CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gramatica limbii esperanto - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"3948cd8b-a5eb-432d-b5ae-74c2ac11dad5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gramatica_limbii_esperanto","wgTitle":"Gramatica limbii esperanto","wgCurRevisionId":15146682,"wgRevisionId":15146682,"wgArticleId":61285,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Esperanto","Gramatică după limbă"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gramatica_limbii_esperanto","wgRelevantArticleId":61285,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q598137","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gramatica limbii esperanto - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gramatica_limbii_esperanto rootpage-Gramatica_limbii_esperanto skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Gramatica+limbii+esperanto" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Gramatica+limbii+esperanto" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Gramatica+limbii+esperanto" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Gramatica+limbii+esperanto" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eascunde\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ro\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 3px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"nomobile\" style=\"float:right\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/126px-Concurs_de_scriere.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"126\" height=\"95\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/189px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/251px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"506\" data-file-height=\"383\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"color: grey; max-width:1280px; margin: 12px auto; font-family: Tahoma, \u0026#39;DejaVu Sans Condensed\u0026#39;, sans-serif; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; position: relative;\"\u003EA început o nouă ediție a concursului de scriere! Sunteți cu drag invitați să participați la ediția cu numărul 22, cu articole scrise sau dezvoltate considerabil între 1 aprilie și 30 noiembrie 2024. Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Structura_cuvintelor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structura_cuvintelor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Structura cuvintelor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structura_cuvintelor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Substantivul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substantivul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Substantivul</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Substantivul-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Substantivul subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Substantivul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folosirea_nominativului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folosirea_nominativului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Folosirea nominativului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folosirea_nominativului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folosirea_acuzativului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folosirea_acuzativului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Folosirea acuzativului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folosirea_acuzativului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articolul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articolul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Articolul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articolul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectivul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectivul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Adjectivul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectivul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronumele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronumele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pronumele</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pronumele-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pronumele subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pronumele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folosire:_ci_și_vi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folosire:_ci_și_vi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Folosire: <i>ci</i> și <i>vi</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folosire:_ci_și_vi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folosire:_li,_ŝi_și_ĝi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folosire:_li,_ŝi_și_ĝi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Folosire: <i>li</i>, <i>ŝi</i> și <i>ĝi</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folosire:_li,_ŝi_și_ĝi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folosire:_oni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folosire:_oni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Folosire: <i>oni</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folosire:_oni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folosire:_si" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folosire:_si"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Folosire: <i>si</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folosire:_si-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corelativele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corelativele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Corelativele</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corelativele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Verbul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gramatica limbii esperanto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 33 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto-Grammatik" title="Esperanto-Grammatik – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Esperanto-Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="قواعد الإسبرانتو – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قواعد الإسبرانتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica_del_esperantu" title="Gramática del esperantu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gramática del esperantu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Эсперанто грамматикаһы – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эсперанто грамматикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граматыка эсперанта – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Граматыка эсперанта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граматыка эспэранта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Граматыка эспэранта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezhadur_an_esperanteg" title="Yezhadur an esperanteg – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhadur an esperanteg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica_de_l%27esperanto" title="Gramàtica de l'esperanto – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gramàtica de l'esperanto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbau_des_Esperanto" title="Sprachbau des Esperanto – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprachbau des Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Γραμματική της Εσπεράντο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμματική της Εσπεράντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_grammar" title="Esperanto grammar – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Esperanto grammar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiko_de_Esperanto" title="Gramatiko de Esperanto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gramatiko de Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica_del_esperanto" title="Gramática del esperanto – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gramática del esperanto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="دستور زبان اسپرانتو – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستور زبان اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanton_kielioppi" title="Esperanton kielioppi – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Esperanton kielioppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaire_de_l%27esp%C3%A9ranto" title="Grammaire de l'espéranto – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grammaire de l'espéranto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantska_gramatika" title="Esperantska gramatika – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Esperantska gramatika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszperant%C3%B3_nyelvtan" title="Eszperantó nyelvtan – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eszperantó nyelvtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica_dell%27esperanto" title="Grammatica dell'esperanto – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grammatica dell'esperanto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95" title="에스페란토 문법 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스페란토 문법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_(gramatica)" title="Esperanto (gramatica) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esperanto (gramatica)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_gramatika" title="Esperanto gramatika – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Esperanto gramatika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_gramatika" title="Esperanto gramatika – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Esperanto gramatika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatabahasa_bahasa_Esperanto" title="Tatabahasa bahasa Esperanto – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tatabahasa bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantogrammatica" title="Esperantogrammatica – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esperantogrammatica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica_de_l%27esperanto" title="Gramatica de l'esperanto – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gramatica de l'esperanto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatyka_j%C4%99zyka_esperanto" title="Gramatyka języka esperanto – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gramatyka języka esperanto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica_do_esperanto" title="Gramática do esperanto – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gramática do esperanto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Грамматика эсперанто – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грамматика эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_grammar" title="Esperanto grammar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Esperanto grammar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_dilbilgisi" title="Esperanto dilbilgisi – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Esperanto dilbilgisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Граматика есперанто – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Граматика есперанто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="世界语语法 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="世界语语法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q598137#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&oldid=15146682" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&id=15146682&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGramatica_limbii_esperanto"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGramatica_limbii_esperanto"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gramatica+limbii+esperanto"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto_grammar" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q598137" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center; width: 18em;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esperanto flag"><img alt="Esperanto flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/70px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/105px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/140px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Esperanto flag</figcaption></figure><big><b>Esperanto</b></big> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Acest articol este o parte a seriei de articole despre <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Esperanto" title="Categorie:Esperanto">Esperanto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Esperanto" title="Categorie:Esperanto">Limba</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a></b> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gramatică</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Scrisori_%C3%AEn_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Scrisori în esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Scrisori</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologia_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologia limbii esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Fonologie</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografia_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografia limbii esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Ortografie</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocabularul_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vocabularul limbii esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Vocabular</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Istoria_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Istoria limbii esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Istoria</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Istoria_limbii_esperanto" title="Istoria limbii esperanto">Istoria</a></b> | <a href="/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof" class="mw-redirect" title="L. L. Zamenhof">Zamenhof</a> | <a href="/wiki/Proto-esperanto" title="Proto-esperanto">Proto-esperanto</a> | "<i><a href="/wiki/Unua_Libro" title="Unua Libro">Unua Libro</a></i>" | <a href="/wiki/Declara%C8%9Bia_de_la_Boulogne" title="Declarația de la Boulogne">Declarația de la Boulogne</a> | "<i><a href="/wiki/Fundamento_de_Esperanto" title="Fundamento de Esperanto">Fundamento</a></i>" | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_Manifesto_(Esperanto)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prague Manifesto (Esperanto) — pagină inexistentă">Prague Manifesto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Cultura_esperantist%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Cultura esperantistă — pagină inexistentă">Cultura</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Esperanto_media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Esperanto media — pagină inexistentă">media</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cultura_esperantist%C4%83" title="Cultura esperantistă">Cultura</a></b> | <a href="/wiki/Esperantist" title="Esperantist">Esperantist</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperantujo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperantujo — pagină inexistentă">Esperantujo</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto film — pagină inexistentă">Film</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internacia_Televido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internacia Televido — pagină inexistentă">Internacia Televido</a> | <i><a href="/wiki/La_Espero" title="La Espero">La Espero</a></i> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto library — pagină inexistentă">Libraries</a> | <a href="/wiki/Literatur%C4%83_%C3%AEn_esperanto" title="Literatură în esperanto">Literatură</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzic%C4%83_%C3%AEn_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzică în esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Muzică</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorbitori_nativi_de_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorbitori nativi de esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Vorbitori nativi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_in_popular_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto in popular culture — pagină inexistentă">Pop culture references</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Publica%C8%9Bii_%C3%AEn_esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Publicații în esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Publicații</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simboluri_esperantiste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simboluri esperantiste — pagină inexistentă">Simboluri</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ziua_Zamenhof" title="Ziua Zamenhof">Ziua Zamenhof</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Organiza%C8%9Bii_esperantiste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Organizații esperantiste — pagină inexistentă">Organizații</a> și servicii </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amikeca_Reto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amikeca Reto — pagină inexistentă">Amikeca Reto</a></i> | <a href="/wiki/Akademio_de_Esperanto" title="Akademio de Esperanto">Academia de Esperanto</a> | <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurso_de_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurso de Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Kurso de Esperanto</a></i> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enciclopedia Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Enciclopedia</a> | <i><a href="/wiki/Pasporta_Servo" title="Pasporta Servo">Pasporta Servo</a></i> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plou%C3%A9zec_International_Meetings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plouézec International Meetings — pagină inexistentă">Plouézec Meetings</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tutmonda_Esperantista_Junulara_Organizo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tutmonda Esperantista Junulara Organizo — pagină inexistentă">TEJO</a> | <a href="/wiki/Asocia%C8%9Bia_Universal%C4%83_de_Esperanto" title="Asociația Universală de Esperanto">UEA</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sennacieca_Asocio_Tutmonda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda — pagină inexistentă">SAT</a> | <a href="/wiki/Universala_Kongreso_de_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Universala Kongreso de Esperanto">UK</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internacia_Junulara_Kongreso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internacia Junulara Kongreso — pagină inexistentă">IJK</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_as_an_international_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto as an international language — pagină inexistentă">Criticism</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperantido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperantido — pagină inexistentă">Esperantido</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propaedeutic_value_of_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propaedeutic value of Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Propedeutic value</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformed Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Reformed</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riism — pagină inexistentă">Riism</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_and_Ido_compared&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto and Ido compared — pagină inexistentă">Vs. Ido</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_and_Interlingua_compared&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto and Interlingua compared — pagină inexistentă">Vs. Interlingua</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto_and_Novial_compared&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esperanto and Novial compared — pagină inexistentă">Vs. Novial</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB">Subiecte asemănătoare </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limb%C4%83_auxiliar%C4%83_interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbă auxiliară internațională — pagină inexistentă">Limbă auxiliară</a> | <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_artificial%C4%83" title="Limbă artificială">Limbă artificială</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a> | <a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novial — pagină inexistentă">Novial</a> | <a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Signuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signuno — pagină inexistentă">Signuno</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anationalism — pagină inexistentă">Anationalism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #BBDDBB">Wikimedia </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Esperanto — pagină inexistentă">Portal</a> | <a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="eo:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikipedio</a> | <a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikt:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="eo:wikt:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikivortaro</a> | <a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="eo:q:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikicitaro</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do:Esperanto">Vikifonto</a> | <a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/eo:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="b:eo:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikilibroj</a> | <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="commons:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikikomunejo</a> | <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ĉefpaĝo">Vikispecoj</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Acest articol descrie <b>gramatica limbii <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">esperanto</a></b>. Esperanto este o limbă foarte regulată, practic fără excepții. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structura_cuvintelor">Structura cuvintelor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structura cuvintelor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Structura cuvintelor"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esperanto este o limbă aglutinantă. Părțile de vorbire se disting prin vocala finală: <b>-o</b> pentru substantive, <b>-i</b> pentru verbe (la infinitiv) și pronume personale, <b>-a</b> pentru adjective și <b>-e</b> pentru adverbe; există și câteva adverbe, nederivate, terminate în <b>-aŭ</b>. Numeralele, prepozițiile și câteva adverbe nederivate nu au nici o terminație specifică. Cuvintele consistă dintr-o rădăcină, care le dă sensul, unul sau mai multe afixe (dacă este cazul) și vocala finală, care arată partea de vorbire a cuvântului. De exemplu, structura cuvântului <b>malsanulejo</b> <i>spital</i>: </p><p><br /> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr align="center" style="background: #efefef"> <th>prefix </th> <th>rădăcină </th> <th>sufix </th> <th>sufix </th> <th>vocală finală </th></tr> <tr> <th>mal- </th> <th>san </th> <th>-ul- </th> <th>-ej- </th> <th>-o </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p>Rădăcina <b>san-</b> înseamnă <i>sănătate</i>, <i>sănătos</i>. Cu prefixul <b>mal-</b> se obține sensul opus, adică <i>bolnav</i>. Sufixul <b>-ul-</b> înseamnă <i>persoană</i>, iar <b>-ej-</b> înseamnă <i>loc</i>; adică "loc pentru oameni bolnavi". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Substantivul">Substantivul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Substantivul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Substantivul"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toate substantivele se termină în <i>-o</i>. Pluralul se formează adăugând terminația <i>-j</i>. Există numai două cazuri: <a href="/wiki/Nominativ" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominativ">nominativ</a> și <a href="/wiki/Acuzativ" class="mw-redirect" title="Acuzativ">acuzativ</a>. Acuzativul se formează adăugând terminația <i>-n</i> (la plural, după sufixul <i>-j</i>). Prin urmare, un substantiv din esperanto are patru forme, după cum se vede în tabelul următor: </p><p><br /> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr align="center" style="background: #cccccc"> <th> </th> <th style="background: #efefef">nominativ </th> <th style="background: #efefef">acuzativ </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">singular </th> <td>-<b>o</b></td> <td>-<b>on</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">plural </th> <td>-<b>oj</b></td> <td>-<b>ojn</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folosirea_nominativului">Folosirea nominativului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Folosirea nominativului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Folosirea nominativului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nominativul se folosește pentru a exprima subiectul propoziției: </p> <ul><li><b><i>La knabo</i> manĝas panon.</b> <i>Băiatul mănâncă pâine.</i></li></ul> <p>De asemenea, numele predicativ stă întotdeauna în nominativ (o greșeală des întâlnită la începători este folosirea acuzativului în această situație): </p> <ul><li><b>Mi estas <i>knabo</i>.</b> <i>Eu sunt un băiat.</i></li> <li><b>La studento iĝis <i>fama profesoro</i>.</b> <i>Studentul a devenit un profesor faimos.</i></li></ul> <p>Nominativul este folosit cu toate prepozițiile: </p> <ul><li><b>Mi estas <i>en la domo</i>.</b> <i>Sunt în casă.</i></li> <li><b>Mi ne povis veni <i>pro vi</i>.</b> <i>N-am putut să vin din cauza ta.</i></li> <li><b>La centro <i>de la urbo</i> estas tre malnova.</b> <i>Centrul orașului este foarte vechi.</i></li></ul> <p>Câteva prepoziții pot fi folosite și cu acuzativul, vezi mai jos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folosirea_acuzativului">Folosirea acuzativului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Folosirea acuzativului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Folosirea acuzativului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În majoritatea cazurilor, acuzativul se folosește pentru a desemna complementul direct: </p> <ul><li><b>La knabo manĝas pano<i>n</i>.</b> <i>Băiatul mănâncă pâine.</i></li> <li><b>La knabo<i>n</i> vidis mia amiko.</b> <i>Pe băiat l-a văzut prietenul meu.</i></li></ul> <p>Acuzativul este de asemenea folosit cu unele prepoziții pentru a indica direcția: </p> <ul><li><b>Mi estas en la domo.</b> <i>Sunt în casă.</i> — dar:</li> <li><b>Mi iras en la domo<i>n</i>.</b> <i>Mă duc în casă.</i></li></ul> <p>Pentru a arăta durata sau distanța: </p> <ul><li><b>La kunveno daŭris kelkaj<i>n</i> horoj<i>n</i>.</b> <i>Întrunirea a durat câteva ore.</i></li> <li><b>Ni piediris du kilometroj<i>n</i> ĝis lia domo.</b> <i>Am mers doi kilometri până la el acasă.</i></li> <li><b>Bonvolu atendi min kvin minutoj<i>n</i>.</b> <i>Așteaptă-mă cinci minute, te rog.</i></li></ul> <p>În câteva expresii uzuale: </p> <ul><li><b>Bona<i>n</i> tago<i>n</i>!</b> <i>Bună ziua!</i></li> <li><b>Bona<i>n</i> nokto<i>n</i>!</b> <i>Noapte bună!</i></li> <li><b>Danko<i>n</i>!</b> <i>Mulțumesc!</i></li> <li><b>Feliĉa<i>n</i> naskiĝtago<i>n</i>!</b> <i>La mulți ani</i> (de zi de naștere)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articolul">Articolul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Articolul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Articolul"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În esperanto, articolul hotărât este <i>la</i>, care nu-și schimbă niciodată forma. Nu există articol nehotărât. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adjectivul">Adjectivul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adjectivul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Adjectivul"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toate adjectivele se termină în <i>-a</i>. Pluralul și acuzativul se formează exact ca la substantive. Prin urmare, un adjectiv are tot patru forme: </p><p><br /> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr align="center" style="background: #cccccc"> <th> </th> <th style="background: #efefef">nominativ </th> <th style="background: #efefef">acuzativ </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">singular </th> <td>-<b>a</b></td> <td>-<b>an</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">plural </th> <td>-<b>aj</b></td> <td>-<b>ajn</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p>Adjectivul se acordă în caz și număr cu substantivul pe care îl determină. Cum în esperanto nu există gen gramatical, nu poate fi vorba de acord în gen. Câteva exemple: </p> <ul><li><b><i>Nia nova samklasano</i> estas <i>lerta</i>.</b> <i>Noul nostru coleg este deștept.</i></li> <li><b>Mi ne konas <i>nian novan samklasanon</i>.</b> <i>Nu-l cunosc pe noul nostru coleg.</i></li> <li><b><i>Niaj novaj samklasanoj</i> estas <i>lertaj</i>.</b> <i>Noii noștri colegi sunt deștepți.</i></li> <li><b>Mi ne konas <i>niajn novajn samklasanojn</i>.</b> <i>Nu-i cunosc pe noii noștri colegi.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronumele">Pronumele</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Pronumele" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Pronumele"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pronumele personale din esperanto sunt următoarele: </p><p><br /> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr align="center" style="background: #cccccc"> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th style="background: #efefef">singular </th> <th style="background: #efefef">plural </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef" colspan="2">pers. I </th> <td><b>mi</b></td> <td><b>ni</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef" colspan="2">pers. a II-a </th> <td><b>ci</b> / <b>vi</b></td> <td><b>vi</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef" rowspan="3">pers. a III-a </th> <th style="background: #efefef">masculin </th> <td><b>li</b></td> <td rowspan="3"><b>ili</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">feminin </th> <td><b>ŝi</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">neutru </th> <td><b>ĝi</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef" colspan="2">impersonal </th> <td colspan="2"><b>oni</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef" colspan="2">reflexiv </th> <td colspan="2"><b>si</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p>Acuzativul se formează adăugând <i>-n</i>, ca la substantive și adjective: <b>mi</b> <i>eu</i>, <b>min</b> <i>pe mine</i>. Adjectivul pronominal posesiv se formează adăugând <i>-a</i>, și se declină ca oricare alt adjectiv: <b>ni</b> <i>noi</i>, <b>nia</b> <i>al nostru, a noastră</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folosire:_ci_și_vi"><span id="Folosire:_ci_.C8.99i_vi"></span>Folosire: <i>ci</i> și <i>vi</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Folosire: ci și vi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Folosire: ci și vi"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pronumele <b>ci</b> este foarte rar folosit în esperanto. În general nici nu apare în manuale, iar atunci când este folosit, poate avea o conotație peiorativă. Prin urmare, pronumele <b>vi</b> este folosit și la singular, și la plural, și ca pronume de politețe, corespunzând pronumelor din română <i>tu</i>, <i>voi</i>, <i>dumneata</i> și <i>dumneavoastră</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folosire:_li,_ŝi_și_ĝi"><span id="Folosire:_li.2C_.C5.9Di_.C8.99i_.C4.9Di"></span>Folosire: <i>li</i>, <i>ŝi</i> și <i>ĝi</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Folosire: li, ŝi și ĝi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Folosire: li, ŝi și ĝi"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pronumele <b>li</b> și <b>ŝi</b> se folosesc numai cu referire la persoane sau animale și lucruri personificate. Pronumele <b>ĝi</b> poate desemna animale, lucruri, idei abstracte etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folosire:_oni">Folosire: <i>oni</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Folosire: oni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Folosire: oni"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pronumele <i>oni</i> este analog pronumelui impersonal <i>se</i> din limba română. Este echivalentul franțuzescului <i>on</i> sau germanului <i>Mann</i>. Se folosește atunci când este vorba de ceea ce se face în general, când autorul acțiunii nu poate fi bine precizat. Este folosit mai ales ca subiect. De exemplu: <b>Ĉi tie oni laboras multe.</b> <i>Aici se muncește mult.</i> - este vorba de oameni în general, și nu de cineva anume. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folosire:_si">Folosire: <i>si</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Folosire: si" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Folosire: si"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pronumele <b>si</b> - și derivatele sale - se poate întrebuința doar la persoana a treia. El se referă la subiectul propoziției, însă nu poate fi subiect sau parte din subiect. De exemplu: <b>Li lavas lin</b> = <i>El îl spală pe el</i> (pe o altă persoană de gen masculin). <b>Li lavas sin</b> = <i>El se spală</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corelativele">Corelativele</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Corelativele" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Corelativele"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr align="center" style="background: #efefef"> <th style="background: #cccccc">  </th> <th>-o <i>(lucruri)</i> </th> <th>-u <i>(persoane)</i> </th> <th>-es <i>(posesor)</i> </th> <th>-a <i>(fel)</i> </th> <th>-e <i>(loc)</i> </th> <th>-al <i>(motiv)</i> </th> <th>-am <i>(timp)</i> </th> <th>-el <i>(mod)</i> </th> <th>-om <i>(cantitate)</i> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">ki- <i>(interogativ)</i> </th> <td><b>kio</b> <i>ce</i></td> <td><b>kiu</b> <i>cine</i> </td> <td><b>kies</b> <i>al cui</i> </td> <td><b>kia</b> <i>ce fel de</i></td> <td><b>kie</b> <i>unde</i> </td> <td><b>kial</b> <i>de ce</i> </td> <td><b>kiam</b> <i>când</i></td> <td><b>kiel</b> <i>cum</i> </td> <td><b>kiom</b> <i>cât</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">ti- <i>(demonstrativ)</i> </th> <td><b>tio</b> <i>(lucrul) acela</i></td> <td><b>tiu</b> <i>acel(a)</i> </td> <td><b>ties</b> <i>al aceluia</i> </td> <td><b>tia</b> <i>ase-<br />menea, de acest fel</i> </td> <td><b>tie</b> <i>acolo</i></td> <td><b>tial</b> <i>de aceea</i> </td> <td><b>tiam</b> <i>atunci</i> </td> <td><b>tiel</b> <i>țn acel fel</i></td> <td><b>tiom</b> <i>atât</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">i- <i>(nehotărât)</i> </th> <td><b>io</b> <i>ceva</i></td> <td><b>iu</b> <i>cineva</i> </td> <td><b>ies</b> <i>al cuiva</i> </td> <td><b>ia</b> <i>de vreun fel</i></td> <td><b>ie</b> <i>undeva</i> </td> <td><b>ial</b> <i>dintr-un motiv sau altul</i> </td> <td><b>iam</b> <i>cândva</i></td> <td><b>iel</b> <i>cumva</i> </td> <td><b>iom</b> <i>câtva</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">neni- <i>(negativ)</i> </th> <td><b>nenio</b> <i>nimic</i></td> <td><b>neniu</b> <i>nimeni</i> </td> <td><b>nenies</b> <i>al nimănui</i> </td> <td><b>nenia</b> <i>de nici un fel</i></td> <td><b>nenie</b> <i>nicăieri</i> </td> <td><b>nenial</b> <i>fără nici un motiv</i> </td> <td><b>neniam</b> <i>niciodată</i></td> <td><b>neniel</b> <i>în nici un fel</i> </td> <td><b>neniom</b> <i>nici o cantitate, deloc</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th style="background: #efefef">ĉi- <i>(total)</i> </th> <td><b>ĉio</b> <i>tot</i></td> <td><b>ĉiu</b> <i>fiecare</i> </td> <td><b>ĉies</b> <i>al tuturor</i> </td> <td><b>ĉia</b> <i>de toate felurile</i></td> <td><b>ĉie</b> <i>pretutindeni</i> </td> <td><b>ĉial</b> <i>din toate motivele</i> </td> <td><b>ĉiam</b> <i>întotdeauna</i></td> <td><b>ĉiel</b> <i>în toate felurile</i> </td> <td><b>ĉiom</b> <i>toată (cantitatea)</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbul">Verbul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Verbul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Verbul"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toate verbele se termină la <a href="/wiki/Infinitiv" title="Infinitiv">infinitiv</a> în <i>-i</i>. Există trei moduri finite: <a href="/wiki/Indicativ" title="Indicativ">indicativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Condi%C8%9Bional" title="Condițional">condițional</a> și <a href="/wiki/Imperativ" title="Imperativ">imperativ</a>. La indicativ se face diferența între prezent, trecut și viitor; celelalte moduri nu au timpuri. În plus, există un participiu activ (format cu infixul <i>-nt-</i>) și unul pasiv (<i>-t-</i>) pentru fiecare dintre cele trei timpuri. Ex. <i>fari</i> = a face; <i>faras</i> - indicativul prezent pentru toate persoanele; <i>faris</i> - trecut pentru toate persoanele; <i>faros</i> - viitorul pentru toate persoanele; <i>farus</i> - condiționalul pentru toate persoanele; <i>faru</i> - imperativul pentru toate persoanele. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ro.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/index.php">Gramatică concisă</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511104848/http://ro.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/index.php">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-05-11">11 mai 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (în limba română)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ro.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/detala/index.php">Gramatică detaliată</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514050011/http://ro.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/detala/index.php">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-05-14">14 mai 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (în esperanto)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&oldid=15146682">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&oldid=15146682</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Esperanto" title="Categorie:Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Gramatic%C4%83_dup%C4%83_limb%C4%83" title="Categorie:Gramatică după limbă">Gramatică după limbă</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie ascunsă: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categorie:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 12 octombrie 2022, ora 10:13.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_limbii_esperanto&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5z882","wgBackendResponseTime":137,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.063","walltime":"0.087","ppvisitednodes":{"value":81,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4043,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":3,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 37.525 1 -total"," 75.58% 28.361 2 Format:Webarchive"," 23.48% 8.811 1 Format:Esperanto"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.010","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":778366,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c54859c9b-l4sw4","timestamp":"20241111193825","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gramatica limbii esperanto","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gramatica_limbii_esperanto","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q598137","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q598137","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-02-14T14:52:46Z","dateModified":"2022-10-12T08:13:09Z"}</script> </body> </html>