CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Filoviridae - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0e855ded-ac9e-4ea6-b5f1-955a5dd9645c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Filoviridae","wgTitle":"Filoviridae","wgCurRevisionId":1255767991,"wgRevisionId":1255767991,"wgArticleId":208458,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","Filoviridae","Primate diseases","Animal viral diseases","Biological weapons","Hemorrhagic fevers","Tropical diseases","Zoonoses","Virus families"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Filoviridae","wgRelevantArticleId":208458,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q46305","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp/1200px-Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="573"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp/800px-Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="382"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp/640px-Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="306"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Filoviridae - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Filoviridae rootpage-Filoviridae skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Filoviridae" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Filoviridae" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Filoviridae" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Filoviridae" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Use of term</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use_of_term-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use of term subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use_of_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Life cycle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_inclusion_criteria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_inclusion_criteria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family inclusion criteria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_inclusion_criteria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Family organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogenetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogenetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Phylogenetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogenetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paleovirology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleovirology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Paleovirology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleovirology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaccines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaccines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vaccines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaccines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mutation_concerns_and_pandemic_potential" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mutation_concerns_and_pandemic_potential"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mutation concerns and pandemic potential</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mutation_concerns_and_pandemic_potential-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Filoviridae</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فيروسات خيطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيروسات خيطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviry" title="Filoviry – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Filoviry" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87" title="فیلوویریده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلوویریده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filofirussen" title="Filofirussen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Filofirussen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filov%C3%ADridos" title="Filovíridos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Filovíridos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%EA%B3%BC" title="필로바이러스과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="필로바이러스과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलोवाइरस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फिलोवाइरस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%A1%C3%B0veirur" title="Þráðveirur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þráðveirur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%87" title="فيروسات خيطيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيروسات خيطيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filovirussen" title="Filovirussen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Filovirussen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E7%A7%91" title="フィロウイルス科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィロウイルス科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filovirus" title="Filovirus – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Filovirus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filowirusy" title="Filowirusy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filowirusy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filoviridae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviride" title="Filoviride – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Filoviride" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Филовирусы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филовирусы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filov%C3%ADrusy" title="Filovírusy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Filovírusy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filovirusi" title="Filovirusi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Filovirusi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filovirukset" title="Filovirukset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filovirukset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filovirus" title="Filovirus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filovirus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Філовіруси – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філовіруси" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B2%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%A7%91" title="絲狀病毒科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="絲狀病毒科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46305#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Filoviridae" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Filoviridae" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Filoviridae"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Filoviridae"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Filoviridae" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Filoviridae" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&oldid=1255767991" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Filoviridae&id=1255767991&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFiloviridae"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFiloviridae"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Filoviridae&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Filoviridae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46305" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)"><i>Filoviridae</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp/220px-Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp/330px-Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp/440px-Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="2795" data-file-height="1335" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus">Ebolavirus</a> structure and genome </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Marburg_virus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Marburg_virus.jpg/220px-Marburg_virus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Marburg_virus.jpg/330px-Marburg_virus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Marburg_virus.jpg/440px-Marburg_virus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="474" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Electron_micrograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron micrograph">Electron micrograph</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">Marburg virus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)"><a href="/wiki/Virus_classification" title="Virus classification">Virus classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Filoviridae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>(unranked): </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Realm</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria"><i>Riboviria</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae"><i>Orthornavirae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Negarnaviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Negarnaviricota"><i>Negarnaviricota</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monjiviricetes" title="Monjiviricetes"><i>Monjiviricetes</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales"><i>Mononegavirales</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><b><i>Filoviridae</i></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cuevavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuevavirus">Cuevavirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dianlovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dianlovirus">Dianlovirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus">Ebolavirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marburgvirus" title="Marburgvirus">Marburgvirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Striavirus (page does not exist)">Striavirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus (page does not exist)">Thamnovirus</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Filoviridae</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɪr/: 'irr' in 'mirror'">ɪr</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">family</a> of <a href="/wiki/RNA_virus#Group_V_–_negative-sense_ssRNA_viruses" title="RNA virus">single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">Mononegavirales</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two members of the family that are commonly known are <a href="/wiki/Zaire_ebolavirus" title="Zaire ebolavirus">Ebola virus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">Marburg virus</a>. Both viruses, and some of their lesser known relatives, cause severe disease in humans and nonhuman <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">viral hemorrhagic fevers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiley1982_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiley1982-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All filoviruses are classified by the US as <a href="/wiki/Select_agents" class="mw-redirect" title="Select agents">select agents</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SelectAgents_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SelectAgents-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> as Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring <a href="/wiki/Biosafety" title="Biosafety">Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-BMBL5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMBL5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> as Category A Priority Pathogens,<sup id="cite_ref-PriorityPathogens_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PriorityPathogens-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Category A Bioterrorism Agents</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CategoryBioterrorism_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CategoryBioterrorism-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are listed as Biological Agents for Export Control by the <a href="/wiki/Australia_Group" title="Australia Group">Australia Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AustraliaGroup_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AustraliaGroup-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_term">Use of term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Use of term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">family</a> <i>Filoviridae</i> is a <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">virological taxon</a> that was defined in 1982<sup id="cite_ref-Kiley1982_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiley1982-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and emended in 1991,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1998,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-Feldmann2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feldmann2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2010<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family currently includes the six <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virus</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">genera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Cuevavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuevavirus">Cuevavirus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dianlovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dianlovirus">Dianlovirus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus">Ebolavirus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Marburgvirus" title="Marburgvirus">Marburgvirus</a>, Striavirus,</i> and <i>Thamnovirus</i> and is included in the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">order</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">Mononegavirales</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The members of the family (i.e. the actual physical entities) are called filoviruses or filovirids.<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Filoviridae</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a> <i>filum</i> (alluding to the filamentous morphology of filovirions) and the <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> <i>-viridae</i> (which denotes a virus family).<sup id="cite_ref-Kiley1982_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiley1982-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Note">Note</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the rules for taxon naming established by the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)</a>, the name <i>Filoviridae</i> is always to be <a href="/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization">capitalized</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italicized</a>, never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word "family". The names of its members (filoviruses or filovirids) are to be written in lower case, are not italicized, and used without <a href="/wiki/Article_(grammar)" title="Article (grammar)">articles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn2011_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_cycle">Life cycle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Life cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:252780_web_filovirus_replcycle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/252780_web_filovirus_replcycle.jpg/220px-252780_web_filovirus_replcycle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/252780_web_filovirus_replcycle.jpg/330px-252780_web_filovirus_replcycle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/252780_web_filovirus_replcycle.jpg/440px-252780_web_filovirus_replcycle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1876" /></a><figcaption>Replication cycle of filoviruses and vectors</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig3.v5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig3.v5.png/220px-ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig3.v5.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig3.v5.png/330px-ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig3.v5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig3.v5.png/440px-ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig3.v5.png 2x" data-file-width="3321" data-file-height="1714" /></a><figcaption>Replication cycle of filoviruses at and inside host cell</figcaption></figure> <p>The filovirus <a href="/wiki/Biological_life_cycle" title="Biological life cycle">life cycle</a> begins with virion attachment to specific cell-surface <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptors</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Lipid_bilayer_fusion" title="Lipid bilayer fusion">fusion</a> of the virion envelope with cellular membranes and the concomitant release of the virus <a href="/wiki/Nucleocapsid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleocapsid">nucleocapsid</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol">cytosol</a>. The viral <a href="/wiki/RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase" title="RNA-dependent RNA polymerase">RNA-dependent RNA polymerase</a> (RdRp, or RNA replicase) partially uncoats the nucleocapsid and <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)">transcribes</a> the <a href="/wiki/Genes" class="mw-redirect" title="Genes">genes</a> into positive-stranded <a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNAs</a>, which are then <a href="/wiki/Translation_(biology)" title="Translation (biology)">translated</a> into structural and nonstructural <a href="/wiki/Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteins">proteins</a>. Filovirus RdRps bind to a single <a href="/wiki/Promoter_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Promoter (biology)">promoter</a> located at the 3' end of the genome. Transcription either terminates after a gene or continues to the next gene downstream. This means that genes close to the 3' end of the genome are transcribed in the greatest abundance, whereas those toward the 5' end are least likely to be transcribed. The gene order is therefore a simple but effective form of transcriptional regulation. The most abundant protein produced is the <a href="/wiki/Nucleoprotein" title="Nucleoprotein">nucleoprotein</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Concentration" title="Concentration">concentration</a> in the cell determines when the RdRp switches from gene transcription to genome replication. Replication results in full-length, positive-stranded antigenomes that are in turn transcribed into negative-stranded virus progeny genome copies. Newly synthesized structural proteins and genomes self-assemble and accumulate near the inside of the <a href="/wiki/Cell_membrane" title="Cell membrane">cell membrane</a>. Virions <a href="/wiki/Budding" title="Budding">bud</a> off from the cell, gaining their envelopes from the cellular membrane they bud from. The mature progeny particles then infect other cells to repeat the cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-Feldmann2005_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feldmann2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_inclusion_criteria">Family inclusion criteria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family inclusion criteria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig2.v5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig2.v5.png/220px-ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig2.v5.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig2.v5.png/330px-ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig2.v5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig2.v5.png/440px-ONSR.Filoviridae.Fig2.v5.png 2x" data-file-width="4407" data-file-height="3047" /></a><figcaption>Schematic representation of the filovirus genome organization.</figcaption></figure> <p>A virus that fulfills the criteria for being a member of the order <i><a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">Mononegavirales</a></i> is a member of the family <i>Filoviridae</i> if:<sup id="cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuhnArch-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn2011_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>it causes <a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">viral hemorrhagic fever</a> in certain <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a></li> <li>it infects <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a></li> <li>it needs to be <a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">adapted</a> through <a href="/wiki/Serial_passage" title="Serial passage">serial passage</a> to cause <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a></li> <li>it exclusively replicates in the <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">cytoplasm</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Host_(biology)" title="Host (biology)">host</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a></li> <li>it has a <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> ≈19 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">kbp</a> in length</li> <li>it has an <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> genome that constitutes ≈1.1% of the virion mass</li> <li>its genome has a <a href="/wiki/Molecular_mass" title="Molecular mass">molecular weight</a> of ≈4.2<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000600000000000000♠"></span>6</span></sup></li> <li>its genome contains one or more <a href="/wiki/Overlapping_gene" title="Overlapping gene">gene overlaps</a></li> <li>its genome contains seven genes in the order <a href="/wiki/Three_prime_untranslated_region" title="Three prime untranslated region">3'-UTR</a>-<i>NP</i>-<i>VP35</i>-<i>VP40</i>-<i>GP</i>-<i>VP30</i>-<i>VP24</i>-<i>L</i>-<a href="/wiki/Five_prime_untranslated_region" title="Five prime untranslated region">5'-UTR</a></li> <li>its <i>VP24</i> gene is not <a href="/wiki/Sequence_homology" title="Sequence homology">homologous</a> to genes of other <a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">mononegaviruses</a></li> <li>its genome contains <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)">transcription</a> initiation and termination signals not found in genomes of other mononegaviruses</li> <li>it forms nucleocapsids with a <a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">buoyant density</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caesium_chloride" title="Caesium chloride">CsCl</a> of ≈1.32 g/cm<sup>3</sup></li> <li>it forms nucleocapsids with a central axial channel (≈10–15 nm in width) surrounded by a dark layer (≈20 nm in width) and an outer helical layer (≈50 nm in width) with a cross striation (periodicity of ≈5 nm)</li> <li>it expresses a class I fusion <a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">glycoprotein</a> that is highly <i>N</i>- and <i>O</i>-<a href="/wiki/Glycosylation" title="Glycosylation">glycosylated</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acylation" title="Acylation">acylated</a> at its cytoplasmic tail</li> <li>it expresses a primary <a href="/wiki/Viral_matrix_protein" title="Viral matrix protein">matrix protein</a> that is not glycosylated</li> <li>it forms virions that bud from the <a href="/wiki/Cell_membrane" title="Cell membrane">plasma membrane</a></li> <li>it forms virions that are predominantly filamentous (U- and 6-shaped) and that are ≈80 nm in width, and several hundred nm and up to 14 μm in length</li> <li>it forms virions that have surface projections ≈7 nm in length spaced ≈10 nm apart from each other</li> <li>it forms virions with a <a href="/wiki/Molecular_mass" title="Molecular mass">molecular mass</a> of ≈3.82<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000800000000000000♠"></span>8</span></sup>; an <a href="/wiki/Svedberg" title="Svedberg">S<sub>20W</sub></a> of at least 1.40; and a <a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">buoyant density</a> in <a href="/wiki/Potassium_tartrate" title="Potassium tartrate">potassium tartrate</a> of ≈1.14 g/cm<sup>3</sup></li> <li>it forms virions that are poorly <a href="/wiki/Neutralisation_(immunology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutralisation (immunology)">neutralized</a> <i><a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_organization">Family organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>Family <i>Filoviridae</i>: genera, species, and viruses </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Genus name </th> <th>Species name </th> <th>Virus name (abbreviation) </th></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cuevavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuevavirus">Cuevavirus</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Lloviu_cuevavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloviu cuevavirus">Lloviu cuevavirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lloviu_virus" title="Lloviu virus">Lloviu virus</a> (LLOV) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dianlovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dianlovirus">Dianlovirus</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mengla_dianlovirus" title="Mengla dianlovirus">Mengla dianlovirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mengla_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengla virus">Měnglà virus</a> (MLAV) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td rowspan="6"><i><a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus">Ebolavirus</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bombali_ebolavirus" title="Bombali ebolavirus">Bombali ebolavirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bombali_ebolavirus" title="Bombali ebolavirus">Bombali virus</a> (BOMV) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bundibugyo_ebolavirus" title="Bundibugyo ebolavirus">Bundibugyo ebolavirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bundibugyo_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundibugyo virus">Bundibugyo virus</a> (BDBV; previously BEBOV) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Reston_ebolavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Reston ebolavirus">Reston ebolavirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reston_virus" title="Reston virus">Reston virus</a> (RESTV; previously REBOV) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sudan_ebolavirus" title="Sudan ebolavirus">Sudan ebolavirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudan_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan virus">Sudan virus</a> (SUDV; previously SEBOV) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_Forest_ebolavirus" title="Taï Forest ebolavirus">Taï Forest ebolavirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_Forest_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Taï Forest virus">Taï Forest virus</a> (TAFV; previously CIEBOV) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Zaire_ebolavirus" title="Zaire ebolavirus">Zaire ebolavirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus">Ebola virus</a> (EBOV; previously ZEBOV) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Marburgvirus" title="Marburgvirus">Marburgvirus</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Marburg_marburgvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marburg marburgvirus">Marburg marburgvirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">Marburg virus</a> (MARV) </td></tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ravn_virus" title="Ravn virus">Ravn virus</a> (RAVV) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Striavirus (page does not exist)">Striavirus</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xilang_striavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xilang striavirus (page does not exist)">Xilang striavirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=X%C4%ABl%C7%8Eng_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xīlǎng virus (page does not exist)">Xīlǎng virus</a> (XILV) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus (page does not exist)">Thamnovirus</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huangjiao_thamnovirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huangjiao thamnovirus (page does not exist)">Huangjiao thamnovirus</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1ngji%C4%81o_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huángjiāo virus (page does not exist)">Huángjiāo virus</a> (HUJV) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phylogenetics">Phylogenetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phylogenetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mutation rates in these genomes have been estimated to be between 0.46 × 10<sup>−4</sup> and 8.21 × 10<sup>−4</sup> nucleotide substitutions/site/year.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll2012_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent common ancestor of sequenced filovirus variants was estimated to be 1971 (1960–1976) for Ebola virus, 1970 (1948–1987) for Reston virus, and 1969 (1956–1976) for Sudan virus, with the most recent common ancestor among the four species included in the analysis (Ebola virus, Tai Forest virus, Sudan virus, and Reston virus) estimated at 1000–2100 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_and_Chen_2014_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_and_Chen_2014-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent common ancestor of the Marburg and Sudan species appears to have evolved 700 and 850 years before present respectively. Although mutational clocks placed the divergence time of extant filoviruses at ~10,000 years before the present, dating of orthologous endogenous elements (paleoviruses) in the genomes of hamsters and voles indicated that the extant genera of filovirids had a common ancestor at least as old as the Miocene (~16–23 million or so years ago).<sup id="cite_ref-Cite_doi|_10.7717/peerj.556_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cite_doi|_10.7717/peerj.556-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Filoviridae cladogram is the following:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HB_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%; line-height:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Filoviridae  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoebolavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthoebolavirus (page does not exist)">Orthoebolavirus</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoebolavirus_bundibugyoense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthoebolavirus bundibugyoense (page does not exist)">Orthoebolavirus bundibugyoense</a></i> (BDBV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoebolavirus_taiense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthoebolavirus taiense (page does not exist)">Orthoebolavirus taiense</a></i> (TAFV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoebolavirus_zairense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthoebolavirus zairense (page does not exist)">Orthoebolavirus zairense</a></i> = Ebola virus (EBOV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoebolavirus_bombaliense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthoebolavirus bombaliense (page does not exist)">Orthoebolavirus bombaliense</a></i> (BOMV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoebolavirus_sudanense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthoebolavirus sudanense (page does not exist)">Orthoebolavirus sudanense</a></i> (SUDV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoebolavirus_restonense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthoebolavirus restonense (page does not exist)">Orthoebolavirus restonense</a></i> (RESTV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuevavirus_lloviuense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuevavirus lloviuense (page does not exist)">Cuevavirus lloviuense</a></i> = Lloviu virus (LLOV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="?">?</a></i> Dehong virus (DEHV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthomarburgvirus_marburgense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthomarburgvirus marburgense (page does not exist)">Orthomarburgvirus marburgense</a></i> (Marburg virus & Ravn virus) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dianlovirus_menglaense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dianlovirus menglaense (page does not exist)">Dianlovirus menglaense</a></i> = Měnglà virus (MLAV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapjovirus_bothropis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapjovirus bothropis (page does not exist)">Tapjovirus bothropis</a></i> = Tapajós virus (TAPV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striavirus_antennarii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Striavirus antennarii (page does not exist)">Striavirus antennarii</a></i> = Xīlǎng virus (XILV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus (page does not exist)">Thamnovirus</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus_percae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus percae (page does not exist)">Thamnovirus percae</a></i> = Fiwi virus (FIWIV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus_kanderense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus kanderense (page does not exist)">Thamnovirus kanderense</a></i> = Kander virus (KNDV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus_thamnaconi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus thamnaconi (page does not exist)">Thamnovirus thamnaconi</a></i> = Huángjiāo virus (HUJV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblavirus_percae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblavirus percae (page does not exist)">Oblavirus percae</a></i> = Oberland virus (OBLV) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleovirology">Paleovirology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Paleovirology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paleoviral elements are known from each of the four main divergent clades of filoviruses. While orthologous elements in mammal genomes support a minimum age for filoviruses of tens of million of years, the existence of filoviruses and their elements in divergent lineages of fishes suggests that the virus family is hundreds of millions of years old.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paleoviruses that appear to be derived from filovirus-like viruses have been identified in the genomes of many small-bodied species including <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrew" title="Shrew">shrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenrec" title="Tenrec">tenrecs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarsier" title="Tarsier">tarsiers</a>,<a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">marsupials</a><sup id="cite_ref-Taylor2010_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor2010-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Belyi2010_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belyi2010-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Katzourakis2010_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katzourakis2010-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fishes.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although most filovirus-like elements appear to be <a href="/wiki/Pseudogene" title="Pseudogene">pseudogenes</a>, evolutionary and structural analyses suggest that <a href="/wiki/Homology_(biology)#Orthology" title="Homology (biology)">orthologs</a> isolated from several species of the bat genus <i><a href="/wiki/Myotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Myotis">Myotis</a></i> and the rodent family Spalacidae have been maintained by selection.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaccines">Vaccines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vaccines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are presently very limited vaccines for known filovirus.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An effective vaccine against EBOV, developed in Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was approved for use in 2019 in the US and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, efforts to develop a vaccine against Marburg virus are under way.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mutation_concerns_and_pandemic_potential">Mutation concerns and pandemic potential</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mutation concerns and pandemic potential"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has been a pressing concern that a very slight genetic mutation to a filovirus such as <a href="/wiki/EBOV" class="mw-redirect" title="EBOV">EBOV</a> could result in a change in transmission system from direct body fluid transmission to airborne transmission, as was seen in Reston virus (another member of genus Ebolavirus) between infected macaques. A similar change in the current circulating strains of EBOV could greatly increase the infection and disease rates caused by EBOV. However, there is no record of any Ebola strain ever having made this transition in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a>’s National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center considers the risk of a mutated <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus">Ebola virus</a> strain with aerosol transmission capability emerging in the future as a serious threat to national security and has collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</a> to design methods to detect EBOV aerosols.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Filoviridae">"Filoviridae"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Filoviridae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FFiloviridae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhnAmarasingheBaslerBavari2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kuhn, JH; Amarasinghe, GK; Basler, CF; Bavari, S; Bukreyev, A; Chandran, K; Crozier, I; Dolnik, O; Dye, JM; Formenty, PBH; Griffiths, A; Hewson, R; <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kobinger" title="Gary Kobinger">Kobinger, GP</a>; Leroy, EM; Mühlberger, E; Netesov, SV; Palacios, G; Pályi, B; Pawęska, JT; Smither, SJ; Takada, A; Towner, JS; Wahl, V; ICTV Report, Consortium (June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7011696">"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Filoviridae"</a>. <i>The Journal of General Virology</i>. <b>100</b> (6): 911–912. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fjgv.0.001252">10.1099/jgv.0.001252</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7011696">7011696</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31021739">31021739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+General+Virology&rft.atitle=ICTV+Virus+Taxonomy+Profile%3A+Filoviridae.&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=911-912&rft.date=2019-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7011696%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31021739&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1099%2Fjgv.0.001252&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=JH&rft.au=Amarasinghe%2C+GK&rft.au=Basler%2C+CF&rft.au=Bavari%2C+S&rft.au=Bukreyev%2C+A&rft.au=Chandran%2C+K&rft.au=Crozier%2C+I&rft.au=Dolnik%2C+O&rft.au=Dye%2C+JM&rft.au=Formenty%2C+PBH&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+A&rft.au=Hewson%2C+R&rft.au=Kobinger%2C+GP&rft.au=Leroy%2C+EM&rft.au=M%C3%BChlberger%2C+E&rft.au=Netesov%2C+SV&rft.au=Palacios%2C+G&rft.au=P%C3%A1lyi%2C+B&rft.au=Paw%C4%99ska%2C+JT&rft.au=Smither%2C+SJ&rft.au=Takada%2C+A&rft.au=Towner%2C+JS&rft.au=Wahl%2C+V&rft.au=ICTV+Report%2C+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7011696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kiley1982-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kiley1982_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiley1982_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiley1982_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKileyBowenEddyIsaäcson1982" class="citation journal cs1">Kiley MP, Bowen ET, Eddy GA, Isaäcson M, Johnson KM, McCormick JB, Murphy FA, Pattyn SR, Peters D, Prozesky OW, Regnery RL, Simpson DI, Slenczka W, Sureau P, van der Groen G, Webb PA, Wulff H (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000149300">"Filoviridae: A taxonomic home for Marburg and Ebola viruses?"</a>. <i>Intervirology</i>. <b>18</b> (1–2): 24–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000149300">10.1159/000149300</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7118520">7118520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intervirology&rft.atitle=Filoviridae%3A+A+taxonomic+home+for+Marburg+and+Ebola+viruses%3F&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=24-32&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000149300&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7118520&rft.aulast=Kiley&rft.aufirst=MP&rft.au=Bowen%2C+ET&rft.au=Eddy%2C+GA&rft.au=Isa%C3%A4cson%2C+M&rft.au=Johnson%2C+KM&rft.au=McCormick%2C+JB&rft.au=Murphy%2C+FA&rft.au=Pattyn%2C+SR&rft.au=Peters%2C+D&rft.au=Prozesky%2C+OW&rft.au=Regnery%2C+RL&rft.au=Simpson%2C+DI&rft.au=Slenczka%2C+W&rft.au=Sureau%2C+P&rft.au=van+der+Groen%2C+G&rft.au=Webb%2C+PA&rft.au=Wulff%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1159%252F000149300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SelectAgents-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SelectAgents_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service_(APHIS)_and_US_Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_(CDC)" class="citation web cs1">US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.selectagents.gov">"National Select Agent Registry (NSAR)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Select+Agent+Registry+%28NSAR%29&rft.au=US+Animal+and+Plant+Health+Inspection+Service+%28APHIS%29+and+US+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.selectagents.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMBL5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BMBL5_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="citation web cs1">US Department of Health and Human Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/">"Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biosafety+in+Microbiological+and+Biomedical+Laboratories+%28BMBL%29+5th+Edition&rft.au=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fbiosafety%2Fpublications%2Fbmbl5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PriorityPathogens-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PriorityPathogens_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_National_Institutes_of_Health_(NIH),_US_National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases_(NIAID)" class="citation web cs1">US National Institutes of Health (NIH), US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111022004715/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/biodefenserelated/biodefense/research/pages/cata.aspx">"Biodefense — NIAID Category A, B, and C Priority Pathogens"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/biodefenserelated/biodefense/research/pages/cata.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biodefense+%E2%80%94+NIAID+Category+A%2C+B%2C+and+C+Priority+Pathogens&rft.au=US+National+Institutes+of+Health+%28NIH%29%2C+US+National+Institute+of+Allergy+and+Infectious+Diseases+%28NIAID%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niaid.nih.gov%2Ftopics%2Fbiodefenserelated%2Fbiodefense%2Fresearch%2Fpages%2Fcata.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CategoryBioterrorism-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CategoryBioterrorism_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_(CDC)" class="citation web cs1">US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140722181901/http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp">"Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp">the original</a> on July 22, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bioterrorism+Agents%2FDiseases&rft.au=US+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.cdc.gov%2Fagent%2Fagentlist-category.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AustraliaGroup-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AustraliaGroup_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Australia_Group" class="citation web cs1">The Australia Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806112546/http://www.australiagroup.net/en/biological_agents.html">"List of Biological Agents for Export Control"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.australiagroup.net/en/biological_agents.html">the original</a> on 2011-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Biological+Agents+for+Export+Control&rft.au=The+Australia+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.australiagroup.net%2Fen%2Fbiological_agents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick1991" class="citation book cs1">McCormick, J. B. (1991). "Family Filoviridae". In Francki, R. I. B.; Fauquet, C. M.; Knudson, D. L.; et al. (eds.). <i>Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses-Fifth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement</i>. Vol. 2. Vienna, Austria: Springer. pp. 247–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-82286-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-387-82286-0"><bdi>0-387-82286-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Filoviridae&rft.btitle=Classification+and+Nomenclature+of+Viruses-Fifth+Report+of+the+International+Committee+on+Taxonomy+of+Viruses.+Archives+of+Virology+Supplement&rft.place=Vienna%2C+Austria&rft.pages=247-49&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-387-82286-0&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=J.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahrlingKileyKlenkPeters1995" class="citation book cs1">Jahrling, P. B.; Kiley, M. P.; Klenk, H.-D.; Peters, C. J.; Sanchez, A.; Swanepoel, R. (1995). "Family Filoviridae". In Murphy, F. A.; Fauquet, C. M.; Bishop, D. H. L.; Ghabrial, S. A.; Jarvis, A. W.; Martelli, G. P.; Mayo, M. A.; Summers, M. D. (eds.). <i>Virus Taxonomy—Sixth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement</i>. Vol. 10. Vienna, Austria: Springer. pp. 289–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-211-82594-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-211-82594-0"><bdi>3-211-82594-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Filoviridae&rft.btitle=Virus+Taxonomy%E2%80%94Sixth+Report+of+the+International+Committee+on+Taxonomy+of+Viruses.+Archives+of+Virology+Supplement&rft.place=Vienna%2C+Austria&rft.pages=289-92&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=3-211-82594-0&rft.aulast=Jahrling&rft.aufirst=P.+B.&rft.au=Kiley%2C+M.+P.&rft.au=Klenk%2C+H.-D.&rft.au=Peters%2C+C.+J.&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+A.&rft.au=Swanepoel%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetesovFeldmannJahrlingKlenk2000" class="citation book cs1">Netesov, S.V.; Feldmann, H.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H. D.; Sanchez, A. (2000). "Family Filoviridae". In van Regenmortel, M. H. V.; Fauquet, C. M.; Bishop, D. H. L.; Carstens, E. B.; Estes, M. K.; Lemon, S. M.; Maniloff, J.; Mayo, M. A.; McGeoch, D. J.; Pringle, C. R.; Wickner, R. B. (eds.). <i>Virus Taxonomy—Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</i>. San Diego, USA: Academic Press. pp. 539–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-370200-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-370200-3"><bdi>0-12-370200-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Filoviridae&rft.btitle=Virus+Taxonomy%E2%80%94Seventh+Report+of+the+International+Committee+on+Taxonomy+of+Viruses&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+USA&rft.pages=539-48&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-12-370200-3&rft.aulast=Netesov&rft.aufirst=S.V.&rft.au=Feldmann%2C+H.&rft.au=Jahrling%2C+P.+B.&rft.au=Klenk%2C+H.+D.&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feldmann2005-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Feldmann2005_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feldmann2005_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldmannGeisbertJahrlingKlenk2005" class="citation book cs1">Feldmann, H.; Geisbert, T. W.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H.-D.; Netesov, S. V.; Peters, C. J.; Sanchez, A.; Swanepoel, R.; Volchkov, V. E. (2005). "Family Filoviridae". In Fauquet, C. M.; Mayo, M. A.; Maniloff, J.; Desselberger, U.; Ball, L. A. (eds.). <i>Virus Taxonomy—Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</i>. San Diego, USA: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 645–653. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-370200-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-370200-3"><bdi>0-12-370200-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Filoviridae&rft.btitle=Virus+Taxonomy%E2%80%94Eighth+Report+of+the+International+Committee+on+Taxonomy+of+Viruses&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+USA&rft.pages=645-653&rft.pub=Elsevier%2FAcademic+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-12-370200-3&rft.aulast=Feldmann&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Geisbert%2C+T.+W.&rft.au=Jahrling%2C+P.+B.&rft.au=Klenk%2C+H.-D.&rft.au=Netesov%2C+S.+V.&rft.au=Peters%2C+C.+J.&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+A.&rft.au=Swanepoel%2C+R.&rft.au=Volchkov%2C+V.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KuhnArch-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuhnArch_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhnBeckerEbiharaGeisbert2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kuhn JH, Becker S, Ebihara H, Geisbert TW, Johnson KM, Kawaoka Y, Lipkin WI, Negredo AI, Netesov SV, Nichol ST, Palacios G, Peters CJ, Tenorio A, Volchkov VE, Jahrling PB (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074192">"Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: Classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations"</a>. <i>Archives of Virology</i>. <b>155</b> (12): 2083–2103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00705-010-0814-x">10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074192">3074192</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21046175">21046175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Proposal+for+a+revised+taxonomy+of+the+family+Filoviridae%3A+Classification%2C+names+of+taxa+and+viruses%2C+and+virus+abbreviations&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2083-2103&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3074192%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21046175&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00705-010-0814-x&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=JH&rft.au=Becker%2C+S&rft.au=Ebihara%2C+H&rft.au=Geisbert%2C+TW&rft.au=Johnson%2C+KM&rft.au=Kawaoka%2C+Y&rft.au=Lipkin%2C+WI&rft.au=Negredo%2C+AI&rft.au=Netesov%2C+SV&rft.au=Nichol%2C+ST&rft.au=Palacios%2C+G&rft.au=Peters%2C+CJ&rft.au=Tenorio%2C+A&rft.au=Volchkov%2C+VE&rft.au=Jahrling%2C+PB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3074192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kuhn2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn2011_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn2011_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn2011_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhnBeckerEbiharaGeisbert2011" class="citation book cs1">Kuhn, J. H.; Becker, S.; Ebihara, H.; Geisbert, T. W.; Jahrling, P. B.; Kawaoka, Y.; Netesov, S. V.; Nichol, S. T.; Peters, C. J.; Volchkov, V. E.; Ksiazek, T. G. (2011). "Family Filoviridae". In King, Andrew M. Q.; Adams, Michael J.; Carstens, Eric B.; et al. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/virustaxonomyixt00king"><i>Virus Taxonomy—Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</i></a></span>. London, UK: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/virustaxonomyixt00king/page/n636">665</a>–671. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-384684-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-384684-6"><bdi>978-0-12-384684-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Filoviridae&rft.btitle=Virus+Taxonomy%E2%80%94Ninth+Report+of+the+International+Committee+on+Taxonomy+of+Viruses&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=665-671&rft.pub=Elsevier%2FAcademic+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-12-384684-6&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S.&rft.au=Ebihara%2C+H.&rft.au=Geisbert%2C+T.+W.&rft.au=Jahrling%2C+P.+B.&rft.au=Kawaoka%2C+Y.&rft.au=Netesov%2C+S.+V.&rft.au=Nichol%2C+S.+T.&rft.au=Peters%2C+C.+J.&rft.au=Volchkov%2C+V.+E.&rft.au=Ksiazek%2C+T.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvirustaxonomyixt00king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carroll2012-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carroll2012_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrollTownerSealyMcMullan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Carroll SA, Towner JS, Sealy TK, McMullan LK, Khristova ML, Burt FJ, Swanepoel R, Rollin PE, Nichol ST (March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3571414">"Molecular evolution of viruses of the family Filoviridae based on 97 whole-genome sequences"</a>. <i>J. Virol</i>. <b>87</b> (5): 2608–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJVI.03118-12">10.1128/JVI.03118-12</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3571414">3571414</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23255795">23255795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Virol.&rft.atitle=Molecular+evolution+of+viruses+of+the+family+Filoviridae+based+on+97+whole-genome+sequences&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=2608-16&rft.date=2013-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3571414%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23255795&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FJVI.03118-12&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Towner%2C+JS&rft.au=Sealy%2C+TK&rft.au=McMullan%2C+LK&rft.au=Khristova%2C+ML&rft.au=Burt%2C+FJ&rft.au=Swanepoel%2C+R&rft.au=Rollin%2C+PE&rft.au=Nichol%2C+ST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3571414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li_and_Chen_2014-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Li_and_Chen_2014_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiChen2014" class="citation journal cs1">Li YH, Chen SP (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8594C381318B4E265B898A30EE665A49/S0950268813002215a.pdf/evolutionary_history_of_ebola_virus.pdf">"Evolutionary history of Ebola virus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Epidemiol. Infect</i>. <b>142</b> (6): 1138–1145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0950268813002215">10.1017/S0950268813002215</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9151191">9151191</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24040779">24040779</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9873900">9873900</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiol.+Infect.&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+history+of+Ebola+virus&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1138-1145&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9151191%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9873900%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24040779&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0950268813002215&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=YH&rft.au=Chen%2C+SP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F8594C381318B4E265B898A30EE665A49%2FS0950268813002215a.pdf%2Fevolutionary_history_of_ebola_virus.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cite_doi|_10.7717/peerj.556-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cite_doi|_10.7717/peerj.556_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorBallingerZhanHanzly2014" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, D. J.; Ballinger, M. J.; Zhan, J. J.; Hanzly, L. E.; Bruenn, J. A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157239">"Evidence that ebolaviruses and cuevaviruses have been diverging from marburgviruses since the Miocene"</a>. <i>PeerJ</i>. <b>2</b>: e556. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.556">10.7717/peerj.556</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157239">4157239</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25237605">25237605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PeerJ&rft.atitle=Evidence+that+ebolaviruses+and+cuevaviruses+have+been+diverging+from+marburgviruses+since+the+Miocene&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=e556&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4157239%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25237605&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7717%2Fpeerj.556&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=D.+J.&rft.au=Ballinger%2C+M.+J.&rft.au=Zhan%2C+J.+J.&rft.au=Hanzly%2C+L.+E.&rft.au=Bruenn%2C+J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4157239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelanie_M._Hierweger,_Michel_C._Koch,_Melanie_Rupp,_Piet_Maes,_Nicholas_Di_Paola,_Rémy_Bruggmann,_Jens_H._Kuhn,_Heike_Schmidt-Posthaus_&_Torsten_Seuberlich2021" class="citation journal cs1">Melanie M. Hierweger, Michel C. Koch, Melanie Rupp, Piet Maes, Nicholas Di Paola, Rémy Bruggmann, Jens H. Kuhn, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus & Torsten Seuberlich (2021-11-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8632185">"Novel Filoviruses, Hantavirus, and Rhabdovirus in Freshwater Fish, Switzerland, 2017"</a>. <i>Emerging Infectious Diseases</i>. <b>27</b> (12): 3082–3091. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3201%2Feid2712.210491">10.3201/eid2712.210491</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8632185">8632185</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34808081">34808081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Novel+Filoviruses%2C+Hantavirus%2C+and+Rhabdovirus+in+Freshwater+Fish%2C+Switzerland%2C+2017&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=3082-3091&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8632185%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34808081&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3201%2Feid2712.210491&rft.au=Melanie+M.+Hierweger%2C+Michel+C.+Koch%2C+Melanie+Rupp%2C+Piet+Maes%2C+Nicholas+Di+Paola%2C+R%C3%A9my+Bruggmann%2C+Jens+H.+Kuhn%2C+Heike+Schmidt-Posthaus+%26+Torsten+Seuberlich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8632185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HB-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HB_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiao_He,_Tingsong_Hu,_Xiaomin_Yan,_Fuqiang_Zhang,_Changchun_Tu2023" class="citation journal cs1">Biao He, Tingsong Hu, Xiaomin Yan, Fuqiang Zhang, Changchun Tu (2023-08-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F2023.08.07.552227">"Detection and characterization of a novel bat filovirus (Dehong virus, DEHV) in fruit bats"</a>. <i>bioRxiv</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F2023.08.07.552227">10.1101/2023.08.07.552227</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bioRxiv&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+of+a+novel+bat+filovirus+%28Dehong+virus%2C+DEHV%29+in+fruit+bats&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2F2023.08.07.552227&rft.au=Biao+He%2C+Tingsong+Hu%2C+Xiaomin+Yan%2C+Fuqiang+Zhang%2C+Changchun+Tu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%252F2023.08.07.552227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorBarnhart2024" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Derek J.; Barnhart, Max H. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11398700">"Genomic transfers help to decipher the ancient evolution of filoviruses and interactions with vertebrate hosts"</a>. <i>PLOS Pathogens</i>. <b>20</b> (9): e1011864. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1011864">10.1371/journal.ppat.1011864</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11398700">11398700</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39226335">39226335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Pathogens&rft.atitle=Genomic+transfers+help+to+decipher+the+ancient+evolution+of+filoviruses+and+interactions+with+vertebrate+hosts&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e1011864&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11398700%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F39226335&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1011864&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Derek+J.&rft.au=Barnhart%2C+Max+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11398700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor2010-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor2010_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorLeachBruenn2010" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor DJ, Leach RW, Bruenn J (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906475">"Filoviruses are ancient and integrated into mammalian genomes"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 193. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010BMCEE..10..193T">2010BMCEE..10..193T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-10-193">10.1186/1471-2148-10-193</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906475">2906475</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20569424">20569424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Filoviruses+are+ancient+and+integrated+into+mammalian+genomes&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=193&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2906475%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20569424&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-10-193&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010BMCEE..10..193T&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Leach%2C+RW&rft.au=Bruenn%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2906475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belyi2010-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Belyi2010_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelyiLevineSkalka2010" class="citation journal cs1">Belyi VA, Levine AJ, Skalka AM (2010). Buchmeier (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2912400">"Unexpected Inheritance: Multiple Integrations of Ancient Bornavirus and Ebolavirus/Marburgvirus Sequences in Vertebrate Genomes"</a>. <i>PLOS Pathogens</i>. <b>6</b> (7): e1001030. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1001030">10.1371/journal.ppat.1001030</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2912400">2912400</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20686665">20686665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Pathogens&rft.atitle=Unexpected+Inheritance%3A+Multiple+Integrations+of+Ancient+Bornavirus+and+Ebolavirus%2FMarburgvirus+Sequences+in+Vertebrate+Genomes&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=e1001030&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2912400%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20686665&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1001030&rft.aulast=Belyi&rft.aufirst=VA&rft.au=Levine%2C+AJ&rft.au=Skalka%2C+AM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2912400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Katzourakis2010-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Katzourakis2010_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatzourakisGifford2010" class="citation journal cs1">Katzourakis A, Gifford RJ (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987831">"Endogenous Viral Elements in Animal Genomes"</a>. <i>PLOS Genetics</i>. <b>6</b> (11): e1001191. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1001191">10.1371/journal.pgen.1001191</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987831">2987831</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21124940">21124940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Genetics&rft.atitle=Endogenous+Viral+Elements+in+Animal+Genomes&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e1001191&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2987831%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21124940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1001191&rft.aulast=Katzourakis&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Gifford%2C+RJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2987831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorBarnhart2024" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Derek J.; Barnhart, Max H. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11398700">"Genomic transfers help to decipher the ancient evolution of filoviruses and interactions with vertebrate hosts"</a>. <i>PLOS Pathogens</i>. <b>20</b> (9): e1011864. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1011864">10.1371/journal.ppat.1011864</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11398700">11398700</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39226335">39226335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Pathogens&rft.atitle=Genomic+transfers+help+to+decipher+the+ancient+evolution+of+filoviruses+and+interactions+with+vertebrate+hosts&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e1011864&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11398700%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F39226335&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1011864&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Derek+J.&rft.au=Barnhart%2C+Max+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11398700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorDittmarBallingerBruenn2011" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor DJ, Dittmar K, Ballinger MJ, Bruenn JA (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229293">"Evolutionary maintenance of filovirus-like genes in bat genomes"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>11</b> (336): 336. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BMCEE..11..336T">2011BMCEE..11..336T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-11-336">10.1186/1471-2148-11-336</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229293">3229293</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22093762">22093762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+maintenance+of+filovirus-like+genes+in+bat+genomes&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=336&rft.pages=336&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3229293%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22093762&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-11-336&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011BMCEE..11..336T&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Dittmar%2C+K&rft.au=Ballinger%2C+MJ&rft.au=Bruenn%2C+JA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3229293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorBarnhart2024" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Derek J.; Barnhart, Max H. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11398700">"Genomic transfers help to decipher the ancient evolution of filoviruses and interactions with vertebrate hosts"</a>. <i>PLOS Pathogens</i>. <b>20</b> (9): e1011864. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1011864">10.1371/journal.ppat.1011864</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11398700">11398700</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39226335">39226335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Pathogens&rft.atitle=Genomic+transfers+help+to+decipher+the+ancient+evolution+of+filoviruses+and+interactions+with+vertebrate+hosts&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e1011864&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11398700%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F39226335&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1011864&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Derek+J.&rft.au=Barnhart%2C+Max+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11398700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersLeDuc1999" class="citation journal cs1">Peters CJ, LeDuc JW (February 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F514322">"An Introduction to Ebola: The Virus and the Disease"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Infectious_Diseases" title="The Journal of Infectious Diseases">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</a></i>. <b>179</b> (Supplement 1): ix–xvi. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F514322">10.1086/514322</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30117592">30117592</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9988154">9988154</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+Ebola%3A+The+Virus+and+the+Disease&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=Supplement+1&rft.pages=ix-xvi&rft.date=1999-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9988154&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30117592%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F514322&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=CJ&rft.au=LeDuc%2C+JW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F514322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlummerJones2017" class="citation journal cs1">Plummer, Francis A.; Jones, Steven M. (2017-10-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5662448">"The story of Canada's Ebola vaccine"</a>. <i>CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal</i>. <b>189</b> (43): E1326–E1327. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.170704">10.1503/cmaj.170704</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0820-3946">0820-3946</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5662448">5662448</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29084758">29084758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CMAJ%3A+Canadian+Medical+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=The+story+of+Canada%27s+Ebola+vaccine&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=43&rft.pages=E1326-E1327&rft.date=2017-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5662448%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0820-3946&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29084758&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1503%2Fcmaj.170704&rft.aulast=Plummer&rft.aufirst=Francis+A.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Steven+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5662448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFResearch2020" class="citation journal cs1">Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and (2020-01-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/ervebo">"ERVEBO"</a>. <i>FDA</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=ERVEBO&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft.aulast=Research&rft.aufirst=Center+for+Biologics+Evaluation+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fvaccines-blood-biologics%2Fervebo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCZARSKA-THORLEY2019" class="citation web cs1">CZARSKA-THORLEY, Dagmara (2019-10-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ervebo">"Ervebo"</a>. <i>European Medicines Agency</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Medicines+Agency&rft.atitle=Ervebo&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft.aulast=CZARSKA-THORLEY&rft.aufirst=Dagmara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fmedicines%2Fhuman%2FEPAR%2Fervebo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeshwaraHagenAbreu-MotaPapaneri2019" class="citation journal cs1">Keshwara, Rohan; Hagen, Katie R.; Abreu-Mota, Tiago; Papaneri, Amy B.; Liu, David; Wirblich, Christoph; Johnson, Reed F.; Schnell, Matthias J. (2019-03-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6401435">"A Recombinant Rabies Virus Expressing the Marburg Virus Glycoprotein Is Dependent upon Antibody-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity for Protection against Marburg Virus Disease in a Murine Model"</a>. <i>Journal of Virology</i>. <b>93</b> (6). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJVI.01865-18">10.1128/JVI.01865-18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-538X">0022-538X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6401435">6401435</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30567978">30567978</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=A+Recombinant+Rabies+Virus+Expressing+the+Marburg+Virus+Glycoprotein+Is+Dependent+upon+Antibody-Mediated+Cellular+Cytotoxicity+for+Protection+against+Marburg+Virus+Disease+in+a+Murine+Model&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2019-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6401435%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0022-538X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30567978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FJVI.01865-18&rft.aulast=Keshwara&rft.aufirst=Rohan&rft.au=Hagen%2C+Katie+R.&rft.au=Abreu-Mota%2C+Tiago&rft.au=Papaneri%2C+Amy+B.&rft.au=Liu%2C+David&rft.au=Wirblich%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Reed+F.&rft.au=Schnell%2C+Matthias+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6401435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelland2014" class="citation web cs1">Kelland, Kate (19 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-ebola-mutations-idUSKBN0HE0O320140919">"Scientists see risk of mutant airborne Ebola as remote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scientists+see+risk+of+mutant+airborne+Ebola+as+remote&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2014-09-19&rft.aulast=Kelland&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-health-ebola-mutations-idUSKBN0HE0O320140919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2021/04/20/feature-article-new-tech-makes-detecting-airborne-ebola-virus-possible">"Feature Article: New Tech Makes Detecting Airborne Ebola Virus Possible"</a>. <i>Department of Homeland Security</i>. 20 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft.atitle=Feature+Article%3A+New+Tech+Makes+Detecting+Airborne+Ebola+Virus+Possible&rft.date=2021-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fscience-and-technology%2Fnews%2F2021%2F04%2F20%2Ffeature-article-new-tech-makes-detecting-airborne-ebola-virus-possible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlenk1999" class="citation book cs1">Klenk, Hans-Dieter (1999). <i>Marburg and Ebola Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology</i>. Vol. 235. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64729-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64729-4"><bdi>978-3-540-64729-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marburg+and+Ebola+Viruses.+Current+Topics+in+Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-540-64729-4&rft.aulast=Klenk&rft.aufirst=Hans-Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlenkFeldmann2004" class="citation book cs1">Klenk, Hans-Dieter; Feldmann, Heinz (2004). <i>Ebola and Marburg Viruses—Molecular and Cellular Biology</i>. Wymondham, Norfolk, UK: Horizon Bioscience. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9545232-3-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9545232-3-7"><bdi>978-0-9545232-3-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ebola+and+Marburg+Viruses%E2%80%94Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology&rft.place=Wymondham%2C+Norfolk%2C+UK&rft.pub=Horizon+Bioscience&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-9545232-3-7&rft.aulast=Klenk&rft.aufirst=Hans-Dieter&rft.au=Feldmann%2C+Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhn2008" class="citation book cs1">Kuhn, Jens H. (2008). <i>Filoviruses—A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement</i>. Vol. 20. Vienna, Austria: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-211-20670-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-211-20670-6"><bdi>978-3-211-20670-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Filoviruses%E2%80%94A+Compendium+of+40+Years+of+Epidemiological%2C+Clinical%2C+and+Laboratory+Studies.+Archives+of+Virology+Supplement&rft.place=Vienna%2C+Austria&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-211-20670-6&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Jens+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyabchikovaPrice2004" class="citation book cs1">Ryabchikova, Elena I.; Price, Barbara B. (2004). <i>Ebola and Marburg Viruses—A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy</i>. Columbus, Ohio, USA: Battelle Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57477-131-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57477-131-2"><bdi>978-1-57477-131-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ebola+and+Marburg+Viruses%E2%80%94A+View+of+Infection+Using+Electron+Microscopy&rft.place=Columbus%2C+Ohio%2C+USA&rft.pub=Battelle+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57477-131-2&rft.aulast=Ryabchikova&rft.aufirst=Elena+I.&rft.au=Price%2C+Barbara+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Filoviridae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Filoviridae">Filoviridae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Filoviridae">Filoviridae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ictv.global/report/filoviridae"><b>ICTV Report:</b> <i>Filoviridae</i></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=11266">"<i>Filoviridae</i>"</a>. <i>NCBI Taxonomy Browser</i>. 11266.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCBI+Taxonomy+Browser&rft.atitle=Filoviridae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2FTaxonomy%2FBrowser%2Fwwwtax.cgi%3Fmode%3DInfo%26id%3D11266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730224033/http://www.filovir.com/">"<i>FILOVIR</i>"</a>. Scientific resources for research on filoviruses. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filovir.com/">the original</a> on 2020-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FILOVIR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filovir.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiloviridae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rexresearch.com/ebola/seleniumebola.htm"><b>Theoretical Evidence That The Ebola Virus Zaire Strain May Be Selenium-Dependent: A Factor In Pathogenesis And Viral Outbreaks?</b> <i>Taylor 1995</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/BJMMR_12/2014/Dec/Lipinski632014BJMMR14858.pdf"><b>Can Selenite Be An Ultimate Inhibitor Of Ebola And Other Viral Infections?</b> <i>Lipinski 2015</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201119203852/http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/BJMMR_12/2014/Dec/Lipinski632014BJMMR14858.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-11-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/06/health/ebola-immunity.html"><b>Many In West Africa May Be Immune To Ebola Virus</b> <i>New York Times</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Filoviridae" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Filoviridae" title="Template:Filoviridae"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Filoviridae" title="Template talk:Filoviridae"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Filoviridae" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Filoviridae"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Filoviridae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Filoviridae</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus">Ebolavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ebola_outbreaks" title="List of Ebola outbreaks">Outbreaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease#Sudan_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">1976 Sudan outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Zaire_Ebola_virus_outbreak" title="1976 Zaire Ebola virus outbreak">1976 Zaire outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western African Ebola virus epidemic">2013−2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic_timeline" title="West African Ebola virus epidemic timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic_timeline_of_reported_cases_and_deaths" title="West African Ebola virus epidemic timeline of reported cases and deaths">Reported cases and deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Ebola_Response_Fund" title="United Nations Ebola Response Fund">United Nations Ebola Response Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_United_Assistance" title="Operation United Assistance">Operation United Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_epidemic_in_Guinea" title="Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea">in Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_epidemic_in_Liberia" title="Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia">in Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease_in_Mali" title="Ebola virus disease in Mali">in Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_in_Nigeria" title="Ebola in Nigeria">in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_epidemic_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone">in Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease_in_Spain" title="Ebola virus disease in Spain">in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_cases_in_the_United_States" title="Ebola virus cases in the United States">in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease in the United Kingdom">in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouse_to_Ouse_Tock" title="Ouse to Ouse Tock">Ouse to Ouse Tock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womey_massacre" title="Womey massacre">Womey massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>Recent DR Congo outbreaks and epidemics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Ebola_virus_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Ebola_virus_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_%C3%89quateur_province_Ebola_outbreak" title="2018 Équateur province Ebola outbreak">2018 Équateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ebola_epidemic" title="Kivu Ebola epidemic">Kivu epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ebola_epidemic#2020_Équateur_Province_outbreak_and_other_regional_health_issues" title="Kivu Ebola epidemic">2020 Équateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_North_Kivu_Ebola" title="2021 North Kivu Ebola">2021 North Kivu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bundibugyo_ebolavirus" title="Bundibugyo ebolavirus">Bundibugyo ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundibugyo_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundibugyo virus">BDBV</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reston_virus" title="Reston virus">Reston ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li>RESTV</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sudan_ebolavirus" title="Sudan ebolavirus">Sudan ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan virus">SUDV</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_Forest_ebolavirus" title="Taï Forest ebolavirus">Taï Forest ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_Forest_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Taï Forest virus">TAFV</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaire_ebolavirus" title="Zaire ebolavirus">Zaire ebolavirus</a></i> <ul><li>EBOV</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drug candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galidesivir" title="Galidesivir">BCX4430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brincidofovir" title="Brincidofovir">Brincidofovir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Deazaneplanocin_A" title="3-Deazaneplanocin A">DZNep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favipiravir" title="Favipiravir">Favipiravir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-103" title="FGI-103">FGI-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-104" title="FGI-104">FGI-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-106" title="FGI-106">FGI-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JK-05" title="JK-05">JK-05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamivudine" title="Lamivudine">Lamivudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAb114" class="mw-redirect" title="MAb114">mAb114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TKM-Ebola" title="TKM-Ebola">TKM-Ebola</a> <small>(failed)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triazavirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Triazavirin">Triazavirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZMapp" title="ZMapp">ZMapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_vaccine" title="Ebola vaccine">Vaccines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAd3-ZEBOV" title="CAd3-ZEBOV">cAd3-ZEBOV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drugs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_vaccine" title="Ebola vaccine">Vaccines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RVSV-ZEBOV_vaccine" title="RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine">rVSV-ZEBOV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ebola_researchers" title="Category:Ebola researchers">Ebola researchers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Close" title="William Close">William Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Muyembe-Tamfum" title="Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum">Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Piot" title="Peter Piot">Peter Piot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ebola_patients" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ebola patients">Ebola patients</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ameyo_Adadevoh" title="Ameyo Adadevoh">Ameyo Adadevoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Cafferkey" title="Pauline Cafferkey">Pauline Cafferkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eric_Duncan" title="Thomas Eric Duncan">Thomas Eric Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheik_Umar_Khan" title="Sheik Umar Khan">Sheik Umar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Lukwiya" title="Matthew Lukwiya">Matthew Lukwiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayinga_N%27Seka" title="Mayinga N'Seka">Mayinga N'Seka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Sawyer" title="Patrick Sawyer">Patrick Sawyer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_effects_of_the_Ebola_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural effects of the Ebola crisis">Popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Zone" title="The Hot Zone">The Hot Zone</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995 book by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Preston" title="Richard Preston">Richard Preston</a>)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Outbreak_(film)" title="Outbreak (film)">Outbreak</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995 film)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ebola_Syndrome" title="Ebola Syndrome">Ebola Syndrome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996 film)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Executive_Orders" title="Executive Orders">Executive Orders</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996 novel)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola-chan" title="Ebola-chan">Ebola-chan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014 meme)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/93_Days" title="93 Days">93 Days</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016 film)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Zone_(American_TV_series)" title="The Hot Zone (American TV series)">The Hot Zone</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019 miniseries based on Preston book)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">Ebola virus disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease_treatment_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease treatment research">Ebola virus disease treatment research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_River" title="Ebola River">Ebola River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marburgvirus" title="Marburgvirus">Marburgvirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outbreaks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Marburg_virus_outbreak_in_West_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany">1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Uganda_Marburg_virus_outbreak" title="2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak">2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Guinea">2021 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Ghana">2022 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea">2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Tanzania">2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak" title="Rwanda Marburg virus disease outbreak">2024 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Rwanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marburg_marburgvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marburg marburgvirus">Marburg marburgvirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">MARV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravn_virus" title="Ravn virus">RAVV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drug candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galidesivir" title="Galidesivir">BCX4430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-103" title="FGI-103">FGI-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGI-106" title="FGI-106">FGI-106</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Zone" title="The Hot Zone">The Hot Zone</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995 book)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus_disease" title="Marburg virus disease">Marburg virus disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cuevavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuevavirus">Cuevavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Species" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lloviu_cuevavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloviu cuevavirus">Lloviu cuevavirus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lloviu_virus" title="Lloviu virus">LLOV</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mengla_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengla virus">Dianlovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Species" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mengla_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengla virus">Mengla virus</a> (MLAV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Striavirus (page does not exist)">Striavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Species" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Striavirus (page does not exist)">Xilang striavirus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus (page does not exist)">Thamnovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Species" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnovirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnovirus (page does not exist)">Huangjiao thamnovirus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Filoviridae" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Filoviridae">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Filoviridae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Filoviridae">Wikispecies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zoonotic_viral_diseases_(A80–B34,_042–079)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zoonotic_viral_diseases" title="Template:Zoonotic viral diseases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zoonotic_viral_diseases" title="Template talk:Zoonotic viral diseases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zoonotic_viral_diseases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zoonotic viral diseases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zoonotic_viral_diseases_(A80–B34,_042–079)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zoonosis" title="Zoonosis">Zoonotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Viral_disease" title="Viral disease">viral diseases</a> (A80–B34, <a href="/wiki/042%E2%80%93079" class="mw-redirect" title="042–079">042–079</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropod<br />-borne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mosquito-borne_disease" title="Mosquito-borne disease">Mosquito<br />-borne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bunyavirales" title="Bunyavirales">Bunyavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbovirus_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbovirus encephalitis">Arbovirus encephalitides</a>: <a href="/wiki/Batai_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Batai virus">Batai virus</a> <ul><li>BATV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwamba_orthobunyavirus" title="Bwamba orthobunyavirus">Bwamba Fever</a> <ul><li>BWAV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_encephalitis_orthobunyavirus" title="California encephalitis orthobunyavirus">California encephalitis</a> <ul><li>CEV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Canyon_encephalitis" title="Jamestown Canyon encephalitis">Jamestown Canyon encephalitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse_encephalitis" title="La Crosse encephalitis">La Crosse encephalitis</a> <ul><li>LACV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahyna_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahyna virus">Tahyna virus</a> <ul><li>TAHV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tete_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tete virus">Tete virus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">Viral hemorrhagic fevers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bunyamwera_orthobunyavirus" title="Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus">Bunyamwera fever</a> <ul><li>BUNV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_virus" title="Ngari virus">Ngari virus</a> <ul><li>NRIV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley_fever" title="Rift Valley fever">Rift Valley fever</a> <ul><li>RVFV</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Flaviviridae" title="Flaviviridae">Flaviviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbovirus_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbovirus encephalitis">Arbovirus encephalitides</a>: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis" title="Japanese encephalitis">Japanese encephalitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese encephalitis virus">JEV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Valley_encephalitis_virus" title="Murray Valley encephalitis virus">Australian encephalitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Valley_encephalitis_virus" title="Murray Valley encephalitis virus">MVEV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunjin_virus" title="Kunjin virus">KUNV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_encephalitis" title="Saint Louis encephalitis">Saint Louis encephalitis</a> <ul><li>SLEV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usutu_virus" title="Usutu virus">Usutu virus</a> <ul><li>USUV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nile_fever" title="West Nile fever">West Nile fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Nile_virus" title="West Nile virus">WNV</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">Viral hemorrhagic fevers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dengue_fever" title="Dengue fever">Dengue fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dengue_virus" title="Dengue virus">DENV-1-4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">Yellow fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow fever virus">YFV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zika_fever" title="Zika fever">Zika fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZIKV" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIKV">ZIKV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Togaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Togaviridae">Togaviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbovirus_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbovirus encephalitis">Arbovirus encephalitides</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_equine_encephalitis" title="Eastern equine encephalitis">Eastern equine encephalomyelitis</a> <ul><li>EEEV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_equine_encephalitis_virus" title="Western equine encephalitis virus">Western equine encephalomyelitis</a> <ul><li>WEEV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_equine_encephalitis_virus" title="Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus">Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis</a> <ul><li>VEEV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikungunya" title="Chikungunya">Chikungunya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chikungunya_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Chikungunya virus">CHIKV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27nyong%27nyong_virus" title="O'nyong'nyong virus">O'nyong'nyong fever</a> <ul><li>ONNV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogosta_disease" title="Pogosta disease">Pogosta disease</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sindbis_virus" title="Sindbis virus">Sindbis virus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_River_fever" title="Ross River fever">Ross River fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_River_virus" title="Ross River virus">RRV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semliki_Forest_virus" title="Semliki Forest virus">Semliki Forest virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Reoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Reoviridae">Reoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banna_virus" title="Banna virus">Banna virus encephalitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tick-borne_disease#Viral" title="Tick-borne disease">Tick<br />-borne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bunyavirales" title="Bunyavirales">Bunyavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">Viral hemorrhagic fevers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Crimean%E2%80%93Congo_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever">Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever</a> (CCHFV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Heartland virus">Heartland virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_fever_with_thrombocytopenia_syndrome" title="Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome">Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Huaiyangshan_banyangvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyangshan banyangvirus">Huaiyangshan banyangvirus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tete_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tete virus">Tete virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbovirus_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbovirus encephalitis">Arbovirus encephalitides</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bhanja_virus" title="Bhanja virus">Bhanja virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Flaviviridae" title="Flaviviridae">Flaviviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbovirus_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbovirus encephalitis">Arbovirus encephalitides</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tick-borne_encephalitis" title="Tick-borne encephalitis">Tick-borne encephalitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tick-borne_encephalitis_virus" title="Tick-borne encephalitis virus">TBEV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powassan_encephalitis" title="Powassan encephalitis">Powassan encephalitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powassan_virus" title="Powassan virus">POWV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">Viral hemorrhagic fevers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Omsk_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Omsk hemorrhagic fever">Omsk hemorrhagic fever</a> <ul><li>OHFV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyasanur_Forest_disease" title="Kyasanur Forest disease">Kyasanur Forest disease</a> <ul><li>KFDV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkhurma_virus" title="Alkhurma virus">AHFV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langat_virus" title="Langat virus">Langat virus</a> <ul><li>LGTV</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae" title="Orthomyxoviridae">Orthomyxoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_virus" title="Bourbon virus">Bourbon virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Reoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Reoviridae">Reoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_tick_fever" title="Colorado tick fever">Colorado tick fever</a> <ul><li>CTFV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemerovo_tickborne_viral_fever" title="Kemerovo tickborne viral fever">Kemerovo tickborne viral fever</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sandfly#Viruses" title="Sandfly">Sandfly<br />-borne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bunyavirales" title="Bunyavirales">Bunyavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adria_virus" title="Adria virus">Adria virus</a> (ADRV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oropouche_fever" title="Oropouche fever">Oropouche fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oropouche_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oropouche virus">Oropouche virus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pappataci_fever" title="Pappataci fever">Pappataci fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toscana_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Toscana virus">Toscana virus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandfly_fever_Naples_phlebovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandfly fever Naples phlebovirus">Sandfly fever Naples virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Rhabdoviridae" title="Rhabdoviridae">Rhabdoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandipura_vesiculovirus" title="Chandipura vesiculovirus">Chandipura virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammal<br />-borne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodent<br />-borne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arenavirus" title="Arenavirus">Arenaviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">Viral hemorrhagic fevers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lassa_fever" title="Lassa fever">Lassa fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lassa_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lassa virus">LASV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever">Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever</a> <ul><li>GTOV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Argentine hemorrhagic fever">Argentine hemorrhagic fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentinian_mammarenavirus" title="Argentinian mammarenavirus">JUNV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Brazilian hemorrhagic fever">Brazilian hemorrhagic fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Brazilian hemorrhagic fever">SABV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Bolivian hemorrhagic fever">Bolivian hemorrhagic fever</a> <ul><li>MACV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lujo_mammarenavirus" title="Lujo mammarenavirus">LUJV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapare_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapare virus">CHPV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bunyavirales" title="Bunyavirales">Bunyavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hantavirus_hemorrhagic_fever_with_renal_syndrome" title="Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome">Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobrava-Belgrade_orthohantavirus" title="Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus">DOBV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantaan_orthohantavirus" title="Hantaan orthohantavirus">HTNV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puumala_orthohantavirus" title="Puumala orthohantavirus">PUUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_orthohantavirus" title="Seoul orthohantavirus">SEOV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_virus" title="Amur virus">AMRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_virus" title="Thailand virus">THAIV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome" title="Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome">Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andes_orthohantavirus" title="Andes orthohantavirus">ANDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_Nombre_orthohantavirus" title="Sin Nombre orthohantavirus">SNV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpesviridae" title="Herpesviridae">Herpesviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Murid_gammaherpesvirus_4" title="Murid gammaherpesvirus 4">Murid gammaherpesvirus 4</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bat#Disease_transmission" title="Bat">Bat<br />-borne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Filoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">Ebola virus disease</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundibugyo_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundibugyo virus">BDBV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan virus">SUDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_Forest_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Taï Forest virus">TAFV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_ebolavirus" title="Zaire ebolavirus">ZEBOV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus_disease" title="Marburg virus disease">Marburg virus disease</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">MARV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravn_virus" title="Ravn virus">RAVV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Rhabdoviridae" title="Rhabdoviridae">Rhabdoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">Rabies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_bat_lyssavirus" title="Australian bat lyssavirus">ABLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokola_lyssavirus" title="Mokola lyssavirus">MOKV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvenhage_lyssavirus" title="Duvenhage lyssavirus">DUVV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_bat_lyssavirus" title="Lagos bat lyssavirus">LBV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandipura_vesiculovirus" title="Chandipura vesiculovirus">CHPV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paramyxoviridae" title="Paramyxoviridae">Paramyxoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henipavirus" title="Henipavirus">Henipavirus encephalitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hendra_virus" title="Hendra virus">HeV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipah_virus" title="Nipah virus">NiV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome%E2%80%93related_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus">MERS-CoV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-related_coronavirus" title="SARS-related coronavirus">SARS-related coronavirus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS-CoV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primate<br />-borne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpesviridae" title="Herpesviridae">Herpesviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/B_virus" title="B virus">B virus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Retrovirus" title="Retrovirus">Retroviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simian_foamy_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Simian foamy virus">Simian foamy virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus_1" title="Human T-lymphotropic virus 1">HTLV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus_2" title="Human T-lymphotropic virus 2">HTLV-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Poxviridae" title="Poxviridae">Poxviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanapox" title="Tanapox">Tanapox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaba_monkey_tumor_virus" title="Yaba monkey tumor virus">Yaba monkey tumor virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple<br />vectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Rhabdoviridae" title="Rhabdoviridae">Rhabdoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">Rabies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_virus" title="Rabies virus">RABV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokola_lyssavirus" title="Mokola lyssavirus">Mokola virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Poxviridae" title="Poxviridae">Poxviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monkeypox" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkeypox">Monkeypox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Filoviridae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46305" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q46305">Q46305</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Filoviridae">Filoviridae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/62448">62448</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/5024">5024</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7759">7759</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=107125">107125</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=11266">11266</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=600065">600065</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46305#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="filoviry"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph221310&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46305" class="extiw" title="d:Q46305">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-11" title="ICD-11">11</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#694903163">1D60 </a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D016563">D016563</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&oldid=1255767991">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&oldid=1255767991</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filoviridae" title="Category:Filoviridae">Filoviridae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Primate_diseases" title="Category:Primate diseases">Primate diseases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_viral_diseases" title="Category:Animal viral diseases">Animal viral diseases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biological_weapons" title="Category:Biological weapons">Biological weapons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hemorrhagic_fevers" title="Category:Hemorrhagic fevers">Hemorrhagic fevers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tropical_diseases" title="Category:Tropical diseases">Tropical diseases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Zoonoses" title="Category:Zoonoses">Zoonoses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virus_families" title="Category:Virus families">Virus families</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 15:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filoviridae&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fb9fb","wgBackendResponseTime":150,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.211","walltime":"1.535","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6260,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":310286,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3574,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":218230,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":7,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1341.824 1 -total"," 32.85% 440.807 16 Template:Clade"," 29.54% 396.440 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.89% 307.124 18 Template:Navbox"," 11.58% 155.420 11 Template:Cite_web"," 10.29% 138.084 1 Template:Virusbox"," 9.85% 132.194 19 Template:Cite_journal"," 9.85% 132.132 1 Template:Medical_resources"," 9.27% 124.385 2 Template:Hlist"," 9.22% 123.731 1 Template:Filoviridae"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.840","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20060190,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vz8dh","timestamp":"20241124112958","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Filoviridae","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filoviridae","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q46305","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q46305","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-10T21:49:41Z","dateModified":"2024-11-06T15:42:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d6\/Ijms-20-04657-g004.webp","headline":"family of viruses"}</script> </body> </html>