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id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-European_contact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-European_contact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-European contact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-European_contact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_European_settlement_(1600–1760)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_European_settlement_(1600–1760)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Early European settlement (1600–1760) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_European_settlement_(1600–1760)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_occupation_(1775–1776)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_occupation_(1775–1776)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 American occupation (1775–1776) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_occupation_(1775–1776)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history_as_city_(1832–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history_as_city_(1832–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Modern history as city (1832–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history_as_city_(1832–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Neighbourhoods </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Neighbourhoods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Neighbourhoods subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_Montreal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Montreal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Old Montreal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Montreal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mount_Royal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mount_Royal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Mount Royal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mount_Royal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Policing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education_(English)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education_(English)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Higher education (English) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education_(English)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education_(French)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education_(French)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Higher education (French) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education_(French)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Société_de_transport_de_Montréal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Société_de_transport_de_Montréal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Société de transport de Montréal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Société_de_transport_de_Montréal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bike_Share_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bike_Share_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.4 Bike Share Program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bike_Share_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 International relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.1 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendship_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendship_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.2 Friendship cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendship_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 22 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Montreal</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 157 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" > 157 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AC%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%8D" title="ሞንትሬያል – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞንትሬያል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مونتريال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مونتريال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont-reyal_(Canad%C3%A1)" title="Mont-reyal (Canadá) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mont-reyal (Canadá)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Մոնրէալ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մոնրէալ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrey%C3%A2l" title="Montreyâl – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Montreyâl" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moriak" title="Moriak – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Moriak" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monreal" title="Monreal – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Monreal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مونترئال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مونترئال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B2" title="মন্ট্রিয়ল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মন্ট্রিয়ল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Манрэаль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Манрэаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Манрэаль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манрэаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Монреал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Монреал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteal" title="Monteal – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Monteal" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BB" title="Μόντρεαλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόντρεαλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrealo" title="Montrealo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Montrealo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%84" title="مونترآل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مونترآل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%AC" title="몬트리올 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몬트리올" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Մոնրեալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոնրեալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2" title="मॉन्ट्रियल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉन्ट्रियल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%92%AA%E1%93%90%E1%91%90%E1%95%86%E1%90%8A%E1%93%95" title="ᒪᓐᑐᕆᐊᓕ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᒪᓐᑐᕆᐊᓕ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C" title="מונטריאול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונטריאול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მონრეალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მონრეალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monreyal_(komin)" title="Monreyal (komin) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Monreyal (komin)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ມົງເລອານ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມົງເລອານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mons_Regius" title="Mons Regius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mons Regius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monre%C4%81la" title="Monreāla – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Monreāla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monrealis" title="Monrealis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Monrealis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Монтреал – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Монтреал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD" title="മൊൺട്രിയാൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊൺട്രിയാൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B2" title="माँत्रिऑल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माँत्रिऑल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მონრეალი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მონრეალი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مونتريال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مونتريال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مونترئال – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مونترئال" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монрэаль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Монрэаль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Монреал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Монреал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="မွန်းထရီးအောမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မွန်းထရီးအောမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2" title="मोन्त्रियल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मोन्त्रियल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="モントリオール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モントリオール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundreale" title="Mundreale – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mundreale" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(Steed)" title="Montréal (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Montréal (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountriy%C3%A2o" title="Mountriyâo – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mountriyâo" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monreal" title="Monreal – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Monreal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮਾਂਟਰੀਆਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਂਟਰੀਆਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مونٹریال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مونٹریال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مونټريال – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مونټريال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B" title="ម៉ុងរ៉េអាល់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ុងរ៉េអាល់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(Canad%C3%A0)" title="Montréal (Canadà) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Montréal (Canadà)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montre%C3%A0lo" title="Montreàlo – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Montreàlo" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Монреал – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Монреал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreali" title="Montreali – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Montreali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مۆنتریال – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆنتریال" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Монтреал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монтреал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al,_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Montréal, Québec – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Montréal, Québec" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மொண்ட்ரியால் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொண்ட்ரியால்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="มอนทรีออล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มอนทรีออล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Монреал – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Монреал" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монреаль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مانٹریال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مانٹریال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مونترېئال – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مونترېئال" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monreal%27" title="Monreal' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Monreal'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Montréal" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%AF" title="滿地可 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="滿地可" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94" title="蒙特利尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒙特利尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מאנטרעאל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאנטרעאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%AF" title="滿地可 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="滿地可" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Montreal" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monrealis" title="Monrealis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Monrealis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94" title="蒙特利尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒙特利尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montreal&params=45_30_32_N_73_33_15_W_region:CA-QC_type:city(1,800,000)">45°30′32″N 73°33′15″W / 45.50889°N 73.55417°W / 45.50889; -73.55417</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in Quebec, Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Montrealer" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Montreal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Montreal (disambiguation)">Montreal (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montrealer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Montrealer (disambiguation)">Montrealer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"City of Mary" redirects here. For the city in Ukraine, see <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Quebec, Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Montreal</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Montréal (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Quebec">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Ville de Montréal (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:152px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mtl_from_mont_royal_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Mtl_from_mont_royal_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-Mtl_from_mont_royal_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Mtl_from_mont_royal_%28cropped%29.jpg/432px-Mtl_from_mont_royal_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Mtl_from_mont_royal_%28cropped%29.jpg/576px-Mtl_from_mont_royal_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2877" data-file-height="1524" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Montreal" title="Downtown Montreal">Downtown Montreal</a> skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:166px;max-width:166px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Montreal_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Old_Montreal_2017.jpg/164px-Old_Montreal_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Old_Montreal_2017.jpg/246px-Old_Montreal_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Old_Montreal_2017.jpg/328px-Old_Montreal_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Old_Montreal" title="Old Montreal">Old Montreal</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal_NDame1_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Montreal_NDame1_tango7174.jpg/120px-Montreal_NDame1_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Montreal_NDame1_tango7174.jpg/180px-Montreal_NDame1_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Montreal_NDame1_tango7174.jpg/240px-Montreal_NDame1_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1818" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Basilica_(Montreal)" title="Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)">Notre-Dame Basilica</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal_downtown_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Montreal_downtown_-_panoramio.jpg/288px-Montreal_downtown_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Montreal_downtown_-_panoramio.jpg/432px-Montreal_downtown_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Montreal_downtown_-_panoramio.jpg/576px-Montreal_downtown_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="2760" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Montreal" title="Old Port of Montreal">Old Port of Montreal</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal_-_Montreal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal_-_Montreal.jpg/109px-Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal_-_Montreal.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal_-_Montreal.jpg/164px-Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal_-_Montreal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal_-_Montreal.jpg/218px-Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal_-_Montreal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2287" data-file-height="2743" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Oratory" title="Saint Joseph's Oratory">Saint Joseph's Oratory</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg/175px-Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg/263px-Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg/350px-Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Montreal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Montreal"><img alt="Flag of Montreal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/125px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/188px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/250px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="217" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Montreal" title="Flag of Montreal">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Montreal"><img alt="Official seal of Montreal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal.svg/95px-Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal.svg/143px-Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal.svg/190px-Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="786" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal" title="Coat of arms of Montreal">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Montr%C3%A9al_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Montreal"><img alt="Official logo of Montreal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/City_of_Montr%C3%A9al_logo.svg/160px-City_of_Montr%C3%A9al_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/City_of_Montr%C3%A9al_logo.svg/240px-City_of_Montr%C3%A9al_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/City_of_Montr%C3%A9al_logo.svg/320px-City_of_Montr%C3%A9al_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="150" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Montreal#Nicknames" title="Name of Montreal">"MTL", "The 514", "The City of Festivals", "The City of Saints", "The City of a Hundred Steeples", "Sin City", "La Métropole"</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Salus" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordia Salus">Concordia Salus</a> ("well-being through harmony")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_859f4c24fa1975fa70eb5d146af4bfd627adbc0d"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Montreal&revid=1258430553&groups=_859f4c24fa1975fa70eb5d146af4bfd627adbc0d" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Montreal&revid=1258430553&groups=_859f4c24fa1975fa70eb5d146af4bfd627adbc0d 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Montreal</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Montreal is located in Canada"><img alt="Montreal is located in Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Canada_location_map_2.svg/250px-Canada_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Canada_location_map_2.svg/375px-Canada_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Canada_location_map_2.svg/500px-Canada_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.269%;left:73.95%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Montreal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Montreal</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Canada</div>Show map of Canada</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Montreal is located in Quebec"><img alt="Montreal is located in Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg/250px-Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg/375px-Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg/500px-Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="2822" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:95.531%;left:30.391%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Montreal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Montreal</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Quebec</div>Show map of Quebec</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montreal&params=45_30_32_N_73_33_15_W_region:CA-QC_type:city(1,800,000)">45°30′32″N 73°33′15″W / 45.50889°N 73.55417°W / 45.50889; -73.55417</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_Territories_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces and Territories of Canada">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Quebec</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Region_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Region (Quebec)">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal (region)">Montreal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomerations_in_Quebec" title="Urban agglomerations in Quebec">Urban agglomeration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Montreal" title="Urban agglomeration of Montreal">Montreal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">May 17, 1642</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">1832</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituted</th><td class="infobox-data">January 1, 2002</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal" title="Mount Royal">Mount Royal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Boroughs</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ahuntsic-Cartierville" title="Ahuntsic-Cartierville">Ahuntsic-Cartierville</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anjou,_Quebec" title="Anjou, Quebec">Anjou</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges%E2%80%93Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" title="Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce">Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Bizard%E2%80%93Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve" title="L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève">L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/LaSalle,_Quebec" title="LaSalle, Quebec">LaSalle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lachine,_Quebec" title="Lachine, Quebec">Lachine</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Le_Plateau-Mont-Royal" title="Le Plateau-Mont-Royal">Le Plateau-Mont-Royal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Le_Sud-Ouest" title="Le Sud-Ouest">Le Sud-Ouest</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mercier%E2%80%93Hochelaga-Maisonneuve" title="Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve">Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Nord" title="Montréal-Nord">Montréal-Nord</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Outremont,_Quebec" title="Outremont, Quebec">Outremont</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds-Roxboro" title="Pierrefonds-Roxboro">Pierrefonds-Roxboro</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-des-Prairies%E2%80%93Pointe-aux-Trembles" title="Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles">Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rosemont%E2%80%93La_Petite-Patrie" title="Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie">Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent,_Quebec" title="Saint-Laurent, Quebec">Saint-Laurent</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/St._Leonard,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Leonard, Quebec">Saint-Léonard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Verdun,_Quebec" title="Verdun, Quebec">Verdun</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ville-Marie,_Montreal" title="Ville-Marie, Montreal">Ville-Marie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Villeray%E2%80%93Saint-Michel%E2%80%93Parc-Extension" title="Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension">Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-mamrot-6">[6]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_City_Council" title="Montreal City Council">Montreal City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Montreal" title="Mayor of Montreal">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Plante" title="Valérie Plante">Valérie Plante</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_electoral_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian federal electoral districts">Federal riding</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ahuntsic-Cartierville_(electoral_district)" title="Ahuntsic-Cartierville (electoral district)">Ahuntsic-Cartierville</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bourassa_(electoral_district)" title="Bourassa (electoral district)">Bourassa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dorval%E2%80%94Lachine%E2%80%94LaSalle" title="Dorval—Lachine—LaSalle">Dorval—Lachine—LaSalle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(electoral_district)" title="Hochelaga (electoral district)">Hochelaga</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9-Mercier_(electoral_district)" title="Honoré-Mercier (electoral district)">Honoré-Mercier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/La_Pointe-de-l%27%C3%8Ele" title="La Pointe-de-l'Île">La Pointe-de-l'Île</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Louis_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac-Saint-Louis (electoral district)">Lac-Saint-Louis</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/LaSalle%E2%80%94%C3%89mard%E2%80%94Verdun" title="LaSalle—Émard—Verdun">LaSalle—Émard—Verdun</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie" title="Laurier—Sainte-Marie">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_(electoral_district)" title="Mount Royal (electoral district)">Mount Royal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Outremont_(electoral_district)" title="Outremont (electoral district)">Outremont</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Papineau_(electoral_district)" title="Papineau (electoral district)">Papineau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds%E2%80%94Dollard" title="Pierrefonds—Dollard">Pierrefonds—Dollard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rosemont%E2%80%94La_Petite-Patrie_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie (federal electoral district)">Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Saint-Laurent (federal electoral district)">Saint-Laurent</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9onard%E2%80%94Saint-Michel" title="Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel">Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ville-Marie%E2%80%94Le_Sud-Ouest%E2%80%94%C3%8Ele-des-S%C5%93urs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Sœurs">Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Sœurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Quebec provincial electoral districts">Provincial riding</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Acadie_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acadie (provincial electoral district)">Acadie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anjou%E2%80%93Louis-Riel_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anjou–Louis-Riel (provincial electoral district)">Anjou–Louis-Riel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bourassa-Sauv%C3%A9_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourassa-Sauvé (provincial electoral district)">Bourassa-Sauvé</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Camille-Laurin_(electoral_district)" title="Camille-Laurin (electoral district)">Camille-Laurin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9mazie_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crémazie (provincial electoral district)">Crémazie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/D%27Arcy-McGee" title="D'Arcy-McGee">D'Arcy-McGee</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gouin_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gouin (provincial electoral district)">Gouin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hochelaga-Maisonneuve_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (provincial electoral district)">Hochelaga-Maisonneuve</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jeanne-Mance%E2%80%93Viger_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeanne-Mance–Viger (provincial electoral district)">Jeanne-Mance–Viger</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/LaFontaine_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="LaFontaine (provincial electoral district)">LaFontaine</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laurier-Dorion_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurier-Dorion (provincial electoral district)">Laurier-Dorion</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marguerite-Bourgeoys_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite-Bourgeoys (provincial electoral district)">Marguerite-Bourgeoys</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marquette_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Marquette (provincial electoral district)">Marquette</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mercier_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Mercier (provincial electoral district)">Mercier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mont-Royal_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Mont-Royal (provincial electoral district)">Mont-Royal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nelligan_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelligan (provincial electoral district)">Nelligan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce (provincial electoral district)">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Outremont_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Outremont (provincial electoral district)">Outremont</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pointe-aux-Trembles_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointe-aux-Trembles (provincial electoral district)">Pointe-aux-Trembles</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Robert-Baldwin_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert-Baldwin (provincial electoral district)">Robert-Baldwin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rosemont_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Rosemont (provincial electoral district)">Rosemont</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Henri%E2%80%93Sainte-Anne_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne (provincial electoral district)">Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Saint-Laurent (provincial electoral district)">Saint-Laurent</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie%E2%80%93Saint-Jacques_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques (provincial electoral district)">Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A9treaultville_(provincial_electoral_district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tétreaultville (provincial electoral district) (page does not exist)">Tétreaultville</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Verdun_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Verdun (provincial electoral district)">Verdun</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Viau_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viau (provincial electoral district)">Viau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Westmount%E2%80%93Saint-Louis_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount–Saint-Louis (provincial electoral district)">Westmount–Saint-Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List of MPs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sameer_Zuberi" title="Sameer Zuberi">Sameer Zuberi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu" title="Mario Beaulieu">Mario Beaulieu</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Boulerice" title="Alexandre Boulerice">Alexandre Boulerice</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Martinez_Ferrada" title="Soraya Martinez Ferrada">Soraya Martinez Ferrada</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anju_Dhillon" title="Anju Dhillon">Anju Dhillon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Lattanzio" title="Patricia Lattanzio">Patricia Lattanzio</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Dubourg" title="Emmanuel Dubourg">Emmanuel Dubourg</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau">Marc Garneau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Housefather" title="Anthony Housefather">Anthony Housefather</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Mélanie Joly</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuella_Lambropoulos" title="Emmanuella Lambropoulos">Emmanuella Lambropoulos</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/David_Lametti" title="David Lametti">David Lametti</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Guilbeault" title="Steven Guilbeault">Steven Guilbeault</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Miller_(politician)" title="Marc Miller (politician)">Marc Miller</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(Canadian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pablo Rodríguez (Canadian politician)">Pablo Rodríguez</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Scarpaleggia" title="Francis Scarpaleggia">Francis Scarpaleggia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bendayan" title="Rachel Bendayan">Rachel Bendayan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-statcan_2023-8">[8]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Quebec">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">431.50 km2 (166.60 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">365.13 km2 (140.98 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-cp2011-PC-9">[9]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,293.99 km2 (499.61 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-cp2011-CA-10">[10]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,604.26 km2 (1,777.71 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">233 m (764 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 m (20 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2023)<a href="#cite_note-statcan_2023-8">[8]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Quebec">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,124,865 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_population_centres_in_Canada" title="List of the largest population centres in Canada">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,828.3/km2 (12,505/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-cp2016-CA-11">[11]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,291,732 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">919/km2 (2,380/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Montrealer Montréalais(e)<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (EDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian postal code">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_H_postal_codes_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of H postal codes of Canada">H</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">H1A, H1C-H3N, H3S-H3W, H4A-H4T, H4Z-H5B, H8R-H8Z, H9C-H9E, H9H, H9K</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_514,_438_and_263" class="mw-redirect" title="Area codes 514, 438 and 263">514, 438 and 263</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Police</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Service_de_police_de_la_Ville_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Service de police de la Ville de Montréal">SPVM</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> (Montreal <abbr title="Census metropolitan area">CMA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data">CA$228.71 billion (2020)<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP per capita (Montreal <abbr title="Census metropolitan area">CMA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data">CA$48,289 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montreal.ca/en/">montreal.ca/en/</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Montreal<a href="#cite_note-18">[a]</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Quebec" title="List of towns in Quebec">largest city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">second-largest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population" title="List of North American cities by population">ninth-largest</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Founded in 1642 as <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ville-Marie" title="Fort Ville-Marie">Ville-Marie</a>, or "City of Mary",<a href="#cite_note-vieux.montreal.qc.ca-19">[18]</a> it is now named after <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal" title="Mount Royal">Mount Royal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-montreal.about.com-20">[19]</a> the triple-peaked mountain around which the early settlement was built.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> The city is centred on the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montreal" title="Island of Montreal">Island of Montreal</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> and a few, much smaller, peripheral islands, the largest of which is <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Bizard" title="Île Bizard">Île Bizard</a>. The city is 196 km (122 mi) east of the national capital, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, and 258 km (160 mi) southwest of the provincial capital, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>. As of 2021,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit">[update]</a> the city had a population of 1,762,949,<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Census_Metropolitan_Area#Census_metropolitan_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Census Metropolitan Area">metropolitan</a> population of 4,291,732,<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">second-largest</a> metropolitan area in Canada. <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> is the city's official language.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> In 2021, 85.7% of the population of the city of Montreal considered themselves fluent in French while 90.2% could speak it in the metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Montreal is one of the most <a href="/wiki/Bilingualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingualism">bilingual</a> cities in Quebec and Canada, with 58.5% of the population able to speak both French and English.<a href="#cite_note-cp2016-CD-30">[29]</a> Historically the commercial capital of Canada, Montreal was surpassed in population and economic strength by <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> It remains an important centre of art, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montreal" title="Culture of Montreal">culture</a>, literature, <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Montreal" title="List of films shot in Montreal">film</a> and television, music, commerce, aerospace, <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Montreal" title="Transportation in Montreal">transport</a>, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Montreal" title="Education in Montreal">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Montreal" title="Tourism in Montreal">tourism</a>, food, fashion, video game development, and world affairs. Montreal is the location of the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a>, and was named a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Design_Cities_(UNESCO)" title="Design Cities (UNESCO)">City of Design</a> in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Monocle-33">[32]</a> In 2017, Montreal was ranked the 12th-most livable city in the world by the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> in its annual <a href="/wiki/Global_Liveability_Ranking" title="Global Liveability Ranking">Global Liveability Ranking</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> although its ranking slipped to 40th in the 2021 index, primarily due to stress on the healthcare system from the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> It is regularly ranked as one of the ten best cities in the world to be a university student in the <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-test-36">[35]</a> In 2018, Montreal was ranked as a <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">global city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Montreal has hosted numerous important international events, including the <a href="/wiki/Expo_67" title="Expo 67">1967 International and Universal Exposition</a>, and is the only Canadian city to have hosted the Summer Olympics, having done so <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">in 1976</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> The city hosts the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="Canadian Grand Prix">Canadian Grand Prix</a> of <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>;<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal International Jazz Festival</a>,<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> the largest jazz festival in the world;<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Just_for_Laughs" title="Just for Laughs">Just for Laughs</a> festival, the largest comedy festival in the world;<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Les_Francos_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Les Francos de Montréal">Les Francos de Montréal</a>, the largest French-language music festival in the world.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Montreal" title="Sports in Montreal">sports</a>, it is home to multiple professional teams, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Canadiens</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>, who have won the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> a record 24 times. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_original_names">Etymology and original names</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and original names">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Montreal" title="Name of Montreal">Name of Montreal</a></div> In the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe language</a>, the land is called Mooniyaang<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> or Moon’yaang<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> which was "the first stopping place" in the Ojibwe migration story as related in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_fires_prophecy" title="Seven fires prophecy">seven fires prophecy</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_language" title="Mohawk language">Mohawk language</a>, the land is called Tiohtià:ke.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-concordia-land-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> This is an abbreviation of Teionihtiohtiá:kon, which loosely translates as "where the group divided/parted ways."<a href="#cite_note-concordia-land-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> French settlers from <a href="/wiki/La_Fl%C3%A8che" title="La Flèche">La Flèche</a> in the Loire valley first named their new town, founded in 1642, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ville-Marie" title="Fort Ville-Marie">Ville Marie</a> ("City of Mary"),<a href="#cite_note-vieux.montreal.qc.ca-19">[18]</a> named for the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> The current form of the name, Montréal, is generally thought to be derived from Mount Royal (Mont Royal in French),<a href="#cite_note-montreal.about.com-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-53">[52]</a> the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. There are multiple explanations for how Mont Royal became Montréal. In 16th century French, the forms réal and royal were used interchangeably, so Montréal could simply be a variant of Mont Royal.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-montrealgazette.com-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> In the second explanation, the name came from an Italian translation. Venetian geographer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Ramusio" title="Giovanni Battista Ramusio">Giovanni Battista Ramusio</a> used the name Monte Real to designate Mount Royal in his 1556 map of the region.<a href="#cite_note-:0-53">[52]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Commission_de_toponymie_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Commission de toponymie du Québec">Commission de toponymie du Québec</a> disputes this explanation.<a href="#cite_note-montrealgazette.com-55">[54]</a> Historiographer François de Belleforest was the first to use the form Montréal with reference to the entire region in 1575.<a href="#cite_note-:0-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">History of Montreal</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Montreal_history" title="Timeline of Montreal history">Timeline of Montreal history</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-European_contact">Pre-European contact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-European contact">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Cartier_a_Hochelaga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Jacques_Cartier_a_Hochelaga.jpg/220px-Jacques_Cartier_a_Hochelaga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Jacques_Cartier_a_Hochelaga.jpg/330px-Jacques_Cartier_a_Hochelaga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Jacques_Cartier_a_Hochelaga.jpg/440px-Jacques_Cartier_a_Hochelaga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(village)" title="Hochelaga (village)">Hochelaga</a>. Arriving in 1535, Cartier was the first European to visit the area.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Archaeological" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological">Archaeological</a> evidence in the region indicates that <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> By the year AD 1000, they had started to cultivate <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>. Within a few hundred years, they had built <a href="/wiki/Fortified" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified">fortified</a> villages.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Iroquoians" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Iroquoians">Saint Lawrence Iroquoians</a>, an ethnically and culturally distinct group from the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> nations of the <a href="/wiki/Haudenosaunee" class="mw-redirect" title="Haudenosaunee">Haudenosaunee</a> (then based in present-day New York), established the <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(village)" title="Hochelaga (village)">village of Hochelaga</a> at the foot of Mount Royal two centuries before the French arrived. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at other locations in the valley since at least the 14th century.<a href="#cite_note-Tremblay-59">[58]</a> The French explorer Jacques Cartier visited Hochelaga on October 2, 1535, and estimated the population of the native people at Hochelaga to be "over a thousand people".<a href="#cite_note-Tremblay-59">[58]</a> Evidence of earlier occupation of the island, such as those uncovered in 1642 during the construction of Fort Ville-Marie, have effectively been removed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_European_settlement_(1600–1760)">Early European settlement (1600–1760)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early European settlement (1600–1760)">edit</a>]</div> In 1603, French explorer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a> reported that the St Lawrence Iroquoians and their settlements had disappeared altogether from the St Lawrence valley. This is believed to be due to outmigration, epidemics of European diseases, or intertribal wars.<a href="#cite_note-Tremblay-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> In 1611, Champlain established a <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a> <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading post</a> on the Island of Montreal on a site initially named La Place Royale. At the confluence of Petite Riviere and <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a>, it is where present-day <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Calli%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointe-à-Callière">Pointe-à-Callière</a> stands.<a href="#cite_note-Marsan-61">[60]</a> On his 1616 map, Champlain named the island Lille de Villemenon in honour of the sieur de Villemenon, a French dignitary who was seeking the viceroyship of New France.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> In 1639, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Le_Royer_de_La_Dauversi%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Jérôme Le Royer de La Dauversière">Jérôme Le Royer de La Dauversière</a> obtained the <a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">Seigneurial title</a> to the Island of Montreal in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_Notre-Dame_de_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Société de Notre-Dame de Montréal">Notre Dame Society of Montreal</a> to establish a Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Mission_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (Christian)">mission</a> to <a href="/wiki/Evangelize" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelize">evangelize</a> natives. <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_le_Royer_de_la_Dauversi%C3%A8re" title="Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière">Dauversière</a> hired <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chomedey_de_Maisonneuve" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve">Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve</a>, then age 30, to lead a group of colonists to build a mission on his new seigneury. The colonists left France in 1641 for Quebec and arrived on the island the following year. On May 17, 1642, Ville-Marie was founded on the southern shore of Montreal island, with Maisonneuve as its first governor. The settlement included a chapel and a hospital, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Mance" title="Jeanne Mance">Jeanne Mance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Miquelon-63">[62]</a> By 1643, Ville-Marie had come under Iroquois raids. In 1652, Maisonneuve returned to France to raise 100 volunteers to bolster the colonial population. If the effort had failed, Montreal was to be abandoned and the survivors re-located downriver to <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>. Before these 100 arrived in the fall of 1653, the population of Montreal was barely 50 people. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitulation_Montreal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Capitulation_Montreal.jpg/220px-Capitulation_Montreal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Capitulation_Montreal.jpg/330px-Capitulation_Montreal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Capitulation_Montreal.jpg/440px-Capitulation_Montreal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>French authorities surrender the city of Montreal to the British after the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Capitulation_of_Montreal" title="Articles of Capitulation of Montreal">Articles of Capitulation</a> was signed in 1760.</figcaption></figure> By 1685, Ville-Marie was home to some 600 colonists, most of them living in modest wooden houses. Ville-Marie became a centre for the <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> and a base for further <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">exploration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Miquelon-63">[62]</a> In 1689, the English-allied Iroquois <a href="/wiki/Lachine_massacre" title="Lachine massacre">attacked Lachine</a> on the Island of Montreal, committing the worst massacre in the history of New France.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> By the early 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/Sulpician_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulpician Order">Sulpician Order</a> was established there. To encourage French settlement, it wanted the Mohawk to move away from the fur trading post at Ville-Marie. It had a mission village, known as <a href="/wiki/Kahnewake" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahnewake">Kahnewake</a>, south of the St Lawrence River. The fathers persuaded some Mohawk to make a new settlement at their former hunting grounds north of the Ottawa River. This became <a href="/wiki/Kanesatake" title="Kanesatake">Kanesatake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> In 1745, several Mohawk families moved upriver to create another settlement, known as <a href="/wiki/Akwesasne" title="Akwesasne">Akwesasne</a>. All three are now Mohawk reserves in Canada. The Canadian territory was ruled as a French colony until 1760, when <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Campaign">Montreal fell to a British offensive</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. The colony then surrendered to Great Britain.<a href="#cite_note-Encarta-66">[65]</a> Ville-Marie was the name for the settlement that appeared in all official documents until 1705, when Montreal appeared for the first time, although people referred to the "Island of Montreal" long before then.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_occupation_(1775–1776)">American occupation (1775–1776)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: American occupation (1775–1776)">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Montreal">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (May 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> As part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">invasion of Quebec</a> resulted after <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Benedict Arnold</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Ticonderoga</a> in present-day upstate New York in May 1775 as a launching point to <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold%27s_expedition_to_Quebec" title="Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec">Arnold's invasion of Quebec in September</a>. While Arnold approached the <a href="/wiki/Plains_of_Abraham" title="Plains of Abraham">Plains of Abraham</a>, Montreal fell to American forces led by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Montgomery" title="Richard Montgomery">Richard Montgomery</a> on November 13, 1775, after it was abandoned by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Carleton,_1st_Baron_Dorchester" title="Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester">Guy Carleton</a>. After Arnold withdrew from Quebec City to <a href="/wiki/Pointe-aux-Trembles" title="Pointe-aux-Trembles">Pointe-aux-Trembles</a> on November 19, Montgomery's forces left Montreal on December 1 and arrived there on December 3 to plot to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Battle of Quebec (1775)">attack Quebec City</a>, with Montgomery leaving <a href="/wiki/David_Wooster" title="David Wooster">David Wooster</a> in charge of the city. Montgomery was killed in the failed attack and Arnold, who had taken command, sent Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Moses_Hazen" title="Moses Hazen">Moses Hazen</a> to inform Wooster of the defeat. Wooster left Hazen in command on March 20, 1776, as he left to replace Arnold in leading further attacks on Quebec City. On April 19, Arnold arrived in Montreal to take over command from Hazen, who remained as his second-in-command. Hazen sent Colonel <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Bedel" title="Timothy Bedel">Timothy Bedel</a> to form a garrison of 390 men 40 miles upriver in a garrison at <a href="/wiki/Les_C%C3%A8dres,_Quebec" title="Les Cèdres, Quebec">Les Cèdres, Quebec</a>, to defend Montreal against the British army. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Cedars" title="Battle of the Cedars">Battle of the Cedars</a>, Bedel's lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Butterfield" title="Isaac Butterfield">Isaac Butterfield</a> surrendered to George Forster. Forster advanced to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Senneville" title="Fort Senneville">Fort Senneville</a> on May 23. By May 24, Arnold was entrenched in <a href="/wiki/Lachine,_Quebec" title="Lachine, Quebec">Montreal's borough of Lachine</a>. Forster initially approached Lachine, then withdrew to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quinze-Ch%C3%AAnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quinze-Chênes (page does not exist)">Quinze-Chênes</a>. Arnold's forces then abandoned Lachine to chase Forster. The Americans burned Senneville on May 26. After Arnold crossed the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_River" title="Ottawa River">Ottawa River</a> in pursuit of Forster, Forster's cannons repelled Arnold's forces. Forster negotiated a prisoner exchange with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sherburne" title="Henry Sherburne">Henry Sherburne</a> and Isaac Butterfield, resulting in a May 27 boating of their deputy Lieutenant Park being returned to the Americans. Arnold and Forster negotiated further and more American prisoners were returned to Arnold at <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec">Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec</a>, ("Fort Anne") on May 30 (delayed two days by wind). Arnold eventually withdrew his forces back to the New York fort of Ticonderoga by the summer. On June 15, Arnold's messenger approaching <a href="/wiki/Sorel-Tracy" title="Sorel-Tracy">Sorel</a> spotted Carleton returning with a fleet of ships and notified him. Arnold's forces abandoned Montreal (attempting to burn it down in the process) prior to the June 17 arrival of Carleton's fleet. The Americans did not return British prisoners in exchange, as previously agreed, due to accusations of abuse, with Congress repudiating the agreement at the protest of George Washington. Arnold blamed Colonel Timothy Bedel for the defeat, removing him and Lieutenant Butterfield from command and sending them to Sorel for court-martial. The retreat of the American army delayed their court martial until August 1, 1776, when they were convicted and <a href="/wiki/Cashiered" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashiered">cashiered</a> at Ticonderoga. Bedel was given a new commission by Congress in October 1777 after Arnold was assigned to defend Rhode Island in <a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Benedict_Arnold,_1777%E2%80%931779" title="Military career of Benedict Arnold, 1777–1779">July 1777</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history_as_city_(1832–present)">Modern history as city (1832–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern history as city (1832–present)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Municipal_history_of_Quebec" title="Municipal history of Quebec">Municipal history of Quebec</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lachine_Canal,_Montreal,_1826.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lachine_Canal%2C_Montreal%2C_1826.jpg/220px-Lachine_Canal%2C_Montreal%2C_1826.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lachine_Canal%2C_Montreal%2C_1826.jpg/330px-Lachine_Canal%2C_Montreal%2C_1826.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lachine_Canal%2C_Montreal%2C_1826.jpg/440px-Lachine_Canal%2C_Montreal%2C_1826.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1129" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Lachine_Canal" title="Lachine Canal">Lachine Canal</a> in 1826, a year after it opened. It bypassed the rapids west of the city, linking Montreal with other continental markets.</figcaption></figure> Montreal was incorporated as a city in 1832.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> The opening of the Lachine Canal permitted ships to bypass the unnavigable <a href="/wiki/Lachine_Rapids" title="Lachine Rapids">Lachine Rapids</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Parks_Canada-69">[68]</a> while the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Bridge_(Montreal)" title="Victoria Bridge (Montreal)">Victoria Bridge</a> established Montreal as a major railway hub. The leaders of Montreal's business community had started to build their homes in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_Mile" title="Golden Square Mile">Golden Square Mile</a> from about 1850. By 1860, it was the largest municipality in <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> and the undisputed economic and cultural centre of Canada.<a href="#cite_note-ICAIS-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNAC-71">[70]</a> In the 19th century, maintaining Montreal's drinking water became increasingly difficult with the rapid increase in population. A majority of the drinking water was still coming from the city's harbour, which was busy and heavily trafficked, leading to the deterioration of the water within. In the mid-1840s, the City of Montreal installed a water system that would pump water from the St. Lawrence and into <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cisterns</a>. The cisterns would then be transported to the desired location. This was not the first water system of its type in Montreal, as there had been one in private ownership since 1801. In the middle of the 19th century, water distribution was carried out by "fontainiers". The fountainiers[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] would open and close water valves outside of buildings, as directed, all over the city. As they lacked modern plumbing systems it was impossible to connect all buildings at once and it also acted as a conservation method. However, the population was not finished rising — it rose from 58,000 in 1852 to 267,000 by 1901.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Incendie_Parlement_Montreal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Incendie_Parlement_Montreal.jpg/220px-Incendie_Parlement_Montreal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Incendie_Parlement_Montreal.jpg/330px-Incendie_Parlement_Montreal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Incendie_Parlement_Montreal.jpg/440px-Incendie_Parlement_Montreal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2986" /></a><figcaption>Political protests from <a href="/wiki/Tories" class="mw-redirect" title="Tories">Tories</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Parliament_Buildings_in_Montreal" title="Burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal">burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal</a> in 1849.</figcaption></figure> Montreal was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> from 1844 to 1849, but lost its status when a <a href="/wiki/Toryism#Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Toryism">Tory</a> mob <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Parliament_Buildings_in_Montreal" title="Burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal">burnt down the Parliament building</a> to protest the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_Losses_Bill" title="Rebellion Losses Bill">Rebellion Losses Bill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Thereafter, the capital rotated between Quebec City and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> until in 1857, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> herself established <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> as the capital due to strategic reasons. The reasons were twofold. First, because it was located more in the interior of the Province of Canada, it was less susceptible to attack from the United States. Second, and perhaps more importantly, because it lay on the border between French and English Canada, Ottawa was seen as a compromise between Montreal, Toronto, <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a> and Quebec City, which were all vying to become the young nation's official capital. Ottawa retained the status as capital of Canada when the Province of Canada joined with <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> to form the Dominion of Canada in 1867.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] An <a href="/wiki/Internment_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Internment camp">internment camp</a> was set up at Immigration Hall in Montreal from August 1914 to November 1918.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">prohibition</a> movement in the United States led to Montreal becoming a destination for Americans looking for <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcohol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-77">[76]</a> Unemployment remained high in the city and was exacerbated by the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash 1929">Stock Market Crash of 1929</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-conscription_parade_at_Victoria_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Anti-conscription_parade_at_Victoria_Square.jpg/220px-Anti-conscription_parade_at_Victoria_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Anti-conscription_parade_at_Victoria_Square.jpg/330px-Anti-conscription_parade_at_Victoria_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Anti-conscription_parade_at_Victoria_Square.jpg/440px-Anti-conscription_parade_at_Victoria_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>An anti-<a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> rally in Montreal, 1917. During both <a href="/wiki/World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wars">World Wars</a>, the city saw protest against the implementation of conscription.</figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Camillien_Houde" title="Camillien Houde">Camillien Houde</a> protested against conscription and urged Montrealers to disobey the federal government's registry of all men and women.<a href="#cite_note-MTAU-79">[78]</a> The federal government, part of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied forces</a>, was furious over Houde's stand and held him in a prison camp until 1944.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> That year, the government decided to institute conscription to expand the armed forces and fight the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>. (See <a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1944" title="Conscription Crisis of 1944">Conscription Crisis of 1944</a>.)<a href="#cite_note-MTAU-79">[78]</a> Montreal was the official residence of the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> royal family in exile during World War II.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> By 1951, Montreal's population had surpassed one million.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> However, Toronto's growth had begun challenging Montreal's status as the economic capital of Canada. Indeed, the volume of stocks traded at the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Toronto Stock Exchange</a> had already surpassed that traded at the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Stock Exchange">Montreal Stock Exchange</a> in the 1940s.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Seaway">Saint Lawrence Seaway</a> opened in 1959, allowing vessels to bypass Montreal. In time, this development led to the end of the city's economic dominance as businesses moved to other areas.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> During the 1960s, there was continued growth as Canada's tallest skyscrapers, new expressways and the subway system known as the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Montreal Metro</a> were finished during this time. Montreal also held the World's Fair of 1967, better known as <a href="/wiki/Expo67" class="mw-redirect" title="Expo67">Expo67</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephane_Prefontaine,_Sandra_Henderson_1976b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Stephane_Prefontaine%2C_Sandra_Henderson_1976b.jpg/170px-Stephane_Prefontaine%2C_Sandra_Henderson_1976b.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Stephane_Prefontaine%2C_Sandra_Henderson_1976b.jpg/255px-Stephane_Prefontaine%2C_Sandra_Henderson_1976b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Stephane_Prefontaine%2C_Sandra_Henderson_1976b.jpg/340px-Stephane_Prefontaine%2C_Sandra_Henderson_1976b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Lighting of the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Torch" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Torch">Olympic Torch</a> inside Montreal's <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a>. The city hosted the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a>.</figcaption></figure> The 1970s ushered in a period of wide-ranging social and political changes, stemming largely from the concerns of the <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French-speaking</a> majority about the conservation of their culture and language, given the traditional predominance of the <a href="/wiki/English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">English Canadian</a> minority in the business arena.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> The <a href="/wiki/October_Crisis" title="October Crisis">October Crisis</a> and the 1976 election of the <a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a>, which supported sovereign status for Quebec, resulted in the departure of many businesses and people from the city.<a href="#cite_note-RoughGuide-86">[85]</a> In 1976, Montreal hosted the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a>. While the event brought the city international prestige and attention, the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a> built for the event resulted in massive debt for the city.<a href="#cite_note-IOC-87">[86]</a> During the 1980s and early 1990s, Montreal experienced a slower rate of economic growth than many other major Canadian cities. Montreal was the site of the 1989 <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_massacre" title="École Polytechnique massacre">École Polytechnique massacre</a>, one of Canada's worst <a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">mass shootings</a>, where 25-year-old <a href="/wiki/Marc_L%C3%A9pine" title="Marc Lépine">Marc Lépine</a> shot and killed 14 people, all of them women, and wounded 14 other people before shooting himself at <a href="/wiki/Polytechnique_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Polytechnique Montréal">École Polytechnique</a>. Montreal was <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Merger">merged</a> with the 27 surrounding municipalities on the Island of Montreal on January 1, 2002, creating a unified city encompassing the entire island. There was substantial resistance from the suburbs to the merger, with the perception being that it was forced on the mostly English suburbs by the Parti Québécois. As expected, this move proved unpopular and several mergers were later rescinded. Several former municipalities, totalling 13% of the population of the island, voted to leave the unified city in separate <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendums</a> in June 2004. The demerger took place on January 1, 2006, leaving 15 municipalities on the island, including Montreal. Demerged municipalities remain affiliated with the city through an agglomeration council that collects taxes from them to pay for numerous shared services.<a href="#cite_note-Agglomeration_council-88">[87]</a> The 2002 mergers were not the first in the city's history. Montreal annexed 27 other cities, towns and villages beginning with <a href="/wiki/Mercier%E2%80%93Hochelaga-Maisonneuve#History" title="Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve">Hochelaga</a> in 1883, with the last prior to 2002 being <a href="/wiki/Pointe-aux-Trembles" title="Pointe-aux-Trembles">Pointe-aux-Trembles</a> in 1982. The 21st century has brought with it a revival of the city's economic and cultural landscape. The construction of new residential skyscrapers, two super-hospitals (the <a href="/wiki/Centre_hospitalier_de_l%27Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal">Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal</a> and <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Health_Centre" title="McGill University Health Centre">McGill University Health Centre</a>), the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Quartier_des_Spectacles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartier des Spectacles">Quartier des Spectacles</a>, reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Turcot_Interchange" title="Turcot Interchange">Turcot Interchange</a>, reconfiguration of the Decarie and Dorval interchanges, construction of the new <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_express_m%C3%A9tropolitain" title="Réseau express métropolitain">Réseau express métropolitain</a>, gentrification of <a href="/wiki/Griffintown" title="Griffintown">Griffintown</a>, subway line extensions and the purchase of new subway cars, the complete revitalization and expansion of <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Trudeau_International_Airport" title="Montréal–Trudeau International Airport">Trudeau International Airport</a>, the completion of <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_30" title="Quebec Autoroute 30">Quebec Autoroute 30</a>, the reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Champlain_Bridge,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Champlain Bridge, Montreal">Champlain Bridge</a> and the construction of a new toll bridge to Laval are helping Montreal continue to grow.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montreal" title="Geography of Montreal">Geography of Montreal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal_Canada_from_ISS014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Montreal_Canada_from_ISS014.jpg/220px-Montreal_Canada_from_ISS014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Montreal_Canada_from_ISS014.jpg/330px-Montreal_Canada_from_ISS014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Montreal_Canada_from_ISS014.jpg/440px-Montreal_Canada_from_ISS014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montreal" title="Island of Montreal">island of Montreal</a> at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_River" title="Ottawa River">Ottawa</a> rivers.</figcaption></figure> Montreal is in the southwest of the province of Quebec. The city covers most of the Island of Montreal at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers. The port of Montreal lies at one end of the Saint Lawrence Seaway, the river gateway that stretches from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> to the Atlantic.<a href="#cite_note-Great_Canadian_Rivers-89">[88]</a> Montreal is defined by its location between the Saint Lawrence river to its south and the <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Prairies" title="Rivière des Prairies">Rivière des Prairies</a> to its north. The city is named after the most prominent geographical feature on the island, a three-head mountain called Mount Royal, topped at 232 m (761 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Natural_Resources_Canada-90">[89]</a> Montreal is at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Montreal Metropolitan Community</a>, and is bordered by the city of <a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a> to the north; <a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Lambert,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Lambert, Quebec">Saint-Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brossard" title="Brossard">Brossard</a>, and other municipalities to the south; <a href="/wiki/Repentigny,_Quebec" title="Repentigny, Quebec">Repentigny</a> to the east and the <a href="/wiki/West_Island" title="West Island">West Island</a> municipalities to the west. The <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">anglophone</a> enclaves of <a href="/wiki/Westmount,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount, Quebec">Westmount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal_West,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal West, Quebec">Montreal West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampstead,_Quebec" title="Hampstead, Quebec">Hampstead</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_Saint-Luc" title="Côte Saint-Luc">Côte Saint-Luc</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal,_Quebec" title="Mount Royal, Quebec">Town of Mount Royal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">francophone</a> enclave <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Est,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Est, Quebec">Montreal East</a> are all surrounded by Montreal.<a href="#cite_note-City_Map-91">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Montreal is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Warm-summer_humid_continental_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Warm-summer humid continental climate">warm-summer humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: Dfb).<a href="#cite_note-Köppen-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Climate-Data.org-93">[92]</a> Summers are warm to hot and humid with a daily maximum average of 26 to 27 °C (79 to 81 °F) in July; temperatures in excess of 30 °C (86 °F) are common. Conversely, cold fronts can bring crisp, drier and windy weather in the early and later parts of summer. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal_Winter_Snowing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Montreal_Winter_Snowing.jpg/220px-Montreal_Winter_Snowing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Montreal_Winter_Snowing.jpg/330px-Montreal_Winter_Snowing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Montreal_Winter_Snowing.jpg/440px-Montreal_Winter_Snowing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Winters in Montreal bring cold, snowy, windy, and at times, icy weather.</figcaption></figure> Winter brings cold, snowy, windy, and, at times, icy weather, with a daily average ranging from −10.5 to −9 °C (13.1 to 15.8 °F) in January. However, some winter days rise above freezing, allowing for rain on an average of 4 days in January and February each. Usually, snow covering some or all bare ground lasts on average from the first or second week of December until the last week of March.<a href="#cite_note-CurrentResults.com-94">[93]</a> While the air temperature does not fall below −30 °C (−22 °F) every year,<a href="#cite_note-Montreal_Weather_Data-95">[94]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Wind_chill" title="Wind chill">wind chill</a> often makes the temperature feel this low to exposed skin. Spring and fall are pleasantly mild but prone to drastic temperature changes; spring even more so than fall.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> Late season heat waves as well as "<a href="/wiki/Indian_summer" title="Indian summer">Indian summers</a>" are possible. Early and late season snow storms can occur in November and March, and more rarely in April. Montreal is generally snow free from late April to late October. However, snow can fall in early to mid-October as well as early to mid-May on rare occasions. The lowest temperature in Environment Canada's books was −37.8 °C (−36 °F) on January 15, 1957, and the highest temperature was 37.6 °C (99.7 °F) on August 1, 1975, both at <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport">Dorval International Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> Before modern weather record keeping (which dates back to 1871 for McGill),<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> a minimum temperature almost 5 degrees lower was recorded at 7 a.m. on January 10, 1859, where it registered at −42 °C (−44 °F).<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> Annual precipitation is around 1,000 mm (39 in), including an average of about 210 cm (83 in) of snowfall, which occurs from November through March. Thunderstorms are common from late spring through summer to early fall; additionally, tropical storms or their remnants can cause heavy rains and gales. Montreal averages 2,050 hours of sunshine annually, with summer being the sunniest season, though slightly wetter than the others in terms of total precipitation—mostly from thunderstorms.<a href="#cite_note-PET_stats-100">[99]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montreal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Trudeau_International_Airport" title="Montréal–Trudeau International Airport">Montréal–Trudeau International Airport</a>) <a href="/wiki/Location_identifier#WMO_station_identifiers" title="Location identifier">WMO ID</a>: 71627; coordinates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montreal&params=45_28_N_73_45_W_type:airport_region:CA-QC&title=Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Trudeau+International+Airport">45°28′N 73°45′W / 45.467°N 73.750°W / 45.467; -73.750 (Montréal–Trudeau International Airport)</a>; elevation: 36 m (118 ft); 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1941−present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high <a href="/wiki/Humidex" title="Humidex">humidex</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9 </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.0 </td> <td style="background: #C30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.8 </td> <td style="background: #B50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.8 </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8 </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 </td> <td style="background: #B50000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6 (97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1 (97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6 (99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5 (92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.6 (99.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 (23.0) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 (36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 (43.0) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2 (29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.2 (15.4) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0 (17.6) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0 (28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 (43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 (48.0) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 (36.1) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 (23.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.5 (7.7) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.4 (9.7) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5 (20.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 (46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 (40.1) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.7 (16.3) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.3 (36.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #1A1AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−37.8 (−36.0) </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33.9 (−29.0) </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.4 (−20.9) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0 (5.0) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4 (24.1) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 (43.0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 (37.9) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2 (28.0) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2 (19.0) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.4 (−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #3737FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.4 (−26.3) </td> <td style="background: #1A1AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−37.8 (−36.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low <a href="/wiki/Wind_chill" title="Wind chill">wind chill</a> </th> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−49.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−46.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−42.9 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26.3 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.6 </td> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−46.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−49.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.8 (3.38) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.5 (2.58) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.2 (3.04) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.0 (3.54) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.6 (3.37) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.6 (3.29) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.1 (3.59) </td> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.6 (3.69) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.2 (3.51) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.1 (4.06) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.2 (3.31) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.9 (3.62) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,040.8 (40.98) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CEFFCE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (1.29) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (0.67) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3 (1.47) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.9 (2.95) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.6 (3.37) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.6 (3.29) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.2 (3.59) </td> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.6 (3.69) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.2 (3.51) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.6 (4.00) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4 (2.65) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.2 (1.74) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">818.3 (32.22) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.0 (20.5) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.1 (18.5) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.1 (14.6) </td> <td style="background: #1BFF1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (5.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #04FF04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (6.4) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.2 (19.0) </td> <td style="background: #00EC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">216.6 (85.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) </th> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.1 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.8 </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">163.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">119.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) </th> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.04 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.63 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 1500 <abbr title="Local standard time">LST</abbr>) </th> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1 </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0 </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.8 </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.7 </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.8 </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.6 </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5 </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.1 </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.2 </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.4 </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.4 </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.9 </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #ADAD93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.2 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.8 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">164.3 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.3 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.9 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.3 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">271.5 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">246.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.2 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.5 </td> <td style="background: #9D9D9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.6 </td> <td style="background: #989898; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.6 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,051.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7 </td> <td style="background: #F4F419; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.7 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.6 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.3 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.2 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada" title="Environment and Climate Change Canada">Environment and Climate Change Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-ECCC-101">[100]</a> (sun 1981–2010)<a href="#cite_note-YULstats-102">[101]</a> (November maximum)<a href="#cite_note-November_2022-103">[102]</a> (November humidex)<a href="#cite_note-November_5,_2022-104">[103]</a> and Weather Atlas (UV index)<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Montreal" title="Architecture of Montreal">Architecture of Montreal</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Montreal">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieux-Montr%C3%A9al_(525744602).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vieux-Montr%C3%A9al_%28525744602%29.jpg/220px-Vieux-Montr%C3%A9al_%28525744602%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vieux-Montr%C3%A9al_%28525744602%29.jpg/330px-Vieux-Montr%C3%A9al_%28525744602%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vieux-Montr%C3%A9al_%28525744602%29.jpg/440px-Vieux-Montr%C3%A9al_%28525744602%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Many colonial era buildings can be found in <a href="/wiki/Old_Montreal" title="Old Montreal">Old Montreal</a> with several dating as far back as the late 17th century.</figcaption></figure> For over a century and a half, Montreal was the industrial and financial centre of Canada.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> This legacy has left a variety of buildings including factories, <a href="/wiki/Grain_elevators" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain elevators">elevators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warehouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Warehouses">warehouses</a>, mills, and <a href="/wiki/Refineries" class="mw-redirect" title="Refineries">refineries</a>, that today provide an invaluable insight into the city's history, especially in the downtown area and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Montreal" title="Old Port of Montreal">Old Port</a> area. There are 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Montreal" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Montreal">National Historic Sites of Canada</a>, more than any other city.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> Some of the city's earliest still-standing buildings date back to the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Although most are clustered around the <a href="/wiki/Old_Montreal" title="Old Montreal">Old Montreal</a> area, such as the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice_Seminary_(Montreal)" title="Saint-Sulpice Seminary (Montreal)">Sulpician Seminary</a> adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Basilica_(Montreal)" title="Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)">Notre-Dame Basilica</a> that dates back to 1687, and <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Ramezay" title="Château Ramezay">Château Ramezay</a>, which was built in 1705, examples of early colonial architecture are dotted throughout the city. Situated in Lachine, the <a href="/wiki/LeBer-LeMoyne_House" title="LeBer-LeMoyne House">Le Ber-Le Moyne House</a> is the oldest complete building in the city, built between 1669 and 1671. In <a href="/wiki/Point_St._Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Point St. Charles">Point St. Charles</a>, visitors can see the <a href="/wiki/Maison_Saint-Gabriel" title="Maison Saint-Gabriel">Maison Saint-Gabriel</a>, which can trace its history back to 1698.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> There are many historic buildings in Old Montreal in their original form: Notre-Dame Basilica, <a href="/wiki/Bonsecours_Market" title="Bonsecours Market">Bonsecours Market</a>, and the 19th‑century headquarters of all major Canadian banks on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Jacques_Street" title="Saint Jacques Street">St. James Street</a> (French: Rue Saint Jacques). Montreal's earliest buildings are characterized by their uniquely French influence and grey stone construction.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Habitat-67_side_view_with_holes_visible_in_the_structure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Habitat-67_side_view_with_holes_visible_in_the_structure.jpg/220px-Habitat-67_side_view_with_holes_visible_in_the_structure.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Habitat-67_side_view_with_holes_visible_in_the_structure.jpg/330px-Habitat-67_side_view_with_holes_visible_in_the_structure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Habitat-67_side_view_with_holes_visible_in_the_structure.jpg/440px-Habitat-67_side_view_with_holes_visible_in_the_structure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="1143" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Habitat_67" title="Habitat 67">Habitat 67</a> is a model community and housing complex developed for <a href="/wiki/Expo_67" title="Expo 67">Expo 67</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="World Fair">World Fair</a>.</figcaption></figure> A few notable examples of the city's 20th-century architecture include <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Oratory" title="Saint Joseph's Oratory">Saint Joseph's Oratory</a>, completed in 1967, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cormier" title="Ernest Cormier">Ernest Cormier</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a> main building, the landmark <a href="/wiki/Place_Ville_Marie" title="Place Ville Marie">Place Ville Marie</a> office tower, and the controversial <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a> and surrounding structures. Pavilions designed for the 1967 International and Universal Exposition, popularly known as <a href="/wiki/Expo_67" title="Expo 67">Expo 67</a>, featured a wide range of architectural designs. Though most pavilions were temporary structures, several have become landmarks, including <a href="/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller" title="Buckminster Fuller">Buckminster Fuller</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Geodesic_dome" title="Geodesic dome">geodesic dome</a> U.S. Pavilion, now the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Biosphere" title="Montreal Biosphere">Montreal Biosphere</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Safdie" title="Moshe Safdie">Moshe Safdie</a>'s striking <a href="/wiki/Habitat_67" title="Habitat 67">Habitat 67</a> apartment complex.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Montreal Metro</a> has public artwork by some of the biggest names in <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Quebec" title="Culture of Quebec">Quebec culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> In 2006, Montreal was named a <a href="/wiki/Design_Cities_(UNESCO)" title="Design Cities (UNESCO)">UNESCO City of Design</a>, one of only three design capitals in the world (the others being <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>).<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-32">[31]</a> This distinguished title recognizes Montreal's design community. Since 2005, the city has been home to the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Graphic_Design_Associations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Council of Graphic Design Associations">International Council of Graphic Design Associations</a> (Icograda)<a href="#cite_note-ICOGRADA-111">[110]</a> and the International Design Alliance (IDA).<a href="#cite_note-BNET-112">[111]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Underground_City,_Montreal" title="Underground City, Montreal">Underground City</a> (officially RÉSO), an important tourist attraction, is an underground network connecting shopping centres, pedestrian thoroughfares, universities, hotels, restaurants, bistros, subway stations and more, in and around downtown with 32 km (20 mi) of tunnels over 12 km2 (4.6 sq mi) in the most densely populated part of Montreal.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neighbourhoods">Neighbourhoods</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Montreal" title="List of neighbourhoods in Montreal">List of neighbourhoods in Montreal</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal" title="Boroughs of Montreal">Boroughs of Montreal</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Montreal">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArrondissementsQuartiersMontreal_200802.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ArrondissementsQuartiersMontreal_200802.svg/220px-ArrondissementsQuartiersMontreal_200802.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ArrondissementsQuartiersMontreal_200802.svg/330px-ArrondissementsQuartiersMontreal_200802.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ArrondissementsQuartiersMontreal_200802.svg/440px-ArrondissementsQuartiersMontreal_200802.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>Map of boroughs & neighbourhoods on the island of Montreal.</figcaption></figure> The city is composed of 19 large <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal" title="Boroughs of Montreal">boroughs</a>, subdivided into neighbourhoods.<a href="#cite_note-Bits-113">[112]</a> The boroughs are: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges%E2%80%93Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" title="Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce">Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Plateau-Mont-Royal" title="Le Plateau-Mont-Royal">Le Plateau-Mont-Royal</a> (The Plateau Mount Royal), <a href="/wiki/Outremont_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outremont (borough)">Outremont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ville-Marie_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ville-Marie (Montreal)">Ville-Marie</a> in the centre; <a href="/wiki/Mercier%E2%80%93Hochelaga-Maisonneuve" title="Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve">Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosemont%E2%80%93La_Petite-Patrie" title="Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie">Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villeray%E2%80%93Saint-Michel%E2%80%93Parc-Extension" title="Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension">Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension</a> in the east; <a href="/wiki/Anjou_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anjou (borough)">Anjou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Nord" title="Montréal-Nord">Montréal-Nord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-des-Prairies%E2%80%93Pointe-aux-Trembles" title="Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles">Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9onard,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Léonard, Quebec">Saint-Léonard</a> in the northeast; <a href="/wiki/Ahuntsic-Cartierville" title="Ahuntsic-Cartierville">Ahuntsic-Cartierville</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Bizard%E2%80%93Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve" title="L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève">L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds-Roxboro" title="Pierrefonds-Roxboro">Pierrefonds-Roxboro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Laurent (borough)">Saint-Laurent</a> in the northwest; and <a href="/wiki/Lachine_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachine (borough)">Lachine</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaSalle_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="LaSalle (borough)">LaSalle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Sud-Ouest" title="Le Sud-Ouest">Le Sud-Ouest</a> (The Southwest) and <a href="/wiki/Verdun_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdun (borough)">Verdun</a> in the south.<a href="#cite_note-Boroughs-114">[113]</a> Many of these boroughs were independent cities that were forced to merge with Montreal in January 2002 following the <a href="/wiki/2002-2006_municipal_reorganization_of_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="2002-2006 municipal reorganization of Montreal">2002 municipal reorganization of Montreal</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal_August_2017_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Montreal_August_2017_05.jpg/220px-Montreal_August_2017_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Montreal_August_2017_05.jpg/330px-Montreal_August_2017_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Montreal_August_2017_05.jpg/440px-Montreal_August_2017_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5852" data-file-height="3292" /></a><figcaption>A view of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Montreal" title="Downtown Montreal">Downtown Montreal</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal" title="Mount Royal">Mount Royal</a>. Many neighbourhoods, including downtown, are in the borough of <a href="/wiki/Ville-Marie,_Montreal" title="Ville-Marie, Montreal">Ville-Marie</a>.</figcaption></figure> The borough with the most neighbourhoods is Ville-Marie, which includes downtown, the historic district of Old Montreal, <a href="/wiki/Chinatown_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown (Montreal)">Chinatown</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gay_Village,_Montreal" title="Gay Village, Montreal">Gay Village</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Quartier_Latin,_Montreal" title="Quartier Latin, Montreal">Latin Quarter</a>, the gentrified <a href="/wiki/Quartier_international_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Quartier international de Montréal">Quartier international</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_Multim%C3%A9dia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cité Multimédia">Cité Multimédia</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Quartier_des_spectacles" title="Quartier des spectacles">Quartier des spectacles</a> which is under development.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">as of?</a>] Other neighbourhoods of interest in the borough include the affluent <a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_Mile" title="Golden Square Mile">Golden Square Mile</a> neighbourhood at the foot of Mount Royal and the <a href="/wiki/Shaughnessy_Village" title="Shaughnessy Village">Shaughnessy Village</a>/<a href="/wiki/Quartier_Concordia" title="Quartier Concordia">Concordia U</a> area home to thousands of students at <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordia University (Montreal)">Concordia University</a>. The borough also comprises most of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Royal Park">Mount Royal Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helen%27s_Island" title="Saint Helen's Island">Saint Helen's Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Notre-Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="Île Notre-Dame">Notre-Dame Island</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Plateau Mount Royal borough was a working class francophone area. The largest neighbourhood is <a href="/wiki/The_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="The Plateau">the Plateau</a> (not to be confused with the whole borough), which was undergoing considerable gentrification as of 2009,<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> and a 2001 study deemed it as Canada's most creative neighbourhood because artists comprise 8% of its labour force.<a href="#cite_note-Hill-116">[115]</a> The neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Mile_End,_Montreal" title="Mile End, Montreal">Mile End</a> in the northwestern part of the borough has been a very multicultural area of the city, and features two of Montreal's well-known <a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel" title="Montreal-style bagel">bagel establishments</a>, <a href="/wiki/St-Viateur_Bagel" title="St-Viateur Bagel">St-Viateur Bagel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fairmount_Bagel" title="Fairmount Bagel">Fairmount Bagel</a>. The <a href="/wiki/McGill_Ghetto" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill Ghetto">McGill Ghetto</a> is in the extreme southwestern portion of the borough, its name being derived from the fact that it is home to thousands of <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> students and faculty members.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Southwest borough was home to much of the city's industry during the late 19th and early-to-mid 20th century. The borough included <a href="/wiki/Goose_Village,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Goose Village, Montreal">Goose Village</a> and was historically home to the traditionally working-class <a href="/wiki/Irish_Quebecer" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Quebecer">Irish</a> neighbourhoods of <a href="/wiki/Griffintown" title="Griffintown">Griffintown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pointe-Saint-Charles" title="Pointe-Saint-Charles">Point Saint Charles</a> as well as the low-income neighbourhoods of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Henri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Henri">Saint Henri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Burgundy" title="Little Burgundy">Little Burgundy</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Other notable neighbourhoods include the multicultural areas of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges" title="Côte-des-Neiges">Côte-des-Neiges</a> in the Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grace borough, and <a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Montreal" title="Little Italy, Montreal">Little Italy</a> in the borough of Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie and <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga-Maisonneuve" title="Hochelaga-Maisonneuve">Hochelaga-Maisonneuve</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Stadium, Montreal">Olympic Stadium</a> in the borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Montreal">Old Montreal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Old Montreal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Montreal" title="Old Montreal">Old Montreal</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Montreal">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Place_Jacques-Cartier_Jan_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Place_Jacques-Cartier_Jan_2006.jpg/220px-Place_Jacques-Cartier_Jan_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Place_Jacques-Cartier_Jan_2006.jpg/330px-Place_Jacques-Cartier_Jan_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Place_Jacques-Cartier_Jan_2006.jpg/440px-Place_Jacques-Cartier_Jan_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2059" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Place_Jacques-Cartier" title="Place Jacques-Cartier">Place Jacques-Cartier</a> is a major <a href="/wiki/Public_square" class="mw-redirect" title="Public square">public square</a> and attraction in <a href="/wiki/Old_Montreal" title="Old Montreal">Old Montreal</a>.</figcaption></figure> Old Montreal is a historic area southeast of downtown containing many attractions such as the <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Montreal" title="Old Port of Montreal">Old Port of Montreal</a>, Place Jacques-Cartier, <a href="/wiki/Montreal_City_Hall" title="Montreal City Hall">Montreal City Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bonsecours_Market" title="Bonsecours Market">Bonsecours Market</a>, Place d'Armes, <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Calli%C3%A8re_Museum" title="Pointe-à-Callière Museum">Pointe-à-Callière Museum</a>, the Notre-Dame de Montréal Basilica, and the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Science_Centre" title="Montreal Science Centre">Montreal Science Centre</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Architecture and cobbled streets in Old Montreal have been maintained or restored. Old Montreal is accessible from the downtown core via the <a href="/wiki/Underground_city,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground city, Montreal">underground city</a> and is served by several <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Société de transport de Montréal">STM</a> bus routes and Metro stations, ferries to the South Shore and a network of bicycle paths.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The riverside area adjacent to Old Montreal is known as the Old Port. It was once the site of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Montreal" title="Port of Montreal">Port of Montreal</a>, but its shipping operations have been moved to a larger site downstream, leaving the former location as a recreational and historical area maintained by <a href="/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</a>. The new Port of Montreal is Canada's largest container port and the largest inland port on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mount_Royal">Mount Royal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mount Royal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal" title="Mount Royal">Mount Royal</a></div> The mountain is the site of Mount Royal Park, one of Montreal's largest <a href="/wiki/Open_space_reserve" title="Open space reserve">greenspaces</a>. The park, most of which is wooded, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a>, who also designed New York's <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>, and was inaugurated in 1876.<a href="#cite_note-LesAmisDeLaMontagne-118">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mtroyal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mtroyal.jpg/220px-Mtroyal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mtroyal.jpg/330px-Mtroyal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mtroyal.jpg/440px-Mtroyal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Mont-Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont-Royal">Mont-Royal</a>'s eastern slope from the <a href="/wiki/George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier_Monument" title="George-Étienne Cartier Monument">George-Étienne Cartier Monument</a>. The park is one of Montreal's largest <a href="/wiki/Open_space_reserve" title="Open space reserve">open space reserves</a>.</figcaption></figure> The park contains two <a href="/wiki/Belvedere_(structure)" title="Belvedere (structure)">belvederes</a>, the more prominent of which is the Kondiaronk Belvedere, a semicircular plaza with a <a href="/wiki/Chalet" title="Chalet">chalet</a> overlooking Downtown Montreal. Other features of the park are Beaver Lake, a small man-made lake, a short <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">ski</a> <a href="/wiki/Ski_slope" class="mw-redirect" title="Ski slope">slope</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">sculpture garden</a>, Smith House, an <a href="/wiki/Interpretive_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretive centre">interpretive centre</a>, and a well-known <a href="/wiki/George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier_Monument" title="George-Étienne Cartier Monument">monument to Sir George-Étienne Cartier</a>. The park hosts athletic, tourist and cultural activities. The mountain is home to two major cemeteries, Notre-Dame-des-Neiges (founded in 1854) and Mount Royal (1852). <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_Cemetery" title="Mount Royal Cemetery">Mount Royal Cemetery</a> is a 165 acres (67 ha) terraced cemetery on the north slope of Mount Royal in the borough of Outremont. <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_des_Neiges_Cemetery" title="Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery">Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery</a> is much larger, predominantly French-Canadian and officially Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> More than 900,000 people are buried there.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> Mount Royal Cemetery contains more than 162,000 graves and is the final resting place for a number of notable Canadians. It includes a veterans section with several soldiers who were awarded the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>'s highest military honour, the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a>. In 1901, the Mount Royal Cemetery Company established the first crematorium in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-MountRoyalCemetery-121">[120]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_Cross" title="Mount Royal Cross">cross</a> on the mountain was placed there in 1643 by Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, the founder of the city, in fulfilment of a vow he made to the <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Virgin Mary</a> when <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">praying</a> to her to stop a disastrous flood.<a href="#cite_note-LesAmisDeLaMontagne-118">[117]</a> Today, the mountain is crowned by a 31.4 m-high (103 ft) illuminated cross, installed in 1924 by the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Saint-Jean-Baptiste" class="mw-redirect" title="Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste">John the Baptist Society</a> and now owned by the city.<a href="#cite_note-LesAmisDeLaMontagne-118">[117]</a> It was converted to <a href="/wiki/Optical_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical fibre">fibre optic</a> light in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-LesAmisDeLaMontagne-118">[117]</a> The new system can turn the lights red, blue, or purple, the last of which is used as a sign of mourning between the death of the Pope and the election of the next.<a href="#cite_note-Hour-122">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population history of Montreal</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1666</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">625</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1667</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">760</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1681</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,418</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+86.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1685</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">724</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−48.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1688</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,360</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+87.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1692</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">801</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−41.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1695</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,468</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+83.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1698</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,185</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−19.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1706</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,025</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+70.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1739</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">4,210</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+107.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1754</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1765</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,733</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+43.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1790</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+214.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1825</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,516</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+75.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">27,297</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−13.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">40,356</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+47.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">57,715</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+43.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,323</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+56.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">130,022</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+44.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">176,263</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+35.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">254,278</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+44.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">325,653</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">490,504</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+50.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">618,506</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">818,577</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+32.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">903,007</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,021,520</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,201,559</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,214,352</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1976</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,080,545</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−11.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,018,609</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,015,420</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,017,666</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1996_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Canadian Census">1996</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,016,376</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/2001_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Canadian Census">2001</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,039,534</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Canadian Census">2006</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,620,693</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+55.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Canadian Census">2011</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,649,519</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2016_Canadian_census" title="2016 Canadian census">2016</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,704,694</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,762,949</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Note: Many boroughs were independent cities that were forced to merge with Montreal in January 2002 following the <a href="/wiki/2002-2006_municipal_reorganization_of_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="2002-2006 municipal reorganization of Montreal">2002 municipal reorganization of Montreal</a>. Source: <a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montreal" title="Demographics of Montreal">Demographics of Montreal</a></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census of Population</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>, Montreal had a population of 1,762,949 living in 816,338 of its 878,542 total private dwellings, a change of 3.4% from its 2016 population of 1,704,694. With a land area of 364.74 km2 (140.83 sq mi), it had a population density of 4,833.4/km2 (12,518.6/sq mi) in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-2021census-124">[123]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Canadian_census" title="2016 Canadian census">2016 Canadian census</a> the city had 1,704,694 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-area_and_pop_city_proper-125">[124]</a> A total of 4,098,927 lived in the Montreal <a href="/wiki/Census_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Census Metropolitan Area">Census Metropolitan Area</a> (CMA) at the same 2016 census, up from 3,934,078 at the 2011 census (within 2011 CMA boundaries), which is a population growth of 4.19% from 2011 to 2016.<a href="#cite_note-area_and_pop_metro_area-126">[125]</a> In 2015, the Greater Montreal population was estimated at 4,060,700.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> According to StatsCan, by 2030, the Greater Montreal Area is expected to number 5,275,000 with 1,722,000 being visible minorities.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> In the 2016 census, children under 14 years of age (691,345) constituted 16.9%, while inhabitants over 65 years of age (671,690) numbered 16.4% of the total population of the CMA.<a href="#cite_note-area_and_pop_metro_area-126">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> People of <a href="/wiki/European_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="European ethnic groups">European ethnicities</a> formed the largest cluster of ethnic groups. The largest reported European ethnicities in the 2006 census were <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> (23%), <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italians</a> (10%), <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> (5%), <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> (4%), <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> (3%), and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> (2%).<a href="#cite_note-european_origins-130">[129]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">panethnic</a> breakdown of the city of Montreal as per the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 census</a> was <a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">European</a><a href="#cite_note-European-131">[b]</a> (1,038,940 residents or 60.3% of the population), <a href="/wiki/African-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Canadian">African</a> (198,610; 11.5%), <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Canadians" title="Middle Eastern Canadians">Middle Eastern</a><a href="#cite_note-MiddleEastern-132">[c]</a> (159,435; 9.3%), <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asian</a> (79,670; 4.6%), <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Canadians" title="Latin American Canadians">Latin American</a> (78,150; 4.5%), <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a><a href="#cite_note-SoutheastAsian-133">[d]</a> (65,260; 3.8%), <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Canadians" title="East Asian Canadians">East Asian</a><a href="#cite_note-EastAsian-134">[e]</a> (64,825; 3.8%), <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Canadian">Indigenous</a> (15,315; 0.9%), and Other/<a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">Multiracial</a><a href="#cite_note-Other-135">[f]</a> (23,010; 1.3%).<a href="#cite_note-2021CensusCity-136">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Visible_minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible minorities">Visible minorities</a> comprised 38.8% of the city of Montreal population in the <a href="/wiki/Canada_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2021 Census">2021 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2021CensusCity-136">[130]</a> The five most numerous visible minorities are <a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">Black Canadians</a> (11.5%), <a href="/wiki/Arab_Canadians" title="Arab Canadians">Arab Canadians</a> (8.2%), South Asian Canadians (4.6%), Latin Americans (4.5%), and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadians" title="Chinese Canadians">Chinese Canadians</a> (3.3%).<a href="#cite_note-2021CensusCity-136">[130]</a> Furthermore, some 27.2% of the population <a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a> are members of a visible minority group as of 2021,<a href="#cite_note-2021CensusMetroB-137">[131]</a> up from 5.2% in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a> Visible minorities are defined by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Employment_Equity_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Employment Equity Act">Canadian Employment Equity Act</a> as "persons, other than <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples of Canada">Aboriginals</a>, who are non-white in colour".<a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Panethnic</a> groups in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Montreal">City of Montreal</a> (2001−2021) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Panethnic</a> group </th> <th colspan="2">2021<a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2016 </th> <th colspan="2">2011 </th> <th colspan="2">2006 </th> <th colspan="2">2001 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr>Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr>%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr>Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr>%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr>Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr>%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr>Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr>%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr>Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr>%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">European</a> </td> <td>1,038,940 </td> <td>60.29% </td> <td>1,082,620 </td> <td>65.09% </td> <td>1,092,465 </td> <td>67.74% </td> <td>1,171,295 </td> <td>73.49% </td> <td>784,420 </td> <td>76.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Canadian">African</a> </td> <td>198,610 </td> <td>11.53% </td> <td>171,385 </td> <td>10.3% </td> <td>147,100 </td> <td>9.12% </td> <td>122,880 </td> <td>7.71% </td> <td>68,245 </td> <td>6.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Canadians" title="Middle Eastern Canadians">Middle Eastern</a> </td> <td>159,435 </td> <td>9.25% </td> <td>137,525 </td> <td>8.27% </td> <td>114,780 </td> <td>7.12% </td> <td>76,910 </td> <td>4.83% </td> <td>34,035 </td> <td>3.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asian</a> </td> <td>79,670 </td> <td>4.62% </td> <td>55,595 </td> <td>3.34% </td> <td>53,515 </td> <td>3.32% </td> <td>51,255 </td> <td>3.22% </td> <td>33,310 </td> <td>3.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Canadians" title="Latin American Canadians">Latin American</a> </td> <td>78,150 </td> <td>4.54% </td> <td>67,525 </td> <td>4.06% </td> <td>67,160 </td> <td>4.16% </td> <td>53,970 </td> <td>3.39% </td> <td>31,190 </td> <td>3.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> </td> <td>65,260 </td> <td>3.79% </td> <td>58,315 </td> <td>3.51% </td> <td>61,320 </td> <td>3.8% </td> <td>47,950 </td> <td>3.01% </td> <td>33,505 </td> <td>3.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Canadians" title="East Asian Canadians">East Asian</a> </td> <td>64,825 </td> <td>3.76% </td> <td>61,400 </td> <td>3.69% </td> <td>52,195 </td> <td>3.24% </td> <td>52,650 </td> <td>3.3% </td> <td>25,810 </td> <td>2.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous</a> </td> <td>15,315 </td> <td>0.89% </td> <td>12,035 </td> <td>0.72% </td> <td>9,510 </td> <td>0.59% </td> <td>7,600 </td> <td>0.48% </td> <td>3,555 </td> <td>0.35% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td>23,010 </td> <td>1.34% </td> <td>16,835 </td> <td>1.01% </td> <td>14,585 </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>9,205 </td> <td>0.58% </td> <td>5,675 </td> <td>0.56% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total responses </th> <th>1,723,230 </th> <th>97.75% </th> <th>1,663,225 </th> <th>97.57% </th> <th>1,612,640 </th> <th>97.76% </th> <th>1,593,725 </th> <th>98.34% </th> <th>1,019,735 </th> <th>98.1% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>1,762,949 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>1,704,694 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>1,649,519 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>1,620,693 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>1,039,534 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> As of the 2021 Census,<a href="#cite_note-2021CensusCity-136">[130]</a> 47.0% of Montreal residents spoke <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> alone as a first language, while 13.0% spoke <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> alone. 2% spoke both English and French as first languages, 2.6% spoke both French and a non-official language and 1.5% spoke both English and a non-official language. 0.8% of residents spoke English, French and a non-official language as first languages. 32.8% of residents spoke one non-official language as a first language, and 0.3% spoke multiple non-official languages as first languages. The most common were <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (5.7%), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (4.6%), <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (3.3%), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese Languages</a> (2.7%), <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a> (1.6%), <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (1.1%), and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> (1.0%). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Immigration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montr%C3%A9al_Population_Pyramid_(2021).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Montr%C3%A9al_Population_Pyramid_%282021%29.png/220px-Montr%C3%A9al_Population_Pyramid_%282021%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Montr%C3%A9al_Population_Pyramid_%282021%29.png/330px-Montr%C3%A9al_Population_Pyramid_%282021%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Montr%C3%A9al_Population_Pyramid_%282021%29.png/440px-Montr%C3%A9al_Population_Pyramid_%282021%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada" title="Demographics of Canada">Population age pyramid</a> of Montréal (2021 Census)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 census</a> reported that <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">immigrants</a> (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 576,125 persons or 33.4% of the total population of Montreal. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> (47,550 residents or 8.3% of the population), <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> (43,840; 7.6%), <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (39,275; 6.8%), <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> (33,005; 5.7%), <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (30,215; 5.2%), <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (26,335; 4.6%), the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> (20,475; 3.6%), <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> (17,455; 3.0%), <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (16,395; 2.8%), and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (13,575; 2.4%).<a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-141">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Montreal (2021)<a href="#cite_note-Profil_Sociodémographique_Montréal_2011-142">[136]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent (%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Canada" title="Christianity in Canada">Christian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ff4d4d; width:49.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">49.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Canada" title="Irreligion in Canada">No religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#cc33ff; width:31.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">31.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Canada" title="Islam in Canada">Muslim</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#33cc33; width:12.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.7%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Canada">Jewish</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:2.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.1%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Canada" title="Hinduism in Canada">Hindu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:1.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Buddhist</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gold; width:1.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Canada" title="Sikhism in Canada">Sikh</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:0.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> The Greater Montreal Area is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>; however, weekly church attendance in Quebec was among the lowest in Canada in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> Historically Montreal has been a centre of Catholicism in North America with its numerous seminaries and churches, including the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Basilica_(Montreal)" title="Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)">Notre-Dame Basilica</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Marie-Reine-du-Monde" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde">Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Oratory" title="Saint Joseph's Oratory">Saint Joseph's Oratory</a>. Some 49.5% of the total population is Christian,<a href="#cite_note-Profil_Sociodémographique_Montréal_2011-142">[136]</a> largely Roman Catholic (35.0%), primarily because of descendants of original French settlers, and others of Italian and Irish origins. <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> which include <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church in Canada">Anglican Church in Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>, owing to British and German immigration, and other denominations number 11.3%, with a further 3.2% consisting mostly of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Orthodox Christians</a>, fuelled by a large Greek population. There is also a number of Russian and Ukrainian Orthodox parishes. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the largest non-Christian religious group, with 218,395 members,<a href="#cite_note-Community_Highlights_for_Montréal-144">[138]</a> the second-largest concentration of Muslims in Canada at 12.7%. The <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Montreal" title="History of the Jews in Montreal">Jewish community in Montreal</a> has a population of 90,780.<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a> In cities such as Côte Saint-Luc and Hampstead, Jewish people constitute the majority, or a substantial part of the population. In 1971 the Jewish community in Greater Montreal numbered 109,480.<a href="#cite_note-MELS-146">[140]</a> Political and economic uncertainties led many to leave Montreal and the province of Quebec.<a href="#cite_note-Am_Yisrael-147">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montreal" title="Economy of Montreal">Economy of Montreal</a></div> Montreal has the second-largest economy of Canadian cities based on GDP<a href="#cite_note-pricewater-148">[142]</a> and the largest in Quebec. In 2019, Metropolitan Montreal was responsible for CA$234.0 billion of Quebec's CA$425.3 billion GDP.<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> The city is today an important centre of commerce, finance, industry, technology, culture, world affairs and is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Exchange" title="Montreal Exchange">Montreal Exchange</a>. In recent decades, the city was widely seen as weaker than that of Toronto and other major Canadian cities, but it has recently experienced a revival.<a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_421_Montreal_Harbour,_Published_1961,_Large_Corrections_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Admiralty_Chart_No_421_Montreal_Harbour%2C_Published_1961%2C_Large_Corrections_1967.jpg/220px-Admiralty_Chart_No_421_Montreal_Harbour%2C_Published_1961%2C_Large_Corrections_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Admiralty_Chart_No_421_Montreal_Harbour%2C_Published_1961%2C_Large_Corrections_1967.jpg/330px-Admiralty_Chart_No_421_Montreal_Harbour%2C_Published_1961%2C_Large_Corrections_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Admiralty_Chart_No_421_Montreal_Harbour%2C_Published_1961%2C_Large_Corrections_1967.jpg/440px-Admiralty_Chart_No_421_Montreal_Harbour%2C_Published_1961%2C_Large_Corrections_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8369" data-file-height="11049" /></a><figcaption>1967 nautical chart of Montreal Harbour</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navette_Montreal_-_Ile_Charron_36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Navette_Montreal_-_Ile_Charron_36.jpg/220px-Navette_Montreal_-_Ile_Charron_36.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Navette_Montreal_-_Ile_Charron_36.jpg/330px-Navette_Montreal_-_Ile_Charron_36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Navette_Montreal_-_Ile_Charron_36.jpg/440px-Navette_Montreal_-_Ile_Charron_36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Montreal" title="Port of Montreal">Port of Montreal</a></figcaption></figure> Industries include <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronic</a> goods, <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceuticals">pharmaceuticals</a>, printed goods, <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, telecommunications, textile and apparel manufacturing, tobacco, petrochemicals, and transportation. The service sector is also strong and includes <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Process_engineering" title="Process engineering">process engineering</a>, finance, higher education, and research and development. In 2002, Montreal was the fourth-largest centre in North America in terms of aerospace jobs.<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Montreal" title="Port of Montreal">Port of Montreal</a> is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland ports</a> in the world, handling 26 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> of cargo annually as of 2008.<a href="#cite_note-PortofMontreal-152">[146]</a> As one of the most important ports in Canada, it remains a transshipment point for <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grain</a>, sugar, petroleum products, machinery, and consumer goods. For this reason, Montreal is the railway hub of Canada and has always been an extremely important rail city; it is home to the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CN-153">[147]</a> and was home to the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> until 1995.<a href="#cite_note-CE-CP-154">[148]</a> The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a> is in Longueuil, southeast of Montreal.<a href="#cite_note-CSA-155">[149]</a> Montreal also hosts the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO, a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> body);<a href="#cite_note-ICAO-156">[150]</a> the <a href="/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency" title="World Anti-Doping Agency">World Anti-Doping Agency</a> (an <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">Olympic</a> body);<a href="#cite_note-WADA-157">[151]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Airports_Council_International" title="Airports Council International">Airports Council International</a> (the association of the world's airports – ACI World);<a href="#cite_note-ACI_World-158">[152]</a> the <a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association" title="International Air Transport Association">International Air Transport Association</a> (IATA),<a href="#cite_note-IATA-159">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/IATA_Operational_Safety_Audit" title="IATA Operational Safety Audit">IATA Operational Safety Audit</a> and the International Gay and Lesbian Chamber of Commerce (IGLCC),<a href="#cite_note-IGLCC-160">[154]</a> as well as some other international organizations in various fields. Montreal is a centre of film and television production. The headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Films" title="Alliance Films">Alliance Films</a> and five studios of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a>-winning <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> are in the city, as well as the head offices of <a href="/wiki/Telefilm_Canada" title="Telefilm Canada">Telefilm Canada</a>, the national feature-length film and television funding agency and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_de_Radio-Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Télévision de Radio-Canada">Télévision de Radio-Canada</a>. Given its eclectic architecture and broad availability of film services and crew members, Montreal is a popular filming location for feature-length films, and sometimes stands in for European locations.<a href="#cite_note-161">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-Variety-162">[156]</a> The city is also home to many recognized cultural, film, and music festivals (<a href="/wiki/Just_For_Laughs" class="mw-redirect" title="Just For Laughs">Just For Laughs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Just_For_Laughs_Gags" class="mw-redirect" title="Just For Laughs Gags">Just For Laughs Gags</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal International Jazz Festival</a>, and others), which contribute significantly to its economy. It is also home to one of the world's largest cultural enterprises, the <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TourDeLaBourse_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/TourDeLaBourse_night.jpg/170px-TourDeLaBourse_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/TourDeLaBourse_night.jpg/255px-TourDeLaBourse_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/TourDeLaBourse_night.jpg/340px-TourDeLaBourse_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tour_de_la_Bourse" title="Tour de la Bourse">Tour de la Bourse</a> has been home to the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Exchange" title="Montreal Exchange">Montreal Exchange</a> from 1965 to 2018, subsequently also including offices of various companies, entities and professional firms.</figcaption></figure> Montreal is also a global hub for <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> research with many companies involved in this sector, such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> AI Research (FAIR), <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Microsoft Research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Brain" title="Google Brain">Google Brain</a>, <a href="/wiki/DeepMind" class="mw-redirect" title="DeepMind">DeepMind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Research">Samsung Research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thales_Group" title="Thales Group">Thales Group</a> (cortAIx).<a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a> The city is also home to <a href="/wiki/Mila_(research_institute)" title="Mila (research institute)">Mila (research institute)</a>, an artificial intelligence research institute with over 500 researchers specializing in the field of deep learning, the largest of its kind in the world.<a href="#cite_note-165">[159]</a> The video game industry has been booming in Montreal since November 2, 1995, coinciding with the opening of <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft_Montreal" title="Ubisoft Montreal">Ubisoft Montreal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Develop-166">[160]</a> Recently, the city has attracted world leading game developers and publishers studios such as <a href="/wiki/EA_Montreal" title="EA Montreal">EA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eidos_Interactive" title="Eidos Interactive">Eidos Interactive</a>, <a href="/wiki/BioWare" title="BioWare">BioWare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_Mind_and_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial Mind and Movement">Artificial Mind and Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strategy_First" title="Strategy First">Strategy First</a>, <a href="/wiki/THQ" title="THQ">THQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gameloft" title="Gameloft">Gameloft</a> mainly because of the quality of local specialized labour, and tax credits offered to the corporations. In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Interactive_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment">Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>, announced that it would open a video game studio.<a href="#cite_note-167">[161]</a> Relatively new to the video game industry, it will be Warner Bros. first studio opened, not purchased, and will develop games for such Warner Bros. franchises as <a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a> and other games from their <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> portfolio. The studio will create 300 jobs. Montreal plays an important role in the finance industry. The sector employs approximately 100,000 people in the Greater Montreal Area.<a href="#cite_note-168">[162]</a> As of March 2018, Montreal is ranked in the 12th position in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Ranking" title="Ranking">ranking</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Competition_(companies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Competition (companies)">competitiveness</a> of <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial centres</a> around the world.<a href="#cite_note-169">[163]</a> The city is home to the Montreal Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in Canada and the only financial derivatives exchange in the country.<a href="#cite_note-tourisme-montreal.org-170">[164]</a> The corporate headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Montreal" title="Bank of Montreal">Bank of Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Canada" title="Royal Bank of Canada">Royal Bank of Canada</a>, two of the biggest banks in Canada, were in Montreal. While both banks moved their headquarters to Toronto, Ontario, their legal corporate offices remain in Montreal. The city is home to head offices of two smaller banks, <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Canada" title="National Bank of Canada">National Bank of Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Bank_of_Canada" title="Laurentian Bank of Canada">Laurentian Bank of Canada</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Caisse_de_d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_et_placement_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec">Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec</a>, an institutional investor managing assets totalling $408 billion CAD, has its main business office in Montreal.<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> Many foreign subsidiaries operating in the financial sector also have offices in Montreal, including <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aon_(company)" title="Aon (company)">Aon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a>, <a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a> and <a href="/wiki/AXA" class="mw-redirect" title="AXA">AXA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tourisme-montreal.org-170">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[166]</a> Several companies are headquartered in Greater Montreal Area including <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_Alcan" title="Rio Tinto Alcan">Rio Tinto Alcan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-173">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Inc." title="Bombardier Inc.">Bombardier Inc.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>,<a href="#cite_note-175">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/CGI_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="CGI Group">CGI Group</a>,<a href="#cite_note-176">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_Transat" title="Air Transat">Air Transat</a>,<a href="#cite_note-178">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/CAE_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="CAE (company)">CAE</a>,<a href="#cite_note-179">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saputo_Incorporated" class="mw-redirect" title="Saputo Incorporated">Saputo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-180">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stingray_Group" title="Stingray Group">Stingray Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebecor" title="Quebecor">Quebecor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultramar" title="Ultramar">Ultramar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kruger_Inc." title="Kruger Inc.">Kruger Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Coutu_Group" title="Jean Coutu Group">Jean Coutu Group</a>,<a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uniprix" title="Uniprix">Uniprix</a>,<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Proxim_(pharmacy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proxim (pharmacy)">Proxim</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Domtar" title="Domtar">Domtar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Le Château">Le Château</a>,<a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Power_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Corporation">Power Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellcom_Communications" title="Cellcom Communications">Cellcom Communications</a>,<a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bell_Canada" title="Bell Canada">Bell Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Standard_Life_(Canada)" title="Standard Life (Canada)">Standard Life</a>,<a href="#cite_note-188">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydro-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Hydro-Québec">Hydro-Québec</a>, <a href="/wiki/AbitibiBowater" class="mw-redirect" title="AbitibiBowater">AbitibiBowater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pratt_and_Whitney_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt and Whitney Canada">Pratt and Whitney Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molson" class="mw-redirect" title="Molson">Molson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tembec" title="Tembec">Tembec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_Steamship_Lines" title="Canada Steamship Lines">Canada Steamship Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fednav" title="Fednav">Fednav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alimentation_Couche-Tard" title="Alimentation Couche-Tard">Alimentation Couche-Tard</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin" class="mw-redirect" title="SNC-Lavalin">SNC-Lavalin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-190">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/MEGA_Brands" class="mw-redirect" title="MEGA Brands">MEGA Brands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-191">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aeroplan" title="Aeroplan">Aeroplan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agropur" title="Agropur">Agropur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metro_Inc." title="Metro Inc.">Metro Inc.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Bank_of_Canada" title="Laurentian Bank of Canada">Laurentian Bank of Canada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Canada" title="National Bank of Canada">National Bank of Canada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Transat_A.T." title="Transat A.T.">Transat A.T.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-197">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a>,<a href="#cite_note-198">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/GardaWorld" title="GardaWorld">GardaWorld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novacam_Technologies" title="Novacam Technologies">Novacam Technologies</a>, SOLABS,<a href="#cite_note-199">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dollarama" title="Dollarama">Dollarama</a>,<a href="#cite_note-200">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rona_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rona (company)">Rona</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[195]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caisse_de_d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_et_placement_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec">Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Oil_Refining_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Oil Refining Centre">Montreal Oil Refining Centre</a> is the largest refining centre in Canada, with companies like <a href="/wiki/Petro-Canada" title="Petro-Canada">Petro-Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultramar" title="Ultramar">Ultramar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Oil" title="Gulf Oil">Gulf Oil</a>, Petromont, Ashland Canada, Parachem Petrochemical, Coastal Petrochemical, Interquisa (<a href="/wiki/Cepsa" title="Cepsa">Cepsa</a>) Petrochemical, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Chemicals" title="Nova Chemicals">Nova Chemicals</a>, and more. Shell decided to close the refining centre in 2010, throwing hundreds out of work and causing an increased dependence on foreign refineries for eastern Canada. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montreal" title="Culture of Montreal">Culture of Montreal</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Montreal">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Montreal was referred to as "Canada's Cultural Capital" by <a href="/wiki/Monocle_(2007_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocle (2007 magazine)">Monocle magazine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Monocle-33">[32]</a> The city is Canada's centre for French-language television productions, radio, theatre, film, multimedia, and print publishing. Montreal's many cultural communities have given it a distinct local culture. Montreal was designated as the <a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a> for the year 2005 by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[196]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal_Clock_Tower,_Fireworks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Montreal_Clock_Tower%2C_Fireworks.jpg/220px-Montreal_Clock_Tower%2C_Fireworks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Montreal_Clock_Tower%2C_Fireworks.jpg/330px-Montreal_Clock_Tower%2C_Fireworks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Montreal_Clock_Tower%2C_Fireworks.jpg/440px-Montreal_Clock_Tower%2C_Fireworks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5621" data-file-height="3897" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Fireworks_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Fireworks Festival">Montreal Fireworks Festival</a> is the world's largest annual fireworks festival. The city hosts a number of festivals annually.</figcaption></figure> Being at the confluence of the French and English traditions, Montreal has developed a unique and distinguished cultural face. The city has produced much talent in the fields of visual arts, theatre, dance, and music, with a tradition of producing both jazz and rock music. Another distinctive characteristic of cultural life is the vibrancy of its downtown, particularly during summer, prompted by cultural and social events, including its <a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_and_parades_in_Montreal" title="List of festivals and parades in Montreal">more than 100 annual festivals</a>, the largest being the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal International Jazz Festival</a> which is the largest jazz festival in the world. Other popular events have included <a href="/wiki/Just_for_Laughs" title="Just for Laughs">Just for Laughs</a> (the largest comedy festival in the world), the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_World_Film_Festival" title="Montreal World Film Festival">Montreal World Film Festival</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Festival_du_nouveau_cin%C3%A9ma" title="Festival du nouveau cinéma">Festival du nouveau cinéma</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia Film Festival">Fantasia Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_FrancoFolies_de_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Les FrancoFolies de Montréal">Les FrancoFolies de Montréal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuits_d%27Afrique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuits d'Afrique (page does not exist)">Nuits d'Afrique</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_international_Nuits_d%27Afrique" class="extiw" title="fr:Festival international Nuits d'Afrique">fr</a>], <a href="/wiki/Pop_Montreal" title="Pop Montreal">Pop Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divers/Cit%C3%A9" title="Divers/Cité">Divers/Cité</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiert%C3%A9_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Fierté Montréal">Fierté Montréal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Fireworks_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Fireworks Festival">Montreal Fireworks Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igloofest" title="Igloofest">Igloofest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piknic_%C3%89lectronik" title="Piknic Électronik">Piknic Électronik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montr%C3%A9al_en_Lumiere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montréal en Lumiere (page does not exist)">Montréal en Lumiere</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_en_Lumiere" class="extiw" title="fr:Montréal en Lumiere">fr</a>], <a href="/wiki/Osheaga_Festival" title="Osheaga Festival">Osheaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Heavy Montréal">Heavy Montréal</a>, Mode + Design, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montr%C3%A9al_compl%C3%A8tement_cirque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montréal complètement cirque (page does not exist)">Montréal complètement cirque</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_compl%C3%A8tement_cirque" class="extiw" title="fr:Montréal complètement cirque">fr</a>], <a href="/wiki/MUTEK" title="MUTEK">MUTEK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_and_Blue_Festival" title="Black and Blue Festival">Black and Blue</a>, and many smaller festivals. Montreal is also widely recognized for its diverse and vibrant night life, which is considered a vital part of the local cultural ecosystem. A cultural heart of classical art and the venue for many summer festivals, the <a href="/wiki/Place_des_Arts" title="Place des Arts">Place des Arts</a> is a complex of different concert and theatre halls surrounding a large square in the eastern portion of downtown. Place des Arts has the headquarters of one of the world's foremost orchestras, the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Montreal Symphony Orchestra">Montreal Symphony Orchestra</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Orchestre_M%C3%A9tropolitain" title="Orchestre Métropolitain">Orchestre Métropolitain</a> and the chamber orchestra <a href="/wiki/I_Musici_de_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="I Musici de Montréal">I Musici de Montréal</a> are two other well-regarded Montreal orchestras. Also performing at Place des Arts are the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Opéra de Montréal">Opéra de Montréal</a> and the city's chief ballet company <a href="/wiki/Les_Grands_Ballets_Canadiens" title="Les Grands Ballets Canadiens">Les Grands Ballets Canadiens</a>. Internationally recognized avant-garde dance troupes such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compagnie_Marie_Chouinard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compagnie Marie Chouinard (page does not exist)">Compagnie Marie Chouinard</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_Marie_Chouinard" class="extiw" title="fr:Compagnie Marie Chouinard">fr</a>], <a href="/wiki/La_La_La_Human_Steps" title="La La La Human Steps">La La La Human Steps</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Vertigo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Vertigo (page does not exist)">O Vertigo</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Vertigo" class="extiw" title="fr:O Vertigo">fr</a>], and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondation_Jean-Pierre_Perreault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondation Jean-Pierre Perreault (page does not exist)">Fondation Jean-Pierre Perreault</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Perreault#Biographie" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Pierre Perreault">fr</a>] have toured the world and worked with international popular artists on videos and concerts. The unique choreography of these troupes has paved the way for the success of the world-renowned Cirque du Soleil. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Notre-Dame,_Montreal,_Canad%C3%A1,_2017-08-11,_DD_26-28_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Notre-Dame%2C_Montreal%2C_Canad%C3%A1%2C_2017-08-11%2C_DD_26-28_HDR.jpg/220px-Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Notre-Dame%2C_Montreal%2C_Canad%C3%A1%2C_2017-08-11%2C_DD_26-28_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Notre-Dame%2C_Montreal%2C_Canad%C3%A1%2C_2017-08-11%2C_DD_26-28_HDR.jpg/330px-Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Notre-Dame%2C_Montreal%2C_Canad%C3%A1%2C_2017-08-11%2C_DD_26-28_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Notre-Dame%2C_Montreal%2C_Canad%C3%A1%2C_2017-08-11%2C_DD_26-28_HDR.jpg/440px-Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Notre-Dame%2C_Montreal%2C_Canad%C3%A1%2C_2017-08-11%2C_DD_26-28_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6577" data-file-height="4978" /></a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Basilica_(Montreal)" title="Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)">Notre-Dame Basilica</a> from <a href="/wiki/Place_d%27Armes" title="Place d'Armes">Place d'Armes</a>. The number of churches in Montreal led it to be called "the city of a hundred steeples".</figcaption></figure> Nicknamed la ville aux cent clochers (the city of a hundred steeples), Montreal is renowned for its churches. There are an estimated 650 churches on the island, with 450 of them dating back to the 1800s or earlier.<a href="#cite_note-203">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> noted, "This is the first time I was ever in a city where you couldn't throw a brick without breaking a church window."<a href="#cite_note-204">[198]</a> The city has four Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilicas</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_the_World_Cathedral" title="Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral">Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Basilica_(Montreal)" title="Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)">Notre-Dame Basilica</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Basilica,_Montreal" title="St. Patrick's Basilica, Montreal">St Patrick's Basilica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Oratory" title="Saint Joseph's Oratory">Saint Joseph's Oratory</a>. The Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the second largest copper dome in the world, after <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a> in Rome.<a href="#cite_note-205">[199]</a> Beginning in the 1940s, Quebec literature began to shift from pastoral tales romanticizing the <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French-Canadian</a> countryside to writing set in the multicultural city of Montreal. Notable pioneering works describing the character of the city include <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Roy" title="Gabrielle Roy">Gabrielle Roy</a>'s 1945 novel <a href="/wiki/Bonheur_d%27occasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonheur d'occasion">Bonheur d'occasion</a>, translated as The Tin Flute, and <a href="/wiki/Gwethalyn_Graham" title="Gwethalyn Graham">Gwethalyn Graham</a>'s 1944 novel Earth and High Heaven. Subsequent writers of fiction who have set their work in Montreal have included <a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Richler" title="Mordecai Richler">Mordecai Richler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jasmin" title="Claude Jasmin">Claude Jasmin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Tremblay" title="Michel Tremblay">Michel Tremblay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francine_Noel" class="mw-redirect" title="Francine Noel">Francine Noel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heather_O%27Neill" title="Heather O'Neill">Heather O'Neill</a>, among <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Montreal" title="List of people from Montreal">many others</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Montreal" title="Sports in Montreal">Sports in Montreal</a></div> The most popular sport is <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>. The professional hockey team, the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a>, is one of the <a href="/wiki/Original_Six" title="Original Six">Original Six</a> teams of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL), and has won an NHL-record 24 <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> championships. The Canadiens' most recent Stanley Cup victory came in <a href="/wiki/1993_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1993 Stanley Cup Finals">1993</a>. They have major rivalries with the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a>, both of which are also Original Six teams, and with the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Senators" title="Ottawa Senators">Ottawa Senators</a>, the closest team geographically. The Canadiens have played at the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Centre" title="Bell Centre">Bell Centre</a> since 1996. Prior to that, they played at the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Forum" title="Montreal Forum">Montreal Forum</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CentreBell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/CentreBell.jpg/220px-CentreBell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/CentreBell.jpg/330px-CentreBell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/CentreBell.jpg/440px-CentreBell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Opened in 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Centre" title="Bell Centre">Bell Centre</a> is a sports and entertainment complex and the home arena for the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a> (CFL) play at <a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium" title="Percival Molson Memorial Stadium">Percival Molson Memorial Stadium</a> on the campus of <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> for their regular-season games. Late season and playoff games are sometimes played at the much larger, enclosed Olympic Stadium, which also hosted the <a href="/wiki/2008_Grey_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Grey Cup">2008 Grey Cup</a>. The Alouettes have won the Grey Cup eight times, most recently in <a href="/wiki/111th_Grey_Cup" title="111th Grey Cup">2023</a>. The Alouettes have had two periods on hiatus. During the second one, the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Machine" title="Montreal Machine">Montreal Machine</a> played in the <a href="/wiki/World_League_of_American_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="World League of American Football">World League of American Football</a> in 1991 and 1992. The <a href="/wiki/McGill_Redbirds_and_Martlets" title="McGill Redbirds and Martlets">McGill Redbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concordia_Stingers" title="Concordia Stingers">Concordia Stingers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al_Carabins" class="mw-redirect" title="Université de Montréal Carabins">Université de Montréal Carabins</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/U_Sports_football" title="U Sports football">U Sports football</a> league. Montreal has a storied baseball history. The city was the home of the minor-league <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Royals" title="Montreal Royals">Montreal Royals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">International League</a> until 1960. In 1946, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> broke the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_colour_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball colour line">Baseball colour line</a> with the Royals in an emotionally difficult year; Robinson was forever grateful for the local fans' fervent support.<a href="#cite_note-206">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> came to town in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Expos" title="Montreal Expos">Montreal Expos</a> in 1969. They played their games at <a href="/wiki/Jarry_Park_Stadium" title="Jarry Park Stadium">Jarry Park Stadium</a> until moving into Olympic Stadium in 1977. After 36 years in Montreal, the team relocated to Washington, D.C., in 2005 and re-branded themselves as the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[201]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Canadian_GP_opening_lap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/2015_Canadian_GP_opening_lap.jpg/220px-2015_Canadian_GP_opening_lap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/2015_Canadian_GP_opening_lap.jpg/330px-2015_Canadian_GP_opening_lap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/2015_Canadian_GP_opening_lap.jpg/440px-2015_Canadian_GP_opening_lap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3820" data-file-height="1685" /></a><figcaption>Montreal is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="Canadian Grand Prix">Canadian Grand Prix</a>, an annual <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> <a href="/wiki/Auto_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto race">auto race</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/CF_Montr%C3%A9al" title="CF Montréal">CF Montréal</a> (formerly known as the Montreal Impact) are the city's professional soccer team. They play at a <a href="/wiki/Soccer-specific_stadium" title="Soccer-specific stadium">soccer-specific stadium</a> called <a href="/wiki/Saputo_Stadium" title="Saputo Stadium">Saputo Stadium</a>. They joined <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> in 2012. The Montreal games of the <a href="/wiki/2007_FIFA_U-20_World_Cup" title="2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup">2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[202]</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_FIFA_U-20_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup">2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[203]</a> were held at Olympic Stadium, and the venue hosted Montreal games in the <a href="/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2015 FIFA Women's World Cup">2015 FIFA Women's World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[204]</a> Montreal is the site of a high-profile <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">auto racing</a> event each year: the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One (F1) racing. This race takes place on the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Gilles_Villeneuve" title="Circuit Gilles Villeneuve">Circuit Gilles Villeneuve</a> on Île Notre-Dame. In 2009, the race was dropped from the Formula One calendar, to the chagrin of some fans,<a href="#cite_note-211">[205]</a> but the Canadian Grand Prix returned to the Formula One calendar in 2010. It was dropped from the calendar again in 2020 and 2021, due to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, but racing resumed in 2022, with the <a href="/wiki/2022_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="2022 Canadian Grand Prix">2022 Canadian Grand Prix</a>. The Circuit Gilles Villeneuve also hosted a round of the <a href="/wiki/Champ_Car_World_Series" title="Champ Car World Series">Champ Car World Series</a> from 2002 to 2007, and was home to the <a href="/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200" title="NAPA Auto Parts 200">NAPA Auto Parts 200</a>, a <a href="/wiki/NASCAR_Nationwide_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="NASCAR Nationwide Series">NASCAR Nationwide Series</a> race, and the Montréal 200, a <a href="/wiki/Grand_American_Road_Racing_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand American Road Racing Association">Grand Am</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolex_Sports_Car_Series" title="Rolex Sports Car Series">Rolex Sports Car Series</a> race. <a href="/wiki/Uniprix_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniprix Stadium">Uniprix Stadium</a>, built in 1993 on the site of Jarry Park, is used for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Open_(tennis)" title="Canadian Open (tennis)">National Bank Open</a> (formerly known as the Rogers Cup) men's and women's tennis tournaments. The men's tournament is a <a href="/wiki/Masters_1000" class="mw-redirect" title="Masters 1000">Masters 1000</a> event on the <a href="/wiki/ATP_Tour" title="ATP Tour">ATP Tour</a>, and the women's tournament is a <a href="/wiki/WTA_Premier_tournaments" title="WTA Premier tournaments">Premier tournament</a> on the <a href="/wiki/WTA_Tour" title="WTA Tour">WTA Tour</a>. The men's and women's tournaments alternate between Montreal and Toronto every year.<a href="#cite_note-YorkU-212">[206]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg/220px-Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg/330px-Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg/440px-Le_Stade_Olympique_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a> was built for the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a> in Montreal. It is used by <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a>'s <a href="/wiki/CF_Montr%C3%A9al" title="CF Montréal">CF Montréal</a> for select games.</figcaption></figure> Montreal was the host of the 1976 Summer Olympic Games. The stadium cost $1.5 billion;<a href="#cite_note-olympics_cost-213">[207]</a> with interest that figure ballooned to nearly $3 billion, and was paid off in December 2006.<a href="#cite_note-McGill-olympics-cost-214">[208]</a> Montreal also hosted the first ever <a href="/wiki/World_Outgames" title="World Outgames">World Outgames</a> in the summer of 2006, attracting over 16,000 participants engaged in 35 sporting activities. Montreal was the host city for the 17th unicycling world championship and convention (<a href="/wiki/UNICON" class="mw-redirect" title="UNICON">UNICON</a>) in August 2014. <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>Active professional sports teams in Montreal </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Club </th> <th>League </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>Venue </th> <th>Established </th> <th>Championships </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_Centre" title="Bell Centre">Bell Centre</a> </td> <td>1909 </td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Victoire" title="Montreal Victoire">Montreal Victoire</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Professional Women's Hockey League">PWHL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verdun_Auditorium" title="Verdun Auditorium">Verdun Auditorium</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_Alouettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal Alouettes">Montréal Alouettes</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">CFL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium" title="Percival Molson Memorial Stadium">Percival Molson Memorial Stadium</a> <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a> </td> <td>1946 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/CF_Montr%C3%A9al" title="CF Montréal">CF Montréal</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saputo_Stadium" title="Saputo Stadium">Saputo Stadium</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alliance" title="Montreal Alliance">Montreal Alliance</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Elite_Basketball_League" title="Canadian Elite Basketball League">CEBL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verdun_Auditorium" title="Verdun Auditorium">Verdun Auditorium</a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Montreal" title="Media in Montreal">Media in Montreal</a></div> Montreal is Canada's second-largest media market, and the centre of Canada's francophone media industry. There are four <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">over-the-air</a> English-language television stations: <a href="/wiki/CBMT-DT" title="CBMT-DT">CBMT-DT</a> (<a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a>), <a href="/wiki/CFCF-DT" title="CFCF-DT">CFCF-DT</a> (<a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a>), <a href="/wiki/CKMI-DT" title="CKMI-DT">CKMI-DT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Global_Television_Network" title="Global Television Network">Global</a>) and <a href="/wiki/CJNT-DT" title="CJNT-DT">CJNT-DT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Citytv" title="Citytv">Citytv</a>). There are also five over-the-air French-language television stations: <a href="/wiki/CBFT-DT" title="CBFT-DT">CBFT-DT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Ici Radio-Canada</a>), <a href="/wiki/CFTM-DT" title="CFTM-DT">CFTM-DT</a> (<a href="/wiki/TVA_(Canadian_TV_network)" title="TVA (Canadian TV network)">TVA</a>), <a href="/wiki/CFJP-DT" title="CFJP-DT">CFJP-DT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noovo" title="Noovo">Noovo</a>), CIVM-DT (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Télé-Québec">Télé-Québec</a>), and <a href="/wiki/CFTU-DT" title="CFTU-DT">CFTU-DT</a> (Canal Savoir). Montreal has three daily newspapers, the English-language <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a> and the French-language <a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Le Journal de Montréal">Le Journal de Montréal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Le_Devoir" title="Le Devoir">Le Devoir</a>; another French-language daily, <a href="/wiki/La_Presse_(Canadian_newspaper)" title="La Presse (Canadian newspaper)">La Presse</a>, became an online daily in 2018. There are two free French dailies, <a href="/wiki/Metro_International" title="Metro International">Métro</a> and <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_(newspaper)" title="24 Hours (newspaper)">24 Heures</a>. Montreal has numerous weekly tabloids and community newspapers serving various neighbourhoods, ethnic groups and schools. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Montreal">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Montreal_City_Council" title="Montreal City Council">Montreal City Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Montreal" title="Mayor of Montreal">Mayor of Montreal</a></div> The head of the <a href="/wiki/City_government_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="City government in Montreal">city government in Montreal</a> is the mayor, who is <a href="/wiki/First_among_equals" class="mw-redirect" title="First among equals">first among equals</a> in the city council. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_03.jpg/220px-Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_03.jpg/330px-Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_03.jpg/440px-Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Completed in 1878, <a href="/wiki/Montreal_City_Hall" title="Montreal City Hall">Montreal City Hall</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_City_Council" title="Montreal City Council">seat of local government</a>.</figcaption></figure> The city council is a democratically elected institution and is the final decision-making authority in the city, although much power is centralized in the executive committee. The council consists of 65 members from all boroughs.<a href="#cite_note-councillors-215">[209]</a> The council has jurisdiction over many matters, including public security, agreements with other governments, subsidy programs, the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a>, and a three-year capital expenditure program. The council is required to supervise, standardize or approve certain decisions made by the borough councils.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Reporting directly to the council, the executive committee exercises decision-making powers similar to those of the cabinet in a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> and is responsible for preparing various documents including <a href="/wiki/Budget" title="Budget">budgets</a> and <a href="/wiki/By-law" title="By-law">by-laws</a>, submitted to the council for approval. The decision-making powers of the executive committee cover, in particular, the awarding of contracts or grants, the management of human and financial resources, supplies and buildings. It may also be assigned further powers by the city council.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Standing committees are the prime instruments for public consultation. They are responsible for the public study of pending matters and for making the appropriate recommendations to the council. They also review the annual budget forecasts for departments under their jurisdiction. A public notice of meeting is published in both French and English daily newspapers at least seven days before each meeting. All meetings include a public question period. The standing committees, of which there are seven, have terms lasting two years. In addition, the City Council may decide to create special committees at any time. Each standing committee is made up of seven to nine members, including a chairman and a vice-chairman. The members are all elected municipal officers, with the exception of a representative of the government of Quebec on the public security committee.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The city is only one component of the larger Montreal Metropolitan Community (Communauté Métropolitaine de Montréal, CMM), which is in charge of planning, coordinating, and financing economic development, public transportation, garbage collection and <a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">waste management</a>, etc., across the metropolitan area. The president of the CMM is the mayor of Montreal. The CMM covers 4,360 km2 (1,680 sq mi), with 3.6 million inhabitants in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-CMM-216">[210]</a> Montreal is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_districts_of_Quebec" title="Judicial districts of Quebec">judicial district</a> of Montreal, which includes the city and the other communities on the island.<a href="#cite_note-217">[211]</a> The island of Montreal elects 18 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Members of Parliament</a> to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> in Ottawa.<a href="#cite_note-218">[212]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption>Montréal federal election results<a href="#cite_note-219">[213]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #EA6D6A"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">48% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;">348,308 </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">9% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;">64,857 </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA">19% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#87CEFA;">133,718 </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">18% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;">132,395 </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">2% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;">14,565 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">48% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;">377,036 </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">8% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;">63,376 </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA">20% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#87CEFA;">156,398 </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">16% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;">129,517 </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">6% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;">45,845 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption>Montréal provincial election results<a href="#cite_note-220">[214]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">CAQ</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_solidaire" title="Québec solidaire">QC solidaire</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #EA6D6A"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Quebec_general_election" title="2018 Quebec general election">2018</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#1E90FF">18% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#1E90FF;">119,806 </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">38% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;">254,069 </td> <td bgcolor="#FF8040">25% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#FF8040;">164,153 </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA">13% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#87CEFA;">89,353 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Quebec_general_election,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec general election, 2014">2014</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#1E90FF">11% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#1E90FF;">81,844 </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">54% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;">414,477 </td> <td bgcolor="#FF8040">14% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#FF8040;">106,335 </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA">19% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#87CEFA;">149,792 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policing">Policing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Policing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Service_de_police_de_la_Ville_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Service de police de la Ville de Montréal">Service de police de la Ville de Montréal</a></div> Law enforcement on the island itself is provided by the <a href="/wiki/SPVM" class="mw-redirect" title="SPVM">Service de Police de la Ville de Montréal</a>, or the SPVM for short. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime">Crime</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> Since 1975, when Montreal's homicide rate peaked at around 10.3 per 100,000 people with a total of 112 murders, the overall crime rate in Montreal has declined, with a few notable exceptions, reaching a minimum in 2016 with 23 murders.<a href="#cite_note-221">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-montreal.ctvnews.ca-222">[216]</a> Sex crimes have increased 14.5 per cent between 2015 and 2016 and fraud cases have increased by 13 per cent over the same period.<a href="#cite_note-montreal.ctvnews.ca-222">[216]</a> The major criminal organizations active in Montreal are the <a href="/wiki/Rizzuto_crime_family" title="Rizzuto crime family">Rizzuto crime family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hells_Angels" title="Hells Angels">Hells Angels</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_End_Gang" title="West End Gang">West End Gang</a>. However, in the 2020s, the city has seen an increase in overall crime, with a notable increase in homicides. 25 homicides were reported in 2020 which matched the number reported in 2019. The next year saw a 48% increase in murders with a total of 37 in 2021, giving the city a homicide rate of around 2.1 per 100,000 people. The Montreal Police Annual Report for 2021 showed that there were 144 shootings across the city, or an average of one shooting every 2.5 days. In comparison, there were 71 shootings recorded the year before.<a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a> 2022 saw another 10.8% increase in homicides, with a total of 41 being reported (giving a slightly higher homicide rate of 2.3 per 100,000 people), the highest number since 2007, when there were 42.<a href="#cite_note-224">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Montreal" title="Education in Montreal">Education in Montreal</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Quebec" title="Education in Quebec">education system in Quebec</a> is different from other systems in North America. Between high school (which ends at grade 11) and university, students must go through an additional school called <a href="/wiki/CEGEP" title="CEGEP">CEGEP</a>. CEGEPs offer pre-university (2-years) and technical (3-years) programs. In Montreal, <a href="/wiki/List_of_CEGEPs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of CEGEPs">seventeen CEGEPs</a> offer courses in French and five in English. French-language elementary and secondary public schools in Montreal are operated by the <a href="/wiki/Centre_de_services_scolaire_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Centre de services scolaire de Montréal">Centre de services scolaire de Montréal</a> (CSSDM),<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Centre_de_services_scolaire_Marguerite-Bourgeoys" title="Centre de services scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys">Centre de services scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[220]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Centre_de_services_scolaire_de_la_Pointe-de-l%27%C3%8Ele" title="Centre de services scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île">Centre de services scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[221]</a> English-language elementary and secondary public schools on Montreal Island are operated by the <a href="/wiki/English_Montreal_School_Board" title="English Montreal School Board">English Montreal School Board</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson_School_Board" title="Lester B. Pearson School Board">Lester B. Pearson School Board</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[223]</a> With four universities, ten other degree-awarding institutions, and 12 <a href="/wiki/CEGEP" title="CEGEP">CEGEPs</a> in an 8 km (5.0 mi) radius, Montreal has the highest concentration of post-secondary students of all major cities in North America (4.38 students per 100 residents, followed by Boston at 4.37 students per 100 residents).<a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education_(English)">Higher education (English)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Higher education (English)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arts_Building,_McGill_University,_Aug_31_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg/220px-Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg/330px-Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg/440px-Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7512" data-file-height="5008" /></a><figcaption>Established in 1821, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> is the oldest operating university in Montreal.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> is one of Canada's leading post-secondary institutions and is widely regarded as a world-class institution. In 2021, McGill was ranked as the top medical-doctoral university in Canada for the seventeenth consecutive year by <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a> and second in Canada and the 27th best university in the world by the <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[226]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordia University (Montreal)">Concordia University</a> was created from the merger of <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_(Montreal)#Sir_George_Williams_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordia University (Montreal)">Sir George Williams University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_(Montreal)#Loyola_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordia University (Montreal)">Loyola College</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-233">[227]</a> The university has been ranked as one of the top comprehensive universities in Canada by Macleans.<a href="#cite_note-234">[228]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education_(French)">Higher education (French)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Higher education (French)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al_(Roger-Gaudry).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al_%28Roger-Gaudry%29.JPG/220px-Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al_%28Roger-Gaudry%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al_%28Roger-Gaudry%29.JPG/330px-Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al_%28Roger-Gaudry%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al_%28Roger-Gaudry%29.JPG/440px-Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al_%28Roger-Gaudry%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Montreal Metro</a> <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9-de-Montr%C3%A9al_station" title="Université-de-Montréal station">station</a>. The institution is the largest university in the city.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a> (UdeM) is the second largest research university in Canada and ranked as one of the top universities in Canada. Two separate institutions are affiliated to the university: the <a href="/wiki/Polytechnique_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Polytechnique Montréal">École Polytechnique Montréal</a> (School of Engineering) and <a href="/wiki/HEC_Montr%C3%A9al" title="HEC Montréal">HEC Montréal</a> (School of Business). HEC Montreal was founded in 1907 and is considered one of the best business schools in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-235">[229]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_%C3%A0_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université du Québec à Montréal">Université du Québec à Montréal</a> (UQAM) is the Montreal campus of <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Université du Québec">Université du Québec</a>. UQAM generally specializes in liberal-arts, although many programs related to the sciences are available. <ul><li>The Université du Québec network also has three separately run schools in Montreal, notably the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_technologie_sup%C3%A9rieure" title="École de technologie supérieure">École de technologie supérieure</a> (ETS), the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration_publique" title="École nationale d'administration publique">École nationale d'administration publique</a> (ÉNAP) and the <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Institut national de la recherche scientifique">Institut national de la recherche scientifique</a> (INRS).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Institut_de_formation_th%C3%A9ologique_de_Montr%C3%A9al&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Institut de formation théologique de Montréal (page does not exist)">L'Institut de formation théologique de Montréal</a> des Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice (IFTM) specializes in theology and philosophy.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_d%27h%C3%B4tellerie_et_de_tourisme_du_Qu%C3%A9bec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut d'hôtellerie et de tourisme du Québec (page does not exist)">Institut d'hôtellerie et de tourisme du Québec</a> (IHTQ) offers an Applied Bachelor in Hospitality and Hotel Management.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatoire_de_musique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_%C3%A0_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal">Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal</a> offers both a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelor</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master</a> program in classical music.</li></ul> Additionally, two French-language universities, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Sherbrooke" title="Université de Sherbrooke">Université de Sherbrooke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval" title="Université Laval">Université Laval</a> have campuses in the nearby suburb of Longueuil on Montreal's <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Montreal)" title="South Shore (Montreal)">south shore</a>. Also, l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_de_pastorale_des_Dominicains" title="Institut de pastorale des Dominicains">Institut de pastorale des Dominicains</a> is Montreal's university centre of Ottawa's <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Universitaire_Dominicain" class="mw-redirect" title="Collège Universitaire Dominicain">Collège Universitaire Dominicain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dominican_University_College" title="Dominican University College">Dominican University College</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Facult%C3%A9_de_th%C3%A9ologie_%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faculté de théologie évangélique (page does not exist)">Faculté de théologie évangélique</a> is <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Acadia_University" title="Acadia University">Acadia University</a> Montreal based serving French Protestant community in Canada by offering both a Bachelor and a Master program in theology <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Montreal" title="Transportation in Montreal">Transportation in Montreal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal_autoroute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Montreal_autoroute.jpg/220px-Montreal_autoroute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Montreal_autoroute.jpg/330px-Montreal_autoroute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Montreal_autoroute.jpg/440px-Montreal_autoroute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Montreal is a hub for Quebec's <a href="/wiki/Autoroutes_of_Quebec" title="Autoroutes of Quebec">autoroute</a> system of <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">controlled-access highways</a>.</figcaption></figure> Like many major cities, Montreal has a problem with vehicular traffic congestion. Commuting traffic from the cities and towns in the West Island (such as <a href="/wiki/Dollard-des-Ormeaux" title="Dollard-des-Ormeaux">Dollard-des-Ormeaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pointe-Claire" title="Pointe-Claire">Pointe-Claire</a>) is compounded by commuters entering the city that use twenty-four road crossings from numerous off-island suburbs on the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Laval)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Shore (Laval)">North</a> and South Shores. The width of the Saint Lawrence River has made the construction of fixed links to the south shore expensive and difficult. There are presently four road bridges (including two of the country's busiest) along with one bridge-tunnel, two railway bridges, and a metro line. The far narrower Rivière des Prairies to the city's north, separating Montreal from Laval, is spanned by nine road bridges (seven to the city of Laval and two that span directly to the north shore) and a Metro line. The island of Montreal is a hub for the Quebec <a href="/wiki/Autoroute_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoroute (Quebec)">Autoroute</a> system, and is served by Quebec Autoroutes <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_10" title="Quebec Autoroute 10">A-10</a> (known as the Bonaventure Expressway on the island of Montreal), <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_15" title="Quebec Autoroute 15">A-15</a> (aka the Décarie Expressway south of the A-40 and the Laurentian Autoroute to the north of it), <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_13" title="Quebec Autoroute 13">A-13</a> (aka Chomedey Autoroute), <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_20" title="Quebec Autoroute 20">A-20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_25" title="Quebec Autoroute 25">A-25</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_40" title="Quebec Autoroute 40">A-40</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a> system, and known as "The Metropolitan" or simply "The Met" in its elevated mid-town section), <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_520" title="Quebec Autoroute 520">A-520</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_136_(Montreal)" title="Quebec Route 136 (Montreal)">R-136</a> (aka the Ville-Marie Autoroute). Many of these Autoroutes are frequently congested at <a href="/wiki/Rush_hour" title="Rush hour">rush hour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-epomm-236">[230]</a> However, in recent years, the government has acknowledged this problem and is working on long-term solutions to alleviate the congestion. One such example is the extension of <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_30" title="Quebec Autoroute 30">Quebec Autoroute 30</a> on Montreal's south shore, which will be a <a href="/wiki/Bypass_(road)" title="Bypass (road)">bypass</a> for trucks and intercity traffic.<a href="#cite_note-TransportsQuebec-237">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Société_de_transport_de_Montréal">Société de transport de Montréal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Société de transport de Montréal">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A9tro_Acadie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/M%C3%A9tro_Acadie.jpg/220px-M%C3%A9tro_Acadie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/M%C3%A9tro_Acadie.jpg/330px-M%C3%A9tro_Acadie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/M%C3%A9tro_Acadie.jpg/440px-M%C3%A9tro_Acadie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A train departs from <a href="/wiki/Acadie_station" title="Acadie station">Acadie station</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Montreal Metro</a> has <a href="/wiki/List_of_Montreal_Metro_stations" title="List of Montreal Metro stations">68 stations</a> and four lines.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Société de transport de Montréal">Société de transport de Montréal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Montreal Metro</a></div> Public local transport is served by a network of buses, subways, and commuter trains that extend across and off the island. The subway and bus system are operated by STM (Société de transport de Montréal, “Montreal Transit Company”). The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Montreal_bus_routes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Montreal bus routes">STM bus network</a> consists of 203 daytime and 23 night time routes. STM bus routes serve 1,347,900 passengers on an average weekday in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-apta.com-238">[232]</a> It also provides adapted transport and wheelchair-accessible buses.<a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a> The STM won the award of Outstanding Public Transit System in North America by the APTA in 2010. It was the first time a Canadian company won this prize. The Metro was inaugurated in 1966 and has 68 stations on four lines.<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> Total daily passengers is 1,050,800 passengers on an average weekday (as of Q1 2010).<a href="#cite_note-apta.com-238">[232]</a> Each station was designed by different architects with individual themes and features original artwork, and the trains run on rubber tires, making the system quieter than most.<a href="#cite_note-241">[235]</a> The project was initiated by Montreal Mayor <a href="/wiki/Jean_Drapeau" title="Jean Drapeau">Jean Drapeau</a>, who later brought the Summer Olympic Games to Montreal in 1976. The Metro system has long had a station on the South Shore in <a href="/wiki/Longueuil,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Longueuil, Quebec">Longueuil</a>, and in 2007 was extended to the city of Laval, north of Montreal, with three new stations.<a href="#cite_note-242">[236]</a> The metro has recently been modernizing its trains, purchasing new Azur models with inter-connected wagons.<a href="#cite_note-243">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AirCanadaHQMontreal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/AirCanadaHQMontreal.jpg/220px-AirCanadaHQMontreal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/AirCanadaHQMontreal.jpg/330px-AirCanadaHQMontreal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/AirCanadaHQMontreal.jpg/440px-AirCanadaHQMontreal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a> flight flies past the company's corporate headquarters, at <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Trudeau_International_Airport" title="Montréal–Trudeau International Airport">Montréal–Trudeau International Airport</a>.</figcaption></figure> Montreal has two international airports, one for passengers only, the other for cargo. <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport">Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport</a> (also known as Dorval Airport) in the City of <a href="/wiki/Dorval" title="Dorval">Dorval</a> serves all commercial passenger traffic and is the headquarters of Air Canada<a href="#cite_note-Air_Canada_Centre-244">[238]</a> and Air Transat.<a href="#cite_note-Air_Transat_Head_Office-245">[239]</a> To the north of the city is <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Mirabel_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Mirabel International Airport">Montreal Mirabel International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mirabel,_Quebec" title="Mirabel, Quebec">Mirabel</a>, which was envisioned as Montreal's primary airport but which now serves cargo flights along with <a href="/wiki/MEDEVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="MEDEVAC">MEDEVACs</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> and some passenger services.<a href="#cite_note-Last_passengers_leave_Mirabel,_November_1,_2004-246">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-medivac-247">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-flight1-248">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-fleet-249">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[244]</a> In 2018, Trudeau was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Canada" title="List of the busiest airports in Canada">third busiest airport in Canada</a> by passenger traffic and aircraft movements, handling 19.42 million passengers,<a href="#cite_note-251">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-move-252">[246]</a> and 240,159 aircraft movements.<a href="#cite_note-2014move-253">[247]</a> With 63% of its passengers being on non-domestic flights it has the largest percentage of international flights of any Canadian airport.<a href="#cite_note-pax-254">[248]</a> It is one of Air Canada's major <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hubs</a> and operates on average approximately 2,400 flights per week between Montreal and 155 destinations, spread on five <a href="/wiki/Continents" class="mw-redirect" title="Continents">continents</a>. Airlines servicing Trudeau offer year-round <a href="/wiki/Non-stop_flight" title="Non-stop flight">non-stop flights</a> to five continents, namely Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America.<a href="#cite_note-255">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[251]</a> It is one of only two airports in Canada with direct flights to five continents or more. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Rail">edit</a>]</div> Montreal-based Via Rail Canada provides rail service to other cities in Canada, particularly to Quebec City and Toronto along the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_%E2%80%93_Windsor_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City – Windsor Corridor">Quebec City – Windsor Corridor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, the U.S. national passenger rail system, operates its <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_(Amtrak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adirondack (Amtrak)">Adirondack</a> daily to New York. All intercity trains and most <a href="/wiki/Commuter_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter train">commuter trains</a> operate out of <a href="/wiki/Central_Station_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Station (Montreal)">Central Station</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gare_centrale_de_Montreal_-_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gare_centrale_de_Montreal_-_011.jpg/220px-Gare_centrale_de_Montreal_-_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gare_centrale_de_Montreal_-_011.jpg/330px-Gare_centrale_de_Montreal_-_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gare_centrale_de_Montreal_-_011.jpg/440px-Gare_centrale_de_Montreal_-_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Central_Station_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Station (Montreal)">Central Station</a> is a major <a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">inter-city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> hub for the city.</figcaption></figure> Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was founded here in 1881.<a href="#cite_note-CPR-258">[252]</a> Its corporate headquarters occupied <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Station_(Montreal)" title="Windsor Station (Montreal)">Windsor Station</a> at 910 <a href="/wiki/Peel_Street,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Peel Street, Montreal">Peel Street</a> until 1995, when it moved to <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, Alberta.<a href="#cite_note-CE-CP-154">[148]</a> With the Port of Montreal kept open year-round by icebreakers, lines to Eastern Canada became surplus, and now Montreal is the eastern and intermodal freight terminus of CPR's successor company, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Kansas_City" title="Canadian Pacific Kansas City">Canadian Pacific Kansas City</a> (CPKC).<a href="#cite_note-CP-Map-259">[253]</a> CPKC connects at Montreal with the Port of Montreal, the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_and_Hudson_Railway" title="Delaware and Hudson Railway">Delaware and Hudson Railway</a> to New York, the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Gatineau_Railway" title="Quebec Gatineau Railway">Quebec Gatineau Railway</a> to Quebec City and <a href="/wiki/Buckingham,_Quebec" title="Buckingham, Quebec">Buckingham</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Maine_and_Quebec_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Maine and Quebec Railway">Central Maine and Quebec Railway</a> to Halifax, and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a> (CN). The CPR's flagship train, <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian" title="The Canadian">The Canadian</a>, ran daily from Windsor Station to <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, but in 1978 all passenger services were transferred to Via. Since 1990, The Canadian has terminated in Toronto instead of in Montreal. Montreal-based CN was formed in 1919 by the Canadian government following a series of country-wide rail bankruptcies. It was formed from the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Railway" title="Grand Trunk Railway">Grand Trunk</a>, Midland and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Northern_Railway" title="Canadian Northern Railway">Canadian Northern Railways</a>, and has risen to become CPR's chief rival in freight carriage in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-CN-History-260">[254]</a> Like the CPR, CN divested itself of passenger services in favour of Via.<a href="#cite_note-CN-Hist2-261">[255]</a> CN's flagship train, the <a href="/wiki/Super_Continental" title="Super Continental">Super Continental</a>, ran daily from Central Station to Vancouver and subsequently became a Via train in 1978. It was eliminated in 1990 in favour of rerouting The Canadian. The commuter rail system is managed and operated by <a href="/wiki/Exo_(public_transit)" title="Exo (public transit)">Exo</a>, and reaches the outlying areas of Greater Montreal with six lines. It carried an average of 79,000 daily passengers in 2014, making it the seventh busiest in North America following New York, Chicago, Toronto, Boston, Philadelphia, and Mexico City.<a href="#cite_note-EMTA-262">[256]</a> On April 22, 2016, the forthcoming automated <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system, the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_express_m%C3%A9tropolitain" title="Réseau express métropolitain">Réseau express métropolitain</a> (REM), was unveiled. Groundbreaking occurred April 12, 2018, and construction of the 67-kilometre-long (42 mi) network – consisting of three branches, 26 stations, and the conversion of the region's busiest commuter railway – commenced the following month. To be opened in three phases as of 2022, the REM will be completed by mid-2024, becoming the fourth largest automated rapid transit network after the <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Metro" title="Dubai Metro">Dubai Metro</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mass_Rapid_Transit_(Singapore)" title="Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)">Singapore Mass Rapid Transit</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/SkyTrain_(Vancouver)" title="SkyTrain (Vancouver)">Vancouver SkyTrain</a>. Most of it will be financed by pension fund manager Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ Infra).<a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bike_Share_Program">Bike Share Program</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Bike Share Program">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/BIXI_Montr%C3%A9al" title="BIXI Montréal">BIXI Montréal</a> and <a href="/wiki/PBSC_Urban_Solutions" title="PBSC Urban Solutions">PBSC Urban Solutions</a></div> The city of Montreal is world-renowned for being in the top 20 most cyclist-friendly cities around the globe.<a href="#cite_note-264">[258]</a> It follows that they have one of the world's most successful bike share systems in <a href="/wiki/BIXI_Montr%C3%A9al" title="BIXI Montréal">BIXI.</a> First launched in 2009<a href="#cite_note-265">[259]</a> with Montreal-based PBSC Urban Solutions ICONIC bikes, the bicycle-sharing scheme has since grown its fleet to include 750 docking and charging stations across the different neighbourhoods with 9000 bikes available for users.<a href="#cite_note-266">[260]</a> In what the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Société de transport de Montréal">STM</a> states is a mission to combine different forms of mobility, transit card holders can now take advantage of their membership to also rent bicycles at select stations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Montreal" title="List of people from Montreal">List of people from Montreal</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, Algeria – 1999<a href="#cite_note-267">[261]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain<a href="#cite_note-268">[262]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium<a href="#cite_note-Montreal2007-269">[263]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania<a href="#cite_note-270">[264]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea – 2000<a href="#cite_note-Montreal8twins-271">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[266]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, United States – 1995</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a>, Mexico – 2004</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, Vietnam – 1997<a href="#cite_note-Hanoi-273">[267]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>, Japan – 1998<a href="#cite_note-274">[268]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France – 1979<a href="#cite_note-Lyon-275">[269]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines – 2005<a href="#cite_note-276">[270]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia – 2007</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, Haiti – 1995<a href="#cite_note-Hanoi-273">[267]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>, Ecuador – 1997</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil – 1998</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a>, El Salvador – 2001<a href="#cite_note-Hanoi-273">[267]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China – 1985<a href="#cite_note-277">[271]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, Tunisia – 1999</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia – 1998<a href="#cite_note-278">[272]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendship_cities">Friendship cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Friendship cities">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France – 2006<a href="#cite_note-paris1-279">[273]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anglophone_communities_in_Quebec" title="List of anglophone communities in Quebec">List of anglophone communities in Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Montreal" title="List of mayors of Montreal">List of mayors of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Montreal_music_venues" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Montreal music venues">List of Montreal music venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of shopping malls in Montreal">List of shopping malls in Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Montreal" title="List of tallest buildings in Montreal">List of tallest buildings in Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Games_Summit" title="Montreal International Games Summit">Montreal International Games Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Montreal" title="Order of Montreal">Order of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_eponyms_in_Canada" title="Royal eponyms in Canada">Royal eponyms in Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌmʌntriˈɔːl, mɒn-/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/57\/Montreal-English-pronunciation.oga\/Montreal-English-pronunciation.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Montreal-English-pronunciation.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/Montreal-English-pronunciation.oga/Montreal-English-pronunciation.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal-English-pronunciation.oga" title="File:Montreal-English-pronunciation.oga">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">MUN-tree-AWL, MON-</a>;<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Montréal, pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[mɔ̃ʁeal]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b6\/Qc-Montr%C3%A9al.ogg\/Qc-Montr%C3%A9al.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Qc-Montr\u00e9al.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/Qc-Montr%C3%A9al.ogg/Qc-Montr%C3%A9al.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Qc-Montr%C3%A9al.ogg" title="File:Qc-Montréal.ogg">ⓘ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-European-131"><a href="#cite_ref-European_131-0">^</a> Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity. </li> <li id="cite_note-MiddleEastern-132"><a href="#cite_ref-MiddleEastern_132-0">^</a> Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census. </li> <li id="cite_note-SoutheastAsian-133"><a href="#cite_ref-SoutheastAsian_133-0">^</a> Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census. </li> <li id="cite_note-EastAsian-134"><a href="#cite_ref-EastAsian_134-0">^</a> Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census. </li> <li id="cite_note-Other-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Other_135-0">^</a> Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, <abbr title="not included elsewhere">n.i.e.</abbr>" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca/archives/500ans/portail_archives_en/rep_chapitre12/chapitre12-1.html">"Quebec's Metropolis 1960–1992"</a>. Montreal Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130105073436/http://www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca/archives/500ans/portail_archives_en/rep_chapitre12/chapitre12-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quebec%27s+Metropolis+1960%E2%80%931992&rft.pub=Montreal+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ville.montreal.qc.ca%2Farchives%2F500ans%2Fportail_archives_en%2Frep_chapitre12%2Fchapitre12-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagné2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gagné, Gilles (May 31, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lapresse.ca/le-soleil/affaires/les-regions/201205/30/01-4530197-la-gaspesie-sattable-dans-la-metropole.php">"La Gaspésie s'attable dans la métropole"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Soleil_(Quebec)" title="Le Soleil (Quebec)">Le Soleil</a> (in French). Quebec City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605174132/http://www.lapresse.ca/le-soleil/affaires/les-regions/201205/30/01-4530197-la-gaspesie-sattable-dans-la-metropole.php">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Soleil&rft.atitle=La+Gasp%C3%A9sie+s%27attable+dans+la+m%C3%A9tropole&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft.aulast=Gagn%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapresse.ca%2Fle-soleil%2Faffaires%2Fles-regions%2F201205%2F30%2F01-4530197-la-gaspesie-sattable-dans-la-metropole.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeclerc2002" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leclerc, Jean-François (2002). "Montréal, la ville aux cent clochers : regards des Montréalais sur leurs lieux de culte". <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ditions_Fides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Éditions Fides (page does not exist)">Éditions Fides</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Fides" class="extiw" title="fr:Éditions Fides">fr</a>] (in French). Quebec City.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89ditions+Fides%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bfr%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.atitle=Montr%C3%A9al%2C+la+ville+aux+cent+clochers+%3A+regards+des+Montr%C3%A9alais+sur+leurs+lieux+de+culte&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Leclerc&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/destinations/north-america/canada/montreal?v=print">"Lonely Planet Montreal Guide – Modern History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070105025233/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/destinations/north-america/canada/montreal?v=print">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lonely+Planet+Montreal+Guide+%E2%80%93+Modern+History&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fworldguide%2Fdestinations%2Fnorth-america%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%3Fv%3Dprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHHUN">"Montreal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GeoBase_(geospatial_data)#Geographical_Names_Data_Base" title="GeoBase (geospatial data)">Geographical Names Data Base</a>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Canada" title="Natural Resources Canada">Natural Resources Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Montreal&rft.btitle=Geographical+Names+Data+Base&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%3Fid%3DEHHUN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mamrot-6"><a href="#cite_ref-mamrot_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/repertoire-municipalites?field=municipalite&municipalite=66023">"Répertoire des municipalités: Geographic code 66023"</a>. www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca (in French). 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Statistics Canada. August 8, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209135619/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=montreal&DGUIDlist=2021A00052466023&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2022. 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Retrieved May 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charte+de+la+Ville+de+Montr%C3%A9al&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca%2FdynamicSearch%2Ftelecharge.php%3Ftype%3D2%26file%3D%2FC_11_4%2FC11_4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Chapter 1, article 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canlii.org/en/qc/laws/stat/rsq-c-c-11.4/latest/rsq-c-c-11.4.html">"Charter of Ville de Montréal"</a>. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131226175302/http://www.canlii.org/en/qc/laws/stat/rsq-c-c-11.4/latest/rsq-c-c-11.4.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2013. 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GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909205842/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/09/08/2293414/0/en/PBSC-Electrifies-Transportation-Globally-with-E-Bike-Share-Schemes-in-15-Cities.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PBSC+Electrifies+Transportation+Globally+with+E-Bike+Share+Schemes+in+15%2B+Cities&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft.aulast=Solutions&rft.aufirst=PBSC+Urban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globenewswire.com%2Fnews-release%2F2021%2F09%2F08%2F2293414%2F0%2Fen%2FPBSC-Electrifies-Transportation-Globally-with-E-Bike-Share-Schemes-in-15-Cities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090223231510/http://www11.ville.montreal.qc.ca/sherlock2/servlet/template/sherlock%2CAfficherDocumentInternet.vm/nodocument/20146%3Bjsessionid%3D24C10045060CDD0AA23BD919B260FD0F">"Déclaration d'intention d'amitié et de coopération entre les Villes de Montréal et le Gouvernorat du Grand Alger (mars 1999)"</a>. 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(1976). Montréal: The Days That Are No More, in series, Totem Book[s]. This ed. slightly edited [anew]. Toronto, Ont.: Doubleday Canada, [1978], cop. 1976. x, 140, [4] p., ill. in b&w with maps and numerous sketches. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-216686-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-216686-0">0-00-216686-0</a>.</li> <li>Gagnon, Robert (1996). Anglophones at the C.E.C.M.: a Reflection of the Linguistic Duality of Montréal. Trans. by Peter Keating. Montréal: Commission des écoles catholiques de Montréal. 124 p., ill. with b&w photos. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-920855-98-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-920855-98-0">2-920855-98-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisLyon2004" class="citation book cs1">Harris, David; Lyon, Patricia (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bpxmNNnjBQoC&pg=PP1">Montréal</a>. Fodor's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-1315-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-1315-9"><bdi>978-1-4000-1315-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018183728/https://books.google.com/books?id=bpxmNNnjBQoC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Montr%C3%A9al&rft.pub=Fodor%27s&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-1315-9&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Lyon%2C+Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbpxmNNnjBQoC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Heritage Montréal (1992). Steps in Time = Patrimoine en marche. Montréal: Québécor. 4 vol. of 20, 20 p. each. Text printed "tête-bêche" in English and in French. On title covers: "Montréal, fête, 350 ans".</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsan1990" class="citation book cs1">Marsan, Jean-Claude (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/montrealinevolut00jean">Montreal in evolution</a>. McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0798-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0798-2"><bdi>978-0-7735-0798-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Montreal+in+evolution&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-0798-2&rft.aulast=Marsan&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmontrealinevolut00jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Tomàs, Mariona. "Exploring the metropolitan trap: the case of Montreal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (2012) 36#3 pp: 554–567. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2427.2011.01066.x">10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01066.x</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081010164347/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census/index.cfm">"2006 Census of Canada"</a>. Statistics Canada. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census/index.cfm">the original</a> on October 10, 2008. Retrieved May 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2006+Census+of+Canada&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202162740/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=2466&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=Montreal&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=">"Montreal"</a>. 2006 Census of Canada: Community Profiles. Statistics Canada. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=2466&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=Montreal&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=">the original</a> on December 2, 2008. Retrieved May 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2006+Census+of+Canada%3A+Community+Profiles&rft.atitle=Montreal&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Fprofiles%2Fcommunity%2FDetails%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCD%26Code1%3D2466%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D24%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DMontreal%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontreal" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Natural Resources Canada (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531042123/http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/montreal_e.php">Canadian Geographical Names: Island of Montreal</a>. Retrieved August 29, 2005.</li> <li>Michael Sletcher, "Montréal", in James Ciment, ed., Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History (5 vols., N.Y., 2005).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Montreal" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Montreal">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="1602" data-mwtitle="Montreal.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Montreal.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Montreal.ogg/Montreal.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Quebec"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Quebec"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Quebec"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" title="Administrative divisions of Quebec">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Quebec" title="List of regions of Quebec">Administrative regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">Regional county municipality</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_county_municipalities_and_equivalent_territories_in_Quebec" title="List of regional county municipalities and equivalent territories in Quebec">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Montreal Metropolitan Community (Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Québec">Communauté métropolitaine de Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kativik_Regional_Government" title="Kativik Regional Government">Kativik Regional Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec#Local_level" title="Administrative divisions of Quebec">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of municipalities in Quebec">All municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_municipalities_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of municipalities in Quebec">Types of municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Quebec" title="List of towns in Quebec">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parish_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of parish municipalities in Quebec">Parish municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_township_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of township municipalities in Quebec">Townships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_united_township_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of united township municipalities in Quebec">United townships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_village_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of village municipalities in Quebec">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reserves_in_Quebec" title="List of Indian reserves in Quebec">Indian reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_in_Quebec" title="List of boroughs in Quebec">Boroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomerations_in_Quebec" title="Urban agglomerations in Quebec">Urban agglomerations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke" title="Sherbrooke">Sherbrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lévis, Quebec">Lévis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrebonne,_Quebec" title="Terrebonne, Quebec">Terrebonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Canada#Quebec" title="List of cities in Canada">Other cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma,_Quebec" title="Alma, Quebec">Alma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blainville,_Quebec" title="Blainville, Quebec">Blainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boucherville" title="Boucherville">Boucherville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brossard" title="Brossard">Brossard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambly,_Quebec" title="Chambly, Quebec">Chambly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauguay" title="Châteauguay">Châteauguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_Saint-Luc" title="Côte Saint-Luc">Côte-Saint-Luc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollard-des-Ormeaux" title="Dollard-des-Ormeaux">Dollard-des-Ormeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummondville" title="Drummondville">Drummondville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granby,_Quebec" title="Granby, Quebec">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magog,_Quebec" title="Magog, Quebec">Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascouche" title="Mascouche">Mascouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabel,_Quebec" title="Mirabel, Quebec">Mirabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-Claire" title="Pointe-Claire">Pointe-Claire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repentigny,_Quebec" title="Repentigny, Quebec">Repentigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimouski" title="Rimouski">Rimouski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouyn-Noranda" title="Rouyn-Noranda">Rouyn-Noranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Constant,_Quebec" title="Saint-Constant, Quebec">Saint-Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache,_Quebec" title="Saint-Eustache, Quebec">Saint-Eustache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Quebec" title="Saint-Georges, Quebec">Saint-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hyacinthe,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec">Saint-Hyacinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu" title="Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Jérôme, Quebec">Saint-Jérôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Julie,_Quebec" title="Sainte-Julie, Quebec">Sainte-Julie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaberry-de-Valleyfield" title="Salaberry-de-Valleyfield">Salaberry-de-Valleyfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawinigan" title="Shawinigan">Shawinigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorel-Tracy" title="Sorel-Tracy">Sorel-Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Or" title="Val-d'Or">Val-d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil-Dorion" title="Vaudreuil-Dorion">Vaudreuil-Dorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoriaville" title="Victoriaville">Victoriaville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Quebec" title="List of regions of Quebec">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abitibi-T%C3%A9miscamingue" title="Abitibi-Témiscamingue">Abitibi-Témiscamingue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas-Saint-Laurent" title="Bas-Saint-Laurent">Bas-Saint-Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitale-Nationale" title="Capitale-Nationale">Capitale-Nationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-du-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Centre-du-Québec">Centre-du-Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches" title="Chaudière-Appalaches">Chaudière-Appalaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Nord" title="Côte-Nord">Côte-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrie" title="Estrie">Estrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9sie%E2%80%93%C3%8Eles-de-la-Madeleine" title="Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine">Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanaudi%C3%A8re" title="Lanaudière">Lanaudière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentides" title="Laurentides">Laurentides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauricie" title="Mauricie">Mauricie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9r%C3%A9gie" title="Montérégie">Montérégie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Montreal" title="Urban agglomeration of Montreal">Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-du-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Nord-du-Québec">Nord-du-Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outaouais" title="Outaouais">Outaouais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay%E2%80%93Lac-Saint-Jean" title="Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean">Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_county_municipalities_and_equivalent_territories_in_Quebec" title="List of regional county municipalities and equivalent territories in Quebec">Regional county municipalities and equivalent territories(*)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abitibi_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Abitibi Regional County Municipality">Abitibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abitibi-Ouest_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Abitibi-Ouest Regional County Municipality">Abitibi-Ouest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Acton Regional County Municipality">Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Labelle_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Antoine-Labelle Regional County Municipality">Antoine-Labelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Argenteuil Regional County Municipality">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthabaska_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Arthabaska Regional County Municipality">Arthabaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Avignon Regional County Municipality">Avignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauce-Centre_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Centre Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Sartigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauharnois-Salaberry_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauharnois-Salaberry Regional County Municipality">Beauharnois-Salaberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9cancour_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Bécancour Regional County Municipality">Bécancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellechasse_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Bellechasse Regional County Municipality">Bellechasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Bonaventure Regional County Municipality">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brome-Missisquoi_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality">Brome-Missisquoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caniapiscau_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality">Caniapiscau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlevoix_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Charlevoix Regional County Municipality">Charlevoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlevoix-Est_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality">Charlevoix-Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaticook_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Coaticook Regional County Municipality">Coaticook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Autray_Regional_County_Municipality" title="D'Autray Regional County Municipality">D'Autray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deux-Montagnes_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Deux-Montagnes Regional County Municipality">Deux-Montagnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummond_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Drummond Regional County Municipality">Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eeyou_Istchee_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eeyou Istchee (territory)">Eeyou Istchee*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam%C3%A9sie,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamésie, Quebec">Jamésie*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joliette_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Joliette Regional County Municipality">Joliette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamouraska_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Kamouraska Regional County Municipality">Kamouraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kativik,_Quebec" title="Kativik, Quebec">Kativik*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_C%C3%B4te-de-Beaupr%C3%A9_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality">La Côte-de-Beaupré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_C%C3%B4te-de-Gasp%C3%A9_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Côte-de-Gaspé Regional County Municipality">La Côte-de-Gaspé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Jean-Est_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality">Lac-Saint-Jean-Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Haute-C%C3%B4te-Nord_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Haute-Côte-Nord Regional County Municipality">La Haute-Côte-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Haute-Gasp%C3%A9sie_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Haute-Gaspésie Regional County Municipality">La Haute-Gaspésie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Haute-Yamaska_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Haute-Yamaska Regional County Municipality">La Haute-Yamaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jacques-Cartier_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality">La Jacques-Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Matap%C3%A9dia_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Matapédia Regional County Municipality">La Matapédia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mitis_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Mitis Regional County Municipality">La Mitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Nouvelle-Beauce_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality">La Nouvelle-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Nord_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Rivière-du-Nord Regional County Municipality">La Rivière-du-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Assomption_Regional_County_Municipality" title="L'Assomption Regional County Municipality">L'Assomption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tuque_(census_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Tuque (census division)">La Tuque*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vall%C3%A9e-de-la-Gatineau_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality">La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vall%C3%A9e-de-l%27Or_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality">La Vallée-de-l'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vall%C3%A9e-du-Richelieu_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality">La Vallée-du-Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Domaine-du-Roy_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality">Le Domaine-du-Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Fjord-du-Saguenay_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality">Le Fjord-du-Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality">Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Granit_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Le Granit Regional County Municipality">Le Granit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Haut-Richelieu_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality">Le Haut-Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Haut-Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality">Le Haut-Saint-François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Haut-Saint-Laurent_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Le Haut-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality">Le Haut-Saint-Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89rable_Regional_County_Municipality" title="L'Érable Regional County Municipality">L'Érable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Rocher-Perc%C3%A9_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Le Rocher-Percé Regional County Municipality">Le Rocher-Percé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Appalaches_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality">Les Appalaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Basques_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Basques Regional County Municipality">Les Basques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Chenaux_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality">Les Chenaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Collines-de-l%27Outaouais_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais Regional County Municipality">Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Etchemins_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Etchemins Regional County Municipality">Les Etchemins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Islands" title="Magdalen Islands">Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Jardins-de-Napierville_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Jardins-de-Napierville Regional County Municipality">Les Jardins-de-Napierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Laurentides_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Laurentides Regional County Municipality">Les Laurentides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Maskoutains_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Maskoutains Regional County Municipality">Les Maskoutains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Moulins_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Moulins Regional County Municipality">Les Moulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Pays-d%27en-Haut_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Pays-d'en-Haut Regional County Municipality">Les Pays-d'en-Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Sources_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Sources Regional County Municipality">Les Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Val-Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Le Val-Saint-François Regional County Municipality">Le Val-Saint-François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lévis, Quebec">Lévis*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_Regional_County_Municipality" title="L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality">L'Île-d'Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Islet_Regional_County_Municipality" title="L'Islet Regional County Municipality">L'Islet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Longueuil" title="Urban agglomeration of Longueuil">Longueuil*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotbini%C3%A8re_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Lotbinière Regional County Municipality">Lotbinière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manicouagan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Manicouagan Regional County Municipality">Manicouagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria-Chapdelaine_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Maria-Chapdelaine Regional County Municipality">Maria-Chapdelaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite-D%27Youville_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Marguerite-D'Youville Regional County Municipality">Marguerite-D'Youville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskinong%C3%A9_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Maskinongé Regional County Municipality">Maskinongé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Matanie_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Matanie Regional County Municipality">La Matanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matawinie_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Matawinie Regional County Municipality">Matawinie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9kinac_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Mékinac Regional County Municipality">Mékinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphr%C3%A9magog_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality">Memphrémagog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minganie_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Minganie Regional County Municipality">Minganie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabel,_Quebec" title="Mirabel, Quebec">Mirabel*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montcalm_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Montcalm Regional County Municipality">Montcalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmagny_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Montmagny Regional County Municipality">Montmagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal (region)">Montréal*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolet-Yamaska_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality">Nicolet-Yamaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papineau_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Papineau Regional County Municipality">Papineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-De_Saurel_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality">Pierre-De Saurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Pontiac Regional County Municipality">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portneuf_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Portneuf Regional County Municipality">Portneuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_(census_division)" title="Quebec (census division)">Québec*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimouski-Neigette_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Rimouski-Neigette Regional County Municipality">Rimouski-Neigette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Loup_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Rivière-du-Loup Regional County Municipality">Rivière-du-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roussillon_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Roussillon Regional County Municipality">Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouville_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Rouville Regional County Municipality">Rouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouyn-Noranda" title="Rouyn-Noranda">Rouyn-Noranda*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept-Rivi%C3%A8res_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Sept-Rivières Regional County Municipality">Sept-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawinigan" title="Shawinigan">Shawinigan*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke" title="Sherbrooke">Sherbrooke*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9miscamingue_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality">Témiscamingue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9miscouata_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Témiscouata Regional County Municipality">Témiscouata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se-De_Blainville_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Thérèse-De Blainville Regional County Municipality">Thérèse-De Blainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil-Soulanges_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Vaudreuil-Soulanges Regional County Municipality">Vaudreuil-Soulanges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Montreal" title="Urban agglomeration of Montreal">Montréal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">Regional county municipalities and equivalent territories</a>(*)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal (region)">Montréal*</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Municipalities</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baie-d%27Urf%C3%A9,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Baie-d'Urfé, Quebec">Baie-d'Urfé</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield,_Quebec" title="Beaconsfield, Quebec">Beaconsfield</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_Saint-Luc" title="Côte Saint-Luc">Côte Saint-Luc</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dollard-des-Ormeaux" title="Dollard-des-Ormeaux">Dollard-des-Ormeaux</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dorval" title="Dorval">Dorval</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hampstead,_Quebec" title="Hampstead, Quebec">Hampstead</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_Quebec" title="Kirkland, Quebec">Kirkland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Dorval" title="L'Île-Dorval">L'Île-Dorval</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal,_Quebec" title="Mount Royal, Quebec">Mont-Royal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal">Montréal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Est,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Est, Quebec">Montréal-Est</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Montreal_West,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal West, Quebec">Montréal-Ouest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pointe-Claire" title="Pointe-Claire">Pointe-Claire</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec">Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Senneville,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Senneville, Quebec">Senneville</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Westmount,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount, Quebec">Westmount</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal:Canada</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Montreal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Montreal" title="Template:Montreal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Montreal" title="Template talk:Montreal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Montreal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Montreal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal" title="Coat of arms of Montreal">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montreal" title="Demographics of Montreal">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Montreal" title="Flag of Montreal">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Montreal" title="Name of Montreal">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Montreal" title="List of people from Montreal">Notable Montrealers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sister_cities">Sister cities</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Montreal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Montreal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/100px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/150px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/200px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="217" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expo_67" title="Expo 67">Expo 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(village)" title="Hochelaga (village)">Hochelaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Montreal" title="List of mayors of Montreal">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_District" title="Montreal District">Montreal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metropolitan_Commission" title="Montreal Metropolitan Commission">Montreal Metropolitan Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Urban_Community" title="Montreal Urban Community">Montreal Urban Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Montreal" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Montreal">National Historic Sites of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Crisis" title="October Crisis">October Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_and_structures_in_Montreal" title="List of oldest buildings and structures in Montreal">Oldest buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%9306_municipal_reorganization_of_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="2002–06 municipal reorganization of Montreal">2002–06 reorganization of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Montreal_history" title="Timeline of Montreal history">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montreal" title="Geography of Montreal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Montreal" title="Downtown Montreal">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_Archipelago" title="Hochelaga Archipelago">Hochelaga Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmarks_of_Montreal" title="Landmarks of Montreal">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal" title="Mount Royal">Mount Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Montreal" title="List of neighbourhoods in Montreal">Neighbourhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Montreal" title="Old Port of Montreal">Old Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Montreal" title="List of parks in Montreal">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Prairies" title="Rivière des Prairies">Rivière des Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Island" title="West Island">West Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_2025" title="Montréal 2025">Montréal 2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montreal" title="Economy of Montreal">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Trade_of_Metropolitan_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Trade of Metropolitan Montreal">Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Exchange" title="Montreal Exchange">Montreal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque_Boulevard" title="René Lévesque Boulevard">René Lévesque Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Jacques_Street" title="Saint Jacques Street">Saint Jacques Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Montreal" title="List of tallest buildings in Montreal">Skyscrapers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montreal" title="Politics of Montreal">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal" title="Boroughs of Montreal">Boroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_City_Council" title="Montreal City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Montreal_municipal_elections" title="List of Montreal municipal elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Montreal" title="Mayor of Montreal">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_of_Montreal" title="Municipal government of Montreal">Municipal government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Montreal)" title="List of leaders of the Official Opposition (Montreal)">Opposition leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_political_parties_in_Montreal" title="Municipal political parties in Montreal">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urgences-sant%C3%A9" title="Urgences-santé">Urgences-santé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_incendie_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Service de sécurité incendie de Montréal">Service de sécurité incendie de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Montreal" title="List of hospitals in Montreal">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_de_police_de_la_Ville_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Service de police de la Ville de Montréal">Service de police de la Ville de Montréal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Montreal" title="Education in Montreal">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Montreal_School_Board" title="English Montreal School Board">English Montreal SB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson_School_Board" title="Lester B. Pearson School Board">Lester B. Pearson SB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_University" title="Concordia University">Concordia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_services_scolaire_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Centre de services scolaire de Montréal">CSS de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_services_scolaire_Marguerite-Bourgeoys" title="Centre de services scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys">CSS Marguerite-Bourgeoys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_services_scolaire_de_la_Pointe-de-l%27%C3%8Ele" title="Centre de services scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île">CSS de la Pointe-de-l'Île</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_technologie_sup%C3%A9rieure" title="École de technologie supérieure">École de technologie supérieure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_%C3%A0_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université du Québec à Montréal">Université du Québec à Montréal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Public_Libraries_Network" title="Montreal Public Libraries Network">Montreal Public Libraries Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Public_Library_(Montreal)" title="Jewish Public Library (Montreal)">Jewish Public Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montreal" title="Culture of Montreal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Montreal" title="Architecture of Montreal">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montreal#Cuisine" title="Culture of Montreal">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_and_parades_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Festivals and parades in Montreal">Festivals and parades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_in_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal in films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Montreal" title="Media in Montreal">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Montreal" title="List of museums in Montreal">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Montreal_music_groups" title="List of Montreal music groups">Music groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of shopping malls in Montreal">Shopping malls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Montreal" title="Sports in Montreal">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Montreal" title="Tourism in Montreal">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Montreal">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roports_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Aéroports de Montréal">Aéroports de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_to_the_Island_of_Montreal" title="List of bridges to the Island of Montreal">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Central_Station" title="Montreal Central Station">Central Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27autocars_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Gare d'autocars de Montréal">Gare d'autocars de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport">Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Montreal" title="Port of Montreal">Port of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_transport_m%C3%A9tropolitain" class="mw-redirect" title="Réseau de transport métropolitain">Réseau de transport métropolitain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of roads in Montreal">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Société de transport de Montréal">Société de transport de Montréal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Montreal" title="Category:Montreal">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Montreal" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Montreal">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Montreal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Montreal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Montreal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Prairies" title="Rivière des Prairies">Rivière des Prairies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Prairies" title="Rivière des Prairies">Rivière des Prairies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Prairies" title="Rivière des Prairies">Rivière des Prairies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Repentigny,_Quebec" title="Repentigny, Quebec">Repentigny</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/West_Island" title="West Island">West Island</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Montreal<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boucherville" title="Boucherville">Boucherville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varennes,_Quebec" title="Varennes, Quebec">Varennes</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Prairie,_Quebec" title="La Prairie, Quebec">La Prairie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candiac,_Quebec" title="Candiac, Quebec">Candiac</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Lambert,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Lambert, Quebec">Saint-Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brossard" title="Brossard">Brossard</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Landmarks_of_Montreal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Montreal_landmarks" title="Template:Montreal landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Montreal_landmarks" title="Template talk:Montreal landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_of_Montreal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Landmarks_of_Montreal" title="Landmarks of Montreal">Landmarks of Montreal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Montreal" title="List of museums in Montreal">Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Ramezay" title="Château Ramezay">Château Ramezay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_d%27histoire_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Centre d'histoire de Montréal">Centre d'histoire de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Biodome" title="Montreal Biodome">Biodome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_Saint-Gabriel_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison Saint-Gabriel Museum">Maison Saint-Gabriel Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Biosph%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Biosphère">Montreal Biosphère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Centre_for_Architecture" title="Canadian Centre for Architecture">Canadian Centre for Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCord_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="McCord Museum">McCord Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Insectarium" title="Montreal Insectarium">Montreal Insectarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Montreal Museum of Fine Arts">Montreal Museum of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27art_contemporain_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal">Musée d'art contemporain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Calli%C3%A8re_Museum" title="Pointe-à-Callière Museum">Pointe-à-Callière Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redpath_Museum" title="Redpath Museum">Redpath Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_Alcan_Planetarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium">Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fur_Trade_at_Lachine_National_Historic_Site" title="The Fur Trade at Lachine National Historic Site">The Fur Trade at Lachine National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Science_Centre" title="Montreal Science Centre">Montreal Science Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier_National_Historic_Site" title="Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site">Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Montreal" title="Category:Churches in Montreal">Churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral_(Montreal)" title="Christ Church Cathedral (Montreal)">Christ Church Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Michael_and_St._Anthony" title="Church of St. Michael and St. Anthony">Church of St. Michael and St. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_the_World_Cathedral" title="Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral">Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Basilica_(Montreal)" title="Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)">Notre-Dame Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_United_Church_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint James United Church (Montreal)">Saint James United Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Oratory" title="Saint Joseph's Oratory">Saint Joseph's Oratory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Montreal" title="List of tallest buildings in Montreal">Skyscrapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1000_de_La_Gaucheti%C3%A8re" title="1000 de La Gauchetière">1000 de La Gauchetière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1250_Ren%C3%A9-L%C3%A9vesque" title="1250 René-Lévesque">1250 René-Lévesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1501_McGill_College" title="1501 McGill College">1501 McGill College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_de_la_Bourse" title="Tour de la Bourse">Tour de la Bourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Ville_Marie" title="Place Ville Marie">Place Ville Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_CIBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Tour CIBC">Tour CIBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Life_Building" title="Sun Life Building">Sun Life Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complexe_Desjardins" title="Complexe Desjardins">Complexe Desjardins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmount_Square" title="Westmount Square">Westmount Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_Radio-Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison Radio-Canada">Maison Radio-Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atwater_Market" title="Atwater Market">Atwater Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Centre" title="Bell Centre">Bell Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibeau_Orange_Julep" title="Gibeau Orange Julep">Big Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsecours_Market" title="Bonsecours Market">Bonsecours Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Dufresne" title="Château Dufresne">Château Dufresne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Biblioth%C3%A8que" title="Grande Bibliothèque">Grande Bibliothèque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_67" title="Habitat 67">Habitat 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitations_Jeanne-Mance" title="Habitations Jeanne-Mance">Habitations Jeanne-Mance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurtubise_House" title="Hurtubise House">Hurtubise House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Talon_Market" title="Jean-Talon Market">Jean-Talon Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_Building_(McGill_University)" title="Arts Building (McGill University)">McCall MacBain Arts Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Casino" title="Montreal Casino">Montreal Casino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_City_Hall" title="Montreal City Hall">Montreal City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Clock_Tower" title="Montreal Clock Tower">Montreal Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Forum" title="Montreal Forum">Montreal Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_Chalet" title="Mount Royal Chalet">Mount Royal Chalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_Cross" title="Mount Royal Cross">Mount Royal Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Park_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Park (Montreal)">Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_des_congr%C3%A8s_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Palais des congrès de Montréal">Palais des congrès de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peck_Building" title="Peck Building">Peck Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Bonaventure" title="Place Bonaventure">Place Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Arts" title="Place des Arts">Place des Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Technoparc" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Technoparc">Technoparc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_City,_Montreal" title="Underground City, Montreal">Underground City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Station_(Montreal)" title="Windsor Station (Montreal)">Windsor Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Centre_Montreal" title="World Trade Centre Montreal">World Trade Centre Montreal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Montreal" title="List of parks in Montreal">Nature and parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angrignon_Park" title="Angrignon Park">Angrignon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-de-l%27%C3%8Ele-Bizard_Nature_Park" title="Bois-de-l'Île-Bizard Nature Park">Bois-de-l'Île-Bizard Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-de-Liesse_Nature_Park" title="Bois-de-Liesse Nature Park">Bois-de-Liesse Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap-Saint-Jacques_Nature_Park" title="Cap-Saint-Jacques Nature Park">Cap-Saint-Jacques Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarry_Park" title="Jarry Park">Jarry Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Jean-Drapeau" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc Jean-Drapeau">Parc Jean-Drapeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne-Mance_Park" title="Jeanne-Mance Park">Jeanne-Mance Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachine_Canal" title="Lachine Canal">Lachine Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fontaine_Park" title="La Fontaine Park">La Fontaine Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse-%C3%A0-l%27Orme_Nature_Park" title="L'Anse-à-l'Orme Nature Park">L'Anse-à-l'Orme Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisonneuve_Park" title="Maisonneuve Park">Maisonneuve Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Botanical_Garden" title="Montreal Botanical Garden">Montreal Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal" title="Mount Royal">Mount Royal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier_Monument" title="George-Étienne Cartier Monument">George-Étienne Cartier Monument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Montreal" title="Old Port of Montreal">Old Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Park,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Park, Montreal">Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Park,_Montreal" title="Oxford Park, Montreal">Oxford Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-aux-Prairies_Nature_Park" title="Pointe-aux-Prairies Nature Park">Pointe-aux-Prairies Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruisseau-De_Montigny_Nature_Park" title="Ruisseau-De Montigny Nature Park">Ruisseau-De Montigny Nature Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Montreal#Urban_squares" title="List of parks in Montreal">Squares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabot_Square,_Montreal" title="Cabot Square, Montreal">Cabot Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Champ de Mars, Montreal">Champ de Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Square" title="Dorchester Square">Dorchester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Square" title="Phillips Square">Phillips Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_d%27Armes" title="Place d'Armes">Place d'Armes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Canada" title="Place du Canada">Place du Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_%C3%89milie-Gamelin" title="Place Émilie-Gamelin">Place Émilie-Gamelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Jacques-Cartier" title="Place Jacques-Cartier">Place Jacques-Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Jean-Paul_Riopelle" title="Place Jean-Paul Riopelle">Place Jean-Paul Riopelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis_Square" title="Saint-Louis Square">Saint-Louis Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Square,_Montreal" title="Victoria Square, Montreal">Victoria Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_d%27Youville" title="Place d'Youville">Place d'Youville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_Archipelago" title="Hochelaga Archipelago">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Bizard" title="Île Bizard">Île Bizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_la_Visitation" title="Île de la Visitation">Île de la Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montreal" title="Island of Montreal">Island of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Island" title="Notre Dame Island">Notre Dame Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuns%27_Island" title="Nuns' Island">Nuns' Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helen%27s_Island" title="Saint Helen's Island">Saint Helen's Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Montreal" title="Transportation in Montreal">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Central_Station" title="Montreal Central Station">Central Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Montreal Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_express_m%C3%A9tropolitain" title="Réseau express métropolitain">Réseau express métropolitain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Société de transport de Montréal">Société de transport de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exo_(public_transit)" title="Exo (public transit)">Exo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27autocars_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Gare d'autocars de Montréal">Gare d'autocars de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport">Trudeau Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Festivals_and_parades_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Festivals and parades in Montreal">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="Canadian Grand Prix">Canadian Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divers/Cit%C3%A9" title="Divers/Cité">Divers/Cité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_International_Film_Festival" title="Fantasia International Film Festival">Fantasia International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_du_Nouveau_Cin%C3%A9ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival du Nouveau Cinéma">Festival of New Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_FrancoFolies_de_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Les FrancoFolies de Montréal">Les FrancoFolies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_for_Laughs" title="Just for Laughs">Just for Laughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27International_des_Feux_Loto-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="L'International des Feux Loto-Québec">Montreal Fireworks Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal International Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_World_Film_Festival" title="Montreal World Film Festival">Montreal World Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam-Tams" title="Tam-Tams">Tam-Tams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_des_Neiges_Cemetery" title="Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery">Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Establishments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairmount_Bagel" title="Fairmount Bagel">Fairmount Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Banquise" title="La Banquise">La Banquise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ronde_(amusement_park)" title="La Ronde (amusement park)">La Ronde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Pool_Room" title="Montreal Pool Room">Montreal Pool Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwartz%27s" title="Schwartz's">Schwartz's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St-Viateur_Bagel" title="St-Viateur Bagel">St-Viateur Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilensky%27s" title="Wilensky's">Wilensky's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Montreal" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Montreal">National Historic Sites in Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_places_in_Montreal" title="List of historic places in Montreal">Historic places in Montreal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Montreal" title="Category:Montreal">Category:Montreal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Montreal" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Montreal">WikiProject:Montreal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roads,_bridges_and_tunnels_in_Montreal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Streets_in_Montreal" title="Template:Streets in Montreal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Streets_in_Montreal" title="Template talk:Streets in Montreal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Streets_in_Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Streets in Montreal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roads,_bridges_and_tunnels_in_Montreal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Roads, <a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_to_the_Island_of_Montreal" title="List of bridges to the Island of Montreal">bridges</a> and tunnels in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montreal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North–south streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Saint-Charles" title="Boulevard Saint-Charles">Boulevard Saint-Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Saint-Jean" title="Boulevard Saint-Jean">Boulevard Saint-Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Des_Sources" title="Boulevard Des Sources">Boulevard Des Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_117" title="Quebec Route 117">Laurentian Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9carie_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Décarie Boulevard">Décarie Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_Avenue_(Montreal)" title="Greene Avenue (Montreal)">Greene Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atwater_Avenue" title="Atwater Avenue">Atwater Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges_Road" title="Côte-des-Neiges Road">Côte-des-Neiges Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Street" title="Guy Street">Guy Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackay_Street" title="Mackay Street">Mackay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Street" title="Bishop Street">Bishop Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Street" title="Crescent Street">Crescent Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_la_Montagne_Street" title="De la Montagne Street">Mountain Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummond_Street_(Montreal)" title="Drummond Street (Montreal)">Drummond Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Street_(Montreal)" title="Stanley Street (Montreal)">Stanley Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_Street_(Montreal)" title="Peel Street (Montreal)">Peel Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalfe_Street_(Montreal)" title="Metcalfe Street (Montreal)">Metcalfe Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McTavish_Street" title="McTavish Street">McTavish Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Street_(Montreal)" title="Mansfield Street (Montreal)">Mansfield Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_College_Avenue" title="McGill College Avenue">McGill College Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert-Bourassa_Boulevard_%E2%80%94_University_Street" title="Robert-Bourassa Boulevard — University Street">Robert-Bourassa Boulevard / University Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_Street_(Montreal)" title="McGill Street (Montreal)">McGill Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_(Montreal)" title="Park Avenue (Montreal)">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne-Mance_Street" title="Jeanne-Mance Street">Jeanne-Mance Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Urbain_Street" title="Saint Urbain Street">Saint Urbain Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Laurent_Boulevard" title="Saint Laurent Boulevard">Saint Laurent Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Street" title="Saint Denis Street">Saint Denis Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berri_Street" title="Berri Street">Berri Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Hubert_Street" title="Saint Hubert Street">Saint Hubert Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Colomb_Avenue" title="Christophe Colomb Avenue">Christophe Colomb Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papineau_Avenue" title="Papineau Avenue">Papineau Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Lorimier_Avenue" title="De Lorimier Avenue">De Lorimier Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Iberville_Street" title="D'Iberville Street">D'Iberville Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel_Boulevard_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Michel Boulevard (Montreal)">Saint-Michel Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie-IX_Boulevard" title="Pie-IX Boulevard">Pie-IX Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacordaire_Boulevard" title="Lacordaire Boulevard">Lacordaire Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_L%27Assomption_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="De L'Assomption Boulevard">De L'Assomption Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langelier_Boulevard" title="Langelier Boulevard">Langelier Boulevard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East–west streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Commune" title="Rue de la Commune">Rue de la Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Street_(Montreal)" title="Wellington Street (Montreal)">Wellington Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick_Street" title="Saint Patrick Street">Saint Patrick Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul_Street_(Montreal)" title="Saint-Paul Street (Montreal)">Saint-Paul Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Street" title="Notre-Dame Street">Notre-Dame Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Jacques_Street" title="Saint Jacques Street">Saint Jacques Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Antoine_Street" title="Saint Antoine Street">Saint Antoine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_la_Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street" title="De la Gauchetière Street">De la Gauchetière Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque_Boulevard" title="René Lévesque Boulevard">René Lévesque Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine_Street" title="Saint Catherine Street">Saint Catherine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Maisonneuve_Boulevard" title="De Maisonneuve Boulevard">De Maisonneuve Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Street_(Montreal)" title="Ontario Street (Montreal)">Ontario Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke_Street" title="Sherbrooke Street">Sherbrooke Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Penfield_Avenue" title="Doctor Penfield Avenue">Doctor Penfield Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Avenue" title="Pine Avenue">Pine Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_Avenue" title="Mount Royal Avenue">Mount Royal Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph_Boulevard" title="Saint Joseph Boulevard">Saint Joseph Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurier_Avenue_(Montreal)" title="Laurier Avenue (Montreal)">Laurier Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Saint-Luc_Road" title="Côte-Saint-Luc Road">Côte-Saint-Luc Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_Road" title="Queen Mary Road">Queen Mary Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Sainte-Catherine_Road" title="Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road">Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaubien_Street" title="Beaubien Street">Beaubien Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Horne_Avenue" title="Van Horne Avenue">Van Horne Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Talon_Street" title="Jean Talon Street">Jean Talon Street</a></li> <li>Jarry Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Vertu_Boulevard" title="Côte-Vertu Boulevard">Côte-Vertu Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bourassa_Boulevard" title="Henri Bourassa Boulevard">Henri Bourassa Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds_Boulevard" title="Pierrefonds Boulevard">Pierrefonds Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouin_Boulevard" title="Gouin Boulevard">Gouin Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Boulevard" title="LaSalle Boulevard">LaSalle Boulevard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoroutes_of_Quebec" title="Autoroutes of Quebec">Expressways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_10" title="Quebec Autoroute 10">A-10 (Bonaventure)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_13" title="Quebec Autoroute 13">A-13 (Chomedey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_15" title="Quebec Autoroute 15">A-15 (Décarie / Des Laurentides)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_19" title="Quebec Autoroute 19">A-19 (Papineau)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_20" title="Quebec Autoroute 20">A-20 (Du Souvenir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_25" title="Quebec Autoroute 25">A-25 (Louis-H.-Lafontaine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_40" title="Quebec Autoroute 40">A-40 (Metropolitan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_520" title="Quebec Autoroute 520">A-520 (Côte-de-Liesse)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9carie_Interchange" title="Décarie Interchange">Décarie Interchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turcot_Interchange" title="Turcot Interchange">Turcot Interchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_provincial_highways" title="List of Quebec provincial highways">Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_112" title="Quebec Route 112">Route 112 (Bridge / Mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_117" title="Quebec Route 117">Route 117 (Laurentian / Marcel Laurin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_125" title="Quebec Route 125">Route 125 (Pie-IX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_134" title="Quebec Route 134">Route 134 (Papineau / De Lorimier)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_136_(Montreal)" title="Quebec Route 136 (Montreal)">Route 136 (Ville-Marie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_138" title="Quebec Route 138">Route 138 (Sherbrooke / Saint-Jacques)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_335" title="Quebec Route 335">Route 335 (Saint-Denis / Lajeunesse)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_to_the_Island_of_Montreal" title="List of bridges to the Island of Montreal">Bridges and tunnels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel-De_Champlain_Bridge" title="Samuel-De Champlain Bridge">Samuel-De Champlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Bridge" title="Charles de Gaulle Bridge">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galipeault_Bridge" title="Galipeault Bridge">Galipeault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Mercier_Bridge" title="Honoré Mercier Bridge">Honoré Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Bridge" title="Jacques Cartier Bridge">Jacques Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_aux_Tourtes_Bridge" title="Île aux Tourtes Bridge">Île aux Tourtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Hippolyte_Lafontaine_Bridge%E2%80%93Tunnel" title="Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel">Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bisson_Bridge" title="Louis Bisson Bridge">Louis Bisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Martin_Bridge" title="Médéric Martin Bridge">Médéric Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier-Charbonneau_Bridge" title="Olivier-Charbonneau Bridge">Olivier-Charbonneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papineau-Leblanc_Bridge" title="Papineau-Leblanc Bridge">Papineau-Leblanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_IX_Bridge" title="Pie IX Bridge">Pie IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Gardeur_Bridge" title="Le Gardeur Bridge">Le Gardeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viau_Bridge" title="Viau Bridge">Viau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_136_(Montreal)" title="Quebec Route 136 (Montreal)">Ville-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Bridge_(Montreal)" title="Victoria Bridge (Montreal)">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Montreal" title="Category:Montreal">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Montreal" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Montreal">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_agglomeration_of_Montreal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Montreal_neighbourhoods" title="Template:Montreal neighbourhoods"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Montreal_neighbourhoods" title="Template talk:Montreal neighbourhoods"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal_neighbourhoods" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal neighbourhoods"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_agglomeration_of_Montreal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Montreal" title="Urban agglomeration of Montreal">Urban agglomeration of Montreal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_Saint-Luc" title="Côte Saint-Luc">Côte Saint-Luc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead,_Quebec" title="Hampstead, Quebec">Hampstead</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Est,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Est, Quebec">Montréal-Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_West,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal West, Quebec">Montreal West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal,_Quebec" title="Mount Royal, Quebec">Mount Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmount,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount, Quebec">Westmount</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="West_Island" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Island" title="West Island">West Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baie-D%27Urf%C3%A9" title="Baie-D'Urfé">Baie-D'Urfé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield,_Quebec" title="Beaconsfield, Quebec">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollard-des-Ormeaux" title="Dollard-des-Ormeaux">Dollard-des-Ormeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorval" title="Dorval">Dorval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_Quebec" title="Kirkland, Quebec">Kirkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Dorval" title="L'Île-Dorval">L'Île-Dorval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-Claire" title="Pointe-Claire">Pointe-Claire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue" title="Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue">Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senneville,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Senneville, Quebec">Senneville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Montreal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Montreal Flag"><img alt="Montreal Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/80px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/120px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/160px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="217" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal" title="Boroughs of Montreal">Boroughs of Montreal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahuntsic-Cartierville" title="Ahuntsic-Cartierville">Ahuntsic-Cartierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjou,_Quebec" title="Anjou, Quebec">Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges%E2%80%93Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" title="Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce">Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Bizard%E2%80%93Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve" title="L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève">L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachine,_Quebec" title="Lachine, Quebec">Lachine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle,_Quebec" title="LaSalle, Quebec">LaSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercier%E2%80%93Hochelaga-Maisonneuve" title="Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve">Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Nord" title="Montréal-Nord">Montréal-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outremont,_Quebec" title="Outremont, Quebec">Outremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds-Roxboro" title="Pierrefonds-Roxboro">Pierrefonds-Roxboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Plateau-Mont-Royal" title="Le Plateau-Mont-Royal">Le Plateau-Mont-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-des-Prairies%E2%80%93Pointe-aux-Trembles" title="Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles">Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemont%E2%80%93La_Petite-Patrie" title="Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie">Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Sud-Ouest" title="Le Sud-Ouest">Le Sud-Ouest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent,_Quebec" title="Saint-Laurent, Quebec">Saint-Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Leonard,_Quebec" title="Saint-Leonard, Quebec">Saint-Léonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun,_Quebec" title="Verdun, Quebec">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville-Marie,_Montreal" title="Ville-Marie, Montreal">Ville-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeray%E2%80%93Saint-Michel%E2%80%93Parc-Extension" title="Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension">Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Montreal" title="List of neighbourhoods in Montreal">Neighbourhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City of Montreal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahuntsic" title="Ahuntsic">Ahuntsic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Farm" title="Benny Farm">Benny Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-Franc,_Montreal" title="Bois-Franc, Montreal">Bois-Franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartierville" title="Cartierville">Cartierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Sud" title="Centre-Sud">Centre-Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Montreal" title="Chinatown, Montreal">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_du_Havre" title="Cité du Havre">Cité du Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_du_Multim%C3%A9dia" title="Cité du Multimédia">Cité Multimédia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4te-de-Liesse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Côte-de-Liesse (page does not exist)">Côte-de-Liesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges" title="Côte-des-Neiges">Côte-des-Neiges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Saint-Paul" title="Côte-Saint-Paul">Côte-Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darlington,_Montreal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darlington, Montreal (page does not exist)">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Montreal" title="Downtown Montreal">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faubourg_%C3%A0_m%27lasse" title="Faubourg à m'lasse">Faubourg à m'lasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faubourg_Saint-Laurent" title="Faubourg Saint-Laurent">Faubourg Saint-Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garment_District,_Montreal" title="Garment District, Montreal">Garment District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Village,_Montreal" title="Gay Village, Montreal">Gay Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenmount,_Montreal" title="Glenmount, Montreal">Glenmount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_Mile" title="Golden Square Mile">Golden Square Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Village" title="Goose Village">Goose Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greektown,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Greektown, Montreal">Greektown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffintown" title="Griffintown">Griffintown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Jewish_Quarter,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Jewish Quarter, Montreal">Historic Jewish Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochelaga-Maisonneuve" title="Hochelaga-Maisonneuve">Hochelaga-Maisonneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Bizard,_Quebec" title="L'Île-Bizard, Quebec">L'Île-Bizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Elot-Trafalgar-Gleneagles" title="Îlot-Trafalgar-Gleneagles">Îlot-Trafalgar-Gleneagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Burgundy" title="Little Burgundy">Little Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Montreal" title="Little Italy, Montreal">Little Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Maghreb" title="Little Maghreb">Little Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Portugal,_Montreal" title="Little Portugal, Montreal">Little Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercier,_Montreal" title="Mercier, Montreal">Mercier</a> (Tétreaultville, Longue-Pointe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_End,_Montreal" title="Mile End, Montreal">Mile End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Park,_Montreal" title="Milton Park, Montreal">Milton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkland_Village" title="Monkland Village">Monkland Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau-Bordeaux" title="Nouveau-Bordeaux">Nouveau-Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuns%27_Island" title="Nuns' Island">Nuns' Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Montreal" title="Old Montreal">Old Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overdale,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Overdale, Montreal">Overdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Extension" title="Park Extension">Park Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Petite-Patrie" title="La Petite-Patrie">La Petite-Patrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds,_Quebec" title="Pierrefonds, Quebec">Pierrefonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-Saint-Charles" title="Pointe-Saint-Charles">Pointe-Saint-Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-aux-Trembles" title="Pointe-aux-Trembles">Pointe-aux-Trembles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Windsor" title="Quad Windsor">Quad Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quartier_Bonaventure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quartier Bonaventure (page does not exist)">Quartier Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartier_Concordia" title="Quartier Concordia">Quartier Concordia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartier_international_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Quartier international de Montréal">Quartier International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartier_Latin,_Montreal" title="Quartier Latin, Montreal">Quartier Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_Mile#Quartier_du_Mus.C3.A9e" title="Golden Square Mile">Quartier du Musée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartier_des_spectacles" title="Quartier des spectacles">Quartier des spectacles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-Light_District,_Montreal" title="Red-Light District, Montreal">Red-Light District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-des-Prairies,_Quebec" title="Rivière-des-Prairies, Quebec">Rivière-des-Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemont,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosemont, Montreal">Rosemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxboro,_Quebec" title="Roxboro, Quebec">Roxboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Henri,_Montreal" title="Saint-Henri, Montreal">Saint-Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie,_Montreal" title="Sainte-Marie, Montreal">Sainte-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel,_Montreal" title="Saint-Michel, Montreal">Saint-Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve,_Quebec" title="Sainte-Geneviève, Quebec">Sainte-Geneviève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraguay,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraguay, Montreal">Saraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sault-au-R%C3%A9collet" title="Sault-au-Récollet">Sault-au-Récollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaughnessy_Village" title="Shaughnessy Village">Shaughnessy Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowdon,_Montreal" title="Snowdon, Montreal">Snowdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Triangle" title="Le Triangle">Le Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viauville" title="Viauville">Viauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville-%C3%89mard" title="Ville-Émard">Ville-Émard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville_Saint-Pierre" title="Ville Saint-Pierre">Ville Saint-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeray,_Montreal" title="Villeray, Montreal">Villeray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pointe-Claire: <a href="/wiki/Valois,_Pointe-Claire" title="Valois, Pointe-Claire">Valois</a></li> <li>Westmount: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Village,_Westmount" title="Victoria Village, Westmount">Victoria Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former municipalities of Montreal Island</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartierville" title="Cartierville">Cartierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longue-Pointe" title="Longue-Pointe">Longue-Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercier,_Montreal" title="Mercier, Montreal">Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau-Bordeaux" title="Nouveau-Bordeaux">New Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds,_Quebec" title="Pierrefonds, Quebec">Pierrefonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxboro,_Quebec" title="Roxboro, Quebec">Roxboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent,_Quebec" title="Saint-Laurent, Quebec">Saint-Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraguay">Saraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9treaultville" class="mw-redirect" title="Tétreaultville">Tétreaultville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former boroughs of Montreal Island</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield%E2%80%93Baie-D%27Urf%C3%A9" title="Beaconsfield–Baie-D'Urfé">Beaconsfield–Baie-D'Urfé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollard-Des_Ormeaux%E2%80%93Roxboro" title="Dollard-Des Ormeaux–Roxboro">Dollard-Des Ormeaux–Roxboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorval%E2%80%93L%27%C3%8Ele-Dorval" title="Dorval–L'Île-Dorval">Dorval–L'Île-Dorval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Bizard%E2%80%93Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve%E2%80%93Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue" title="L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève–Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue">L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève–Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds-Senneville" title="Pierrefonds-Senneville">Pierrefonds-Senneville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" title="Administrative divisions of Quebec">Administrative divisions of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomerations_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomerations of Quebec">Urban agglomerations of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%9306_municipal_reorganization_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="2000–06 municipal reorganization in Quebec">Municipal reorganization in Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_the_CMM_and/or_Montreal_CMA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Montreal" title="Template:Greater Montreal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Montreal" title="Template talk:Greater Montreal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Montreal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_of_the_CMM_and/or_Montreal_CMA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities of the <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal">CMM</a> and/or Montreal <a href="/wiki/Census_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Census metropolitan area">CMA</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:MontrealNeighbourhoods" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:MontrealNeighbourhoods">Urban agglomeration of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Urban_agglomeration_of_Longueuil" title="Template:Urban agglomeration of Longueuil">Urban agglomeration of Longueuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Laval,_Quebec" title="Template:Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Montreal)" title="North Shore (Montreal)">North Shore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blainville,_Quebec" title="Blainville, Quebec">Blainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-des-Filion,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Bois-des-Filion, Quebec">Bois-des-Filion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boisbriand,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Boisbriand, Quebec">Boisbriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne,_Quebec" title="Charlemagne, Quebec">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deux-Montagnes,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Deux-Montagnes, Quebec">Deux-Montagnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore,_Quebec" title="Gore, Quebec">Gore¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanesatake,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanesatake, Quebec">Kanesatake¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Assomption,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Assomption, Quebec">L'Assomption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89piphanie_(parish),_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Épiphanie (parish), Quebec">L'Épiphanie (P)¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89piphanie_(city),_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Épiphanie (city), Quebec">L'Épiphanie (V)¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavaltrie,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavaltrie, Quebec">Lavaltrie¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine,_Quebec" title="Lorraine, Quebec">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascouche" title="Mascouche">Mascouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabel,_Quebec" title="Mirabel, Quebec">Mirabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka,_Quebec" title="Oka, Quebec">Oka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-Calumet" title="Pointe-Calumet">Pointe-Calumet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repentigny,_Quebec" title="Repentigny, Quebec">Repentigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosem%C3%A8re,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosemère, Quebec">Rosemère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Colomban,_Quebec" title="Saint-Colomban, Quebec">Saint-Colomban¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache,_Quebec" title="Saint-Eustache, Quebec">Saint-Eustache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Jérôme, Quebec">Saint-Jérôme¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Placide,_Quebec" title="Saint-Placide, Quebec">Saint-Placide¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Joseph-du-Lac,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Joseph-du-Lac, Quebec">Saint-Joseph-du-Lac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice,_Quebec" title="Saint-Sulpice, Quebec">Saint-Sulpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec">Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marthe-sur-le-Lac,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Marthe-sur-le-Lac, Quebec">Sainte-Marthe-sur-le-Lac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se-de-Blainville,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Thérèse-de-Blainville, Quebec">Sainte-Thérèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrebonne,_Quebec" title="Terrebonne, Quebec">Terrebonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Montreal)" title="South Shore (Montreal)">South Shore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauharnois,_Quebec" title="Beauharnois, Quebec">Beauharnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloeil,_Quebec" title="Beloeil, Quebec">Beloeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calixa-Lavall%C3%A9e,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Calixa-Lavallée, Quebec">Calixa-Lavallée²</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candiac,_Quebec" title="Candiac, Quebec">Candiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carignan,_Quebec" title="Carignan, Quebec">Carignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambly,_Quebec" title="Chambly, Quebec">Chambly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauguay" title="Châteauguay">Châteauguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrecoeur,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrecoeur, Quebec">Contrecoeur²</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coteau-du-Lac,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Coteau-du-Lac, Quebec">Coteau-du-Lac¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delson,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Delson, Quebec">Delson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson,_Quebec" title="Hudson, Quebec">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahnawake,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahnawake, Quebec">Kahnawake¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Cadieux,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Île-Cadieux, Quebec">L'Île-Cadieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Perrot,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Île-Perrot, Quebec">L'Île-Perrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Prairie,_Quebec" title="La Prairie, Quebec">La Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ry,_Quebec" title="Léry, Quebec">Léry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_C%C3%A8dres,_Quebec" title="Les Cèdres, Quebec">Les Cèdres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Coteaux,_Quebec" title="Les Coteaux, Quebec">Les Coteaux¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMasterville,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="McMasterville, Quebec">McMasterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercier,_Quebec" title="Mercier, Quebec">Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Hilaire,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec">Mont-Saint-Hilaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-l%27%C3%8Ele-Perrot,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame-de-l'Île-Perrot, Quebec">Notre-Dame-de-l'Île-Perrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otterburn_Park,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Otterburn Park, Quebec">Otterburn Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pincourt,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Pincourt, Quebec">Pincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-des-Cascades,_Quebec" title="Pointe-des-Cascades, Quebec">Pointe-des-Cascades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richelieu,_Quebec" title="Richelieu, Quebec">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Amable,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Amable, Quebec">Saint-Amable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Basile-le-Grand,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Basile-le-Grand, Quebec">Saint-Basile-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Constant,_Quebec" title="Saint-Constant, Quebec">Saint-Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Isidore,_Quebec_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Isidore, Quebec (parish)">Saint-Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Baptiste,_Quebec" title="Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Quebec">Saint-Jean-Baptiste²</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Lazare,_Quebec" title="Saint-Lazare, Quebec">Saint-Lazare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, Quebec">Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mathieu,_Quebec" title="Saint-Mathieu, Quebec">Saint-Mathieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Quebec">Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Philippe,_Quebec" title="Saint-Philippe, Quebec">Saint-Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Zotique,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Zotique, Quebec">Saint-Zotique¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Catherine,_Quebec" title="Sainte-Catherine, Quebec">Sainte-Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Julie,_Quebec" title="Sainte-Julie, Quebec">Sainte-Julie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrasse-Vaudreuil,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrasse-Vaudreuil, Quebec">Terrasse-Vaudreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varennes,_Quebec" title="Varennes, Quebec">Varennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil-Dorion" title="Vaudreuil-Dorion">Vaudreuil-Dorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil-sur-le-Lac,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaudreuil-sur-le-Lac, Quebec">Vaudreuil-sur-le-Lac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verch%C3%A8res,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Verchères, Quebec">Verchères</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>¹Does not belong to the CMM — ²Does not belong to the Montreal CMA</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Quebec"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Quebec"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Quebec"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec" title="Administrative divisions of Quebec">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Quebec" title="List of regions of Quebec">Administrative regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">Regional county municipality</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_county_municipalities_and_equivalent_territories_in_Quebec" title="List of regional county municipalities and equivalent territories in Quebec">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Montreal Metropolitan Community (Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Québec">Communauté métropolitaine de Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kativik_Regional_Government" title="Kativik Regional Government">Kativik Regional Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Quebec#Local_level" title="Administrative divisions of Quebec">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of municipalities in Quebec">All municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_municipalities_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of municipalities in Quebec">Types of municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Quebec" title="List of towns in Quebec">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parish_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of parish municipalities in Quebec">Parish municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_township_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of township municipalities in Quebec">Townships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_united_township_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of united township municipalities in Quebec">United townships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_village_municipalities_in_Quebec" title="List of village municipalities in Quebec">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reserves_in_Quebec" title="List of Indian reserves in Quebec">Indian reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_in_Quebec" title="List of boroughs in Quebec">Boroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomerations_in_Quebec" title="Urban agglomerations in Quebec">Urban agglomerations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke" title="Sherbrooke">Sherbrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lévis, Quebec">Lévis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrebonne,_Quebec" title="Terrebonne, Quebec">Terrebonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Canada#Quebec" title="List of cities in Canada">Other cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma,_Quebec" title="Alma, Quebec">Alma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blainville,_Quebec" title="Blainville, Quebec">Blainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boucherville" title="Boucherville">Boucherville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brossard" title="Brossard">Brossard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambly,_Quebec" title="Chambly, Quebec">Chambly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauguay" title="Châteauguay">Châteauguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_Saint-Luc" title="Côte Saint-Luc">Côte-Saint-Luc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollard-des-Ormeaux" title="Dollard-des-Ormeaux">Dollard-des-Ormeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummondville" title="Drummondville">Drummondville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granby,_Quebec" title="Granby, Quebec">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magog,_Quebec" title="Magog, Quebec">Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascouche" title="Mascouche">Mascouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabel,_Quebec" title="Mirabel, Quebec">Mirabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-Claire" title="Pointe-Claire">Pointe-Claire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repentigny,_Quebec" title="Repentigny, Quebec">Repentigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimouski" title="Rimouski">Rimouski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouyn-Noranda" title="Rouyn-Noranda">Rouyn-Noranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Constant,_Quebec" title="Saint-Constant, Quebec">Saint-Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache,_Quebec" title="Saint-Eustache, Quebec">Saint-Eustache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Quebec" title="Saint-Georges, Quebec">Saint-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hyacinthe,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec">Saint-Hyacinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu" title="Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Jérôme, Quebec">Saint-Jérôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Julie,_Quebec" title="Sainte-Julie, Quebec">Sainte-Julie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaberry-de-Valleyfield" title="Salaberry-de-Valleyfield">Salaberry-de-Valleyfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawinigan" title="Shawinigan">Shawinigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorel-Tracy" title="Sorel-Tracy">Sorel-Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Or" title="Val-d'Or">Val-d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil-Dorion" title="Vaudreuil-Dorion">Vaudreuil-Dorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoriaville" title="Victoriaville">Victoriaville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Montreal" title="Urban agglomeration of Montreal">Montréal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">Regional county municipalities and equivalent territories</a>(*)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal (region)">Montréal*</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Municipalities</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baie-d%27Urf%C3%A9,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Baie-d'Urfé, Quebec">Baie-d'Urfé</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield,_Quebec" title="Beaconsfield, Quebec">Beaconsfield</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_Saint-Luc" title="Côte Saint-Luc">Côte Saint-Luc</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dollard-des-Ormeaux" title="Dollard-des-Ormeaux">Dollard-des-Ormeaux</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dorval" title="Dorval">Dorval</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hampstead,_Quebec" title="Hampstead, Quebec">Hampstead</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_Quebec" title="Kirkland, Quebec">Kirkland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Dorval" title="L'Île-Dorval">L'Île-Dorval</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal,_Quebec" title="Mount Royal, Quebec">Mont-Royal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal">Montréal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Est,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Est, Quebec">Montréal-Est</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Montreal_West,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal West, Quebec">Montréal-Ouest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pointe-Claire" title="Pointe-Claire">Pointe-Claire</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec">Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Senneville,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Senneville, Quebec">Senneville</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Westmount,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount, Quebec">Westmount</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal:Canada</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Summer_Olympic_Games_host_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template:Olympic Summer Games Host Cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template talk:Olympic Summer Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Summer Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Summer_Olympic_Games_host_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympic Games</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">host cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 14em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics">1916</a>: None[c1]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Paris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics">1940</a>: None[c2]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics">1944</a>: None[c2]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany"><img alt="West Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> Los Angeles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> Athens</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Tokyo[c3]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Paris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> Los Angeles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>[c1] Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>; [c2] Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>; [c3] Postponed to 2021 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Book_Capitals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Book_Capital" title="Template:World Book Capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Book_Capital" title="Template talk:World Book Capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Book_Capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Book Capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Book_Capitals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capitals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montreal</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> </li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> </li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> </li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Port Harcourt</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/80px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/120px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/160px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Montreal_skyscrapers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Montreal_skyscrapers" title="Template:Montreal skyscrapers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Montreal_skyscrapers" title="Template talk:Montreal skyscrapers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal_skyscrapers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal skyscrapers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Montreal_skyscrapers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Montreal" title="List of tallest buildings in Montreal">Montreal skyscrapers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Over 150 m</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1000_de_La_Gaucheti%C3%A8re" title="1000 de La Gauchetière">1000 de La Gauchetière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1250_Ren%C3%A9-L%C3%A9vesque" title="1250 René-Lévesque">1250 René-Lévesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_de_la_Bourse" title="Tour de la Bourse">Tour de la Bourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Ville_Marie" title="Place Ville Marie">Place Ville Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIBC_Tower" title="CIBC Tower">CIBC Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Avenue" title="L'Avenue">L'Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_des_Canadiens" title="Tour des Canadiens">Tour des Canadiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_des_Canadiens" title="Tour des Canadiens">Tour des Canadiens 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1501_McGill_College" title="1501 McGill College">1501 McGill College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complexe_Desjardins" title="Complexe Desjardins">Complexe Desjardins, South Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">125 m to 149 m</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roccabella" title="Roccabella">Roccabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ic%C3%B4ne" title="Icône">Icône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPMG_Tower" title="KPMG Tower">KPMG Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Champlain" title="Château Champlain">Château Champlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_V" title="Le V">Le V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telus_Tower_(Montreal)" title="Telus Tower (Montreal)">Telus Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Place_D%27Armes" title="500 Place D'Armes">500 Place D'Armes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deloitte_Tower" title="Deloitte Tower">Deloitte Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complexe_Desjardins" title="Complexe Desjardins">Complexe Desjardins, East Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_Tower_(Montreal)" title="Scotia Tower (Montreal)">Scotia Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complexe_Maisonneuve" title="Complexe Maisonneuve">Complexe Maisonneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1000_Sherbrooke_West" title="1000 Sherbrooke West">1000 Sherbrooke West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_Tower_(Montreal)" title="Terminal Tower (Montreal)">Terminal Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Media_Tower" title="Bell Media Tower">Bell Media Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100 m to 124 m</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altitude_Montreal" title="Altitude Montreal">Altitude Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Life_Building" title="Sun Life Building">Sun Life Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Port-Royal_Apartments" title="Le Port-Royal Apartments">Le Port-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Condos" title="Tom Condos">Tom Condos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_Tower_(Montreal)" title="Royal Bank Tower (Montreal)">Royal Bank Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YUL_Condos" title="YUL Condos">YUL Condos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoria" title="Altoria">Altoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Commerce_Place" title="E-Commerce Place">E-Commerce Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Centre_Sheraton_Hotel" title="Le Centre Sheraton Hotel">Centre Sheraton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_Manuvie" title="Maison Manuvie">Maison Manuvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/400_Sherbrooke_West" title="400 Sherbrooke West">400 Sherbrooke West</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1010_de_La_Gaucheti%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1010 de La Gauchetière (page does not exist)">1010 de La Gauchetière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydro-Qu%C3%A9bec_Building" title="Hydro-Québec Building">Hydro-Québec Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complexe_Desjardins" title="Complexe Desjardins">Complexe Desjardins, North Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Robert-Bourassa" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Robert-Bourassa">2020 Robert-Bourassa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Ch%C3%A2tel_Apartments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Châtel Apartments (page does not exist)">Le Châtel Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evo_Square_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evo Square Victoria (page does not exist)">Evo Square Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=500_Ren%C3%A9-L%C3%A9vesque_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="500 René-Lévesque West (page does not exist)">500 René-Lévesque West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_Radio-Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison Radio-Canada">Maison Radio-Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotel_Omni_Mont-Royal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotel Omni Mont-Royal (page does not exist)">Hotel Omni Mont-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1010_Sherbrooke_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1010 Sherbrooke West (page does not exist)">1010 Sherbrooke West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Laurentienne_Building" title="La Laurentienne Building">La Laurentienne Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Nihon_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexis Nihon Plaza">Alexis Nihon Plaza III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B4tel_le_Crystal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hôtel le Crystal (page does not exist)">Hôtel le Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gouverneur_Hotel_Place_Dupuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gouverneur Hotel Place Dupuis (page does not exist)">Gouverneur Hotel Place Dupuis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_Montreal_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intercontinental Montreal Hotel (page does not exist)">Intercontinental Montreal Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Nihon_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexis Nihon Plaza">Alexis Nihon Plaza II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolo_Condos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolo Condos (page does not exist)">Evolo 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolo_Condos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolo Condos (page does not exist)">Evolo 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2250_Guy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2250 Guy (page does not exist)">2250 Guy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Under construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOM_Condos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TOM Condos (page does not exist)">TOM Condos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humaniti_Condos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humaniti Condos (page does not exist)">Humaniti Condos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=628_Saint-Jacques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="628 Saint-Jacques (page does not exist)">628 Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolo_Condos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolo Condos (page does not exist)">Evolo X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template talk:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Plan_Association" title="Regional Plan Association">RPA</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Includes all metropolitan areas that have a population of 150,000 or greater according to the most recent national census.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great Lakes region cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford">Brantford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo%E2%80%93Niagara_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area"> Buffalo–Niagara Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland" title="Greater Cleveland">Cleveland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Ports" title="Twin Ports">Duluth–Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior,_Wisconsin" title="Superior, Wisconsin">Superior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie%E2%80%93Meadville,_PA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie–Meadville, PA Combined Statistical Area">Erie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_metropolitan_area" title="Grand Rapids metropolitan area">Grand Rapids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_metropolitan_area" title="Green Bay metropolitan area">Green Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland,_Michigan" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo%E2%80%93Portage_metropolitan_area" title="Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area">Kalamazoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin" title="Kenosha, Wisconsin">Kenosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing%E2%80%93East_Lansing_metropolitan_area" title="Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area">Lansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_metropolitan_area" title="Milwaukee metropolitan area">Milwaukee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">Niagara Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welland,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Welland, Ontario">Welland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niles,_Michigan" title="Niles, Michigan">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_New_York" title="Rochester metropolitan area, New York">Rochester, New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend%E2%80%93Mishawaka_metropolitan_area" title="South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area">South Bend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_metropolitan_area" title="Toledo metropolitan area">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City_metropolitan_area" title="Traverse City metropolitan area">Traverse City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Waterloo Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Ontario" title="Cambridge, Ontario">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario" title="Waterloo, Ontario">Waterloo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/145px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/218px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/290px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="704" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surrounding cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_metropolitan_area" title="Akron metropolitan area">Akron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Bloomington metropolitan area, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton%E2%80%93Massillon,_Ohio,_metropolitan_area" title="Canton–Massillon, Ohio, metropolitan area">Canton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area" title="Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area">Champaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_metropolitan_area" title="Dayton metropolitan area">Dayton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire%E2%80%93Chippewa_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area">Eau Claire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire,_Wisconsin" title="Eau Claire, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Indiana" title="Elkhart, Indiana">Elkhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansville_metropolitan_area" title="Evansville metropolitan area">Evansville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana" title="Evansville, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo%E2%80%93Moorhead" title="Fargo–Moorhead">Fargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_IN_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wayne, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area">Fort Wayne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Cities" title="Fox Cities">Fox Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleton,_Wisconsin" title="Appleton, Wisconsin">Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh,_Wisconsin" title="Oshkosh, Wisconsin">Oshkosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_metropolitan_area" title="Indianapolis metropolitan area">Indianapolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janesville,_Wisconsin" title="Janesville, Wisconsin">Janesville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beloit,_Wisconsin" title="Beloit, Wisconsin">Beloit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley,_IL_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley, IL MSA">Kankakee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee,_Illinois" title="Kankakee, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse%E2%80%93Onalaska" title="La Crosse–Onalaska">La Crosse–Onalaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse,_Wisconsin" title="La Crosse, Wisconsin">La Crosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onalaska,_Wisconsin" title="Onalaska, Wisconsin">Onalaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Lafayette metropolitan area, Indiana">Lafayette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana" title="Lafayette, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_metropolitan_area" title="Madison metropolitan area">Madison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">National Capital Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh%E2%80%93New_Castle%E2%80%93Weirton_combined_statistical_area" title="Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area">Pittsburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois">Peoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois">Rockford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_Minnesota" title="Rochester metropolitan area, Minnesota">Rochester, Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota_metropolitan_area" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota metropolitan area">St. Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Midland,_and_Bay_City_metropolitan_area" title="Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City metropolitan area">Saginaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Falls metropolitan area">Sioux Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Illinois">Springfield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_neighbourhoods_of_Sudbury" title="Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury">urban neighbourhoods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_metropolitan_area" title="Syracuse metropolitan area">Syracuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute_metropolitan_area" title="Terre Haute metropolitan area">Terre Haute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica%E2%80%93Rome_metropolitan_area" title="Utica–Rome metropolitan area">Utica–Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettendorf,_Iowa" title="Bettendorf, Iowa">Bettendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Moline,_Illinois" title="East Moline, Illinois">East Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_metropolitan_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City metropolitan community">Greater Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities of states south of region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown_metropolitan_area" title="Elizabethtown metropolitan area">Elizabethtown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_metropolitan_area" title="Kansas City metropolitan area">Kansas City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">Louisville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">St. Louis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka_metropolitan_area,_Kansas" title="Topeka metropolitan area, Kansas">Topeka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling_metropolitan_area" title="Wheeling metropolitan area">Wheeling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other metro-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City%E2%80%93Windsor_Corridor" title="Quebec City–Windsor Corridor">Quebec City–Windsor Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_and_Hamilton_Area" title="Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area">Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor" title="Detroit–Windsor">Detroit–Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh" title="Greater Pittsburgh">Greater Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Other megaregions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121501478">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132469853">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1210434/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtcKkWjKm76mBBgm64Dv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4040188-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80132975">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118804980">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118804980">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629359">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36140424">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130068&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453710">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000611596&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm132xt75tscnrl">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810559410605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559771805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060405144506706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c3cc624e-b963-49cf-ad0b-e318cb341963">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026585588">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045602">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wr37w5">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=69648">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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