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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Textual_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textual_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Textual history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textual_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luke–Acts:_unity,_authorship_and_date" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luke–Acts:_unity,_authorship_and_date"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Luke–Acts: unity, authorship and date</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luke–Acts:_unity,_authorship_and_date-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genre,_models_and_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genre,_models_and_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Genre, models and sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genre,_models_and_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audience_and_authorial_intent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audience_and_authorial_intent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Audience and authorial intent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audience_and_authorial_intent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_and_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_and_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure and content</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure_and_content-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure and content subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure_and_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parallel_structure_of_Luke–Acts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parallel_structure_of_Luke–Acts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Parallel structure of Luke–Acts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parallel_structure_of_Luke–Acts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Theology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Luke's_"salvation_history"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luke's_"salvation_history""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Luke's "salvation history"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luke's_"salvation_history"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Christology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Holy_Spirit,_the_Christian_community,_and_the_Kingdom_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Holy_Spirit,_the_Christian_community,_and_the_Kingdom_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>The Holy Spirit, the Christian community, and the Kingdom of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Holy_Spirit,_the_Christian_community,_and_the_Kingdom_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christians_vs._Rome_and_the_Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christians_vs._Rome_and_the_Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Christians vs. Rome and the Jews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christians_vs._Rome_and_the_Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_other_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_other_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Comparison with other writings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparison_with_other_writings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Comparison with other writings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_other_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synoptics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synoptics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Synoptics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synoptics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Gospel_of_John" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Gospel_of_John"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>The Gospel of John</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Gospel_of_John-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Gospel_of_Marcion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Gospel_of_Marcion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>The Gospel of Marcion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Gospel_of_Marcion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gospel of Luke</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 105 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelie_volgens_Lukas" title="Evangelie volgens Lukas – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Evangelie volgens Lukas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7" title="إنجيل لوقا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنجيل لوقا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%99%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A0%DC%98%DC%A9%DC%90" title="ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܩܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܩܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لوقا اینجیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوقا اینجیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="লূকের সুসমাচার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লূকের সুসমাচার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-ka_Hok-im" title="Lō͘-ka Hok-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-ka Hok-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Паводле Лукі Святое Дабравесце – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паводле Лукі Святое Дабравесце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Эвангельле паводле Лукі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эвангельле паводле Лукі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Евангелие от Лука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Евангелие от Лука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_noch_Lukas" title="Evangelium noch Lukas – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Evangelium noch Lukas" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%84%E0%BC%85%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%8D_%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%8D" title="༄༅།། ལུ་ཀཱ་ཡིས་བྲིས་པའི་འཕྲིན་བཟང་བཞུགས་སོ།། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༄༅།། ལུ་ཀཱ་ཡིས་བྲིས་པའི་འཕྲིན་བཟང་བཞུགས་སོ།།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviel_Lukaz" title="Aviel Lukaz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aviel Lukaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeli_segons_Lluc" title="Evangeli segons Lluc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evangeli segons Lluc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_podle_Luk%C3%A1%C5%A1e" title="Evangelium podle Lukáše – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Evangelium podle Lukáše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhangeri_ra_Ruka" title="Vhangeri ra Ruka – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vhangeri ra Ruka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Efengyl_yn_%C3%B4l_Luc" title="Yr Efengyl yn ôl Luc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Efengyl yn ôl Luc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukasevangeliet" title="Lukasevangeliet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lukasevangeliet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_nach_Lukas" title="Evangelium nach Lukas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Evangelium nach Lukas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliom_sw%C4%9Btego_Luka%C5%A1a" title="Evangeliom swětego Lukaša – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Evangeliom swětego Lukaša" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luuka_evangeelium" title="Luuka evangeelium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luuka evangeelium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Κατά Λουκάν Ευαγγέλιον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατά Λουκάν Ευαγγέλιον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_de_Lucas" title="Evangelio de Lucas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evangelio de Lucas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_la%C5%AD_Luko" title="Evangelio laŭ Luko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Evangelio laŭ Luko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukasen_ebanjelioa" title="Lukasen ebanjelioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lukasen ebanjelioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7" title="انجیل لوقا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجیل لوقا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc" title="Évangile selon Luc – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évangile selon Luc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeelje_fan_Lukas" title="Evangeelje fan Lukas – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Evangeelje fan Lukas" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanzeli_seont_Luche" title="Vanzeli seont Luche – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vanzeli seont Luche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soisc%C3%A9al_L%C3%BAc%C3%A1is" title="Soiscéal Lúcáis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Soiscéal Lúcáis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanxeo_de_Lucas" title="Evanxeo de Lucas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Evanxeo de Lucas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="लुका पर्माणें जेजू क्रिसताचें शुभवर्तमान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="लुका पर्माणें जेजू क्रिसताचें शुभवर्तमान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu-k%C3%A2-fuk-y%C3%AEm" title="Lu-kâ-fuk-yîm – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lu-kâ-fuk-yîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%98_%EB%B3%B5%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%9C" title="루가의 복음서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루가의 복음서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF_%D5%82%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB" title="Ավետարան ըստ Ղուկասի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավետարան ըստ Ղուկասի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewangelij_po_Luka%C5%A1u" title="Ewangelij po Lukašu – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ewangelij po Lukašu" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%C4%91elje_po_Luki" title="Evanđelje po Luki – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Evanđelje po Luki" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Injil Lukas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_secundo_Luca" title="Evangelio secundo Luca – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Evangelio secundo Luca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka" title="Luka – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Luka" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangelo_secondo_Luca" title="Vangelo secondo Luca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vangelo secondo Luca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1" title="הבשורה על-פי לוקאס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבשורה על-פי לוקאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Injil Lukas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ლუკას სახარება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუკას სახარება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewanieli%C3%B4_wedle_swi%C3%A3t%C3%A9g%C3%B2_%C5%81uk%C3%B4sza" title="Ewanieliô wedle swiãtégò Łukôsza – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ewanieliô wedle swiãtégò Łukôsza" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitabo_cya_Luka" title="Igitabo cya Luka – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igitabo cya Luka" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injili_ya_Luka" title="Injili ya Luka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Injili ya Luka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lik" title="Lik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_secundum_Lucam" title="Evangelium secundum Lucam – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Evangelium secundum Lucam" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABkas_eva%C5%86%C4%A3%C4%93lijs" title="Lūkas evaņģēlijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lūkas evaņģēlijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelija_pagal_Luk%C4%85" title="Evangelija pagal Luką – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Evangelija pagal Luką" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Evangel_del_L%C3%BCga" title="L'Evangel del Lüga – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="L'Evangel del Lüga" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luk%C3%A1cs_evang%C3%A9liuma" title="Lukács evangéliuma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lukács evangéliuma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Евангелие според Лука – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Евангелие според Лука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filazantsara_araka_an%27_i_Lioka" title="Filazantsara araka an' i Lioka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filazantsara araka an' i Lioka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="ലൂക്കാ എഴുതിയ സുവിശേഷം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലൂക്കാ എഴുതിയ സുവിശേഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7" title="انجيل لوقا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجيل لوقا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Injil Lukas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4-g%C4%83_H%C3%B3k_%C4%ACng" title="Lô-gă Hók Ĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lô-gă Hók Ĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Лук – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лук" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ရှင်လုကာခရစ်ဝင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှင်လုကာခရစ်ဝင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Tukutuku-vinaka_sa_vola_ko_Luke" title="Ai Tukutuku-vinaka sa vola ko Luke – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ai Tukutuku-vinaka sa vola ko Luke" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelie_volgens_Lucas" title="Evangelie volgens Lucas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Evangelie volgens Lucas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%9B%B8" title="ルカによる福音書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルカによる福音書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliet_etter_Lukas" title="Evangeliet etter Lukas – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Evangeliet etter Lukas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliet_etter_Lukas" title="Evangeliet etter Lukas – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Evangeliet etter Lukas" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evang%C3%A8li_segon_Luc" title="Evangèli segon Luc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Evangèli segon Luc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="لوقا دی انجیل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوقا دی انجیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vangile_eslon_Luc" title="Évangile eslon Luc – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Évangile eslon Luc" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukasevangelium" title="Lukasevangelium – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lukasevangelium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewangelia_%C5%81ukasza" title="Ewangelia Łukasza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ewangelia Łukasza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelho_segundo_Lucas" title="Evangelho segundo Lucas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evangelho segundo Lucas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanghelia_dup%C4%83_Luca" title="Evanghelia după Luca – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evanghelia după Luca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukaspa_qillqasqan" title="Lukaspa qillqasqan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lukaspa qillqasqan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Евангелие от Луки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евангелие от Луки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_le_Evagelia_a_Luka" title="O le Evagelia a Luka – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="O le Evagelia a Luka" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="لوقا دی انجیل – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="لوقا دی انجیل" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungjilli_i_Luk%C3%ABs" title="Ungjilli i Lukës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ungjilli i Lukës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancelu_di_Luca" title="Vancelu di Luca – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vancelu di Luca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%96_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ශුද්ධවූ ලූක් තුමාගේ සුභාරංචිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශුද්ධවූ ලූක් තුමාගේ සුභාරංචිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gospel of Luke" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelium_pod%C4%BEa_Luk%C3%A1%C5%A1a" title="Evanjelium podľa Lukáša – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Evanjelium podľa Lukáša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelij_po_Luku" title="Evangelij po Luku – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evangelij po Luku" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%86%D9%82%D8%A7" title="ئینجیلی لۆقا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینجیلی لۆقا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Јеванђеље по Луки – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јеванђеље по Луки" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%C4%91elje_po_Luki" title="Evanđelje po Luki – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Evanđelje po Luki" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evankeliumi_Luukkaan_mukaan" title="Evankeliumi Luukkaan mukaan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Evankeliumi Luukkaan mukaan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukasevangeliet" title="Lukasevangeliet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lukasevangeliet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="லூக்கா நற்செய்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லூக்கா நற்செய்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="พระวรสารนักบุญลูกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระวรสารนักบุญลูกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಲೂಕೆ ಬರೆತಿ ಸುವಾರ್ತಮಾನ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಲೂಕೆ ಬರೆತಿ ಸುವಾರ್ತಮಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka_%C4%B0ncili" title="Luka İncili – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luka İncili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Євангеліє від Луки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Євангеліє від Луки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="لوقا کی انجیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوقا کی انجیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%87%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%DB%87%D8%B4_%D8%AE%DB%95%DB%8B%DB%95%D8%B1" title="لۇقا بايان قىلغان خۇش خەۋەر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لۇقا بايان قىلغان خۇش خەۋەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_%C3%82m_Luca" title="Phúc Âm Luca – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phúc Âm Luca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evandj%C3%AEle_sint_Luk" title="Evandjîle sint Luk – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Evandjîle sint Luk" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="路加福音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ch%C3%ACnrere_L%C3%BAk%C3%B9" title="Ìhìnrere Lúkù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìhìnrere Lúkù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="路加福音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas" title="Lucas – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Lucas" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路加福音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku_Lukas" title="Buku Lukas – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Buku Lukas" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39939#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_(CBL_BP_I,_f.15r).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg/220px-Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg/330px-Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg/440px-Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4746" data-file-height="4146" /></a><figcaption>Luke 13:29–35; 14:1–10 on <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">Papyrus 45</a> (folio 15; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 250</span> AD)</figcaption></figure> <style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament" title="Category:New Testament">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff;">Books of the<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/120px-P46.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/180px-P46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/240px-P46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="819" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Papyrus 46, one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a>, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles_(genre)" title="Acts of the Apostles (genre)">Acts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Four Evangelists</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luke</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Lukan Acts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic epistles</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Apocalypse</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorship of the New Testament">Authorship</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Luke-Acts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Johannine works</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles" title="Authorship of the Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrine epistles">Petrine epistles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_manuscript" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament manuscript">New Testament manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">epistles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral epistles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#ddddff;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/16px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/24px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Template:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Template talk:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gospel of Luke</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the third of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>'s four <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Gospels">canonical Gospels</a>. It tells of the origins, <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">birth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">ascension</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009325_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009325-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a>, it makes up a two-volume work which scholars call <a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accounting for 27.5% of the New Testament.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combined work divides the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">history of first-century Christianity</a> into three stages, with the gospel making up the first two of these – the life of Jesus the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a>) from his birth to the beginning of his mission in the meeting with <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, followed by his ministry with events such as the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a>, and his <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a>, death, and resurrection. </p><p>Most modern scholars agree that the main sources used for Luke were a), the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a>, b), a hypothetical sayings collection called the <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a>, and c), material found in no other gospels, often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L (for Luke) source</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuling2010312_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuling2010312-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author is anonymous;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the traditional view that <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a> was the companion of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> is still occasionally put forward, but the scholarly consensus emphasises the many contradictions between Acts and the authentic Pauline letters (the view that the author, not necessarily Luke, met Paul is more common, perhaps including most scholars).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005172,_235_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005172,_235-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most probable date for its composition is around AD 80–110, and there is evidence that it was still being revised well into the 2nd century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250–53_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250–53-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textual_history">Textual history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Textual history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles#Manuscripts" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles § Manuscripts</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P._Chester_Beatty_I,_folio_13-14,_recto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/250px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/375px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/500px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">Papyrus 45</a>, a 3rd-century AD Greek <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> of the Gospel of Luke</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Autograph" title="Autograph">Autographs</a> (original copies) of Luke and the other Gospels have not been preserved; the texts that survive are third-generation copies, with no two completely identical.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199627_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199627-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest witnesses (the technical term for written manuscripts) for the Gospel of Luke fall into two "families" with considerable differences between them, the <a href="/wiki/Western_text_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Western text type">Western</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_text-type" title="Alexandrian text-type">Alexandrian text-type</a>, and the dominant view is that the Western text represents a process of deliberate revision, as the variations seem to form specific patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012596_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012596-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Manuscript_fragment" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscript fragment">fragment</a> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">𝔓<sup>4</sup></a></span> is often cited as the oldest witness. It has been dated from the late 2nd century, although this dating is disputed. <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">Papyrus 75</a> (= Papyrus Bodmer XIV–XV) is another very early manuscript (late 2nd/early 3rd century), and it includes an attribution of the Gospel to Luke. The oldest complete texts are the 4th-century <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus_Graecus_1209" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209">Vaticanus</a>, both from the Alexandrian family; <a href="/wiki/Codex_Bezae" title="Codex Bezae">Codex Bezae</a>, a 5th- or 6th-century Western text-type manuscript that contains Luke in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> versions on facing pages, appears to have descended from an offshoot of the main manuscript tradition, departing from more familiar readings at many points. Codex Bezae shows comprehensively the differences between the versions which show no core theological significance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis200319_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis200319-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luke–Acts:_unity,_authorship_and_date"><span id="Luke.E2.80.93Acts:_unity.2C_authorship_and_date"></span><span class="anchor" id="Authorship"></span>Luke–Acts: unity, authorship and date</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Luke–Acts: unity, authorship and date"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship of Luke–Acts</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Macedoniensis,_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg/200px-Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg/300px-Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg/400px-Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption><i>Subscriptio</i> to the Gospel of Luke in Codex Macedoniensis 034 (Gregory-Aland), 9th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The gospel of Luke and the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> make up a two-volume work which scholars call <a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together they account for 27.5% of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, the largest contribution by a single author, providing the framework for both the Church's liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The author is not named in either volume,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he was educated, a man of means, probably urban, and someone who respected manual work, although not a worker himself; this is significant, because more high-brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business-people who made up the early church of Paul and who were presumably Luke's audience.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199735_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199735-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a Church tradition beginning with <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 130</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 202</span> AD) he was the <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a> named as a companion of <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Paul">Paul</a> in three of the Pauline letters, but "a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters":<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an example can be seen by comparing Acts' accounts of Paul's conversion (Acts 9:1–31,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acts 22:6–21,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Acts 26:9–23)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Paul's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event in Galatians 1:17–24,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1998253_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1998253-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and while the author of the Gospel of Luke clearly admired Paul, his theology differs significantly from Paul's on key points and he does not represent Paul's views accurately.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012590_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012590-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many modern scholars have therefore expressed doubt that the author of Luke-Acts was the physician Luke, and critical opinion on the subject was assessed to be roughly evenly divided near the end of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_1997_267–8_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_1997_267–8-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Most scholars maintain that the author of <a href="/wiki/Luke-Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke-Acts">Luke-Acts</a>, whether named Luke or not, met Paul.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The interpretation of the "we" passages in Acts as indicative that the writer relied on a historical eyewitness (whether Luke the evangelist or not), remains the most influential in current biblical studies.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Objections to this viewpoint, among others, include the claim that Luke-Acts contains differences in theology and historical narrative which are irreconcilable with the authentic letters of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eclipse of the traditional attribution to Luke the companion of Paul has meant that an early date for the gospel is now rarely put forward.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most scholars date the composition of the combined work to around 80–110 AD, and there is textual evidence (the conflicts between Western and Alexandrian manuscript families) that Luke–Acts was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250–53_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250–53-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genre,_models_and_sources"><span id="Genre.2C_models_and_sources"></span>Genre, models and sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genre, models and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/350px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="451" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/525px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/700px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Almost all of Mark's content is found in Matthew, and most of Mark is also found in Luke. Matthew and Luke share a large amount of additional material that is not found in Mark, and they also contain much higher proportions of unique special testimony.</figcaption></figure> <p>Luke–Acts is a religio-political history of the founder of the church and his successors, in both deeds and words. The author describes his book as a "narrative" (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">diegesis</i></span>), rather than as a gospel, and implicitly criticises his predecessors for not giving their readers the speeches of Jesus and the Apostles, as such speeches were the mark of a "full" report, the vehicle through which ancient historians conveyed the meaning of their narratives. He seems to have taken as his model the works of two respected Classical authors, <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Dionysius of Halicarnassus</a>, who wrote a history of Rome (<i>Roman Antiquities</i>), and the Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, author of a history of the Jews (<i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a></i>). All three authors anchor the histories of their respective peoples by dating the births of the founders (Romulus, Moses, and Jesus) and narrate the stories of the founders' births from God, so that they are sons of God. Each founder taught authoritatively, appeared to witnesses after death, and ascended to heaven. Crucial aspects of the teaching of all three concerned the relationship between rich and poor and the question of whether "foreigners" were to be received into the people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mark, written around 70 AD, provided the narrative outline for Luke, but Mark contains comparatively little of Jesus' teachings,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005284_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005284-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for these Luke likely turned to a hypothesized collection of sayings called <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a>, which would have consisted mostly, although not exclusively, of "sayings".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199982_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199982-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark and Q account for about 64% of Luke; the remaining material, known as the <a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L source</a>, is of unknown origin and date.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell199839–40_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell199839–40-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Q and L-source material is grouped in two clusters, Luke 6:17–8:3 and 9:51–18:14, and L-source material forms the first two sections of the gospel (the preface and infancy and childhood narratives).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002204_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002204-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audience_and_authorial_intent">Audience and authorial intent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Audience and authorial intent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luke was written to be read aloud to a group of Jesus-followers gathered in a house to share the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Lord's Supper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author assumes an educated Greek-speaking audience, but directs his attention to specifically Christian concerns rather than to the Greco-Roman world at large.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199516–17_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199516–17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He begins his gospel with a preface addressed to "<a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a>":<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the name means "Lover of God", and could refer to any Christian, though most interpreters consider it a reference to a Christian convert and Luke's literary patron.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier2013417_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier2013417-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here he informs Theophilus of his intention, which is to lead his reader to certainty through an orderly account "of the events that have been fulfilled among us."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199735_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199735-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not, however, intend to provide Theophilus with a historical justification of the Christian faith – "did it happen?" – but to encourage faith – "what happened, and what does it all mean?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199736_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199736-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_content">Structure and content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Structure and content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the author's preface addressed to his patron and the two birth narratives (John the Baptist and Jesus), the gospel opens in Galilee and moves gradually to its climax in Jerusalem:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarroll201215–16_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll201215–16-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>A brief preface addressed to Theophilus stating the author's aims;</li> <li>Birth and infancy narratives for both Jesus and John the Baptist, interpreted as the dawn of the promised era of Israel's salvation;</li> <li>Preparation for Jesus' messianic mission: John's prophetic mission, his baptism of Jesus, and the testing of Jesus' vocation;</li> <li>The beginning of Jesus' mission in Galilee, and the hostile reception there;</li> <li>The central section: the journey to Jerusalem, where Jesus knows he must meet his destiny as God's prophet and Messiah;</li> <li>His mission in Jerusalem, culminating in confrontation with the leaders of the Jewish Temple;</li> <li>His last supper with his most intimate followers, followed by his arrest, interrogation, and crucifixion;</li> <li>God's validation of Jesus as Christ: events from the first Easter to the Ascension, showing Jesus' death to be divinely ordained, in keeping with both scriptural promise and the nature of messiahship, and anticipating the story of Acts.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parallel_structure_of_Luke–Acts"><span id="Parallel_structure_of_Luke.E2.80.93Acts"></span>Parallel structure of Luke–Acts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Parallel structure of Luke–Acts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The structure of Acts parallels the structure of the gospel, demonstrating the universality of the divine plan and the shift of authority from Jerusalem to Rome:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012569_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012569-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The gospel – the acts of Jesus: <ul><li>The presentation of the child Jesus at the Temple in Jerusalem</li> <li>Jesus' forty days in the desert</li> <li>Jesus in Samaria/Judea</li> <li>Jesus in the Decapolis</li> <li>Jesus receives the Holy Spirit</li> <li>Jesus preaches with power (the power of the spirit)</li> <li>Jesus heals the sick</li> <li>Death of Jesus</li> <li>The apostles are sent to preach to all nations</li></ul></li> <li>The acts of the apostles: <ul><li>Jerusalem</li> <li>Forty days before the Ascension</li> <li>Samaria</li> <li>Asia Minor</li> <li>Pentecost: Christ's followers receive the spirit</li> <li>The apostles preach with the power of the spirit</li> <li>The apostles heal the sick</li> <li>Death of Stephen, the first martyr for Christ</li> <li>Paul preaches in Rome</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG/220px-Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG/330px-Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>Parable of the Sower (Biserica Ortodoxă din Deal, Cluj-Napoca), <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luke's_"salvation_history""><span id="Luke.27s_.22salvation_history.22"></span>Luke's "salvation history"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Luke's "salvation history""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luke's theology is expressed primarily through his overarching plot, the way scenes, themes and characters combine to construct his specific worldview.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009326_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009326-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His "salvation history" stretches from the Creation to the present time of his readers, in three ages: first, the time of "the Law and the Prophets", the period beginning with Genesis and ending with the appearance of John the Baptist;<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> second, the epoch of Jesus, in which the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a> was preached;<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and finally the period of the Church, which began when the risen Christ was taken into Heaven, and would end with his <a href="/wiki/Second_coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second coming of Christ">second coming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2011no_page_numbers_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2011no_page_numbers-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christology">Christology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Christology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luke's understanding of Jesus – his <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> – is central to his theology. One approach to this is through the titles Luke gives to Jesus: these include, but are not limited to, Christ (<a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jesus_is_Lord" title="Jesus is Lord">Lord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Son of Man">Son of Man</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell198960_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198960-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another is by reading Luke in the context of similar Greco-Roman divine saviour figures (Roman emperors are an example), references which would have made clear to Luke's readers that Jesus was the greatest of all saviours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell198963–65_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198963–65-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third is to approach Luke through his use of the Old Testament, those passages from Jewish scripture which he cites to establish that Jesus is the promised Messiah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell198966_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198966-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While much of this is familiar, much also is missing: for example, Luke makes no clear reference to Christ's pre-existence or to the Christian's union with Christ, and makes relatively little reference to the concept of atonement: perhaps he felt no need to mention these ideas, or disagreed with them, or possibly he was simply unaware of them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg/170px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg/255px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg/340px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption><i>Annunciation</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo">Murillo</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Even what Luke does say about Christ is ambiguous or even contradictory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, according to <a href="/wiki/Luke_2:11" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke 2:11">Luke 2:11</a> Jesus was the Christ at his birth, but in Acts 2:36 he becomes Christ at the resurrection, while in Acts 3:20 it seems his messiahship is active only at the <a href="/wiki/Parousia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parousia">parousia</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/Second_coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second coming of Christ">second coming</a>"; similarly, in Luke 2:11 he is the <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">Saviour</a> from birth, but in Acts 5:31<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he is made Saviour at the resurrection; and he is born the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a> in Luke 1:32–35,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but becomes the Son of God at the resurrection according to Acts 13:33.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199665_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199665-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these differences may be due to scribal error, but others are argued to be deliberate alterations to doctrinally unacceptable passages, or the introduction by scribes of "proofs" for their favourite theological tenets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller201163_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller201163-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Holy_Spirit,_the_Christian_community,_and_the_Kingdom_of_God"><span id="The_Holy_Spirit.2C_the_Christian_community.2C_and_the_Kingdom_of_God"></span>The Holy Spirit, the Christian community, and the Kingdom of God</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Holy Spirit, the Christian community, and the Kingdom of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Holy Spirit plays a more important role in Luke–Acts than in the other gospels. Some scholars have argued that the Spirit's involvement in the career of Jesus is paradigmatic of the universal Christian experience, others that Luke's intention was to stress Jesus' uniqueness as the Prophet of the final age.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell1989108–11_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1989108–11-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is clear, however, that Luke understands the enabling power of the Spirit, expressed through non-discriminatory fellowship ("All who believed were together and had all things in common"), to be the basis of the Christian community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell1989111_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1989111-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This community can also be understood as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a>, although the kingdom's final consummation will not be seen till the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Son of Man">Son of Man</a> comes "on a cloud" at the end-time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolladay2011no_page_number_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolladay2011no_page_number-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christians_vs._Rome_and_the_Jews">Christians vs. Rome and the Jews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Christians vs. Rome and the Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Roman Empire">History of the Jews in the Roman Empire</a></div> <p>Luke needed to define the position of Christians in relation to two political and social entities, the Roman Empire and Judaism. Regarding the Empire, Luke makes clear that, while Christians are not a threat to the established order, the rulers of this world hold their power from Satan, and the essential loyalty of Christ's followers is to God and this world will be the kingdom of God, ruled by Christ the King.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012562_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012562-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding the Jews, Luke emphasises the fact that Jesus and all his earliest followers were Jews, although by his time the majority of Christ-followers were <a href="/wiki/Gentiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiles">gentiles</a>; nevertheless, the Jews had rejected and killed the Messiah, and the Christian mission now lay with the gentiles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012563_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012563-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_other_writings">Comparison with other writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Comparison with other writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1602-3_Caravaggio,Supper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/300px-1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/450px-1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/600px-1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5946" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Supper_at_Emmaus_(Caravaggio),_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Supper at Emmaus (Caravaggio), London">Supper at Emmaus</a></i> (1601), <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Merisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelangelo Merisi">Caravaggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synoptics">Synoptics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Synoptics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gospels of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a> and Luke share so much in common that they are called the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptics</a>, as they frequently cover the same events in similar and sometimes identical language. The majority opinion among scholars is that Mark was the earliest of the three (about 70 AD) and that Matthew and Luke both used this work and the "sayings gospel" known as <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q</a> as their basic sources. Luke has both expanded Mark and refined his grammar and syntax, as Mark's Greek writing is less elegant. Some passages from Mark he has eliminated, notably most of chapters 6 and 7, which he apparently felt reflected poorly on the disciples and painted Jesus too much like a magician. The disciple <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> is given a notably more positive depiction than the other three gospels, with his failings either occluded or excused, and his merits and role emphasized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamgaard2015121–123_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamgaard2015121–123-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, he follows Mark's narrative more faithfully than does Matthew.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson201048_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson201048-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Gospel_of_John">The Gospel of John</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The Gospel of John"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite being grouped with Matthew and Mark, the Gospel of Luke has a number of parallels with the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> which are not shared by the other <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">synoptics</a>: </p> <ul><li>Luke uses the terms "Jews" and "Israelites" in a way unlike Mark, but like John.</li> <li>Both gospels have characters named <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a>, and Lazarus, although John's <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a> is portrayed as a real person, while Luke's is a figure in <a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">a parable</a>.</li> <li>There are several points where Luke's <a href="/wiki/Passion_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion narrative">passion narrative</a> resembles that of John.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">arrest</a>, only Luke and John state that the servant's <em>right</em> ear was cut off.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There are also several other parallels that scholars have identified.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012576_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012576-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently, some scholars have proposed that the author of John's gospel may have specifically redacted and responded to the Gospel of Luke.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2015_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2015-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Gospel_of_Marcion">The Gospel of Marcion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Gospel of Marcion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Gospel of Marcion</a></div> <p>Some time in the 2nd century, the Christian thinker <a href="/wiki/Marcion_of_Sinope" title="Marcion of Sinope">Marcion of Sinope</a> began using a gospel that was very similar to, but shorter than, canonical Luke. Marcion was well known for preaching that the god who sent Jesus into the world was a different, higher deity than the creator god of Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015165_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015165-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While no manuscript copies of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Marcion's gospel</a> survive, reconstructions of his text have been published by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Harnack" title="Adolf von Harnack">Adolf von Harnack</a> and Dieter T. Roth,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2015_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2015-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on quotations in the anti-<a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionite</a> treatises of orthodox Christian <a href="/wiki/Apologetics" title="Apologetics">apologists</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius</a>. These early apologists accused Marcion of having "mutilated" canonical Luke by removing material that contradicted his unorthodox theological views.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015166_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015166-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Tertullian, Marcion also accused his orthodox opponents of having "falsified" canonical Luke.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015167-168,_citing_Tertullian,_[httpwwwtertullianorgarticlesevans_marcevans_marc_10book4_enghtm_''Adversus_Marcionem''_4.4]_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015167-168,_citing_Tertullian,_[httpwwwtertullianorgarticlesevans_marcevans_marc_10book4_enghtm_''Adversus_Marcionem''_4.4]-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a>, Marcion's gospel lacked any nativity story, and Luke's account of the baptism of Jesus was absent. The Gospel of Marcion also omitted Luke's parables of the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son">Prodigal Son</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015170_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015170-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship of Luke–Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List of Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_omitted_Bible_verses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of omitted Bible verses">List of omitted Bible verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcion" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcion">Marcion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Luke" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Luke">Order of St. Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels#The_synoptic_problem" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_New_Testament#Gospel_of_Luke" title="Textual variants in the New Testament">Textual variants in the Gospel of Luke</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The book is sometimes called the <b>Gospel according to Luke</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Λουκᾶν</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Euangélion katà Loukân</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGathercole201366–71_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGathercole201366–71-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), or simply <b>Luke</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which is also its most common form of abbreviation).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Verses <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%2022:19–20">22:19–20</a> are omitted in Codex Bezae and a handful of <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Old Latin</a> manuscripts. Nearly all other manuscripts including Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus and Church Fathers contain the "longer" reading of Luke 22:19 and 20. Verse 22:20, which is very similar to 1 Corinthians 11:25, and provides gospel support for the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a>, along with Matthew 26:28 and Mark 14:24 (both, in the <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a> Greek manuscript). Verses 22:43–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For studies of the literary structure of this Gospel, see recent contributions of Bailey, Goulder and Talbert, in particular for their readings of Luke's Central Section. (Almost all scholars believe the section begins at 9.51; strong case, however, can be put for 9.43b.) Then the introductory pieces to the opening and closing parts that frame the teaching of the Central Section would exhibit a significant dualism: compare 9.43b–45 and 18.31–35. The Central Section would then be defined as 9.43b–19.48, 'Jesus Journey to Jerusalem and its Temple'. Between the opening part ('His Setting out', 9.43b–10.24) and the closing part ('His Arriving', 18.31–19.48) lies a chiasm of parts 1–5,C,5'–1', 'His Teachings on the Way': 1, 10.25–42 Inheriting eternal life: law and love; 2, 11.1–13 Prayer: right praying, persistence, Holy Spirit is given; 3, 11.14–12.12 The Kingdom of God: what is internal is important; 4, 12.13–48 Earthly and Heavenly riches; the coming of the Son of Man; 5, 12.49–13.9 Divisions, warning and prudence, repentance; C, 13.10–14.24 a Sabbath healing, kingdom and entry (13.10–30), Jesus is to die in Jerusalem, his lament for it (13.31–35), a Sabbath healing, banqueting in the kingdom (14.1–24); 5', 14.25–15.32 Divisions, warning and prudence, repentance; 4', 16.1–31 Earthly and Heavenly riches: the coming judgement; 3', 17.1–37 The kingdom of God is 'within', not coming with signs; 2', 18.1–17 Prayer: persistence, right praying, receiving the kingdom; 1', 18.18–30 Inheriting eternal life: law and love. (All the parts 1–5 and 5'–1' are constructed of three parts in the style of ABB'.)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGathercole201366–71-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGathercole201366–71_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGathercole2013">Gathercole 2013</a>, pp. 66–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiPouAEACAAJ"><i>ESV Pew Bible</i></a>. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 855. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0"><bdi>978-1-4335-6343-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603093159/https://www.google.com/books/edition/ESV_Pew_Bible_Black/HiPouAEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ESV+Pew+Bible&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+IL&rft.pages=855&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-6343-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiPouAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">"Bible Book Abbreviations"</a>. <i>Logos Bible Software</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421100743/https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Logos+Bible+Software&rft.atitle=Bible+Book+Abbreviations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logos.com%2Fbible-book-abbreviations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009325-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009325_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2009">Allen 2009</a>, p. 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurkett2002">Burkett 2002</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 556.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuling2010312-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuling2010312_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuling2010">Duling 2010</a>, p. 312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurkett2002">Burkett 2002</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005172,_235-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005172,_235_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrman2005">Ehrman 2005</a>, pp. 172, 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeener2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Keener" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig Keener">Keener, Craig</a> (2015). <i>Acts: An Exegetical Commentary (Volume 1)</i>. Baker Academic. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801039898" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801039898"><bdi>978-0801039898</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acts%3A+An+Exegetical+Commentary+%28Volume+1%29&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0801039898&rft.aulast=Keener&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250–53-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250–53_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250–53_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins2009">Perkins 2009</a>, pp. 250–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199627-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199627_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrman1996">Ehrman 1996</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012596-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012596_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 596.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis200319-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis200319_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2003">Ellis 2003</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199735-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199735_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199735_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen1997">Green 1997</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%209:1–31&version=nrsv">Acts 9:1–31</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2022:6–21&version=nrsv">Acts 22:6–21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2026:9–23&version=nrsv">Acts 26:9–23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Galatians%201:17–24&version=nrsv">Galatians 1:17–24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1998253-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1998253_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins1998">Perkins 1998</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012590-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012590_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 590.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_1997_267–8-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_1997_267–8_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Brown, Raymond E.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontone00brow_0/page/267"><i>Introduction to the New Testament</i></a>. New York: Anchor Bible. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontone00brow_0/page/267">267–8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-24767-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-24767-2"><bdi>0-385-24767-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+New+Testament&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=267-8&rft.pub=Anchor+Bible&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-385-24767-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontone00brow_0%2Fpage%2F267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeener2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Keener" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig Keener">Keener, Craig</a> (2015). <i>Acts: An Exegetical Commentary (Volume 1)</i>. Baker Academic. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801039898" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801039898"><bdi>978-0801039898</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acts%3A+An+Exegetical+Commentary+%28Volume+1%29&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0801039898&rft.aulast=Keener&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A glance at recent extended treatments of the "we" passages and commentaries demonstrates that, within biblical scholarship, solutions in the historical eyewitness traditions continue to be the most influential explanations for the first-person plural style in Acts. Of the two latest full-length studies on the "we" passages, for example, one argues that the first-person accounts came from Silas, a companion of Paul but not the author, and the other proposes that first-person narration was Luke's (Paul's companion and the author of Acts) method of communicating his participation in the events narrated.17 17. Jurgen Wehnert, Die Wir-Passegen der Apostelgeschitchte: Ein lukanisches Stilmittel aus judischer Tradition (GTA 40; Gottingen: Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht, 1989); Claus-Jurgen Thornton, Der Zeuge des Zeugen: Lukas als Historiker der Paulus reisen (WUNT 56; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1991). See also, Barrett, Acts of the Apostles, and Fitzmyer, Acts of the Apostles.", Campbell, "The "we" passages in the Acts of the Apostles: the narrator as narrative", p. 8 (2007). Society of Biblical Literature.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The principle essay in this regard is P. Vielhauer, 'On the "Paulinism" of Acts', in L.E. Keck and J. L. Martyn (eds.), Studies in Luke-Acts (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1975), 33-50, who suggests that Luke's presentation of Paul was, on several fronts, a contradiction of Paul's own letters (e.g. attitudes on natural theology, Jewish law, christology, eschatology). This has become the standard position in German scholarship, e.g., Conzelmann, Acts; J. Roloff, Die Apostelgeschichte (NTD; Berlin: Evangelische, 1981) 2-5; Schille, Apostelgeschichte des Lukas, 48-52. This position has been challenged most recently by Porter, "The Paul of Acts and the Paul of the Letters: Some Common Misconceptions', in his Paul of Acts, 187-206. See also I.H. Marshall, The Acts of the Apostles (TNTC; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Leister: InterVarsity Press, 1980) 42-44; E.E. Ellis, The Gospel of Luke (NCB; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; London: Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 2nd edn, 1974) 45-47.", Pearson, "Corresponding sense: Paul, dialectic, and Gadamer", Biblical Interpretation Series, p. 101 (2001). Brill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlesworth2008" class="citation book cs1">Charlesworth, James H. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT64"><i>The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide</i></a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-2475-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-2475-6"><bdi>978-1-4267-2475-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus%3A+An+Essential+Guide&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6&rft.aulast=Charlesworth&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYTIGy5t45WgC%26pg%3DPT64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalch2003">Balch 2003</a>, p. 1104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005284-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005284_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199982-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199982_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrman1999">Ehrman 1999</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell199839–40-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell199839–40_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1998">Powell 1998</a>, pp. 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002204-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002204_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurkett2002">Burkett 2002</a>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199516–17-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199516–17_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen1995">Green 1995</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Luke_1:3" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke 1:3">Luke 1:3</a>; <i>cf.</i> <a href="/wiki/Acts_1:1" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts 1:1">Acts 1:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier2013417-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier2013417_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaier2013">Maier 2013</a>, p. 417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199736-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199736_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen1997">Green 1997</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll201215–16-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarroll201215–16_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarroll2012">Carroll 2012</a>, pp. 15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012569-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012569_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 569.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009326-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009326_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2009">Allen 2009</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%201:5–3:1&version=nrsv">Luke 1:5–3:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:2–24:51&version=nrsv">Luke 3:2–24:51</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2011no_page_numbers-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2011no_page_numbers_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2011">Evans 2011</a>, p. no page numbers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198960-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell198960_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198963–65-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell198963–65_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, pp. 63–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198966-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell198966_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuckwalter1996">Buckwalter 1996</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%205:31&version=nrsv">Acts 5:31</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%201:32–35&version=nrsv">Luke 1:32–35</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2013:33&version=nrsv">Acts 13:33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199665-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199665_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrman1996">Ehrman 1996</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller201163-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller201163_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2011">Miller 2011</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1989108–11-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell1989108–11_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, pp. 108–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1989111-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell1989111_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolladay2011no_page_number-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolladay2011no_page_number_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolladay2011">Holladay 2011</a>, p. no page number.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012562-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012562_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 562.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012563-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012563_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 563.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamgaard2015121–123-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamgaard2015121–123_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamgaard2015">Damgaard 2015</a>, pp. 121–123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson201048-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson201048_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnson2010">Johnson 2010</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Robertson_Nicoll" title="William Robertson Nicoll">Nicoll, W. R.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/egt/luke/22.htm">Expositor's Greek Testament</a> on Luke 22, accessed 30 October 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote a at Luke 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:50&version=nrsv">Luke 22:50</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2018:10&version=nrsv">John 18:10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012576-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012576_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 576.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2015-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2015_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacDonald2015">MacDonald 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015165-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015165_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeDuhn2015">BeDuhn 2015</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2015-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2015_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoth2015">Roth 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015166-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015166_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeDuhn2015">BeDuhn 2015</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015167-168,_citing_Tertullian,_[httpwwwtertullianorgarticlesevans_marcevans_marc_10book4_enghtm_''Adversus_Marcionem''_4.4]-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015167-168,_citing_Tertullian,_[httpwwwtertullianorgarticlesevans_marcevans_marc_10book4_enghtm_''Adversus_Marcionem''_4.4]_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeDuhn2015">BeDuhn 2015</a>, p. 167-168, citing Tertullian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/articles/evans_marc/evans_marc_10book4_eng.htm"><i>Adversus Marcionem</i> 4.4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015170-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015170_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeDuhn2015">BeDuhn 2015</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamczewski2010" class="citation book cs1">Adamczewski, Bartosz (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2IlMGQAOgw8C"><i>Q or not Q? The So-Called Triple, Double, and Single Traditions in the Synoptic Gospels</i></a>. Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-631-60492-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-631-60492-2"><bdi>978-3-631-60492-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Q+or+not+Q%3F+The+So-Called+Triple%2C+Double%2C+and+Single+Traditions+in+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.pub=Internationaler+Verlag+der+Wissenschaften&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-631-60492-2&rft.aulast=Adamczewski&rft.aufirst=Bartosz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2IlMGQAOgw8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2009" class="citation book cs1">Allen, O. Wesley Jr. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rQWknj4ORJkC&pg=PR6">"Luke"</a>. In Petersen, David L.; O'Day, Gail R. (eds.). <i>Theological Bible Commentary</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61164-030-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61164-030-4"><bdi>978-1-61164-030-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Luke&rft.btitle=Theological+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-61164-030-4&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=O.+Wesley+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrQWknj4ORJkC%26pg%3DPR6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAune1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Aune" title="David Aune">Aune, David E.</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7F_5kPoTTnoC"><i>The New Testament in its literary environment</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25018-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25018-8"><bdi>978-0-664-25018-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Testament+in+its+literary+environment&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25018-8&rft.aulast=Aune&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7F_5kPoTTnoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalch2003" class="citation book cs1">Balch, David L. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA1103">"Luke"</a>. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-3711-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Luke&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0&rft.aulast=Balch&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC%26pg%3DPA1103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartonMuddiman2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Barton_(theologian)" title="John Barton (theologian)">Barton, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Muddiman" title="John Muddiman">Muddiman, John</a>, eds. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ"><i>The Oxford Bible Commentary</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927718-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927718-6"><bdi>978-0-19-927718-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927718-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJdVkgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeDuhn2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jason_BeDuhn" title="Jason BeDuhn">BeDuhn, Jason</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525073815/http://www.westarinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Forum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf">"The New Marcion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Forum</i>. <b>3</b> (Fall 2015): <span class="nowrap">163–</span>179. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westarinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Forum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forum&rft.atitle=The+New+Marcion&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=Fall+2015&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E163-%3C%2Fspan%3E179&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=BeDuhn&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westarinstitute.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F10%2FForum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoring2012" class="citation book cs1">Boring, M. Eugene (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=leFrgkyEtusC&pg=PA556"><i>An Introduction to the New Testament: History, Literature, Theology</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25592-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25592-3"><bdi>978-0-664-25592-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament%3A+History%2C+Literature%2C+Theology&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25592-3&rft.aulast=Boring&rft.aufirst=M.+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DleFrgkyEtusC%26pg%3DPA556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckwalter1996" class="citation book cs1">Buckwalter, Douglas (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9nwtfHbKiF8C&pg=PA4"><i>The Character and Purpose of Luke's Christology</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56180-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56180-8"><bdi>978-0-521-56180-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Character+and+Purpose+of+Luke%27s+Christology&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56180-8&rft.aulast=Buckwalter&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9nwtfHbKiF8C%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkett2002" class="citation book cs1">Burkett, Delbert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EcsQknxV-xQC&pg=PA195"><i>An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7"><bdi>978-0-521-00720-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+the+New+Testament+and+the+origins+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00720-7&rft.aulast=Burkett&rft.aufirst=Delbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEcsQknxV-xQC%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2012" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, John T. 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Charlesworth">Charlesworth, James H.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT64"><i>The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide</i></a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-2475-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-2475-6"><bdi>978-1-4267-2475-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus%3A+An+Essential+Guide&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6&rft.aulast=Charlesworth&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYTIGy5t45WgC%26pg%3DPT64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adela_Yarbro_Collins" title="Adela Yarbro Collins">Collins, Adela Yarbro</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eZv1JZAHdg0C"><i>Cosmology and Eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11927-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11927-7"><bdi>978-90-04-11927-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmology+and+Eschatology+in+Jewish+and+Christian+Apocalypticism&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11927-7&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Adela+Yarbro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeZv1JZAHdg0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamgaard2015" class="citation book cs1">Damgaard, Finn (2015). "Moving the People to Repentance: Peter in Luke-Acts". In <a href="/wiki/Helen_Bond" title="Helen Bond">Bond, Helen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Hurtado" title="Larry Hurtado">Hurtado, Larry</a> (eds.). <i>Peter in Early Christianity</i>. William B. Eerdmans. pp. <span class="nowrap">121–</span>129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7171-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7171-8"><bdi>978-0-8028-7171-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moving+the+People+to+Repentance%3A+Peter+in+Luke-Acts&rft.btitle=Peter+in+Early+Christianity&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E129&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-7171-8&rft.aulast=Damgaard&rft.aufirst=Finn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuling2010" class="citation book cs1">Duling, Dennis C. (2010). "The Gospel of Matthew". In Aune, David E. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ygcgn8h-jo4C&pg=PA318"><i>The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament</i></a>. Wiley–Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1894-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1894-4"><bdi>978-1-4443-1894-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+of+Matthew&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+The+New+Testament&rft.pub=Wiley%E2%80%93Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-1894-4&rft.aulast=Duling&rft.aufirst=Dennis+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dygcgn8h-jo4C%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">Dunn, James D.G.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G4qpnvoautgC"><i>Jesus Remembered</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3931-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3931-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-3931-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Remembered&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3931-2&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG4qpnvoautgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart D Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HGpL9x19GaEC"><i>The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture: The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510279-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510279-6"><bdi>978-0-19-510279-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Corruption+of+Scripture%3A+The+Effect+of+Early+Christological+Controversies+on+the+Text+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510279-6&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHGpL9x19GaEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart D Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c9K_6NN3llcC"><i>Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983943-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983943-8"><bdi>978-0-19-983943-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+Apocalyptic+Prophet+of+the+New+Millennium&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983943-8&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc9K_6NN3llcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart D Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=URdACxKubDIC&pg=PA235"><i>Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518249-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518249-1"><bdi>978-0-19-518249-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Christianities%3A+The+Battles+for+Scripture+and+the+Faiths+We+Never+Knew&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518249-1&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DURdACxKubDIC%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._Earle_Ellis" title="E. Earle Ellis">Ellis, E. Earle</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3OdKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19"><i>The Gospel of Luke</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59244-207-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59244-207-2"><bdi>978-1-59244-207-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Luke&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-59244-207-2&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=E.+Earle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3OdKAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2011" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Craig A. 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Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06918-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06918-1"><bdi>978-0-300-06918-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Books+and+Readers+in+the+Early+Church%3A+A+History+of+Early+Christian+Texts&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-300-06918-1&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=Harry+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2aEJfsXY57cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGathercole2013" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Simon_J._Gathercole" title="Simon J. Gathercole">Gathercole, Simon J.</a> (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/titles.pdf">"The Titles of the Gospels in the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft</i>, <b>104</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">33–</span>76, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fznw-2013-0002">10.1515/znw-2013-0002</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170079937">170079937</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225062934/http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/titles.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 February 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+die+neutestamentliche+Wissenschaft&rft.atitle=The+Titles+of+the+Gospels+in+the+Earliest+New+Testament+Manuscripts&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fznw-2013-0002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170079937%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gathercole&rft.aufirst=Simon+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkhazarzar.skeptik.net%2Fbooks%2Ftitles.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodacre2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Goodacre" title="Mark Goodacre">Goodacre, Mark</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MPfBso3TwGkC"><i>The Case Against Q: Studies in Markan Priority and the Synoptic Problem</i></a>. Trinity Press International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56338-334-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56338-334-9"><bdi>1-56338-334-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+Against+Q%3A+Studies+in+Markan+Priority+and+the+Synoptic+Problem&rft.pub=Trinity+Press+International&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-56338-334-9&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMPfBso3TwGkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joel_B._Green" title="Joel B. Green">Green, Joel</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSNT4X_FdpEC"><i>The Theology of the Gospel of Luke</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46932-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46932-6"><bdi>978-0-521-46932-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theology+of+the+Gospel+of+Luke&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-46932-6&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSNT4X_FdpEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1997" class="citation book cs1">Green, Joel (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wzRVN2S8cVgC"><i>The Gospel of Luke</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2315-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2315-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-2315-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Luke&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2315-1&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwzRVN2S8cVgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrobbelaar2020" class="citation journal cs1">Grobbelaar, Jan (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fhts.v76i4.5637">"Doing theology with children: A childist reading of the childhood metaphor in 1 Corinthians and the Synoptic Gospels"</a>. <i>HTS Theological Studies</i>. <b>76</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fhts.v76i4.5637">10.4102/hts.v76i4.5637</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2263%2F76468">2263/76468</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0259-9422">0259-9422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HTS+Theological+Studies&rft.atitle=Doing+theology+with+children%3A+A+childist+reading+of+the+childhood+metaphor+in+1+Corinthians+and+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2263%2F76468&rft.issn=0259-9422&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4102%2Fhts.v76i4.5637&rft.aulast=Grobbelaar&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4102%252Fhts.v76i4.5637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolladay2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Holladay" title="Carl Holladay">Holladay, Carl R.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CUXim2wXtwsC&pg=PT216"><i>A Critical Introduction to the New Testament: Interpreting the Message and Meaning of Jesus Christ</i></a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-4828-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-4828-8"><bdi>978-1-4267-4828-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament%3A+Interpreting+the+Message+and+Meaning+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-4828-8&rft.aulast=Holladay&rft.aufirst=Carl+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCUXim2wXtwsC%26pg%3DPT216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurtado2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hurtado" title="Larry Hurtado">Hurtado, Larry W.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k32wZRMxltUC"><i>Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3167-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3167-5"><bdi>978-0-8028-3167-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Jesus+Christ%3A+Devotion+to+Jesus+in+Earliest+Christianity&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3167-5&rft.aulast=Hurtado&rft.aufirst=Larry+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk32wZRMxltUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Luke_Timothy_Johnson" title="Luke Timothy Johnson">Johnson, Luke Timothy</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hNKRc2yVsQUC"><i>The New Testament: A Very Short Introduction</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974599-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974599-9"><bdi>978-0-19-974599-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Testament%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-974599-9&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Luke+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhNKRc2yVsQUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLössl2010" class="citation book cs1">Lössl, Josef (2010). <i>The Early Church: History and Memory</i>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-16561-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-16561-9"><bdi>978-0-567-16561-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Church%3A+History+and+Memory&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-567-16561-9&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6ssl&rft.aufirst=Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_MacDonald" title="Dennis MacDonald">MacDonald, Dennis R.</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525073815/http://www.westarinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Forum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf">"John's Radical Rewriting of Luke-Acts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Forum</i>. <b>3</b> (Fall 2015): <span class="nowrap">111–</span>124. 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In Pitts, Andrew; <a href="/wiki/Stanley_E._Porter" title="Stanley E. Porter">Porter, Stanley</a> (eds.). <i>Christian Origins and Greco-Roman Culture</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23416-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23416-1"><bdi>978-90-04-23416-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Luke+as+a+Hellenistic+Historian&rft.btitle=Christian+Origins+and+Greco-Roman+Culture&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-23416-1&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTs6ONz6oF0YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcReynolds2016" class="citation journal cs1">McReynolds, Kathy (1 May 2016). "The Gospel of Luke: A Framework for a Theology of Disability". <i>Christian Education Journal</i>. <b>13</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">169–</span>178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F073989131601300111">10.1177/073989131601300111</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0739-8913">0739-8913</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148901462">148901462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Education+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+of+Luke%3A+A+Framework+for+a+Theology+of+Disability&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E178&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148901462%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0739-8913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F073989131601300111&rft.aulast=McReynolds&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzger2011" class="citation journal cs1">Metzger, James (22 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317033313/https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ojsbct/index.php/bct/article/view/308">"Disability and the marginalisation of God in the Parable of the Snubbed Host (Luke 14.15-24)"</a>. <i>The Bible and Critical Theory</i>. <b>6</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1832-3391">1832-3391</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ojsbct/index.php/bct/article/view/308">the original</a> on 17 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bible+and+Critical+Theory&rft.atitle=Disability+and+the+marginalisation+of+God+in+the+Parable+of+the+Snubbed+Host+%28Luke+14.15-24%29&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft.issn=1832-3391&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovaojs.newcastle.edu.au%2Fojsbct%2Findex.php%2Fbct%2Farticle%2Fview%2F308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2011" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Philip M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=838A8BDUI5kC&pg=PA64">"The Least Orthodox Reading is to be Preferred"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Daniel_B._Wallace" title="Daniel B. Wallace">Wallace, Daniel B.</a> (ed.). <i>Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament</i>. Kregel Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-8906-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-8906-8"><bdi>978-0-8254-8906-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Least+Orthodox+Reading+is+to+be+Preferred&rft.btitle=Revisiting+the+Corruption+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Kregel+Academic&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-8906-8&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Philip+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D838A8BDUI5kC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Morris" title="Leon Morris">Morris, Leon</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6D3o6fZd67EC"><i>New Testament Theology</i></a>. Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-45571-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-45571-4"><bdi>978-0-310-45571-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Testament+Theology&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-310-45571-4&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6D3o6fZd67EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pheme_Perkins" title="Pheme Perkins">Perkins, Pheme</a> (1998). "The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story". In Barton, John (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSHCRgS_SAUC"><i>The Cambridge companion to biblical interpretation</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48593-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48593-7"><bdi>978-0-521-48593-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Synoptic+Gospels+and+the+Acts+of+the+Apostles%3A+Telling+the+Christian+Story&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+companion+to+biblical+interpretation&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-48593-7&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPSHCRgS_SAUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins2009" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Pheme (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lMUZhdgmOR8C"><i>Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6553-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6553-3"><bdi>978-0-8028-6553-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-6553-3&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlMUZhdgmOR8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Allan_Powell" title="Mark Allan Powell">Powell, Mark Allan</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9jRu8_-GlKMC"><i>What Are They Saying About Luke?</i></a>. Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3111-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3111-2"><bdi>978-0-8091-3111-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Are+They+Saying+About+Luke%3F&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-3111-2&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Mark+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9jRu8_-GlKMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Allan_Powell" title="Mark Allan Powell">Powell, Mark Allan</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IJP4DRCVaUMC"><i>Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25703-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25703-3"><bdi>978-0-664-25703-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+as+a+Figure+in+History%3A+How+Modern+Historians+View+the+Man+from+Galilee&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25703-3&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Mark+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIJP4DRCVaUMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2015" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Dieter T. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hNYuBgAAQBAJ"><i>The Text of Marcion's Gospel</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-24520-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-24520-4"><bdi>978-90-04-24520-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+Marcion%27s+Gospel&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-24520-4&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Dieter+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhNYuBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1987" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Dennis E. (1987). "Table Fellowship as a Literary Motif in the Gospel of Luke". <i>Journal of Biblical Literature</i>. <b>106</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">613–</span>638. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3260823">10.2307/3260823</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9231">0021-9231</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3260823">3260823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.atitle=Table+Fellowship+as+a+Literary+Motif+in+the+Gospel+of+Luke&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E613-%3C%2Fspan%3E638&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0021-9231&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3260823%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3260823&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Dennis+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStory2012" class="citation journal cs1">Story, Lyle (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/581979e1-eb92-41f8-84fe-06b1f3e380f2/downloads/1cleqf1s0_113095.pdf">"One banquet with many courses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Biblical and Pneumatological Research</i>. <b>4</b>: <span class="nowrap">67–</span>93. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430032119/https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/581979e1-eb92-41f8-84fe-06b1f3e380f2/downloads/1cleqf1s0_113095.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 April 2021 – via EBSCO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+and+Pneumatological+Research&rft.atitle=One+banquet+with+many+courses&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Story&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimg1.wsimg.com%2Fblobby%2Fgo%2F581979e1-eb92-41f8-84fe-06b1f3e380f2%2Fdownloads%2F1cleqf1s0_113095.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrecker2000" class="citation book cs1">Strecker, Georg (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_6NxpAvdrOgC"><i>Theology of the New Testament</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22336-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22336-6"><bdi>978-0-664-22336-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theology+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22336-6&rft.aulast=Strecker&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_6NxpAvdrOgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrelan2013" class="citation book cs1">Strelan, Rick (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AeTdi13weAoC&pg=PA103"><i>Luke the Priest – the Authority of the Author of the Third Gospel</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-7788-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-7788-4"><bdi>978-1-4094-7788-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luke+the+Priest+%E2%80%93+the+Authority+of+the+Author+of+the+Third+Gospel&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-7788-4&rft.aulast=Strelan&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAeTdi13weAoC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbert2002" class="citation book cs1">Talbert, Charles H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gds2W380hPcC"><i>Reading Luke: A Literary and Theological Commentary</i></a>. Smyth & Helwys. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57312-393-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57312-393-8"><bdi>978-1-57312-393-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Luke%3A+A+Literary+and+Theological+Commentary&rft.pub=Smyth+%26+Helwys&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57312-393-8&rft.aulast=Talbert&rft.aufirst=Charles+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGds2W380hPcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheissenMerz1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Theissen" title="Gerd Theissen">Theissen, Gerd</a>; <a href="/wiki/Annette_Merz" title="Annette Merz">Merz, Annette</a> (1998) [1996]. <i>The historical Jesus: a comprehensive guide</i>. Translated by Bowden, John. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-3123-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-3123-9"><bdi>978-0-8006-3123-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+historical+Jesus%3A+a+comprehensive+guide&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8006-3123-9&rft.aulast=Theissen&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft.au=Merz%2C+Annette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2010" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Richard P. (2010). "Luke–Acts: The Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles". In Aune, David E. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ygcgn8h-jo4C&pg=PA318"><i>The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament</i></a>. Wiley–Blackwell. p. 319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1894-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1894-4"><bdi>978-1-4443-1894-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Luke%E2%80%93Acts%3A+The+Gospel+of+Luke+and+the+Acts+of+the+Apostles&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+The+New+Testament&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=Wiley%E2%80%93Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-1894-4&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Richard+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dygcgn8h-jo4C%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwelftree1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Twelftree" title="Graham Twelftree">Twelftree, Graham H.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DitVtGWdYeYC"><i>Jesus the miracle worker: a historical & theological study</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1596-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1596-8"><bdi>978-0-8308-1596-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+the+miracle+worker%3A+a+historical+%26+theological+study&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1596-8&rft.aulast=Twelftree&rft.aufirst=Graham+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDitVtGWdYeYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Aarde2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andries_van_Aarde" title="Andries van Aarde">van Aarde, Andries</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2FHTS.V75I3.5258">"Syncrisis as literary motif in the story about the grown-up child Jesus in the temple (Luke 2:41-52 and the Thomas tradition)"</a>. <i>HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies</i>. <b>75</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2FHTS.V75I3.5258">10.4102/HTS.V75I3.5258</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2263%2F76046">2263/76046</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HTS+Teologiese+Studies+%2F+Theological+Studies&rft.atitle=Syncrisis+as+literary+motif+in+the+story+about+the+grown-up+child+Jesus+in+the+temple+%28Luke+2%3A41-52+and+the+Thomas+tradition%29&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2263%2F76046&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4102%2FHTS.V75I3.5258&rft.aulast=van+Aarde&rft.aufirst=Andries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4102%252FHTS.V75I3.5258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderKamFlint2005" class="citation book cs1">VanderKam, James C.; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Flint" title="Peter Flint">Flint, Peter W.</a> (2005). <i>The meaning of the Dead Sea scrolls: Their significance for understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-08468-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-08468-X"><bdi>0-567-08468-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+meaning+of+the+Dead+Sea+scrolls%3A+Their+significance+for+understanding+the+Bible%2C+Judaism%2C+Jesus%2C+and+Christianity&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-567-08468-X&rft.aulast=VanderKam&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft.au=Flint%2C+Peter+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="http://www.biblegateway.com"><i>Bible Gateway 35 languages/50 versions</i></a> at GospelCom.net</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unbound.biola.edu"><i>Unbound Bible 100+ languages/versions</i></a> at Biola University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Luke+1"><i>Online Bible</i></a> at gospelhall.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/luke.html">Early Christian Writings</a>; <i>Gospel of Luke: introductions and e-texts</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040205121126/http://www.ifrance.com/bezae/index.html">French; English translation</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=NT+03+Luke&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced">Bible: Luke</a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> Various versions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vts.edu/ftpimages/95/download/download_group10628_id314976.pdf">A Brief Introduction to Luke–Acts is available online.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160114191052/http://www.vts.edu/ftpimages/95/download/download_group10628_id314976.pdf">Archived</a> 14 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katapi.org.uk/4Gospels/Ch8.htm#II">B.H. Streeter, The Four Gospels: A study of origins 1924.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106074404/http://www.katapi.org.uk/4Gospels/Ch8.htm#II">Archived</a> 6 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327165542/http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/TCG/TC-Luke.pdf">Willker, W (2007), <i>A textual commentary on the Gospel of Luke</i>, Pub. on-line</a> A very detailed text-critical discussion of the 300 most important variants of the Greek text (PDF, 467 pages)</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Gospel of Luke </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a> <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><small><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <small><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Bible">Books of the Bible</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><small><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Luke112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template talk:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="Luke 1">Luke 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_2" title="Luke 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_3" title="Luke 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_4" title="Luke 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_5" title="Luke 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_6" title="Luke 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_7" title="Luke 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_8" title="Luke 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_9" title="Luke 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_10" title="Luke 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_11" title="Luke 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_12" title="Luke 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_13" title="Luke 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_14" title="Luke 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_15" title="Luke 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_16" title="Luke 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_17" title="Luke 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_18" title="Luke 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_19" title="Luke 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_20" title="Luke 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_21" title="Luke 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22" title="Luke 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_23" title="Luke 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_24" title="Luke 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Verses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22:43%E2%80%9344" title="Luke 22:43–44">Luke 22:43–44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation to Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Elizabeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">and the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">John the Baptist's Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Quirinius" title="Census of Quirinius">Census of Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Jesus' Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_of_Jesus" title="Circumcision of Jesus">Circumcision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation at the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">Finding in the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">Calling of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_the_cost" title="Counting the cost">Counting the cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son">Prodigal son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishers_of_men" title="Fishers of men">Fishers of men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wine_into_Old_Wineskins" title="New Wine into Old Wineskins">New Wine into Old Wineskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunc_dimittis" title="Nunc dimittis">Nunc dimittis (Song of Simeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Steward" title="Parable of the Unjust Steward">Parable of the Unjust Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Rich man and Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_four_woes_of_Jesus" title="The four woes of Jesus">The four woes of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abijah" title="Abijah">Abijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysanias" title="Lysanias">Lysanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_of_Bethany" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha of Bethany">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naaman" title="Naaman">Naaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip (apostle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip (tetrarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius Caesar">Tiberius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene_(biblical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abilene (biblical)">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_(biblical_village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethany (biblical village)">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmaus" title="Emmaus">Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iturea" title="Iturea">Iturea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachonitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Trachonitis">Trachonitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship of Luke–Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two-gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_school_hypothesis" title="Jerusalem school hypothesis">Jerusalem school hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Luke">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Gospel of Marcion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jiizas:_di_Buk_We_Luuk_Rait_bout_Im" title="Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im">Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion,_BWV_246" title="St Luke Passion, BWV 246"><i>St Luke Passion</i>, BWV 246</a> (1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion_(Penderecki)" title="St Luke Passion (Penderecki)"><i>St Luke Passion</i></a> (Penderecki, 1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_(1979_film)" title="Jesus (1979 film)">Jesus</a></i> (1979 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witness:_Five_Plays_from_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke">Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke</a></i> (2007, radio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Savior_(2014_film)" title="The Savior (2014 film)">The Savior</a></i> (2014 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_3" title="Papyrus 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_7" title="Papyrus 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_42" title="Papyrus 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_69" title="Papyrus 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_82" title="Papyrus 82">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_97" title="Papyrus 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_111" title="Papyrus 111">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Nitriensis" title="Codex Nitriensis">Codex Nitriensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Glagolitic_fragments" title="Ohrid Glagolitic fragments">Ohrid Glagolitic fragments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Λουκάν">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Lucas" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Lucas">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Luke">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Luke">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Luke">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesus458" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus_footer" title="Template talk:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jesus458" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jesus" title="Outline of Jesus">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesus-related_topics" title="List of Jesus-related topics">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Jesus's life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi">instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Jesus%27_crucifixion" title="Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion">Instrument used</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nativity_of_Jesus151" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Template:Nativity of Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Template talk:Nativity of Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nativity of Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nativity_of_Jesus151" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_(magus)" title="Melchior (magus)">Melchior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_(magus)" title="Caspar (magus)">Caspar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthazar_(magus)" title="Balthazar (magus)">Balthazar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_(1622).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg/220px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg/330px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg/440px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2057" data-file-height="1690" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Place</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi#Gifts" title="Biblical Magi">Gifts of the Magi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">Myrrh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narratives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1" title="Matthew 1">Matthew 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:18" title="Matthew 1:18">Matthew 1:18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:19" title="Matthew 1:19">Matthew 1:19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:20" title="Matthew 1:20">Matthew 1:20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:21" title="Matthew 1:21">Matthew 1:21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:22" title="Matthew 1:22">Matthew 1:22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:23" title="Matthew 1:23">Matthew 1:23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:24" title="Matthew 1:24">Matthew 1:24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:25" title="Matthew 1:25">Matthew 1:25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_2:11" title="Matthew 2:11">Matthew 2:11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Adoration_of_the_Magi_in_art" title="Category:Adoration of the Magi in art">In art</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gospel of Luke</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_2" title="Luke 2">Luke 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">Annunciation to the shepherds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manger" title="Manger">Manger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_dreams" title="Saint Joseph's dreams">Saint Joseph's dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_later_culture" title="Nativity of Jesus in later culture">In culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Nativity of Jesus in art">In art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_the_Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Category:Films about the Nativity of Jesus">In film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batlejka" title="Batlejka">Batlejka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalking_the_door" title="Chalking the door">Chalking the door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_village" title="Christmas village">Christmas village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_szopka" title="Kraków szopka">Szopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Jesus_theft" title="Baby Jesus theft">theft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_play" title="Nativity play">Nativity play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertep" title="Vertep">Vertep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vertep_(Serbian)" title="Vertep (Serbian)">Serbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Category:Nativity of Jesus in art">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remembrances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books_of_the_Bible242" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template talk:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books_of_the_Bible242" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Books</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Protocanonical_books" title="Protocanonical books">(protocanon)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Orthodox & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon#Broader_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syriac <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Three_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Three Patriarchs">Testaments of the Three Patriarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Jacob" title="Testament of Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">Canon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans" title="Epistle to the Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">1 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Clement" title="Second Epistle of Clement">2 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah#Pentateuch" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature#Sapiential_Books" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Poetic Books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Jewish canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertestamental_period" title="Intertestamental period">Intertestamental period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">Old Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">Manuscripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">New Testament manuscript categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_uncials" title="List of New Testament uncials">New Testament uncials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_version_debate" title="Bible version debate">Bible version debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible" title="Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible">Other books referenced in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">Additional Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bible" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bible">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39939#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2252" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39939#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2252" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39939#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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