as Bundibugyo ebolavirus in 2008, albeit without differentiating this name from the suggested species <i>Bundibugyo ebolavirus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Towner2008_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Towner2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another name introduced at the same time was Uganda ebolavirus.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later publications also referred to the virus as a novel "strain" of <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus">Ebola virus</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wamala2010_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wamala2010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as Bundibugyo Ebola virus.<sup id="cite_ref-MacNeil2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacNeil2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abbreviations BEBOV (for Bundibugyo ebolavirus) and UEBOV (for Uganda ebolavirus)<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn2008_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were briefly used before BDBV was established as the abbreviation for Bundibugyo virus.<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disease">Disease</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_ebolavirus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BDBV is one of four ebolaviruses that causes <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">Ebola virus disease</a> (EVD) in humans (in the literature also often referred to as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, EHF). EVD due to BDBV infection cannot be differentiated from EVD caused by other ebolaviruses by clinical observation alone,<sup id="cite_ref-Wamala2010_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wamala2010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacNeil2010_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacNeil2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is why the clinical presentation and pathology of infections by all ebolaviruses is presented together on a separate page (see <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">Ebola virus disease</a>). BDBV made its first appearance on August 1 of 2007, when a <a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">viral hemorrhagic fever</a> outbreak began in the Bundibugyo and Kikyo townships of <a href="/wiki/Bundibugyo_District" title="Bundibugyo District">Bundibugyo District</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>. Blood samples from suspect cases were sent to the US <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>, where the presence of an ebolavirus was confirmed on November 29, 2007. In depth analysis revealed that the present ebolavirus was a relative, but not identical, to the other four ebolaviruses known at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Towner2008_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Towner2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wamala2010_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wamala2010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outbreak was declared over on February 20, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-Wamala2010_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wamala2010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second outbreak was reported by the <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> August 17, 2012 suspected to have infected 15 and killed 10 including 3 health care workers in Isiro, Pawa and Dungu, Province Orientale, DRC.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2 of the cases have been confirmed to be BDBV.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is reported that bushmeat was the source.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By Sept 3, the <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> reported that the number of cases had risen to 28, with 8 confirmed, 6 probable and 14 suspected, including 14 deaths,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as of 12 September, it had spread to Viadana and a total of "41 cases (9 laboratory confirmed, and 32 probable) have been reported from Haut-Uélé district in Province Orientale. Of these cases, 18 have been fatal. (5 confirmed and 13 probable). 18 healthcare workers are included among the probable cases. 28 suspected cases have also been reported and are being investigated.".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a press release, the Democratic Republic of Congo announced a final tally of 77 cases (36 confirmed, 17 probable and 24 suspect) with 36 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">Ebola virus disease</a> (EVD) outbreaks due to Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) infection </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Year</b> </td> <td><b>Geographic location</b> </td> <td><b>Human cases/deaths (case-fatality rate)</b> </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td>2007–2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bundibugyo_District" title="Bundibugyo District">Bundibugyo District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td>149/37 (25%) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_Orientale" class="mw-redirect" title="Province Orientale">Province Orientale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a> </td> <td>57/29 (51%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_ebolavirus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ecology of BDBV is currently unclear and no reservoir host has yet been identified. Therefore, it remains unclear how BDBV was introduced into the human population. <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">Bats</a> are suspected to harbor the virus because infectious <a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">Marburg virus</a> (MARV) and <a href="/wiki/Ravn_virus" title="Ravn virus">Ravn virus</a> (RAVV), two distantly related filoviruses, have been isolated from bats,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and because traces (but no infectious particles) of the more closely related <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus">Ebola virus</a> (EBOV) were found in bats as well.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Molecular_Biology">Molecular Biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_ebolavirus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Molecular Biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BDBV is basically uncharacterized on a molecular level. However, its genomic sequence, and with it the <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomic</a> organization and the conservation of individual <a href="/wiki/Open_reading_frame" title="Open reading frame">open reading frames</a>, is similar to that of the other four known ebolaviruses (58-61% nucleotide similarity).<sup id="cite_ref-Towner2008_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Towner2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is therefore currently assumed that the knowledge obtained for EBOV can be <a href="/wiki/Extrapolation" title="Extrapolation">extrapolated</a> to BDBV and that all BDBV <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> are analogs of those of EBOV.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patent">Patent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_ebolavirus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Patent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A United States patent with multinational collaborative recognition was applied for on 10/26/2009, and published 10/4/2012, for the rights to BDBV.<sup id="cite_ref-patent_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The patent is listed under six different numbers, including one assigned a US appellation, as well as one Canadian (CA), two European Patent Office (EP), and two World Intellectual Property Organization (WO) designations. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US20120251502">US 20120251502 A1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/CA2741523A1">CA 2741523 A1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2350270A2">EP 2350270 A2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2350270A4">EP 2350270 A4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2010048615A2">WO 2010048615 A2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2010048615A3">WO 2010048615 A3</a></li></ul> <p>It is openly noted in the Deposit Statement of the patent application (Section [0002]) that the virus sample was deposited to the CDC in Atlanta, GA, on November 26, 2007, <i>not</i> to an International Depository Authority (IDA), which was the accepted method as established under the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Treaty" title="Budapest Treaty">Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for Purposes of Patent Procedure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-patent_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the same section, the “deposited organism” was also admittedly, “not acceptable by <a href="/wiki/ATCC_(company)" title="ATCC (company)">American Type Culture Collection</a>.” This sample was painstakingly researched, and led to the patent application.<sup id="cite_ref-patent_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Section [0037] of the patent explains its purpose as having “utility in design of diagnostic assays to monitor Ebola HF [Hemorrhagic Fever] disease in humans and animals, and develop effective antivirals and vaccines.”<sup id="cite_ref-patent_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, to avoid limiting the extent and reach of the patent, Section [0036] states that: </p> <dl><dd><i>It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to particular embodiments described, as such may, of :course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein :is for the purpose of describing particular :embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.<sup id="cite_ref-patent_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></dd></dl> <p>The patent was published before the US Supreme Court ruled that natural material could not be patented as being an invention (as dictated in the 2013 trial: “<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Molecular_Pathology_v._Myriad_Genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics">Association for Molecular Pathology, et al., v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., et al.</a>;” argued 04/15/2013 and decided 06/13/2013), but synthetic copies of natural materials <i>could</i> be patented and protected. If and/or how this ruling has affected the patent for the Bundibugyo strain of Ebola is unclear.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_ebolavirus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KuhnArch-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKuhnBeckerEbiharaGeisbert2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kuhn, J. 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"Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus". <i>Nature</i>. <b>438</b> (7068): 575–576. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Natur.438..575L">2005Natur.438..575L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F438575a">10.1038/438575a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16319873">16319873</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4403209">4403209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Fruit+bats+as+reservoirs+of+Ebola+virus&rft.volume=438&rft.issue=7068&rft.pages=575-576&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F438575a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4403209%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16319873&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Natur.438..575L&rft.aulast=Leroy&rft.aufirst=E.+M.&rft.au=Kumulungui%2C+B.&rft.au=Pourrut%2C+X.&rft.au=Rouquet%2C+P.&rft.au=Hassanin%2C+A.&rft.au=Yaba%2C+P.&rft.au=D%C3%A9licat%2C+A.&rft.au=Paweska%2C+J.+T.&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+J.+P.&rft.au=Swanepoel%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundibugyo+ebolavirus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-patent-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-patent_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-patent_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-patent_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-patent_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-patent_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Towner, Jonathan S., Stuart T. Nichol, James A. Comer, Thomas G. Ksiazek, and Pierre E. Rollin. Human Ebola Virus Species and Compositions and Methods Thereof. The Government of the US as Represented by the Secretary of the Dept. of Health, Atlanta, GA, assignee. Patent US 2012/0251502 A1. 4 Oct. 2012. Print.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundibugyo_ebolavirus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://talk.ictvonline.org/default.aspx">ICTV Files and Discussions - Discussion forum and file distribution for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007192538/http://talk.ictvonline.org/default.aspx">Archived</a> 2011-10-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>View the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=eboVir3"><i>eboVir3</i></a> genome assembly in the 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style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus">Ebolavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ebola_outbreaks" title="List of Ebola outbreaks">Outbreaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease#Sudan_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">1976 Sudan outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Zaire_Ebola_virus_outbreak" title="1976 Zaire Ebola virus outbreak">1976 Zaire outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western African Ebola virus epidemic">2013−2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic_timeline" title="West African Ebola virus epidemic timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic_timeline_of_reported_cases_and_deaths" title="West African Ebola virus epidemic timeline of reported cases and deaths">Reported cases and deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Ebola_Response_Fund" title="United Nations Ebola Response Fund">United Nations Ebola Response Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_United_Assistance" title="Operation United Assistance">Operation United Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_epidemic_in_Guinea" title="Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea">in Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_epidemic_in_Liberia" title="Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia">in Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease_in_Mali" title="Ebola virus disease in Mali">in Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_in_Nigeria" title="Ebola in Nigeria">in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_epidemic_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone">in Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease_in_Spain" title="Ebola virus disease in Spain">in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_cases_in_the_United_States" title="Ebola virus cases in the United States">in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease in the United Kingdom">in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouse_to_Ouse_Tock" title="Ouse to Ouse Tock">Ouse to Ouse Tock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womey_massacre" title="Womey massacre">Womey massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>Recent DR Congo outbreaks and epidemics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Ebola_virus_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Ebola_virus_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_%C3%89quateur_province_Ebola_outbreak" title="2018 Équateur province Ebola outbreak">2018 Équateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ebola_epidemic" title="Kivu Ebola epidemic">Kivu epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ebola_epidemic#2020_Équateur_Province_outbreak_and_other_regional_health_issues" title="Kivu Ebola epidemic">2020 Équateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_North_Kivu_Ebola" title="2021 North Kivu Ebola">2021 North Kivu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bundibugyo ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundibugyo_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundibugyo virus">BDBV</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reston_virus" title="Reston virus">Reston ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li>RESTV</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sudan_ebolavirus" title="Sudan ebolavirus">Sudan ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan virus">SUDV</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_Forest_ebolavirus" title="Taï Forest ebolavirus">Taï Forest ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_Forest_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Taï Forest virus">TAFV</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaire_ebolavirus" title="Zaire ebolavirus">Zaire ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li>EBOV</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drug candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galidesivir" title="Galidesivir">BCX4430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brincidofovir" title="Brincidofovir">Brincidofovir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Deazaneplanocin_A" title="3-Deazaneplanocin A">DZNep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favipiravir" title="Favipiravir">Favipiravir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-103" title="FGI-103">FGI-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-104" title="FGI-104">FGI-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-106" title="FGI-106">FGI-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JK-05" title="JK-05">JK-05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamivudine" title="Lamivudine">Lamivudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAb114" class="mw-redirect" title="MAb114">mAb114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TKM-Ebola" title="TKM-Ebola">TKM-Ebola</a> <small>(failed)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triazavirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Triazavirin">Triazavirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZMapp" title="ZMapp">ZMapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_vaccine" title="Ebola vaccine">Vaccines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAd3-ZEBOV" title="CAd3-ZEBOV">cAd3-ZEBOV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drugs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_vaccine" title="Ebola vaccine">Vaccines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RVSV-ZEBOV_vaccine" title="RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine">rVSV-ZEBOV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ebola_researchers" title="Category:Ebola researchers">Ebola researchers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Close" title="William Close">William Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Muyembe-Tamfum" title="Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum">Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Piot" title="Peter Piot">Peter Piot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ebola_patients" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ebola patients">Ebola patients</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ameyo_Adadevoh" title="Ameyo Adadevoh">Ameyo Adadevoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Cafferkey" title="Pauline Cafferkey">Pauline Cafferkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eric_Duncan" title="Thomas Eric Duncan">Thomas Eric Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheik_Umar_Khan" title="Sheik Umar Khan">Sheik Umar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Lukwiya" title="Matthew Lukwiya">Matthew Lukwiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayinga_N%27Seka" title="Mayinga N'Seka">Mayinga N'Seka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Sawyer" title="Patrick Sawyer">Patrick Sawyer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_effects_of_the_Ebola_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural effects of the Ebola crisis">Popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Zone" title="The Hot Zone">The Hot Zone</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995 book by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Preston" title="Richard Preston">Richard Preston</a>)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Outbreak_(film)" title="Outbreak (film)">Outbreak</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995 film)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ebola_Syndrome" title="Ebola Syndrome">Ebola Syndrome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996 film)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Executive_Orders" title="Executive Orders">Executive Orders</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996 novel)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola-chan" title="Ebola-chan">Ebola-chan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014 meme)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/93_Days" title="93 Days">93 Days</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016 film)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Zone_(American_TV_series)" title="The Hot Zone (American TV series)">The Hot Zone</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019 miniseries based on Preston book)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">Ebola virus disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease_treatment_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease treatment research">Ebola virus disease treatment research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_River" title="Ebola River">Ebola River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marburgvirus" title="Marburgvirus">Marburgvirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outbreaks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Marburg_virus_outbreak_in_West_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany">1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Uganda_Marburg_virus_outbreak" title="2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak">2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Guinea">2021 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Ghana">2022 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea">2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Tanzania">2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak" title="Rwanda Marburg virus disease outbreak">2024 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Rwanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marburg_marburgvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marburg marburgvirus">Marburg marburgvirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">MARV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravn_virus" title="Ravn virus">RAVV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drug candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galidesivir" title="Galidesivir">BCX4430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-103" title="FGI-103">FGI-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-106" title="FGI-106">FGI-106</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Zone" title="The Hot Zone">The Hot Zone</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995 book)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus_disease" title="Marburg virus disease">Marburg virus disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cuevavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuevavirus">Cuevavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Species" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lloviu_cuevavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloviu cuevavirus">Lloviu cuevavirus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lloviu_virus" title="Lloviu virus">LLOV</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mengla_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengla virus">Dianlovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Species" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mengla_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengla virus">Mengla virus</a> (MLAV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Striavirus (page does not exist)">Striavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Species" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Striavirus (page does not exist)">Xilang striavirus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus (page does not exist)">Thamnovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Species" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus (page does not exist)">Huangjiao thamnovirus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img 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href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5X3YM">5X3YM</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/11624190">11624190</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=565995">565995</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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