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href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Începuturile_în_România" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Începuturile_în_România"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Începuturile în România</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Începuturile_în_România-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scriere_și_pronunție" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scriere_și_pronunție"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scriere și pronunție</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scriere_și_pronunție-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vocabular</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gramatică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gramatică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gramatică</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gramatică-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gramatică subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gramatică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Derivare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Derivare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derivare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imnul_esperantiștilor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imnul_esperantiștilor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Imnul esperantiștilor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imnul_esperantiștilor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizații" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizații"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Organizații</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizații-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Esperanto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 212 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-212" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">212 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Ӏэспэранто – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Ӏэспэранто" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – altaică meridională" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altaică meridională" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%94%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B6" title="ኤስፔራንቶ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤስፔራንቶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="إسبرانتو – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسبرانتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88" title="إسپيرانطو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسپيرانطو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسبرانتو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسبرانتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantu" title="Esperantu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Esperantu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantoava" title="Esperantoava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Esperantoava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispirantu_aru" title="Ispirantu aru – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ispirantu aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ایسپرانتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Эсперанта – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эсперанта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Эспэранта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эспэранта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Sep%C3%A8ranto" title="Basa Sepèranto – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Sepèranto" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B" title="এসপেরান্তো – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এসপেরান্তো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanteg" title="Esperanteg – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Esperanteg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A9-g%C3%A1i-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Sié-gái-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sié-gái-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86" title="ئێسپێرانتۆ – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێسپێرانتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_tili" title="Esperanto tili – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Esperanto tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Єспєранто – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єспєранто" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Εσπεράντο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσπεράντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esper%C3%A0nt" title="Esperànt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Esperànt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_kiil" title="Esperanto kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Esperanto kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9ranto" title="Espéranto – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espéranto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88speranto" title="Èsperanto – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èsperanto" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉 – gotică" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Ekepel%C4%81nako" title="ʻŌlelo Ekepelānako – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Ekepelānako" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="אספרנטו – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אספרנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरांतो – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्पेरांतो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszperant%C3%B3_nyelv" title="Eszperantó nyelv – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eszperantó nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8" title="Էսպերանտո – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսպերանտո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isipirantu_uqautchiq" title="Isipirantu uqautchiq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Isipirantu uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="エスペラント – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エスペラント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/esperantos" title="esperantos – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="esperantos" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Basa Éspéranto – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="ესპერანტო – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპერანტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_tili" title="Esperanto tili – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Esperanto tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es%C9%A9perant%C9%94_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A" title="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="에스페란토 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스페란토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_esperanto" title="Zimanê esperanto – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Эсперанто (кыв) – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эсперанто (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantek" title="Esperantek – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Esperantek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Esperantica" title="Lingua Esperantica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Esperantica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esper%C3%A0nto" title="Esperànto – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Esperànto" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_esperanto" title="Lengua esperanto – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisipelanto" title="Lisipelanto – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisipelanto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эсперанто кяль – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эсперанто кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_esperant%C3%B4" title="Fiteny esperantô – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny esperantô" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Esperanto" title="Bahaso Esperanto – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B" title="എസ്പെരാന്തോ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്പെരാന്തോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯇꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯇꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरांतो – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्पेरांतो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speranto" title="Speranto – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Speranto" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အက်စပါရန်တိုဘာသာစကား – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်စပါရန်တိုဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्परान्तो – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एस्परान्तो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9raunto" title="Espéraunto – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Espéraunto" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B" title="ਐੱਸਪੇਰਾਂਤੋ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐੱਸਪੇਰਾਂਤੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Éspéranto – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_esperanto" title="Lenga esperanto – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga esperanto" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اېسپرانتو ژبه – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېسپرانتو ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispirantu_simi" title="Ispirantu simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ispirantu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiseperanto" title="Kiseperanto – kirundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Kiseperanto" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="kirundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyesiperanto" title="Icyesiperanto – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyesiperanto" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3" title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱᱛᱳ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱᱛᱳ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_esperantu" title="Lingua esperantu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua esperantu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantogiella" title="Esperantogiella – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Esperantogiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9C" title="එස්පෙරාන්තො – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එස්පෙරාන්තො" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esberanto" title="Esberanto – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Esberanto" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_esperanto" title="Gjuha esperanto – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha esperanto" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD-Speranto" title="Sí-Speranto – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Sí-Speranto" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Basa Éspéranto – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiesperanto" title="Kiesperanto – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiesperanto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="எஸ்பெராண்டோ – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எஸ்பெராண்டோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B" title="ఎస్పరాంటో – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎస్పరాంటో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Забони эсперанто – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="ภาษาเอสเปรันโต – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเอสเปรันโต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ئېسپېرانتو – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېسپېرانتو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Quốc tế ngữ – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc tế ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperant" title="Sperant – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sperant" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inesperanto" title="Inesperanto – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inesperanto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="世界语 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="世界语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Эсперантин келн – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Эсперантин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiEsperanto" title="IsiEsperanto – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiEsperanto" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="ესპერანტო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესპერანტო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90" title="עספעראנטא – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עספעראנטא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Esperanto" title="Èdè Esperanto – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="世界语 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="世界语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="世界語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="世界語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="世界語 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="世界語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi-Esperanto" title="Isi-Esperanto – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isi-Esperanto" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q143#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Esperanto" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Esperanto" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Esperanto" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&oldid=16308680" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Esperanto&id=16308680&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEsperanto"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEsperanto"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Esperanto"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Esperanto&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1576" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q143" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet limba" style="background-color:#ada;color:#000000;">Esperanto<br /><i>esperanto</i></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Creator</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof" class="mw-redirect" title="L. L. Zamenhof">L. L. Zamenhof</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Data creării</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Scopul creării</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">limbă internațională</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Număr de vorbitori</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">100 000–3 milioane</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Tipologie lingvistică</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SVO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SVO — pagină inexistentă">SVO</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ada;color:#000000;">Clasificare</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_artificiale" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbi artificiale">limbi artificiale</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_planificate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbi planificate — pagină inexistentă">limbi planificate</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_auxiliare_interna%C8%9Bionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbi auxiliare internaționale — pagină inexistentă">limbi auxiliare internaționale</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li><i>esperanto</i><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li>esperanto</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ada;color:#000000;">Statut oficial și codificare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Organ de<br />reglementare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Akademio_de_Esperanto" title="Akademio de Esperanto">Akademio de Esperanto</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">eo</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">epo</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-3<br />(cel mai<br />răspândit dialect)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">epo<sup id="cite_ref-a0e1527404c9186fadfc8ca3199bdc25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a0e1527404c9186fadfc8ca3199bdc25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><sup id="cite_ref-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143#P220" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">ESP</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ada;color:#000000;">Extras</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Ĉiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj laŭ digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ada;color:#000000;">Răspândire în lume</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_(2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/220px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/330px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/440px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="886" /></a></span> <br /><small> </small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Puteți vizita <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <b><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="eo:">în esperanto</a></b>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Această pagină poate conține caractere <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajutor:Unicode">Unicode</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##ada solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143" class="extiw" title="d:Q143">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Limb%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <table class="infobox" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center; width: 18em;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esperanto flag"><img alt="Esperanto flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/70px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/105px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/140px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Esperanto flag</figcaption></figure><big><b>Esperanto</b></big> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Acest articol este o parte a seriei de articole despre <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Esperanto" title="Categorie:Esperanto">Esperanto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Esperanto" title="Categorie:Esperanto">Limba</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esperanto</a></b> | <a href="/wiki/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto" title="Gramatica limbii esperanto">Gramatică</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Scrisori_%C3%AEn_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Scrisori în esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Scrisori</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologia_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologia limbii esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Fonologie</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografia_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografia limbii esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Ortografie</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocabularul_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vocabularul limbii esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Vocabular</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Istoria_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Istoria limbii esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Istoria</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Istoria_limbii_esperanto" title="Istoria limbii esperanto">Istoria</a></b> | <a href="/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof" class="mw-redirect" title="L. L. Zamenhof">Zamenhof</a> | <a href="/wiki/Proto-esperanto" title="Proto-esperanto">Proto-esperanto</a> | "<i><a href="/wiki/Unua_Libro" title="Unua Libro">Unua Libro</a></i>" | <a href="/wiki/Declara%C8%9Bia_de_la_Boulogne" title="Declarația de la Boulogne">Declarația de la Boulogne</a> | "<i><a href="/wiki/Fundamento_de_Esperanto" title="Fundamento de Esperanto">Fundamento</a></i>" | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_Manifesto_(Esperanto)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prague Manifesto (Esperanto) — pagină inexistentă">Prague Manifesto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Cultura_esperantist%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Cultura esperantistă — pagină inexistentă">Cultura</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Esperanto_media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Esperanto media — pagină inexistentă">media</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cultura_esperantist%C4%83" title="Cultura esperantistă">Cultura</a></b> | <a href="/wiki/Esperantist" title="Esperantist">Esperantist</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperantujo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperantujo — pagină inexistentă">Esperantujo</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto film — pagină inexistentă">Film</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internacia_Televido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internacia Televido — pagină inexistentă">Internacia Televido</a> | <i><a href="/wiki/La_Espero" title="La Espero">La Espero</a></i> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto library — pagină inexistentă">Libraries</a> | <a href="/wiki/Literatur%C4%83_%C3%AEn_esperanto" title="Literatură în esperanto">Literatură</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzic%C4%83_%C3%AEn_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzică în esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Muzică</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorbitori_nativi_de_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorbitori nativi de esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Vorbitori nativi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_in_popular_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto in popular culture — pagină inexistentă">Pop culture references</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Publica%C8%9Bii_%C3%AEn_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Publicații în esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Publicații</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simboluri_esperantiste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simboluri esperantiste — pagină inexistentă">Simboluri</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ziua_Zamenhof" title="Ziua Zamenhof">Ziua Zamenhof</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Organiza%C8%9Bii_esperantiste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Organizații esperantiste — pagină inexistentă">Organizații</a> și servicii </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amikeca_Reto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amikeca Reto — pagină inexistentă">Amikeca Reto</a></i> | <a href="/wiki/Akademio_de_Esperanto" title="Akademio de Esperanto">Academia de Esperanto</a> | <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurso_de_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurso de Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Kurso de Esperanto</a></i> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enciclopedia Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Enciclopedia</a> | <i><a href="/wiki/Pasporta_Servo" title="Pasporta Servo">Pasporta Servo</a></i> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plou%C3%A9zec_International_Meetings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plouézec International Meetings — pagină inexistentă">Plouézec Meetings</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tutmonda_Esperantista_Junulara_Organizo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tutmonda Esperantista Junulara Organizo — pagină inexistentă">TEJO</a> | <a href="/wiki/Asocia%C8%9Bia_Universal%C4%83_de_Esperanto" title="Asociația Universală de Esperanto">UEA</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sennacieca_Asocio_Tutmonda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda — pagină inexistentă">SAT</a> | <a href="/wiki/Universala_Kongreso_de_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Universala Kongreso de Esperanto">UK</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internacia_Junulara_Kongreso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internacia Junulara Kongreso — pagină inexistentă">IJK</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_as_an_international_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto as an international language — pagină inexistentă">Criticism</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperantido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperantido — pagină inexistentă">Esperantido</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propaedeutic_value_of_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propaedeutic value of Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Propedeutic value</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformed Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Reformed</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riism — pagină inexistentă">Riism</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_and_Ido_compared&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto and Ido compared — pagină inexistentă">Vs. Ido</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_and_Interlingua_compared&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto and Interlingua compared — pagină inexistentă">Vs. Interlingua</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_and_Novial_compared&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto and Novial compared — pagină inexistentă">Vs. Novial</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB">Subiecte asemănătoare </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limb%C4%83_auxiliar%C4%83_interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbă auxiliară internațională — pagină inexistentă">Limbă auxiliară</a> | <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_artificial%C4%83" title="Limbă artificială">Limbă artificială</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a> | <a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novial — pagină inexistentă">Novial</a> | <a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Signuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signuno — pagină inexistentă">Signuno</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anationalism — pagină inexistentă">Anationalism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB">Wikimedia </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Portal</a> | <a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="eo:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikipedio</a> | <a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikt:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="eo:wikt:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikivortaro</a> | <a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="eo:q:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikicitaro</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do:Esperanto">Vikifonto</a> | <a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/eo:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="b:eo:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikilibroj</a> | <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="commons:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikikomunejo</a> | <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikispecoj</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Esperanto</b> (<i>cel care speră</i>) este cea mai răspândită dintre <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_artificial%C4%83" title="Limbă artificială">limbile artificiale</a>. Limba a fost lansată în <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> de către <a href="/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof" class="mw-redirect" title="L. L. Zamenhof">Ludovic Lazar Zamenhof</a> (<a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a> - <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>) după mai bine de 10 ani de muncă, pentru a servi ca <b>limbă internațională</b> auxiliară, o <b>a doua limbă pentru fiecare</b>. Numărul vorbitorilor de esperanto este greu de stabilit. În funcție de sursă, se menționează între o jumătate de milion și câteva milioane. </p><p>Primul dicționar de esperanto pentru vorbitorii de limba română a apărut în <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Este menționată în "<a href="/wiki/Cartea_recordurilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartea recordurilor">Cartea recordurilor</a>" ca fiind singura limbă fără verbe neregulate. În plus, are o scriere pur fonetică: fiecărei litere îi corespunde un singur sunet, și pentru fiecare sunet există o singură literă. </p><p>Codul <a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a> pentru Esperanto este <i>eo</i> sau <i>epo</i> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>În <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> apare la <a href="/wiki/Var%C8%99ovia" title="Varșovia">Varșovia</a> prima carte despre esperanto, intitulată <i><a href="/wiki/Unua_Libro" title="Unua Libro">Международный язык. Предисловіе полный учевникъ</a></i>. por Rusoj. Варшава. Типо-Литографія Х. Келтера, ул. Новолипъе Nº 11. 1887. Ca autor este indicat Д<sup>ръ</sup> Эсперанто. În același an au apărut următoarele versiuni ale aceleași lucrări, toate semnate de Dr. Esperanto: <ul><li><i>Język międzynarodowy. Przedmova i podręcznik kompletny</i>. por Poloj.</li> <li><i>Langue internationale. Préface et manuel complet</i>. por Francoj.</li> <li><i>Internationale Sprache. Vorrede und vollständiges Lehrbuch</i>. por Germanoj.</li></ul></li> <li>Primul poem scris în esperanto este <i>Mia penso</i> (Gândul meu), de L.L. Zamenhof (1887)</li> <li>La 7 august 1887 apare în ziarul polonez <i>Kurjer Codzienny</i> (Curier zilnic) primul articol despre esperanto, sub semnătura lui Władysław Sabowski</li> <li>În decembrie <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a> grupul <a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">volapükist</a> 'Nürnberger Weltsprache Verein' se transformă în club esperantist</li> <li>În octombrie <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a> apare la <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberg" title="Nürnberg">Nürnberg</a> prima gazetă esperantistă, intitulată <i>La Esperantisto</i> (Esperantistul)</li> <li>La 26 octombrie 1889 are loc prima slujbă religioasă în cadrul căreia se folosește esperanto, la biserica catolică din <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></li> <li>Prima lucrare în proză scrisă în esperanto este <i>Marko Kraljeviĉ</i> (<a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>). Autor: rusul M. Abesgus</li> <li>În <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a> are loc la <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a> primul Congres Mondial de Esperanto, cu 688 de participanți. Ulterior el se va numi Universala Kongreso (UK - Congresul Universal). În același ani apare prima ediție a <i>Fundamento de Esperanto</i> (Temelia limbii esperanto). Tot în 1905 francezul Paul Berthelot lansează revista <i>Esperanto</i>, care din <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> este organul UEA</li> <li>În <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a> apare primul roman original în esperanto: <i>Kastelo de Prelongo</i> (Castelul din Prelong). Autor: francezul Henri Vallienne</li> <li>În 1908 se fondează Universala Esperanto-Asocio (UEA - Asociația Universală de Esperanto)</li> <li>În <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a> Congresul Universal de Esperanto are loc în afara Europei: în <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> (SUA). Participanți: 357</li> <li>În <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> se fondează Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (SAT - Asociația Mondială Non-națională), organizație preponderent muncitorească</li> <li>În <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>-<a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a> apare prima ediție a <i>Enciklopedio de Esperanto</i> (Enciclopedia esperanto), în două volume. Lucrarea va fi republicată într-un singur volum în <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a></li> <li>În <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> are loc la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Groet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groet — pagină inexistentă">Groet</a> primul Congres Mondial al Tineretului Esperantist, cu 203 participanți. Cu acea ocazie se fondează Tutmonda Junular-Organizo (TJO - Organizația Mondială a Tineretului), care în <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> își va schimba numele în Tutmonda Esperantista Junulara Organizo (TEJO - Organizația Mondială a Tineretului Esperantist). În <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> TEJO a devenit secția pentru tineret din cadrul UEA</li> <li>În 1956 a avut loc primul Internacia Infana Kongreseto (IIK - Micul Congres Internațional pentru Copii), care se desfășoară în paralel și în aceeași țară cu UK. La primul IIK au participat 35 de copii din 7 țări</li> <li>Congresul Universal de Esperanto s-a desfășurat pentru prima dată în <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, în <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> (Japonia), cu 1710 participanți. În America Latină primul Congres Universal de Esperanto a avut loc în <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> în <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazilia" title="Brazilia">Brazilia</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Începuturile_în_România"><span id=".C3.8Enceputurile_.C3.AEn_Rom.C3.A2nia"></span>Începuturile în România</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Începuturile în România" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Începuturile în România"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Fischer-Gala%C8%9Bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Fischer-Galați — pagină inexistentă">Heinrich Fischer-Galați</a> (1879-1960), un traducător, redactor și industriaș evreu, a învățat esperanto în 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-cum_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cum-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1904 Heinrich Fischer-Galați a inițiat la <a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a> primele cursuri de esperanto și a înființat primul grup esperantist din România. Printre cursanți s-a aflat și viitorul politician <a href="/wiki/Grigore_Trancu-Ia%C8%99i" title="Grigore Trancu-Iași">Grigore Trancu-Iași</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heinrich Fischer-Galați a fost și fondator și președinte al Societății Esperantiste din Galați (prima societate esperantistă din România), al Federației Societăților Esperantiste din România și al Centrului Esperantist Român. În 1910 a fost decorat cu ordinul "<a href="/wiki/Ordinul_na%C8%9Bional_Steaua_Rom%C3%A2niei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinul național Steaua României">Steaua României</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-cum_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cum-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Un alt promotor al limbii esperanto în România a fost <a href="/wiki/Andreo_Cseh" title="Andreo Cseh">Andreo Cseh</a> (1905-1979) din <a href="/wiki/Ludu%C8%99" title="Luduș">Luduș</a>. Acesta a înființat la <a href="/wiki/Cluj" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluj">Cluj</a> și <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București">București</a> societăți esperantiste. Între colaboratorii săi s-a numărat filologul <a href="/wiki/Tiberiu_Morariu_(filolog)" title="Tiberiu Morariu (filolog)">Tiberiu Morariu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scriere_și_pronunție"><span id="Scriere_.C8.99i_pronun.C8.9Bie"></span>Scriere și pronunție</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Scriere și pronunție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Scriere și pronunție"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alfabetul este latin, cu câteva caractere speciale: a, b, c, ĉ, d, e, f, g, ĝ, h, ĥ, i, j, ĵ, k, l, m, n, o, p ,r, s, ŝ, t, u, ŭ, v, z. </p><p>Cu excepția literelor de mai jos, celelalte litere esperanto se citesc ca în limba română. </p><p><b>c</b> = românescul <b>ț</b> (<b>caro</b> [țaro] = țar)<br /> <b>ĉ</b> = românescul <b>c</b> urmat de <b>e</b> sau <b>i</b> (<b>ĉerizo</b> [cerizo] = cireașă)<br /> <b>g</b> = românescul <b>ghe</b> sau <b>ghi</b> (<b>geologio</b> [gheologhio] = geologie)<br /> <b>ĝ</b> = românescul <b>g</b> urmat de <b>e</b> sau <b>i</b> (<b>ĝardeno</b> [geardeno] = grădină)<br /> <b>ĥ</b> = <b>h</b> gutural; sunet inexistent în limba română<br /> <b>i</b> nu este niciodată scurt (<b>maizo</b> [ma-izo] = porumb)<br /> <b>j</b> = <b>i</b> scurt ca în românescul <b>cai</b> (<b>kaj</b> [cai] = și)<br /> <b>ĵ</b> = românescul <b>j</b> (<b>ĵargono</b> [jargono] = jargon)<br /> <b>ŝ</b> = românescul <b>ș</b> (<b>ŝtofo</b> [ștofo] = stofă)<br /> <b>u</b> nu este niciodată scurt (<b>reunuiĝo</b> [re-unuigio] = reunire, reunificare) <br /> <b>ŭ</b> = <b>u</b> scurt ca în românescul <b>tău</b> (<b>kaŭri</b> [cauri] = a sta pe vine)<br /> <br /> <b>a</b>, <b>e</b>, <b>i</b>, <b>o</b>, <b>u</b> indică vocale; <b>j</b> și <b>ŭ</b> indică semivocale. Toate celelalte litere indică consoane. Accentul tonic este stabil, pe penultima silabă. </p><p>Literele cu diacritice (în esperanto <b>ĉapelitaj</b> adică <i>cu pălărie</i>), respectiv <b>ĉ</b>, <b>ĝ</b>, <b>ĥ</b>, <b>ŝ</b>, <b>ĵ</b> și <b>ŭ</b>, nu pot fi întotdeauna scrise la calculator. De aceea există posibilitatea de a le înlocui cu combinații de două litere, din care a doua literă este <b>x</b> sau <b>h</b>. De exemplu, <b>ĉ</b> poate fi scris și <b>cx</b> sau <b>ch</b>, etc. Totuși, este de preferat să se scrie cu diacritice, atunci când se poate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabular">Vocabular</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vocabular" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Vocabular"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iată un scurt vocabular de bază al limbii:<br /> <b>homo</b>-om;<br /> <b>domo</b>-casă;<br /> <b>viro</b>-bărbat;<br /> <b>virino</b>-femeie;<br /> <b>knabo</b>-băiat;<br /> <b>knabino</b>-fată;<br /> <b>mi</b>-eu;<br /> <b>vi</b>-tu, dumneata, voi, dumneavoastră;<br /> <b>ŝi</b>-ea;<br /> <b>pano</b>-pâine;<br /> <b>saluton!</b>-salut!;<br /> <b>bonan tagon!</b>-bună ziua!;<br /> <b>Rumanio</b>-România; </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gramatică"><span id="Gramatic.C4.83"></span>Gramatică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Gramatică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Gramatică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto" title="Gramatica limbii esperanto">Gramatica limbii esperanto</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p><b>Cele 16 reguli ale gramaticii limbii Esperanto</b><br /> <b>1.</b> Nu există <a href="/wiki/Articol_nehot%C4%83r%C3%A2t" title="Articol nehotărât">articol nehotărât</a>, există un singur <a href="/wiki/Articol_hot%C4%83r%C3%A2t" title="Articol hotărât">articol hotărât</a>, <b>la</b>, care este invariabil.<br /> <b>2.</b> <a href="/wiki/Substantiv" title="Substantiv">Substantivele</a> se formează adăugând <b>o</b> la rădăcină. Pentru plural, se adaugă <b>j</b>. Există două cazuri: nominativ și acuzativ. Pentru a forma acuzativul, se adaugă <b>n</b> la forma de nominativ. Celelalte cazuri se exprimă cu ajutorul prepozițiilor (ex. <b>de mia patro</b> <i>al tatălui meu</i>).<br /> <b>3.</b> <a href="/wiki/Adjectiv" title="Adjectiv">Adjectivele</a> se formează adăugând <b>a</b> la rădăcină. Se acordă în caz și număr cu substantivul pe care îl determină, formând pluralul și acuzativul în același fel. Comparativul se formează cu ajutorul cuvântului <b>pli</b>, iar superlativul cu ajutorul cuvântului <b>plej</b>. Cuvântul "decât" se redă ajutorul cuvântului <b>ol</b>.<br /> <b>4.</b> <a href="/wiki/Numeral" title="Numeral">Numeralele</a> cardinale - care sunt invariabile - sunt <b>unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naŭ, dek, cent, mil</b>. Zecile și sutele se formează prin simpla juxtapunere a numeralelor, de ex. <b>583 = kvincent okdek tri</b>. Numeralele ordinale se formează adăugând <b>a</b>, de ex. al patrulea = <b>kvara</b>. <a href="/wiki/Multiplu" title="Multiplu">Multiplii</a> (ex. împătrit), fracțiunile (ex. jumătate) și numeralele colective (ex. triolet) sunt formate prin folosirea sufixelor <b>-obl-, -on-</b>, și, respectiv, <b>-op-</b>: <b>kvarobla</b>, <b>duono</b>, <b>triopo</b>. Numeralele distributive (ex. câte doi) sunt formate prin folosirea particulei <b>po</b>: <b>po du</b>. Numeralele adverbiale se formează adăugând <b>e</b>, ex. în primul rând, primo = <b>unue</b>.<br /> <b>5.</b> <a href="/wiki/Pronume_personal" title="Pronume personal">Pronumele personale</a> sunt <b>mi, vi, li, ŝi, ĝi, si, ni, ili, oni</b> (eu, tu/d-ta/d-voastră/voi, el, ea, el/ea, sine, noi, ei/ele, se). Pronumele posesive se formează adăugând <b>a</b> la acestea. Se declină ca și substantivele.<br /> <b>6.</b> <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">Verbele</a> nu se modifică în funcție de număr sau persoană.<br /> <b>7.</b> Adverbele derivate se formează adăugând <b>e</b> la rădăcină; gradele de comparație ca la adjective.<br /> <b>8.</b> Toate prepozițiile cer nominativul, cu excepția cazurilor în care se indică o schimbare de direcție sau de stare.<br /> <b>9.</b> Cuvintele se citesc cum se scriu.<br /> <b>10.</b> Accentul cade pe penultima silabă.<br /> <b>11.</b> Cuvintele compuse se formează prin simpla juxtapunere a rădăcinilor (cuvântul principal fiind pus ultimul).<br /> <b>12.</b> Nu există negații multiple.<br /> <b>13.</b> Pentru indicarea direcției, se adaugă terminația pentru acuzativ.<br /> <b>14.</b> Fiecare prepoziție are un înțeles bine definit, dar dacă sensul nu arată clar care prepoziție trebuie folosită, se recurge la prepoziția <b>je</b>, care nu are înțeles de sine stătător. Alternativ, se poate folosi acuzativul fără prepoziție.<br /> <b>15.</b> Cuvintele - așa numite - străine, pe care majoritatea limbilor le-au preluat din aceeași sursă, rămân neschimbate, adaptându-se doar ortografic, la nevoie. Derivatele se vor forma de la rădăcină pe baza regulilor gramaticii esperanto.<br /> <b>16.</b> Literele <b>a</b> din articolul hotărât, și <b>o</b> de la sfârșitul substantivelor în singular nominativ pot fi înlocuite prin apostrof. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derivare">Derivare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Derivare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Derivare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În esperanto, derivarea ocupă un loc foarte important în formarea vocabularului. Limba esperanto este dotată cu mai multe afixe (sufixe și prefixe), care fac crearea de cuvinte noi foarte ușoară. Multe cuvinte care în majoritatea limbilor sunt nederivate, sunt derivate în esperanto. De exemplu cu ajutorul prefixului <b>mal-</b> se creează antonime (cuvinte cu sens opus): <b>granda</b> <i>mare</i>, <b>malgranda</b> <i>mic,-ă</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imnul_esperantiștilor"><span id="Imnul_esperanti.C8.99tilor"></span>Imnul esperantiștilor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Imnul esperantiștilor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Imnul esperantiștilor"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Imnul esperantiștilor se intitulează <i><a href="/wiki/La_Espero" title="La Espero">La Espero</a></i> (Speranța), și a fost scris de L.L. Zamenhof. Muzica a fost compusă de Félicien Menu de Ménil. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><b>La Espero</b> </p><p>En la mondon venis nova sento,<br /> tra la mondo iras forta voko;<br /> per flugiloj de facila vento<br /> nun de loko flugu ĝi al loko.<br /> Ne al glavo sangon soifanta<br /> ĝi la homan tiras familion:<br /> al la mond' eterne militanta<br /> ĝi promesas sanktan harmonion.<br /> Sub la sankta signo de l' espero<br /> kolektiĝas pacaj batalantoj,<br /> kaj rapide kreskas la afero<br /> per laboro de la esperantoj.<br /> Forte staras muroj de miljaroj<br /> inter la popoloj dividitaj;<br /> sed dissaltos la obstinaj baroj,<br /> per la sankta amo disbatitaj.<br /> Sur neŭtrala lingva fundamento,<br /> komprenante unu la alian,<br /> la popoloj faros en konsento<br /> unu grandan rondon familian.<br /> Nia diligenta kolegaro<br /> en laboro paca ne laciĝos,<br /> ĝis la bela sonĝo de l' homaro<br /> por eterna ben' efektiviĝos.<br /> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Speranța</b> (traducere liberă) </p><p>A venit în lume un nou simțământ,<br /> un nou apel străbate lumea;<br /> pe aripi de vânt lejer<br /> să zboare acum din loc în loc.<br /> Nu către spada însetată de sânge<br /> el atrage familia umană:<br /> lumii veșnic războinice<br /> îi promite o armonie sfântă.<br /> Sub semnul sfânt al speranței<br /> se strâng pașnicii luptători<br /> și repede evoluează afacerea<br /> prin munca celor care speră.<br /> Puternic stau ziduri milenare<br /> între popoarele divizate;<br /> însă vor sări în lături barierele încăpățânate<br /> dezbătute de sfânta dragoste.<br /> Pe temelia unei limbi neutre,<br /> înțelegându-se reciproc<br /> popoarele vor forma în armonie<br /> un mare cerc familial.<br /> Colegii noștri sârguincioși<br /> nu vor obosi în munca pentru pace,<br /> până când frumosul vis al omenirii<br /> nu se va desăvârși pentru totdeauna.<br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizații"><span id="Organiza.C8.9Bii"></span>Organizații</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Organizații" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Organizații"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Akademio_de_Esperanto" title="Akademio de Esperanto">Academia de Esperanto</a></b> (<i>Akademio de Esperanto</i>) este organul suprem controlează evoluția limbii. Academia Esperanto este fondată în <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>, în timpul <b>primului Congres Universal Esperanto</b>, la propunerea lui Zamenhof, dar atunci sub numele de „Comitetul Lingvistic”. Numele „Academia Esperanto” a fost introdus de către comisia Comitetului Lingvistic. În 1948 ambele instituții au fost unite sub numele "Akademio de Esperanto". </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Asocia%C8%9Bia_Universal%C4%83_de_Esperanto" title="Asociația Universală de Esperanto">Asociația Universală de Esperanto</a></b> (UEA)(<i>Universala Esperanto-Asocio</i>) este cea mai mare asociație de esperantofoni din lume, cu membri în circa 120 de țări. Își are sediul central în Olanda: Nieuwe Binnenweg 176, NL-3015 BJ Rotterdam. www.uea.org. Publică revista <i>Esperanto</i> și alte publicații. </p><p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiza%C8%9Bia_Mondial%C4%83_a_Tineretului_Esperantist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organizația Mondială a Tineretului Esperantist — pagină inexistentă">Organizația Mondială a Tineretului Esperantist</a></b> (<i>Tutmonda Esperantista Junulara Organizo</i>) este secția pentru tineret are aceeași adresă. Publică revista <i>Kontakto</i>. </p><p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_%C3%8Env%C4%83%C8%9B%C4%83torilor_de_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga Internațională a Învățătorilor de Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Liga Internațională a Învățătorilor de Esperanto</a></b> <i>(Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Instruistoj)</i> este creată în special pentru instructorii de/despre Esperanto. </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ikso.net/"><b>Esperanto@Internet</b></a><i>(Esperanto@Interreto)</i> Organizație ce combină esperanto și internetul. Internetul este un instrument de comunicare fără bariere fizice, iar esperanto nu are bariere lingvistice. Împreună ei ajută toată lumea să comunice ușor și mai rapid!  </p><p><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esperantic.org">Esperantic Studies Foundation</a> </b> - susține explorarea și învățarea limbii esperanto și a temelor legate de comunicarea interlingvistică, mai ales în raport cu înalta educație din America de Nord. </p><p><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bemi.free.fr/eo.html">Mișcarea Internațională A Bicicliștilor Esperantiști</a></b> <i>(Biciklista Esperanto-Movado Internacia)</i> dedicată celor cărora le place să bicicleze și să vorbească în același timp! Organizează regulat diferite caravane de biciclete, în legătură cu <b>Congresul Internațional al Tinerilor Esperantiști</b> sau alte evenimente. </p><p><b>Asociația Română de Esperanto</b> reunește esperantiștii din toată România care sunt organizați în asociații și cluburi locale, bd. Vasile Pârvan 4, 300223 Timișoara. Publică neregulat buletinul <i>ES-TO</i>. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Academia_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_San_Marino" title="Academia Internațională de Științe San Marino">Academia Internațională de Știinte San Marino</a></b> este o instituție privată de învățământ superior cu sediul în <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a>. Academia are cinci limbi oficiale și una din ele este esperanto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a0e1527404c9186fadfc8ca3199bdc25-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a0e1527404c9186fadfc8ca3199bdc25_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/"><i>Ethnologue</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2014-10-31">31 octombrie 2014</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AEsperanto" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://op.europa.eu/web/eu-vocabularies/at-dataset/-/resource/dataset/language"><i><span lang="en">Language</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3ELanguage%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fop.europa.eu%2Fweb%2Feu-vocabularies%2Fat-dataset%2F-%2Fresource%2Fdataset%2Flanguage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AEsperanto" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlin_Ion" class="citation">Alin Ion, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.adevarul.ro/locale/targu-jiu/cum-aparut-limba-universala-esperanto-reguli-impus-filologul-polonez-creat-o-1_55b8f14ff5eaafab2c1033f0/index.html"><i>Cum a apărut limba universală Esperanto – ce reguli a impus filologul polonez care a creat-o</i></a>, m.adevarul.ro</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cum+a+ap%C4%83rut+limba+universal%C4%83+Esperanto+%E2%80%93+ce+reguli+a+impus+filologul+polonez+care+a+creat-o&rft.pub=m.adevarul.ro&rft.au=Alin+Ion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.adevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftargu-jiu%2Fcum-aparut-limba-universala-esperanto-reguli-impus-filologul-polonez-creat-o-1_55b8f14ff5eaafab2c1033f0%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AEsperanto" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cum-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cum_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cum_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esperanto.ro/eseuri/eseu6.html">Cum am devenit esperantist</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cimec.wordpress.com/2009/08/25/">Evenimente culturale recomandate de www.CIMEC.ro</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wiki.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/50px-Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/75px-Wiki.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/100px-Wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Vezi și articolele în <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="eo:">Esperanto</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efemeride.ro/descopera/esperanto-o-limba-care-s-a-dorit-a-fi-universala/">Esperanto, o limba care s-a dorit a fi universala</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba esperanto">eo</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba germană">de</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba arabă">ar</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba japoneză">ja</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba rusă">ru</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba italiană">it</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba chineză">zh</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esperantomondo.net/">Esperantomondo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912145039/http://esperantomondo.net/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2017-09-12">12 septembrie 2017</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Esperanto-portalo kaj koresponda servo</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba rusă">ru</span> * <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esperanto.mv.ru/Lernolibro/index.html">Борис Колкер. Учебник языка эсперанто. Основной курс</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ro.lernu.net/">Site pentru informare despre limba și mișcarea Esperanto, dar și învățarea ei</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130119010715/http://ro.lernu.net/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2013-01-19">19 ianuarie 2013</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esperanto.ro/bazar.html">Esperanto? Ce-i aia?</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esperanto.net/info/index_ro.html">Esperanto.net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031203123432/http://www.esperanto.net/info/index_ro.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2003-12-03">3 decembrie 2003</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; 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