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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-특징" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#특징"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>특징</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-특징-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-언어_사용_지역의_지리적_위치와_인구" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#언어_사용_지역의_지리적_위치와_인구"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>언어 사용 지역의 지리적 위치와 인구</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-언어_사용_지역의_지리적_위치와_인구-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>언어 사용 지역의 지리적 위치와 인구 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-언어_사용_지역의_지리적_위치와_인구-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-지리학과_인구학" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지리학과_인구학"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>지리학과 인구학</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-지리학과_인구학-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-언어_구사자의_수" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#언어_구사자의_수"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>언어 구사자의 수</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-언어_구사자의_수-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-모국어_사용자" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#모국어_사용자"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>모국어 사용자</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-모국어_사용자-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-언어의_변화" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#언어의_변화"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>언어의 변화</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-언어의_변화-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-언어학적_특성" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#언어학적_특성"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>언어학적 특성</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-언어학적_특성-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>언어학적 특성 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-언어학적_특성-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-분류" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#분류"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>분류</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-분류-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-문법" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#문법"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>문법</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-문법-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-어원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#어원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>어원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-어원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-글자" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#글자"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>글자</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-글자-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-글자와_말소리" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#글자와_말소리"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>글자와 말소리</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-글자와_말소리-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-윗부호" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#윗부호"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>윗부호</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-윗부호-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-예시" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#예시"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>예시</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-예시-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-비판과_개선안" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#비판과_개선안"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>비판과 개선안</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-비판과_개선안-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>비판과 개선안 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-비판과_개선안-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-에스페란티도" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#에스페란티도"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>에스페란티도</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-에스페란티도-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-성_차별_문제" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#성_차별_문제"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>성 차별 문제</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-성_차별_문제-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-에스페란토는_유럽인에게만_유리한_언어인가?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#에스페란토는_유럽인에게만_유리한_언어인가?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>에스페란토는 유럽인에게만 유리한 언어인가?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-에스페란토는_유럽인에게만_유리한_언어인가?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-대격" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#대격"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>대격</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-대격-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-동의어" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#동의어"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>동의어</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-동의어-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-발음" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#발음"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>발음</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-발음-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">에스페란토</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 212개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-212" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">212개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – 압카즈어" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="압카즈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Ӏэспэранто – 아디게어" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Ӏэспэранто" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="아디게어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 남부 알타이어" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="남부 알타이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%94%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B6" title="ኤስፔራንቶ – 암하라어" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤስፔራንቶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="암하라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 고대 영어" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="고대 영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – 앙가어" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="앙가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="إسبرانتو – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسبرانتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88" title="إسپيرانطو – 모로코 아랍어" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسپيرانطو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="모로코 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسبرانتو – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسبرانتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantu" title="Esperantu – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Esperantu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantoava" title="Esperantoava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Esperantoava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispirantu_aru" title="Ispirantu aru – 아이마라어" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ispirantu aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="아이마라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ایسپرانتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Эсперанта – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эсперанта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Эспэранта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эспэранта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Sep%C3%A8ranto" title="Basa Sepèranto – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Sepèranto" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 밤바라어" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="밤바라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B" title="এসপেরান্তো – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এসপেরান্তো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanteg" title="Esperanteg – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Esperanteg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A9-g%C3%A1i-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Sié-gái-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sié-gái-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 세부아노어" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="세부아노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86" title="ئێسپێرانتۆ – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێسپێرانتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_tili" title="Esperanto tili – 크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Esperanto tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 카슈비아어" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="카슈비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Єспєранто – 교회 슬라브어" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єспєранто" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="교회 슬라브어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 저지 소르비아어" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="저지 소르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Εσπεράντο – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσπεράντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esper%C3%A0nt" title="Esperànt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Esperànt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 풀라어" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="풀라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_kiil" title="Esperanto kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Esperanto kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 페로어" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="페로어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9ranto" title="Espéranto – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espéranto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88speranto" title="Èsperanto – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èsperanto" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 과라니어" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="과라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉 – 고트어" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="고트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 하우사어" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="하우사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Ekepel%C4%81nako" title="ʻŌlelo Ekepelānako – 하와이어" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Ekepelānako" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="하와이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="אספרנטו – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אספרנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरांतो – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्पेरांतो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 피지 힌디어" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="피지 힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 고지 소르비아어" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="고지 소르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszperant%C3%B3_nyelv" title="Eszperantó nyelv – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eszperantó nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8" title="Էսպերանտո – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսպերանտո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 인테르링구에" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="인테르링구에" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isipirantu_uqautchiq" title="Isipirantu uqautchiq – 이누피아크어" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Isipirantu uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="이누피아크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 이로코어" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="이로코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="エスペラント – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エスペラント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/esperantos" title="esperantos – 로반어" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="esperantos" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="로반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Basa Éspéranto – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="ესპერანტო – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპერანტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_tili" title="Esperanto tili – 카라칼파크어" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Esperanto tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="카라칼파크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es%C9%A9perant%C9%94_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 키쿠유어" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="키쿠유어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 그린란드어" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="그린란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A" title="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 콜로그니안어" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="콜로그니안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_esperanto" title="Zimanê esperanto – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Эсперанто (кыв) – 코미어" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эсперанто (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="코미어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantek" title="Esperantek – 콘월어" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Esperantek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="콘월어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Esperantica" title="Lingua Esperantica – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Esperantica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 라디노어" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="라디노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 레즈기안어" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="레즈기안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 링구아 프랑카 노바" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="링구아 프랑카 노바" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esper%C3%A0nto" title="Esperànto – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Esperànto" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_esperanto" title="Lengua esperanto – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisipelanto" title="Lisipelanto – 링갈라어" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisipelanto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="링갈라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эсперанто кяль – 모크샤어" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эсперанто кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="모크샤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_esperant%C3%B4" title="Fiteny esperantô – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny esperantô" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Esperanto" title="Bahaso Esperanto – 미낭카바우어" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="미낭카바우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B" title="എസ്പെരാന്തോ – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്പെരാന്തോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯇꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ – 마니푸리어" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯇꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="마니푸리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरांतो – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्पेरांतो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 몰타어" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="몰타어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speranto" title="Speranto – 미란데어" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Speranto" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="미란데어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အက်စပါရန်တိုဘာသာစကား – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်စပါရန်တိုဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 엘즈야어" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="엘즈야어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – 마잔데라니어" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="마잔데라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 저지 색슨어" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="저지 색슨어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्परान्तो – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एस्परान्तो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9raunto" title="Espéraunto – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Espéraunto" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 오세트어" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="오세트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B" title="ਐੱਸਪੇਰਾਂਤੋ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐੱਸਪੇਰਾਂਤੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 파피아먼토어" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="파피아먼토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Éspéranto – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_esperanto" title="Lenga esperanto – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga esperanto" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اېسپرانتو ژبه – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېسپرانتو ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispirantu_simi" title="Ispirantu simi – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ispirantu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 로만시어" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="로만시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiseperanto" title="Kiseperanto – 룬디어" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Kiseperanto" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="룬디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyesiperanto" title="Icyesiperanto – 르완다어" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyesiperanto" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="르완다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – 산스크리트어" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="산스크리트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3" title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱᱛᱳ – 산탈리어" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱᱛᱳ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="산탈리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 사르디니아어" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="사르디니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_esperantu" title="Lingua esperantu – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua esperantu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantogiella" title="Esperantogiella – 북부 사미어" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Esperantogiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="북부 사미어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9C" title="එස්පෙරාන්තො – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එස්පෙරාන්තො" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esberanto" title="Esberanto – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Esberanto" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_esperanto" title="Gjuha esperanto – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha esperanto" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD-Speranto" title="Sí-Speranto – 시스와티어" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Sí-Speranto" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="시스와티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Basa Éspéranto – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiesperanto" title="Kiesperanto – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiesperanto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="எஸ்பெராண்டோ – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எஸ்பெராண்டோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B" title="ఎస్పరాంటో – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎస్పరాంటో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Забони эсперанто – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="ภาษาเอสเปรันโต – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเอสเปรันโต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 토크 피신어" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="토크 피신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – 우드말트어" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="우드말트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ئېسپېرانتو – 위구르어" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېسپېرانتو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="위구르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Quốc tế ngữ – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc tế ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperant" title="Sperant – 볼라퓌크어" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sperant" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="볼라퓌크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 왈론어" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="왈론어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inesperanto" title="Inesperanto – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inesperanto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 월로프어" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="월로프어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="世界语 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="世界语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Эсперантин келн – 칼미크어" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Эсперантин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="칼미크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiEsperanto" title="IsiEsperanto – 코사어" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiEsperanto" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="코사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="ესპერანტო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესპერანტო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90" title="עספעראנטא – 이디시어" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עספעראנטא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="이디시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Esperanto" title="Èdè Esperanto – 요루바어" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="요루바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 주앙어" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="주앙어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="世界语 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="世界语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="世界語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="世界語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="世界語 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="世界語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi-Esperanto" title="Isi-Esperanto – 줄루어" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isi-Esperanto" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="줄루어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q143#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480376">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid 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href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%EB%B0%9D%ED%9E%88%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:출처 밝히기"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg/40px-Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg/60px-Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg/80px-Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">이 문서의 내용은 <b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%EB%B0%9D%ED%9E%88%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:출처 밝히기">출처</a>가 분명하지 않습니다.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"><br />이 <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit">문서를 편집</a></span>하여, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%8B%A0%EB%A2%B0%ED%95%A0_%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94_%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98" title="위키백과:신뢰할 수 있는 출처">신뢰할 수 있는 출처</a>를 표기해 주세요. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%ED%99%95%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5" title="위키백과:확인 가능">검증</a>되지 않은 내용은 삭제될 수도 있습니다. 내용에 대한 의견은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="토론:에스페란토">토론 문서</a>에서 나누어 주세요.</span> <span class="date-container">(<small><span class="date">2014년 9월</span></small>)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="dablink hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> 다른 뜻에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_(%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98)" class="mw-disambig" title="에스페란토 (동음이의)">에스페란토 (동음이의)</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <table class="infobox"> <caption style="border-top: 0.35em solid gray; border-bottom: 0.35em solid gray; margin: 0.25em 0em 0.5em 0em;">에스페란토<br /><span style="font-size: 80%;">Esperanto</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">언어 인구 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="외국어">외국어</a> 수백만에서 수천만 명으로 추산, <br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%B4" title="모어">모어</a>로 많게는 3000명으로 추정 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="어족">언어 계통</a> </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4" title="인공어">인공어</a>(<a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="인도유럽어족">인도유럽어족</a>의 특징이 있음) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:gray; color:white;">공용어 및 표준 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">표준 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%ED%95%99%EC%88%A0%ED%9A%8C" title="에스페란토 학술회">에스페란토 학술회</a>(Akademio de Esperanto) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:gray; color:white;">언어 부호 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a> </span> </th> <td><code>eo</code> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> </span> </th> <td><code>epo</code> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a> </th> <td><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/epo" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:epo">epo</a></code> 에스페란토 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_(2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/280px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/420px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/560px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><caption class="sidebar-outer-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">에스페란토</a></caption><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/70px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/105px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/140px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BBDDBB"> 언어</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95" title="에스페란토 문법">문법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="에스페란토 문자">문자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%8F%99%EC%82%AC" title="에스페란토 동사">동사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%96%B4%EC%9B%90" title="에스페란토 어원">어원</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BBDDBB"> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="에스페란토의 역사">역사</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._L._%EC%9E%90%EB%A9%98%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84" title="L. L. 자멘호프">L. L. 자멘호프</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B8%B0_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="초기 에스페란토">초기 에스페란토</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EB%8C%80_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="현대 에스페란토 언어변화">변화</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BBDDBB"> 주요 문서</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%84%9C" title="제1서">제1서</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%98%88%EB%AC%B8%EC%A7%91" title="에스페란토 기본 예문집">예문집</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%91%BC%EB%8B%A4%EB%A9%98%ED%86%A0_%EB%8D%B0_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="푼다멘토 데 에스페란토">푼다멘토</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%A1%9C%EB%89%B4_%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8" title="불로뉴 선언">불로뉴 선언</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AE%8C%ED%97%A8_%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8" title="뮌헨 선언">뮌헨 선언</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%ED%95%98_%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8" title="프라하 선언">프라하 선언</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%8F%84%ED%95%B4%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="에스페란토 도해대사전">도해대사전</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BBDDBB"> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="에스페란토 문화">문화</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%83%81%EC%A7%95" title="에스페란토 상징">상징</a>(<a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0%EA%B8%B0" title="에스페란토기">에스페란토기</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%9C" title="라 에스페로">라 에스페로</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0" title="에스페란티스토">에스페란티스토</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85" title="에스페란토 음악">음악</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="에스페란토 문학">문학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%A9%98%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%A0" title="자멘호프의 날">자멘호프의 날</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BBDDBB"> 조직</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C" title="세계 에스페란토 협회">세계 협회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%8C%80%ED%9A%8C" title="세계 에스페란토 대회">세계 대회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%ED%95%99%EC%88%A0%ED%9A%8C" title="에스페란토 학술회">학술회</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="한국에스페란토협회 (없는 문서)">한국 협회</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BBDDBB"> 국가별 현황</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_in_Korea" class="extiw" title="en:Esperanto in Korea">대한민국</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_en_Sovetunio" class="extiw" title="eo:Esperanto en Sovetunio">소련</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto-movado_en_A%C5%ADstrio" class="extiw" title="eo:Esperanto-movado en Aŭstrio">오스트리아</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto-movado_en_Pollando" class="extiw" title="eo:Esperanto-movado en Pollando">폴란드</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BBDDBB"> 교육</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC" title="에스페란토 위키백과">위키백과</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lernu!" title="Lernu!">lernu!</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BBDDBB"> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%8B%B0%EB%8F%84" title="에스페란티도">에스페란티도</a> 및 개선안</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%84_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4)" title="이도 (언어)">이도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%84%BC_%EC%B0%A8%ED%8E%A0%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4" title="에스페란토 센 차펠로이">센 차펠로이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%84%BC_%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A4" title="에스페란토 센 플렉시오">센 플렉시오</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%AA%A8" title="리이스모">리이스모</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%BA%84_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%B0" title="아르카이캄 에스페란톰">아르카이캄 에스페란톰</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311309">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="틀:에스페란토"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="틀토론:에스페란토"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="특수:문서편집/틀:에스페란토"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_(2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/300px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/450px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/600px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>에스페란토 협회가 있는 나라</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/300px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/450px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/600px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>에스페란토의 녹색 기</figcaption></figure> <p><b>에스페란토</b>(<span lang="eo">Esperanto</span>)는 세계에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4" title="인공어">인공어</a>이다. "에스페란토"라는 이름은 <a href="/wiki/1887%EB%85%84" title="1887년">1887년</a> 발표한 국제어 문법 제1서에 쓰였던 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%90%EB%A1%9C_%EB%A3%A8%EB%93%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%BD%94_%EC%9E%90%EB%A9%98%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84" class="mw-redirect" title="라자로 루드비코 자멘호프">라자로 루드비코 자멘호프</a>의 필명인 "D-ro Esperanto(에스페란토 박사)"에서 유래하였다.(Esperanto는 본래 '희망하는 사람'이라는 뜻이다.) 국제적 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EC%82%AC%EC%86%8C%ED%86%B5" title="의사소통">의사소통</a>을 위해, 배우기 쉽고 중립적인 언어를 목표로 하여 만들어졌다. 원래는 국제어(<span lang="eo">Lingvo Internacia</span>)라고 불리었다. </p><p>현재 에스페란토는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%ED%96%89" title="여행">여행</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EC%82%AC%EA%B5%90%ED%99%98" class="mw-redirect" title="의사교환">의사교환</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="문화">문화</a> 교류, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%80" title="편지">편지</a>, 언어교육 등 많은 곳에서 사용되고 있다. 전 세계 200만 명의 사람들이 에스페란토로 대화할 수 있다. 그중에서 약 2,000~3,000명은 에스페란토를 말할 줄 아는 부모 사이에서 에스페란토를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%B4" title="모어">모어</a>로 습득하였다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="특징"><span id=".ED.8A.B9.EC.A7.95"></span>특징</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 특징"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>에스페란토는 말이 서로 다른 민족 간 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EC%82%AC_%EC%86%8C%ED%86%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="의사 소통">의사 소통</a>과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8_%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="상호 이해 (없는 문서)">상호 이해</a>, 나아가서 인류 평화를 위해 만들어진, 중립적이고 배우기 쉬우면서 모든 표현이 가능한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="언어">언어</a>로서, 국제적으로 제 기능을 다할 수 있게끔 고안되었다. </p><p>그러나 '정말 배우기 쉬운가'라는 질문에 대해서 이견이 있다. </p><p>에스페란토를 쓰는 사람을 <b><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0" title="에스페란티스토">에스페란티스토</a></b>라고 한다. 에스페란티스토는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4" title="국제어">국제어</a>를 쓰는 사람들 중 세계적으로 가장 널리 퍼져 있으며 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>에도 에스페란토 협회인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="한국에스페란토협회 (없는 문서)">한국에스페란토협회</a>가 존재한다. 전 세계 에스페란티스토는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%9C" title="라 에스페로">라 에스페로</a>를 언어가(歌)로 사용하고 있으며, 언어기(旗)도 <b>라 에스페로</b>라고 부른다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="에스페란토의 역사">에스페란토의 역사</a>입니다.</div> <p>폴란드의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EA%B3%BC" title="안과">안과</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EC%82%AC" title="의사">의사</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%84%EB%B9%84%EC%BD%94_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%90%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9E%90%EB%A9%98%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84" class="mw-redirect" title="루도비코 라자로 자멘호프">루도비코 라자로 자멘호프</a>는 자신이 살고 있었던 지역의 언어 문제가 곧 주민들 사이에 불화의 요인으로 작용하고 있다는 것을 발견하고, 모든 사람들이 평등하게 사용할 수 있는 언어만 있으면 적어도 그러한 분쟁은 종식될 수 있으리라고 믿어, 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위하여 에스페란토를 창안하게 되었다. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Unua_Libro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Unua_Libro.jpg/150px-Unua_Libro.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Unua_Libro.jpg/225px-Unua_Libro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Unua_Libro.jpg/300px-Unua_Libro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>제1서. 에스페란토로 쓰여진 최초의 책.</figcaption></figure> <p>처음에 자멘호프는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%96%B4" title="라틴어">라틴어</a>의 복구가 언어 문제의 해결책이라고 생각했으나, 실제로 라틴어를 배우면서 많은 어려움을 느꼈다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>를 배우면서 그 문법이 간단하다는 것과 동사의 인칭변화가 필요없다는 것을 깨달았다. 언어를 배우기 위해서 많은 단어를 알아야 한다는 문제점에 대해서는, 길을 걸으며 우연히 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="러시아어">러시아어</a>로 된 두 개의 간판을 보고 해결책을 생각해냈다. 두 개의 간판 <span lang="ru">швейцарская</span>(경비실), <span lang="ru">кондитерская</span>(과자가게)에는 공통적으로 <span lang="ru">рская</span>(장소라는 뜻)라는 접미사가 사용되고 있었다. 그는 하나의 어근만 외우면 접미사를 써서 다양한 단어를 파생해 낼 수 있도록 구상하였다. 어휘는 다양한 언어에서 공통적으로 쓰이는 단어를 채용하기로 하였다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1878%EB%85%84" title="1878년">1878년</a>, 현재 에스페란토의 시험판인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B8%B0_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="초기 에스페란토">링그베 우니베르살라</a>를 만들어 고등학교 동급생에게 가르쳤다. 그 후 6년간, 우선 각 민족어로 된 문학작품과 시를 번역하며, 언어를 발전시켜 갔다. 그는 <a href="/wiki/1895%EB%85%84" title="1895년">1895년</a> 러시아 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0" title="에스페란티스토">에스페란티스토</a> 보로프코(N. Borovko)에게 보낸 편지에서 ‘비록 이 언어는 1878년에 이미 완전히 완성된 듯 했지만, 나는 이 언어가 완벽해지도록 6년을 더 소비하였다.’라고 적었다. 그는 완성된 언어를 발표하려 하였지만, 당시 폴란드를 지배하고 있던 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="러시아 제국">러시아 제국</a> 정부의 검열에 의해 출판하지 못하였다. 그는 그 기간 동안 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD" title="성경">성서</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%85%B0%EC%9D%B5%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="셰익스피어">셰익스피어</a>의 작품을 에스페란토로 번역하고, 언어를 개량하였다. 1887년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%84%9C" title="제1서">제1서</a>로 에스페란토를 최초로 발표하였다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="언어_사용_지역의_지리적_위치와_인구"><span id=".EC.96.B8.EC.96.B4_.EC.82.AC.EC.9A.A9_.EC.A7.80.EC.97.AD.EC.9D.98_.EC.A7.80.EB.A6.AC.EC.A0.81_.EC.9C.84.EC.B9.98.EC.99.80_.EC.9D.B8.EA.B5.AC"></span>언어 사용 지역의 지리적 위치와 인구</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 언어 사용 지역의 지리적 위치와 인구"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="지리학과_인구학"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EB.A6.AC.ED.95.99.EA.B3.BC_.EC.9D.B8.EA.B5.AC.ED.95.99"></span>지리학과 인구학</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 지리학과 인구학"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:PS_mapo_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/PS_mapo_2015.png/220px-PS_mapo_2015.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/PS_mapo_2015.png/330px-PS_mapo_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/PS_mapo_2015.png/440px-PS_mapo_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>전세계의 에스페란티스토 여권 서비스 제공자 분포 (2015년)</figcaption></figure> <p>에스페란토는 전 세계에서 가장 널리 사용되는 인공어이다. 이 언어를 구사하는 사람들은 유럽과 동아시아에 가장 많은데, 특히 도시 지역에 집중되어 있다. 에스페란토는 유럽의 북부와 중부 국가에서 특히 유행한다. 사람들은 자신의 지역에서 에스페란토 클럽을 만든다고 한다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>에서도 많이 사용한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="언어_구사자의_수"><span id=".EC.96.B8.EC.96.B4_.EA.B5.AC.EC.82.AC.EC.9E.90.EC.9D.98_.EC.88.98"></span>언어 구사자의 수</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 언어 구사자의 수"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>에스페란토 구사자들의 수를 예측한 사람은 은퇴한 심리학 교수인 시드니 컬버트(Sidney S. Culbert)이다. 이 교수는 워싱턴 대학에서 활동했으며 오랫동안 에스페란토를 사용했다. 그는 20년이 넘는 기간 동안 수십 개의 국가에서 에스페란토 구사자들에 대해 조사했다. 컬버트는 백만 명에서 이백만 명 사이의 사람들이 에스페란토를 Foreign Service Level 3 수준인, ‘전문적으로 능숙하게’ 구사할 줄 안다는 결론을 내렸다. (Foreign Service Level 3는 Foreign Service Level language ability measures 등급 중 하나로 복잡한 생각들을 망설임 없이 표현할 수 있고 연설과 라디오 방송 등을 이해할 수 있는 수준을 뜻한다.) 연감에서 그는 언어 구사자들의 수를 백만의 자리에서 반올림 하였다. 따라서 에스페란토 구사자들의 수는 이백만 명 정도인 것으로 보인다. 이 최종 수치는 에스놀로그에 언급되어 있는데, 이 수치가 정확하다면, 세계 인구의 0.03 %가 이 언어를 할 수 있는 것이다. 이것이 자멘호프가 꿈꾸던 보편적 언어의 목표는 아니지만, 이는 다른 어떤 인공어도 도달하지 못한 수치로 에스페란토의 유명한 정도를 알 수 있게 해준다. </p><p>핀란드의 언어학자이자 에스페란토의 모어 사용자 전문가인, 유코 린드스테드(Jouko Lindstedt)은 에스페란토 사용 지역의 전체적인 언어 사용 능력 비율을 나타내기 위해 다음과 같은 추정안을 내놓았다. </p> <ul><li>1,000명의 사람들이 에스페란토를 모어로 사용한다.</li> <li>10,000명의 사람들이 에스페란토를 능숙하게 사용한다.</li> <li>100,000명의 사람들이 에스페란토를 활발하게 사용한다.</li> <li>1,000,000명의 사람들이 에스페란토를 상당 부분 소극적으로 이해할 수 있다.</li> <li>10,000,000명의 사람들이 에스페란토를 어느 정도 시간 동안 공부해 보았다.</li></ul> <p>컬버트 박사의 구체적인 샘플 데이터 또는 인구 통계 데이터가 존재하지는 않기 때문에, 언어 구사자의 정확한 수치를 알기는 불가능하다. 2009년도에 루 분시-롤셔븐(Lu Wunsch-Rolshoven)은 헝가리와 리투아니아의 2001년도 인구 통계 데이터를 사용하여 160,000에서 300,000명의 사람들이 이 언어를 능숙하거나 활발하게 사용한다고 추정했다. 그리고 이 중 80,000에서 150,000명은 유럽 연합 국가의 국민들이라고 추정했다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="모국어_사용자"><span id=".EB.AA.A8.EA.B5.AD.EC.96.B4_.EC.82.AC.EC.9A.A9.EC.9E.90"></span>모국어 사용자</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 모국어 사용자"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%9B%90%EC%96%B4%EB%AF%BC" title="에스페란토 원어민">에스페란토 원어민</a>입니다.</div> <p>에스페란토의 모어 사용자인, <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%9B%90%EC%96%B4%EB%AF%BC" title="에스페란토 원어민">에스페란토 원어민</a>(<span lang="eo">denaskuloj</span>)은 에스페란토를 사용하는 부모 밑에서 태어날 때부터 이 언어를 배웠다. 이런 현상은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94_%EA%B0%80%EC%A0%95" title="다문화 가정">다문화 가정</a> 내에서 에스페란토가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="제1언어">제1언어</a> 또는 유일한 공통 언어일 경우에 자주 일어난다. 하지만 가끔 열렬한 에스페란토 사용 가족 내에서 일어나기도 한다. 에스놀로그의 15번째 에디션에서는 1996년도에 200에서 2,000명 사이의 에스페란토 모국어 사용자들이 있다고 하였지만, 이러한 수치들은 16, 17번째 에디션에서 삭제되었다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="언어의_변화"><span id=".EC.96.B8.EC.96.B4.EC.9D.98_.EB.B3.80.ED.99.94"></span>언어의 변화</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 언어의 변화"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EB%8C%80_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="현대 에스페란토 언어변화">현대 에스페란토 언어변화</a>입니다.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1905%EB%85%84" title="1905년">1905년</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스">프랑스</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%A1%9C%EB%89%B4%EC%89%AC%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4" title="불로뉴쉬르메르">불로뉴쉬르메르</a>에서 개최된 제1차 에스페란토 세계 대회에서, 에스페란토 기초의 변경을 제한하는 선언을 채택했다. 선언은 언어의 기초를 자멘호프가 출판한 《에스페란토 기초》(<span lang="eo">Fundamento de Esperanto</span>)에서 변경해서는 안되며, 어떤 사람에게도 기초를 변경할 권리는 없다고 하였다. 이 선언은 언어의 사용자가 새로운 생각을 발표하여도 좋다고는 하지만, 언어 자체는 본래의 형태를 장려하고 있다.</li> <li>하지만 실제로는, 현대 에스페란토가 '에스페란토 기초'와 완전히 동일하다고는 볼 수 없다. 예를 들어 국명을 표시하는 접미사가 -uj-에서 -i-로 바뀌었다. (예를 들어 <span lang="eo">Koreujo→Koreio</span>) 또한 엄밀히 말해 -a로 끝나는 모든 단어는 형용사여야 하므로 유럽에서 사용하는 이름 Maria는 에스페란토 기초에 의하면 Mario가 되어야 하지만, 현대 에스페란토에서는 Maria도 인정하고 있다. 지명이나 인명과 같은 고유명사는 자주 사용되는 것일 경우(뉴욕: <span lang="eo">Novjorko</span>, 서울: <span lang="eo">Seulo</span>, 파리: <span lang="eo">Parizo</span>) 에스페란토화된 단어를 따르나, 최근에는 거의 원래의 지명을 이용하고 있다.</li> <li>또한, 새롭게 여러 가지 외래어가 추가되었다. 이것은 그대로 사용하는 것이 아니라, 되도록 기존의 에스페란토 단어 및 규칙에 맞게 바꾸어 사용하고 있다. 예를 들어 영어 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0" title="컴퓨터">컴퓨터</a>(<span lang="en">computer</span>)는 '계산하다'의 의미를 가진 <span lang="eo">komputi</span>에 도구를 나타내는 접미사 -il-을 사용하여, <span lang="eo">komputilo</span>로 번역하였다. 또한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%A1%9C" title="유로">유로</a>의 경우 유럽의 모든 나라에서 euro로 표기하고 있음에도, 에스페란토에서는 에스페란토 철자법에 맞게 <span lang="eo">eŭro</span>로 사용하고 있다.</li> <li>《에스페란토 기초》 이전의 <span lang="eo">kian, ian, ĉian, tian, nenian</span>이 각각 <span lang="eo">kia, ia, ĉia, tia, nenia</span>의 목적격과 혼동될 수 있어 <span lang="eo">kiam, iam, ĉiam, tiam, neniam</span>으로 바뀌었다.</li> <li>발음하기 어려운 ĥ는 ĉ, k 또는 h로 대체되어 이제 거의 쓰이지 않는다. 지금은 바꾸었을 경우 기존의 다른 어근과 혼동될 수 있는 경우를 제외하고는 보통 바뀐 형태로 사용된다. (<span lang="eo">Ĥinujo → Ĉinio, ĥemio → kemio</span> 등)</li> <li>몇 가지 단어의 형태가 바뀌었다. (<span lang="eo">komisio → komisiono, artikulo → artikolo, riprezenti → reprezenti</span>)</li> <li>지명의 경우 그 지역의 에스페란토 사용자의 희망에 따라 바뀌기도 한다. (<span lang="eo">Hindio</span>보다 <span lang="eo">Barato</span>의 사용 빈도가 높아지고 있음, <span lang="eo">Koreo</span>가 ‘한국’을 의미했는데 이것이 ‘한국인’의 의미로 바뀌고 <span lang="eo">Koreio</span>가 ‘한국’을 의미하게 됨)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="언어학적_특성"><span id=".EC.96.B8.EC.96.B4.ED.95.99.EC.A0.81_.ED.8A.B9.EC.84.B1"></span>언어학적 특성</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 언어학적 특성"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="분류"><span id=".EB.B6.84.EB.A5.98"></span>분류</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 분류"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>에스페란토는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4" title="인공어">인공어</a>이므로, 어떤 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EC%96%B4" title="자연어">자연어</a>와도 친족관계가 없다. 발음체계는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B8%8C%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="슬라브어">슬라브어</a>의 영향을 받았으나, 어휘는 주로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%9D%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="로망스어">로망스어</a>(<a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="프랑스어">프랑스어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%96%B4" title="스페인어">스페인어</a> 등; 약 75%), <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="게르만어">게르만어</a>(<a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="독일어">독일어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a> 등; 약 20%)로부터 채용하였다. <a href="/wiki/L._L._%EC%9E%90%EB%A9%98%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84" title="L. L. 자멘호프">자멘호프</a>가 정의하지 않은 문법상의 언어 사용은 초기 사용자의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%B4" title="모어">모어</a>였던 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="러시아어">러시아어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C%EC%96%B4" title="폴란드어">폴란드어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="독일어">독일어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="프랑스어">프랑스어</a>의 영향을 받았다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%88%9C" title="어순">어순</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%96%B4" title="라틴어">라틴어</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="그리스어">그리스어</a>처럼 비교적 자유로우나 <a href="/wiki/SVO%ED%98%95" title="SVO형">SVO형</a>이 주로 쓰이며, <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%9A%A9%EC%82%AC" title="형용사">형용사</a>가 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EC%82%AC" class="mw-disambig" title="명사">명사</a> 앞에 오는 경우가 많다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%B9%98%EC%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="전치사">전치사</a>를 사용하며, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%B0%A9%EC%96%B4" title="교착어">교착어</a>적 성질도 가지고 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="문법"><span id=".EB.AC.B8.EB.B2.95"></span>문법</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 문법"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95" title="에스페란토 문법">에스페란토 문법</a>입니다.</div> <p>에스페란토는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1_(%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95)" title="성 (문법)">성</a>이 없고, 규칙적으로 동사가 변화하는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%B0%A9%EC%96%B4" title="교착어">교착어</a>이다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EC%82%AC_(%ED%92%88%EC%82%AC)" title="명사 (품사)">명사</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%9A%A9%EC%82%AC" title="형용사">형용사</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B2%A9" title="주격">주격</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EA%B2%A9" title="대격">대격</a>, 즉 2개의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%A9" title="격">격</a>을 가진다. 수는 단수와 복수가 있고, 형용사의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%88%98%ED%98%95" class="mw-redirect" title="복수형">복수형</a>이 존재한다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%82%AC_(%ED%92%88%EC%82%AC)" title="동사 (품사)">동사</a>의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%EC%B9%AD%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인칭변화 (없는 문서)">인칭변화</a>는 없고, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EA%B2%A9" title="대격">대격</a>어미(-n)는 이동을 나타내거나, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%B9%98%EC%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="전치사">전치사</a>를 대신하기도 한다. 대격이 있으므로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="러시아어">러시아어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="그리스어">그리스어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%96%B4" title="라틴어">라틴어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4" title="일본어">일본어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="한국어">한국어</a>와 같이 비교적 어순이 자유로운 편에 속한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="어원"><span id=".EC.96.B4.EC.9B.90"></span>어원</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 어원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%96%B4%EC%9B%90" title="에스페란토 어원">에스페란토 어원</a>입니다.</div> <p>에스페란토의 어휘는 대부분 유럽 언어에서 왔지만, 최근에 생긴 어휘는 비유럽어권에서 온 경우도 있다. 가장 주요한 어원은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%96%B4" title="라틴어">라틴어</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%96%B4" title="스페인어">스페인어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="프랑스어">프랑스어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="독일어">독일어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a> 등이다. 다국어주의에 의해 대부분의 어휘는 서로 유사한 다양한 언어의 공통적인 부분에서 가져왔다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="글자"><span id=".EA.B8.80.EC.9E.90"></span>글자</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 글자"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EA%B8%80%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="에스페란토 글자">에스페란토 글자</a>입니다.</div> <p>에스페란토는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90" title="로마자">로마자</a>에 <span lang="eo"><a href="/wiki/%C4%88" title="Ĉ">ĉ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%9C" title="Ĝ">ĝ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A4" title="Ĥ">ĥ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B4" title="Ĵ">ĵ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9C" title="Ŝ">ŝ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%AC" title="Ŭ">ŭ</a></span> 6글자를 더하고 <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a>, <a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a>, <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a> 4글자를 뺀 28글자를 쓴다. </p> <dl><dd><span lang="eo">a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h ĥ i j ĵ k l m n o p r s ŝ t u ŭ v z</span></dd> <dd></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="글자와_말소리"><span id=".EA.B8.80.EC.9E.90.EC.99.80_.EB.A7.90.EC.86.8C.EB.A6.AC"></span>글자와 말소리</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 글자와 말소리"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table id="AutoNumber1" class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Aa</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Bb</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Cc</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ĉĉ</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Dd</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ee</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ff </span></span></span></span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50"><span>[a]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[b]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[t͡s]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[t͡ʃ]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[d]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[e]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[f]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Gg</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ĝĝ</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Hh</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ĥĥ</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ii</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Jj</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ĵĵ</span></span></span></span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[ɡ]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[d͡ʒ]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[h]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[x]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[i]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[j, i̯]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[ʒ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Kk </span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ll</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Mm</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Nn</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Oo</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Pp</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Rr </span></span></span></span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50"><span>[k]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[l]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[m]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[n]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[o]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[p]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[r]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ss</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ŝŝ</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Tt</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Uu</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Ŭŭ</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Vv</span></span></span></span></b> </td> <td width="50"><b><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><span lang="eo">Zz</span></span></span></span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50"><span>[s]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[ʃ]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[t]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[u]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[u̯]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[v]</span> </td> <td width="50"><span>[z]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Cc, Ĉĉ, Gg, Ĝĝ, Ĥĥ, Ĵĵ, Ŝŝ, Ŭŭ를 제외한 모든 글자는 <a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-disambig" title="IPA">IPA</a>표기와 일치한다.</li> <li>에스페란토는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="한국어">한국어</a>와 달리 유기음(예: ㅋ) / 무기음(예: ㄱ) 구분이 없고, 무성음 / 유성음 구분이 있다.</li></ul> <table border="0" align="center" class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50">무성음 </th> <td width="50">p <span>[p]</span> </td> <td width="50">t <span>[t]</span> </td> <td width="50">k <span>[k]</span> </td> <td width="50">f <span>[f]</span> </td> <td width="50">s <span>[s]</span> </td> <td width="50">ŝ <span>[ʃ]</span> </td> <td width="50">ĉ <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[t͡ʃ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="50">유성음 </th> <td width="50">b <span>[b]</span> </td> <td width="50">d <span>[d]</span> </td> <td width="50">g <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[ɡ]</span> </td> <td width="50">v <span>[v]</span> </td> <td width="50">z <span>[z]</span> </td> <td width="50">ĵ <span>[ʒ]</span> </td> <td width="50">ĝ <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">[d͡ʒ]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="윗부호"><span id=".EC.9C.97.EB.B6.80.ED.98.B8"></span>윗부호</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 윗부호"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>여섯 글자 <span lang="eo">ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, ŭ</span>에는 <b>윗부호</b>(<span lang="eo">Supersigno</span>)라고 부르는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%9D%8C_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B3%84_%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8" title="발음 구별 기호">발음 구별 기호</a>인 다른소리부호(^)와 짧은소리부호(˘)가 있다. 윗부호를 쓸 수 없을 때 바꾸어 쓰는 방식은 '에스페란토 기초'에서 제시한 H-체계와 현재 주로 쓰이는 X-체계가 있다. </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" border="1" width="300"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td></td> <td>ĉ</td> <td>ĝ</td> <td>ĥ</td> <td>ĵ</td> <td>ŝ</td> <td>ŭ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>H-체계</td> <td>ch</td> <td>gh</td> <td>hh</td> <td>jh</td> <td>sh</td> <td>u </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>X-체계</td> <td>cx</td> <td>gx</td> <td>hx</td> <td>jx</td> <td>sx</td> <td>ux </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="예시"><span id=".EC.98.88.EC.8B.9C"></span>예시</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=15" title="부분 편집: 예시"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="rquote floatright" role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; float:right; margin:0.5em 0.75em; width:33%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3.3em; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; padding:4px 2px 2px; width:0.5em; line-height: 1em;">“ </td> <td style="padding:0 10px;"> <p><span lang="eo">Patro nia, kiu estas en la ĉielo,<br /> sanktigata estu via nomo.<br /> Venu via regno, <br /> fariĝu via volo, kiel en la ĉielo, tiel ankaŭ sur la tero.<br /> Nian panon ĉiutagan donu al ni hodiaŭ.<br /> Kaj pardonu al ni niajn ŝuldojn,<br /> kiel ankaŭ ni pardonas al niaj ŝuldantoj.<br /> Kaj ne konduku nin en tenton,<br /> sed liberigu nin de la malbono.<br /> (ĉar via estas la regno kaj la potenco<br /> kaj la gloro eterne.) Amen.</span> </p> </td> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3.3em; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; padding:4px 2px 2px; text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom; width:0.5em; line-height: 1em;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td class="rquotecite" colspan="3" style="padding-top:10px;"><cite><div style="font-size:smaller; line-height:1em; text-align:right">— <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%84%EB%AC%B8" title="주기도문">주기도문</a></div></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span lang="eo">Saluton!</span> <small>살루톤</small> <span style="color:gray;"><small>→안녕하세요!</small></span></li> <li><span lang="eo">Ĝis revido/Ĝis</span> <small>지스 레비도/지스</small> <span style="color:gray;"><small>→다시 만나요</small></span></li> <li><span lang="eo">Adiaŭ!</span> <small>아디아우!</small> <span style="color:gray;"><small>→안녕히 가세요</small></span></li> <li><span lang="eo">Jes</span> <small>예스</small> <span style="color:gray;"><small>→네</small></span></li> <li><span lang="eo">Ne</span> <small>네</small> <span style="color:gray;"><small>→아니요</small></span></li> <li><span lang="eo">Dankon</span> <small>단콘</small> <span style="color:gray;"><small>→감사합니다</small></span></li> <li><span lang="eo">Mi tre ĝojas renkonti vin.</span> <small>미 트레 조야스 렌콘티 빈.</small> <span style="color:gray;"><small>→만나서 반가워요.</small></span></li> <li><span lang="eo">Ĉu vi fartas bone ?</span> <small>추 비 파르타스 보네 ?</small> <span style="color:gray;"><small>→잘 지내십니까 ?</small></span></li> <li><span lang="eo">Mi estas koreo.</span> <small>미 에스타스 코레오.</small> <span style="color:gray;"><small>→저는 한국 사람입니다.</small></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="비판과_개선안"><span id=".EB.B9.84.ED.8C.90.EA.B3.BC_.EA.B0.9C.EC.84.A0.EC.95.88"></span>비판과 개선안</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=16" title="부분 편집: 비판과 개선안"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="에스페란티도"><span id=".EC.97.90.EC.8A.A4.ED.8E.98.EB.9E.80.ED.8B.B0.EB.8F.84"></span>에스페란티도</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=17" title="부분 편집: 에스페란티도"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%8B%B0%EB%8F%84" title="에스페란티도">에스페란티도</a>입니다.</div> <p>에스페란토가 발표된 이후, 수십 가지의 개선안과 에스페란토에서 파생된 인공어가 만들어졌다. 이를 <b><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%8B%B0%EB%8F%84" title="에스페란티도">에스페란티도</a></b>라고 한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="성_차별_문제"><span id=".EC.84.B1_.EC.B0.A8.EB.B3.84_.EB.AC.B8.EC.A0.9C"></span>성 차별 문제</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=18" title="부분 편집: 성 차별 문제"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>에스페란토에서 기본적인 단어는 남성으로 규정하고 있다. 여성의 경우 접미사 -in-를 붙여 나타낸다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 즉, 남성의 경우에는 그냥 나타내고, 여성일 경우에는 접미사 -in-을 사용하여 특별히 강조하여 나타내고 있다. 이는 에스페란토가 발표된 <a href="/wiki/1887%EB%85%84" title="1887년">1887년</a> 당시 시대적 배경에서 유래한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%84%B1%EC%9A%B0%EC%9B%94%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="남성우월주의">남성우월주의</a>이며, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="에스페란토 주의 (없는 문서)">에스페란토 주의</a>에서 강조하는 사상 중 하나인 '평등'에 위배된다는 주장이 있다. </p><p>최근에는 가족에 관한 단어를 제외하고는 기본적인 단어는 성을 나타내지 않고, 남성을 나타낼 때는 vir-를 붙이는게 일반적이다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 또한 일부 에스페란티스토는 남성을 나타내는 접미사 <span lang="eo">-iĉ-</span>를 추가할 것을 요구하는데 이를 '<span lang="eo">iĉismo</span> <small>이치스모</small>'라 한다. </p><p>참고로, 에스페란토의 성과 관련한 문제로, 성을 나타내지 않는 대명사 'ri'를 추가하여, 일반적인 상황에서 'ri'의 사용을 주장하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%AA%A8" title="리이스모">리이스모</a>(riismo)도 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="에스페란토는_유럽인에게만_유리한_언어인가?"><span id=".EC.97.90.EC.8A.A4.ED.8E.98.EB.9E.80.ED.86.A0.EB.8A.94_.EC.9C.A0.EB.9F.BD.EC.9D.B8.EC.97.90.EA.B2.8C.EB.A7.8C_.EC.9C.A0.EB.A6.AC.ED.95.9C_.EC.96.B8.EC.96.B4.EC.9D.B8.EA.B0.80.3F"></span>에스페란토는 유럽인에게만 유리한 언어인가?</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=19" title="부분 편집: 에스페란토는 유럽인에게만 유리한 언어인가?"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>에스페란토를 배우기 쉽다는 것은 실험 결과를 통해 알 수 있다. 에스페란토를 배우는 데 유럽과 미국의 아이들은 매 주 2시간씩 1년이, 또 동아시아의 아이들은 매 주 2시간씩 2년이 걸린다. 반면 동아시아의 아이들이 다른 유럽어를 배우려면 매 주 4~5시간씩 6년을 공부해야 한다.</p><div class="templatequotecite"><cite>— <a href="/wiki/1992%EB%85%84" title="1992년">1992년</a> <a href="/wiki/9%EC%9B%94" title="9월">9월</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%84%A4%EB%B0%94" title="제네바">제네바</a>에서 열린 국제 연맹 총회에서 제출된 보고<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </blockquote> <p>이는 에스페란토는 다른 언어에 비해 학습을 위해 1/10가량 시간이 적게 걸린다는 장점을 말하기도 하지만, 유럽인들에 비해 동아시아에서 생활하는 사람들이 에스페란토를 배우기 힘들다는 단점을 말하기도 한다. 이는 에스페란토의 대부분의 어휘가 유럽에서 기원하였으므로 그 언어와 관계없는 언어의 사용자는 에스페란토 어휘의 의미와 정확한 쓰임을 외우는 데 시간이 더 걸린다고 볼 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="대격"><span id=".EB.8C.80.EA.B2.A9"></span>대격</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=20" title="부분 편집: 대격"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>에스페란토는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EA%B2%A9" title="대격">대격</a>(또는 목적격)을 나타내기 위해 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%AF%B8" title="어미">어미</a> <b>-n</b>을 사용하고 있다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="한국어">한국어</a>의 경우 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EA%B2%A9" title="대격">대격</a>(또는 목적격) <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC_(%ED%92%88%EC%82%AC)" title="조사 (품사)">조사</a> '-을/를'을 사용하여, 겉으로 드러내고 있다. 대격의 존재로 인해 에스페란토의 어순이 더 자유로워지고, 의미가 분명히 전달되는 등의 장점이 있다. 하지만 많은 유럽어의 경우 이를 구분하지 않고 사용하고 있으며, 따라서 유럽인들이 <b>-n</b>의 사용법을 배우는 데 상대적으로 어려움을 겪는다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="동의어"><span id=".EB.8F.99.EC.9D.98.EC.96.B4"></span>동의어</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=21" title="부분 편집: 동의어"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>에스페란토는 외래어를 받아들이는 데 일정한 규칙이 없으며, 필요에 의해 누군가가 만든 단어가 일정 수준 이상 널리 알려지면, 그런 새로운 단어를 모아서 발표하는, 소극적 방식으로 어휘를 늘려가고 있다. 이런 방식으로 인해 같은 뜻을 가진 두 단어 이상이 널리 사용할 경우, 동일하게 쓰이는 단어임에도 배우는 이의 입장에서는 둘다 외우는 수밖에 없다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="유럽">유럽</a> 사용자의 경우, 유럽에서 공통적으로 사용하는 단어를 에스페란토화하는 것을, 비유럽권에서는 기존 단어를 사용하여 합성어를 만드는 것을 선호하는 편이기 때문에 같은 뜻을 가진 단어가 두개 이상 동시에 쓰이는 경우가 있다. 합성어의 경우에도 사람마다 합성어를 만드는 방법이 다르기 때문에 같은 뜻을 가진 여러 개의 합성어가 함께 쓰이는 경우가 있다. </p> <ul><li>futur-o, est-ont-o 미래</li> <li>pas-int-ec-o, est-int-o 과거</li></ul> <p>또한, 원래 하나였던 단어가 여러 개로 분화하는 경우도 있다. </p> <ul><li>-uj-(국가를 나타내는 접미사) → -i-(단일민족국가), -land-(국명이 land로 끝나는 국가), (다민족국가에는 붙이지 않는다)</li></ul> <p>이처럼 에스페란토에는 자연어만큼은 아니나 동의어가 많으며, 에스페란토 학회가 동의어 정리에 적극적이지 않기 때문에, 학습자가 동의어를 모두 외워야 하는 부담이 따른다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="발음"><span id=".EB.B0.9C.EC.9D.8C"></span>발음</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=22" title="부분 편집: 발음"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>학습자의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%B4" title="모어">모어</a>에 따라 일부 발음을 구분하는 데 어려움이 올 수 있다. </p> <ul><li><b>c</b>를 ĉ또는 s로 혼동하기 쉽다. 특히 한국어 화자는 c를 ĉ로 발음하는 경향이 있다. <ul><li><b>c</b>는 굳이 유럽 언어를 몰라도 <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="표준중국어">표준중국어</a>를 아는 사람이라면 이 발음이 익숙할 것이다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C" title="한어병음">한어병음</a> "C"가 이 발음과 비슷하다.</li></ul></li> <li><b>ĵ</b>와 <b>ĝ</b>를 구분하지 않는 언어가 많다.</li> <li>ŝ, ĵ, ĉ, ĝ 발음.</li> <li><b>ĥ</b>를 발음하지 못하는 화자가 많기 때문에, 해당 글자가 k나 h로 바뀌면서 점차 소멸해 가고 있다.</li></ul> <p>한국어 화자가 자주 하는 실수는 다음과 같다. </p> <ul><li>유성음을 무성음으로 발음한다.</li> <li><b>ĵ</b>, <b>ĝ</b>, <b>z</b>를 모두 <b>ĝ</b>로 발음한다.</li> <li><b>f</b>를 <b>p</b>로, <b>v</b>를 <b>b</b>로 발음한다.</li> <li><b>r</b>과 <b>l</b>을 혼동해서 발음한다.</li> <li><b>c</b>를 <b>ĉ</b>로 발음한다.</li> <li>모음 앞에 j를 넣어 발음하는 경향이 있다.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=23" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="한국에스페란토협회 (없는 문서)">한국에스페란토협회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0" title="에스페란티스토">에스페란티스토</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%82%AC" title="조선에스페란토문화사">조선에스페란토문화사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%90%EB%A1%9C_%EB%A3%A8%EB%93%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%BD%94_%EC%9E%90%EB%A9%98%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84" class="mw-redirect" title="라자로 루드비코 자멘호프">라자로 루드비코 자멘호프</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%84%9C" title="제1서">제1서</a>(Unua Libro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%84_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4)" title="이도 (언어)">이도</a>(Ido) - 에스페란토에서 파생된 인공어</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88%EC%84%AC_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="로즈섬 공화국">로즈섬 공화국</a> - 에스페란토를 공용어로 사용했던 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98" title="마이크로네이션">마이크로네이션</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" class="extiw" title="b:에스페란토">위키책:에스페란토</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EB%8C%80%ED%9A%8C" title="세계 에스페란토 대회">세계 에스페란토 대회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="발리리아어">발리리아어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%93%80%EC%98%A4%EB%A7%81%EA%B3%A0" title="듀오링고">듀오링고</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=24" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">예: patro(아버지), patrino(어머니)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">예: kato(고양이), virkato(숫고양이), katino(암고양이)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928201452/http://mobigen.com/~hiongun/LA/ezboard/ezboard.cgi?db=LA200507&action=read&page=1&num=5&dbf=200507060003&depth=0">“에스페란토에 대한 비판과 응답(나성권 신부)”</a>. 2007년 9월 28일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobigen.com/~hiongun/LA/ezboard/ezboard.cgi?db=LA200507&action=read&page=1&num=5&dbf=200507060003&depth=0">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2006년 9월 11일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0%EC%97%90+%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C+%EB%B9%84%ED%8C%90%EA%B3%BC+%EC%9D%91%EB%8B%B5%28%EB%82%98%EC%84%B1%EA%B6%8C+%EC%8B%A0%EB%B6%80%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobigen.com%2F~hiongun%2FLA%2Fezboard%2Fezboard.cgi%3Fdb%3DLA200507%26action%3Dread%26page%3D1%26num%3D5%26dbf%3D200507060003%26depth%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#어원">어원</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%88" class="mw-redirect" title="에스페란토 기초">에스페란토 기초</a> 참조.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0&action=edit&section=25" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="eo:">에스페란토 위키백과</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480479"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480595"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto?uselang=ko">에스페란토</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><b><span style="color: #555; font-size: smaller;" title="언어: 에스페란토">(에스페란토)</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uea.org/">세계 에스페란토 협회 (UEA: Universala Esperanto-Asocio)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esperanto.or.kr">한국 에스페란토 협회 (KEA: Korea Esperanto-Asocio)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esperanto.or.kr/vortaro/ex/">에스페란토-한국어 사전</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ko-eo.blogspot.com">에스페란토 학습 길잡이</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kursosaluton.org">Saluton! Esperanto aŭtodidakte</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36429174">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="인공어" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311309"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4" title="틀:인공어"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:인공어 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4" title="특수:문서편집/틀:인공어"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="인공어" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4" title="인공어">인공어</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4" title="국제어">국제어</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%B9%B4%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%94" title="링구아프랑카노바">링구아프랑카노바</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EB%9D%BC%ED%93%8C%ED%81%AC" title="볼라퓌크">볼라퓌크</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">에스페란토</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%84_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4)" title="이도 (언어)">이도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%84" title="인테르링구아">인테르링구아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%97%90" title="인테르링구에">인테르링구에</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%8C" title="노비알">노비알</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%8B%88%EC%89%AC" title="우니쉬">우니쉬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%83%80%EB%B0%94" title="코타바">코타바</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3CL" title="3CL">3CL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%96%B4_74%C2%B707" title="세계어 74·07">세계어 74·07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%96%B4" title="지구어">지구어</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EC%97%AD%EC%96%B4" title="권역어">권역어</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%85" title="인터슬라빅">인터슬라빅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%98%A4" title="슬로비오">슬로비오</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%90%EB%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아프리힐리 (없는 문서)">아프리힐리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%88%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BD" title="폴크슈프락">폴크슈프락</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">합리어, 철학어</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B3%89%EB%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쳉리 (없는 문서)">쳉리</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%93%B0%ED%80%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이쓰퀼 (없는 문서)">이쓰퀼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%80" title="로글란">로글란</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%98" title="로지반">로지반</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A1%9C_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="로 (언어) (없는 문서)">로</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B3%B4%EB%82%98" title="도기 보나">도기 보나</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%95%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%AC%B4" title="보아보무">보아보무</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EC%96%B4" title="예술어">예술어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EA%B0%80%EA%B3%B5%EC%9D%98_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="분류:가공의 언어">가상어</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%96%B4_(1984)" title="신어 (1984)">신어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%A7%81%EC%98%A8%EC%96%B4" title="클링온어">클링온어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B4%EB%8D%B0%EB%95%85%EC%9D%98_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="분류:가운데땅의 언어">J. R. R. 톨킨의 인공어</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%BF%B0%EB%83%90" title="꿰냐">꿰냐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%8B%A4%EB%A6%B0" title="신다린">신다린</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%B6%80%EC%96%B4" title="서부어">서부어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%91%90%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B5" title="아두나익">아두나익</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A1%A0" title="바론">바론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%B9%84%EC%96%B4" title="나비어">나비어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%91%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="베르두리아어">베르두리아어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%AC%EC%B9%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="스포칸스">스포칸스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%81%EB%8F%84_%EC%9E%91%ED%92%88_%EC%86%8D%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4" title="이영도 작품 속의 인공어">이영도 작품 속의 인공어</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%B2%B4_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="대체 역사">대체 역사</a> 인공어</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC_%EB%B2%A0%ED%8B%B0%EC%82%AC%EB%93%9C" title="일 베티사드">일 베티사드</a>의 인공어 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%ED%84%B0%EB%8B%88%EA%B7%B8" title="브리터니그">브리터니그</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%84%A4%EB%94%95" title="베네딕">베네딕</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">순수주의 인공어</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%B5%EA%B8%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%8B%9C" title="앵글리시">앵글리시</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C%EC%96%B4" title="하이 아이슬란드어">하이 아이슬란드어</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">신비어</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%9D%B4%EA%B7%B8%EB%85%B8%ED%83%80" title="링구아 이그노타">링구아 이그노타</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%A8%EB%A0%8C" title="발레이벨렌">발레이벨렌</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="인공 문자">인공 문자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%A1%EA%B3%BC%EB%A5%B4" title="텡과르">텡과르</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">그 밖의 인공어</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%94%EB%A0%88%EC%86%94" title="솔레솔">솔레솔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%88%EB%A1%9C%EC%82%AC%EC%96%B4" title="탈로사어">탈로사어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%95%84%EB%8B%A8" title="라아단">라아단</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">관련 항목</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4_%EC%B0%BD%EC%9E%91%EC%9E%90" title="언어 창작자">언어 창작자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%B0%BD%EC%9E%91%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98" title="언어창작회의">언어창작회의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%ED%9C%98%EC%9E%AC%EA%B5%AC%ED%99%94" title="어휘재구화">어휘재구화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%91_%EB%A7%A4%EB%89%B4%EC%96%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="인공어 제작 매뉴얼">인공어 제작 매뉴얼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941391w">프랑스</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941391w">BnF 데이터</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4015543-2">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553176405171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85044883">미국</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562049">일본</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="esperanto"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114485&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=18022">현대 우크라이나 백과사전</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/024597">스위스 역사 사전</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=에스페란토&oldid=38104437">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=에스페란토&oldid=38104437</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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