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The questionnaire is attached as an Appendix to this paper. The questions asked were designed to provide information about the extent of the dependence of households on state forests for their livelihood (cash income and subsistence needs), any differences in the degree of their forest dependence according to gender, threats to the sustainability of forest resources, the expected sustainability of the income of villagers from forest resources, as well as to provide data about forest management practices, such as a joint forest management. The latter involves cooperation between villagers and the West Bengal Forest Department. The villagers undertake to protect trees in their nearby state forest from pilfering in return for a quarter of the net income from sales of commercial timber by the Forest Department. An overview and assessment and general results of the surveys can be found in Clem Tisdell, Kartik Roy and Ananda Ghose, “Villagers and the Use of Conservation of Indian Forests: The Role of Joint Forest Management”, Social Economics, Policy and Development, Working Paper No.17, June 2001. The purpose of this present paper is to provide more detailed data summaries. The data are provided firstly for the three villages combined then for each individual village (Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura). All the villagers surveyed belonged to the Santal scheduled tribe. These three villages are located in the north Midnapore region north of Salbani, with Chandrakona Road being the nearest township. The general location of the survey area is indicated in Figure 1.1. The total sample consisted of 96 household heads, representing virtually all families in the villages of Atabanda (32 household heads). Barabugpichla (29) and Chandmura (35). The particular location of these villages is shown in Figure 1.2. Of these villages, Chandmura was most closely associated with the Arabari forest that, as mentioned earlier, was the scene of the earliest experiments with joint forest management in India.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Clement Tisdell"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-06-27","dateModified":null,"datePublished":null,"headline":"Summaries of Survey Responses of Household Heads in Three Forest Villages in the Midnapore District of West Bengal, India: Use of Forest Resources by Villagers, Forest Sustainability and Management (SOCIAL ECONOMICS, POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT WP 22)","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Forestry","Rural Entrepreneurship","Forest Resources","Sustainable forestry management","India","Community Forestry","West Bengal","Forestry and Natural Resources Management","Midnapore,west bengal","Female Headed Household","Forest Sustainability"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/26554935/Summaries_of_Survey_Responses_of_Household_Heads_in_Three_Forest_Villages_in_the_Midnapore_District_of_West_Bengal_India_Use_of_Forest_Resources_by_Villagers_Forest_Sustainability_and_Management_SOCIAL_ECONOMICS_POLICY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_WP_22_","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"uq"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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The questionnaire is attached as an Appendix to this paper. The questions asked were designed to provide information about the extent of the dependence of households on state forests for their livelihood (cash income and subsistence needs), any differences in the degree of their forest dependence according to gender, threats to the sustainability of forest resources, the expected sustainability of the income of villagers from forest resources, as well as to provide data about forest management practices, such as a joint forest management. The latter involves cooperation between villagers and the West Bengal Forest Department. The villagers undertake to protect trees in their nearby state forest from pilfering in return for a quarter of the net income from sales of commercial timber by the Forest Department.\n\nAn overview and assessment and general results of the surveys can be found in Clem Tisdell, Kartik Roy and Ananda Ghose, “Villagers and the Use of Conservation of Indian Forests: The Role of Joint Forest Management”, Social Economics, Policy and Development, Working Paper No.17, June 2001. The purpose of this present paper is to provide more detailed data summaries. The data are provided firstly for the three villages combined then for each individual village (Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura). All the villagers surveyed belonged to the Santal scheduled tribe.\n\nThese three villages are located in the north Midnapore region north of Salbani, with Chandrakona Road being the nearest township. The general location of the survey area is indicated in Figure 1.1. The total sample consisted of 96 household heads, representing virtually all families in the villages of Atabanda (32 household heads). Barabugpichla (29) and Chandmura (35). The particular location of these villages is shown in Figure 1.2. Of these villages, Chandmura was most closely associated with the Arabari forest that, as mentioned earlier, was the scene of the earliest experiments with joint forest management in India.\n\n"},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Summaries of Survey Responses of Household Heads in Three Forest Villages in the Midnapore District of West Bengal, India: Use of Forest Resources by Villagers, Forest Sustainability and Management (SOCIAL ECONOMICS, POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT WP 22)","broadcastable":true,"draft":true,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [34272858]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":46848266,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Summaries of Survey Responses of Household Heads in Three Forest Villages in the Midnapore District of West Bengal, India: Use of Forest Resources by Villagers, Forest Sustainability and Management (SOCIAL ECONOMICS, POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT WP 22)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/46848266/mini_magick20190208-6171-y0o5se.png?1549664922" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Summaries of Survey Responses of Household Heads in Three Forest Villages in the Midnapore District of West Bengal, India: Use of Forest Resources by Villagers, Forest Sustainability and Management (SOCIAL ECONOMICS, POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT WP 22)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34272858" href="https://uq.academia.edu/ClementTisdell"><img alt="Profile image of Clement Tisdell" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/34272858/10562079/11788036/s65_clement.tisdell.jpg" />Clement Tisdell</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In 2000, household heads of three villages located in or near forests in the south of West Bengal, India, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire1. The questionnaire is attached as an Appendix to this paper. The questions asked were designed to provide information about the extent of the dependence of households on state forests for their livelihood (cash income and subsistence needs), any differences in the degree of their forest dependence according to gender, threats to the sustainability of forest resources, the expected sustainability of the income of villagers from forest resources, as well as to provide data about forest management practices, such as a joint forest management. The latter involves cooperation between villagers and the West Bengal Forest Department. The villagers undertake to protect trees in their nearby state forest from pilfering in return for a quarter of the net income from sales of commercial timber by the Forest Department. An overview and assessment and general results of the surveys can be found in Clem Tisdell, Kartik Roy and Ananda Ghose, “Villagers and the Use of Conservation of Indian Forests: The Role of Joint Forest Management”, Social Economics, Policy and Development, Working Paper No.17, June 2001. The purpose of this present paper is to provide more detailed data summaries. The data are provided firstly for the three villages combined then for each individual village (Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura). All the villagers surveyed belonged to the Santal scheduled tribe. These three villages are located in the north Midnapore region north of Salbani, with Chandrakona Road being the nearest township. The general location of the survey area is indicated in Figure 1.1. The total sample consisted of 96 household heads, representing virtually all families in the villages of Atabanda (32 household heads). Barabugpichla (29) and Chandmura (35). The particular location of these villages is shown in Figure 1.2. Of these villages, Chandmura was most closely associated with the Arabari forest that, as mentioned earlier, was the scene of the earliest experiments with joint forest management in India. </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":46848266,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/26554935/Summaries_of_Survey_Responses_of_Household_Heads_in_Three_Forest_Villages_in_the_Midnapore_District_of_West_Bengal_India_Use_of_Forest_Resources_by_Villagers_Forest_Sustainability_and_Management_SOCIAL_ECONOMICS_POLICY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_WP_22_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":46848266,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/26554935/Summaries_of_Survey_Responses_of_Household_Heads_in_Three_Forest_Villages_in_the_Midnapore_District_of_West_Bengal_India_Use_of_Forest_Resources_by_Villagers_Forest_Sustainability_and_Management_SOCIAL_ECONOMICS_POLICY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_WP_22_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="46848266" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/26554935/Summaries_of_Survey_Responses_of_Household_Heads_in_Three_Forest_Villages_in_the_Midnapore_District_of_West_Bengal_India_Use_of_Forest_Resources_by_Villagers_Forest_Sustainability_and_Management_SOCIAL_ECONOMICS_POLICY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_WP_22_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="86869906" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86869906/Summaries_of_Survey_Responses_of_Household_Heads_in_Three_Forest_Villages_in_the_Midnapore_District_of_West_Bengal_India_Use_of_Forest_Resources_by_Villagers_Forest_Sustainability_and_Managment">Summaries of Survey Responses of Household Heads in Three Forest Villages in the Midnapore District of West Bengal, India: Use of Forest Resources by Villagers, Forest Sustainability and Managment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29875035" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoyKartik">Kartik Roy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In 2000, household heads of three villages located in or near forests in the south of West Bengal, India, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire1. The questionnaire is attached as an Appendix to this paper. The questions asked were designed to provide information about the extent of the dependence of households on state forests for their livelihood (cash income and subsistence needs), any differences in the degree of their forest dependence according to gender, threats to the sustainability of forest resources, the expected sustainability of the income of villagers from forest resources, as well as to provide data about forest management practices, such as a joint forest management. The latter involves cooperation between villagers and the West Bengal Forest Department. The villagers undertake to protect trees in their nearby state forest from pilfering in return for a quarter of the net income from sales of commercial timber by the Forest Department. An overview and asse...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Summaries of Survey Responses of Household Heads in Three Forest Villages in the Midnapore District of West Bengal, India: Use of Forest Resources by Villagers, Forest Sustainability and Managment","attachmentId":91228387,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86869906/Summaries_of_Survey_Responses_of_Household_Heads_in_Three_Forest_Villages_in_the_Midnapore_District_of_West_Bengal_India_Use_of_Forest_Resources_by_Villagers_Forest_Sustainability_and_Managment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86869906/Summaries_of_Survey_Responses_of_Household_Heads_in_Three_Forest_Villages_in_the_Midnapore_District_of_West_Bengal_India_Use_of_Forest_Resources_by_Villagers_Forest_Sustainability_and_Managment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="26554046" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26554046/Villagers_and_the_Use_and_Conservation_of_Indian_Forests_The_Role_of_Joint_Forest_Management_SOCIAL_ECONOMICS_POLICY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_WP_17_">Villagers and the Use and Conservation of Indian Forests: The Role of Joint Forest Management (SOCIAL ECONOMICS, POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT WP 17)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34272858" href="https://uq.academia.edu/ClementTisdell">Clement Tisdell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Provides a brief account of the development of the Joint Forest Management Scheme in India, especially in West Bengal, the state where joint forest management has been most widely adopted and which provided the genesis of the scheme that was adopted as part of India’s Forest Policy 1988. 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While it is preferable to open-access, the system in India is as yet deficient in terms of communal and social management.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Villagers and the Use and Conservation of Indian Forests: The Role of Joint Forest Management (SOCIAL ECONOMICS, POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT WP 17)","attachmentId":46847518,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26554046/Villagers_and_the_Use_and_Conservation_of_Indian_Forests_The_Role_of_Joint_Forest_Management_SOCIAL_ECONOMICS_POLICY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_WP_17_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26554046/Villagers_and_the_Use_and_Conservation_of_Indian_Forests_The_Role_of_Joint_Forest_Management_SOCIAL_ECONOMICS_POLICY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_WP_17_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="96785581" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96785581/Villagers_and_the_Use_and_Conservation_of_Indian_Forests_The_Role_of_Joint_Forest_Management">Villagers and the Use and Conservation of Indian Forests: The Role of Joint Forest Management</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29875035" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoyKartik">Kartik Roy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Provides a brief account of the development of the Joint Forest Management Scheme in India, especially in West Bengal, the state where joint forest management has been most widely adopted and which provided the genesis of the scheme that was adopted as part of India&#39;s Forest Policy 1988. The development, nature of and rationale for the scheme are discussed. Results to a survey of household heads in villages in the neighbourhood of state forests in the Midnapore region of West Bengal are reported. The survey provides information about the dependence of villagers on forest resources, the sustainability of current forest use as perceived by villagers, and reports their views about forest management issues, including the Joint Forest Management Scheme. The concerns of villagers about joint forest management are identified and analysed. It is suggested that some writers have been too ready to promote the sustainability and social welfare benefits of joint forest management as now pra...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Villagers and the Use and Conservation of Indian Forests: The Role of Joint Forest Management","attachmentId":98587019,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96785581/Villagers_and_the_Use_and_Conservation_of_Indian_Forests_The_Role_of_Joint_Forest_Management","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96785581/Villagers_and_the_Use_and_Conservation_of_Indian_Forests_The_Role_of_Joint_Forest_Management"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="15104844" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15104844/Role_of_Non_Timber_Forest_Produce_in_Village_Economies_in_South_West_Bengal_India">Role of Non-Timber Forest Produce in Village Economies in South West Bengal, India.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="285238" href="https://isical.academia.edu/vasuluTS">vasulu TS</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1377317" href="https://cintdis.academia.edu/DebalDeb">Debal Deb</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Role of Non-Timber Forest Produce in Village Economies in South West Bengal, India.","attachmentId":38542425,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15104844/Role_of_Non_Timber_Forest_Produce_in_Village_Economies_in_South_West_Bengal_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15104844/Role_of_Non_Timber_Forest_Produce_in_Village_Economies_in_South_West_Bengal_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="20119497" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20119497/A_comprehenshive_study_of_the_Socio_Economic_Status_of_Forest_Fringe_Villages_in_Lakhimpur_District_Assam">A comprehenshive study of the Socio-Economic Status of Forest Fringe Villages in Lakhimpur District, Assam.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38871661" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IInternationalJournalofInterdisciplinaryResearchinScienceSocietyandCulture">IJIRSSC : International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Science Society and Culture</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the Lakhimpur district of Assam, a field survey was conducted during March 2014 to Dec.2015 in 15 villages in the fringe areas of Ranga, Kakoi, and Dulung reserve forests. Data on villages profile, households and dependency of villages on forests were collected and analyzed thereafter. The study reveals the dependency of forest fringe village dwellers on forest for fuel wood, fodder and other Non Timber Forest Products and other services. Hence, it is opined that forests play a very critical role in livelihood of villagers in forest fringe areas. Hence, management of forests with the co-operation of fringe village dwellers would be a good approach for sustainable management and utilization of forests goods and services.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A comprehenshive study of the Socio-Economic Status of Forest Fringe Villages in Lakhimpur District, Assam.","attachmentId":41019224,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20119497/A_comprehenshive_study_of_the_Socio_Economic_Status_of_Forest_Fringe_Villages_in_Lakhimpur_District_Assam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20119497/A_comprehenshive_study_of_the_Socio_Economic_Status_of_Forest_Fringe_Villages_in_Lakhimpur_District_Assam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="1944400" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1944400/The_role_of_non_timber_forest_products_in_village_economies_of_south_west_Bengal">The role of non-timber forest products in village economies of south-west Bengal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="285238" href="https://isical.academia.edu/vasuluTS">vasulu TS</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2193862" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DDeb">Debal Deb</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Network Paper-Rural …, 1993</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of non-timber forest products in village economies of south-west Bengal","attachmentId":28051534,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1944400/The_role_of_non_timber_forest_products_in_village_economies_of_south_west_Bengal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1944400/The_role_of_non_timber_forest_products_in_village_economies_of_south_west_Bengal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="66836393" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66836393/Socio_economic_and_Socioecological_Study_of_Sambalpur_Forest_Division_Orissa">Socio-economic and Socioecological Study of Sambalpur Forest Division, Orissa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="197498384" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrajaKishoriMishra">Braja Kishori Mishra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Human Ecology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Socio-economic and Socioecological Study of Sambalpur Forest Division, Orissa","attachmentId":77877654,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66836393/Socio_economic_and_Socioecological_Study_of_Sambalpur_Forest_Division_Orissa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66836393/Socio_economic_and_Socioecological_Study_of_Sambalpur_Forest_Division_Orissa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="122542179" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122542179/Forest_Resources_and_Its_Contribution_to_the_Livelihood_of_Tribal_Communities_in_Odisha_A_Study_of_Two_Villages_in_Kalahandi_District">Forest Resources and Its Contribution to the Livelihood of Tribal Communities in Odisha: A Study of Two Villages in Kalahandi District</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57035114" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalSocialVision">Journal Social Vision</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Social Vision, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The basic problem of rural area is problem of underemployment rather than unemployment and it is high incidence of unemployment and underemployment among the economically weaker tribal sections of the society in the country. The tribal people living in forest area depend on forests' resources for various products such as fuel wood, construction materials, medicine, food etc. There are three ways in which forest provides livelihoods for the tribal communities living in the forest fringe villages. They are direct employment, self-employment and secondary employment. The state of Odisha has a rich and abundance source of forest produce that has contributed and shaped the lives of the poor tribal people across the state. Both men and women from different tribes in rural Odisha are mostly engaged for collection and marketing of forest products that provides a great source of income to them. The broad objectives of the paper is to study (i) the important role played by the forest produce in providing better economic status to the tribal people in Odisha (ii) to look into the economic and employment aspect of the forest produce particularly in the two villages of Rayagada District. The present study documents economic contributions of forest resources to the tribal communities of Kashipur block in Rayagada district of Odisha state. The study is based on personal interviews, interview schedule, and personal observations in the two sample villages.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Forest Resources and Its Contribution to the Livelihood of Tribal Communities in Odisha: A Study of Two Villages in Kalahandi District","attachmentId":117183567,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122542179/Forest_Resources_and_Its_Contribution_to_the_Livelihood_of_Tribal_Communities_in_Odisha_A_Study_of_Two_Villages_in_Kalahandi_District","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122542179/Forest_Resources_and_Its_Contribution_to_the_Livelihood_of_Tribal_Communities_in_Odisha_A_Study_of_Two_Villages_in_Kalahandi_District"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="8717959" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8717959/Forest_as_a_Source_of_Livelihood_for_the_Tribals_of_Kurung_Kumey_District_Arunachal_Pradesh">Forest as a Source of Livelihood for the Tribals of Kurung Kumey District, Arunachal Pradesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="435809" href="https://apupsg.academia.edu/DrTarhRamya">Dr. Tarh Ramya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Concept Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Tribals are of great interest and intense significance from forest perspective, as they inhabit for a very long period time over the same region. In the state of Arunachal Pradesh as a whole and Kurung Kumey district in particular, tribal communities reside in close touch with forest and thus, dependent on it. That is why, it’s a great significance to study their do’s and don’ts in order to propose better forest and environmental management interventions considering options for enhancing livelihoods of the tribal communities in Kurung Kumey district. In this study, three tribal communities of the district i.e., Nyishi, Bangru and Puroik have been purposively selected for questionnaire survey. Data has been taken into consideration from two vital viewpoint i.e., livelihood pattern and forest dependence, assuming that all tribes are dependent on forest resources for their livelihood. Through this study, it is found that Nyishi and Bangru tribes are economically better-off in terms of land ownership and income per capita respectively. Forestry practice provides little share in their total income though Nyishi tribe has the highest land per capita in forestry sector as well as in agricultural sector. On the other hand, Puroik tribe’s living standard is comparatively very low as their income and land per capita is low, and they are more dependent on forest. Bangru tribe keeps the comparative middle status in almost every sector. A variety of other social and environmental factors were also collected and thoroughly analysed which may be useful for further research in this region.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Forest as a Source of Livelihood for the Tribals of Kurung Kumey District, Arunachal Pradesh","attachmentId":35068418,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8717959/Forest_as_a_Source_of_Livelihood_for_the_Tribals_of_Kurung_Kumey_District_Arunachal_Pradesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8717959/Forest_as_a_Source_of_Livelihood_for_the_Tribals_of_Kurung_Kumey_District_Arunachal_Pradesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="40997402" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40997402/Issues_and_Challenges_of_the_Forest_Villagers_and_Joint_Forest_Management_A_case_study_of_Alipurduar_District_West_Bengal">Issues and Challenges of the Forest Villagers and Joint Forest Management: A case study of Alipurduar District,West Bengal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15766973" href="https://chandernagorecollege.academia.edu/AshisSarkar">Ashis Sarkar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indian Journal of Spatial Science Autumn Issue, 10 (2) 2019 pp.20 - 30, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction Generally, forest villages are found both in the interior and fringe areas with dense and fairly dense forest cover. The forest is not only a source of income to the villagers but it also provides employment to the local inhabitants which make forest an important contributor to the rural economy in the area. The villagers collect a variety of NTFPs (edible fruits, flowers, tubers, roots, and leaves), medicinal plants, firewood for both cooking and selling in the market, wood for traditional agricultural implements, house construction, and fencing, fodder (grass and leave) for livestock and space for livestock grazing for livelihood. Therefore, with such different uses and extensive dependence pattern, over-exploitation and unsustainable harvest practice degrade the forest cover rapidly over the years. To mitigate these problems, a decentralized and participatory forest management program called joint forest management (JFM) is being promoted in India since</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Issues and Challenges of the Forest Villagers and Joint Forest Management: A case study of Alipurduar District,West Bengal","attachmentId":61278747,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40997402/Issues_and_Challenges_of_the_Forest_Villagers_and_Joint_Forest_Management_A_case_study_of_Alipurduar_District_West_Bengal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40997402/Issues_and_Challenges_of_the_Forest_Villagers_and_Joint_Forest_Management_A_case_study_of_Alipurduar_District_West_Bengal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":46848266,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":46848266,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_46848266" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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