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LIVELIHOOD.docx" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50213495/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29760014/FOREST_DWELLER_AND_THEIR_LIVELIHOOD_docx">FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELIHOOD.docx</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELY HOOD: A CASE STUDY OF KULDIHA BIO-SPHERE IN NILGIR BLOCK OF BALA...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELY HOOD:  A CASE STUDY OF KULDIHA BIO-SPHERE IN NILGIR BLOCK OF BALASORE DISTRICT.<br /><br />Agriculture and allied activities that support the livelihoods of nearly 70 percent of India鈥檚 rural population, has lost its importance. In recent years, land based livelihoods of small and marginal farmers are increasingly becoming unsustainable. As their land has failed to support their family鈥檚 food requirements they are forced to look at alternative means for supplementing their livelihoods. The rapid changes at the macro level that India witnessed since the early nineties has contributed to the instability of the livelihood systems of the poorer section of both rural and tribal households. The emergence of industry and market economy has disturbed the age old tribal and nature relation. Taking the anthropological methodology into account the present study tried to explore the traditional pattern of livelihoods and their changing scenario in a tribal dominated on kuldiha bio-sphere district of balasore, Odisha. If we look into the changing contest of livelihood of the study area it will be found that it has changed a lot in course of time. During the British period the villagers were mostly depending on forest resources for their livelihoods. They used to collect various forest based products and fuel woods from nearby forest. The villagers were managing the forest. Apart from forest resources they used to do some cultivation in forest land. Mostly it was a system of mono cropping. Their economy was subsistence in nature. They were struggling to feed them. In course of time slowly this forest got degraded because of lots of reasons. The rise of industrialization, intervention of outsiders and rise of population became major threat for these communities. The degraded resources failed to suffice the needs of the villagers. It compelled the tribal inhabitants to look for other alternatives. In the initial days it was only agriculture, which gave them an alternative source of livelihoods. But the small land holding size and traditional technology failed to meet the rising needs of villagers. Due to increase the population and requirement of industrial needs the forest depletion rate is very fast in study area. Peoples are now travelling long distance to collect the firewood. They have engaged themselves in various small industries in their locality. Most of the young children in the study area have engaged themselves in non-agriculture sector.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ae0e0279acbda7feae119012d36845f1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50213495,"asset_id":29760014,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50213495/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29760014"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29760014"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29760014; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29759602"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29759602/FOREST_DWELLER_AND_THEIR_LIVELIHOOD"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELIHOOD" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50213266/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29759602/FOREST_DWELLER_AND_THEIR_LIVELIHOOD">FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELIHOOD</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Agriculture and allied activities that support the livelihoods of nearly 70 percent of India鈥檚 r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Agriculture and allied activities that support the livelihoods of nearly 70 percent of India鈥檚 rural population, has lost its importance. In recent years, land based livelihoods of small and marginal farmers are increasingly becoming unsustainable. As their land has failed to support their family鈥檚 food requirements they are forced to look at alternative means for supplementing their livelihoods. The rapid changes at the macro level that India witnessed since the early nineties has contributed to the instability of the livelihood systems of the poorer section of both rural and tribal households. The emergence of industry and market economy has disturbed the age old tribal and nature relation. Taking the anthropological methodology into account the present study tried to explore the traditional pattern of livelihoods and their changing scenario in a tribal dominated village of Sundargarh district, Odisha. If we look into the changing contest of livelihood of the study village it will be found that it has changed a lot in course of time. During the British period the villagers were mostly depending on forest resources for their livelihoods. They used to collect various forest based products and fuel woods from nearby forest. The villagers were managing the forest. Apart from forest resources they used to do some cultivation in forest land. Mostly it was a system of mono cropping. Their economy was subsistence in nature. They were struggling to feed them. In course of time slowly this forest got degraded because of lots of reasons. The rise of industrialisation, intervention of outsiders and rise of population became major threat for these communities. The degraded resources failed to suffice the needs of the villagers. It compelled the tribal inhabitants to look for other alternatives. In the initial days it was only agriculture, which gave them an alternative source of livelihoods. But the small land holding size and traditional technology failed to meet the rising needs of villagers. Due to increase the population and requirement of industrial needs the forest depletion rate is very fast in study area. Peoples are now travelling long distance to collect the firewood. They have engaged themselves in various small industries in their locality. Most of the young children in the study area have engaged themselves in non-agriculture sector.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f1dbe30379e762d722a33e9ead251198" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50213266,"asset_id":29759602,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50213266/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29759602"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29759602"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29759602; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="6120307" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29760014"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29760014/FOREST_DWELLER_AND_THEIR_LIVELIHOOD_docx"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELIHOOD.docx" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50213495/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29760014/FOREST_DWELLER_AND_THEIR_LIVELIHOOD_docx">FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELIHOOD.docx</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELY HOOD: A CASE STUDY OF KULDIHA BIO-SPHERE IN NILGIR BLOCK OF BALA...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELY HOOD:  A CASE STUDY OF KULDIHA BIO-SPHERE IN NILGIR BLOCK OF BALASORE DISTRICT.<br /><br />Agriculture and allied activities that support the livelihoods of nearly 70 percent of India鈥檚 rural population, has lost its importance. In recent years, land based livelihoods of small and marginal farmers are increasingly becoming unsustainable. As their land has failed to support their family鈥檚 food requirements they are forced to look at alternative means for supplementing their livelihoods. The rapid changes at the macro level that India witnessed since the early nineties has contributed to the instability of the livelihood systems of the poorer section of both rural and tribal households. The emergence of industry and market economy has disturbed the age old tribal and nature relation. Taking the anthropological methodology into account the present study tried to explore the traditional pattern of livelihoods and their changing scenario in a tribal dominated on kuldiha bio-sphere district of balasore, Odisha. If we look into the changing contest of livelihood of the study area it will be found that it has changed a lot in course of time. During the British period the villagers were mostly depending on forest resources for their livelihoods. They used to collect various forest based products and fuel woods from nearby forest. The villagers were managing the forest. Apart from forest resources they used to do some cultivation in forest land. Mostly it was a system of mono cropping. Their economy was subsistence in nature. They were struggling to feed them. In course of time slowly this forest got degraded because of lots of reasons. The rise of industrialization, intervention of outsiders and rise of population became major threat for these communities. The degraded resources failed to suffice the needs of the villagers. It compelled the tribal inhabitants to look for other alternatives. In the initial days it was only agriculture, which gave them an alternative source of livelihoods. But the small land holding size and traditional technology failed to meet the rising needs of villagers. Due to increase the population and requirement of industrial needs the forest depletion rate is very fast in study area. Peoples are now travelling long distance to collect the firewood. They have engaged themselves in various small industries in their locality. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29759602"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29759602/FOREST_DWELLER_AND_THEIR_LIVELIHOOD"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELIHOOD" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50213266/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29759602/FOREST_DWELLER_AND_THEIR_LIVELIHOOD">FOREST DWELLER AND THEIR LIVELIHOOD</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Agriculture and allied activities that support the livelihoods of nearly 70 percent of India鈥檚 r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Agriculture and allied activities that support the livelihoods of nearly 70 percent of India鈥檚 rural population, has lost its importance. In recent years, land based livelihoods of small and marginal farmers are increasingly becoming unsustainable. As their land has failed to support their family鈥檚 food requirements they are forced to look at alternative means for supplementing their livelihoods. The rapid changes at the macro level that India witnessed since the early nineties has contributed to the instability of the livelihood systems of the poorer section of both rural and tribal households. The emergence of industry and market economy has disturbed the age old tribal and nature relation. Taking the anthropological methodology into account the present study tried to explore the traditional pattern of livelihoods and their changing scenario in a tribal dominated village of Sundargarh district, Odisha. If we look into the changing contest of livelihood of the study village it will be found that it has changed a lot in course of time. During the British period the villagers were mostly depending on forest resources for their livelihoods. They used to collect various forest based products and fuel woods from nearby forest. The villagers were managing the forest. Apart from forest resources they used to do some cultivation in forest land. Mostly it was a system of mono cropping. Their economy was subsistence in nature. They were struggling to feed them. In course of time slowly this forest got degraded because of lots of reasons. The rise of industrialisation, intervention of outsiders and rise of population became major threat for these communities. The degraded resources failed to suffice the needs of the villagers. It compelled the tribal inhabitants to look for other alternatives. In the initial days it was only agriculture, which gave them an alternative source of livelihoods. But the small land holding size and traditional technology failed to meet the rising needs of villagers. Due to increase the population and requirement of industrial needs the forest depletion rate is very fast in study area. Peoples are now travelling long distance to collect the firewood. They have engaged themselves in various small industries in their locality. Most of the young children in the study area have engaged themselves in non-agriculture sector.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f1dbe30379e762d722a33e9ead251198" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50213266,"asset_id":29759602,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50213266/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29759602"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29759602"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29759602; 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