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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resolution_of_softwood_lumber_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolution_of_softwood_lumber_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Resolution of softwood lumber issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resolution_of_softwood_lumber_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_Affairs_ministry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_Affairs_ministry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Foreign Affairs ministry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_Affairs_ministry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" 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</div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">David Emerson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Emerson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David Emerson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ديفيد ايمرسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديفيد ايمرسون" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian businessman and politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Australian cricketer, see <a href="/wiki/David_Emerson_(cricketer)" title="David Emerson (cricketer)">David Emerson (cricketer)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">David Emerson</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_British_Columbia" title="Order of British Columbia">OBC</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 26, 2008 – October 20, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Cannon" title="Lawrence Cannon">Lawrence Cannon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade_Diversification" title="Minister of International Trade Diversification">Minister of International Trade</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 6, 2006 – June 24, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peterson" title="Jim Peterson">Jim Peterson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fortier" title="Michael Fortier">Michael Fortier</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister for the Pacific Gateway and the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">Vancouver-Whistler Olympics</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 6, 2006 – June 25, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office Established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office Abolished</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Industry_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Industry (Canada)">Minister of Industry</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 20, 2004 – February 6, 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Lucienne Robillard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Kingsway" title="Vancouver Kingsway">Vancouver Kingsway</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 28, 2004 – October 14, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Leung" title="Sophia Leung">Sophia Leung</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Don_Davies" title="Don Davies">Don Davies</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">David Lee Emerson</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1945-09-17</span>) </span>September 17, 1945<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 79)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> (2004-2006)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Theresa Yuek-Si Tang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label">Vancouver, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Financial executive, politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">Economist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Portfolio</th><td class="infobox-data">Minister of Foreign Affairs</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>David Lee Emerson</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_British_Columbia" title="Order of British Columbia">OBC</a></span></span> (born September 17, 1945) is a Canadian economist, financial executive, and politician. He was formerly the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">riding</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Kingsway" title="Vancouver Kingsway">Vancouver Kingsway</a>. He was first elected as a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> and served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Industry_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Industry (Canada)">Minister of Industry</a> under <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a>. After controversially crossing the floor to join <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservatives</a>, he served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade (Canada)">Minister of International Trade</a> and Minister for the Pacific Gateway and the Vancouver-Whistler Olympics, followed by <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_business_career">Early life and business career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Emerson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and business career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emerson was born in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. He attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a> and obtained his Bachelor of Economics degree in 1968 and his Master of Economics degree in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-TO_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then went on to <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's University, Canada">Queen's University</a> where he received his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D</a> in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TO_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, after working as a researcher for the Economic Council of Canada, Emerson moved to <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and joined the public service. In 1984, he became deputy minister of finance.<sup id="cite_ref-TO_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, Emerson was appointed president and chief executive officer of the <a href="/wiki/Western_%26_Pacific_Bank_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Western & Pacific Bank of Canada">Western & Pacific Bank of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TO_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He transformed it into the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Western_Bank" title="Canadian Western Bank">Western Bank of Canada</a> — the only regional bank to survive and prosper. Four years later, he returned as deputy minister of finance<sup id="cite_ref-TO_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was quickly promoted to deputy minister to the premier and president of the British Columbia Trade Development Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-TO_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1992 to 1997, Emerson was president and chief executive officer of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_International_Airport#Vancouver_International_Airport_Authority" title="Vancouver International Airport">Vancouver International Airport Authority</a>. </p><p>In 1998, Emerson was appointed president and chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Canfor_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Canfor Corporation">Canfor Corporation</a>, a leading integrated <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forest</a> products company and Canada's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Softwood_lumber" class="mw-redirect" title="Softwood lumber">softwood lumber</a>. With 8,100 workers and annual revenues of $3.2 billion servicing 10% of the U.S. market, Canfor operates <a href="/wiki/Wood_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood pulp">pulp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paper_mill" title="Paper mill">paper mills</a> as well as 19 <a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmills</a> across British Columbia, two in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and one in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. Despite US duties and a higher <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a>, Emerson managed to increase profits and raise share prices through a major <a href="/wiki/Takeover" title="Takeover">acquisition</a> deal and efficiency upgrades, which increased capacity by 30% while reducing production costs by 24%. </p><p>In 2008, Emerson joined private equity firm CAI Capital Management as a senior advisor. </p><p>Emerson's directorships included: <a href="/wiki/Terasen_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Terasen Inc">Terasen Inc</a>; <a href="/wiki/Royal_%26_SunAlliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal & SunAlliance">Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance Company of Canada</a>; vice-chairman of the Canadian Council of Chief Executives; Chair, <a href="/wiki/BC_Ferries" title="BC Ferries">British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.</a>; and chairman and director of Genus Resource Management Technologies Inc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_history">Election history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Emerson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Election history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bypassing the nomination process, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a> appointed David Emerson as the Liberal candidate in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Kingsway" title="Vancouver Kingsway">Vancouver Kingsway</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 election</a>. In the general election, he narrowly defeated <a href="/wiki/Ian_Waddell" title="Ian Waddell">Ian Waddell</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP) by 1,351 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waddell had previously represented Vancouver Kingsway from 1979 until 1988, when the riding was abolished and Waddell transferred to <a href="/wiki/Port_Moody%E2%80%94Coquitlam_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Port Moody—Coquitlam (federal electoral district)">Port Moody—Coquitlam</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 election</a> saw a rematch between Emerson and Waddell. This time, Emerson won<sup id="cite_ref-TO_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> handily, defeating Waddell by nearly 10 points as the Liberals nearly swept <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>. </p><p>Emerson attracted some media attention in December 2005 with a comment that NDP leader <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> had a "boiled dog's head smile". While the term is translated from the common and mild <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a> insult "烚熟狗頭", Emerson said that he believed it to be a humorous phrase indicating a person with an "overextended grin". Emerson said that his wife, a Cantonese speaker, used the phrase to describe him when he posed for pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crossing_the_floor">Crossing the floor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Emerson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crossing the floor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At some point between election day and the day <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> was due to be sworn in as prime minister, Emerson accepted an offer from Harper to <a href="/wiki/Cross_the_floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross the floor">cross the floor</a> and become <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade">Minister of International Trade</a> in Harper's new <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/39th_Canadian_Parliament" title="39th Canadian Parliament">minority government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TO_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Emerson, British Columbia Conservative campaign coordinator <a href="/wiki/John_Reynolds_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Reynolds (Canadian politician)">John Reynolds</a> called him the day after the election to ask if he was interested in having a conversation with Harper.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gaining regional representation in <a href="/wiki/28th_Canadian_Ministry" title="28th Canadian Ministry">Cabinet</a> from key metropolitan areas, such as Vancouver, according to Harper, was key to the decision in asking Emerson to cross the floor. Indeed, 2006 marked the first time in decades that a centre-right party had been completely shut out in Vancouver. However, Emerson's Conservative opponent, Kanman Wong, claimed on February 10, 2006, that Emerson was seriously considering crossing the floor during the run-up to the election. Wong added that he would have stood down in Emerson's favour had he done so.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In any case, Emerson's decision was kept secret from his Liberal colleagues, the press, and even most Conservatives until February 6, 2006, when he arrived at <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a>, the official residence of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a>, for the swearing-in of the new government. In addition to his International Trade portfolio, Emerson was given responsibility for the Pacific Gateway and the <a href="/wiki/2010_Vancouver_Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics">2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics</a>, areas of particular importance to the riding of Vancouver-Kingsway and in general, the Greater Vancouver area. He was ranked third in Cabinet in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_order_of_precedence" title="Canadian order of precedence">order of precedence</a>, behind Harper and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (Canada)">House Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a>, by virtue of his appointment to the Privy Council in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emerson had given no public indication that he was thinking of leaving the Liberal Party during the election campaign, Wong's remarks notwithstanding. As a Cabinet minister he had been featured prominently in Liberal TV ads in British Columbia promoting that party as the best choice for voters. He launched several blistering attacks against Harper and the Conservatives during the campaign, including one assertion that under a Harper government, "the strong [would] survive and the weak die". On election night, he told supporters that he wanted to be "Stephen Harper's worst nightmare." In an interview with <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a> after being sworn in, he clarified to reporters about the heated partisan rhetoric used during the campaign. Emerson told CTV that he runs his riding office on a nonpartisan basis, and that his first priority was the interests of the people of Vancouver Kingsway.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversy">Controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Emerson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part of the Emerson controversy stems from Vancouver Kingsway's voting history. The riding has long been one of the more left-leaning ones in Vancouver; most election battles take place between the Liberals and NDP. Vancouver Kingsway previously existed from 1953 to 1988 and elected a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> candidate only once, during the <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958 Tory landslide</a>. It has not elected a Conservative or any member of its predecessor parties—the PCs, the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party of Canada</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a>—since its recreation in 1997. The Conservative candidate in 2006, Wong, finished a distant third with only 8,700 votes—12,000 votes behind Emerson and 7,000 behind Waddell—and 19% of the total vote. In the 2004 election, the Conservative candidate, Jesse Johl, finished with 16.5% of the vote. Both totals were far less than the combined PC/Canadian Alliance vote of 34.4% in <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a>. The NDP's vote share of less than 16% in that 2000 election jumped to more than 37% when Emerson first ran in 2004. </p><p>Liberal MP and former <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Health (Canada)">Minister of Health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ujjal_Dosanjh" title="Ujjal Dosanjh">Ujjal Dosanjh</a> noted that a poll held prior to the election showed less than 20 per cent of residents in the riding knew Emerson by name, lending credence to the assertions that the Liberal banner played a large part in his election and re-election. </p><p>Liberal National President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Eizenga" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Eizenga">Mike Eizenga</a> said that Emerson knew "if he was running in that riding as a Conservative, he wouldn't have a chance" and has demanded his resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Democracy Watch, a nonpartisan ethics watchdog, said it planned to complain to the Ethics Commissioner since Emerson was still technically a Liberal minister when he accepted Harper's offer. The group claimed that Emerson's switch violated the federal ethics code and post-employment regulations for officeholders. NDP MP <a href="/wiki/Peter_Julian" title="Peter Julian">Peter Julian</a> has also called for an inquiry, claiming that the additional benefits Emerson received as a member compared to those he would have received as an opposition MP carry at least the appearance that Emerson acted in his own private interest.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">Bill Graham</a>, acting parliamentary leader of the Liberal Party and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition</a>, called Emerson's behaviour cynical and claimed his actions diminished "the faith of citizens in a system under which we have to govern." Martin, who left on a vacation to Europe shortly after resigning as prime minister, was "astonished" by Emerson's defection and criticized both Emerson and Harper for avoiding "an appropriate level of scrutiny on this matter -- a decision that I believe robs Canadians and the people of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Kingsway" title="Vancouver Kingsway">Vancouver Kingsway</a> of a deserved explanation". </p><p>Criticism also came from Emerson's fellow Conservatives. <a href="/wiki/Garth_Turner" title="Garth Turner">Garth Turner</a>, a Conservative MP from <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> said that "anyone who crosses the floor ultimately should go back to the people for ratification and I stick by it and hopefully in this case that will happen<span class="nowrap"> </span>..."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turner later stated his belief that his criticism "seriously limited" his future in the party. Subsequently, he was eventually kicked out of the Conservative caucus and crossed the floor to sit as a Liberal for which he was also criticized. <a href="/wiki/Myron_Thompson" title="Myron Thompson">Myron Thompson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> has also called for Emerson to step down and run in a by-election.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, MacKay told CTV's <a href="/wiki/Mike_Duffy_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Duffy Live">Mike Duffy Live</a> that Emerson wanted to continue and finish the work he already started as Minister of Industry under Martin on a multibillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/Softwood_lumber" class="mw-redirect" title="Softwood lumber">softwood lumber</a> deal with the United States—a deal that could potentially bring a huge windfall to Canada and particularly Emerson's major lumber producing province, British Columbia. </p><p>MacKay later also said that there was no comparison between Emerson's switch and that of <a href="/wiki/Belinda_Stronach" title="Belinda Stronach">Belinda Stronach</a>. Reynolds also defended Emerson's switch, saying that Vancouver Kingsway got the better end of the bargain since "instead of having someone in opposition, they have someone who is a cabinet minister of a new government." As Minister of International Trade, Emerson will have key influence on matters relevant to constituents of Vancouver-Kingsway particularly as The Greater Vancouver Area prepares for the 2010 Olympics. The defection also has the support of <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Vancouver" title="List of mayors of Vancouver">Vancouver Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Sullivan" title="Sam Sullivan">Sam Sullivan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_British_Columbia" title="Premier of British Columbia">British Columbia Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Campbell_(Canadian_politician)" title="Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)">Gordon Campbell</a>, the Vancouver Board of Trade, former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a>, as well as several prominent businessmen in Vancouver. </p><p>In a letter dated Monday February 6, the Vancouver Kingsway Liberal <a href="/wiki/Riding_association" title="Riding association">riding association</a> requested that Emerson repay $97,000 spent during his re-election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emerson has stated that he does not intend to repay any expenses, arguing that he has raised large sums for the Liberal party from his corporate connections. On February 8, 2006, Emerson described Liberal attacks on his defection as a sign of "deep sickness" and said that his children were being treated with hostility at school because of his defection.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harper called the attacks on Emerson "superficial", the switch was made "in the best interests of not just British Columbia but good government". Emerson has given some thought to resigning over the furore, but told CBC News in Vancouver on February 10 that he would not resign or run in a byelection.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from that appearance, Emerson cancelled a telephone press conference on February 9 due to traffic. </p><p>The furore has reinvigorated support for legislation requiring MPs who switch parties to step down and run for their own vacancy in a by-election. NDP MP <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stoffer" title="Peter Stoffer">Peter Stoffer</a> announced on February 13 that he would reintroduce a <a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill" title="Private member's bill">private member's bill</a> making such a provision. Turner plans to introduce a similar bill, despite pressure from his party to back off. Speaking on Vancouver radio station <a href="/wiki/CKNW" title="CKNW">CKNW</a>, Emerson said he would be glad to discuss the bill in Parliament: "I'll participate in that debate, I may even vote for it, and I will certainly abide by it." <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stoffer's earlier floor-crossing bill (C-251) was defeated during the last Canadian Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emerson has vowed to resign only if such a law were passed retroactively or if the ethics commissioner found him to be at fault. </p><p>A crowd of over 700<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gathered at an NDP-organized protest rally in Emerson's riding on Saturday February 11. Another smaller rally took place at Emerson's riding office the next day. On April 2, a crowd, variously estimated between 1000 and 1200 participated in a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walk_for_Democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walk for Democracy (page does not exist)">Walk for Democracy</a> organized by a group calling themselves <a href="/wiki/Real_Democracy" title="Real Democracy">Real Democracy</a>. At times the tightly packed crowd stretched out over five blocks along one lane of Kingsway as the march proceeded along the 2 kilometre route past Emerson's constituency office to the rally. The next day, another group flew an airplane over Canada's parliament asking the Member of Parliament to "call home". This was in reference to the fact that David Emerson had remained low key and made few public appearances in the riding for the months of February and March. </p><p>According to an online poll from <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>, 77% of respondents wanted Emerson to step down and run in a by-election. A similar online poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> magazine showed 66% wanted Emerson to run in a by-election. Ipsos Reid in mid-February 2006 conducted a poll of British Columbians and found that even in staunchly Conservative areas of the province, respondents were 75% in favour of a by-election being called. </p><p>On March 3, 2006, Ethics Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Shapiro" title="Bernard Shapiro">Bernard Shapiro</a> announced that he was launching a preliminary inquiry into conflict-of-interest allegations against Emerson and Harper. Shapiro says he will look into what influence may have been wielded in the decision by Emerson to cross the floor.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 20, 2006, Shapiro stated that he was "satisfied that no special inducement was offered by Mr. Harper to convince Mr. Emerson to join his cabinet and his party". He found no wrongdoing on Emerson's part and recommended a parliamentary debate on floor crossing.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resolution_of_softwood_lumber_issue">Resolution of softwood lumber issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Emerson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Resolution of softwood lumber issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 27, 2006, Prime Minister Harper announced that Canada had reached an agreement with the United States on <a href="/wiki/United_States-Canada_softwood_lumber_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="United States-Canada softwood lumber dispute">softwood lumber</a>. Working closely with Minister Emerson and Canadian <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassador</a> to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a>, this landmark agreement resolved a dispute disrupting Canada–U.S. relations since 1982 when U.S. lumber producers first petitioned against Canadian softwood lumber imports under U.S. countervailing duty law. Previous Liberal governments had enacted two five-year deals, the last one expiring March 31, 2001. Since then, Canada had been locked in costly domestic and international litigation as U.S. lumber companies charged Canada with dumping subsidized lumber into the U.S. market. </p><p>The softwood lumber deal ensured no quotas or tariffs at current lumber prices, repayment of at least $4 billion in unfairly collected duties to lumber companies, and provincial and regional flexibility depending on operating conditions. "Canada’s bargaining position was strong; our conditions were clear; and this agreement delivers", said the prime minister. "It’s a good deal that resolves this long-standing dispute and allows us to move on." The deal also received support from Canada's three major softwood producing provinces, British Columbia, Quebec and Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the initial announcement, the province of British Columbia expressed dissatisfaction with the agreement's details.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claiming industry support, B.C.'s forestry minister, Rich Coleman, threatened to "derail the deal" if the provincial government's concerns were not met. Under contention were several details, including an "opt-out" clause (allowing either Canadian or U.S. governments to back out of the deal after 23 months).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of analysts described the deal as a shameful capitulation of Canadian interests. The deal included language requiring all Canadian companies to drop legal actions against the U.S. government.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 12, 2006, Emerson and U.S Trade Representative <a href="/wiki/Susan_Schwab" title="Susan Schwab">Susan Schwab</a> officially signed the deal in Ottawa.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The softwood lumber deal was passed on December 6, 2006, and received Royal Assent on December 12, 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_Affairs_ministry">Foreign Affairs ministry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Emerson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign Affairs ministry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 26, 2008, Emerson was appointed <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a>, though it was reported at the time that Emerson's appointment to the position would be brief.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a cabinet shuffle on June 25, 2008, Prime Minister Harper finalized Emerson's position as Minister of Foreign Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement">Retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Emerson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 2, 2008, it was reported that Emerson would not run in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 federal election</a>, citing the lengthy commute from Vancouver to Ottawa as the reason.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, he was <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100331113347/http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=2609">named co-chair</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tellier" title="Paul Tellier">Paul Tellier</a>) of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&Page=secretariats&Sub=spsp-psps&Doc=psr-rfp/pmac-ccfp/index-eng.htm">Prime Minister's Advisory Committee on the Public Service</a>. He also became a member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a> <a href="/wiki/China_Investment_Corporation" title="China Investment Corporation">China Investment Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Emerson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TO-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TO_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TO_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TO_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TO_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TO_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TO_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TO_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TO_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWoodsMacCharles2008" class="citation news cs1">Woods, Allan; MacCharles, Tonda (June 26, 2008). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emerson%2C+Hearn+will+not+seek+re-election+-+CTV+News&rft.pub=CTV+News&rft.date=2008-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Femerson-hearn-will-not-seek-re-election-1.320994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Emerson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323220717/http://www.china-inv.cn/cicen/governance/management_international.html">"China Investment Corporation"</a>. China-inv.cn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china-inv.cn/cicen/governance/management_international.html">the original</a> on March 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060521191535/http://w01.international.gc.ca/MinPub/Minister.asp?ID=140&Language=E">Profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060504141454/http://w01.international.gc.ca/minpub/Publication.asp?publication_id=383934&Language=E">Softwood Lumber Deal</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=17044">David Emerson – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border-top: 5px solid #6495ED" colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/The_Harper_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Harper cabinet">28th Ministry</a> – Cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th 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Pagtakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Paradis" title="Denis Paradis">Denis Paradis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peterson" title="Jim Peterson">Jim Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pierre Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pratt_(politician)" title="David Pratt (politician)">David Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Regan" title="Geoff Regan">Geoff Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Lucienne Robillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Saada" title="Jacques Saada">Jacques Saada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Scherrer" title="Hélène Scherrer">Hélène Scherrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Scott_(politician)" title="Andy Scott (politician)">Andy Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Sgro" title="Judy Sgro">Judy Sgro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Speller" title="Bob Speller">Bob Speller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinda_Stronach" title="Belinda Stronach">Belinda Stronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Valeri" title="Tony Valeri">Tony Valeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Volpe" title="Joe Volpe">Joe Volpe</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_international_trade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_for_International_Trade" title="Template:CA-Ministers for International Trade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_for_International_Trade" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers for International Trade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_for_International_Trade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers for International Trade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_international_trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade (Canada)">Ministers of international trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Trade and Commerce (1892–1969)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Mackenzie Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bullock_Ives" title="William Bullock Ives">William Bullock Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costigan" title="John Costigan">John Costigan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bullock_Ives" title="William Bullock Ives">William Bullock Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Richard John Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eulas_Foster" title="George Eulas Foster">George Eulas Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">James Alexander Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrew_Low" title="Thomas Andrew Low">Thomas Andrew Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">James Alexander Robb</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dew_Chaplin" title="James Dew Chaplin">James Dew Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Malcolm_(politician)" title="James Malcolm (politician)">James Malcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Canadian politician)">Richard Burpee Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daum_Euler" title="William Daum Euler">William Daum Euler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Angus_MacKinnon" title="James Angus MacKinnon">James Angus MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Clarence Decatur Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Churchill" title="Gordon Churchill">Gordon Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hees" title="George Hees">George Harris Hees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wallace_McCutcheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Wallace McCutcheon">Malcolm Wallace McCutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Sharp" title="Mitchell Sharp">Mitchell William Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winters" title="Robert Winters">Robert Henry Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Charles Mills Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Industry (1963–69)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Charles Mills Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Industry, Trade and Commerce (1969–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Gillespie" title="Alastair Gillespie">Alastair William Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Jamieson_(politician)" title="Don Jamieson (politician)">Donald Campbell Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Horner_(politician)" title="Jack Horner (politician)">John Henry Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Cotret" title="Robert de Cotret">Robert de Cotret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Herbert Eser Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of State for International Trade (1979–80)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of State (Trade) (1980–82)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State (International Trade) (1982–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Gerald Regan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of International Trade (1983–2018)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Gerald Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fox" title="Francis Fox">Francis Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kelleher" title="James Kelleher">James Francis Kelleher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Carney" title="Pat Carney">Patricia Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">John Carnell Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hockin" title="Tom Hockin">Thomas Hockin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_MacLaren_(politician)" title="Roy MacLaren (politician)">Roy MacLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Art Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Marchi_(politician)" title="Sergio Marchi (politician)">Sergio Marchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pierre Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peterson" title="Jim Peterson">Jim Peterson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fortier" title="Michael Fortier">Michael Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Ed Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">François-Philippe Champagne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of International Trade Diversification (2018–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carr" title="Jim Carr">Jim Carr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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