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id="toc-July–September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1592" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1592"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 1592 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1592-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1593" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1593"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 1593 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1593-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1594" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1594"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 1594 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1594-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1595" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1595"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 1595 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1595-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1596" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1596"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 1596 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1596-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1597" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1597"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 1597 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1597-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1598" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1598"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 1598 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1598-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1599" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1599"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 1599 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1599-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Births </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">1590s</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" > 88 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1590" title="عقد 1590 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1590" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1590" title="Anyos 1590 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1590" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1590" title="Década del 1590 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1590" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-an" title="1590-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1590-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="১৫৯০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৫৯০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1590 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1590 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D1%8F" title="1590-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1590-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D1%8F" title="1590-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1590-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-e" title="1590-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1590-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1590" title="Bloavezhioù 1590 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1590" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1590" title="Dècada del 1590 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1590" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1590-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1590-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590au" title="1590au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1590au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590%27erne" title="1590'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1590'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1590" title="عوام 1590 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1590" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590er" title="1590er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1590er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590._aastad" title="1590. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1590. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1590" title="An 1590 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1590" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1590 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1590 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1590" title="Años 1590 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1590" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-aj_jaroj" title="1590-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1590-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590eko_hamarkada" title="1590eko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1590eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B5%DB%B9%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۵۹۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۵۹۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%C3%A1rini" title="1590-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1590-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1590" title="Années 1590 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1590" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590id%C3%AD" title="1590idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1590idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590an" title="1590an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1590an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1590" title="Década de 1590 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1590" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1590年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1590年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1590년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1590년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-ih" title="1590-ih – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1590-ih" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1590a" title="Yari 1590a – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1590a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-an" title="1590-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1590-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1590-тæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1590-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1591-1600" title="1591-1600 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1591-1600" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1590" title="Anni 1590 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1590" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-90_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-16" title="שנות ה-90 של המאה ה-16 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-90 של המאה ה-16" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-an" title="1590-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1590-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1590-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1590-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1590" title="Miaka ya 1590 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1590" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1590-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1590-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVI_am%C5%BEiaus_10-as_de%C5%A1imtmetis" title="XVI amžiaus 10-as dešimtmetis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XVI amžiaus 10-as dešimtmetis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1590" title="Anni 1590 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1590" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-lugu_vuvvet" title="1590-lugu vuvvet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1590-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1590-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1590-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1590-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1590-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १५९० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १५९० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1590-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1590-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1590" title="عقد 1590 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1590" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-an" title="1590-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1590-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1590 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1590 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-1599" title="1590-1599 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1590-1599" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1590年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1590年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%C3%A5rene" title="1590-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1590-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1590" title="Annaées 1590 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1590" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1590" title="Ans 1590 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ans 1590" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="1590 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1590 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-lar" title="1590-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1590-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1590 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1590 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1590" title="Década de 1590 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1590" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1590" title="Anii 1590 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1590" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590_watakuna" title="1590 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1590 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1590-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1590-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D1%81" title="1590-с – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1590-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590s" title="1590s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1590s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1590" title="Vitet 1590 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1590" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590ini" title="1590ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1590ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590s" title="1590s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1590s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/90._roky_16._storo%C4%8Dia" title="90. roky 16. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="90. roky 16. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590." title="1590. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1590." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D0%B5" title="1590-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1590-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-e" title="1590-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1590-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-an" title="1590-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1590-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-luku" title="1590-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1590-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-talet" title="1590-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1590-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1590கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1590கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1590-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1590-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1590" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1590 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1590" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1590_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1590 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1590 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1590ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1590ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1590-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1590-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1590ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1590ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1590" title="Thập niên 1590 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1590" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1590" title="Anêyes 1590 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1590" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590_nga_dekada" title="1590 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1590 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1590年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1590年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1590年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1590年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Decade</div> The 1590s decade ran from January 1, 1590, to December 31, 1599. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1570s" title="1570s">1570s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1580s" title="1580s">1580s</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1590s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1600s_(decade)" title="1600s (decade)">1600s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1610s" title="1610s">1610s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1590" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1590">1590</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1591" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1591">1591</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1592" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1592">1592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1593" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1593">1593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1594" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1594">1594</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1595" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1595">1595</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1596" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1596">1596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1597" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1597">1597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1598" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1598">1598</a></li> <li><a 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class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1590">1590</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1590&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1590&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1590&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Hurtado_de_Mendoza,_5th_Marquis_of_Ca%C3%B1ete" title="García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete">García Hurtado de Mendoza</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_Peru" title="List of viceroys of Peru">Viceroy of Peru</a> (nominally including most of South America except for Brazil). He will serve until 1596. <a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Livorno#Fortezza_Nuova" title="Livorno">Fortezza Nuova</a> around the city of <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a> begins in Italy in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a> on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> and continues for more than 14 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Velasco,_1st_Marquess_of_Salinas_del_R%C3%ADo_Pisuerga" title="Luis de Velasco, 1st Marquess of Salinas del Río Pisuerga">Luis de Velasco y Castilla</a>, Marquess of Salinas, becomes the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_New_Spain" title="List of viceroys of New Spain">Viceroy of New Spain</a>, a colony comprising most of Central America, Mexico and what is now a large part of the southwestern United States. Velasco will govern until 1595, and then again from 1607 to 1611. <a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ernst_I_von_Mansfeld-Vorderort" title="Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort">Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort</a>, the German-born commander of the Spanish Imperial Army captures the German fortress of <a href="/wiki/Rheinberg" title="Rheinberg">Rheinberg</a> after a four-year long siege during the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>. <a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau,_Prince_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange">Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Breda_(1590)" title="Capture of Breda (1590)">takes</a> <a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Breda</a>, by concealing 68 of his best men in a peat-boat, to get through the impregnable defenses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ivry" title="Battle of Ivry">Battle of Ivry</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> again defeats the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(French)" title="Catholic League (French)">Catholic League</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Mayenne" title="Charles, Duke of Mayenne">Charles, Duke of Mayenne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1590)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1590)">Treaty of Constantinople</a> is signed between the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (in modern-day Turkey) and the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Empire">Safavid Empire</a> (modern-day Iran), ending a <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid_War_(1578%E2%80%931590)" title="Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)">12-year war between the two nations</a>. <a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1590&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – The Cortes of <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a> approves a new subsidy, the <a href="/wiki/Millones" title="Millones">millones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – Ten armed English merchant vessels of the <a href="/wiki/Levant_Company" title="Levant Company">Levant Company</a> are intercepted by 12 galleys of the Spanish Navy while attempting to pass through the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Gibraltar">Straits of Gibraltar</a> after trading in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Levant Company's <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Barnham" title="Benedict Barnham">Benedict Barnham</a>, on the flagship Salomon, leads the corporate fleet in a six-hour battle and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Strait_of_Gibraltar_(1590)" title="Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar (1590)">heavily damages the Spanish ships</a>, clearing the way for the company ships to return home.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">King Henry of Navarre</a>, claimant to the throne of France, begins an unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1590)" title="Siege of Paris (1590)">attempt to besiege Paris</a>, at the time controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(French)" title="Catholic League (French)">Catholic League</a>. By August 30, Henry is forced to raise the siege, when <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma</a> comes to its rescue with a Spanish army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a> is crowned queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Abbey" title="Holyrood Abbey">Holyrood Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – The Japanese samurai <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> sends an army of 15,000 men, led by generals <a href="/wiki/Maeda_Toshiie" title="Maeda Toshiie">Maeda Toshiie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kagekatsu" title="Uesugi Kagekatsu">Uesugi Kagekatsu</a>, in an attack on the <a href="/wiki/Hachi%C5%8Dji_Castle" title="Hachiōji Castle">Hachiōji Castle</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. The castle is lightly defended, by only 1,300 men, because the samurai <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Ujiteru" title="Hōjō Ujiteru">Hōjō Ujiteru</a> has most of his troops engaged in defending Hideyohsi's <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odawara_(1590)" title="Siege of Odawara (1590)">siege of Odawara</a>. The castle is captured after one day, and later destroyed on orders of the shogun <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1590&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> (13th waning of <a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">1st Ashadha</a>, 952 CS) – <a href="/wiki/Naresuan" title="Naresuan">Naresuan Maharat</a> becomes the new ruler of Thailand as Sanphet II of the <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a>, upon the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/Maha_Thammaracha_(king_of_Ayutthaya)" title="Maha Thammaracha (king of Ayutthaya)">Sanphet I</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – The day after his 12th birthday, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand of Habsburg</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Archduke_of_Inner_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke of Inner Austria">Archduke of Inner Austria</a> (Innerösterreich) upon the death, in <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, of his father <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a>. A regency council rules in the place of Ferdinand until 1596.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – Japan's first diplomatic representatives to Europe, <a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Mancio" title="Itō Mancio">Itō Mancio</a>, Michele Chijiwa, Giuliano Nakaura and Martino Hara, return to Japan after eight years, having departed on February 20, 1582. <a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – In Japan, the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odawara_(1590)" title="Siege of Odawara (1590)">siege of Odawara</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>'s campaign to eliminate the <a href="/wiki/Later_H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan" title="Later Hōjō clan">clan of samurais</a> led by <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Ujinao" title="Hōjō Ujinao">Hōjō Ujinao</a>, ends with the surrender of Odawara,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> part of Toyotomi's unification of the country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_White_(colonist_and_artist)" title="John White (colonist and artist)">John White</a>, governor of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Roanoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Roanoke">Colony of Roanoke</a>, returns to Roanoke after having left the North American colony in <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a> to get supplies. Upon arrival at, the crew of the ships Hopewell and Moonlight find that the Roanoke Colony is deserted, with the only clues to where the colonist went being the word "CRO" carved into a tree, and the word <a href="/wiki/Hatteras_Island" title="Hatteras Island">CROATOAN</a> (believed to be a reference to Hatteras Island, where the colonists formerly lived).<a href="#cite_note-Stick-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a> dies after serving for five years, and a new <a href="/wiki/September_1590_papal_conclave" title="September 1590 papal conclave">papal conclave</a> is organized, to start on September 7 at the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a> in Rome.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander Farnese</a>'s army forces <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> to lift the siege of Paris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> <ul><li>After the eight day conclave, <a href="/wiki/Urban_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban VII">Giovanni Battista Castagna</a>, the Cardinal-Priest of <a href="/wiki/San_Marcello_al_Corso" title="San Marcello al Corso">San Marcello al Corso</a> receives the necessary two-thirds majority despite support for Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Marco_Antonio_Colonna" title="Marco Antonio Colonna">Marco Antonio Colonna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Castagna takes becomes <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VII" title="Pope Urban VII">Pope Urban VII</a> but contracts <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and dies 12 days later.<a href="#cite_note-Sixtus-14">[14]</a></li> <li>The estimated 6.0 magnitude <a href="/wiki/1590_Neulengbach_earthquake" title="1590 Neulengbach earthquake">Neulengbach earthquake</a> causes significant damage and some loss of life, in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>; the effects are felt as far as <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SHEEC-15">[15]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1590&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – Two days before the scheduled papal conclave begins, <a href="/wiki/Enrique_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_2nd_Count_of_Olivares" title="Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Count of Olivares">Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Count of Olivares</a>, Spain's ambassador to the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, presents the cardinals with King the recommendations of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>, a set of candidates whom the Spanish cardinals will support, and 30 whom they are instructed not to vote for.<a href="#cite_note-VaticanHistory-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – The second <a href="/wiki/October%E2%80%93December_1590_papal_conclave" title="October–December 1590 papal conclave">papal conclave</a> in less four weeks two months opens at the Apostolic Palace in Rome, 23 days after the <a href="/wiki/September_1590_papal_conclave" title="September 1590 papal conclave">previous conclave</a> had been concluded, and 53 cardinals arrive. <a href="#cite_note-VaticanHistory-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> <ul><li>(5th waxing of Tazaungmon 952 ME) – In what is now <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Bayin" title="Nanda Bayin">Nanda Bayin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Toungoo_dynasty" title="Toungoo dynasty">Burma</a> sends a 10,000-man army, led by the Viceroy <a href="/wiki/Thado_Dhamma_Yaza_III_of_Prome" title="Thado Dhamma Yaza III of Prome">Thado Dhamma Yaza III of Prome</a>, and General <a href="/wiki/Natshinnaung" title="Natshinnaung">Natshinnaung</a> to suppress a rebellion in the Shan state of Mogaung.<a href="#cite_note-Yazawin-17">[17]</a></li> <li>German astronomer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Maestlin" title="Michael Maestlin">Michael Maestlin</a> becomes the first person to record an observation of the occultation of the planet <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> by the planet <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saadian_invasion_of_the_Songhai_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadian invasion of the Songhai Empire">Saadian invasion of the Songhai Empire</a>: An army of 20,000 troops, led by <a href="/wiki/Judar_Pasha" title="Judar Pasha">Judar Pasha</a> is dispatched from <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Saadi_Sultanate" title="Saadi Sultanate">Saadi Sultanate</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>), on orders of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Mansur" title="Ahmad al-Mansur">Ahmad al-Mansur</a>. The Saadi Army's objective is to conquer the <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a>, led by the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Askia_Ishaq_II" title="Askia Ishaq II">Askia Ishaq II</a>, in North Africa, corresponding to what is now the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mali">Republic of Mali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – After an unsuccessful search of the "lost colony" of Roanoke, English officer John White and the surviving crew of the ships Hopewell and Moonlight return to England on <a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stick-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> (12th waning of Tazaungmon 952 ME) – Burmese King <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Bayin" title="Nanda Bayin">Nanda Bayin</a> sends a his son, the Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mingyi_Swa" title="Mingyi Swa">Mingyi Swa</a> and 20,000 troops to what is now <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yazawin-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – A truce is signed between representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (ruled by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Rudolf II</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (ruled by <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Sultan Murad III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – Niccolò Sfondrato, Cardinal-priest of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cecilia_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Cecilia in Trastevere">Santa Cecilia in Trastevere</a>, is elected as the new pope and takes the name <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Pope Gregory XIV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Sfondrato is selected as a compromise candidate after <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Paleotti" title="Gabriele Paleotti">Gabriele Paleotti</a> falls 3 votes short of being elected. <a href="#cite_note-VaticanHistory-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/North_Berwick_witch_trials" title="North Berwick witch trials">North Berwick witch trials</a>: <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Sampson" title="Agnes Sampson">Agnes Sampson</a> is questioned by King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a>, and confesses to practising <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a>. She will be executed on January 28. <a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1590&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Meletius_I_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Meletius I of Alexandria">Meletius I of Alexandria</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Silvester_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch Silvester of Alexandria">Silvester</a>.</li> <li>The Spanish are pushed out of southern <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a> by the Dutch forces.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1591">1591</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1591&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1591&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_2"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1591&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – Scottish schoolmaster <a href="/wiki/John_Fian" title="John Fian">John Fian</a> becomes the first person to be executed after the <a href="/wiki/North_Berwick_witch_trials" title="North Berwick witch trials">North Berwick witch trials</a>, following his conviction for the crime of witchcraft. Fian is taken to the Castlehill outside of Edinburgh and strangled after which his body is burned. <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Sampson" title="Agnes Sampson">Agnes Sampson</a> is <a href="/wiki/Garotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Garotte">garroted</a> the next day at Castehill and then burned.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Pope Gregory XIV</a>, who had succeeded <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VII" title="Pope Urban VII">Pope Urban VII</a> in December, appoints Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Marco_Antonio_Colonna" title="Marco Antonio Colonna">Marco Antonio Colonna</a> and six other cardinals to a commission to revise the <a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a> Latin translation of the Bible, published in 1590 under the editorship of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a>, to which the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> has taken exception. The revision of the revision, dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a>, will be completed in 1592 and be the official version used by the Catholic Church until 1979.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – Poet <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a> is granted an annual pension of 50 <a href="/wiki/Pounds_sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds sterling">pounds sterling</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth I of England</a> in recognition of his publication of <a href="/wiki/The_Faerie_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="The Faerie Queen">The Faerie Queen</a>. The pension is paid in quarterly installments of 12s. 10d. on March 25, June 24, September 29 and December 25.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Pope Gregory XIV</a> <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunicates</a> King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> and orders the clergy, nobles, judicial functionaries and the Third Estate of France to renounce the nation's king.<a href="#cite_note-Ott-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tondibi" title="Battle of Tondibi">Battle of Tondibi</a>: In <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, forces sent by the <a href="/wiki/Saadi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi dynasty">Saadi dynasty</a> ruler of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Mansur" title="Ahmad al-Mansur">Ahmad al-Mansur</a>, and led by <a href="/wiki/Judar_Pasha" title="Judar Pasha">Judar Pasha</a>, defeat the <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a>, despite being outnumbered by at least five to one.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – Pope Gregory XIV issues the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> Cogit nos, prohibiting the placing of bets on the outcome of papal elections, the length of time that a pope will reign, or who will be appointed as a cardinal.<a href="#cite_note-Ott-25">[25]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_2"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1591&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> <ul><li>The emancipation of Filipino slaves in the Spanish Philippines along with reparations to former slaves, with the threat of excommunication of any Spanish slaveholder who refuses to comply, is ordered by Pope Gregory XIV in the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> Cum Sicuti.<a href="#cite_note-Ott-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> merchant <a href="/wiki/James_Lancaster" title="James Lancaster">James Lancaster</a> sets off on a voyage to the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-27">[27]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – Japanese <a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">tea-master</a> <a href="/wiki/Sen_no_Riky%C5%AB" title="Sen no Rikyū">Sen no Rikyū</a> commits <a href="/wiki/Seppuku" title="Seppuku">seppuku</a>, on the order of <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsarevich_Dmitry_Ivanovich_of_Russia_(born_1582)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (born 1582)">Tsarevich Dimitri</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a>, is found dead in mysterious circumstances, at the palace in <a href="/wiki/Uglich" title="Uglich">Uglich</a>. The official explanation is that he has cut his own throat during an epileptic seizure. Many believe he has been murdered by his rival, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov" title="Boris Godunov">Boris Godunov</a>, who becomes tsar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Norris_(soldier)" title="John Norris (soldier)">John Norreys</a>, with an expeditionary force sent by Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>, takes the town of <a href="/wiki/Guingamp" title="Guingamp">Guingamp</a> in Brittany after a brief siege, on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry of Navarre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> is captured by an expedition of <a href="/wiki/Arma_people" title="Arma people">Arma people</a> sent by the <a href="/wiki/Saadi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi dynasty">Saadi</a> ruler of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and led by <a href="/wiki/Judar_Pasha" title="Judar Pasha">Judar Pasha</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutphen" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a> is <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zutphen_(1591)" title="Siege of Zutphen (1591)">captured</a> by the Dutch and English, under <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau">Maurice of Nassau</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deventer" title="Deventer">Deventer</a> is <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deventer_(1591)" title="Siege of Deventer (1591)">captured</a> by the Dutch, under Maurice of Nassau.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delfzijl" title="Capture of Delfzijl">siege of the Spanish Netherlands city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Delfzijl" title="Delfzijl">Delfzijl</a> is started by <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Maurice, Prince of Orange</a>, stadtholder of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>, who leads a Dutch and English Army against the Spanish defenders. Delfzijl falls after six days, and is surrendered on July 2.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_2"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1591&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – A Crimean army, led by the Tatar Khan <a href="/wiki/%C4%9Eaz%C4%B1_II_Giray" title="Ğazı II Giray">Ğazı II Giray</a>, begins a siege of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Berlengas_(1591)" title="Battle of the Berlengas (1591)">Battle of the Berlengas</a> takes place off of the coast of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> as the <a href="/wiki/George_Clifford,_3rd_Earl_of_Cumberland" title="George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland">Earl of Cumberland</a>'s five English <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a> are surprised by five Spanish galleys commanded by General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Coloma" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Coloma">Francisco Coloma</a>, commander of the Armada de Guarda Costa. Cumberland's ship, the Golden Noble, is captured.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> (6 Shawal 999 AH) – In India, the four-day <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhuchar_Mori" title="Battle of Bhuchar Mori">Battle of Bhuchar Mori</a> ends in the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> state, as General <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Aziz_Koka" title="Mirza Aziz Koka">Mirza Aziz Koka</a> leads the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> gains a decisive victory over <a href="/wiki/Nawanagar_State" title="Nawanagar State">Nawanagar</a>, led by the Sultan <a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_Shah_III" title="Muzaffar Shah III">Muzaffar Shah III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/R._Durtnell_%26_Sons" title="R. Durtnell & Sons">Durtnell</a> (Dartnell) family of <a href="/wiki/Brasted" title="Brasted">Brasted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, England, begin to work as building contractors. The business continues under thirteen generations of the family until ceasing to trade in <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knodsenburg" title="Siege of Knodsenburg">Siege of Knodsenburg</a>: Dutch Republic staatholder <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau">Maurice of Nassau</a> and English General <a href="/wiki/Francis_Vere" title="Francis Vere">Francis Vere</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma_and_Piacenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza">Duke of Parma</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a> after a four-day siege.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Ferhad_Pasha" title="Serdar Ferhad Pasha">Serdar Ferhad Pasha</a> is appointed the new <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire</a> by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Koca_Sinan_Pasha" title="Koca Sinan Pasha">Koca Sinan Pasha</a> following a revolt of the <a href="/wiki/Janissaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Janissaries">Janissaries</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – The Khan of the Crimean Tatara, <a href="/wiki/%C4%9Eaz%C4%B1_II_Giray" title="Ğazı II Giray">Ğazı II Giray</a>, is wounded by the defenders against his siege of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. Gazi's brother, <a href="/wiki/Fetih_I_Giray" title="Fetih I Giray">Fetih I Giray</a>, continues the siege, which is finally settled with a peace agreement and payment of 10,000 rubles in 1594.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Lame" title="Peter the Lame">Peter the Lame</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Moldavia">Principality of Moldavia</a> (part of modern-day Romania and of Moldova) abdicates in <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a> after having reigned for most of the previous 17 years. Peter's downfall comes after he is unable to raise the money paid as tribute to the Ottoman Empire. He is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Aaron_the_Tyrant" title="Aaron the Tyrant">Aaron the Tyrant</a> (Aron Vodă).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flores_(1591)" title="Battle of Flores (1591)">Battle of Flores</a> begins off <a href="/wiki/Flores_Island_(Azores)" title="Flores Island (Azores)">Flores Island (Azores)</a>. By September 1, the Spanish fleet is victorious over the English and captures the <a href="/wiki/English_ship_Revenge_(1577)" title="English ship Revenge (1577)">English ship Revenge</a>, fatally wounding <a href="/wiki/Richard_Grenville" title="Richard Grenville">Richard Grenville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Colledge-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Kunohe_rebellion" title="Kunohe rebellion">Kunohe rebellion</a>, which was started by Kunohe Masazane on March 13 on northern Honshu island in Japan's <a href="/wiki/Mutsu_Province" title="Mutsu Province">Mutsu Province</a> (in the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Iwate_Prefecture" title="Iwate Prefecture">Iwate Prefecture</a>), is suppressed by the samurai <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, Chancellor of the Realm. The victory completes the unification of Japan.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – A storm near the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> in the North Atlantic begins, sinking a large number of the Spanish ships, including the recently-captured HMS Revenge.<a href="#cite_note-Colledge-32">[32]</a> During August and September, at least eight intense hurricanes occur in the most severe of the <a href="/wiki/Pre-1600_Atlantic_hurricane_seasons" title="Pre-1600 Atlantic hurricane seasons">pre-1600 seasons</a> on record.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1591)" title="Siege of Hulst (1591)">Siege of Hulst</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hulst" title="Hulst">Hulst</a> is captured by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Orange">Maurice of Orange</a>, the staatholder of the Dutch Republic.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_2"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1591&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Separation_Edict" title="Separation Edict">Separation Edict</a>, a law imposing an immobile social class structure in Japan, is promulgated by <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Pope Gregory XIV</a> dies from an attack of gallstones and leaves the Papacy of the Roman Catholic Church vacant for the third time in 14 months. The Pope, formerly Cardinal Niccolò Sfondrati, had served for only 10 months after being elected on December 5, 1590.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – The Islamic calendar year 1000 A.H. begins with the first day of the month of <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a>, with concerns that the new year will herald the end of the world. When the year ends on October 7, 1592, without an apocalypse, the official interpretation among Ottoman Muslims is that the Ottoman Empire "had come closer to perfection than any other Muslim state.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nijmegen_(1591)" title="Siege of Nijmegen (1591)">The city of Nijmegen is captured</a> from Spanish occupiers by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Orange">Maurice of Orange</a>, the staatholder of the Dutch Republic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_invasion_of_Jaffna_kingdom_(1591)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese invasion of Jaffna kingdom (1591)">Portuguese invasion of the Jaffna Kingdom</a> begins on the north side of the island of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/1591_papal_conclave" title="1591 papal conclave">Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti is elected</a> on the third ballot to succeed the late <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Pope Gregory XIV</a>, after Cardinal Ludovico Madruzzo withdraws his candidacy.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> and takes the name <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IX" title="Pope Innocent IX">Pope Innocent IX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Grove1997-36">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – The coronation of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IX" title="Pope Innocent IX">Pope Innocent IX</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> as Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Margrave_Andrew_of_Burgau" title="Margrave Andrew of Burgau">Andreas von Österreich</a> places the crown on the head of Giovanni Facchinetti.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War" title="Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War">Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War</a>: The Ottoman Empire successfully captures the Croatian rebel fort of Ripač.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> begins the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rouen_(1591%E2%80%931592)" title="Siege of Rouen (1591–1592)">siege of Rouen</a>, the Spanish-held capital of <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The Spanish Navy arrives after five months and King Henry abandons the siege on April 20.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Agostino_Giustiniani_Campi" title="Giovanni Agostino Giustiniani Campi">Giovanni Giustiniani Campi</a> is elected as the new <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">Doge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> after a 12-day search for a successor to <a href="/wiki/Battista_Negrone" title="Battista Negrone">Battista Negrone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – Four Roman Catholic priests and three laymen are <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_martyrs_of_the_English_Reformation" title="List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation">executed in England in a campaign against the Roman Catholic Church</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – Pope Innocent IX begins a tour of the seven pilgrimage churches around Rome, despite being unwell, and his illness worsens. He dies 12 days later.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Stewart,_5th_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell">Francis Stewart, Earl of Bothwell</a> leads the <a href="/wiki/Raid_of_Holyrood" title="Raid of Holyrood">attack on the Holyrood Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>. Having been alerted by a premature attack on the palace's prison, <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James VI of Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Queen Anne</a> are able to take refuge within the castle, and the raid fails. Seven of Bothwell's men are subsequently captured and hanged.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IX" title="Pope Innocent IX">Pope Innocent IX</a> dies only two months after having been elected as the Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, leaving the Papacy vacant for the 4th time in 16 months.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_2"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1591&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad, India</a>, is founded by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Quli_Qutb_Shah" title="Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah">Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Rialto_Bridge" title="Rialto Bridge">Rialto Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Ponte" title="Antonio da Ponte">Antonio da Ponte</a>, is completed.</li> <li>The first of the <a href="/wiki/Conimbricenses" title="Conimbricenses">Conimbricenses</a> commentaries on <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a>, is published.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Cambodian_War_(1591%E2%80%931594)" title="Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)">Siamese-Cambodian War</a> begins.</li> <li>The defeated <a href="/wiki/Askia_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Askia dynasty">Askia dynasty</a> move to the <a href="/wiki/Dendi_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendi Kingdom">Dendi province</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1592">1592</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1592&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1592&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_3"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1592&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Ippolito Aldobrandini</a> of <a href="/wiki/San_Pancrazio" title="San Pancrazio">San Pancrazio</a> is <a href="/wiki/1592_papal_conclave" title="1592 papal conclave">elected as the new Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church</a> after <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Madruzzo" title="Ludovico Madruzzo">Ludovico Madruzzo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Antonio_Santori" class="mw-redirect" title="Giulio Antonio Santori">Giulio Antonio Santori</a> withdraw following 19 rounds of voting by the 54 cardinals present. Cardinal Santori had received 28 votes on the first ballot, eight short of the necessary two-thirds majority required, and fewer on the rounds that followed. Aldobrandini is crowned the next day as <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Pope Clement VIII</a>, the 231st pope. Clement succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IX" title="Pope Innocent IX">Pope Innocent IX</a>, who died on December 30, 1591. <a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> He immediately recalls the <a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon,_1st_Marquess_of_Huntly" title="George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly">George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly</a>, sets fire to <a href="/wiki/Donibristle" title="Donibristle">Donibristle</a> Castle in Scotland and murders <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart,_2nd_Earl_of_Moray" title="James Stewart, 2nd Earl of Moray">James Stewart, 2nd Earl of Moray</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a>, Ireland's oldest university, is founded.<a href="#cite_note-Donnelly2004-43">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – Ultimate <a href="/wiki/Pi_Day" title="Pi Day">Pi Day</a>: the largest correspondence between calendar dates and significant digits of <a href="/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">pi</a> since the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> according to the American method of writing the number of the month prior to the day.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_3"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1592&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – The future <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a>, King designate of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a>, announces in a declaration, so-called "Expedient," his intention to take instruction in, and convert to, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic religion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%9398)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)">Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)</a> begin with the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Busanjin" title="Siege of Busanjin">Siege of Busanjin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> ends the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rouen_(1591%E2%80%931592)" title="Siege of Rouen (1591–1592)">siege of Rouen</a>, the Spanish-held capital of <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, five months after its November 11 commencement, as the Spanish Navy arrives to relieve the city. <a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sangju_(1592)" title="Battle of Sangju (1592)">Battle of Sangju</a>: The Japanese are victorious over the Koreans fighting for the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%27ungju" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ch'ungju">Battle of Ch'ungju</a>: Japan inflicts a decisive defeat on Korea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/1592%E2%80%931593_Malta_plague_epidemic" title="1592–1593 Malta plague epidemic">Malta plague epidemic</a> begins when galleys from the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a> arrive on the island with 100 prisoners of war from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, and 20 ill crewmembers; over the next 18 months, 3,000 people on Malta die of the bubonic plague. <a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okpo" title="Battle of Okpo">Battle of Okpo</a>: The Korean navy is victorious over Japan.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> –<a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flores_(1592)" title="Battle of Flores (1592)">Battle of Flores</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a>), a series of naval engagements in the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> in which the English are victorious, taking the great Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Carrack" title="Carrack">carrack</a> <a href="/wiki/Madre_de_Deus" title="Madre de Deus">Madre de Deus</a> on or about August 3.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sacheon_(1592)" title="Battle of Sacheon (1592)">Battle of Sacheon</a>: Korean admiral <a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a> destroys all 13 Japanese ships taking part, using his improved <a href="/wiki/Turtle_ship" title="Turtle ship">turtle ship</a> for the first time in battle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dangpo" title="Battle of Dangpo">Battle of Dangpo</a>:The Korean navy is again victorious over Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1592)" title="Siege of Bihać (1592)">Siege of Bihać</a> begins in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Kingdom of Croatia</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Telli_Hasan_Pasha" title="Telli Hasan Pasha">Telli Hasan Pasha</a> (Hasan Predojević) of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. Bihać is captured on June 19 and is lost for Croatia forever.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_3"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1592&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – The Japanese <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%9398)#Capture_of_Hanyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)">capture the Korean capital</a> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Hanyang</a>, causing <a href="/wiki/Seonjo_of_Joseon" title="Seonjo of Joseon">Seonjo</a> to request the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> Chinese forces, who recapture the city a year later.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Sotomayor" title="Alonso de Sotomayor">Alonso de Sotomayor</a> petitions the viceroy of <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> for more troops to help resist attacks by Indians and English pirates.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – <a href="/wiki/1592%E2%80%931593_London_plague" title="1592–1593 London plague">1592–1593 London plague</a> breaks out in England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – English explorer <a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(English_explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Davis (English explorer)">John Davis</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Desire_(ship)" title="Desire (ship)">Desire</a>, probably discovers the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hansan_Island" title="Battle of Hansan Island">Battle of Hansan Island</a>: The Korean navy defeats the Japanese.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull1996-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Busan_(1592)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Busan (1592)">Battle of Busan</a>: The Korean fleet makes a surprise attack on the Japanese but fails to break their supply lines to Busan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – The captured <a href="/wiki/Madre_de_Deus" title="Madre de Deus">Madre de Deus</a> enters Dartmouth harbour in England and is then subjected to mass theft.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_3"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1592&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jinju_(1592)" title="Siege of Jinju (1592)">Siege of Jinju</a>: The Korean navy is victorious over the Japanese.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a> is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – (2nd waxing of Natdaw, 954 ME) In a war between what are now the nations of Myanmar and Thailand, the Army of Burma, led by King <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Bayin" title="Nanda Bayin">Nanda Bayin</a> Burma (Toungoo) begins its invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Kingdom of Siam</a> (Ayutthaya), defended by King <a href="/wiki/Naresuan" title="Naresuan">Naresuan</a>. <a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a>, an updated edition of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin language</a> translation of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, is promulgated by the Roman Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Collegium_Melitense" title="Collegium Melitense">Collegium Melitense</a> is founded in Malta by Bishop Garagallo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">King of Sweden</a> upon the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">King John III</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ryu_Seong-ryong" title="Ryu Seong-ryong">Ryu Seong-ryong</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Yeonguijeong" title="Yeonguijeong">Yeonguijeong</a> (Chief State Councillor of the government of the Korean Empire, similar to Prime Minister) and serves until 1598.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> begins publishing the Bill of Mortality, the first regular data of deaths from an epidemic, as the government reports its weekly survey of the number of burials in the 113 parishes of London of deaths from <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a>. The death statistics continue to be published until December 18, 1595. <a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_3"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1592&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley</a>, chief adviser of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>, is taken seriously ill.</li> <li>Negotiations begin for the annulment of the childless marriage of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_of_Valois" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite of Valois">Marguerite of Valois</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucian</a> shrine of <a href="/wiki/Munmyo" title="Munmyo">Munmyo</a> in Korea is destroyed by fire.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Population_Census_Edict" title="Population Census Edict">Population Census Edict</a> is promulgated in Japan by <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hidetsugu" title="Toyotomi Hidetsugu">Toyotomi Hidetsugu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Constable" title="Henry Constable">Henry Constable</a>'s Diana, one of the first <a href="/wiki/Sonnet_sequence" title="Sonnet sequence">sonnet sequences</a> in English, is published in London.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1593">1593</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1593&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1593&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_4"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1593&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – Siamese King <a href="/wiki/Naresuan" title="Naresuan">Naresuan</a>, in combat on elephant back, kills Burmese Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mingyi_Swa" title="Mingyi Swa">Mingyi Swa</a> on Monday, Moon 2 Waning day 2, Year of the Dragon, <a href="/wiki/Chulasakarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chulasakarat">Chulasakarat</a> 954, reckoned as corresponding to <a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a>, 1593, of the Gregorian calendar, and commemorated as <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Thailand#Other_national_observances" title="Public holidays in Thailand">Royal Thai Armed Forces Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a> opens the seven-year trial of scholar <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – Battle of Piątek: Polish forces led by <a href="/wiki/Janusz_Ostrogski" title="Janusz Ostrogski">Janusz Ostrogski</a> are victorious.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pyongyang_(1593)" title="Siege of Pyongyang (1593)">Siege of Pyongyang (1593)</a>: A Japanese invasion is defeated in Pyongyang by a combined force of Korean and Ming troops.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haengju" title="Battle of Haengju">Battle of Haengju</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Korea</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> (February 25 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">Old Style</a>) – The <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Synod" title="Uppsala Synod">Uppsala Synod</a> discontinues; the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Struggle">Liturgical Struggle</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Reformation">Swedish Reformation</a> and Counter-Reformation ends in Sweden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Pi_Day" title="Pi Day">Pi Day</a>, giving the most digits of <a href="/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">pi</a> when written in mm/dd/yyyy format, (i.e. 3.141593, 3/14/1593) occurs, as realized later. During 1593 Flemish mathematician <a href="/wiki/Adriaan_van_Roomen" title="Adriaan van Roomen">Adriaan van Roomen</a> is working on the most accurate calculation of pi up to that time and arrives at 16 decimal places of pi using the <a href="/wiki/Pi#Polygon_approximation_era" title="Pi">polygon approximation method</a>), and publishes it in his treatise Ideae mathematicae pars prima (Antverpiae, 1593).<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_4"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1593&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – The English Parliament enacts a law for the first military disability pension in British history, titled "An Acte for relief of Soudiours". The Act states that "forasmuch as it is agreeable with Christian Charity Policy and the Honour of our Nation, that such as have since the 25th day of March 1588, adventured their lives and lost their limbs or disabled their bodies, or shall hereafter adventure the lives, lose their limbs or disable their bodies, in defence and service of Her Majesty and the State, should at their return be relieved and rewarded to the end that they may reap the fruit of their good deservings, and others may be encouraged to perform like endeavors..."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War</a>: Naval <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaye" title="Battle of Blaye">Battle of Blaye</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gironde_estuary" title="Gironde estuary">Gironde estuary</a> sees a Spanish victory over the blockading English fleet, allowing the Spanish to relieve the French Catholic garrison of <a href="/wiki/Blaye" title="Blaye">Blaye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li>After April – <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s poem <a href="/wiki/Venus_and_Adonis_(Shakespeare_poem)" title="Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare poem)">Venus and Adonis</a> probably becomes his first published work, printed in London from his own manuscript. In his lifetime it will be his most frequently reprinted work: at least nine times.<a href="#cite_note-cocel-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – "Dutch church libel" bills posted in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> threaten Protestant refugees from France and the Netherlands, alluding to <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>'s plays.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – English dramatist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kyd" title="Thomas Kyd">Thomas Kyd</a> is arrested over the "Dutch church libel". "<a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">Atheist</a>" literature found in his home is claimed to be Marlowe's.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – A warrant for the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a> is issued. On <a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> he presents himself to the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council">Privy Council</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a> is stabbed to death in a dispute over a bill at a lodging house in <a href="/wiki/Deptford" title="Deptford">Deptford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – Battle of <a href="/wiki/Salbertrand" title="Salbertrand">Salbertrand</a> in Piedmont: Victory of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Bonne,_Duke_of_Lesdigui%C3%A8res" title="François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières">François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières</a>, over the Spanish of Rodrigue Alvarez of Toledo, allies of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sisak" title="Battle of Sisak">Battle of Sisak</a> in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_4"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1593&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – As he promised in January, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> abjures <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Basilica of Saint-Denis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Le_Roux-62">[62]</a> Legend attributes to him the saying Paris vaut bien une messe ("Paris is well worth a mass").<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Long_War_(Ottoman_wars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long War (Ottoman wars)">Long War</a> breaks out in Hungary between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – Poland's council of nobles, the Sejm, grants permission to King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a> and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland">Queen consort Anne</a>, to travel to Sweden to claim the Swedish crown.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – After losing the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sisak" title="Battle of Sisak">Battle of Sisak</a> two months earlier, the Ottoman Empire attacks the Austrian fortress guarding the city and breaks through its walls with cannon fire, forcing its surrender on August 30.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – With no fortress or troops to defend Croatia, Ottoman General Mehmed Pasha captures the city of <a href="/wiki/Sisak" title="Sisak">Sisak</a>. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî (Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_4"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1593&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belleek" title="Battle of Belleek">Battle of Belleek</a> takes place at <a href="/wiki/County_Fermanagh" title="County Fermanagh">County Fermanagh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> as an English expeditionary force led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bagenal" title="Henry Bagenal">Henry Bagenal</a> defeats Irish troops commanded by the <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Maguire_(Lord_of_Fermanagh)" title="Hugh Maguire (Lord of Fermanagh)">Lord of Fermanagh</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – Supposed date of the event described in the <a href="/wiki/1593_transported_soldier_legend" title="1593 transported soldier legend">1593 transported soldier legend</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1593)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1593)">Siege of Coevorden</a> begins as the Spanish Army attempts to retake a fortress captured a year earlier by the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of England.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Grimaldi_Ceb%C3%A0" title="Antonio Grimaldi Cebà">Antonio Grimaldi Cebà</a> begins a two-year term as the new <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">Doge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Agostino_Giustiniani_Campi" title="Giovanni Agostino Giustiniani Campi">Giovanni Giustiniani Campi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dryfe_Sands" title="Battle of Dryfe Sands">Battle of Dryfe Sands</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> at <a href="/wiki/Annandale,_Dumfries_and_Galloway" title="Annandale, Dumfries and Galloway">Annandale</a>, between rival <a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">clans</a> as <a href="/wiki/John_Maxwell,_8th_Lord_Maxwell" title="John Maxwell, 8th Lord Maxwell">John Maxwell</a> leads <a href="/wiki/Clan_Maxwell" title="Clan Maxwell">Clan Maxwell</a>, aided by <a href="/wiki/Clan_Grierson" title="Clan Grierson">Clan Grierson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clan_Pollock" title="Clan Pollock">Clan Pollock</a>, in an invasion of the lands of <a href="/wiki/Clan_Johnstone" title="Clan Johnstone">Clan Johnstone</a>, led by Sir James Johnstone. With their defense aided by <a href="/wiki/Clan_Scott" title="Clan Scott">Clan Scott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clan_Graham" title="Clan Graham">Clan Graham</a>, the Johnstone clan wins the battle, but only 160 of the 600 defenders survive the fight.<a href="#cite_note-Hewinson-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – Spanish Jesuit priest <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_C%C3%A9spedes" title="Gregorio Céspedes">Gregorio Céspedes</a> becomes the first Christian missionary to Korea, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a> to begin his ministry in the Buddhist kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a>. Céspedes is able to enter Korea by coming with the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Japanese invasion force</a> of General <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_4"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1593&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Viteazul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihai Viteazul">Mihai Viteazul</a> becomes prince of <a href="/wiki/Walachia" class="mw-redirect" title="Walachia">Walachia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Disputationes_de_Controversiis" title="Disputationes de Controversiis">Disputationes de Controversiis Christianae Fidei adversus hujus temporis Haereticos</a> concludes publication in <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Constable" title="Henry Constable">Henry Constable</a>'s Spirituall Sonnettes are written.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>The parish of <a href="/wiki/Laukaa" title="Laukaa">Laukaa</a> was founded.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Khwaja Usman takes shelter in <a href="/wiki/Goyghor_Mosque" title="Goyghor Mosque">Goyghor Mosque</a> after the Afghan rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Subahdar" title="Subahdar">Subahdar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Mughal Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man_Singh_I" title="Man Singh I">Man Singh I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>Irish pirate queen <a href="/wiki/Grace_O%27Malley" title="Grace O'Malley">Grace O'Malley</a> meets with Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a> at <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>c. 1593–<a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a> – According to <a href="/wiki/John_Warwick_Montgomery" title="John Warwick Montgomery">John Warwick Montgomery</a>, the Rosicrucian manifestos are initially composed by <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Hess" title="Tobias Hess">Tobias Hess</a>, in anticipation of the opening of the vault in <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/Simon_Studion" title="Simon Studion">Simon Studion</a>'s apocalyptic timetable.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1594">1594</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1594&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1594&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_5"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1594&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Longvek" title="Longvek">Longvek</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Post-Angkor_period" title="Post-Angkor period">Kingdom of Cambodia</a>, is conquered by the army of the <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a> (now Thailand), commanded by <a href="/wiki/Naresuan" title="Naresuan">King Naresuan</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Cambodian_War_(1591%E2%80%931594)" title="Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)">more than two years of war</a>. King <a href="/wiki/Chey_Chettha_I" title="Chey Chettha I">Chey Chettha I</a> of Cambodia is able to flee to <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, along with the former King <a href="/wiki/Satha_I" title="Satha I">Satha I</a>, but the rest of the royal family is taken hostage, along with Prince <a href="/wiki/Srei_Soriyopear" title="Srei Soriyopear">Srei Soriyopear</a>. <a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Junagarh_Fort" title="Junagarh Fort">Junagarh Fort</a> in the Mughal Empire's <a href="/wiki/Bikaner_State" title="Bikaner State">principality of Bikaner</a> (now in India's <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> state) is completed after almost five years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – William Shakespeare's play <a href="/wiki/Titus_Andronicus" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a>, is given its first performance, presented by the <a href="/wiki/Admiral%27s_Men" title="Admiral's Men">Admiral's Men</a> company of players at <a href="/wiki/The_Rose_(theatre)" title="The Rose (theatre)">The Rose</a> in London. <a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Enniskillen_(1594)" title="Siege of Enniskillen (1594)">siege of Enniskillen Castle</a> in Ireland (at <a href="/wiki/County_Fermanagh" title="County Fermanagh">County Fermanagh</a>) is started by English commander John Dowdall, but is abandoned after one month.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – England's Admiral <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hawkins" title="Richard Hawkins">Richard Hawkins</a> and the crew of the ship HMS Dainty become the first Europeans to see the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – The coronation of <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a> as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">King of Sweden</a> takes place at <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – The coronation of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a> as King of France takes place at <a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Chartres Cathedral</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – Two warships of the English Navy, commanded by Captain James Langton, complete a three-day raid on the Spanish city of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Puerto Cortés">Puerto de Caballos</a> (now Puerto Cortés in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>) and pillage the city.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_5"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1594&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_of_Poland" title="Hyacinth of Poland">Hyacinth of Poland</a> is canonized by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Pope Clement VIII</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27 </a> – After suppressing the Serbian <a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Banat" title="Uprising in Banat">uprising in Banat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> rulers carry out <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Saint_Sava%27s_relics" title="Burning of Saint Sava's relics">the public burning of the bones</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sava" title="Saint Sava">Saint Sava</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>. <a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1593)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1593)">siege of the Spanish-held city of Coevorden</a> ends after six months as the city surrenders to the Dutch Republic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – After almost two years of being closed because of <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a>, theaters in England are allowed to reopen, as the <a href="/wiki/Admiral%27s_Men" title="Admiral's Men">Admiral's Men</a> stage a performance of <a href="/wiki/The_Jew_of_Malta" title="The Jew of Malta">The Jew of Malta</a>. <a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groningen_(1594)" title="Siege of Groningen (1594)">Siege of Groningen</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> begins with an attack of 10,000 soldiers against the Spanish-held city. The Spanish commander surrenders after two months on July 22.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willem_Barents" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem Barents">Willem Barents</a> makes his first voyage to the Arctic Ocean, in search of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Passage" title="Northeast Passage">Northeast Passage</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paves the way for the stabilization of the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Principal%C3%ADa" title="Principalía">Principalía</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – A cargo ship explosion <a href="/wiki/Action_of_Faial" title="Action of Faial">kills over 700 people</a> the day after three English Navy ships— the Mayflower, Sampson and Royal Exchange— set fire to the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Carrack" title="Carrack">carrack</a> <a href="/wiki/Cinco_Chagas" title="Cinco Chagas">Cinco Chagas</a> off of the coast of <a href="/wiki/Faial_Island" title="Faial Island">Faial Island</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War</a>. The treasure inside, gathered from the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>, sinks in the north Atlantic Ocean. Only 13 people on the Cinco Chagas survive, and the cargo is lost. <a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_5"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1594&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – Anglo-Spanish War: <a href="/wiki/Action_of_Atacames_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Action of Atacames Bay">Action of Atacames Bay</a> – English <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hawkins" title="Richard Hawkins">Richard Hawkins</a> in the <a href="/wiki/English_ship_Dainty_(1588)" title="English ship Dainty (1588)">Dainty</a> is attacked and captured by a Spanish squadron off <a href="/wiki/Esmeraldas,_Ecuador" title="Esmeraldas, Ecuador">Esmeraldas</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>). <a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Cambodian_War_(1591%E2%80%931594)" title="Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)">Ayutthayan–Cambodian War (1591–1594)</a> concludes when <a href="/wiki/Naresuan" title="Naresuan">Naresuan</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a>, sacks <a href="/wiki/Longvek" title="Longvek">Longvek</a>, capital of <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – After a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groningen_(1594)" title="Siege of Groningen (1594)">two-month siege</a>, the city of <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a> submits to Dutch troops, bringing the whole northern Netherlands under the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/San_Luis,_Argentina" title="San Luis, Argentina">San Luis</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>), is founded by Luis Jufré de Loaysa y Meneses.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Farkas_Kovacs%C3%B3czy" title="Farkas Kovacsóczy">Farkas Kovacsóczy</a>, who has served as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Transylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Transylvania">Chancellor of Transylvania</a> for 16 years, is arrested on orders of Prince <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_B%C3%A1thory" title="Sigismund Báthory">Sigismund Báthory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_J%C3%B3sika" title="István Jósika">István Jósika</a> is appointed in his place. Kovacsóczy is imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Gherla" title="Gherla">Szamosújvár</a> (now Gherla in Romania) and executed by strangulation on September 11. <a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – Diplomats meet at <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Castle" title="Stirling Castle">Stirling Castle</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Masque_at_the_baptism_of_Prince_Henry" title="Masque at the baptism of Prince Henry">Masque at the baptism of Prince Henry</a>, heir to the throne of Scotland. <a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – In France, <a href="/wiki/Morlaix" title="Morlaix">Morlaix</a>, a walled city in Brittany controlled by the Spanish Army and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(French)" title="Catholic League (French)">Ligue catholique</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Morlaix_(1594)" title="Siege of Morlaix (1594)">besieged by the French Royal Army</a> led by Marshal <a href="/wiki/Jean_VI_d%27Aumont" title="Jean VI d'Aumont">Jean VI d'Aumont</a>. <a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The French Army is supplemented by 2,000 troops commanded by <a href="/wiki/John_Norris_(soldier)" title="John Norris (soldier)">John Norreys</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – A fleet of six ships, commanded by the <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a>, arrives at Morlaix and prepares to bombard the city, under siege by the French Army. The Spanish Army commander of the Morlaix garrison surrenders, rather than facing the city's destruction. <a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_5"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1594&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Crozon" title="Siege of Fort Crozon">siege of Fort Crozon</a> begins as an English and French army attacks the Spanish held fortress at the <a href="/wiki/Pointe_des_Espagnols" title="Pointe des Espagnols">Pointe des Espagnols</a> in France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glenlivet" title="Battle of Glenlivet">Battle of Glenlivet</a> is fought in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> between the Protestant forces loyal to <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James VI</a>, assisted by the armies of 8 clans and led by the <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_7th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll">Earl of Argyll</a>, against Roman Catholic rebels supported by <a href="/wiki/Clan_Gordon" title="Clan Gordon">Clan Gordon</a> (led by the Earl of Huntley), <a href="/wiki/Clan_Hay" title="Clan Hay">Clan Hay</a> (led by the Earl of Errol), <a href="/wiki/Clan_Cumming" title="Clan Cumming">Clan Comyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clan_Cameron" title="Clan Cameron">Clan Cameron</a>. Despite being outnumbered 5 to 1, the Catholic clans win the battle, killing 500 of the Protestant forces. <a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_Danture" title="Campaign of Danture">Campaign of Danture</a>, which began on July 5 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinhalese–Portuguese War">Sinhalese–Portuguese War</a>, concludes with a decisive victory by forces of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kandy" title="Kingdom of Kandy">Kingdom of Kandy</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a>, reversing near-total control of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> by Portugal. <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Lopes_de_Sousa" title="Pedro Lopes de Sousa">Pedro Lopes de Sousa</a>, the Governor of Portuguese Ceylon, is killed in the battle and replaced on December 24 by Jerónimo de Azevedo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – After the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Wallachia" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Wallachia">Principality of Wallachia</a> (now in Romania) joins other Eastern European nations in a Holy League, a rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> as Christian residents massacre the soldiers of the Ottoman Muslim garrison, entering Wallachia into the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Long_Turkish_War" title="Long Turkish War">Thirteen Years' War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – The Spanish fortress at <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Brest" title="Château de Brest">Château de Brest</a> in France falls after a siege of five months.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Crozon" title="Siege of Fort Crozon">siege of Fort Crozon</a> by English and French soldiers ends with a massacre of all but 13 of the nearly 400 Spaniards living there, including women and children. <a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – The proposal for the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Brest" title="Union of Brest">Union of Brest</a> (moving the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Kiev,_Galicia_and_all_Rus%27_(1441%E2%80%931596)" title="Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1441–1596)">Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">ecclesiastical jurisdiction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>) is made in a petition by the Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rohoza" title="Michael Rohoza">Michael Rohoza</a> in a petition to <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund</a>, monarch of Poland, Lithuania, Sweden and Finland.<a href="#cite_note-Herbermann-84">[84]</a> After a similar petition to Pope Clement VIII on June 12, 1595, the Union will be proclaimed on October 8, 1596. <a href="#cite_note-Herbermann-84">[84]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Udai Singh of Marwar">King Udai Singh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Marwar" title="Kingdom of Marwar">Marwar</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> states of India and the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (province)">Punjab province</a> of Pakistan) returns to <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> after having captured the <a href="/wiki/Siwana" title="Siwana">Siwana</a> fort. <a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – French university student <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ch%C3%A2tel" title="Jean Châtel">Jean Châtel</a> attempts to assassinate <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> after gaining entrance into the King's office. Châtel attacks the monarch with a knife and causes a minor injury. After the court jester, <a href="/wiki/Mathurine_de_Vallois" title="Mathurine de Vallois">Mathurine de Vallois</a> intervenes, she detains Châtel until the King's bodyguard can carry out the arrest. Two days later, is executed by dismemberment. The <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Louis-le-Grand" title="Lycée Louis-le-Grand">Collège de Clermont</a>, the Jesuit institution where Châtel was a student, is closed and the order of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> is temporarily banned. <a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – The earliest known performance of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/The_Comedy_of_Errors" title="The Comedy of Errors">The Comedy of Errors</a> takes place at <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn" title="Gray's Inn">Gray's Inn</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, and is played by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Men" title="Lord Chamberlain's Men">Lord Chamberlain's Men</a> acting company. The production is held before members of the English court on Innocents' Day as part of the Gray's Inn Christmas festivities. <a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_5"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1594&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_College,_Macau" title="St. Paul's College, Macau">St. Paul's College</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>, being the first western style university in the far east.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_van_Verre" title="Compagnie van Verre">Compagnie van Verre</a> is created, with the goal of breaking the Portuguese monopoly on spice trade.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulip" title="Tulip">Tulip</a> bulbs planted by <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Clusius" title="Carolus Clusius">Carolus Clusius</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hortus_Botanicus_Leiden" title="Hortus Botanicus Leiden">Hortus Botanicus Leiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a>, flower for the first time.</li> <li>The city of Pompeii is rediscovered more than 1,500 years after its burial by <a href="/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79" class="mw-redirect" title="Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79">the eruption of Mount Vesuvius</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1595">1595</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1595&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1595&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_6"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1595&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a>, as <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Sultan of the Ottoman Empire</a> and begins a reign of almost nine years. Upon ascending the throne, Mehmed orders that all 19 of the other sons of Murad III are to be strangled to death. <a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – During the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> declares war on Spain, ordering <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Duke_of_Bouillon" title="Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon">Henry, Duke of Bouillon</a> to lead armies <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_campaigns" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxemburg campaigns">through Luxembourg for an attack</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> (now Belgium). <a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias of Habsburg</a> is appointed by his brother <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, to become the Archduke of <a href="/wiki/Further_Austria" title="Further Austria">die Vorlande</a>, the possessions of the Austrian Habsburgs in Southern Germany outside of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, also called Further Austria (Vorderösterreich). The appointment follows the death of their uncle, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a>. Matthias will later become Archduke of Austria (in 1608) and the Emperor in 1612.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Principality of Transylvania</a> (now encompassing most of Romania) joins the <a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1594)" title="Holy League (1594)">Holy League</a> alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a war against the Ottoman Empire, as <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bocskai" title="Stephen Bocskai">Stephen Bocskai</a> signs a treaty at <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> on behalf of Prince <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_B%C3%A1thory" title="Sigismund Báthory">Sigismund Báthory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a> of England departs from <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> to begin <a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_expedition" title="Raleigh's El Dorado expedition">an expedition to South America</a></li> <li>Despite a string of military victories over the Serbian rebels, <a href="/wiki/Koca_Sinan_Pasha" title="Koca Sinan Pasha">Koca Sinan Pasha</a> is dismissed as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire</a> by Sultan Mehmed III, and banished to <a href="/wiki/Malkara" title="Malkara">Malkara</a>. He is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Ferhad_Pasha" title="Serdar Ferhad Pasha">Serdar Ferhad Pasha</a>, whom he replaces on July 7.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – In northern Ireland, <a href="/wiki/Art_MacBaron_O%27Neill" title="Art MacBaron O'Neill">Art MacBaron O'Neill</a> successfully conducts the <a href="/wiki/Assault_on_the_Blackwater_Fort" title="Assault on the Blackwater Fort">assault on the Blackwater Fort</a>, an English military outpost located in <a href="/wiki/County_Armagh" title="County Armagh">County Armagh</a> and captures it. <a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">Archduke Ernest of Austria</a>, Governor-General of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a> (now Belgium), dies at the age of 41 and is temporarily replaced by his Spanish assistant, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Henriquez_de_Acevedo,_Count_of_Fuentes" title="Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes">Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – The Goa state archives are established at the city of <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> (now India's <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> state) by historian <a href="/wiki/Diogo_do_Couto" title="Diogo do Couto">Diogo do Couto</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – After a siege of 13 days, the French town of <a href="/wiki/Huy" title="Huy">Huy</a> (now in Belgium) is captured by the army of the Spanish Netherlands, as the General Charles de Héraugière surrenders to the Baron de la Motte. <a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thado_Dhamma_Yaza_III_of_Prome" title="Thado Dhamma Yaza III of Prome">Thado Dhamma Yaza III</a>, who has served since 1589 for the Kingdom of Pegu as the Burmese Viceroy of <a href="/wiki/Pyay" title="Pyay">Prome</a> (now in the <a href="/wiki/Bago_Region" title="Bago Region">Bago Region</a> of Myanmar), declares himself to be the King of Prome during the <a href="/wiki/Burmese%E2%80%93Siamese_War_(1593%E2%80%931600)" title="Burmese–Siamese War (1593–1600)">invasion by the Kingdom of Siam</a> and breaks relations with his father King <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Bayin" title="Nanda Bayin">Nanda Bayin</a> of Pegu.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_6"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1595&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> (March 29 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a>) – Combined <a href="/wiki/Taungoo_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Taungoo Dynasty">Taungoo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lan_Na" title="Lan Na">Lan Na</a> armies break the rebel <a href="/wiki/Thado_Dhamma_Yaza_III_of_Prome" title="Thado Dhamma Yaza III of Prome">Thado Dhamma Yaza</a>'s siege of <a href="/wiki/Taungoo" title="Taungoo">Taungoo</a>, in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a> travels up the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco" title="Orinoco">Orinoco</a> River, <a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition">in search of</a> the fabled city of <a href="/wiki/El_Dorado" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Teusina" title="Treaty of Teusina">Treaty of Teusina</a> brings to an end the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1590%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Swedish War (1590–95)">Russo-Swedish War (1590–95)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – The Nomenclator of <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Library" title="Leiden University Library">Leiden University Library</a> appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Somers" title="George Somers">George Somers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amyas_Preston" title="Amyas Preston">Amyas Preston</a> travel to aid Raleigh's El Dorado expedition but failing to meet him instead <a href="/wiki/Preston%E2%80%93Somers_expedition" title="Preston–Somers expedition">raid</a> the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Venezuela">Province of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fontaine-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Battle of Fontaine-Française">Battle of Fontaine-Française</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>, but is nearly killed due to his rashness.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_6"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1595&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – A Spanish expedition of four ships, led by <a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">navigator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">explorer</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neira" title="Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira">Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira</a>, makes the first <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> landing in <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a>. Despite an initially good reception with the natives, fighting begins and the Mendaña ships leave after two weeks. One of the ships, the Santa Ysabel, disappears during the voyage toward the Solomon Islands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – The Spanish raid <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBH-93">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calugareni" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Calugareni">Battle of Calugareni</a>: The Wallachians, led by <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Brave" title="Michael the Brave">Michael the Brave</a>, accomplish a great tactical victory against a vast army of Turks, led by <a href="/wiki/Sinan_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinan Pasha">Sinan Pasha</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Hawkins_(naval_commander)" title="John Hawkins (naval commander)">John Hawkins</a> depart from England, on their final voyage to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Main" title="Spanish Main">Spanish Main</a>, which ends in both of their deaths.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lippe" title="Battle of the Lippe">Battle of the Lippe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>): Spanish cavalry, led by <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Mondrag%C3%B3n" title="Cristóbal de Mondragón">Cristóbal de Mondragón</a> (aged over 80), defeat combined forces of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> and England led by <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Nassau" title="Philip of Nassau">Philip of Nassau</a> (who dies of wounds received), on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(river)" title="Lippe (river)">river Lippe</a> in Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – The first European colony in the <a href="/wiki/South_Seas" title="South Seas">South Seas</a> is established as Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Álvaro de Mendaña">Álvaro de Mendaña</a> claims <a href="/wiki/Nend%C3%B6_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Nendö Island">Nendö Island</a> (one of the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>) and claims it for Spain as the colony of Santa Cruz. Malaria, a mutiny of some of the Spanish soldiers, and a fight with the indigenous people kills 47 of the settlers, including Mendaña on October 18.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_6"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1595&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Giurgiu_(1595)" title="Battle of Giurgiu (1595)">Battle of Giurgiu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Brave" title="Michael the Brave">Michael the Brave</a>, led by Transylvanian Prince <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_B%C3%A1thory" title="Sigismund Báthory">Sigismund Báthory</a>, again defeats the Turkish army led by <a href="/wiki/Sinan_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinan Pasha">Sinan Pasha</a>, pushing them on the east side of the Danube.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – The surviving members of Spain's Mendaña expedition to Santa Cruz, including Mendaña's widow <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Barreto" title="Isabel Barreto">Isabel Barreto</a>, decide to abandon the Santa Cruz colony in the South Pacific.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Rodrigues_Soromenho" title="Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho">Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho</a>, who had departed from the Philippines on the ship San Agustin on July 5 with cargo of Asian silk, porcelain, and almost 100 passengers and crew, drops anchor at <a href="/wiki/Drakes_Bay" title="Drakes Bay">Drakes Bay</a> in what is now the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. <a href="#cite_note-Aker-94">[94]</a> He and some of his crew come ashore, where they are greeted by Native Americans. A gale in a few weeks later sinks the San Agustin, killing at least 7 people and ruining the ship's cargo. The crew salvages a <a href="/wiki/Launch_(boat)" title="Launch (boat)">launch</a> that they had brought with them.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalupe_Island_(1595)" title="Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595)">Battle of Guadalupe Island</a> is fought between nine English Navy warships (led by Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>) and eight Spanish frigates off in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Spanish force wins the battle, capturing one ship and killing 45 English sailors. Both sets of ships proceed toward <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – In India, Prince <a href="/wiki/Man_Singh_I" title="Man Singh I">Man Singh I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Amber" title="Kingdom of Amber">Maharaja of Amber</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, becomes the Mughal Governor (<a href="/wiki/Subahdar" title="Subahdar">subahdar</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal</a> in what is now Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. He lays the foundations of a new capital of Bengal, <a href="/wiki/Akbarnagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbarnagar">Akbarnagar</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Rajmahal" title="Rajmahal">Rajmahal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> state). <a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – In the remodeling of the Church of Saint Sylvester in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, the ashes of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Pope Anterus</a> are discovered almost 1,360 years after his death. Anterus had served as Pope for six weeks before dying on January 3, <a href="/wiki/236" title="236">236</a>. <a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – The settlers of the first attempt to create a European colony in the South Pacific depart from Santa Cruz Island on three surviving ships, the San Geronimo, the San Felipe and the Santa Catalina (which disappears during the attempt to return home). Despite the lack of navigation charts, navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós brings the San Geronimo and the San Felipe back to Manila Bay, arriving on February 11 after 12 weeks and the deaths of 50 passengers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">Battle of San Juan</a> is fought off of the island of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> as an English fleet of 27 ships and 2,500 men, led by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, attempts to invade the Spanish colony. In a three-day battle, the English lose at least eight ships and 400 men, including <a href="/wiki/John_Hawkins_(naval_commander)" title="John Hawkins (naval commander)">Admiral John Hawkins</a>. Drake's fleet withdraws and attempts to conquer Panama. <a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – A group of 80 people from the sunken ship San Agustin, are able to leave California on the launch which they had brought along, which they name the San Buenaventura. The group sails past <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a> and arrives at Chacala in Mexico on January 17. <a href="#cite_note-Aker-94">[94]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – What is probably the first performance of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s play, <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a>, takes place in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – Sultan Murad, 4th son of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmednagar Sultanate">Ahmednagar Sultanate</a> which is defended by <a href="/wiki/Chand_Bibi" title="Chand Bibi">Chand Bibi</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_6"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1595&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrians</a> incite a rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottomans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag of the Estates</a> at <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6derk%C3%B6ping" title="Söderköping">Söderköping</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> elects the Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Duke Charles</a> as the country's regent, in place of <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a>, King of Poland and Sweden.</li> <li>Probable first performance of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s plays <a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-CBH-93">[93]</a></li> <li>Many sugar plantations in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé</a> are destroyed by a large slave uprising<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1596">1596</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1596&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1596&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_7"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1596&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Assault_on_Panama" title="Drake's Assault on Panama">Drake's Assault on Panama</a>: Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baskerville_(general)" title="Thomas Baskerville (general)">Thomas Baskerville</a> and an English force of 15 ships land at the Atlantic Ocean port of <a href="/wiki/Nombre_de_Dios,_Col%C3%B3n" title="Nombre de Dios, Colón">Nombre de Dios</a> in an attempt to capture the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – Francis Drake, unable to receive a ransom for the town of Nombre de Dios, orders the town and all Spanish ships in harbor to be burned. At the same time, General Baskerville leads 750 men on a mission to clear the Isthmus of Spanish parties.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – With an epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a> spreading through the English forces of Drake and Baskerville, Drake orders survivors to retreat to the English ships, anchored off of the island of <a href="/wiki/Isla_Escudo_de_Veraguas" title="Isla Escudo de Veraguas">Escudo de Veraguas</a>. Drake dies of dystentery two days later on his flagship, Defiance.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert of Austria</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> to begin his administration as <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Habsburg_Netherlands" title="List of governors of the Habsburg Netherlands">Governor General</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – Archbishop <a href="/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a> begins building his <a href="/wiki/Whitgift_Foundation" title="Whitgift Foundation">hospital</a> at <a href="/wiki/Croydon" title="Croydon">Croydon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinos" title="Battle of Pinos">Battle of Pinos</a> is fought between the English Navy (with 14 warships) and the Spanish Navy (with 13 galleons) off of the coast <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Isla_de_la_Juventud" title="Isla de la Juventud">Isla de Pinos</a>, with 325 English Navy men killed or captured, while Spain drives Baskerville's ships to retreat and sustains 80 dead or wounded.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – During Spain's <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Brittany Campaign">Brittany Campaign</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War</a>, a Spanish ship carrying 25 soldiers invades England after arriving at <a href="/wiki/Cawsand_Bay" title="Cawsand Bay">Cawsand Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>. After starting a fire, the Spanish retreat.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_7"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1596&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1596)" title="Siege of Calais (1596)">Siege of Calais</a>: Spanish troops capture <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willem_Barents" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem Barents">Willem Barents</a> leaves <a href="/wiki/Vlie" title="Vlie">Vlie</a>, on his third and final Arctic voyage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – Pope <a href="/wiki/Clement_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a> appoints 16 new Cardinals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – Willem Barents and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob van Heemskerk">Jacob van Heemskerk</a> discover <a href="/wiki/Bear_Island_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Island (Norway)">Bear Island</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – Willem Barents discovers <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Houtman" title="Cornelis de Houtman">Cornelis de Houtman</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a>, the first Dutch sailor to reach Indonesia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_7"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1596&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Capture of Cádiz">Capture of Cádiz</a>: An English fleet, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex">Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham">Lord Howard of Effingham</a>, sacks <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Dominicus_Corea" title="Dominicus Corea">Dominicus Corea</a> (Edirille Bandara) is beheaded by the Portuguese in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a> issues "an open warrant to the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of London</a> and the aldermen and his brethren, and to all other vice-admirals, mayors, and other public officers whatsoever to whom it may appertain" directing that <a href="/wiki/African_people" class="mw-redirect" title="African people">Africans</a> in the realm will be deported. Citing a request from Casper van Senden "to have licence to take up so many <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">blackamoors</a> here in this realm and to transport them into Spain and Portugal," the Queen notes that "Her majesty... considering the reasonableness of his request to transport so many blackamoors from hence, doth think it a very good exchange and that those kind of people may be well spared in this realm being so populous and numbers of able persons the subjects of the land and Christian people that perish for want of service, whereby through their labor they might be maintained."<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1596)" title="Siege of Hulst (1596)">siege of the Dutch city of</a> <a href="/wiki/Hulst" title="Hulst">Hulst</a> is completed after a month as Spanish forces under the command of <a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert</a>, son of the late Holy Roman Emperor Maxmimilan II, force the surrender of the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – The coronation of Christian IV as King of Denmark and King of Norway takes place at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady,_Copenhagen" title="Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen">Vor Frue Kirke</a> cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. The Bishop of Zealand, Peder Virstrup, places the crown upon the head of King Christian IV, who had become the monarch in 1588 at the age of 11.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Fabricius" title="David Fabricius">David Fabricius</a> discovers the variable nature of the star <a href="/wiki/Mira" title="Mira">Mira</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Montemayor" title="Diego de Montemayor">Diego de Montemayor</a> founds the city of <a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_7"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1596&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Brest" title="Union of Brest">Union of Brest</a>: The Ukrainian Church west of the Dnieper becomes known as the Ukrainian Rite of <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, whereas the East officially renounces the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/2nd_Spanish_Armada" title="2nd Spanish Armada">Second Armada</a>, a Spanish fleet sent to attack England in revenge for the raid on Cadiz, is wrecked in storms off <a href="/wiki/Cape_Finisterre" title="Cape Finisterre">Cape Finisterre</a>; nearly 5,000 men and 44 ships are lost including five galleons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – The Spanish galleon <a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_incident_(1596)" title="San Felipe incident (1596)">San Felipe</a> founders in Japan, leading to <a href="/wiki/26_Martyrs_of_Japan" title="26 Martyrs of Japan">26 Christians being martyred</a> the next year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Keresztes" title="Battle of Keresztes">Battle of Keresztes</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> Turks defeat a combined <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvanian</a> army, after two days of fighting: .<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Cudgel_War" title="Cudgel War">Cudgel War</a> begins in Finland (at the time part of Sweden), when poor <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasants</a> rise up against the troops, nobles and cavalry who have taxed them.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Damat_Ibrahim_Pasha" title="Damat Ibrahim Pasha">Damat Ibrahim Pasha</a> is appointed the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire</a> by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a> for the second time in less than a year, replacing <a href="/wiki/Cigalazade_Yusuf_Sinan_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha">Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha</a>, who succeeded him on October 27.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – In Japan, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, Chancellor of the Realm, orders the arrest of the <a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_incident_of_1596" class="mw-redirect" title="San Felipe incident of 1596">26 Roman Catholic Christians who had the misfortune of being shipwrecked</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> on October 19; each of the ones arrested has a part of the left ear cut off, then sent on a forced march to <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> on January 4, then has them killed on February 5.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">King Henry IV</a> of France (who was originally King Henry III of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a>) declares Navarre to be permanently separate of France.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_7"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1596&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The first <a href="/wiki/Water_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Water closet">water closet</a>, by Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Harington_(writer)" title="John Harington (writer)">John Harington</a>, is installed in a manor near <a href="/wiki/Kelston" title="Kelston">Kelston</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a> moves the capital of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> from <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> to <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridge" title="Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge">Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge</a>, is founded.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> hits parts of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.</li> <li>The fourth of a five year run of poor harvests, largely caused by the weather, a pattern typical of the last third of the century. This causes famine throughout Europe, which leads to food riots in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Serb_Uprising_of_1596%E2%80%9397" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb Uprising of 1596–97">Serb Uprising of 1596–97</a> begins.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1597">1597</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1597&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1597&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_8"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1597&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – Japan's Chancellor of the Realm, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, sends <a href="/wiki/Twenty-six_Martyrs_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan">26 European Christians</a>, arrested on December 8, 1596, on a forced march from <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turnhout_(1597)" title="Battle of Turnhout (1597)">Battle of Turnhout</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau">Maurice of Nassau</a> defeats a Spanish force under Jean de Rie of Varas, in the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/26_Martyrs_of_Japan" title="26 Martyrs of Japan">26 European Catholic Christians</a> are executed in <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> by crucifixion. They had the misfortune of being shipwrecked on the Japanese coast on October 19, 1596.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shirley" title="Anthony Shirley">Anthony Shirley</a>, England's "best-educated pirate", raids <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Santiago" title="Colony of Santiago">Jamaica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – The last battle of the <a href="/wiki/Cudgel_War" title="Cudgel War">Cudgel War</a> is fought on the <a href="/wiki/Santavuori_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Santavuori Hill">Santavuori Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ilmajoki" title="Ilmajoki">Ilmajoki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostrobothnia_(historical_province)" title="Ostrobothnia (historical province)">Ostrobothnia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amiens_(1597)#Spanish_capture_Amiens" title="Siege of Amiens (1597)">Amiens is taken</a> by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> forces.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_8"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1597&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Serb_uprising_of_1596%E2%80%9397" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb uprising of 1596–97">Serb uprising of 1596–97</a> ends in defeat for the rebels, at the field of <a href="/wiki/Gacko" title="Gacko">Gacko</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gata%C4%8Dko_Polje" title="Gatačko Polje">Gatačko Polje</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – Prince <a href="/wiki/Nyaungyan_Min" title="Nyaungyan Min">Nyaungyan Min</a> ignores the orders of King <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Bayin" title="Nanda Bayin">Nanda Bayin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> and seizes control of the Kingdom of Ava (now in Upper Myanmar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – Probable first performance of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> marries Barbara Muhleck.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – King Henry IV of France and England's General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baskerville_(general)" title="Thomas Baskerville (general)">Thomas Baskerville</a> begin the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amiens_(1597)" title="Siege of Amiens (1597)">siege of the city of Amiens</a> in France, which had been captured on March 11 by the Spanish Army. The city is recaptured by September 25.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kotte" title="Kingdom of Kotte">Kingdom of Kotte</a>, on most of the western side of the island of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Dharmapala_of_Kotte" title="Dharmapala of Kotte">King Dharmapala</a>. With no heirs, Dharmapala had made a will bequeathing the entire kingdom to the European nation of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, creating the territory of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon</a> (Puruthugisi Lankawa or Porthueka Ilankai).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Staten-Generaal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> approves a proposal for the Generaliteitscollege, a common board for the Republic's five separate navies, the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_of_Amsterdam" title="Admiralty of Amsterdam">Admiralty of Amsterdam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_of_Rotterdam" title="Admiralty of Rotterdam">Admiralty of Rotterdam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_of_Zeeland" title="Admiralty of Zeeland">Admiralty of Zeeland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_of_the_Noorderkwartier" title="Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier">Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_of_Friesland" title="Admiralty of Friesland">Admiralty of Friesland</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_8"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1597&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – Scottish poet <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Montgomerie" title="Alexander Montgomerie">Alexander Montgomerie</a> is declared an <a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">outlaw</a>, after the collapse of a Catholic plot.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – After the performance of the satirical play <a href="/wiki/The_Isle_of_Dogs_(play)" title="The Isle of Dogs (play)">The Isle of Dogs</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nashe" title="Thomas Nashe">Thomas Nashe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/The_Swan_(theatre)" title="The Swan (theatre)">Swan Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_England" title="Privy Council of England">Privy Council of England</a> concludes that the "lewd play" is full of <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">seditious</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slander" class="mw-redirect" title="Slander">slanderous</a> matter. Jonson is arrested, along with two actors, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Spenser" title="Gabriel Spenser">Gabriel Spenser</a> and Robert Shaa, and the three are sent to <a href="/wiki/Marshalsea_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshalsea Prison">Marshalsea Prison</a>. A raid on the home of Thomas Nashe seizes his papers, but Nashe is not found. The three prisoners are released later in the year and return to the stage. All copies of The Isle of Dogs script are destroyed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namwon" title="Siege of Namwon">Siege of Namwon</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Dutch_Expedition_to_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="First Dutch Expedition to Indonesia">First Dutch Expedition to Indonesia</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> expedition commanded by <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Houtman" title="Cornelis de Houtman">Cornelis de Houtman</a> returns to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, after having successfully reached <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>. This achievement opens the <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">Spice trade</a>, which had until then been monopolised by the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a>, to the Dutch, who in the next years launch several more expeditions to the Indies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Islands_Voyage" title="Islands Voyage">Islands Voyage</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex">Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a> set sail on an expedition to the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1597)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1597)">Rheinberg capitulates</a> to forces led by Maurice of Naussau.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV of Denmark-Norway</a> refuses to let <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> return to <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Imjin_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Imjin War">Imjin War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chilcheollyang" title="Battle of Chilcheollyang">Battle of Chilcheollyang</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> fleet defeats the <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Koreans</a>, in their only naval victory of the war.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amiens_(1597)" title="Siege of Amiens (1597)">Amiens is retaken</a> from the Spanish by Anglo-French forces, led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a>, after a four-month siege.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_8"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1597&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/3rd_Spanish_Armada" title="3rd Spanish Armada">3rd Spanish Armada</a>, a fleet of 140 ships, departs from the port of <a href="/wiki/La_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Coruña">La Coruña</a> with 12,634 soldiers and sailors and a plan to invade the British Isles with a landing at <a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_Cornwall" title="Falmouth, Cornwall">Falmouth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>. <a href="#cite_note-Tenace-114">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – The Spanish Armada reaches the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> without opposition. An English ship sees the invading force's approach, but is intercepted and sunk, with the survivors being taken prisoner. The Armada encounters a storm the next day. <a href="#cite_note-Wernham-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – Following the loss of an artillery ship and the galleon San Bartolome, Spanish Admiral <a href="/wiki/Diego_Brochero" title="Diego Brochero">Diego Brochero</a> orders the remaining ships in the attacking Armada to disperse until the weather improves. <a href="#cite_note-Wernham-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myeongnyang" title="Battle of Myeongnyang">Battle of Myeongnyang</a>: The Koreans, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Yi_Sunsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi Sunsin">Yi Sunsin</a>, are victorious over a Japanese invasion fleet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – In the last major action during the war of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Spanish_Armada" title="3rd Spanish Armada">3rd Spanish Armada</a>, the galleon Bear of Amsterdam is captured as it approaches Falmouth, where an English squadron intercepts it and leads it into Dartmouth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lingen_(1597)" title="Siege of Lingen (1597)">Lingen capitulates</a> to forces led by <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Maurice of Nassau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – The remainder of the 3rd Spanish Armada is assembled at La Coruña. Only 108 of the original fleet of 140 ships is left, and many of the vessels require food and supplies. King Philip elects not to attempt another invasion of the British Isles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – Queen Elizabeth of England appoints <a href="/wiki/George_Nicholson_(diplomat)" title="George Nicholson (diplomat)">George Nicholson</a> as the English Resident in Scotland, the <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>'s chief diplomatic official to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, with a letter of accreditation for Nicholson to present to King James VI of Scotland. <a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Grimaldi_Ceb%C3%A0" title="Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà">Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà</a> is elected as the new <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">Doge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>, as the previous chief executive, <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Senarega" title="Matteo Senarega">Matteo Senarega</a> completes his two-year term. Senarega is given the post of procuratore perpetuo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> <ul><li>The Roman Catholic order of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Doctrine_Fathers" title="Christian Doctrine Fathers">Congregatio Patrum Doctrinae Christianae</a>, which will later be more commonly known as the Christian Doctrine Fathers, is approved by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Pope Clement VIII</a>. Founded on September 29, 1592, the order continues to operate more than four centuries later and is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.</li> <li>Prince <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_B%C3%A1thory" title="Sigismund Báthory">Sigismund Báthory</a> signs an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> to abdicate the throne of Transylvania in return for the Silesian duchies of Racibórz and Opole and an annual subsidy of 50,000 thalers.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_8"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1597&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Safavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Safavid">Abbas I</a> ends the <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbek</a> raids on his lands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqob" title="Yaqob">Yaqob</a> succeeds his father Sarsa Dengel, as Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> at the age of 7.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Peri" title="Jacopo Peri">Jacopo Peri</a> writes <a href="/wiki/Dafne" title="Dafne">Dafne</a>, now recognised as the first <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>.</li> <li>The first edition of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Bacon (philosopher)">Francis Bacon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Essays_(Francis_Bacon)" title="Essays (Francis Bacon)">Essays</a> is published.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Libavius" title="Andreas Libavius">Andreas Libavius</a> publishes Alchemia, a pioneering <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> textbook.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li>12 million <a href="/wiki/Peso" title="Peso">pesos</a> of silver cross the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a>. Although it is unknown just how much silver flowed from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> base of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, it is known that the main port for the <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> silver trade—<a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>—shipped out 150,000 to 345,000 kg (4 to 9 million <a href="/wiki/Tael" title="Tael">taels</a>) of silver annually from this year to 1602.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Hess" title="Tobias Hess">Tobias Hess</a> corresponds with <a href="/wiki/Simon_Studion" title="Simon Studion">Simon Studion</a> and agrees with him that the <a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">Papacy</a> must fall in <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1598">1598</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1598&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1598&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_9"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1598&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frederick,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg">Joachim Frederich</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Brandenburg">Elector of Brandenburg</a> upon the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/John_George,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="John George, Elector of Brandenburg">Johann Georg von Brandenburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_monarchs" title="List of Russian monarchs">Tsar of the Russian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_I_of_Russia" title="Feodor I of Russia">Feodor I</a>, dies of a sudden illness at the age of 40, leaving no children and bringing an end to the <a href="/wiki/Rurikids" title="Rurikids">Rurik dynasty</a>. His widow, <a href="/wiki/Irina_Godunova" title="Irina Godunova">Irina Godunova</a>, takes action to secure the throne but her rule lasts for only nine days.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – After receiving no support from the Russian nobles, the Tsaritsa Irina Godunova abandons her brief rule as autocrat of Russia, and abdicates in favor of her older brother, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov" title="Boris Godunov">Boris Godunov</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – In what is now South Korea, a force of 50,000 troops of the Korean kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> and Chinese Ming dynasty troops begins the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ulsan" title="Siege of Ulsan">siege of Ulsan</a>, a Japanese-controlled castle located in the southwest port of Ulsan on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – In Italy <a href="/wiki/Cesare_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena">Cesare d'Este</a> moves the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a> to the city of <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ferrara" title="Duchy of Ferrara">Duchy of Ferrara</a> is declared by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> to be at an end.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov" title="Boris Godunov">Boris Godunov</a> is elected as the Tsar of Russia by unanimous vote of the parliament of nobles, the <a href="/wiki/Zemsky_Sobor" title="Zemsky Sobor">Zemsky Sobor</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – Count <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Schwarzenberg" title="Adolf von Schwarzenberg">Adolf von Schwarzenberg</a> of Austria captures the Turkish fortress at <a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a>, four years after Turkish forces had taken it over.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Duchy of Brittany</a> in France is conquered by <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">King Henry IV</a>, who forces the surrender of Philippe Louis de Lorraine-Mercœur, Duke of Brittany. Merceur is then exiled to Hungary.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – The abdication of <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_B%C3%A1thory" title="Sigismund Báthory">Sigismund Báthory</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Transylvania" title="Prince of Transylvania">Prince of Transylvania</a> (now part of Romania) is accepted by the Transylvanian nobles. Sigismund's cousin, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_B%C3%A1thory" title="Andrew Báthory">Andrew Báthory</a>, is then elected as the new Prince.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_9"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1598&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a> (promulgated April 30): <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> grants French <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a> equal rights with <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholics</a>; this is considered the end of the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, on the day of the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Feast of the Ascension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a>, dispatched by the Viceroy of New Spain to expand the Spanish colony's territory, assembles his group on the south side of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> and formally claims all territory north of the river (near what is now the U.S. city of <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>) as a colony of the Spanish Empire.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Vervins" title="Peace of Vervins">Peace of Vervins</a>, mediated by Cardinal Alessandro de Medici, ends the war between France and Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> announces that his eldest daughter, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabella Clara Eugenia</a>, will marry <a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert of Austria</a> (at the time a Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo), and that the two will jointly govern the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a> (now Belgium).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keich%C5%8D" title="Keichō">Keichō</a> 3, 8th day of the 4th month) – The <a href="/wiki/Mount_Asama" title="Mount Asama">Mount Asama</a> volcano on the Japanese island of <a href="/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Honshū">Honshū</a> erupts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Star_catalogue" title="Star catalogue">star catalogue</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/libraries/Libraries.php?launch=1&language=en&page=Treasures&country=Denmark">Astronomiæ instauratæ mechanica</a>, listing the positions of 1,004 stars, is published.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – The Principality of Wallachia becomes a vassal state of the Austrian Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire, after <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Brave" title="Michael the Brave">Michael the Brave</a> (Mihai Pătrașcu, with a regnal name of Michael II) signs an agreement at <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> to receive protection from the Ottoman Empire.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1598)" title="Battle of San Juan (1598)">England invades the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico</a> with a force of 20 ships and 1,700 men led by the <a href="/wiki/George_Clifford,_3rd_Earl_of_Cumberland" title="George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland">Earl of Cumberland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – The ill-fated Dutch expedition of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Mahu" title="Jacques Mahu">Jacques Mahu</a> begins as his ship Hoop, along with the ships Liefde, Geloof, Trouwe and Blijde Boodschap, departs from <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – England's forces capture the <a href="/wiki/Castillo_San_Felipe_del_Morro" title="Castillo San Felipe del Morro">Castillo San Felipe del Morro</a>, the Spanish fortress defending <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a>, after a 15-day battle.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> When an epidemic begins taking its toll on the English forces, the Earl of Cumberland decides to withdraw and departs in August.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_9"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1598&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – John Barrose, a Burgundian fencer who has challenged all comers and killed several, is hanged for murder. Barrose's story is dramatized by playwright <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a> in <a href="/wiki/Every_Man_in_His_Humour" title="Every Man in His Humour">Every Man in His Humour</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – After fording the Rio Grande near what are now the Mexican city of Juarez and the U.S. city of El Paso, <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a> proclaims the founding of the colony of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9jico" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo Méjico">Santa Fe de Nuevo Méjico</a> (Santa Fe of New Mexico), with himself as the first Viceroy. Oñate establishes the first capital of the New Mexico viceroyalty at a new village, <a href="/wiki/Ohkay_Owingeh,_New_Mexico" title="Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico">San Juan de los Caballeros</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo people">Pueblo Indian</a> city of Ohkay Owingeh, now located in <a href="/wiki/Rio_Arriba_County,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Arriba County, New Mexico">Rio Arriba County, New Mexico</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – A marriage contract is signed as part of the treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye between <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">King Henry IV</a> of France and <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Charles III, Duke of Lorraine">Charles III, Duke of Lorraine</a>, providing for King Henry's niece, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bourbon" title="Catherine of Bourbon">Catherine of Bourbon</a>, to marry Duke Charles's son, <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Henry II, Duke of Lorraine">Henry of Lorraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roelker-125">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> registers the rights to his new play, <a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a>, in the Register of the Stationers Company, under the title The Marchaunt of Venyce or otherwise called The Jewe of Venyce.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a>, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, departs from <a href="/wiki/Gdansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gdansk">Gdansk</a> with 80 transports, several warships and exiled members of the Swedish parliament to invade Sweden. The troops land at <a href="/wiki/Kalmar" title="Kalmar">Kalmar</a> on July 31, and secure its surrender.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a> – Philosopher <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a> moves from Naples to <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, where he will be involved in a revolt against the rule of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a> the following year.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yellow_Ford" title="Battle of the Yellow Ford">Battle of the Yellow Ford</a> in Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_O%27Neill,_Earl_of_Tyrone" title="Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone">Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone</a>, gains victory over an English expeditionary force under <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bagenal" title="Henry Bagenal">Henry Bagenal</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Nine Years' War</a> against English rule.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keich%C5%8D" title="Keichō">Keichō</a> 3, 15th day of the 7th month) – The Council of Five Elders, to serve in Japan as regents after the death of General Hideyoshi, is gathered at Fushimi on orders of Hideyoshi, and the members vow their allegiance to Hideyoshi's son, Hideyori.<a href="#cite_note-Berry-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – The Mahu expedition from the Dutch Republic arrives at the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde Islands">Cape Verde Islands</a> off of the coast of Africa, and many of the men become fatally ill, including Captain Jacques Mahu, who dies on September 23.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keich%C5%8D" title="Keichō">Keichō</a> 3, 5th day of the 8th month) – With his own death imminent, General Toyotomi Hideyoshi of Japan issues an order directing the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Elders" title="Council of Five Elders">Council of Five Elders</a> to bring their children to the Osaka Castle to join Hideyoshi's designated successor, his son Hideyori.<a href="#cite_note-Berry-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Brave" title="Michael the Brave">Prince Michael II of Wallachia</a> begins the siege of <a href="/wiki/Nikopol,_Bulgaria" title="Nikopol, Bulgaria">Nicopolis</a> (now Nikopol in Bulgaria).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a> upon the death of his father.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Dutch_Expedition_to_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia">Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Corneliszoon_van_Neck" title="Jacob Corneliszoon van Neck">Jacob Corneliszoon van Neck</a> and three ships commanded by him are separated from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> fleet of Admiral <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybrand_van_Warwijck" class="extiw" title="nl:Wybrand van Warwijck">Wybrand van Warwyck</a>, and land on a Portuguese-charted island, Ilha do Cisne. Van Neck names the island <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Maurice, Prince of Orange</a>. Although <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Fernandes_Pereira" title="Diogo Fernandes Pereira">Diogo Fernandes Pereira</a> and sailors from Portugal had, in 1507, become the first Europeans to find Mauritius, van Neck's men apparently are the first to sight the <a href="/wiki/Dodo" title="Dodo">dodo</a>, a now extinct bird.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keich%C5%8D" title="Keichō">Keichō</a> 3, 18th day of the 8th month) – General <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, who united Japan and became the Chancellor of the Realm, dies after ruling 12 years. He is nominally succeeded by his 5-year-old son, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyori" title="Toyotomi Hideyori">Toyotomi Hideyori</a>, with the regency exercised by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Elders" title="Council of Five Elders">Council of Five Elders</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Battle of Stångebro</a> at <a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>: The Catholic King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund of Sweden and Poland</a> is defeated in his attempt to resume control of Sweden by the Protestant forces of his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles</a>. Sigismund is deposed shortly thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_9"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1598&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Suncheon" title="Siege of Suncheon">Siege of Suncheon</a>, an attempt by Korean and Chinese troops to capture the Japanese-occupied <a href="/wiki/Suncheon_Castle" title="Suncheon Castle">Suncheon Castle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> An attempt to lure Japanese General <a href="/wiki/Konishi_Yukinaga" title="Konishi Yukinaga">Konishi Yukinaga</a> into an ambush fails when a Korean Army cannon is fired too early and gives away the Korean plan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – Admiral <a href="/wiki/Yi_Sunsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi Sunsin">Yi Sunsin</a> of the Korean Navy attempts to bombard the Suncheon Castle, two days after the joint Chinese and Korean land assault is driven back. Korea and Japan lose 39 ships when a large number of the fleet gets stuck in the shallow waters at low tide and the vessels are attacked by the Japanese. Yi Sunsin calls off the siege the next day.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> (11th waxing of Tazaungmon 960 ME) – In what is now the <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Rakhine State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Min_Razagyi" title="Min Razagyi">King Min Razagyi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Arakan</a> and the rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Minye_Thihathu_II_of_Toungoo" title="Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo">Minye Thihathu</a> begin their assault on <a href="/wiki/Bago,_Myanmar" title="Bago, Myanmar">Pegu</a>, the remaining portion of the <a href="/wiki/Toungoo_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Toungoo Empire">Toungoo Empire</a> in southern Burma.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Pope Clement VIII</a> authorizes the marriage between Albert of Austria and Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain. The two will be married on April 18.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – In what is now part of the U.S. state of New Mexico, a dispute breaks out between the <a href="/wiki/Keres_people" title="Keres people">Keres people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a> (near what is now <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a> between the Keres Chief Zutacapan and the Spanish colonial envoy <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zald%C3%ADvar_(Spanish_soldier)" title="Juan de Zaldívar (Spanish soldier)">Juan de Zaldívar</a>. After being refused food and shelter for himself and his 16 men, Zaldivar retaliates by pillaging Acoma, and Zutacapan orders a counterattack in which Zaldivar and 11 other men are killed.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Spanish troops from the Santa Fe de New Mexico colony retaliate on January 22 by carrying out the <a href="/wiki/Acoma_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoma Massacre">Acoma Massacre</a> of 800 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> (Keichō 3, 19th day of the 11th month, lunar calendar) – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Noryang" title="Battle of Noryang">Battle of Noryang</a>: An allied Korean and Chinese fleet under Korean Admiral <a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a> and Chinese Admiral <a href="/wiki/Chen_Lin_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Chen Lin (Ming dynasty)">Chen Lin</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> navy, ending the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%9398)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)">Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Curalaba" title="Battle of Curalaba">Battle of Curalaba</a>: The revolting <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Cacique" title="Cacique">cacique</a> <a href="/wiki/Pelantaro" title="Pelantaro">Pelantaro</a>, inflict a major defeat on <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> troops in southern <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Chile</a>; all Spanish cities south of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADo_B%C3%ADo_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bío Bío River">Bío Bío River</a> eventually fall victim to the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Seven_Cities" title="Destruction of the Seven Cities">Destruction of the Seven Cities</a> by the Mapuches, and all conquest of Mapuche territories by Europeans practically ceases, until the later 19th century <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Araucan%C3%ADa" title="Occupation of Araucanía">Occupation of Araucanía</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Pope Clement VIII</a> refuses to allow dispensation for <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Henry II, Duke of Lorraine">Henry of Lorraine</a>, who is Catholic, to marry <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bourbon" title="Catherine of Bourbon">Catherine of Bourbon</a>, a Protestant Calvinist. King Henry IV of France then intimidates the Catholic Archbishop of Reims into authorizing the marriage.<a href="#cite_note-Roelker-125">[125]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_9"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1598&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Carnival – <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Peri" title="Jacopo Peri">Jacopo Peri</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dafne" title="Dafne">Dafne</a>, the earliest known modern opera, is premièred at the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Corsini,_Florence" class="mw-redirect" title="Palazzo Corsini, Florence">Palazzo Corsini, Florence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> – <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> congregations in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> introduce music into their services.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> passes the <a href="/wiki/Vagabonds_Act_1597" title="Vagabonds Act 1597">Vagabonds Act</a>, that allows <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">transportation</a> of convicts to colonies.</li> <li>Illustrations of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turkish</a> and European riflemen, with detailed illustrations of their firearms, appear in Zhao Shizhen's book Shenqipu in this year, during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a> of China.</li> <li>The Spanish establish themselves in <a href="/wiki/El_Pi%C3%B1al" title="El Piñal">El Piñal</a>, a trading port on the coast of China in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1599">1599</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1599&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1599&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_10"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1599&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – The Jesuit educational plan, known as the <a href="/wiki/Ratio_Studiorum" title="Ratio Studiorum">Ratio Studiorum</a>, is issued.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Acoma_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoma Massacre">Acoma Massacre</a> begins in what is now northern New Mexico in the U.S., as Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico viceroy <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a> leads 70 armed Spanish soldiers against the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Keres_people" title="Keres people">Keres people</a> at Aak'u (the <a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a>) near what is now <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>. In three days, 500 Acoma men and 300 women and children are killed by the Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – On Shrove Tuesday, the earliest known performance of William Shakespeare's play As You Like It is given, presented at <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park" title="Richmond Park">Richmond Park</a> for Queen Elizabeth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> <ul><li>At <a href="/wiki/Southwark" title="Southwark">Southwark</a>, near <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> on the south bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>, the land upon which the <a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a> will be built is leased by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brend" title="Nicholas Brend">Nicholas Brend</a> to a team of investors led by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pope" title="Thomas Pope">Thomas Pope</a>, actors Cuthbert and Richard Burbage, and three others.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sauli" title="Lorenzo Sauli">Lorenzo Sauli</a> becomes the new Doge of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Grimaldi_Ceb%C3%A0" title="Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà">Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà</a>. Sauli will serve until 1601.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex">Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex</a>, is appointed <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</a>, by Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_10"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1599&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – The Earl of Essex arrives in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> at the head of 16,000 troops, the largest army ever seen in Ireland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaltbommel" title="Siege of Zaltbommel">Siege of Zaltbommel</a>, located in the Dutch Republic, is begun by Spanish general <a href="/wiki/Francisco_L%C3%B3pez_de_Mendoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco López de Mendoza">Francisco López de Mendoza</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Bloodbath_(1599)" title="Kalmar Bloodbath (1599)">Kalmar Bloodbath</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Kalmar" title="Kalmar">Kalmar</a>, Sweden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – Essex takes <a href="/wiki/Cahir_Castle" title="Cahir Castle">Cahir Castle</a>, supposedly the strongest in Ireland, after a short <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cahir_Castle" title="Siege of Cahir Castle">siege</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Ban_of_1599" title="Bishops' Ban of 1599">Bishops' Ban of 1599</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bancroft" title="Richard Bancroft">Richard Bancroft</a> order a ban on a selection of literary works, including <a href="/wiki/Microcynicon:_Six_Snarling_Satires" title="Microcynicon: Six Snarling Satires">Microcynicon: Six Snarling Satires</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Middleton" title="Thomas Middleton">Thomas Middleton</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Diamper" title="Synod of Diamper">Synod of Diamper</a> is convened.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_10"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1599&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Dutch_Expedition_to_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Dutch Expedition to East Indies">Second Dutch Expedition to East Indies</a>: A Dutch fleet returns to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> from what is now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, carrying 600,000 pounds of <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">pepper</a> and 250,000 pounds of <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – The combined Dutch and English armies successfully defend <a href="/wiki/Zaltbommel" title="Zaltbommel">Zaltbommel</a> after a siege of two months.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a> is dethroned by his uncle <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Duke Charles</a>, who takes over as regent of the realm until <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>, when he becomes King Charles IX.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – First <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Curlew_Pass" title="Battle of Curlew Pass">Battle of Curlew Pass</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> forces defeat the English.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – The first reported performance at the <a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (erected over Spring/Summer), a presentation of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a> (probably new to that year), is recorded by Swiss traveller <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Platter_the_Younger" title="Thomas Platter the Younger">Thomas Platter the Younger</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – The Earl of Essex arrives back in England, disobeying the Queen's strict orders.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_10"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1599&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sellenberk" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sellenberk">Battle of Sellenberk</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Brave" title="Michael the Brave">Michael the Brave</a>, Prince of <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>, defeats the army of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_B%C3%A1thory" title="Andrew Báthory">Andrew Báthory</a> near <a href="/wiki/%C8%98elimb%C4%83r" title="Șelimbăr">Șelimbăr</a>, leading to the first recorded unification of the <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/%C3%85bo_Bloodbath" title="Åbo Bloodbath">Åbo Bloodbath</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/%C3%85bo" class="mw-redirect" title="Åbo">Åbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Finland">Swedish Finland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> – <a href="/wiki/Persian_embassy_to_Europe_(1599%E2%80%931602)" title="Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602)">Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602)</a>: A diplomatic delegation from <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Persia">Safavid Persia</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Ali_Beg_Bayat" title="Hossein Ali Beg Bayat">Hossein Ali Beg Bayat</a> and his staff after being dispatched by the Shah <a href="/wiki/Abbas_the_Great" title="Abbas the Great">Abbas the Great</a>, arrives in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> as part of a mission to enlist European nations into an alliance against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. The Persians are accompanied by English adventurer <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shirley" title="Anthony Shirley">Anthony Shirley</a>, who had persuaded Shah Abbas to undertake the initiative.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – The forces of <a href="/wiki/Minye_Thihathu_II_of_Toungoo" title="Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo">Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo</a> and his ally <a href="/wiki/Min_Razagyi" title="Min Razagyi">Min Razagyi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Kingdom of Mrauk U</a> end the <a href="/wiki/First_Toungoo_Empire" title="First Toungoo Empire">First Toungoo Empire</a> by capturing <a href="/wiki/Pegu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegu">Pegu</a> (modern-day Bago, Myanmar).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_10"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1599&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The first <a href="/wiki/Capuchin_friar" class="mw-redirect" title="Capuchin friar">Capuchin friar</a> is entombed in the <a href="/wiki/Catacombe_dei_Cappuccini" title="Catacombe dei Cappuccini">Catacombe dei Cappuccini</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> (Sicily).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>, <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>, <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>, <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>, <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>, <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>, <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>, <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>, <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a></div> 1590 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_I._Ahmet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sultan_I._Ahmet.jpg/110px-Sultan_I._Ahmet.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sultan_I._Ahmet.jpg/165px-Sultan_I._Ahmet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sultan_I._Ahmet.jpg/220px-Sultan_I._Ahmet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="1378" /></a><figcaption>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Vouet" title="Simon Vouet">Simon Vouet</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bell_(martyr)" title="Arthur Bell (martyr)">Arthur Bell</a>, English Franciscan martyr (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Convers" title="Edward Convers">Edward Convers</a>, American settler (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetta_Carlini" title="Benedetta Carlini">Benedetta Carlini</a>, Italian mystic (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Caesar" title="Charles Caesar">Charles Caesar</a>, English politician and judge (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Anne_Clifford,_14th_Baroness_de_Clifford" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford">Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barthold_Nihus" title="Barthold Nihus">Barthold Nihus</a>, Roman Catholic priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li>March – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ludlow" title="Roger Ludlow">Roger Ludlow</a>, one of the founders of the colony (later the state) of Connecticut (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Margaret of the Blessed Sacrament">Margaret of the Blessed Sacrament</a>, French Discalced Carmelite nun (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Reinkingk" title="Dietrich Reinkingk">Dietrich Reinkingk</a>, German lawyer and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Faria_e_Sousa" title="Manuel de Faria e Sousa">Manuel de Faria e Sousa</a>, Spanish and Portuguese historian and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Reyniersz_Pauw" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Reyniersz Pauw">Michael Reyniersz Pauw</a>, Dutch businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Dieu" title="Louis de Dieu">Louis de Dieu</a>, Dutch theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Upton_(died_1641)" title="John Upton (died 1641)">John Upton</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)</li> <li>May – <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_17th_Baron_de_Ros" class="mw-redirect" title="William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros">William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franco_Burgersdijk" title="Franco Burgersdijk">Franco Burgersdijk</a>, Dutch logician (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Albert_II,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg">John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakub_Sobieski" title="Jakub Sobieski">Jakub Sobieski</a>, Polish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_II_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Carr,_Countess_of_Somerset" title="Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset">Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Manasses_de_Pas,_Marquis_de_Feuquieres" title="Isaac Manasses de Pas, Marquis de Feuquieres">Isaac Manasses de Pas, Marquis de Feuquieres</a>, French soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Sibelius" title="Caspar Sibelius">Caspar Sibelius</a>, Dutch Protestant minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Bell_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Bell (governor)">Philip Bell</a>, British colonial governor (d. <a href="/wiki/1678" title="1678">1678</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ampzing" title="Samuel Ampzing">Samuel Ampzing</a>, Dutch linguist and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Rodney" title="Edward Rodney">Edward Rodney</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clement_X.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Clement_X.jpg/110px-Clement_X.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Clement_X.jpg/165px-Clement_X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Clement_X.jpg/220px-Clement_X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1019" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_X" title="Pope Clement X">Pope Clement X</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucrezia_Orsina_Vizzana" title="Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana">Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana</a>, Italian singer and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_X" title="Pope Clement X">Pope Clement X</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Crellius" title="Johannes Crellius">Johannes Crellius</a>, Polish–German theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – Count <a href="/wiki/John_Louis_of_Nassau-Hadamar" title="John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar">John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Austria,_Bishop_of_Wroclaw" title="Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw">Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Webster_(governor)" title="John Webster (governor)">John Webster</a>, colonial settler and governor of Connecticut (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rich,_1st_Earl_of_Holland" title="Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland">Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland</a>, English soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Baffa_Trasci" title="Ferruccio Baffa Trasci">Ferruccio Baffa Trasci</a>, Italian bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Stapley" title="Anthony Stapley">Anthony Stapley</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_Zayas" title="María de Zayas">María de Zayas</a>, Spanish writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Earle" title="Erasmus Earle">Erasmus Earle</a>, English barrister and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Pomerania" title="Anna of Pomerania">Anna of Pomerania</a>, Duchess-Consort of Croy and Havré (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Pynchon" title="William Pynchon">William Pynchon</a>, English colonist and fur trader in North America (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Alonso_de_Cuevas_y_Davalos" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Alonso de Cuevas y Davalos">Juan Alonso de Cuevas y Davalos</a>, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Mexico and Antequera (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Seghers" title="Daniel Seghers">Daniel Seghers</a>, Flemish Jesuit brother and painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_West_(governor)" title="John West (governor)">John West</a>, colonial governor of Virginia (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Louis,_Count_of_Nassau-Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="William Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken">William Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelica_Veronica_Airola" title="Angelica Veronica Airola">Angelica Veronica Airola</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Morozov" title="Boris Morozov">Boris Morozov</a>, Russian statesman and boyar (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_de_Caus" title="Isaac de Caus">Isaac de Caus</a>, French landscaper (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamada_Nagamasa" title="Yamada Nagamasa">Yamada Nagamasa</a>, Japanese adventurer (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ii_Naokatsu" title="Ii Naokatsu">Ii Naokatsu</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Plymouth_Colony_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bradford (Plymouth Colony governor)">William Bradford</a>, English leader of Plymouth Colony (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Browne_(poet)" title="William Browne (poet)">William Browne</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Eaton" title="Theophilus Eaton">Theophilus Eaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> colonial merchant (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6sem_Sultan" title="Kösem Sultan">Kösem Sultan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADche%C3%A1l_%C3%93_Cl%C3%A9irigh" title="Mícheál Ó Cléirigh">Mícheál Ó Cléirigh</a>, Irish chronicler (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Vernier" title="Marie Vernier">Marie Vernier</a>, French actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterina_Assandra" title="Caterina Assandra">Caterina Assandra</a>, Italian composer (died c. 1618)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Andersdotter" title="Magdalena Andersdotter">Magdalena Andersdotter</a>, Norwegian-Faroese shipowner (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofila_Chmielecka" title="Teofila Chmielecka">Teofila Chmielecka</a>, Polish military role model (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fouquet" title="Marie Fouquet">Marie Fouquet</a>, French medical writer and philanthropist (d. <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</li></ul> 1591 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-portrait_by_Guercino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Self-portrait_by_Guercino.jpg/110px-Self-portrait_by_Guercino.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Self-portrait_by_Guercino.jpg/165px-Self-portrait_by_Guercino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Self-portrait_by_Guercino.jpg/220px-Self-portrait_by_Guercino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4833" data-file-height="5974" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guercino" title="Guercino">Guercino</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Valentin_de_Boulogne" title="Valentin de Boulogne">Valentin de Boulogne</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Spencer,_2nd_Baron_Spencer_of_Wormleighton" title="William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton">William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton</a>, British baron (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – Princess <a href="/wiki/Dorothea,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg" title="Dorothea, Abbess of Quedlinburg">Dorothea, Abbess of Quedlinburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex">Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex</a>, English Civil War general (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jusepe_de_Ribera" title="Jusepe de Ribera">Jusepe de Ribera</a>, Spanish Tenebrist painter and printmaker (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_van_Goorle" title="David van Goorle">David van Goorle</a>, Dutch theologian and theoretical scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Boynton" title="Matthew Boynton">Matthew Boynton</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Junius_(the_younger)" title="Franciscus Junius (the younger)">Franciscus Junius</a>, pioneer of Germanic philology (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hervey_Bagot" title="Hervey Bagot">Hervey Bagot</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guercino" title="Guercino">Guercino</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Sabino" title="Antonio Sabino">Antonio Sabino</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> (or March 2) – <a href="/wiki/Girard_Desargues" title="Girard Desargues">Girard Desargues</a>, French mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Spee" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich von Spee">Friedrich von Spee</a>, German Jesuit and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clifford,_5th_Earl_of_Cumberland" title="Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland">Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willem_Boreel" title="Willem Boreel">Willem Boreel</a>, Dutch diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucas_de_Wael" title="Lucas de Wael">Lucas de Wael</a>, Flemish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tamburini" title="Tommaso Tamburini">Tommaso Tamburini</a>, Italian theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Chrysostomus_vander_Sterre" title="Johannes Chrysostomus vander Sterre">Johannes Chrysostomus vander Sterre</a>, Dutch abbot, ecclesiastical writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Savoy" title="Isabella of Savoy">Isabella of Savoy</a>, Italian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> or <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Rhodes" title="Alexandre de Rhodes">Alexandre de Rhodes</a>, French Jesuit missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dirck_Hals" title="Dirck Hals">Dirck Hals</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_2nd_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury">William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury</a>, English earl (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – Prince <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ulrich,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1634" title="1634">1634</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bartholomeus_Strobel" title="Bartholomeus Strobel">Bartholomeus Strobel</a>, Silezian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcos_de_Torres_y_Rueda" title="Marcos de Torres y Rueda">Marcos de Torres y Rueda</a>, interim viceroy of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – Prince <a href="/wiki/Francis_Charles_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg">Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Achilles,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Neuenstadt" title="Frederick Achilles, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt">Frederick Achilles, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Olimpia_Maidalchini" title="Olimpia Maidalchini">Olimpia Maidalchini</a>, Italian noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Solomon_Delmedigo" title="Joseph Solomon Delmedigo">Joseph Solomon Delmedigo</a>, Italian physician, mathematician, and music theorist (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a>, sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman empire">Ottoman empire</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rashleigh_(1591%E2%80%931675)" title="Jonathan Rashleigh (1591–1675)">Jonathan Rashleigh</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bagot" title="Jean Bagot">Jean Bagot</a>, French theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a>, English Puritan preacher (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_William,_Count_Palatine_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken-Birkenfeld" title="George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld">George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louise_de_Marillac" title="Louise de Marillac">Louise de Marillac</a>, French co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul">Daughters of Charity</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Herrick_(poet)" title="Robert Herrick (poet)">Robert Herrick</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Christian_of_Brieg" title="John Christian of Brieg">John Christian of Brieg</a>, Duke of Brzeg (1602–1639) (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Ang%C3%A9lique_Arnauld" title="Marie Angélique Arnauld">Marie Angélique Arnauld</a>, French abbess of the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Port-Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Port-Royal">Abbey of Port-Royal</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:091015-Ausa_021.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/091015-Ausa_021.JPG/110px-091015-Ausa_021.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/091015-Ausa_021.JPG/165px-091015-Ausa_021.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/091015-Ausa_021.JPG/220px-091015-Ausa_021.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_de_Sanctis" title="Michael de Sanctis">Michael de Sanctis</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_de_Sanctis" title="Michael de Sanctis">Michael de Sanctis</a>, Spanish saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margherita_Gonzaga,_Duchess_of_Lorraine" title="Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Lorraine">Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Lorraine</a> (1608–1624) (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Le_Muet" title="Pierre Le Muet">Pierre Le Muet</a>, French architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso III d'Este, Duke of Modena">Alfonso III d'Este, Duke of Modena</a>, Italian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Albert_II,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg" title="George Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg">George Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_Mallinckrodt" title="Bernhard von Mallinckrodt">Bernhard von Mallinckrodt</a>, German bibliophile (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Dingli" title="Tommaso Dingli">Tommaso Dingli</a>, Maltese architect and sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Furttenbach" title="Joseph Furttenbach">Joseph Furttenbach</a>, German architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Blondel" title="David Blondel">David Blondel</a>, French Protestant clergyman (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bobola" title="Andrew Bobola">Andrew Bobola</a>, Polish Jesuit missionary and martyr (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Goffe" title="Thomas Goffe">Thomas Goffe</a>, English dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">William Lenthall</a>, English politician of the Civil War period (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li></ul> 1592 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umbrella-china2-lg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Umbrella-china2-lg.jpg/110px-Umbrella-china2-lg.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Umbrella-china2-lg.jpg/165px-Umbrella-china2-lg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Umbrella-china2-lg.jpg/220px-Umbrella-china2-lg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> born on January 15</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sirjohneliot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sirjohneliot.jpg/110px-Sirjohneliot.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sirjohneliot.jpg/165px-Sirjohneliot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sirjohneliot.jpg/220px-Sirjohneliot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_(statesman)" title="John Eliot (statesman)">John Eliot</a> born on April 11</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QUARLES_Francis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/QUARLES_Francis.png/110px-QUARLES_Francis.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/QUARLES_Francis.png/165px-QUARLES_Francis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/QUARLES_Francis.png/220px-QUARLES_Francis.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_Quarles" title="Francis Quarles">Francis Quarles</a> born on May 8</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Taiji.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hong_Taiji.jpg/110px-Hong_Taiji.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hong_Taiji.jpg/165px-Hong_Taiji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hong_Taiji.jpg/220px-Hong_Taiji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="1038" /></a><figcaption>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hong_Taiji" title="Hong Taiji">Hong Taiji</a> born on November 28</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, 5th Mughal Emperor of India from 1628 to 1658 (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Alegambe" title="Philippe Alegambe">Philippe Alegambe</a>, Belgian Jesuit priest and bibliographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Pierre Gassendi</a>, French philosopher and scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_della_Greca" title="Vincenzo della Greca">Vincenzo della Greca</a>, Italian architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ferrar" title="Nicholas Ferrar">Nicholas Ferrar</a>, English trader (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Balthazar_Gerbier" title="Balthazar Gerbier">Balthazar Gerbier</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_San_Giovanni" title="Giovanni da San Giovanni">Giovanni da San Giovanni</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Comenius" class="mw-redirect" title="Comenius">Comenius</a>, Czech teacher and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Elzevir" title="Abraham Elzevir">Abraham Elzevir</a>, Dutch printer (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_T%C5%99anovsk%C3%BD" title="Jiří Třanovský">Jiří Třanovský</a>, Czech priest and musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_(statesman)" title="John Eliot (statesman)">John Eliot</a>, Member of Parliament, Statesman, Vice-Admiral of Devon (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maria_Brancaccio" title="Francesco Maria Brancaccio">Francesco Maria Brancaccio</a>, Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Schickard" title="Wilhelm Schickard">Wilhelm Schickard</a>, German inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Prado_y_Ovando" title="Marcos Ramírez de Prado y Ovando">Marcos Ramírez de Prado y Ovando</a>, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Mexico (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Trelawny,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Trelawny, 1st Baronet">Sir John Trelawny, 1st Baronet</a>, British baronet (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Quarles" title="Francis Quarles">Francis Quarles</a>, English poet most famous for his Emblem book aptly entitled Emblems (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alice_Barnham" title="Alice Barnham">Alice Barnham</a>, wife of English scientific philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Cordier" title="Balthasar Cordier">Balthasar Cordier</a>, Belgian Jesuit exegete, editor (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Brisacier" title="Jean de Brisacier">Jean de Brisacier</a>, French Jesuit (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>, German noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Michael" title="Tobias Michael">Tobias Michael</a>, German composer and cantor (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Eisler1972-150">[150]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_d%27Hozier" title="Pierre d'Hozier">Pierre d'Hozier</a>, French historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Bj%C3%B6rnsson_Printz" title="Johan Björnsson Printz">Johan Björnsson Printz</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_le_M%C3%A9tel_de_Boisrobert" title="François le Métel de Boisrobert">François le Métel de Boisrobert</a>, French poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnauld_de_Oihenart" title="Arnauld de Oihenart">Arnauld de Oihenart</a>, Basque historian and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_de_Tocco" title="Carlo de Tocco">Carlo de Tocco</a>, Italian nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/William,_Count_of_Nassau-Siegen" title="William, Count of Nassau-Siegen">William, Count of Nassau-Siegen</a>, German count (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wybrand_de_Geest" title="Wybrand de Geest">Wybrand de Geest</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham">George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham</a>, English statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Benjamin_Ayloffe,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Benjamin Ayloffe, 2nd Baronet">Sir Benjamin Ayloffe, 2nd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Angela_Astorch" title="Maria Angela Astorch">Maria Angela Astorch</a>, Spanish mystic and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Vignali" title="Jacopo Vignali">Jacopo Vignali</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Rinuccini" title="Giovanni Battista Rinuccini">Giovanni Battista Rinuccini</a>, archbishop of Fermo (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Guyon" title="Jean Guyon">Jean Guyon</a>, French colonist (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Stoughton" title="Nicholas Stoughton">Nicholas Stoughton</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Foote" title="Nathaniel Foote">Nathaniel Foote</a>, American colonist (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wandesford" title="Christopher Wandesford">Christopher Wandesford</a>, English administrator and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herman_Krefting" title="Herman Krefting">Herman Krefting</a>, Norwegian businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wenceslaus,_Duke_of_Oels-Bernstadt" title="Henry Wenceslaus, Duke of Oels-Bernstadt">Henry Wenceslaus, Duke of Oels-Bernstadt</a>, Duke of Bernstadt (1617 – 1639) (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Gueintz" title="Christian Gueintz">Christian Gueintz</a>, German teacher and writer-grammarian (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Horn,_Count_of_Pori" title="Gustav Horn, Count of Pori">Gustav Horn, Count of Pori</a>, Swedish/Finnish soldier and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Benso" title="Giulio Benso">Giulio Benso</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Honthorst" title="Gerard van Honthorst">Gerard van Honthorst</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Kalckstein" title="Albrecht von Kalckstein">Albrecht von Kalckstein</a>, German noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Chauncy" title="Charles Chauncy">Charles Chauncy</a>, English-born president of Harvard College (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Grassi" title="Antonio Grassi">Antonio Grassi</a>, Italian priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hong_Taiji" title="Hong Taiji">Hong Taiji</a>, Emperor of China (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bennet_(lawyer)" title="Thomas Bennet (lawyer)">Thomas Bennet</a>, successful civil lawyer (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle">William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Arciszewski" title="Krzysztof Arciszewski">Krzysztof Arciszewski</a>, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Matthiae_Gothus" title="Johannes Matthiae Gothus">Johannes Matthiae Gothus</a>, Swedish academic (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_de_Erauso" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalina de Erauso">Catalina de Erauso</a>, Spanish-Mexican nun and soldier (d. 1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a>, American colonial magistrate (d. 1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hacket" title="John Hacket">John Hacket</a>, English churchman (d. 1670)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_Paulet" title="Angélique Paulet">Angélique Paulet</a>, French salonnière, singer, musician and actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingen" title="Ingen">Ingen</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> Buddhist poet, calligrapher (d. 1673)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jenkins_(composer)" title="John Jenkins (composer)">John Jenkins</a>, English composer (d. 1678)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oldham_(colonist)" title="John Oldham (colonist)">John Oldham</a>, early English settler in Massachusetts (d. 1636)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walatta_Petros" title="Walatta Petros">Walatta Petros</a>, saint in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (d. 1642)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Copia_Sullam" title="Sara Copia Sullam">Sara Copia Sullam</a>, Italian poet and writer (d. 1641)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Br%C3%BBl%C3%A9" title="Étienne Brûlé">Étienne Brûlé</a>, French explorer in Canada (d. 1632)</li></ul> 1593 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Br%C3%A9buef-jesuits04jesuuoft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Br%C3%A9buef-jesuits04jesuuoft.jpg/110px-Br%C3%A9buef-jesuits04jesuuoft.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Br%C3%A9buef-jesuits04jesuuoft.jpg/165px-Br%C3%A9buef-jesuits04jesuuoft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Br%C3%A9buef-jesuits04jesuuoft.jpg/220px-Br%C3%A9buef-jesuits04jesuuoft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Brebeuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean de Brebeuf">Jean de Brebeuf</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine_De_Medici,_Governor_of_Siena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Catherine_De_Medici%2C_Governor_of_Siena.jpg/110px-Catherine_De_Medici%2C_Governor_of_Siena.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Catherine_De_Medici%2C_Governor_of_Siena.jpg/165px-Catherine_De_Medici%2C_Governor_of_Siena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Catherine_De_Medici%2C_Governor_of_Siena.jpg/220px-Catherine_De_Medici%2C_Governor_of_Siena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3568" data-file-height="4513" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici,_Governor_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de' Medici, Governor of Siena">Catherine de' Medici, Governor of Siena</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Card_Cesare_Monti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Card_Cesare_Monti.jpg/110px-Card_Cesare_Monti.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Card_Cesare_Monti.jpg/165px-Card_Cesare_Monti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Card_Cesare_Monti.jpg/220px-Card_Cesare_Monti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Monti" title="Cesare Monti">Cesare Monti</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_(1593-1650).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_%281593-1650%29.jpg/110px-Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_%281593-1650%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_%281593-1650%29.jpg/165px-Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_%281593-1650%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_%281593-1650%29.jpg/220px-Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_%281593-1650%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="699" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel,_Duchess_of_Saxe-Altenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg">Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sun_Chuanting" title="Sun Chuanting">Sun Chuanting</a>, Ming Dynasty general (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_Savoy" title="Prince Maurice of Savoy">Prince Maurice of Savoy</a>, Catholic cardinal and Prince of Savoy (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Nogaret_de_La_Valette" title="Louis de Nogaret de La Valette">Louis de Nogaret de La Valette</a>, French Catholic Cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Vere,_18th_Earl_of_Oxford" title="Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford">Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford</a>, English noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Wilhelm_von_Wartenberg" title="Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg">Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg</a>, German Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_de_La_Tour" title="Georges de La Tour">Georges de La Tour</a>, French Baroque painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_La_Haye" title="Jean de La Haye">Jean de La Haye</a>, French preacher and biblical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ulrich_Steigleder" title="Johann Ulrich Steigleder">Johann Ulrich Steigleder</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Br%C3%A9beuf" title="Jean de Brébeuf">Jean de Brébeuf</a>, French Jesuit missionary who travelled to Canada in <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahal" title="Mumtaz Mahal">Mumtaz Mahal</a>, Queen of India (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert" title="George Herbert">George Herbert</a>, Welsh-born English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Nicholas" title="Edward Nicholas">Edward Nicholas</a>, English statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Martyn" title="Nicholas Martyn">Nicholas Martyn</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wentworth,_1st_Earl_of_Strafford" title="Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford">Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford</a>, English statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Hobart,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet">Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Lalemant" title="Jérôme Lalemant">Jérôme Lalemant</a>, French Jesuit priest and missionary to Canada (d. <a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_(1593%E2%80%931648)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Forbes (1593–1648)">John Forbes</a>, Scottish theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici,_Governor_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de' Medici, Governor of Siena">Catherine de' Medici, Governor of Siena</a>, Italian princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Monti" title="Cesare Monti">Cesare Monti</a>, Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Jordaens" title="Jacob Jordaens">Jacob Jordaens</a>, Flemish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1678" title="1678">1678</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Vignon" title="Claude Vignon">Claude Vignon</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Knightley_(died_1639)" title="Richard Knightley (died 1639)">Richard Knightley</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_I_R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi" title="George I Rákóczi">George I Rákóczi</a>, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Gell,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet">Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet</a>, Parliamentarian politician and military figure in the English Civil War (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel,_Duchess_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg">Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_von_Franckenberg" title="Abraham von Franckenberg">Abraham von Franckenberg</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelm_I_von_Baden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wilhelm_I_von_Baden.jpg/100px-Wilhelm_I_von_Baden.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wilhelm_I_von_Baden.jpg/150px-Wilhelm_I_von_Baden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wilhelm_I_von_Baden.jpg/200px-Wilhelm_I_von_Baden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William,_Margrave_of_Baden-Baden" title="William, Margrave of Baden-Baden">William, Margrave of Baden-Baden</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sixtinus_Amama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sixtinus_Amama.jpg/100px-Sixtinus_Amama.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sixtinus_Amama.jpg/150px-Sixtinus_Amama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sixtinus_Amama.jpg/200px-Sixtinus_Amama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sixtinus_Amama" title="Sixtinus Amama">Sixtinus Amama</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liborius_Wagner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Liborius_Wagner.jpg/100px-Liborius_Wagner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Liborius_Wagner.jpg/150px-Liborius_Wagner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Liborius_Wagner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liborius_Wagner" title="Liborius Wagner">Liborius Wagner</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Achille_d%27%C3%89tampes_de_Valen%C3%A7ay" title="Achille d'Étampes de Valençay">Achille d'Étampes de Valençay</a>, Knight of Malta (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_Gentileschi" title="Artemisia Gentileschi">Artemisia Gentileschi</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sainthill_(MP_for_Tiverton)" title="Peter Sainthill (MP for Tiverton)">Peter Sainthill</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ernest,_Count_of_Stolberg" title="Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg">Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg</a>, then count of Stolberg-Ilsenburg (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/William,_Margrave_of_Baden-Baden" title="William, Margrave of Baden-Baden">William, Margrave of Baden-Baden</a> (1596–1677) (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Izaak_Walton" title="Izaak Walton">Izaak Walton</a>, English writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Brewster_(colonist)" title="Jonathan Brewster (colonist)">Jonathan Brewster</a>, American settler (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Juchereau" title="Noël Juchereau">Noël Juchereau</a>, Quebec pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orazio_Riminaldi" title="Orazio Riminaldi">Orazio Riminaldi</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyori" title="Toyotomi Hideyori">Toyotomi Hideyori</a>, Japanese nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Scheidt" title="Gottfried Scheidt">Gottfried Scheidt</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matth%C3%A4us_Merian" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthäus Merian">A. Matthäus Merian</a>, Swiss cartographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Osborne" title="Francis Osborne">Francis Osborne</a>, English writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jobst_Herman,_Count_of_Schaumburg" title="Jobst Herman, Count of Schaumburg">Jobst Herman, Count of Schaumburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolaes_Tulp" title="Nicolaes Tulp">Nicolaes Tulp</a>, Dutch anatomist and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sixtinus_Amama" title="Sixtinus Amama">Sixtinus Amama</a>, Dutch Reformed theologian and orientalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Warton_(died_1645)" title="Michael Warton (died 1645)">Michael Warton</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoffer_Urne" title="Christoffer Urne">Christoffer Urne</a>, Governor General of Norway (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abel_Servien" title="Abel Servien">Abel Servien</a>, French diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Solminihac" title="Alain de Solminihac">Alain de Solminihac</a>, French bishop and beatified person (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liborius_Wagner" title="Liborius Wagner">Liborius Wagner</a>, German Roman Catholic priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Airmine,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Airmine, 1st Baronet">Sir William Airmine, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Christian_Agricola" title="Adam Christian Agricola">Adam Christian Agricola</a>, German Evangelical preacher (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Bacon_(English_politician)" title="Nathaniel Bacon (English politician)">Nathaniel Bacon</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Agostini" title="Leonardo Agostini">Leonardo Agostini</a>, Italian antiquary (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barbier" title="Louis Barbier">Louis Barbier</a>, French bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Russell,_4th_Earl_of_Bedford" title="Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford">Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Rusca" title="Claudia Rusca">Claudia Rusca</a>, Italian composer, singer, and organist (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Tuchet,_2nd_Earl_of_Castlehaven" title="Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven">Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Diemen" title="Anthony van Diemen">Anthony van Diemen</a>, Dutch merchant (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Lobo" title="Jerónimo Lobo">Jerónimo Lobo</a>, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1678" title="1678">1678</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Ostror%C3%B3g" title="Mikołaj Ostroróg">Mikołaj Ostroróg</a>, Polish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Radcliffe_(politician)" title="George Radcliffe (politician)">George Radcliffe</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimura_Shigenari" title="Kimura Shigenari">Kimura Shigenari</a>, Japanese samurai (d. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pacetti" title="Giovanni Battista Pacetti">Giovanni Battista Pacetti</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)</li></ul> 1594 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannes_K%C3%B6rnlein_-_portrait_of_Maria_Tesselschade_Visscher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Johannes_K%C3%B6rnlein_-_portrait_of_Maria_Tesselschade_Visscher.jpg/110px-Johannes_K%C3%B6rnlein_-_portrait_of_Maria_Tesselschade_Visscher.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Johannes_K%C3%B6rnlein_-_portrait_of_Maria_Tesselschade_Visscher.jpg/165px-Johannes_K%C3%B6rnlein_-_portrait_of_Maria_Tesselschade_Visscher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Johannes_K%C3%B6rnlein_-_portrait_of_Maria_Tesselschade_Visscher.jpg/220px-Johannes_K%C3%B6rnlein_-_portrait_of_Maria_Tesselschade_Visscher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1885" data-file-height="2370" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tesselschade_Visscher" title="Maria Tesselschade Visscher">Maria Tesselschade Visscher</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Vimont" title="Barthélemy Vimont">Barthélemy Vimont</a>, French missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_II_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Mantua" title="Vincenzo II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua">Vincenzo II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua</a>, Italian duke and Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gregers_Krabbe" title="Gregers Krabbe">Gregers Krabbe</a>, Governor-general of Norway (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maeda_Toshitsune" title="Maeda Toshitsune">Maeda Toshitsune</a>, Japanese warlord (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Marca" title="Pierre de Marca">Pierre de Marca</a>, French bishop and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Powell_(martyr)" title="Philip Powell (martyr)">Philip Powell</a>, Welsh martyr (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Biagio_Marini" title="Biagio Marini">Biagio Marini</a>, Italian violinist and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Morell" title="Juliana Morell">Juliana Morell</a>, Spanish-French scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales">Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales</a>, elder son of King James I & VI and <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_I,_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar" title="John Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar">John Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar</a>, German duke (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Wadsworth_(patriarch)" title="William Wadsworth (patriarch)">William Wadsworth</a>, American colonial (d. <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Tesselschade_Visscher" title="Maria Tesselschade Visscher">Maria Tesselschade Visscher</a>, Dutch poet and engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Spada" title="Bernardino Spada">Bernardino Spada</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fairclough" title="Samuel Fairclough">Samuel Fairclough</a>, English minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_(governor)" title="John Haynes (governor)">John Haynes</a>, governor of Connecticut (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Henry,_Prince_of_Nassau-Dillenburg" title="Louis Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg">Louis Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg</a>, military leader in the Thirty Years' War (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Solms-Laubach" title="Sophie of Solms-Laubach">Sophie of Solms-Laubach</a>, wife of Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Heinrich_Graf_zu_Pappenheim" title="Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim">Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim</a>, field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="César, Duke of Vendôme">César, Duke of Vendôme</a>, French nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell,_1st_Earl_of_Ardglass" title="Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Ardglass">Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Ardglass</a>, English nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tyrrell" title="Thomas Tyrrell">Thomas Tyrrell</a>, English judge and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li>June – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Poussin" title="Nicolas Poussin">Nicolas Poussin</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg/110px-Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg/165px-Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg/220px-Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Margrave_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach">Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach</a> (1622–1659) (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Gennari" title="Bartolomeo Gennari">Bartolomeo Gennari</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beat_Albrecht_von_Ramstein" title="Beat Albrecht von Ramstein">Beat Albrecht von Ramstein</a>, German Catholic bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Ludwik_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" title="Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł">Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł</a>, Polish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Durazzo" title="Stefano Durazzo">Stefano Durazzo</a>, Italian cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Inyeol" title="Queen Inyeol">Queen Inyeol</a>, Korean royal consort (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Manelli" title="Francesco Manelli">Francesco Manelli</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Girard_de_Saint-Amant" title="Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant">Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant</a>, French poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Schatter" title="Johan Schatter">Johan Schatter</a>, Dutch Golden Age member of the <a href="/wiki/Haarlem_schutterij" title="Haarlem schutterij">Haarlem schutterij</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Wettstein" title="Johann Rudolf Wettstein">Johann Rudolf Wettstein</a>, Swiss diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Puget_de_la_Serre" title="Jean Puget de la Serre">Jean Puget de la Serre</a>, French author and dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Grey,_10th_Earl_of_Kent" title="Henry Grey, 10th Earl of Kent">Henry Grey, 10th Earl of Kent</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Ware_(historian)" title="James Ware (historian)">James Ware</a>, Irish genealogist (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Cosin" title="John Cosin">John Cosin</a>, English churchman (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Coning" title="Frederik Coning">Frederik Coning</a>, Dutch Golden Age member of the Haarlem schutterij (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Petit_(engineer)" title="Pierre Petit (engineer)">Pierre Petit</a>, French astronomer, military engineer, and physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a>, Swedish king and general (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sutton,_1st_Baron_Lexinton" title="Robert Sutton, 1st Baron Lexinton">Robert Sutton, 1st Baron Lexinton</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">Otto, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a>, Prince of Hesse-Kassel, Administrator of Hersfeld Abbey (d. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ove_Gjedde" title="Ove Gjedde">Ove Gjedde</a>, Danish admiral, member of the interim government after the death of Christian IV (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bramhall" title="John Bramhall">John Bramhall</a>, English Anglican clergyman and controversialist (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oliver_(painter)" title="Peter Oliver (painter)">Peter Oliver</a>, English miniaturist (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Zamoyski" title="Tomasz Zamoyski">Tomasz Zamoyski</a>, Polish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarquinio_Merula" title="Tarquinio Merula">Tarquinio Merula</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li></ul> 1595 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel,_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg/110px-Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg/165px-Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg/220px-Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Marek_-_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Jan_Marek_-_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek.jpg/110px-Jan_Marek_-_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Jan_Marek_-_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek.jpg/165px-Jan_Marek_-_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Jan_Marek_-_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek.jpg/220px-Jan_Marek_-_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1310" data-file-height="1562" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jan_Marek_Marci" title="Jan Marek Marci">Jan Marek Marci</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_Har_Gobind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Guru_Har_Gobind.jpg/110px-Guru_Har_Gobind.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Guru_Har_Gobind.jpg/165px-Guru_Har_Gobind.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Guru_Har_Gobind.jpg/220px-Guru_Har_Gobind.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albrycht_stanislaw_radziwill_portrait_1640.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Albrycht_stanislaw_radziwill_portrait_1640.jpg/110px-Albrycht_stanislaw_radziwill_portrait_1640.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Albrycht_stanislaw_radziwill_portrait_1640.jpg/165px-Albrycht_stanislaw_radziwill_portrait_1640.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Albrycht_stanislaw_radziwill_portrait_1640.jpg/220px-Albrycht_stanislaw_radziwill_portrait_1640.jpg 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albrycht_Stanis%C5%82aw_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" title="Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł">Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Carey,_2nd_Earl_of_Monmouth" title="Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth">Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Rudolf_of_Liegnitz" title="George Rudolf of Liegnitz">George Rudolf of Liegnitz</a>, Polish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herman_Fortunatus,_Margrave_of_Baden-Rodemachern" title="Herman Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern">Herman Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, Duchess consort of Pomerania (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_de%27_Medici_(cardinal)" title="Carlo de' Medici (cardinal)">Carlo de' Medici</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Ughelli" title="Ferdinando Ughelli">Ferdinando Ughelli</a>, Italian Cistercian monk and church historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bevil_Grenville" title="Bevil Grenville">Bevil Grenville</a>, English royalist soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(composer)" title="John Wilson (composer)">John Wilson</a>, English composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_II_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duke_of_Longueville" title="Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville">Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville</a>, Prince of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_Molijn" title="Pieter de Molijn">Pieter de Molijn</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miles_Hobart" title="Miles Hobart">Miles Hobart</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Lykke" title="Anne Lykke">Anne Lykke</a>, Danish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_II_de_Montmorency" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri II de Montmorency">Henri II de Montmorency</a>, French nobleman and military commander (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lars_Kagg" title="Lars Kagg">Lars Kagg</a>, Swedish count and military Officer (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Gottifredi" title="Aloysius Gottifredi">Aloysius Gottifredi</a>, Italian Jesuit (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Wladislaus_IV_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wladislaus IV of Poland">Wladislaus IV of Poland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Gelenius" title="Aegidius Gelenius">Aegidius Gelenius</a>, German heraldist (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Holles,_2nd_Earl_of_Clare" title="John Holles, 2nd Earl of Clare">John Holles, 2nd Earl of Clare</a>, English politician and Earl (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Marek_Marci" title="Jan Marek Marci">Jan Marek Marci</a>, Bohemian physician and scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Gobind" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Har Gobind">Guru Har Gobind</a>, the Sixth <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Guru" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Guru">Sikh Guru</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ulderico_Carpegna" title="Ulderico Carpegna">Ulderico Carpegna</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albrycht_Stanis%C5%82aw_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" title="Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł">Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł</a>, Polish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon_(died_1679)" title="John Gurdon (died 1679)">John Gurdon</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Castello" title="Félix Castello">Félix Castello</a>, Spanish artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Amalia_of_Baden-Durlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Amalia of Baden-Durlach">Anna Amalia of Baden-Durlach</a>, Regent of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Drelincourt" title="Charles Drelincourt">Charles Drelincourt</a>, French Protestant divine (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Wolfgang,_Count_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Ernest,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Pl%C3%B6n" title="Joachim Ernest, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön">Joachim Ernest, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön</a> (1622–1671) (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_Fournier_(Jesuit)" title="Georges Fournier (Jesuit)">Georges Fournier</a>, French Jesuit mathematician and geographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucas_van_Uden" title="Lucas van Uden">Lucas van Uden</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaj_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Gaj Singh of Marwar">Gaj Singh of Marwar</a>, Raja of Marwar Kingdom (r (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bauzer" title="Martin Bauzer">Martin Bauzer</a>, Gorizian Jesuit priest and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="George William, Elector of Brandenburg">George William, Elector of Brandenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Dachselhofer" title="Niklaus Dachselhofer">Niklaus Dachselhofer</a>, Swiss politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Desani" title="Pietro Desani">Pietro Desani</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sidney,_2nd_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester">Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ley,_2nd_Earl_of_Marlborough" title="Henry Ley, 2nd Earl of Marlborough">Henry Ley, 2nd Earl of Marlborough</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chapelain" title="Jean Chapelain">Jean Chapelain</a>, French poet and critic during the Grand Siècle (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Lawes" title="Henry Lawes">Henry Lawes</a>, English musician and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Injo_of_Joseon" title="Injo of Joseon">Injo of Joseon</a>, sixteenth king of the Joseon dynasty in Korea (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heo_Mok" title="Heo Mok">Heo Mok</a>, Korean politician, poet and scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wilson_(writer)" title="Arthur Wilson (writer)">Arthur Wilson</a>, English writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a>, hetman of Ukraine (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carew" title="Thomas Carew">Thomas Carew</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Corbet" title="Miles Corbet">Miles Corbet</a>, English Puritan politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Desmarets" title="Jean Desmarets">Jean Desmarets</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_(Master_of_the_Revels)" title="Henry Herbert (Master of the Revels)">Henry Herbert</a>, English official (d. <a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Kagg" title="Lars Kagg">Lars Kagg</a>, Swedish soldier and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_May" title="Thomas May">Thomas May</a>, English poet and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomaeus_Nigrinus" title="Bartholomaeus Nigrinus">Bartholomaeus Nigrinus</a>, Polish Rosicrucian (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a>, Algonquian princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Potocki" title="Mikołaj Potocki">Mikołaj Potocki</a>, Polish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sempill_the_younger" title="Robert Sempill the younger">Robert Sempill the younger</a>, Scottish writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vermuyden" title="Cornelius Vermuyden">Cornelius Vermuyden</a>, Dutch engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirck_van_Baburen" title="Dirck van Baburen">Dirck van Baburen</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrycht_Stanis%C5%82aw_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" title="Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł">Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł</a>, Lithuanian chancellor (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li></ul> 1596 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg/110px-Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg/165px-Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg/220px-Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Goyen" title="Jan van Goyen">Jan van Goyen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/110px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/165px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/220px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg/110px-Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg/165px-Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg/220px-Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1619" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo" title="Emperor Go-Mizunoo">Emperor Go-Mizunoo</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ribbing" title="Elizabeth Ribbing">Elizabeth Ribbing</a>, Swedish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Goyen" title="Jan van Goyen">Jan van Goyen</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Campen" title="Jacob van Campen">Jacob van Campen</a>, Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carew_Mildmay" title="Carew Mildmay">Carew Mildmay</a>, Member of the Parliament of England (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1s_Garcia_de_Mascarenhas" title="Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas">Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas</a>, soldier, poet and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Giry" title="Louis Giry">Louis Giry</a>, French lawyer, classical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Stiernh%C3%B6%C3%B6k" title="Johan Stiernhöök">Johan Stiernhöök</a>, Swedish lawyer (d. <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duke_Frederick_of_Saxe-Weimar" title="Duke Frederick of Saxe-Weimar">Duke Frederick of Saxe-Weimar</a>, German prince and colonel (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Elizabeth_of_Sweden" title="Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden">Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Elzevir" title="Isaac Elzevir">Isaac Elzevir</a>, Dutch printer and publisher (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ebba_Brahe" title="Ebba Brahe">Ebba Brahe</a>, Swedish countess (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Hesse-Kassel,_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg" title="Elizabeth of Hesse-Kassel, Duchess of Mecklenburg">Elizabeth of Hesse-Kassel, Duchess of Mecklenburg</a>-Gütsrow (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Henriette_de_Bourbon" title="Catherine Henriette de Bourbon">Catherine Henriette de Bourbon</a>, French noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, French philosopher and mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_van_der_Hamen" title="Juan van der Hamen">Juan van der Hamen</a>, Spanish artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moritz_Gudenus" title="Moritz Gudenus">Moritz Gudenus</a>, German Catholic preacher (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_van_Diepenbeeck" title="Abraham van Diepenbeeck">Abraham van Diepenbeeck</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Louis_II,_Count_of_Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein" title="John Louis II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein">John Louis II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wtewael" title="Peter Wtewael">Peter Wtewael</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery" title="Michel Particelli d'Emery">Michel Particelli d'Emery</a>, French politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Ban%C3%A9r" title="Johan Banér">Johan Banér</a>, Swedish field marshal in the Thirty Years' War (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian,_Prince_of_Dietrichstein" title="Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein">Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo" title="Emperor Go-Mizunoo">Emperor Go-Mizunoo</a> of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bertuccio_Valiero" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertuccio Valiero">Bertuccio Valiero</a>, Doge of Venice (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael I of Russia">Michael I of Russia</a>, Russian Tsar (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lorentz_Eichstadt" title="Lorentz Eichstadt">Lorentz Eichstadt</a>, German mathematician and astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick V, Elector Palatine">Frederick V, Elector Palatine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bolland" title="Jean Bolland">Jean Bolland</a>, Belgian Jesuit, Founder of the Bollandist (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth of Bohemia">Elizabeth Stuart</a>, later Queen of Bohemia (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li>September <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Shirley" title="James Shirley">James Shirley</a>, English dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Amyraut" title="Moses Amyraut">Moses Amyraut</a>, French Protestant theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Amati" title="Nicola Amati">Nicola Amati</a>, Italian luthier from Cremona (d. <a href="/wiki/1684" title="1684">1684</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constantijn_Huygens" title="Constantijn Huygens">Constantijn Huygens</a>, Dutch Golden Age poet and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1687" title="1687">1687</a>)<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Casimir,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Dessau" title="John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau">John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Eaton_(Mayflower_passenger)" title="Francis Eaton (Mayflower passenger)">Francis Eaton</a>, Mayflower passenger and New World colonist (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Blaeu" title="Joan Blaeu">Joan Blaeu</a>, Dutch cartographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Dandini" title="Cesare Dandini">Cesare Dandini</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_Mierevelt" title="Pieter van Mierevelt">Pieter van Mierevelt</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winslow" title="Edward Winslow">Edward Winslow</a>, American Pilgrim leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hay_du_Chastelet_de_Chambon" title="Daniel Hay du Chastelet de Chambon">Daniel Hay du Chastelet de Chambon</a>, French mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coe_(colonist)" title="Robert Coe (colonist)">Robert Coe</a>, American colonial (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert,_Count_of_Nassau-Dillenburg" title="Albert, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg">Albert, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg</a>, joint ruler of Nassau-Dillenburg 1623–1626 (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_da_Cortona" title="Pietro da Cortona">Pietro da Cortona</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Elbeuf" title="Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf">Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf</a>, French noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Chezard_de_Matel" title="Jeanne Chezard de Matel">Jeanne Chezard de Matel</a>, French mystic (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson" title="René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson">René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson</a>, French politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Osborne,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Edward Osborne, 1st Baronet">Sir Edward Osborne, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Lu%C3%ADs_de_Meneses,_1st_Marquis_of_Marialva" title="António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva">António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva</a>, Portuguese general and noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano">Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mohyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Mohyla">Peter Mohyla</a>, Moldavian Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonaert_Bramer" title="Leonaert Bramer">Leonaert Bramer</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Buonamici_(architect)" title="Francesco Buonamici (architect)">Francesco Buonamici</a>, Italian architect, painter and engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dury" title="John Dury">John Dury</a>, Scottish-born Calvinist minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Hatzfeld" title="Franz von Hatzfeld">Franz von Hatzfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop of Würzburg">Prince-Bishop of Würzburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Holstenius" title="Lucas Holstenius">Lucas Holstenius</a>, German humanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Jenatsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Jenatsch">Georg Jenatsch</a>, Swiss political leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mather" title="Richard Mather">Richard Mather</a>, American clergyman (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horio_Tadaharu" title="Horio Tadaharu">Horio Tadaharu</a>, Japanese warlord (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a>, Algonquian (Native American) princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)</li></ul> 1597 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SirHenryGage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/SirHenryGage.jpg/110px-SirHenryGage.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/SirHenryGage.jpg/165px-SirHenryGage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/SirHenryGage.jpg/220px-SirHenryGage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gage_(soldier)" title="Henry Gage (soldier)">Henry Gage</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justus_Sustermans_by_van_dyck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Justus_Sustermans_by_van_dyck.jpg/110px-Justus_Sustermans_by_van_dyck.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Justus_Sustermans_by_van_dyck.jpg/165px-Justus_Sustermans_by_van_dyck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Justus_Sustermans_by_van_dyck.jpg/220px-Justus_Sustermans_by_van_dyck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="963" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Justus_Sustermans" title="Justus Sustermans">Justus Sustermans</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duquesnoy" title="François Duquesnoy">François Duquesnoy</a>, Flemish Baroque sculptor in Rome (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp,_Duke_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg</a>, German Duke (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Regis" title="John Francis Regis">John Francis Regis</a>, French Jesuit priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Voiture" title="Vincent Voiture">Vincent Voiture</a>, French poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_de_la_Faille" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Charles de la Faille">Jean-Charles de la Faille</a>, Belgian mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ercole_Gennari" title="Ercole Gennari">Ercole Gennari</a>, Italian drawer and painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_le_Royer_de_la_Dauversi%C3%A8re" title="Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière">Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière</a>, French nobleman, founder of Montreal and an order of nursing Sisters (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Alonso_y_Oc%C3%B3n" title="Juan Alonso y Ocón">Juan Alonso y Ocón</a>, Spanish Catholic prelate, Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_(Douai)" title="William Hyde (Douai)">William Hyde</a>, President of English College, Douai (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Davenport_(minister)" title="John Davenport (minister)">John Davenport</a>, English Puritan clergyman, co-founder of the American colony of New Haven (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Hodierna" title="Giovanni Battista Hodierna">Giovanni Battista Hodierna</a>, Italian astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alvise_Contarini_(diplomat)" title="Alvise Contarini (diplomat)">Alvise Contarini</a>, Italian diplomat, nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Schut" title="Cornelis Schut">Cornelis Schut</a>, Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Squire_Bence" title="Squire Bence">Squire Bence</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Veit_Erbermann" title="Veit Erbermann">Veit Erbermann</a>, German theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Guez_de_Balzac" title="Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac">Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac</a>, French author (d. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Jansz._Saenredam" title="Pieter Jansz. Saenredam">Pieter Jansz. Saenredam</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodoor_Rombouts" title="Theodoor Rombouts">Theodoor Rombouts</a>, Flemish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Stoskopff" title="Sebastian Stoskopff">Sebastian Stoskopff</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Mazzocchi" title="Virgilio Mazzocchi">Virgilio Mazzocchi</a>, Italian Baroque composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abdias_Treu" title="Abdias Treu">Abdias Treu</a>, German mathematician and academic (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Grimaldi-Cavalleroni" title="Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni">Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Bart%C5%82omiej_Zimorowic" title="Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic">Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic</a>, Polish poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Twysden" title="Roger Twysden">Roger Twysden</a>, English antiquarian and royalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gage_(soldier)" title="Henry Gage (soldier)">Henry Gage</a>, Royalist officer in the English Civil War (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Barberini_(1597%E2%80%931679)" title="Francesco Barberini (1597–1679)">Francesco Barberini</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Justus_Sustermans" title="Justus Sustermans">Justus Sustermans</a>, Flemish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Captain_John_Underhill" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain John Underhill">Captain John Underhill</a>, English settler and soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Louis_of_Salm-Kyrburg-M%C3%B6rchingen" title="Otto Louis of Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen">Otto Louis of Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen</a>, Swedish general in the Thirty Years' War (d. <a href="/wiki/1634" title="1634">1634</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(MP)" title="Matthew Hutton (MP)">Matthew Hutton</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Tellez-Gir%C3%B3n_y_Enriquez_de_Ribera,_4th_Duke_of_Osuna" title="Juan Tellez-Girón y Enriquez de Ribera, 4th Duke of Osuna">Juan Tellez-Girón y Enriquez de Ribera, 4th Duke of Osuna</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate_(1597%E2%80%931660)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (1597–1660)">Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a>, wife of George William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Albert_I,_Count_of_Erbach-Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg">George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_Neyn" title="Pieter de Neyn">Pieter de Neyn</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Opitz" title="Martin Opitz">Martin Opitz</a>, German poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Honoré II, Prince of Monaco">Honoré II, Prince of Monaco</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Diatrist%C3%A1n_de_Acu%C3%B1a" title="Cristóbal Diatristán de Acuña">Cristóbal Diatristán de Acuña</a>, Spanish missionary and explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Heemskerk" title="Johan van Heemskerk">Johan van Heemskerk</a>, Dutch poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Jol" title="Cornelis Jol">Cornelis Jol</a>, Dutch naval commander and privateer (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Wei_(17th-century_poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Wei (17th-century poet)">Wang Wei</a>, Chinese poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li></ul> 1598 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg/110px-Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg/165px-Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg/220px-Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maarten_Tromp" title="Maarten Tromp">Maarten Tromp</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini,_self-portrait,_c1623.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini%2C_self-portrait%2C_c1623.jpg/110px-Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini%2C_self-portrait%2C_c1623.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini%2C_self-portrait%2C_c1623.jpg/165px-Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini%2C_self-portrait%2C_c1623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini%2C_self-portrait%2C_c1623.jpg/220px-Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini%2C_self-portrait%2C_c1623.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3485" data-file-height="4532" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mansart" title="François Mansart">François Mansart</a>, French architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Colletet" title="Guillaume Colletet">Guillaume Colletet</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Loccenius" title="Johannes Loccenius">Johannes Loccenius</a>, German historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Redemptus_of_the_Cross" title="Redemptus of the Cross">Redemptus of the Cross</a>, Portuguese Carmelite lay brother and martyr (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Corbie" title="Ralph Corbie">Ralph Corbie</a>, Irish Jesuit (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trelawney" title="Robert Trelawney">Robert Trelawney</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Lewis,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Lewis, 1st Baronet">Sir William Lewis, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Cr%C3%BCger" title="Johann Crüger">Johann Crüger</a>, German composer of well-known hymns (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar" title="William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar">William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar</a>, German nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Riccioli" title="Giovanni Battista Riccioli">Giovanni Battista Riccioli</a>, Italian astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maarten_Tromp" title="Maarten Tromp">Maarten Tromp</a>, officer and later admiral in the Dutch navy (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Leigh,_1st_Earl_of_Chichester" title="Francis Leigh, 1st Earl of Chichester">Francis Leigh, 1st Earl of Chichester</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Mellan" title="Claude Mellan">Claude Mellan</a>, French painter and engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ke_Henriksson_Tott" title="Åke Henriksson Tott">Åke Henriksson Tott</a>, Swedish soldier and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Sheldon" title="Gilbert Sheldon">Gilbert Sheldon</a>, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1663 until his death (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Munk" title="Kirsten Munk">Kirsten Munk</a>, Danish noble, spouse of King Christian IV of Denmark (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henricus_Regius" title="Henricus Regius">Henricus Regius</a>, Dutch philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Algardi" title="Alessandro Algardi">Alessandro Algardi</a>, Italian high-Baroque sculptor active in Rome (d. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Stiernhielm" title="Georg Stiernhielm">Georg Stiernhielm</a>, Swedish civil servant (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Imre_Thurz%C3%B3" title="Imre Thurzó">Imre Thurzó</a>, Hungarian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Gonzaga_(1598%E2%80%931655)" title="Eleonora Gonzaga (1598–1655)">Eleonora Gonzaga</a>, Holy Roman Empress, married to <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Busenello" title="Giovanni Francesco Busenello">Giovanni Francesco Busenello</a>, Italian librettist (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blake_(admiral)" title="Robert Blake (admiral)">Robert Blake</a>, English admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Neufville_de_Villeroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas de Neufville de Villeroy">Nicolas de Neufville de Villeroy</a>, Marshal of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Knudsen_Urne" title="Jørgen Knudsen Urne">Jørgen Knudsen Urne</a>, Danish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Commelin" title="Isaac Commelin">Isaac Commelin</a>, Dutch historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lars_Stigzelius" title="Lars Stigzelius">Lars Stigzelius</a>, Swedish Lutheran archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_I,_Count_Palatine_of_Birkenfeld-Bischweiler" title="Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler">Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler</a> (1600–1654) (d. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Adalbert_of_Harrach" title="Ernst Adalbert of Harrach">Ernst Adalbert of Harrach</a>, Austrian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n" title="Francisco de Zurbarán">Francisco de Zurbarán</a>, Spanish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Nansen" title="Hans Nansen">Hans Nansen</a>, Danish statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, Italian sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Farnese_(1598%E2%80%931643)" title="Ottavio Farnese (1598–1643)">Ottavio Farnese</a>, Italian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_La_Tr%C3%A9moille" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de La Trémoille">Henri de La Trémoille</a>, French general and noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Stuart_(1598%E2%80%931600)" title="Margaret Stuart (1598–1600)">Margaret Stuart</a>, Scottish princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventura_Cavalieri" title="Bonaventura Cavalieri">Bonaventura Cavalieri</a>, Italian mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmaduke_Langdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmaduke Langdale">Marmaduke Langdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> in the English Civil War (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldassarre_Longhena" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldassarre Longhena">Baldassarre Longhena</a>, Venetian architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Nicolet" title="Jean Nicolet">Jean Nicolet</a>, French explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Strode" title="William Strode">William Strode</a>, English parliamentarian (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0r%C3%AD%C3%B0ur_S%C3%ADmonard%C3%B3ttir" title="Guðríður Símonardóttir">Guðríður Símonardóttir</a>, Icelandic woman known as a victim of <a href="/wiki/The_Turkish_abductions" class="mw-redirect" title="The Turkish abductions">the Turkish abductions</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1693</a>)</li> <li>probable <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Armand_du_Peyrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Armand du Peyrer">Jean-Armand du Peyrer</a>, Comte de Tréville and French officer (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bankes" title="Mary Bankes">Mary Bankes</a>, Royalist in the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, defender of <a href="/wiki/Corfe_Castle" title="Corfe Castle">Corfe Castle</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1599 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_berchmans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Giovanni_berchmans.jpg/110px-Giovanni_berchmans.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Giovanni_berchmans.jpg/165px-Giovanni_berchmans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Giovanni_berchmans.jpg/220px-Giovanni_berchmans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/John_Berchmans" title="John Berchmans">John Berchmans</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Petre,_3rd_Baron_Petre" title="Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre">Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre</a>, English baron (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juraj_V_Zrinski" title="Juraj V Zrinski">Juraj V Zrinski</a>, Ban of Croatia (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Friedrich_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg">Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg</a>, third son of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Saxe-Weimar (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Whitmore_(1599%E2%80%931677)" title="Thomas Whitmore (1599–1677)">Thomas Whitmore</a>, English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Mennes" title="John Mennes">John Mennes</a>, English Royal Navy admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Alfonso_Enr%C3%ADquez_de_Cabrera" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera">Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera</a>, Viceroy of Sicily and Viceroy of Naples (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Berchmans" title="John Berchmans">John Berchmans</a>, Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flemish</a> painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Selle" title="Thomas Selle">Thomas Selle</a>, German baroque composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Witte_de_With" title="Witte de With">Witte de With</a>, famous Dutch naval officer of the 17th century (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/110px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/165px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/220px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Mauleverer,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet">Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Fleming_(Franciscan)" title="Patrick Fleming (Franciscan)">Patrick Fleming</a>, Irish Franciscan friar and scholar (murdered) (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolaes_Olycan" title="Nicolaes Olycan">Nicolaes Olycan</a>, Dutch businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bochart" title="Samuel Bochart">Samuel Bochart</a>, French Protestant biblical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Lucretia,_Duchess_of_Cieszyn" title="Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn">Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn</a>, Duchess suo jure of Cieszyn (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>, Spanish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Konoe_Nobuhiro" title="Konoe Nobuhiro">Konoe Nobuhiro</a>, Japanese court noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephanius" title="Stephanius">Stephanius</a>, Danish historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Duke_of_Saxe-Eisenach" title="Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach">Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach</a> (1640–1644) (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_II,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Bernburg" title="Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg">Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg</a> (1630–1656) (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Buxtorf_II" title="Johannes Buxtorf II">Johannes Buxtorf II</a>, Swiss theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ric_Casaubon" title="Méric Casaubon">Méric Casaubon</a>, English classicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego_L%C3%B3pez_Pacheco,_7th_Duke_of_Escalona" title="Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona">Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona</a>, Spanish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Marie_of_Hanau" title="Agatha Marie of Hanau">Agatha Marie of Hanau</a>, German noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Westerbaen" title="Jacob Westerbaen">Jacob Westerbaen</a>, Dutch poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian the Younger">Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel</a>, German Protestant military leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Olearius" title="Adam Olearius">Adam Olearius</a>, German scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Francesco Borromini</a>, Swiss sculptor and architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Seymour,_Duchess_of_Somerset" title="Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset">Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clarke_(minister)" title="Samuel Clarke (minister)">Samuel Clarke</a>, English writer and priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Moulini%C3%A9" title="Étienne Moulinié">Étienne Moulinié</a>, French Baroque composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_de_Fabert" title="Abraham de Fabert">Abraham de Fabert</a>, Marshal of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Graeff" title="Cornelis de Graeff">Cornelis de Graeff</a>, Dutch mayor (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_the_Incarnation_(Ursuline)" title="Marie of the Incarnation (Ursuline)">Marie of the Incarnation</a>, French foundress of the Ursuline Monastery in Quebec (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Denzil_Holles,_1st_Baron_Holles" title="Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles">Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles</a>, English statesman and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Emanuele_Madruzzo" title="Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo">Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo</a>, Italian prince-bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Eleonora_of_Brandenburg" title="Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg">Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg</a>, German princess and queen consort of Sweden (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Piccolomini" title="Ottavio Piccolomini">Ottavio Piccolomini</a>, Austrian-Italian field marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Christoph_von_Sparr" title="Otto Christoph von Sparr">Otto Christoph von Sparr</a>, German general (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Werner_Rolfinck" title="Werner Rolfinck">Werner Rolfinck</a>, German physician, chemist, botanist and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Heylin" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Heylin">Peter Heylin</a>, English ecclesiastic and author of many polemical works (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Sacchi" title="Andrea Sacchi">Andrea Sacchi</a>, Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bruce,_1st_Earl_of_Elgin" title="Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin">Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin</a>, Scottish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Daniell" title="Alexander Daniell">Alexander Daniell</a>, sole proprietor of the Manor of Alverton, Cornwall (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Codde" title="Pieter Codde">Pieter Codde</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1678" title="1678">1678</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Berkeley,_2nd_Viscount_Fitzhardinge" title="Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge">Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Vall%C3%A9e,_Sieur_Des_Barreaux" title="Jacques Vallée, Sieur Des Barreaux">Jacques Vallée, Sieur Des Barreaux</a>, French poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Niels_Trolle" title="Niels Trolle">Niels Trolle</a>, Governor General of Norway (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bucelin" title="Gabriel Bucelin">Gabriel Bucelin</a>, German historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Alden_(Pilgrim)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Alden (Pilgrim)">John Alden</a>, English settler of Plymouth Colony (d. <a href="/wiki/1687" title="1687">1687</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Czarniecki" title="Stefan Czarniecki">Stefan Czarniecki</a>, Polish military commander (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Hay,_Countess_of_Carlisle" title="Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle">Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle</a>, English courtier (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Stanley,_Countess_of_Derby" title="Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby">Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby</a> defender of Latham House (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirgalang" title="Jirgalang">Jirgalang</a>, Qing Dynasty prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>, <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>, <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>, <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>, <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>, <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>, <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>, <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>, <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a></div> 1590 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine-de-ricci.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Catherine-de-ricci.jpg/110px-Catherine-de-ricci.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Catherine-de-ricci.jpg/165px-Catherine-de-ricci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Catherine-de-ricci.jpg/220px-Catherine-de-ricci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Ricci" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de Ricci">Catherine de Ricci</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Sixtus_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Pope_Sixtus_V.jpg/110px-Pope_Sixtus_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Pope_Sixtus_V.jpg/165px-Pope_Sixtus_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Pope_Sixtus_V.jpg/220px-Pope_Sixtus_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urban_VII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Urban_VII.jpg/110px-Urban_VII.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Urban_VII.jpg/165px-Urban_VII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Urban_VII.jpg/220px-Urban_VII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VII" title="Pope Urban VII">Pope Urban VII</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Andreae" title="Jakob Andreae">Jakob Andreae</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Benedetti" title="Giambattista Benedetti">Giambattista Benedetti</a>, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Humphrey" title="Lawrence Humphrey">Lawrence Humphrey</a>, president of Magdalen College, Oxford (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Ricci" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine of Ricci">Catherine of Ricci</a>, Catholic prioress and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gioseffo_Zarlino" title="Gioseffo Zarlino">Gioseffo Zarlino</a>, Italian music theorist and composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1517" title="1517">1517</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hotman" title="François Hotman">François Hotman</a>, French Protestant lawyer and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Parry" title="Blanche Parry">Blanche Parry</a>, personal attendant to Elizabeth I of England (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1508" title="1508">1508</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Asahi_no_kata" title="Asahi no kata">Asahi no kata</a>, Japanese lady, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>'s half-sister (b. <a href="/wiki/1543" title="1543">1543</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_IV,_Count_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Philipp IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Philipp IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Dudley,_3rd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick">Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick</a>, English nobleman and general (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Hedwig_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg">Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg</a>, by marriage countess of Hesse-Marburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Saxony" title="Elisabeth of Saxony">Elisabeth of Saxony</a>, Countess Palatine of Simmern (b. <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Walsingham" title="Francis Walsingham">Francis Walsingham</a>, English spymaster (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_de_Bourbon_(born_1523)" title="Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (born 1523)">Charles de Bourbon</a> French cardinal and pretender to the throne (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hori_Hidemasa" title="Hori Hidemasa">Hori Hidemasa</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maha_Thammaracha_(king_of_Ayutthaya)" title="Maha Thammaracha (king of Ayutthaya)">Maha Thammaracha</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II, Archduke of Austria</a>, regent of Inner Austria (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg_(1563%E2%80%931590)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophie of Württemberg (1563–1590) (page does not exist)">Sophie of Württemberg</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Ujimasa" title="Hōjō Ujimasa">Hōjō Ujimasa</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Ujiteru" title="Hōjō Ujiteru">Hōjō Ujiteru</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>？)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_III,_Margrave_of_Baden-Hachberg" title="James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg">James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1562" title="1562">1562</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>)<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Magdalena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Magdalena of Austria">Archduchess Magdalena of Austria</a>, Member of the House of Habsburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_T%C3%A9llez-Gir%C3%B3n,_1st_Duke_of_Osuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Téllez-Girón, 1st Duke of Osuna">Pedro Téllez-Girón, 1st Duke of Osuna</a>, Spanish duke (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lodovico_Agostini" title="Lodovico Agostini">Lodovico Agostini</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VII" title="Pope Urban VII">Pope Urban VII</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Sixtus-14">[14]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cujas" title="Jacques Cujas">Jacques Cujas</a>, French legal expert (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Eitoku" title="Kanō Eitoku">Kanō Eitoku</a>, Japanese painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1543" title="1543">1543</a>)<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Anna_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Anna of Austria">Archduchess Anna of Austria</a>, Duchess of Bavaria (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a>, Franciscan missionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dirck_Volckertszoon_Coornhert" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert">Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert</a>, Dutch politician and theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Talbot,_6th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury">George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury</a>, English statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Zanchi" title="Girolamo Zanchi">Girolamo Zanchi</a>, Italian theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Nicodemus_Frischlin" title="Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin">Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin</a>, German philologist and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Par%C3%A9" title="Ambroise Paré">Ambroise Paré</a>, French surgeon (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Philibert_de_Lalaing" title="Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing">Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing</a>, Belgian noble and army commander (b. <a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bobadilla" title="Nicholas Bobadilla">Nicholas Bobadilla</a>, one of the first Spanish Jesuits (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marietta_Robusti" title="Marietta Robusti">Marietta Robusti</a>, Venetian Renaissance painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a> or <a href="/wiki/1560" title="1560">1560</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Dudley" title="Roger Dudley">Roger Dudley</a>, British soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorley_Boy_MacDonnell" title="Sorley Boy MacDonnell">Sorley Boy MacDonnell</a>, Irish chieftain (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Pomar" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Bautista de Pomar">Juan Bautista de Pomar</a>, Spanish colonial historian and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Salvaresso" title="Catherine Salvaresso">Catherine Salvaresso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachian</a> regent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddalena_Casulana" title="Maddalena Casulana">Maddalena Casulana</a>, Italian composer, lutenist and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1544" title="1544">1544</a>)</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Palissy" title="Bernard Palissy">Bernard Palissy</a>, French potter (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>) 1591 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_School_%E2%80%93_Portrait_of_Pope_Gregory_XIV_(16th_Century).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Roman_School_%E2%80%93_Portrait_of_Pope_Gregory_XIV_%2816th_Century%29.jpg/110px-Roman_School_%E2%80%93_Portrait_of_Pope_Gregory_XIV_%2816th_Century%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Roman_School_%E2%80%93_Portrait_of_Pope_Gregory_XIV_%2816th_Century%29.jpg/165px-Roman_School_%E2%80%93_Portrait_of_Pope_Gregory_XIV_%2816th_Century%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Roman_School_%E2%80%93_Portrait_of_Pope_Gregory_XIV_%2816th_Century%29.jpg/220px-Roman_School_%E2%80%93_Portrait_of_Pope_Gregory_XIV_%2816th_Century%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Pope Gregory XIV</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurbar%C3%A1n_(atribuido)-John_of_the_Cross-1656.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Zurbar%C3%A1n_%28atribuido%29-John_of_the_Cross-1656.jpg/110px-Zurbar%C3%A1n_%28atribuido%29-John_of_the_Cross-1656.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Zurbar%C3%A1n_%28atribuido%29-John_of_the_Cross-1656.jpg/165px-Zurbar%C3%A1n_%28atribuido%29-John_of_the_Cross-1656.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Zurbar%C3%A1n_%28atribuido%29-John_of_the_Cross-1656.jpg/220px-Zurbar%C3%A1n_%28atribuido%29-John_of_the_Cross-1656.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._John_of_the_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Pope_Innocent_IX_(Fidenza_Cathedral_Museum_-_Museo_del_Duomo_di_Fidenza,_Fidenza)_%E2%80%93_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Portrait_of_Pope_Innocent_IX_%28Fidenza_Cathedral_Museum_-_Museo_del_Duomo_di_Fidenza%2C_Fidenza%29_%E2%80%93_edited.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_Pope_Innocent_IX_%28Fidenza_Cathedral_Museum_-_Museo_del_Duomo_di_Fidenza%2C_Fidenza%29_%E2%80%93_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Portrait_of_Pope_Innocent_IX_%28Fidenza_Cathedral_Museum_-_Museo_del_Duomo_di_Fidenza%2C_Fidenza%29_%E2%80%93_edited.jpg/165px-Portrait_of_Pope_Innocent_IX_%28Fidenza_Cathedral_Museum_-_Museo_del_Duomo_di_Fidenza%2C_Fidenza%29_%E2%80%93_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Portrait_of_Pope_Innocent_IX_%28Fidenza_Cathedral_Museum_-_Museo_del_Duomo_di_Fidenza%2C_Fidenza%29_%E2%80%93_edited.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Pope_Innocent_IX_%28Fidenza_Cathedral_Museum_-_Museo_del_Duomo_di_Fidenza%2C_Fidenza%29_%E2%80%93_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2865" data-file-height="3677" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IX" title="Pope Innocent IX">Pope Innocent IX</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Sophia_of_Prussia" title="Anna Sophia of Prussia">Anna Sophia of Prussia</a>, Duchess of Prussia and Duchess of Mecklenburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hidenaga" title="Toyotomi Hidenaga">Toyotomi Hidenaga</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vespasiano_I_Gonzaga" title="Vespasiano I Gonzaga">Vespasiano I Gonzaga</a>, Italian noble and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jost_Amman" title="Jost Amman">Jost Amman</a>, Swiss printmaker (b. <a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emilie_of_Saxony" title="Emilie of Saxony">Emilie of Saxony</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sen_no_Riky%C5%AB" title="Sen no Rikyū">Sen no Rikyū</a>, Japanese exponent of the tea ceremony (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cecil,_16th_Baroness_de_Ros" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros">Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros</a>, English noblewoman (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsarevich_Dmitry_Ivanovich_of_Russia_(born_1582)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (born 1582)">Tsarevich Dimitri</a>, of Russia (b. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Gonzaga" title="Aloysius Gonzaga">Aloysius Gonzaga</a>, Italian Jesuit and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Galilei" title="Vincenzo Galilei">Vincenzo Galilei</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Hesse" title="Anna of Hesse">Anna of Hesse</a>, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken (b. <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Gallus" title="Jacobus Gallus">Jacobus Gallus Carniolus</a>, Slovenian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Ponce de León">Luis Ponce de León</a>, Spanish lyric poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Katheryn_of_Berain" title="Katheryn of Berain">Katheryn of Berain</a>, Welsh noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Sudermann" title="Heinrich Sudermann">Heinrich Sudermann</a>, German politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Grenville" title="Richard Grenville">Richard Grenville</a>, English soldier and explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1542" title="1542">1542</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Orozco_Mena" title="Alonso de Orozco Mena">Alonso de Orozco Mena</a>, Spanish Catholic priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_I,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Christian I, Elector of Saxony">Christian I, Elector of Saxony</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1560" title="1560">1560</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – Count <a href="/wiki/Johan_II_of_East_Frisia" title="Johan II of East Frisia">Johan II of East Frisia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duke_Otto_Henry_of_Brunswick-Harburg" title="Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Harburg">Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Harburg</a>, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Pope Gregory XIV</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hatton" title="Christopher Hatton">Christopher Hatton</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">Saint John of the Cross</a>, Spanish Carmelite friar and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1542" title="1542">1542</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marigje_Arriens" title="Marigje Arriens">Marigje Arriens</a>, Dutch woman executed for witchcraft (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IX" title="Pope Innocent IX">Pope Innocent IX</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_Dare" title="Ananias Dare">Ananias Dare</a>, father of <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Dare" title="Virginia Dare">Virginia Dare</a>, (b. circa 1560)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Dare" title="Virginia Dare">Virginia Dare</a>, first English child born in America, (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>) (Unverified)</li> <li>(by February 6) – <a href="/wiki/Crispin_van_den_Broeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Crispin van den Broeck">Crispin van den Broeck</a>, Flemish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Erskine_of_Dun" title="John Erskine of Dun">John Erskine of Dun</a>, Scottish religious reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_Franco" title="Veronica Franco">Veronica Franco</a>, Italian poet and courtesan (b. <a href="/wiki/1546" title="1546">1546</a>)</li></ul> 1592 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LienzoS_Pascual.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/LienzoS_Pascual.jpg/110px-LienzoS_Pascual.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/LienzoS_Pascual.jpg/165px-LienzoS_Pascual.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/LienzoS_Pascual.jpg/220px-LienzoS_Pascual.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Baylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paschal Baylon">Paschal Baylon</a> died on May 17, 1592</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_III_of_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/John_III_of_Sweden.jpg/110px-John_III_of_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/John_III_of_Sweden.jpg/165px-John_III_of_Sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/John_III_of_Sweden.jpg/220px-John_III_of_Sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="1207" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III of Sweden</a> died on November 17, 1592</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a>, German nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Austria,_Queen_of_France" title="Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France">Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1554" title="1554">1554</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gian_Paolo_Lomazzo" title="Gian Paolo Lomazzo">Gian Paolo Lomazzo</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ana_de_Mendoza,_Princess_of_Eboli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Eboli">Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Eboli</a>, Spanish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">February 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Striggio" title="Alessandro Striggio">Alessandro Striggio</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" title="Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg">Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg</a> and administrator of Ratzeburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michiel_Coxie" title="Michiel Coxie">Michiel Coxie</a>, Flemish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_VII,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann VII, Duke of Mecklenburg">Johann VII, Duke of Mecklenburg</a>, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1576–1592) (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Susanne_of_Simmern" title="Dorothea Susanne of Simmern">Dorothea Susanne of Simmern</a>, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar (b. <a href="/wiki/1544" title="1544">1544</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Ammannati" title="Bartolomeo Ammannati">Bartolomeo Ammannati</a>, Italian architect and sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_John_I,_Count_Palatine_of_Veldenz" title="George John I, Count Palatine of Veldenz">George John I, Count Palatine of Veldenz</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1543" title="1543">1543</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoph,_Count_of_Hohenzollern-Haigerloch" title="Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch">Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Baylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paschal Baylon">Paschal Baylon</a>, Spanish mystic and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Selnecker" title="Nikolaus Selnecker">Nikolaus Selnecker</a>, German musician (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig,_Duke_of_Pomerania" title="Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania">Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marc%27Antonio_Ingegneri" title="Marc'Antonio Ingegneri">Marc'Antonio Ingegneri</a>, Italian composer (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Bassano_the_Younger" title="Francesco Bassano the Younger">Francesco Bassano the Younger</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_George_of_Ohlau" title="John George of Ohlau">John George of Ohlau</a>, Duke of Oława and Wołów (1586–1592) (b. <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sibylle_of_Saxony" title="Sibylle of Saxony">Sibylle of Saxony</a>, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1515" title="1515">1515</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Rabus" title="Ludwig Rabus">Ludwig Rabus</a>, German martyrologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Armand_de_Gontaut,_baron_de_Biron" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron">Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron</a>, French soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_the_Younger,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a> (or Hesse-Cassel) (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Toshihisa" title="Shimazu Toshihisa">Shimazu Toshihisa</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Greene_(dramatist)" title="Robert Greene (dramatist)">Robert Greene</a>, English writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Michel de Montaigne</a>, French essayist (b. <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a>)<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Vall%C3%A9s" title="Francisco Vallés">Francisco Vallés</a>, Spanish physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Vendeville" title="Jean Vendeville">Jean Vendeville</a>, law professor, Roman Catholic bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Browne,_1st_Viscount_Montagu" title="Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu">Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ogier_Ghiselin_de_Busbecq" title="Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq">Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq</a>, Flemish diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – King <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III of Sweden</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nakagawa_Hidemasa" title="Nakagawa Hidemasa">Nakagawa Hidemasa</a>, Japanese military commander (b. <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)</li> <li> Date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderata_Fonte" title="Moderata Fonte">Moderata Fonte</a>, Italian poet, writer and philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sarmiento_de_Gamboa" title="Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa">Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa</a>, Spanish explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharina_Gerlachin" title="Katharina Gerlachin">Katharina Gerlachin</a>, German printer (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Muziano" title="Girolamo Muziano">Girolamo Muziano</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1593 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Ogimachi3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Emperor_Ogimachi3.jpg/110px-Emperor_Ogimachi3.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Emperor_Ogimachi3.jpg/165px-Emperor_Ogimachi3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Emperor_Ogimachi3.jpg/220px-Emperor_Ogimachi3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ogimachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Ogimachi">Emperor Ogimachi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Marlowe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Christopher_Marlowe.jpg/110px-Christopher_Marlowe.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Christopher_Marlowe.jpg/165px-Christopher_Marlowe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Christopher_Marlowe.jpg/220px-Christopher_Marlowe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Marlowe_portrait" title="Marlowe portrait">Marlowe portrait</a>, often claimed to be <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>, playwright</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mingyi_Swa" title="Mingyi Swa">Mingyi Swa</a>, Burmese crown prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Scipione_Gonzaga" title="Scipione Gonzaga">Scipione Gonzaga</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1542" title="1542">1542</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Amyot" title="Jacques Amyot">Jacques Amyot</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1513" title="1513">1513</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Emperor Ōgimachi</a> of Japan (b. <a href="/wiki/1517" title="1517">1517</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Luther" title="Paul Luther">Paul Luther</a>, German scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Barrowe" title="Henry Barrowe">Henry Barrowe</a>, English Puritan and separatist (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Greenwood_(Puritan)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Greenwood (Puritan)">John Greenwood</a>, English Puritan and separatist (hanged) (b. <a href="/wiki/1556" title="1556">1556</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Harrison_(priest)" title="William Harrison (priest)">William Harrison</a>, English clergyman (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Penry" title="John Penry">John Penry</a>, Welsh Protestant (hanged) (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>)<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>, English poet and playwright (murdered) (b. <a href="/wiki/1564" title="1564">1564</a>)<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Katarina_Bengtsdotter_Gylta" class="mw-redirect" title="Katarina Bengtsdotter Gylta">Katarina Bengtsdotter Gylta</a>, Swedish abbess (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michele_Mercati" title="Michele Mercati">Michele Mercati</a>, Italian physician and botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Min_Phalaung" title="Min Phalaung">Min Phalaung</a>, Burmese monarch (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Arcimboldo" title="Giuseppe Arcimboldo">Giuseppe Arcimboldo</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1526" title="1526">1526</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_von_Auersperg" title="Andreas von Auersperg">Andreas von Auersperg</a>, Carniolan noble and military commander in the battle of Sisak (b. <a href="/wiki/1556" title="1556">1556</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stanley,_4th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby">Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby</a>, English nobleman, diplomat and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B3mez_P%C3%A9rez_Dasmari%C3%B1as" title="Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas">Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas</a>, Spanish colonial administrator (murdered) (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Count_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="Albert, Count of Nassau-Weilburg">Albert, Count of Nassau-Weilburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bol" title="Hans Bol">Hans Bol</a>, Flemish artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeong_Cheol" title="Jeong Cheol">Jeong Cheol</a>, Korean administrator and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1536" title="1536">1536</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kosi%C5%84ski" title="Krzysztof Kosiński">Krzysztof Kosiński</a>, Polish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shizhen" title="Li Shizhen">Li Shizhen</a>, Chinese physician, pharmacologist, and mineralogist (b. <a href="/wiki/1518" title="1518">1518</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1594 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tintorettoselfportrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tintorettoselfportrait.jpg/110px-Tintorettoselfportrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tintorettoselfportrait.jpg/165px-Tintorettoselfportrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tintorettoselfportrait.jpg/220px-Tintorettoselfportrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="1251" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Martin_Frobisher_by_Cornelis_Ketel.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Martin_Frobisher_by_Cornelis_Ketel.jpeg/110px-Sir_Martin_Frobisher_by_Cornelis_Ketel.jpeg" decoding="async" width="110" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Martin_Frobisher_by_Cornelis_Ketel.jpeg/165px-Sir_Martin_Frobisher_by_Cornelis_Ketel.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Martin_Frobisher_by_Cornelis_Ketel.jpeg/220px-Sir_Martin_Frobisher_by_Cornelis_Ketel.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1609" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mercator.jpg/110px-Mercator.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mercator.jpg/165px-Mercator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mercator.jpg/220px-Mercator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Mercator" title="Gerardus Mercator">Gerardus Mercator</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>February – <a href="/wiki/Barnabe_Googe" title="Barnabe Googe">Barnabe Googe</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Palatine_Elisabeth_of_Simmern-Sponheim" title="Countess Palatine Elisabeth of Simmern-Sponheim">Countess Palatine Elisabeth of Simmern-Sponheim</a>, Duchess of Saxony (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Stanley,_5th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby">Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>), second in line to the throne of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a><a href="#cite_note-Lefranc1988-181">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cooper_(bishop)" title="Thomas Cooper (bishop)">Thomas Cooper</a>, English bishop, lexicographer, and writer (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1517" title="1517">1517</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Atslowe" title="Edward Atslowe">Edward Atslowe</a>, English physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_de_La_Marck" title="Charlotte de La Marck">Charlotte de La Marck</a>, French duchess (b. <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1lint_Balassi" title="Bálint Balassi">Bálint Balassi</a>, Hungarian writer and noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1554" title="1554">1554</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1518" title="1518">1518</a>)<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Panigarola" title="Francesco Panigarola">Francesco Panigarola</a>, Italian bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1548" title="1548">1548</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Aylmer_(bishop)" title="John Aylmer (bishop)">John Aylmer</a>, English divine (b. <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_L%C3%B3pez_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodrigo López (physician)">Rodrigo Lopez</a>, Queen Elizabeth's physician (executed for treason) (b. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orlande_de_Lassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlande de Lassus">Orlande de Lassus</a>, Flemish composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaas" title="Niels Kaas">Niels Kaas</a>, Danish chancellor (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li>July – <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Mei" title="Girolamo Mei">Girolamo Mei</a>, Italian historian and humanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Bellasio" title="Paolo Bellasio">Paolo Bellasio</a>, Italian composer and organist (b. <a href="/wiki/1554" title="1554">1554</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Eleanor_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Eleanor of Austria">Archduchess Eleanor of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Goemon" title="Ishikawa Goemon">Ishikawa Goemon</a>, Japanese ninja and thief (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(cardinal)" title="William Allen (cardinal)">William Allen</a>, English cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a>, British explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Quiroga_y_Vela" title="Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela">Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela</a>, General Inquisitor of Spain (b. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ercilla_y_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga" class="mw-redirect" title="Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga">Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga</a>, Basque soldier and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Mercator" title="Gerardus Mercator">Gerardus Mercator</a>, Flemish-German cartographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Allison_Balfour" title="Allison Balfour">Allison Balfour</a>, alleged Scottish witch</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Johnson_(composer)" title="John Johnson (composer)">John Johnson</a>, English lutenist and composer (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kyd" title="Thomas Kyd">Thomas Kyd</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Tragedy" title="The Spanish Tragedy">The Spanish Tragedy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1595 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg/110px-Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg/165px-Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg/220px-Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1591" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torquato_Tasso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Torquato_Tasso.jpg/110px-Torquato_Tasso.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Torquato_Tasso.jpg/165px-Torquato_Tasso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Torquato_Tasso.jpg/220px-Torquato_Tasso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Torquato_Tasso" title="Torquato Tasso">Torquato Tasso</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FNeri.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/FNeri.gif/110px-FNeri.gif" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/FNeri.gif/165px-FNeri.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/FNeri.gif/220px-FNeri.gif 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magnus_of_Sweden_(1542)_c_1580.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Magnus_of_Sweden_%281542%29_c_1580.jpg/110px-Magnus_of_Sweden_%281542%29_c_1580.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Magnus_of_Sweden_%281542%29_c_1580.jpg/165px-Magnus_of_Sweden_%281542%29_c_1580.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Magnus_of_Sweden_%281542%29_c_1580.jpg/220px-Magnus_of_Sweden_%281542%29_c_1580.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Magnus,_Duke_of_%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Magnus, Duke of Östergötland">Magnus, Duke of Östergötland</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ieremias_II_Tranos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ieremias_II_Tranos.JPG/110px-Ieremias_II_Tranos.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ieremias_II_Tranos.JPG/165px-Ieremias_II_Tranos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ieremias_II_Tranos.JPG/220px-Ieremias_II_Tranos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1455" /></a><figcaption>Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Jeremias II of Constantinople</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neyra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Alvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neyra.png/110px-Alvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neyra.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Alvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neyra.png/165px-Alvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neyra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Alvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neyra.png/220px-Alvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neyra.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neira" title="Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira">Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbara_of_Brandenburg,_Duchess_of_Brieg" title="Barbara of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brieg">Barbara of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brieg</a>, German princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1546" title="1546">1546</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria</a>, regent of Tyrol and Further Austria (b. <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)</li> <li>February – <a href="/wiki/William_Painter_(author)" title="William Painter (author)">William Painter</a>, English translator (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">Archduke Ernest of Austria</a>, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (b. <a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Southwell_(jesuit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Southwell (jesuit)">Robert Southwell</a>, Jesuit priest and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Torquato_Tasso" title="Torquato Tasso">Torquato Tasso</a>, Italian poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1544" title="1544">1544</a>)<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugues_Loubenx_de_Verdalle" title="Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle">Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle</a>, Cardinal and 52nd Grandmaster of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang,_Duke_of_Brunswick-Grubenhagen" title="Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen">Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Saxony" title="John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony">John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valens_Acidalius" title="Valens Acidalius">Valens Acidalius</a>, German critic and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1567" title="1567">1567</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1515" title="1515">1515</a>)<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Carrion" title="Louis Carrion">Louis Carrion</a>, Flemish humanist and classical scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magnus,_Duke_of_%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Magnus, Duke of Östergötland">Magnus, Duke of Östergötland</a>, Swedish prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1542" title="1542">1542</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Udai Singh of Marwar">Udai Singh of Marwar</a>, Ruler of Marwar (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thoinot_Arbeau" title="Thoinot Arbeau">Thoinot Arbeau</a>, French priest and author (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Digges" title="Thomas Digges">Thomas Digges</a>, English astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1546" title="1546">1546</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio,_Prior_of_Crato" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio, Prior of Crato">Antonio, Prior of Crato</a>, claimant to the throne of Portugal (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Nassau" title="Philip of Nassau">Philip of Nassau</a>, Count of Nassau (b. <a href="/wiki/1566" title="1566">1566</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Jeremias II of Constantinople</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Faizi" title="Faizi">Faizi</a>, Indo-Persian poet and scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Menda%C3%B1a_de_Neira" title="Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira">Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira</a>, Spanish navigator and explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1542" title="1542">1542</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Howard,_20th_Earl_of_Arundel" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel">Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel</a>, English nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Nevers" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers">Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers</a>, Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cattani_da_Diacceto_(1531%E2%80%931595)" title="Francesco Cattani da Diacceto (1531–1595)">Francesco Cattani da Diacceto</a>, Bishop of Fiesole (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_Barahona_de_Soto" title="Luis Barahona de Soto">Luis Barahona de Soto</a>, Spanish poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1548" title="1548">1548</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hawkins_(naval_commander)" title="John Hawkins (naval commander)">John Hawkins</a>, English shipbuilder and trader (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clara_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, Abbess of Gandersheim and Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipe_de_Cro%C3%BF,_Duke_of_Aerschot" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipe de Croÿ, Duke of Aerschot">Philipe de Croÿ, Duke of Aerschot</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1526" title="1526">1526</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hastings,_3rd_Earl_of_Huntingdon" title="Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon">Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Branicki" title="Grzegorz Branicki">Grzegorz Branicki</a>, Polish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Antonia" title="Helena Antonia">Helena Antonia</a>, court dwarf (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turlough_Luineach_O%27Neill" class="mw-redirect" title="Turlough Luineach O'Neill">Turlough Luineach O'Neill</a>, Irish chief of Tyrone (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sempill_the_elder" title="Robert Sempill the elder">Robert Sempill</a>, Scottish ballad-writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Whythorne" title="Thomas Whythorne">Thomas Whythorne</a>, English author and musician (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1596 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gheeraerts_Francis_Drake_1591.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gheeraerts_Francis_Drake_1591.jpg/110px-Gheeraerts_Francis_Drake_1591.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gheeraerts_Francis_Drake_1591.jpg/165px-Gheeraerts_Francis_Drake_1591.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gheeraerts_Francis_Drake_1591.jpg/220px-Gheeraerts_Francis_Drake_1591.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1933" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hattori_Hanzo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hattori_Hanzo.jpg/110px-Hattori_Hanzo.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hattori_Hanzo.jpg/165px-Hattori_Hanzo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hattori_Hanzo.jpg/220px-Hattori_Hanzo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Hattori Hanzō</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, English explorer, sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, pirate and politician (b. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_I,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt">George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Sylburg" title="Friedrich Sylburg">Friedrich Sylburg</a>, German classical scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1536" title="1536">1536</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blaise_de_Vigen%C3%A8re" title="Blaise de Vigenère">Blaise de Vigenère</a>, French cryptographer, diplomat, scientist, and author (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Unton" title="Henry Unton">Henry Unton</a>, English diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Liegnitz" title="Frederick IV of Liegnitz">Frederick IV of Liegnitz</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Brunswick-Grubenhagen" title="Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen">Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – <a href="/wiki/Janet_Fockart" title="Janet Fockart">Janet Fockart</a>, Scottish merchant and moneylender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Lorraine_(1552%E2%80%931596)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de Lorraine (1552–1596)">Catherine de Montpensier</a>, politically active French duchess (b. <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giaches_de_Wert" title="Giaches de Wert">Giaches de Wert</a>, Flemish composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Lesley" title="John Lesley">John Lesley</a>, Scottish bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Louis_I,_Count_of_Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein" title="John Louis I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein">John Louis I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein</a>, Germany noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1567" title="1567">1567</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Alberti" title="Alessandro Alberti">Alessandro Alberti</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1551" title="1551">1551</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Carey,_1st_Baron_Hunsdon" title="Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon">Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1526" title="1526">1526</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hamnet_Shakespeare" title="Hamnet Shakespeare">Hamnet Shakespeare</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Jagiellon" title="Anna Jagiellon">Anna Jagiellon</a>, queen of Poland (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Toledo_(Jesuit)" title="Francisco de Toledo (Jesuit)">Francisco de Toledo</a>, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Rauwolf" title="Leonhard Rauwolf">Leonhard Rauwolf</a>, German physician and botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Florent_Chrestien" title="Florent Chrestien">Florent Chrestien</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Esterh%C3%A1zy_(1572%E2%80%931596)" title="István Esterházy (1572–1596)">István Esterházy</a>, Hungarian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pithou" title="Pierre Pithou">Pierre Pithou</a>, French lawyer and scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a>)<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wentworth" title="Peter Wentworth">Peter Wentworth</a>, English Puritan politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibson_(martyr)" title="William Gibson (martyr)">William Gibson (martyr)</a>, English Catholic martyr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Knight_(martyr)" title="William Knight (martyr)">Venerable William Knight</a>, English Catholic martyr (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisca_Nu%C3%B1ez_de_Carabajal" title="Francisca Nuñez de Carabajal">Francisca Nuñez de Carabajal</a>, Portuguese-born <a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">marrano</a>, burned at the stake</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Pontio" title="Pietro Pontio">Pietro Pontio</a>, Italian music theorist and composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Jean Bodin</a>, French jurist (born <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wecker" title="Anna Wecker">Anna Wecker</a>, German writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattori_Hanz%C5%8D" title="Hattori Hanzō">Hattori Hanzō</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Ninja" title="Ninja">ninja</a> under <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>probable – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Willobie" title="Henry Willobie">Henry Willobie</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)</li></ul> 1597 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barents.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Barents.jpg/100px-Barents.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Barents.jpg/150px-Barents.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Barents.jpg/200px-Barents.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Willem Barentsz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Kelly_prophet_or_seer_to_Dr_Dee_02355.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Edward_Kelly_prophet_or_seer_to_Dr_Dee_02355.jpg/110px-Edward_Kelly_prophet_or_seer_to_Dr_Dee_02355.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Edward_Kelly_prophet_or_seer_to_Dr_Dee_02355.jpg/165px-Edward_Kelly_prophet_or_seer_to_Dr_Dee_02355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Edward_Kelly_prophet_or_seer_to_Dr_Dee_02355.jpg/220px-Edward_Kelly_prophet_or_seer_to_Dr_Dee_02355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kelley" title="Edward Kelley">Edward Kelley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg/110px-Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg/165px-Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg/220px-Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap" title="Maharana Pratap">Maharana Pratap</a>, Indian statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Ammerbach" title="Elias Ammerbach">Elias Ammerbach</a>, German organist (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Burbage" title="James Burbage">James Burbage</a>, English actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Blanco_(martyr)" title="Francisco Blanco (martyr)">Francisco Blanco</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonsalo_Garcia" title="Gonsalo Garcia">Gonsalo Garcia</a>, Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Miki" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulo Miki">Paulo Miki</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, martyr and saint (b. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/1562" title="1562">1562</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Jesus" title="Philip of Jesus">Philip of Jesus</a>, Mexican <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_Martyrs_of_Japan" title="26 Martyrs of Japan">26 Martyrs of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Patricius" title="Franciscus Patricius">Franciscus Patricius</a>, Italian philosopher and scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9brard" title="Gilbert Génébrard">Gilbert Génébrard</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> archbishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Brooke,_10th_Baron_Cobham" title="William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham">William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham</a>, English noble and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blas_Valera" title="Blas Valera">Blas Valera</a>, Peruvian historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Cruciger_the_Younger" title="Caspar Cruciger the Younger">Caspar Cruciger the Younger</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Hunnis" title="William Hunnis">William Hunnis</a>, English poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbara_of_Hesse" title="Barbara of Hesse">Barbara of Hesse</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1536" title="1536">1536</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Anchieta" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Anchieta">José de Anchieta</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Markus_Fugger" title="Markus Fugger">Markus Fugger</a>, German businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willem_Barents" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem Barents">Willem Barents</a>, Dutch navigator and explorer (b. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Fr%C3%B3is" title="Luís Fróis">Luís Fróis</a>, Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gunilla_Bielke" title="Gunilla Bielke">Gunilla Bielke</a>, Queen of Sweden (b. <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Raphelengius" title="Franciscus Raphelengius">Franciscus Raphelengius</a>, Dutch printer (b. <a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Paleotti" title="Gabriele Paleotti">Gabriele Paleotti</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Won_Gyun" title="Won Gyun">Won Gyun</a>, Korean general and admiral during the Joseon Dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Eokgi" title="Yi Eokgi">Yi Eokgi</a>, Korean admiral during the Joseon Dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jakobea_of_Baden" title="Jakobea of Baden">Jakobea of Baden</a>, Margravine of Baden by birth, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Helena_Magenbuch" title="Helena Magenbuch">Helena Magenbuch</a>, German pharmacist (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Gregoria_Maximiliana_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria">Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria</a>, Austrian archduchess (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_I,_Count_of_Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen" title="William I, Count of Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen">William I, Count of Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sarsa_Dengel" title="Sarsa Dengel">Sarsa Dengel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor of Ethiopia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshiaki" title="Ashikaga Yoshiaki">Ashikaga Yoshiaki</a>, Japanese shōgun (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cyriakus_Schneegass" title="Cyriakus Schneegass">Cyriakus Schneegass</a>, German hymnwriter (b. <a href="/wiki/1546" title="1546">1546</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara">Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara</a>, Italian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kelley" title="Edward Kelley">Edward Kelley</a>, English spirit medium (b. <a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg">Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Catherine_Michelle_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain">Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1567" title="1567">1567</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Count_Palatine_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein" title="Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein">Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Canisius" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus Canisius">Petrus Canisius</a>, Dutch <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> priest and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>)<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Coppier" title="Margaretha Coppier">Margaretha Coppier</a>, Dutch heroine (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)</li></ul> 1598 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feodor_I_of_Russia_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Feodor_I_of_Russia_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20880.jpg/110px-Feodor_I_of_Russia_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20880.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Feodor_I_of_Russia_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20880.jpg/165px-Feodor_I_of_Russia_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Feodor_I_of_Russia_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20880.jpg/220px-Feodor_I_of_Russia_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Tsar <a href="/wiki/Feodor_I_of_Russia" title="Feodor I of Russia">Feodor I of Russia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_II_portrait_by_Titian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Philip_II_portrait_by_Titian.jpg/110px-Philip_II_portrait_by_Titian.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Philip_II_portrait_by_Titian.jpg/165px-Philip_II_portrait_by_Titian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Philip_II_portrait_by_Titian.jpg/220px-Philip_II_portrait_by_Titian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4278" data-file-height="5433" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_c1598_Kodai-ji_Temple.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_c1598_Kodai-ji_Temple.png/110px-Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_c1598_Kodai-ji_Temple.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_c1598_Kodai-ji_Temple.png/165px-Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_c1598_Kodai-ji_Temple.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_c1598_Kodai-ji_Temple.png/220px-Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_c1598_Kodai-ji_Temple.png 2x" data-file-width="1429" data-file-height="1429" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YiSunsin_person.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/YiSunsin_person.jpg/110px-YiSunsin_person.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/YiSunsin_person.jpg/165px-YiSunsin_person.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/YiSunsin_person.jpg/220px-YiSunsin_person.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_George,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="John George, Elector of Brandenburg">John George, Elector of Brandenburg</a>, Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (b. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Heywood" title="Jasper Heywood">Jasper Heywood</a>, English Jesuit classicist and translator (b. <a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – Tsar <a href="/wiki/Feodor_I_of_Russia" title="Feodor I of Russia">Feodor I of Russia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a>)<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland">Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> or <a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Maius" title="Lucas Maius">Lucas Maius</a>, Lutheran Reformation pastor, theologian and playwright (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michele_Bonelli" title="Michele Bonelli">Michele Bonelli</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Helmbold" title="Ludwig Helmbold">Ludwig Helmbold</a>, German classical singer (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Mazzoni" title="Jacopo Mazzoni">Jacopo Mazzoni</a>, Italian philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1548" title="1548">1548</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fugger" title="Hans Fugger">Hans Fugger</a>, German businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokkaku_Yoshikata" title="Rokkaku Yoshikata">Rokkaku Yoshikata</a>, Japanese daimyō (b. <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Guarini" title="Anna Guarini">Anna Guarini</a>, Italian singer (b. <a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_of_Bavaria" title="Philipp of Bavaria">Philipp of Bavaria</a>, German Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>)</li> <li>June – <a href="/wiki/Emery_Molyneux" title="Emery Molyneux">Emery Molyneux</a>, English maker of globes and instruments (date of birth unknown)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ortelius" title="Abraham Ortelius">Abraham Ortelius</a>, Flemish cartographer and geographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Gaggini" class="mw-redirect" title="Giacomo Gaggini">Giacomo Gaggini</a>, Italian artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1517" title="1517">1517</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley</a>, English statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Angelus" title="Andreas Angelus">Andreas Angelus</a>, German pastor, teacher, chronicler of the Mark of Brandenburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Camerarius_the_Younger" title="Joachim Camerarius the Younger">Joachim Camerarius the Younger</a>, German scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Schenck_von_Grafenberg" title="Johannes Schenck von Grafenberg">Johannes Schenck von Grafenberg</a>, German physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Paruta" title="Paolo Paruta">Paolo Paruta</a>, Italian historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philips_of_Marnix,_Lord_of_Saint-Aldegonde" title="Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde">Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde</a>, Dutch writer and statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a>, Korean naval leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rantzau" title="Heinrich Rantzau">Heinrich Rantzau</a>, German humanist writer, astrologer, and astrological writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1526" title="1526">1526</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Khan_II" title="Abdullah Khan II">Abdulla Khan</a>, Uzbek/Turkoman ruler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodora_Gin%C3%A9s" title="Teodora Ginés">Teodora Ginés</a>, Dominican musician and composer (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li>Nicolas Pithou, French lawyer and author (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1599 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornelis_de_Houtman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cornelis_de_Houtman.jpg/110px-Cornelis_de_Houtman.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cornelis_de_Houtman.jpg/165px-Cornelis_de_Houtman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cornelis_de_Houtman.jpg/220px-Cornelis_de_Houtman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Houtman" title="Cornelis de Houtman">Cornelis de Houtman</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Bathory,_polsk_biskop_(1589-99),_m%C3%A5lad_1688-1703_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_98170.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Andreas_Bathory%2C_polsk_biskop_%281589-99%29%2C_m%C3%A5lad_1688-1703_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_98170.tif/lossless-page1-110px-Andreas_Bathory%2C_polsk_biskop_%281589-99%29%2C_m%C3%A5lad_1688-1703_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_98170.tif.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Andreas_Bathory%2C_polsk_biskop_%281589-99%29%2C_m%C3%A5lad_1688-1703_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_98170.tif/lossless-page1-165px-Andreas_Bathory%2C_polsk_biskop_%281589-99%29%2C_m%C3%A5lad_1688-1703_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_98170.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Andreas_Bathory%2C_polsk_biskop_%281589-99%29%2C_m%C3%A5lad_1688-1703_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_98170.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Andreas_Bathory%2C_polsk_biskop_%281589-99%29%2C_m%C3%A5lad_1688-1703_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_98170.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="3455" data-file-height="4119" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrew_B%C3%A1thory" title="Andrew Báthory">Andrew Báthory</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>)<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cristofano_Malvezzi" title="Cristofano Malvezzi">Cristofano Malvezzi</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rollock" title="Robert Rollock">Robert Rollock</a>, Scottish Presbyterian, first principal of the university of Edinburgh (b. <a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" title="Stanisław Radziwiłł">Stanisław Radziwiłł</a>, Grand Marshal of Lithuania (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matsura_Takanobu" title="Matsura Takanobu">Matsura Takanobu</a>, Japanese samurai (b, <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Gabrielle d'Estrées">Gabrielle d'Estrées</a>, mistress of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wallop" title="Henry Wallop">Henry Wallop</a>, English statesman (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lorenz_Scholz_von_Rosenau" title="Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau">Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau</a>, German botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maeda_Toshiie" title="Maeda Toshiie">Maeda Toshiie</a>, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Murad_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Murad Mirza">Sultan Murad Mirza</a>, Mughal prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Nassau_(1539%E2%80%931599)" title="Maria of Nassau (1539–1599)">Maria of Nassau</a>, Dutch Countess (b. <a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_V,_Count_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Driki_Masanaga" title="Kōriki Masanaga">Kōriki Masanaga</a>, Japanese military commander (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Catherine_Renata_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria">Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria</a>, Austrian archduchess (b. <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kwon_Yul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwon Yul">Kwon Yul</a>, Korean military commander (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsokabe_Motochika" title="Chōsokabe Motochika">Chōsokabe Motochika</a>, Japanese Sengoku Period daimyō</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luca_Marenzio" title="Luca Marenzio">Luca Marenzio</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Houtman" title="Cornelis de Houtman">Cornelis de Houtman</a>, Dutch explorer (b.<a href="/wiki/1565" title="1565">1565</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Cenci" title="Beatrice Cenci">Beatrice Cenci</a>, Italian noblewoman (executed for patricide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Song_Ik-pil" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Ik-pil">Song Ik-pil</a>, Korean scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Adam_z_Veleslav%C3%ADna" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Adam z Veleslavína">Daniel Adam z Veleslavína</a>, Czech lexicographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1546" title="1546">1546</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_B%C3%A1thory" title="Andrew Báthory">Andrew Báthory</a>, deposed Prince of Transylvania (decapitated) (b. c. 1563)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gasparo_Tagliacozzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasparo Tagliacozzi">Gasparo Tagliacozzi</a>, Italian surgeon (b. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Guerrero_(composer)" title="Francisco Guerrero (composer)">Francisco Guerrero</a>, Spanish composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nanbu_Nobunao" title="Nanbu Nobunao">Nanbu Nobunao</a>, Japanese daimyō (b. <a href="/wiki/1546" title="1546">1546</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caetani" title="Enrico Caetani">Enrico Caetani</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Apsley" title="Joan Apsley">Joan Boyle</a>, English noble, first spouse of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork (b. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_P%C3%A9rez_de_Valenzuela" title="Francisco Pérez de Valenzuela">Francisco Pérez de Valenzuela</a>, Spanish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li>After December 18 – <a href="/wiki/Minye_Kyawswa_II_of_Ava" title="Minye Kyawswa II of Ava">Minye Kyawswa II of Ava</a>, Burmese defecting crown prince of the Toungoo Empire (killed by invading forces) (b. <a href="/wiki/1567" title="1567">1567</a>)</li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Chand_Bibi" title="Chand Bibi">Chand Bibi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> regent and warrior (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1590s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1590s" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1590s">1590s</a>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/12398/garcia-hurtado-de-mendoza">"Hurtado de Mendoza, García"</a>, by Miguel Molina Martínez, in Diccionario Biográfico Español (Real Academia de la Historia, 2018). </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/5086/luis-de-velasco-y-castilla">"Luis de Velasco y Castilla"</a>, by María Justina Sarabia Viejo, in Diccionario Biográfico Español (Real Academia de la Historia, 2018) </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Jonathan Israel, Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713 (Bloomsbury, 1997) p.29 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHans_Delbrück1975" class="citation book cs1">Hans Delbrück (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1oEpAQAAIAAJ">History of the Art of War Within the Framework of Political History: The Modern Era</a>. Greenwood Press. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8371-8165-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8371-8165-3"><bdi>978-0-8371-8165-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Art+of+War+Within+the+Framework+of+Political+History%3A+The+Modern+Era&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8371-8165-3&rft.au=Hans+Delbr%C3%BCck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1oEpAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> "Ottoman-Safavid Wars", in Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, ed. by Alexander Mikaberidze (ABC-CLIO, 2011) p.698 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Henry Kamen, Spain 1469—1714: A Society of Conflict (Pearson, 1983) </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Roger Kerr, A General History of Voyages and Travels to the End of the 18th Century (Ulan Press, 2012) p.396-399 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/a/anneofdenmark.html">"Anne of Denmark: Biography"</a>. www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. 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John Roche Dasent (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1902)", in "Othello" A Broadview Internet Shakespeare Edition (Broadview Press, 2017) pp.299-300 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_C._Bartels2006" class="citation journal cs1">Emily C. Bartels (April 2006). "Too Many Blackamoors: Deportation, Discrimination, and Elizabeth I". SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900. 46 (2). 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Mott Media. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-915134-11-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-915134-11-3"><bdi>978-0-915134-11-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johannes+Kepler%3A+Giant+of+Faith+and+Science&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Mott+Media&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-915134-11-3&rft.au=John+Hudson+Tiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV5mexmtKUXgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDK2009" class="citation book cs1">DK (1 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8Llw8JSZEXYC&pg=PA403">War</a>. 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Wernham, The Return of the Armadas: The Last Years of the Elizabethan Wars Against Spain 1595–1603 (Clarendon Press, 1994) pp. 185–187 </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> John Duncan Mackie, Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1597-1603 (Edinburgh, 1969) p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisa_JardineProfessor_of_Renaissance_Studies_Lisa_Jardine1974" class="citation book cs1">Lisa Jardine; Professor of Renaissance Studies Lisa Jardine (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Og89AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA228">Francis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20494-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20494-1"><bdi>978-0-521-20494-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Francis+Bacon%3A+Discovery+and+the+Art+of+Discourse&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20494-1&rft.au=Lisa+Jardine&rft.au=Professor+of+Renaissance+Studies+Lisa+Jardine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOg89AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/exhibits/vapor/origins.htm">"From liquid to vapor and back: origins"</a>. Special Collections Department. University of Delaware Library. Retrieved March 12, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Special+Collections+Department&rft.atitle=From+liquid+to+vapor+and+back%3A+origins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.udel.edu%2Fud%2Fspec%2Fexhibits%2Fvapor%2Forigins.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Peter F. Sugar,et al., A History of Hungary, ed. by Peter F. Sugar (Indiana University Press, 1990) p. 97 </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_M._Manetsch2000" class="citation book cs1">Scott M. 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BRILL. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11101-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11101-8"><bdi>90-04-11101-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theodore+Beza+and+the+Quest+for+Peace+in+France%3A+1572+-+1598&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=90-04-11101-8&rft.au=Scott+M.+Manetsch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZH9Rkw4Yl8EC%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá, Historia de la Nueva México, 1610 : a critical and annotated Spanish/English edition (translated by Joseph P. Sánchez, University of New Mexico Press, 1992) </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Constantin C. Giurescu, Istoria Românilor (Editura Al.) p. 191 </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> R. A. Van Middeldyk, The History of Puerto Rico (Echo Library, 2008) p.114 </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> George Williamson, George, Third Earl of Cumberland, 1558-1605: His Life and His Voyages (Kessinger Publishing, 2009) p.205 </li> <li id="cite_note-Roelker-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roelker_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roelker_125-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Lyman_Roelker" title="Nancy Lyman Roelker">Nancy Lyman Roelker</a>, Queen of Navarre: Jeanne d'Albret, 1528-1572 (Harvard University Press, 1968) p. xiv </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shakespearedocumented.folger.edu/resource/document/stationers-register-entry-merchant-venice">"Stationers' Register entry for The Merchant of Venice"</a>, Shakespeare Documented (Folger Shakespeare Library) </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Gary Dean Peterson, Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (McFarland, 2014) p.105 </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTommaso_Campanella2011" class="citation book cs1">Tommaso Campanella (30 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-gg7nHUNGeoC&pg=PA6">Selected Philosophical Poems of Tommaso Campanella: A Bilingual Edition</a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-09205-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-09205-8"><bdi>978-0-226-09205-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Philosophical+Poems+of+Tommaso+Campanella%3A+A+Bilingual+Edition&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2011-03-30&rft.isbn=978-0-226-09205-8&rft.au=Tommaso+Campanella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-gg7nHUNGeoC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berry-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berry_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berry_129-1">b</a> Mary Elizabeth Berry, Hideyoshi (Harvard University Press, 1982) pp. 139, 235 </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarry_S._Ashmore1962" class="citation book cs1">Harry S. Ashmore (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=22_05cxLB50C">Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge</a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 279.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica%3A+A+New+Survey+of+Universal+Knowledge&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Harry+S.+Ashmore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D22_05cxLB50C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Kenneth M. Swope, A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598 (University of Oklahoma Press, 2009) p.271 </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Samuel Hawley, The Imjin War (Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press, 2005) p.531 </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Ashin Sandamala Linkara, Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan (Tetan Sarpay, 1931) pp. 77–78 </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Andrew Knaut, The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 (University of Oklahoma Press, 1995) p.69 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Turnbull_(historian)" title="Stephen Turnbull (historian)">Turnbull, Stephen</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samuraiinvasionj0000turn">Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War</a>. London: Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35948-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35948-6"><bdi>978-0-304-35948-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samurai+Invasion%3A+Japan%27s+Korean+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-304-35948-6&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsamuraiinvasionj0000turn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Rinuccini" title="Ottavio Rinuccini">Ottavio Rinuccini</a>'s libretto survives complete but only fragments of the music are known. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCulloch2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diarmaid_MacCulloch" title="Diarmaid MacCulloch">MacCulloch, Diarmaid</a> (2013). Silence: A Christian History. London: Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846144264" title="Special:BookSources/9781846144264"><bdi>9781846144264</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Silence%3A+A+Christian+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781846144264&rft.aulast=MacCulloch&rft.aufirst=Diarmaid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenis_Crispin_TwitchettJohn_King_FairbankFrederick_W._Mote1978" class="citation book cs1">Denis Crispin Twitchett; John King Fairbank; Frederick W. 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University of California, Santa Cruz. p. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Mists+of+Error+Withdrawn%22%3A+Elizabethan+Satire%2C+Cultural+Criticism%2C+and+the+Bishops%27+Ban+of+1599&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Santa+Cruz&rft.date=2004&rft.au=William+R.+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuOJO6W8NByoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Guy Le Strange, Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic 1560-1604 (Routledge, 2004) p.4 </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSir_John_Alexander_Hammerton1975" class="citation book cs1">Sir John Alexander Hammerton (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7BsXAQAAIAAJ">Concise Universal Biography: A Dictionary of the Famous Men and Women of All Countries and All Times, Recording the Lives of More Than 20,000 Persons and Profusely Illustrated with Authentic Portraits and Other Pictorial Documents</a>. Gale Research Company. p. 1347. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-4209-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-4209-5"><bdi>978-0-8103-4209-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Universal+Biography%3A+A+Dictionary+of+the+Famous+Men+and+Women+of+All+Countries+and+All+Times%2C+Recording+the+Lives+of+More+Than+20%2C000+Persons+and+Profusely+Illustrated+with+Authentic+Portraits+and+Other+Pictorial+Documents&rft.pages=1347&rft.pub=Gale+Research+Company&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-4209-5&rft.au=Sir+John+Alexander+Hammerton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7BsXAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1993" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Cedric Clive (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A2B7YS9xVyUC&pg=PA62">Patronage, Politics, and Literary Traditions in England, 1558-1658</a>. Wayne State University Press. pp. 62–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2417-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2417-2"><bdi>978-0-8143-2417-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patronage%2C+Politics%2C+and+Literary+Traditions+in+England%2C+1558-1658&rft.pages=62-63&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-2417-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Cedric+Clive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA2B7YS9xVyUC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hzgZnFiJGxgC">The New Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1983. p. 822. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-400-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-400-0"><bdi>978-0-85229-400-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=822&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-85229-400-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhzgZnFiJGxgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Hopkins_McDonnald1951" class="citation book cs1">Alexander Hopkins McDonnald (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nC_VAAAAMAAJ">The Encyclopedia Americana</a>. Americana Corporation. p. 87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Americana+Corporation&rft.date=1951&rft.au=Alexander+Hopkins+McDonnald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnC_VAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Story_Donno1983" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth Story Donno (1 April 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mEBdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA104">The Renaissance: Excluding Drama</a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-17058-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-17058-6"><bdi>978-1-349-17058-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Renaissance%3A+Excluding+Drama&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=1983-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1-349-17058-6&rft.au=Elizabeth+Story+Donno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmEBdDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_GassendiOliver_Thill2002" class="citation book cs1">Pierre Gassendi; Oliver Thill (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9r0RfQtpU6AC&pg=PA317">The Life of Copernicus (1473-1543)</a>. Xulon Press. p. 317. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59160-193-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59160-193-7"><bdi>978-1-59160-193-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Copernicus+%281473-1543%29&rft.pages=317&rft.pub=Xulon+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-59160-193-7&rft.au=Pierre+Gassendi&rft.au=Oliver+Thill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9r0RfQtpU6AC%26pg%3DPA317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Amos-Comenius">"John Amos Comenius | Czech educator | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. Retrieved 16 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=John+Amos+Comenius+%7C+Czech+educator+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJohn-Amos-Comenius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eisler1972-150"><a href="#cite_ref-Eisler1972_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_E._Eisler1972" class="citation book cs1">Paul E. Eisler (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=15IzAQAAIAAJ">World Chronology of Music History: 1594-1684</a>. Oceana Publications. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-379-16082-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-379-16082-6"><bdi>978-0-379-16082-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Chronology+of+Music+History%3A+1594-1684&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Oceana+Publications&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-379-16082-6&rft.au=Paul+E.+Eisler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D15IzAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmy_Marie_Charles1977" class="citation book cs1">Amy Marie Charles (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=09taAAAAMAAJ">A Life of George Herbert</a>. Cornell University Press. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-1014-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-1014-7"><bdi>978-0-8014-1014-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Life+of+George+Herbert&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-1014-7&rft.au=Amy+Marie+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D09taAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Ward_BissellRoger_Ward_Bissell1999" class="citation book cs1">R. Ward Bissell; Roger Ward Bissell (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XJPqAAAAMAAJ">Artemisia Gentileschi and the Authority of Art: Critical Reading and Catalogue Raisonné</a>. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-01787-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-01787-7"><bdi>978-0-271-01787-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artemisia+Gentileschi+and+the+Authority+of+Art%3A+Critical+Reading+and+Catalogue+Raisonn%C3%A9&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-271-01787-7&rft.au=R.+Ward+Bissell&rft.au=Roger+Ward+Bissell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXJPqAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_VinsonD._L._Kirkpatrick1979" class="citation book cs1">James Vinson; D. L. Kirkpatrick (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1oEjAQAAIAAJ">Novelists and Prose Writers</a>. Macmillan. p. 1250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-25292-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-25292-5"><bdi>978-0-333-25292-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Novelists+and+Prose+Writers&rft.pages=1250&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-333-25292-5&rft.au=James+Vinson&rft.au=D.+L.+Kirkpatrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1oEjAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_H._FritzeWilliam_B._Robison1996" class="citation book cs1">Ronald H. Fritze; William B. Robison (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8goko0Lpr5sC&pg=PA228">Historical Dictionary of Stuart England, 1603-1689</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28391-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28391-8"><bdi>978-0-313-28391-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Stuart+England%2C+1603-1689&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-313-28391-8&rft.au=Ronald+H.+Fritze&rft.au=William+B.+Robison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8goko0Lpr5sC%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley_Wells2002" class="citation book cs1">Stanley Wells (28 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yooh5zH51SMC&pg=PA145">Shakespeare Survey</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52374-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52374-5"><bdi>978-0-521-52374-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+Survey&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-11-28&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52374-5&rft.au=Stanley+Wells&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYooh5zH51SMC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Cottingham1992" class="citation book cs1">John Cottingham (25 September 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC&pg=PA22">The Cambridge Companion to Descartes</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36696-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36696-0"><bdi>978-0-521-36696-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Descartes&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992-09-25&rft.isbn=978-0-521-36696-0&rft.au=John+Cottingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPrhr9FBdQ_MC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7jnoAAAAIAAJ">The Ukrainian Review</a>. Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain, Limited. 1966. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ukrainian+Review&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Association+of+Ukrainians+in+Great+Britain%2C+Limited&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7jnoAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_H._FritzeWilliam_B._Robison1996" class="citation book cs1">Ronald H. Fritze; William B. Robison (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8goko0Lpr5sC&pg=PA177">Historical Dictionary of Stuart England, 1603-1689</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28391-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28391-8"><bdi>978-0-313-28391-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Stuart+England%2C+1603-1689&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-313-28391-8&rft.au=Ronald+H.+Fritze&rft.au=William+B.+Robison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8goko0Lpr5sC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJolande_van_der_Klis2000" class="citation book cs1">Jolande van der Klis (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eCUKAQAAMAAJ">The Essential Guide to Dutch Music: 100 Composers and Their Work</a>. Amsterdam University Press. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-460-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-460-8"><bdi>978-90-5356-460-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Guide+to+Dutch+Music%3A+100+Composers+and+Their+Work&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-5356-460-8&rft.au=Jolande+van+der+Klis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeCUKAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOechslin1972" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oechslin, Werner (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200123183429/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-buonamici_res-20b6e98a-87e9-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Dizionario-Biografico)/">"BUONAMICI, Francesco"</a>. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-buonamici_res-20b6e98a-87e9-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Dizionario-Biografico)/">the original</a> on 23 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BUONAMICI%2C+Francesco&rft.btitle=Dizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Oechslin&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Ffrancesco-buonamici_res-20b6e98a-87e9-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Do1YAAAAYAAJ">The Encyclopedia Americana</a>. Grolier Incorporated. 1999. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0131-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0131-0"><bdi>978-0-7172-0131-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Grolier+Incorporated&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0131-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDo1YAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolf_Wittkower1981" class="citation book cs1">Rudolf Wittkower (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CYZKAQAAIAAJ">Gian Lorenzo Bernini: The Sculptor of the Roman Baroque</a>. Cornell University Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-1430-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-1430-5"><bdi>978-0-8014-1430-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gian+Lorenzo+Bernini%3A+The+Sculptor+of+the+Roman+Baroque&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-1430-5&rft.au=Rudolf+Wittkower&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCYZKAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_Shaw-Kennedy1978" class="citation book cs1">Ronald Shaw-Kennedy (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1E0_D0tsEc8C&pg=PA23">Venice Rediscovered</a>. Associated University Presse. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8453-1484-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8453-1484-5"><bdi>978-0-8453-1484-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venice+Rediscovered&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presse&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-8453-1484-5&rft.au=Ronald+Shaw-Kennedy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1E0_D0tsEc8C%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Strode,_William">"Strode, William" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1040.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Strode%2C+William&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=1040&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHans_Kühner1958" class="citation book cs1">Hans Kühner (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tRdKAAAAMAAJ">Encyclopedia of the Papacy</a>. Philosophical Library. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8022-0900-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8022-0900-9"><bdi>978-0-8022-0900-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Papacy&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=978-0-8022-0900-9&rft.au=Hans+K%C3%BChner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtRdKAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/25230">"Anthony van Dyck"</a>. Netherlands Institute of Art. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Netherlands+Institute+of+Art&rft.atitle=Anthony+van+Dyck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frkd.nl%2Fexplore%2Fartists%2F25230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartyn_Bennett2006" class="citation book cs1">Martyn Bennett (21 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDLhX37hwM4C&pg=PA3">Oliver Cromwell</a>. Routledge. pp. 3–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-36495-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-36495-4"><bdi>978-1-134-36495-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oliver+Cromwell&rft.pages=3-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-08-21&rft.isbn=978-1-134-36495-4&rft.au=Martyn+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcDLhX37hwM4C%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonsonby-Fane1959" class="citation book cs1">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ">The Imperial House of Japan</a>. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/194887">194887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan&rft.pages=113&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F194887&rft.aulast=Ponsonby-Fane&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSLAeAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_Thompson1990" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence Thompson (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_tDgAAAAMAAJ">The Princeton University Library Chronicle</a>. Friends of the Princeton University Library. p. 98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+University+Library+Chronicle&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Friends+of+the+Princeton+University+Library&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Lawrence+Thompson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_tDgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sixtus-V">"Sixtus V | pope"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. 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Harvard University Press. pp. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Frederic&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.au=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YFMrAAAAIAAJ">Y Cymmrodor: The Magazine of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion ...</a> Cymmrodorion Society. 1929. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Y+Cymmrodor%3A+The+Magazine+of+the+Honourable+Society+of+Cymmrodorion+...&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Cymmrodorion+Society&rft.date=1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYFMrAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gregory-XIV">"Gregory XIV | pope"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Gregory+XIV+%7C+pope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FGregory-XIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Innocent-IX">"Innocent IX | pope"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. 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Taylor & Francis. p. 808. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-424-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-424-5"><bdi>978-1-57958-424-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literature+of+Travel+and+Exploration%3A+G+to+P&rft.pages=808&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-424-5&rft.au=Jennifer+Speake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj3w07y2oRu8C%26pg%3DPA808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cMAhAQAAMAAJ">The Encyclopedia Americana</a>. 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King's Library; William Shakespeare; Christopher Marlowe (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tbf3cquSsXYC">William Shakespeare, 1564-1616, and Christopher Marlowe, 1564-1593: An Exhibition of Books, Manuscripts, and Other Illustrative Material Held in the King's Library of the British Museum, 23 April to 12 July, 1964</a>. 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Routledge. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-61754-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-61754-7"><bdi>978-1-135-61754-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Giovanni+Pierluigi+da+Palestrina%3A+A+Research+Guide&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft.isbn=978-1-135-61754-7&rft.au=Clara+Marvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDdFYAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lefranc1988-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Lefranc1988_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbel_Lefranc1988" class="citation book cs1">Abel Lefranc (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s6dlAAAAMAAJ">Under the Mask of William Shakespeare</a>. 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In <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Stephen, Leslie</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a>. Vol. 20. 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Manchester University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-0720-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-0720-0"><bdi>978-0-7190-0720-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Torquato+Tasso%3A+A+Play&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-0720-0&rft.au=Johann+Wolfgang+von+Goethe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP_DnAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontague_Summers1928" class="citation book cs1">Montague Summers (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gyJ-AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA132">The Vampire: His Kith and Kin</a>. 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Tomkovich (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vOPaAAAAMAAJ">Heritage of the Russian Arctic: Research, Conservation, and International Co-operation : Proceedings of the International Scientific Willem Barents Memorial Arctic Conservation Symposium, Held in Moscow, Russia, 10-14 March 1998</a>. Ecopros Publishers. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-88621-057-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-88621-057-6"><bdi>978-5-88621-057-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heritage+of+the+Russian+Arctic%3A+Research%2C+Conservation%2C+and+International+Co-operation+%3A+Proceedings+of+the+International+Scientific+Willem+Barents+Memorial+Arctic+Conservation+Symposium%2C+Held+in+Moscow%2C+Russia%2C+10-14+March+1998&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Ecopros+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-5-88621-057-6&rft.au=Barwolt+Sijbrand+Ebbinge&rft.au=P.+S.+Tomkovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvOPaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaheed_A._Adejumobi2007" class="citation book cs1">Saheed A. 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McDowell Publications for the Freeborn Family Association. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supplemental+research+and+history+%28volume+XIV%29&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=McDowell+Publications+for+the+Freeborn+Family+Association&rft.date=2001&rft.au=May+King&rft.au=David+Leer+Ringo&rft.au=William+K.+Barnarad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin_Burrow1996" class="citation book cs1">Colin Burrow (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xnEhEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1">Edmund Spenser</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7463-0750-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7463-0750-2"><bdi>978-0-7463-0750-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edmund+Spenser&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7463-0750-2&rft.au=Colin+Burrow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxnEhEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> Turnbull, Stephen R. (1998) The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and Rituals to the Present Day. Richmond, UK: Japan Library. pp. 28–31, 38. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873410-70-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-873410-70-0">1-873410-70-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt_James_PressAnthony_LeviRetired_Professor_of_French_Anthony_Levi1992" class="citation book cs1">St James Press; Anthony Levi; Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ">Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789</a>. St. James Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-159-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-159-6"><bdi>978-1-55862-159-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+French+Literature%3A+Beginnings+to+1789&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-55862-159-6&rft.au=St+James+Press&rft.au=Anthony+Levi&rft.au=Retired+Professor+of+French+Anthony+Levi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoqkRAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBettina_Liebowitz_Knapp1985" class="citation book cs1">Bettina Liebowitz Knapp (18 October 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cEJdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79">French Theatre 1918–1939</a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-17985-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-17985-5"><bdi>978-1-349-17985-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Theatre+1918%E2%80%931939&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=1985-10-18&rft.isbn=978-1-349-17985-5&rft.au=Bettina+Liebowitz+Knapp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcEJdDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QIYJAQAAMAAJ">Anuario interamericano de investigación musical: Yearbook for inter-American musical research. Anuário interamericano de pesquisa musical</a>. University of Texas at Austin. 1972. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anuario+interamericano+de+investigaci%C3%B3n+musical%3A+Yearbook+for+inter-American+musical+research.+Anu%C3%A1rio+interamericano+de+pesquisa+musical&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+at+Austin&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQIYJAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1590s" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: Artists <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48595#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/a8e027e4-4eeb-45ee-ad17-1025734de5ad">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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