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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Campaign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Campaign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phase_One_(1722)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phase_One_(1722)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Phase One (1722)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phase_One_(1722)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phase_Two_(1722/23)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phase_Two_(1722/23)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Phase Two (1722/23)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phase_Two_(1722/23)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_(1722-1723)" title="الحرب الروسية الفارسية (1722-1723) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب الروسية الفارسية (1722-1723)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Կասպիական Արշաւանք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կասպիական Արշաւանք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiyan%C4%B1n_X%C9%99z%C9%99ryan%C4%B1_b%C3%B6lg%C9%99l%C9%99r%C9%99_h%C9%99rbi_y%C3%BCr%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC" title="Rusiyanın Xəzəryanı bölgələrə hərbi yürüşü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiyanın Xəzəryanı bölgələrə hərbi yürüşü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C_(%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B2%DB%B2-%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B2%DB%B3)" title="روس-ایران ساواشی (۱۷۲۲-۱۷۲۳) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روس-ایران ساواشی (۱۷۲۲-۱۷۲۳)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6%E2%80%93%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7_(%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A8%E2%80%93%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A9)" title="রুশ–পারস্য যুদ্ধ (১৭২২–১৭২৩) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুশ–পারস্য যুদ্ধ (১৭২২–১৭২৩)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko-persk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Rusko-perská válka (1722–1723) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rusko-perská válka (1722–1723)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_russisk-persiske_krig_(1722-1723)" title="Den russisk-persiske krig (1722-1723) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den russisk-persiske krig (1722-1723)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch-Persischer_Krieg_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Russisch-Persischer Krieg (1722–1723) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russisch-Persischer Krieg (1722–1723)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene-P%C3%A4rsia_s%C3%B5da_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Vene-Pärsia sõda (1722–1723) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vene-Pärsia sõda (1722–1723)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_(1722-1723)" title="Ρωσοπερσικός πόλεμος (1722-1723) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσοπερσικός πόλεμος (1722-1723)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_ruso-persa_(1722-1723)" title="Guerra ruso-persa (1722-1723) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra ruso-persa (1722-1723)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87_(%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B2%DB%B3%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B2%DB%B2)" title="جنگ ایران و روسیه (۱۷۲۳–۱۷۲۲) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ ایران و روسیه (۱۷۲۳–۱۷۲۲)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_russo-persane_de_1722-1723" title="Guerre russo-persane de 1722-1723 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre russo-persane de 1722-1723" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Կասպիական արշավանք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կասպիական արշավանք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_russo-persiana_(1722-1723)" title="Guerra russo-persiana (1722-1723) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra russo-persiana (1722-1723)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94%E2%80%93%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="מלחמת רוסיה–פרס (1722–1723) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת רוסיה–פרס (1722–1723)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievu%E2%80%94persie%C5%A1u_kar%C5%A1_(1722%E2%80%941723)" title="Krievu—persiešu karš (1722—1723) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievu—persiešu karš (1722—1723)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch-Perzische_Oorlog_(1722-1723)" title="Russisch-Perzische Oorlog (1722-1723) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russisch-Perzische Oorlog (1722-1723)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89_(1722%E5%B9%B4-1723%E5%B9%B4)" title="ロシア・ペルシャ戦争 (1722年-1723年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア・ペルシャ戦争 (1722年-1723年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_russisk-persiske_krigen_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Den russisk-persiske krigen (1722–1723) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den russisk-persiske krigen (1722–1723)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_russisk-persiske_krigen_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Den russisk-persiske krigen (1722–1723) – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den russisk-persiske krigen (1722–1723)" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_rosyjsko-perska_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Wojna rosyjsko-perska (1722–1723) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna rosyjsko-perska (1722–1723)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_russo-persa_de_1722%E2%80%931723" title="Guerra russo-persa de 1722–1723 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra russo-persa de 1722–1723" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_(1722%E2%80%941723)" title="Персидский поход (1722—1723) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Персидский поход (1722—1723)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Први руско-персијски рат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Први руско-персијски рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n%E2%80%93Persian_sota_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Venäjän–Persian sota (1722–1723) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän–Persian sota (1722–1723)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus-Safev%C3%AE_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_(1722-1723)" title="Rus-Safevî Savaşı (1722-1723) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rus-Safevî Savaşı (1722-1723)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%86" title="Перський похід Петра І – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перський похід Петра І" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_Nga_%E2%80%93_Ba_T%C6%B0_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Chiến tranh Nga – Ba Tư (1722–1723) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh Nga – Ba Tư (1722–1723)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89_(1722%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941723%E5%B9%B4)" title="俄伊战争 (1722年—1723年) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄伊战争 (1722年—1723年)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1418582#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Conflict between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansereships.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lansereships.jpg/220px-Lansereships.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lansereships.jpg/330px-Lansereships.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lansereships.jpg/440px-Lansereships.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2162" data-file-height="1587" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a>'s fleet</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>18 June 1722 – 12 September 1723</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Russian victory </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint_Petersburg_(1723)" title="Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723)">Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723)</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mikaberidze850_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mikaberidze850-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Russia gains <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, and the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran Province">Mazandaran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Astarabad</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96.gif/22px-%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96.gif" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96.gif/33px-%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96.gif/44px-%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96.gif 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="145" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli" title="Kingdom of Kartli">Kingdom of Kartli</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg/22px-Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg/33px-Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg/44px-Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="281" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kabardia" title="Kabardia">Eastern Circassia</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate" title="Kalmyk Khanate">Kalmyk Khanate</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Shamkhalate_of_Tarki" title="Shamkhalate of Tarki">Shamkhalate of Tarki</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> Tabasaran principality<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Safavid_Flag.svg/23px-Safavid_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Safavid_Flag.svg/35px-Safavid_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Safavid_Flag.svg/45px-Safavid_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Apraksin" title="Fyodor Apraksin">Fyodor Apraksin</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Matyushkin" title="Mikhail Matyushkin">Mikhail Matyushkin</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Ivan Matveevich Krasnoshchyokov<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Danylo_Apostol" title="Danylo Apostol">Danylo Apostol</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:V6flag.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/V6flag.JPG/22px-V6flag.JPG" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/V6flag.JPG/33px-V6flag.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/V6flag.JPG/44px-V6flag.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="903" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vakhtang_VI_of_Kartli" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakhtang VI of Kartli">Vakhtang VI</a><br /> </p> <hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg/22px-Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg/33px-Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg/44px-Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="281" /></a></span> Murza Cherkassky<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg/22px-Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg/33px-Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg/44px-Banner_of_the_Kabardian_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="281" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Qeytuqo_Aslanbech" title="Qeytuqo Aslanbech">Qeytuqo Aslanbech</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Ayuka_Khan" title="Ayuka Khan">Ayuka Khan</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Adil-Giray<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Rustam-Qadi<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Safavid_Flag.svg/23px-Safavid_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Safavid_Flag.svg/35px-Safavid_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Safavid_Flag.svg/45px-Safavid_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a> <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_II" title="Tahmasp II">Tahmasp II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Russian Army: 61,039<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 6,531 died from military action and from diseases<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table> <div 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russo-Persian_War_(1722–1723)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Endirey" title="Battle of Endirey">Endirey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derbent_(1722)" title="Battle of Derbent (1722)">Derbent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Utemish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Utemish (page does not exist)">Utemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great%27s_capture_of_Rasht" title="Peter the Great's capture of Rasht">Rasht</a></li> <li><a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Russo-Persian Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Russo-Persian Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Russo-Persian Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russo-Persian_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars"><span class="wrap">Russo-Persian Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1651%E2%80%931653)" title="Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)">1651–1653</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1722–1723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_expedition_of_1796" title="Persian expedition of 1796">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">1804–1813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">1826–1828</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723</b>, known in Russian historiography as the <b>Persian campaign of <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a></b>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a war between the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a>, triggered by the <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a>'s attempt to expand Russian influence in the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> regions and to prevent its rival, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran. </p><p>The Russian victory ratified for Safavid Iran's cession of their territories in the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">South Caucasus</a> and contemporary northern Iran to Russia, comprising the cities of <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a> (southern <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> and their nearby surrounding lands, as well as the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran Province">Mazandaran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Astarabad</a> conform the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint_Petersburg_(1723)" title="Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723)">Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territories remained in Russian hands for nine and twelve years, when respectively according to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Resht" title="Treaty of Resht">Treaty of Resht</a> of 1732 and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ganja" title="Treaty of Ganja">Treaty of Ganja</a> of 1735 during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, they were returned to Iran. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the war, the nominal Russian border was the <a href="/wiki/Terek_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Terek River">Terek River</a>. South of that, the <a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of Dagestan</a> were nominal vassals of Iran. The ultimate cause of the war was Russia's desire to expand to the southeast and the temporary weakness of Iran. At the start of the war, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Isfahan" title="Siege of Isfahan">the Iranian capital was under siege</a>. The formal pretext was the grave damage inflicted to the many Russian merchants who inhabited the Safavid Iranian city of <a href="/wiki/Shamakhi" title="Shamakhi">Shamakhi</a>. </p><p>In 1721, rebellious <a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezgins</a>, from within the declining Safavid Empire, had <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Shamakhi_(1721)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Shamakhi (1721)">sacked and looted</a> the city, killing many of its inhabitants including several Russian merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAxworthy201042_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxworthy201042-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Artemy_Volynsky" title="Artemy Volynsky">Artemy Volynsky</a>, Russia's ambassador to Safavid Iran reported on the great damage done to the Russian merchants, to then incumbent Tsar <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> (r. 1682–1725).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESicker200148_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESicker200148-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report stipulated that the 1721 event was a clear violation of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Iranian_treaty_of_1717" title="Russo-Iranian treaty of 1717">1717 Russo-Iranian trade treaty</a>, by which Iran guaranteed to ensure the protection of Russian nationals within the Safavid domains. With Safavid Iran in chaos, and the Safavid ruler completely unable to safeguard the provisions of the treaty, Volynsky urged Peter to take advantage of the situation, and to invade Iran, on the pretext of restoring order as an ally of the Safavid king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESicker200148_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESicker200148-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, Russia shortly after used the attack on its merchants in Shamakhi as the pretext to launch the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAxworthy201062_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxworthy201062-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatthee200528_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatthee200528-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1714 and 1720, several Russian sailors had mapped the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>. On 15 July 1722, Peter issued a manifesto in several local languages justifying the invasion, drawn up by <a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Cantemir" title="Dimitrie Cantemir">Dimitrie Cantemir</a>. Peter gathered 22,000 infantry, 9,000 dragoons and 70,000 <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For transport, he created the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Flotilla" title="Caspian Flotilla">Caspian Flotilla</a> at <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a> under <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Apraksin" title="Fyodor Apraksin">Fyodor Apraksin</a>. The infantry, artillery and stores were to be shipped by sea to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Sulak_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulak River">Sulak River</a> while the cavalry went overland from <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Tsaritsyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozdok" title="Mozdok">Mozdok</a>. By the time Peter was assembling his forces for the attack, the Safavid state had already entered the final stages of collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkin19804_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin19804-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>All dates <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar#Adoption_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">old style</a> used in Russian accounts of the time, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">new style (N.S.)</a> modern equivalent, 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phase_One_(1722)"><span id="Phase_One_.281722.29"></span>Phase One (1722)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phase One (1722)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Derbent_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A hand-drawn map of a city on the coast. In the sea off the city's shoreline is a ship. At the bottom of the map is a painted view of the city." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Map_of_Derbent_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Map_of_Derbent_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Map_of_Derbent_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Map_of_Derbent_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Map_of_Derbent_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Map_of_Derbent_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8016" data-file-height="5802" /></a><figcaption>Map of Derbent drawn during its occupation by Russia 1722–1735.</figcaption></figure> <p>The flotilla arrived at the mouth of the Sulak on 27 July 1722 (August 7 N.S.) and Peter, carried ashore by four boatmen, was the first to disembark. There, he learned that some of his cavalry had been <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Endirey" title="Battle of Endirey">defeated by Kumyks and Chechens at Endirey</a>. Peter responded with a punitive expedition using Kalmukh troops. He went south and camped at what later became <a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Petrovsk</a>. On August 12 (August 23 N.S.), he made a state entry into <a href="/wiki/Tarki" title="Tarki">Tarki</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Shamkhalate_of_Tarki" title="Shamkhalate of Tarki">Shamkhalate of Tarki</a>, where the ruler received him as a friend. Next day, he headed south to <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a>, the flotilla following coastwise. He sent envoys to the next major ruler, the Sultan of Utemish. Sultan Mahmoud Otemishsky<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> killed the envoys and gathered about 16,000 men at Utemish to bar the way. The mountaineers fought valiantly, but could not withstand the disciplined infantry. Utemish was burned and all the prisoners hanged in revenge for the murder of the envoys. On learning of this, the Khan of Derbent offered Peter the keys to the city on August 23 (September 3 N.S.). Derbent is at a narrow point on the coastal plain and has long been considered the northern gateway to Iran. While in Derbent, Peter learned that the flotilla had been caught in a storm and most of the supplies lost. Since there was no possibility of resupply this late in the season, he left a strong garrison at Derbent, marched back to the Terek River, took ship to Astrakhan and, on December 13 (December 24 N.S.), made a triumphal entry into Moscow. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vakhtang_VI_of_Kartli" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakhtang VI of Kartli">Vakhtang VI of Kartli</a> (central Georgia) was a vassal of Iran and had been their captive for seven years. Given the weakness of Iran, he made an arrangement with Russia. In September 1722, he advanced on <a href="/wiki/Ganja,_Azerbaijan" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja</a>. When the Russians did not join him, he returned to Tbilisi in November. This provocation of Iran led to a disastrous invasion of his country. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaud-Peter-in-Tarki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Roubaud-Peter-in-Tarki.jpg/220px-Roubaud-Peter-in-Tarki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Roubaud-Peter-in-Tarki.jpg/330px-Roubaud-Peter-in-Tarki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Roubaud-Peter-in-Tarki.jpg/440px-Roubaud-Peter-in-Tarki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Peter I in Tarki, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Tarki_Shamkhalate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarki Shamkhalate">Tarki Shamkhalate</a>; by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Roubaud" title="Franz Roubaud">Franz Roubaud</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phase_Two_(1722/23)"><span id="Phase_Two_.281722.2F23.29"></span>Phase Two (1722/23)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phase Two (1722/23)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historical_map_of_Rasht_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colourful hand-drawn map of a city and its surrounding countryside. On the map are: a caption naming the city, Gilan, a map legend, a compass rose and at the bottom of the map a small painting perhaps showing a city-gate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Historical_map_of_Rasht_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Historical_map_of_Rasht_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Historical_map_of_Rasht_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Historical_map_of_Rasht_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Historical_map_of_Rasht_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Historical_map_of_Rasht_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8132" data-file-height="5623" /></a><figcaption>Map of Rasht, likely drawn during its Russian occupation 1722–1735.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historical_map_of_Baku_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hand-drawn colour map of a city on the coast. The map focuses on the fortifications and street grid of the city. Off the coast are five ships. At the bottom of the map is a small painting of two ships and a boat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Historical_map_of_Baku_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Historical_map_of_Baku_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Historical_map_of_Baku_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Historical_map_of_Baku_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Historical_map_of_Baku_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Historical_map_of_Baku_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7859" data-file-height="5379" /></a><figcaption>Map of Baku, likely drawn during the Russian occupation of 1723–1735.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before leaving Astrakhan, Peter, on 6 November (17 November N.S.), sent Colonel Shipov and two battalions south to occupy the Iranian city of <a href="/wiki/Rasht" title="Rasht">Rasht</a> at the southwest corner of the Caspian. The locals wanted help against the <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hotak" title="Mahmud Hotak">invading Afghans</a> but quickly changed their minds. 15,000 men were gathered, <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_II" title="Tahmasp II">Shah Tamasp</a> ordered the Russians out (February) and towards the end of March the Russians defeated the Iranians, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rasht" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Rasht">and had decisively taken the Caspian Sea town</a>. </p><p>After a long siege on 26 June 1723 (7 July 1723 N.S.) General Matyushkin took the Iranian town of <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> and soon <a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a> to the west and then the three Iranian provinces on the south coast of the Caspian Sea. On September 12 (September 23 N.S.), the Russians and Iranians made a treaty in which the Russians would drive out the Afghans and restore Shah Tahmasp to the throne in return for the cession of Derbent, Baku and the three south coast provinces. Next year, Prince Meshchersky went to Iran but was unable to secure ratification and was almost killed. </p><p>The war was formally concluded by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint_Petersburg_(1723)" title="Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723)">1723 Treaty of Saint Petersburg</a>, which recognized the Russian annexation of the west and south coasts of the Caspian. By the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1724)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1724)">1724 Treaty of Constantinople</a>, Russia recognized Turkish control of nearly everything west of what they had captured, thereby partitioning Transcaucasia between the two powers. The Russians lost many soldiers to disease. At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a> restored Iranian power. In 1732, through the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Resht" title="Treaty of Resht">Treaty of Resht</a>, Russia withdrew to approximately the current Iranian border. In 1735, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ganja" title="Treaty of Ganja">Treaty of Ganja</a>, Russia withdrew to its former border along the <a href="/wiki/Terek_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Terek River">Terek River</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The war was a costly war for both sides in different measures. Iran had lost swaths of its territories, while Russia had suffered large human losses. In total, the Russians lost 6,531 people during the campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and about 36,000 during the occupation of the Caucasus, mostly from diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grave damage was inflicted by the Russians on the occupied areas.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, in <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan</a>, one of the consequences of the occupation was the rapid decline of <a href="/wiki/Sericulture" title="Sericulture">sericulture</a>, as many of those involved in it fled.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took years for the industry to revive.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peter was determined to keep the newly conquered Iranian territories in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> and northern mainland <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. However, he was concerned about their safety and thus ordered the fortifications at <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a> and Holy Cross to be strengthened.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was determined to attach <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran Province">Mazandaran</a> to Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1724, the Tsar wrote to Matiushkin, Russian commander in <a href="/wiki/Rasht" title="Rasht">Rasht</a>, that he should invite "<a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, if there are such, to Gilan and Mazandaran and settle them, while Muslims should be very quietly, so that they would not know it, diminished in number as much as possible."<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1732, on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)">Russo-Turkish War</a>, the government of Empress <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Russia" title="Anna of Russia">Anna Ioannovna</a>, Peter's successor, returned many of the annexed territories to Iran as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Resht" title="Treaty of Resht">Treaty of Resht</a>, to construct an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavids</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1735 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ganja" title="Treaty of Ganja">Treaty of Ganja</a>, the remaining territories were returned, including <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarki" title="Tarki">Tarki</a>, and Iran was again in full possession of its territories in the North and South Caucasus and in contemporary northern Iran. The Russian troops nevertheless had not evacuated from the Iranian provinces until 1734.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_History_of_Iran" title="The Cambridge History of Iran">The Cambridge History of Iran</a></i> adds, "perhaps the only long-term consequence was the consciousness on the part of Russia's rulers that their armies had once marched beyond the Caucasus, that the Russian flag had flown over the southern shore of the Caspian Sea." </p><p>However, the sequel was additionally disastrous for the Georgian rulers who had supported Peter's venture. In eastern Georgia, <a href="/wiki/Vakhtang_VI_of_Kartli" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakhtang VI of Kartli">Vakhtang VI of Kartli</a> lost his throne and sought protection of the Russian court in 1724. In western Georgia, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_V_of_Imereti" title="Alexander V of Imereti">Alexander V of Imereti</a> had to accept an Ottoman suzerainty on more stringent terms. The Ottomans, further, alarmed by the Russian intervention, strengthened their hold along the Caucasian coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1724)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1724)">Treaty of Constantinople (1724)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Russo-Turkish wars">History of the Russo-Turkish wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>36,664<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>36,645<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article088419.html">Персидский поход 1722-23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044112/http://adhist.kbsu.ru/book/7/7_2_2.htm">"722"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adhist.kbsu.ru/book/7/7_2_2.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=722&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadhist.kbsu.ru%2Fbook%2F7%2F7_2_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071028052534/http://www.kumukia.ru/modules.php?name=Pages&pa=showpage&pid=14">"Кумыкский мир"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kumukia.ru/modules.php?name=Pages&pa=showpage&pid=14">the original</a> on 28 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkumukia.ru%2Fmodules.php%3Fname%3DPages%26pa%3Dshowpage%26pid%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated15-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrtabasaran.ru/settlement">Официальный сайт администрации Табасаранского района Населенные пункты</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114080827/http://www.mrtabasaran.ru/settlement">Archived</a> 2012-11-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mikaberidze850-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mikaberidze850_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Treaty of St Petersburg (1723)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mikaberidze" title="Alexander Mikaberidze">Alexander Mikaberidze</a>, <i>Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>, Vol. I, ed. Alexander Mikaberidze, (ABC-CLIO, 2011), 850.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SyogLC4SdRsC&dq=ayuka+khan+russo-persian+war+1722&pg=PA86"><i>Kalmykia in Russia's Past and Present National Policies and Administrative System</i></a> Central European University Press, 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9639776173" title="Special:BookSources/9639776173">9639776173</a> p 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated14-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated14_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203359/http://www.lekia.ru/str43.html">"lekia.ru"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lekia.ru/str43.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=lekia.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lekia.ru%2Fstr43.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_Iran-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Iran_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991">Fisher et al. 1991</a>, p. 321</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurkin2010207_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKurkin2010">Kurkin 2010</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elena Andreeva, <i>Russia and Iran in the Great Game: Travelogues and Orientalism</i>, (Routledge, 2007), 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxworthy201042-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAxworthy201042_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAxworthy2010">Axworthy 2010</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991316_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991">Fisher et al. 1991</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESicker200148-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESicker200148_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESicker200148_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSicker2001">Sicker 2001</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxworthy201062-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAxworthy201062_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAxworthy2010">Axworthy 2010</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatthee200528-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatthee200528_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatthee2005">Matthee 2005</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin19804-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkin19804_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkin1980">Atkin 1980</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Персидский поход Петра Великого: Низовой корпус на берегах Каспия (1722–1735) / И. В. Курукин; Науч. ред. к.и.н. Т. А. Коняшкина; МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Институт стран Азии и Африки. – М.: Квадрига, Объединенная редакция МВД России, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East</i>, Vol. II, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), 729.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangaroudiLangaroudi2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Langaroudi, EIr; Langaroudi, R. Rezazadeh (2009). "GĪLĀN vi. History in the 18th century". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-vi"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 6</i></a>. pp. 642–645.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=G%C4%AAL%C4%80N+vi.+History+in+the+18th+century&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+X%2C+Fasc.+6&rft.pages=642-645&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Langaroudi&rft.aufirst=EIr&rft.au=Langaroudi%2C+R.+Rezazadeh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fgilan-vi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/W.E.D._Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.D. Allen">Allen, W.E.D.</a> (1950). "Two Georgian Maps of the First Half of the Eighteenth Century". <i>Imago Mundi</i>, Vol. 10: 99.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurkin2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kurkin, Igor (2010). <bdi lang="ru">Персидский поход Петра Великого</bdi> [<i>Persian campaign of the Peter the Great</i>] (in Russian). Moscow: Квадрига. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-91791-046-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-91791-046-8"><bdi>978-5-91791-046-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-5-91791-046-8&rft.aulast=Kurkin&rft.aufirst=Igor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkin1980" class="citation book cs1">Atkin, Muriel (1980). <i>Russia and Iran, 1780–1828</i>. U of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816656974" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816656974"><bdi>978-0816656974</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+and+Iran%2C+1780%E2%80%931828&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0816656974&rft.aulast=Atkin&rft.aufirst=Muriel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxworthy2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Axworthy" title="Michael Axworthy">Axworthy, Michael</a> (2010). <i>The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant</i>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857721938" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857721938"><bdi>978-0857721938</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sword+of+Persia%3A+Nader+Shah%2C+from+Tribal+Warrior+to+Conquering+Tyrant&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0857721938&rft.aulast=Axworthy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&q=agha+muhammad+khan+invade+georgia"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i></a>. Vol. 7. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521200950" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521200950"><bdi>978-0521200950</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0521200950&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=William+Bayne&rft.au=Avery%2C+P.&rft.au=Hambly%2C+G.+R.+G&rft.au=Melville%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH20Xt157iYUC%26q%3Dagha%2Bmuhammad%2Bkhan%2Binvade%2Bgeorgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthee2005" class="citation book cs1">Matthee, Rudolph P. (2005). <i>The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500–1900</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691118550" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691118550"><bdi>978-0691118550</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pursuit+of+Pleasure%3A+Drugs+and+Stimulants+in+Iranian+History%2C+1500%E2%80%931900&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0691118550&rft.aulast=Matthee&rft.aufirst=Rudolph+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSicker2001" class="citation book cs1">Sicker, Martin (2001). <i>The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275968915" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275968915"><bdi>978-0275968915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+World+in+Decline%3A+From+the+Treaty+of+Karlowitz+to+the+Disintegration+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0275968915&rft.aulast=Sicker&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514224403/http://www.cultinfo.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/088/419.htm">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hayq.org/book/rebellion/">The Armenian Rebellion of the 1720s and the Threat of Genocidal Reprisal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/wars18c.htm#7YrW%7CCasualties">[1]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlop1998" class="citation cs2">Dunlop, John B. (1998), <i>Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist Conflict</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge, England">Cambridge</a>: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521636191" title="Special:BookSources/0521636191"><bdi>0521636191</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+Confronts+Chechnya%3A+Roots+of+a+Separatist+Conflict&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0521636191&rft.aulast=Dunlop&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Persian+War+%281722%E2%80%931723%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_Russia_(including_Tsarist,_Imperial_and_Soviet_times)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_conflicts" title="Template:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military history of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Military history of the Russian Empire">Military history of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military history of the Soviet Union">Military history of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Military history of the Russian Federation">Military history of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by opponent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-Finnish_wars" title="Soviet-Finnish wars">Soviet-Finnish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_conflicts_involving_Poland_against_Russia" title="List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Russia">Russo-Polish Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Sweden" title="List of wars between Russia and Sweden">Russo-Swedish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Russo-Turkish wars">Russo-Turkish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars between Russia and Ukraine">Russo-Ukrainian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Russia" title="List of wars involving Russia">List of wars involving Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of wars involving the Soviet Union">List of wars involving the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of battles involving the Russian Federation">List of battles involving the Russian Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Bolotnikov" title="Uprising of Bolotnikov">Uprising of Bolotnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razin%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Razin's Rebellion">Razin's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellion" title="Bulavin Rebellion">Bulavin Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Rebellion" title="Pugachev's Rebellion">Pugachev's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolt" title="Decembrist revolt">Decembrist revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">Coup attempt (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 Russian constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsardom of<br />Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1554%E2%80%931557)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)">Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1568%E2%80%931570)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)">Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1590%E2%80%931595)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)">Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Time_of_Troubles" title="Time of Troubles">Time of Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrian_War" title="Ingrian War">Ingrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1651%E2%80%931653)" title="Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)">Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1676%E2%80%931681)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)">Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1686%E2%80%931700)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)">Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th–19th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1710%E2%80%931711)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)">Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> (1733–1738)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Russian%E2%80%93Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)">Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> (1740–1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1741%E2%80%931743)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)">Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1788%E2%80%931790)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)">Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Russo-Polish War (1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">Russian colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Expedition_of_1796" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Expedition of 1796">Russo-Persian War (1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Seventh_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Seventh Coalition">War of the Seventh Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_the_Caucasus" title="Russian conquest of the Caucasus">Russian conquest of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_War" title="Caucasian War">Caucasian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Murid War">Murid War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%931829)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)">Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_War" title="Åland War">Åland War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Annexation" title="Amur Annexation">Amur Annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Russian conquest of Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Bukhara" title="Russian conquest of Bukhara">Russian conquest of Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khivan_campaign_of_1873" title="Khivan campaign of 1873">Khivan campaign of 1873</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Russian invasion of Manchuria">Russian invasion of Manchuria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Tabriz" title="Russian occupation of Tabriz">Russian occupation of Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Soviet_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine">1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alash_Autonomy" title="Alash Autonomy">Kazakhstan Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochi_conflict" title="Sochi conflict">Sochi conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimosodat" title="Heimosodat">Heimosodat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_westward_offensive_of_1918%E2%80%931919" title="Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919">Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)">Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Azerbaijan" title="Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan">Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Armenia" title="Red Army invasion of Armenia">Red Army invasion of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_intervention_in_Mongolia" title="Soviet intervention in Mongolia">Red Army intervention in Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Karelian_uprising" title="East Karelian uprising">East Karelian uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmachi_movement" title="Basmachi movement">Central Asian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urtatagai_conflict_(1925%E2%80%931926)" title="Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)">Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_conflict_(1929)" title="Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)">Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1930)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechen_uprising_of_1932&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chechen uprising of 1932 (page does not exist)">Chechen uprising of 1932</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_1932_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Восстание в Чечне 1932 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Xinjiang" title="Soviet invasion of Xinjiang">Soviet invasion of Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rebellion_in_Xinjiang_(1937)" title="Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)">Xinjiang War (1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" title="Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_Latvia_in_1944" title="Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944">Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army#Soviet_Union" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Guerrilla war in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Rebellion" title="Ili Rebellion">Ili Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_incident" title="Vlora incident">Vlora incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia_war_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="South Ossetia war (1991–1992)">South Ossetia war (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_campaign" title="Western Libya campaign">Western Libya campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest" title="2022 Kazakh unrest">Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Winter" title="Russian Winter">Russian Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Safavid_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Safavid_Iran" title="Template:Safavid Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Safavid_Iran" title="Template talk:Safavid Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Safavid_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Safavid Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Safavid_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia#Safavid_Empire_(1501–1736)" title="List of monarchs of Persia">Safavid shahs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mothers_of_the_Safavid_shahs" title="List of mothers of the Safavid shahs">List of mothers of the Safavid shahs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid dynasty family tree">Safavid dynasty family tree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Safavid_grand_viziers" title="List of Safavid grand viziers">Grand viziers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology and religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_order" title="Safavid order">Safaviyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_Safavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideology of Safavids">Ideology of Safavids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_conversion_of_Iran_to_Shia_Islam" title="Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam">Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_art" title="Safavid art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_miniature" title="Persian miniature">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Isfahan" title="School of Isfahan">School of Isfahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military and wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Safavid_Iran" title="Military of Safavid Iran">Military of Safavid Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars" title="Ottoman–Persian Wars">Ottoman–Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian–Portuguese War">Persian–Portuguese War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Persian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian%E2%80%93Uzbek_wars" title="Persian–Uzbek wars">Persian–Uzbek wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Persian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal–Persian Wars">Mughal–Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Georgian-Safavid_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Georgian-Safavid Wars">Georgian-Safavid Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_walls_in_Safavid_Iran" title="Defensive walls in Safavid Iran">Defensive walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid_relations" title="Ottoman–Safavid relations">Ottoman–Safavid relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Empire" title="Gunpowder Empire">Gunpowder Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasi_(currency)" title="Abbasi (currency)">Abbasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_abazi" title="Georgian abazi">Abazi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–Russia_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Template:Iran–Russia relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Template talk:Iran–Russia relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran–Russia relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–Russia_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Iran–Russia relations">Iran–Russia relations</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Iran,_Moscow" title="Embassy of Iran, Moscow">Embassy of Iran, Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Russia,_Tehran" title="Embassy of Russia, Tehran">Embassy of Russia, Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Russia_to_Iran" title="List of ambassadors of Russia to Iran">Ambassadors of Russia to Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_Russia,_Isfahan" title="Consulate General of Russia, Isfahan">Consulate General of Russia, Isfahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kurakchay" title="Treaty of Kurakchay">Treaty of Kurakchay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint_Petersburg_(1723)" title="Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723)">Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_Convention" title="Anglo-Russian Convention">Anglo-Russian Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P5%2B1" title="P5+1">P5+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Security_Belt" title="Marine Security Belt">Marine Security Belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1651%E2%80%931653)" title="Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)">1651–1653</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1722–1723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">1804–1813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">1826–1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasabad_(fortress)" title="Abbasabad (fortress)">Abbasabad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_the_Caucasus" title="Russian conquest of the Caucasus">Russian conquest of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution" title="Persian Constitutional Revolution">Persian Constitutional Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persian Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Iranian famine of 1942–1943">Iranian famine of 1942–1943</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1903_Isfahan_anti-Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_riots" title="1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots">1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tabriz_(1908%E2%80%931909)" title="Siege of Tabriz (1908–1909)">Siege of Tabriz (1908–1909)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_bombardment_of_the_Majlis" title="1908 bombardment of the Majlis">1908 bombardment of the Majlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Tabriz" title="Russian occupation of Tabriz">Russian occupation of Tabriz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Mirza" title="Abbas Mirza">Abbas Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Taqi_Pessian" title="Mohammad Taqi Pessian">Mohammad Taqi Pessian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafi_Khan_Qajar" title="Shafi Khan Qajar">Shafi Khan Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qulu_Mirza_Qajar" title="Ali Qulu Mirza Qajar">Ali Qulu Mirza Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Kazim_Mirza_Qajar" title="Amir Kazim Mirza Qajar">Amir Kazim Mirza Qajar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_the_Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Russia and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Russia and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Axis of Upheaval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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