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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Christian Nubia</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">1,179 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Christian Nubia</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Christian_Nubia">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34046949" data-work_id="34046949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34046949/Kushitic_Oromos_Ancestry_in_Ethiopia_Ancient_Sudan_and_Semitic_Amharas_and_Tigrays_Abyssinians_Ancestry_in_Yemen">Kushitic Oromos' Ancestry in Ethiopia (: Ancient Sudan) & Semitic Amharas' & Tigrays' (Abyssinians') Ancestry in Yemen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The following text is a response sent to an email dispatched to me by the Chairman of the exiled Oromo Parliamentarians who struggle for the Independence and Self-determination of the 5 millennia long Kushitic Ethiopian Nation of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34046949" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The following text is a response sent to an email dispatched to me by the Chairman of the exiled Oromo Parliamentarians who struggle for the Independence and Self-determination of the 5 millennia long Kushitic Ethiopian Nation of the Oromos. <br />The Hamitic - Kushitic Oromo Nation - due to criminal, inhuman and evil persecution conceived by the colonial powers (France, England and America) and executed by the colonially promoted barbaric and incestuous pseudo-Christian Abyssinians - lost their kingdoms and were engulfed within the Cemetery of Nations Fake Ethiopia, which consists in the world's most tyrannical realm and the location of the world's more abhorrent, more enduring, and more multifaceted genocides. There are more than 45 million Oromos in Abyssinia (Fake Ethiopia) and Kenya today, despite the notorious and pathetic falsehood propagated by Wikipedia. <br />The present text enumerates all the major points of historical distortion and falsification carried out and diffused by the colonial academia, mass media, and diplomats, as well as by their local agents and criminal executioners, i.e. the barbaric, incestuous and Anti-Christian tribes of Amhara and Tigray (: the Abyssinians), who usurped the fair name of Ethiopia, which historically denotes the land of North Sudan and the Kushitic Nation that prospered there either in the Antiquity or in the Christian Era. Both, the Oromos and the Arabic-speaking (but not Arab) populations of Northern-Central Sudan are the descendants of Ancient Sudan's (i.e. Ancient Ethiopia's) Kushitic populations.<br />Representative photographic documentation was herewith added to the text in order to better illustrate the topic.<br /><br />Refutation of historical forgeries propagated by European colonials and incestuous Abyssinians<br />First published here:<br /><a href="https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2017/07/26/kushitic-oromos-ancestry-in-ethiopia-ancient-sudan-semitic-amharas-tigrays-abyssinians-ancestry-in-yemen/" rel="nofollow">https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2017/07/26/kushitic-oromos-ancestry-in-ethiopia-ancient-sudan-semitic-amharas-tigrays-abyssinians-ancestry-in-yemen/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34046949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9d32b4c3cba00389f65a1faf2c23532d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53985938,"asset_id":34046949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53985938/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44497389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis">Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44497389" type="text/json">{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34046949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34046949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34046949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34046949", }); 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There are more than 45 million Oromos in Abyssinia (Fake Ethiopia) and Kenya today, despite the notorious and pathetic falsehood propagated by Wikipedia. \nThe present text enumerates all the major points of historical distortion and falsification carried out and diffused by the colonial academia, mass media, and diplomats, as well as by their local agents and criminal executioners, i.e. the barbaric, incestuous and Anti-Christian tribes of Amhara and Tigray (: the Abyssinians), who usurped the fair name of Ethiopia, which historically denotes the land of North Sudan and the Kushitic Nation that prospered there either in the Antiquity or in the Christian Era. Both, the Oromos and the Arabic-speaking (but not Arab) populations of Northern-Central Sudan are the descendants of Ancient Sudan's (i.e. Ancient Ethiopia's) Kushitic populations.\nRepresentative photographic documentation was herewith added to the text in order to better illustrate the topic.\n\nRefutation of historical forgeries propagated by European colonials and incestuous Abyssinians\nFirst published here:\nhttps://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2017/07/26/kushitic-oromos-ancestry-in-ethiopia-ancient-sudan-semitic-amharas-tigrays-abyssinians-ancestry-in-yemen/","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53985938,"asset_id":34046949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin 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Tino in the context of the iconographical program of Nubian churches</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">sapienza università di roma dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità E S T R A T T O dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità Direttore enzo lippolis Comitato di Direzione maria Giovanna Biga, savino di lernia, eugenia equini schneider,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8278315" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">sapienza università di roma dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità E S T R A T T O dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità Direttore enzo lippolis Comitato di Direzione maria Giovanna Biga, savino di lernia, eugenia equini schneider, Giovanna maria Forni, Gian luca Gregori, laura maria michetti, Frances pinnock, loredana sist, maurizio sonnino, eleonora tagliaferro Comitato scientifico rosa maria albanese (catania), Graeme Barker (cambridge), corinne Bonnet (toulouse), alain Bresson (chicago), Jean-marie durand (paris), alessandro Garcea (lyon), andrea Giardina (Firenze), michel Gras (roma), henner von hesberg (roma-dai), tonio hölscher (heidelberg), mario liverani (roma), paolo matthiae (roma), athanasios rizakis (atene), Guido vannini (Firenze), alan Walmsley (copenhagen) Redazione laura maria michetti sapienza università di roma E S T R</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8278315" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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scientifico rosa maria albanese (catania), Graeme Barker (cambridge), corinne Bonnet (toulouse), alain Bresson (chicago), Jean-marie durand (paris), alessandro Garcea (lyon), andrea Giardina (Firenze), michel Gras (roma), henner von hesberg (roma-dai), tonio hölscher (heidelberg), mario liverani (roma), paolo matthiae (roma), athanasios rizakis (atene), Guido vannini (Firenze), alan Walmsley (copenhagen) Redazione laura maria michetti sapienza università di roma E S T R","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34693119,"asset_id":8278315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":562703,"first_name":"Dobrochna","last_name":"Zielinska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"DobrochnaZielińska","display_name":"Dobrochna Zielinska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/DobrochnaZieli%C5%84ska?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/562703/201751/235278/s65_dobrochna.zieli_ska.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14639,"name":"Byzantine 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Social changes in Lower Nubia in Late Antiquity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/462097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7ea8800c49cebce9e025ebe4b5c5b374" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":2039312,"asset_id":462097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2039312/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217995" href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski">Artur Obluski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217995" type="text/json">{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_462097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="462097"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 462097, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_462097", }); 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Social changes in Lower Nubia in Late Antiquity","created_at":"2011-03-03T03:58:48.560-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/462097/The_formation_of_the_Nobadian_State_Social_changes_in_Lower_Nubia_in_Late_Antiquity?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_462097","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":2039312,"asset_id":462097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33893232 coauthored" data-work_id="33893232" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33893232/Banganarti_and_Selib_in_the_2013_2014_and_2014_2015_seasons_With_apendices">Banganarti and Selib in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. With apendices.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Polish archaeological project excavating at the Nubian sites of Bangnarti and Selib concentrated on uncovering domestic architecture: the northeastern and southwestern districts at medieval Christian Banganarti and selected houses of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33893232" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Polish archaeological project excavating at the Nubian sites of Bangnarti and Selib concentrated on uncovering domestic architecture: the northeastern and southwestern districts at medieval Christian Banganarti and selected houses of Meroitic date at Selib 2. The conservation and restoration program put finishing touches on the Raphaelion church in Banganarti and did substantial work o the remains of the earlier churches. The oldest church from Selib 1 was investigated and dated to the 6th– 7th century based on a study of a well stratified ceramic assemblage. Pottery from the northern and southern refuse dumps ranged in date from the 9th to the 12th/13th century. A group of liturgical vessels, containing mostly small juglets and chalices, was distinguished in this assemblage. Exploration of the earlier Northern Building revealed pottery contemporaneous with the earliest phase of the church on site. Anthropological research was carried out on skeletal remains from the medieval cemeteries of Selib 1 and</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33893232" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c29d8042d742fbbe64ff4070e4d19ea8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53866840,"asset_id":33893232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53866840/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2511556" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro">Aneta Cedro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2511556" type="text/json">{"id":2511556,"first_name":"Aneta","last_name":"Cedro","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"AnetaCedro","display_name":"Aneta Cedro","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2511556/1986716/19780019/s65_aneta.cedro.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33893232">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33893232"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA">Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean PCMA</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33893232'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33893232').html(); 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With apendices.","created_at":"2017-07-15T11:42:07.622-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33893232/Banganarti_and_Selib_in_the_2013_2014_and_2014_2015_seasons_With_apendices?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_33893232","summary":"The Polish archaeological project excavating at the Nubian sites of Bangnarti and Selib concentrated on uncovering domestic architecture: the northeastern and southwestern districts at medieval Christian Banganarti and selected houses of Meroitic date at Selib 2. The conservation and restoration program put finishing touches on the Raphaelion church in Banganarti and did substantial work o the remains of the earlier churches. The oldest church from Selib 1 was investigated and dated to the 6th– 7th century based on a study of a well stratified ceramic assemblage. Pottery from the northern and southern refuse dumps ranged in date from the 9th to the 12th/13th century. A group of liturgical vessels, containing mostly small juglets and chalices, was distinguished in this assemblage. Exploration of the earlier Northern Building revealed pottery contemporaneous with the earliest phase of the church on site. Anthropological research was carried out on skeletal remains from the medieval cemeteries of Selib 1 and","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53866840,"asset_id":33893232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2511556,"first_name":"Aneta","last_name":"Cedro","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"AnetaCedro","display_name":"Aneta Cedro","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2511556/1986716/19780019/s65_aneta.cedro.jpg"},{"id":40708025,"first_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","last_name":"PCMA","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA","display_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean PCMA","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40708025/11086617/61052396/s65_polish_archaeology_in_the_mediterranean.pcma.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39981659" data-work_id="39981659" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39981659/The_Black_St_Maurice_of_Magdeburg_and_the_African_Christian_Kingdoms_in_Nubia_and_Ethiopia_in_the_Thirteenth_Century">The Black St Maurice of Magdeburg and the African Christian Kingdoms in Nubia and Ethiopia in the Thirteenth Century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines the connections between the black St Maurice of Magdeburg and the Christian kingdoms in Nubia and Ethiopia. The depiction of St Maurice signifies a new approach to the concept of blackness in medieval imagery. Is this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39981659" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines the connections between the black St Maurice of Magdeburg and the Christian kingdoms in Nubia and Ethiopia. The depiction of St Maurice signifies a new approach to the concept of blackness in medieval imagery. Is this related to the familiarity that started developing between the Latins and the eastern Christians in the 13th century? By analysing the relations between the papacy and Nubia’s church, the legends of Prester John, and the struggle between the pope and Frederick of Hohenstaufen, the study concludes that St Maurice of Magdeburg is indirectly associated with Christian Nubia. The black St Maurice evidently underlined Frederick’s aspirations to present himself as the only protector of the Christian world. The eastern Christians were integrated in this world without the stigma of heresy that the pope had imputed to them. The same stigma was attributed to Frederick: the black St Maurice was his provocative response to the Papal See.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39981659" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f2a74f340ea73952908d1eaeb064367" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60173317,"asset_id":39981659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60173317/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4985150" href="https://johannesburg.academia.edu/EZacharopoulou">Effie Zacharopoulou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4985150" type="text/json">{"id":4985150,"first_name":"Effie","last_name":"Zacharopoulou","domain_name":"johannesburg","page_name":"EZacharopoulou","display_name":"Effie Zacharopoulou","profile_url":"https://johannesburg.academia.edu/EZacharopoulou?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4985150/2160024/2534139/s65_effie.zacharopoulou.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39981659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39981659"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39981659, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39981659", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39981659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39981659").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39981659").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39981659"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39981659]'), work: {"id":39981659,"title":"The Black St Maurice of Magdeburg and the African Christian Kingdoms in Nubia and Ethiopia in the Thirteenth Century","created_at":"2019-07-31T15:36:53.836-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39981659/The_Black_St_Maurice_of_Magdeburg_and_the_African_Christian_Kingdoms_in_Nubia_and_Ethiopia_in_the_Thirteenth_Century?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_39981659","summary":"This study examines the connections between the black St Maurice of Magdeburg and the Christian kingdoms in Nubia and Ethiopia. The depiction of St Maurice signifies a new approach to the concept of blackness in medieval imagery. Is this related to the familiarity that started developing between the Latins and the eastern Christians in the 13th century? By analysing the relations between the papacy and Nubia’s church, the legends of Prester John, and the struggle between the pope and Frederick of Hohenstaufen, the study concludes that St Maurice of Magdeburg is indirectly associated with Christian Nubia. The black St Maurice evidently underlined Frederick’s aspirations to present himself as the only protector of the Christian world. The eastern Christians were integrated in this world without the stigma of heresy that the pope had imputed to them. The same stigma was attributed to Frederick: the black St Maurice was his provocative response to the Papal See.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60173317,"asset_id":39981659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4985150,"first_name":"Effie","last_name":"Zacharopoulou","domain_name":"johannesburg","page_name":"EZacharopoulou","display_name":"Effie Zacharopoulou","profile_url":"https://johannesburg.academia.edu/EZacharopoulou?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4985150/2160024/2534139/s65_effie.zacharopoulou.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5857671 coauthored" data-work_id="5857671" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5857671/A_man_from_Provance_on_the_Middle_Nile_A_graffito_in_the_upper_church_at_Banganarti">A man from Provance on the Middle Nile: A graffito in the upper church at Banganarti </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5857671" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d399146827ea8cd11d44393a544270d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32855786,"asset_id":5857671,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32855786/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8606844" href="https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar">Adam Łajtar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8606844" type="text/json">{"id":8606844,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Łajtar","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"AdamŁajtar","display_name":"Adam Łajtar","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8606844/3345348/4015374/s65_adam.lajtar.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-5857671">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-5857671"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TomaszP%C5%82%C3%B3ciennik">Tomasz Płóciennik</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-5857671'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-5857671').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5857671 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5857671"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5857671; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5857671]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5857671").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5857671").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5857671"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Christian Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281518" type="text/json">{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5857671]'), work: {"id":5857671,"title":"A man from Provance on the Middle Nile: A graffito in the upper church at Banganarti ","created_at":"2014-01-27T05:01:00.626-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5857671/A_man_from_Provance_on_the_Middle_Nile_A_graffito_in_the_upper_church_at_Banganarti?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_5857671","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32855786,"asset_id":5857671,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8606844,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Łajtar","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"AdamŁajtar","display_name":"Adam Łajtar","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8606844/3345348/4015374/s65_adam.lajtar.jpg"},{"id":32135591,"first_name":"Tomasz","last_name":"Płóciennik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TomaszPłóciennik","display_name":"Tomasz Płóciennik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TomaszP%C5%82%C3%B3ciennik?f_ri=281518","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40523472 coauthored" data-work_id="40523472" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40523472/Williams_and_Heidorn_The_OI_and_Nubia">Williams and Heidorn - The OI and Nubia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A summary account of Oriental Institute activities in Nubia, including reference to Breasted's earlier expeditions for the OI centennial volume. Numerous color photographs of scenes, sites, and objects are included to enhance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40523472" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A summary account of Oriental Institute activities in Nubia, including reference to Breasted's earlier expeditions for the OI centennial volume.  Numerous color photographs of scenes, sites, and objects are included to enhance publications that were black and white</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40523472" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70284de6c55a49c8d4c75e1729a43cd7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60797604,"asset_id":40523472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60797604/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2834841" rel="nofollow" href="https://uw.academia.edu/BruceWilliams">Bruce Williams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2834841" type="text/json">{"id":2834841,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"BruceWilliams","display_name":"Bruce Williams","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/BruceWilliams?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2834841/1444282/1767841/s65_bruce.williams.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40523472">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40523472"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://chicago.academia.edu/LisaHeidorn">Lisa A Heidorn</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40523472'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40523472').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40523472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40523472"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40523472, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40523472", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40523472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40523472; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40523472"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40523472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40523472"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40523472; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40523472]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40523472").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40523472").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40523472"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations">Nubian-Egyptian Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20549" type="text/json">{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36548" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics">Nubian Ceramics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36548" type="text/json">{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia">Ancient Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40806" type="text/json">{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40523472]'), work: {"id":40523472,"title":"Williams and Heidorn - The OI and Nubia","created_at":"2019-10-04T08:45:31.394-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40523472/Williams_and_Heidorn_The_OI_and_Nubia?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_40523472","summary":"A summary account of Oriental Institute activities in Nubia, including reference to Breasted's earlier expeditions for the OI centennial volume. Numerous color photographs of scenes, sites, and objects are included to enhance publications that were black and white","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60797604,"asset_id":40523472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2834841,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"BruceWilliams","display_name":"Bruce Williams","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/BruceWilliams?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2834841/1444282/1767841/s65_bruce.williams.jpg"},{"id":5376760,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Heidorn","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"LisaHeidorn","display_name":"Lisa A Heidorn","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/LisaHeidorn?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5376760/2360444/16306926/s65_lisa.heidorn.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45155218" data-work_id="45155218" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45155218/Medieval_Nubia_a_contribution_to_the_study_of_textiles_from_Meinarti">Medieval Nubia: a contribution to the study of textiles from Meinarti</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An examination of textile finds from Meinarti led to a new identification of pieces of textile, including fragments of furnishing textiles, most likely carpets, previously unnoticed in the assemblage. This new evidence expands the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45155218" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An examination of textile finds from Meinarti led to a new identification of pieces of textile, including fragments of furnishing textiles, most likely carpets, previously unnoticed in the assemblage. This new evidence expands the available knowledge about textiles for furniture in medieval Nubia. The article describes the technical features of the fabrics and discusses their potential social and economic value in the archaeological context and during the specific historical period of the site.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45155218" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14622048aec07ef933e58116142bb806" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65731352,"asset_id":45155218,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65731352/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="912376" href="https://uw.academia.edu/MagdalenaWozniak">Magdalena M Wozniak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="912376" type="text/json">{"id":912376,"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Wozniak","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MagdalenaWozniak","display_name":"Magdalena M Wozniak","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MagdalenaWozniak?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/912376/338496/34044551/s65_magdalena.wozniak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45155218 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45155218"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45155218, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45155218", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45155218]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45155218").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45155218").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45155218"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_textiles">Archaeological textiles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85947" type="text/json">{"id":85947,"name":"Archaeological textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_textiles?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Christian Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281518" type="text/json">{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45155218]'), work: {"id":45155218,"title":"Medieval Nubia: a contribution to the study of textiles from Meinarti","created_at":"2021-02-19T11:34:55.136-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45155218/Medieval_Nubia_a_contribution_to_the_study_of_textiles_from_Meinarti?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_45155218","summary":"An examination of textile finds from Meinarti led to a new identification of pieces of textile, including fragments of furnishing textiles, most likely carpets, previously unnoticed in the assemblage. 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34407589" data-work_id="34407589" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34407589/Egypt_Ethiopia_Sudan_Abyssinia_the_Freemasonic_Orientalist_Fallacy_of_Ethiopianism_and_Nubia">Egypt, Ethiopia-Sudan, Abyssinia, the Freemasonic Orientalist Fallacy of Ethiopianism, and Nubia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In several previous articles, I examined the parallel characteristics of the fake colonial states of Sudan (real Ethiopia) and Abyssinia (fake Ethiopia) that have been the end result of the Freemasonic Orientalist fallacies of Pan-Arabism... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34407589" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In several previous articles, I examined the parallel characteristics of the fake colonial states of Sudan (real Ethiopia) and Abyssinia (fake Ethiopia) that have been the end result of the Freemasonic Orientalist fallacies of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism.<br /><br />In this article, I will examine a bogus-historical term that has been constructed by the Freemasonic Orientalist ateliers and academia of France and England to further spread confusion in the wider region, and – more importantly – consolidate the two fallacies in the area, namely the pseudo-doctrines of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism: Nubia. <br />First published in: <br /><a href="http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/143394" rel="nofollow">http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/143394</a><br /><br />Republished here:<br /><a href="http://www.oromoparliamentarians.org/English/Facts%20about%20Oromo/Ethiopia%20Kushati%20land.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.oromoparliamentarians.org/English/Facts%20about%20Oromo/Ethiopia%20Kushati%20land.htm</a> <br />and<br /><a href="http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006830;p=1" rel="nofollow">http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006830;p=1</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34407589" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f8d145a854d5dfaea29ed68c5040aff8" rel="nofollow" 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Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism: Nubia. \nFirst published in: \nhttp://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/143394\n\nRepublished here:\nhttp://www.oromoparliamentarians.org/English/Facts%20about%20Oromo/Ethiopia%20Kushati%20land.htm \nand\nhttp://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006830;p=1","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54288518,"asset_id":34407589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":118,"name":"Ancient Egyptian 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The new reading brings new evidence for both the political history of 14th-century Nubia and our... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2002258" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article proposes a re-reading of an Old Nubian graffito discovered in 1939 in the Abu Negila hills, some 200 km from the Nile Valley. The new reading brings new evidence for both the political history of 14th-century Nubia and our understanding of contacts between the Nile Valley and Kordofan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2002258" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a38434894e2b614e9eebc681a25a8ade" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":29059464,"asset_id":2002258,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29059464/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2002258 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2002258"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2002258, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2002258", }); 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The new reading brings new evidence for both the political history of 14th-century Nubia and our understanding of contacts between the Nile Valley and Kordofan.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29059464,"asset_id":2002258,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3292,"name":"Epigraphy (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy_Archaeology_?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":31375,"name":"Ancient Graffiti (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Graffiti_Archaeology_?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":614901,"name":"Kordofan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kordofan?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8278247" data-work_id="8278247" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8278247/THE_ICONOGRAPHY_OF_POWER_THE_POWER_OF_ICONOGRAPHY_THE_NUBIAN_ROYAL_IDEOLOGY_AND_ITS_EXPRESSION_IN_WALL_PAINTING">THE ICONOGRAPHY OF POWER – THE POWER OF ICONOGRAPHY: THE NUBIAN ROYAL IDEOLOGY AND ITS EXPRESSION IN WALL PAINTING</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8278247" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="229df99848b6ebef77ad13a2cc61caf1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53797858,"asset_id":8278247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53797858/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="562703" href="https://uw.academia.edu/DobrochnaZieli%C5%84ska">Dobrochna Zielinska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="562703" type="text/json">{"id":562703,"first_name":"Dobrochna","last_name":"Zielinska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"DobrochnaZielińska","display_name":"Dobrochna Zielinska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/DobrochnaZieli%C5%84ska?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/562703/201751/235278/s65_dobrochna.zieli_ska.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8278247 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8278247"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8278247, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8278247", }); 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js-work-card work_5849921" data-work_id="5849921" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5849921/On_the_Name_of_the_Capital_of_the_Nubian_Kingdom_of_Makuria">On the Name of the Capital of the Nubian Kingdom of Makuria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5849921" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bbe1794c9ab7337bfcd084d904637690" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32850188,"asset_id":5849921,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32850188/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8606844" href="https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar">Adam Łajtar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8606844" 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$(".js-view-count-work_5849921").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5849921"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Christian Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281518" type="text/json">{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5849921]'), work: {"id":5849921,"title":"On the Name of the Capital of the Nubian Kingdom of 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34408944/Discussion_about_my_article_Ancient_Sudan_Kush_or_Ethiopia_Egypt_Nubia_and_Abyssinia_in_Late_Antiquity_Part_I_Dr_Muhammad_Shamsaddin_Megalommatis">Discussion about my article Ancient Sudan (Kush or Ethiopia), Egypt, Nubia, and Abyssinia in Late Antiquity. Part I Dr. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pan-Arabism was the fake doctrine fabricated by the colonial Orientalist academia in order to project the fake Arab identity onto the former. Ethiopianism was the fake doctrine fabricated by the colonial Orientalist academia in order to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34408944" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pan-Arabism was the fake doctrine fabricated by the colonial Orientalist academia in order to project the fake Arab identity onto the former. <br /><br />Ethiopianism was the fake doctrine fabricated by the colonial Orientalist academia in order to project the fake Ethiopian identity onto the latter.<br /><br />I underscored that the evil, colonial diplomacy and academia, in order to better implement Pan-Arabism in Sudan and effectively disorient the Arabic-speaking Sudanese from the search of their true Kushitic – Ethiopian identity and historical heritage, machinated the renaming of the Kushitic – Ethiopian Antiquity, monuments, History, and culture as "Nubian". This is a misnomer.<br /><br />To clarify that the non-Egyptian antiquities of the Egyptian South and the Sudanese North cannot be called "Nubian", I initiated a series of articles, presenting the historical interaction among the Hamitic – Kushitic Egyptians, the Kushitic Ethiopians (ancestors to today's Arabic-speaking Sudanese, Oromos, Sidamas, and other Eastern African Kushites), and the Medjay – Nubians, who are ancestors to the modern Nubians. The latter may now be the exclusive inhabitants of a vast part of the territory of Ancient Kush (Ethiopia), namely from the South of Aswan to Wadi Halfa and further to Debba, but in the Antiquity, they were a minority in the said territory (and in the rest of Egypt); furthermore, the Ancient Nubians never formed a state of their own in the pre-Christian times. <br /><br />Consequently, the Nubians cannot be considered as the only or the primary heir to either the Egyptian or the Kushitic / Ethiopian Antiquity, History, monuments, and Heritage. The term "Nubian" cannot be given to the kings of Kerma, Napata and Meroe – the three most important capitals of Pre-Christian Kush / Ethiopia – because these kings were not Nubians but Kushites / Ethiopians; speaking at both, the ethnic and the linguistic levels, they were as different as the Ancient Greeks from the Ancient Babylonians. <br />June 04, 2010<br /><a href="https://mereja.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=59294" rel="nofollow">https://mereja.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=59294</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34408944" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df05e16d61e81d3e5689bb3e726cf8bd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54289503,"asset_id":34408944,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54289503/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44497389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis">Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44497389" type="text/json">{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34408944 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34408944"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34408944, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34408944", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34408944]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34408944").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34408944").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34408944"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">57</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion">Ancient Egyptian Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="118" type="text/json">{"id":118,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34408944]'), work: {"id":34408944,"title":"Discussion about my article Ancient Sudan (Kush or Ethiopia), Egypt, Nubia, and Abyssinia in Late Antiquity. Part I Dr. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis","created_at":"2017-08-30T04:42:17.756-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34408944/Discussion_about_my_article_Ancient_Sudan_Kush_or_Ethiopia_Egypt_Nubia_and_Abyssinia_in_Late_Antiquity_Part_I_Dr_Muhammad_Shamsaddin_Megalommatis?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_34408944","summary":"Pan-Arabism was the fake doctrine fabricated by the colonial Orientalist academia in order to project the fake Arab identity onto the former. \n\nEthiopianism was the fake doctrine fabricated by the colonial Orientalist academia in order to project the fake Ethiopian identity onto the latter.\n\nI underscored that the evil, colonial diplomacy and academia, in order to better implement Pan-Arabism in Sudan and effectively disorient the Arabic-speaking Sudanese from the search of their true Kushitic – Ethiopian identity and historical heritage, machinated the renaming of the Kushitic – Ethiopian Antiquity, monuments, History, and culture as \"Nubian\". This is a misnomer.\n\nTo clarify that the non-Egyptian antiquities of the Egyptian South and the Sudanese North cannot be called \"Nubian\", I initiated a series of articles, presenting the historical interaction among the Hamitic – Kushitic Egyptians, the Kushitic Ethiopians (ancestors to today's Arabic-speaking Sudanese, Oromos, Sidamas, and other Eastern African Kushites), and the Medjay – Nubians, who are ancestors to the modern Nubians. The latter may now be the exclusive inhabitants of a vast part of the territory of Ancient Kush (Ethiopia), namely from the South of Aswan to Wadi Halfa and further to Debba, but in the Antiquity, they were a minority in the said territory (and in the rest of Egypt); furthermore, the Ancient Nubians never formed a state of their own in the pre-Christian times. \n\nConsequently, the Nubians cannot be considered as the only or the primary heir to either the Egyptian or the Kushitic / Ethiopian Antiquity, History, monuments, and Heritage. The term \"Nubian\" cannot be given to the kings of Kerma, Napata and Meroe – the three most important capitals of Pre-Christian Kush / Ethiopia – because these kings were not Nubians but Kushites / Ethiopians; speaking at both, the ethnic and the linguistic levels, they were as different as the Ancient Greeks from the Ancient Babylonians. \nJune 04, 2010\nhttps://mereja.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2\u0026t=59294","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54289503,"asset_id":34408944,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":118,"name":"Ancient Egyptian 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The Congress was organised by Organized by The Serbian National Committee of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69766288" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The program including title of paper and power point slides presented during the "23rd International Congress of Byzantine Studies" on 28th of August 2016, p.37. The Congress was organised by Organized by<br />The Serbian National Committee of Byzantine Studies Association Internationale des Études Byzantines in cooperation with Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts<br />Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts University of Belgrade<br />Faculty of Philology of the Belgrade University<br />Faculty of Law of the Belgrade University</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69766288" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="892fcee7b6dc736db64af9c559d94780" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79735490,"asset_id":69766288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79735490/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2122331" href="https://uksw.academia.edu/Magdalena%C5%81apta%C5%9B">Magdalena Łaptaś</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2122331" type="text/json">{"id":2122331,"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Łaptaś","domain_name":"uksw","page_name":"MagdalenaŁaptaś","display_name":"Magdalena Łaptaś","profile_url":"https://uksw.academia.edu/Magdalena%C5%81apta%C5%9B?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2122331/689101/28548253/s65_magda._apta_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69766288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69766288"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69766288, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69766288", }); 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Proceedings of the 12th Conference for Nubian Studies, Louvain/Paris/Walpole, MA, Peeters, 2014, p. 989-1004</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7888894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6656d2713d25456f6e893c724b338bf6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36950483,"asset_id":7888894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36950483/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="313941" href="https://xn--universitlyon2-jkb.academia.edu/RobinSeignobos">Robin Seignobos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="313941" type="text/json">{"id":313941,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Seignobos","domain_name":"xn--universitlyon2-jkb","page_name":"RobinSeignobos","display_name":"Robin Seignobos","profile_url":"https://xn--universitlyon2-jkb.academia.edu/RobinSeignobos?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/313941/77552/5884301/s65_robin.seignobos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7888894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7888894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7888894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7888894", }); 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The Evidence of Maps (12th-14th cent.) », dans J.R Anderson, D.A. Welsby (dir.), The Fourth Cataract and Beyond. Proceedings of the 12th Conference for Nubian Studies, Louvain/Paris/Walpole, MA, Peeters, 2014, p. 989-1004","created_at":"2014-08-05T20:01:17.463-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7888894/_Nubia_and_Nubians_in_Medieval_Latin_Culture_The_Evidence_of_Maps_12th_14th_cent_dans_J_R_Anderson_D_A_Welsby_dir_The_Fourth_Cataract_and_Beyond_Proceedings_of_the_12th_Conference_for_Nubian_Studies_Louvain_Paris_Walpole_MA_Peeters_2014_p_989_1004?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_7888894","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36950483,"asset_id":7888894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":313941,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Seignobos","domain_name":"xn--universitlyon2-jkb","page_name":"RobinSeignobos","display_name":"Robin Seignobos","profile_url":"https://xn--universitlyon2-jkb.academia.edu/RobinSeignobos?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/313941/77552/5884301/s65_robin.seignobos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12666,"name":"Medieval Cartography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Cartography?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":150068,"name":"Nile River Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nile_River_Basin?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":340987,"name":"Medieval Mappae Mundi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Mappae_Mundi?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34408759" data-work_id="34408759" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34408759/Discussion_about_my_article_Egypt_Ethiopia_Sudan_Abyssinia_the_Freemasonic_Orientalist_Fallacy_of_Ethiopianism_and_Nubia_in_the_Forum_Egypt_Search">Discussion about my article "Egypt, Ethiopia - Sudan, Abyssinia, the Freemasonic Orientalist Fallacy of Ethiopianism, and Nubia" in the Forum Egypt Search</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article, I will examine a bogus-historical term that has been constructed by the Freemasonic Orientalist ateliers and academia of France and England to further spread confusion in the wider region, and – more importantly –... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34408759" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article, I will examine a bogus-historical term that has been constructed by the Freemasonic Orientalist ateliers and academia of France and England to further spread confusion in the wider region, and – more importantly – consolidate the two fallacies in the area, namely the pseudo-doctrines of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism: Nubia. <br /><br />One must eventually refer beforehand to my earlier publications "Fake Sudan (Real Ethiopia) and Fake Ethiopia (Real Abyssinia): what is at stake?" and "Sudan (Real Ethiopia), Abyssinia (Fake Ethiopia): Evil Progeny of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism" to better understand the nature and the targets of the colonial interference and forgery. <br /><br />Freemasonic Orientalist Projection of False Identities onto Africans <br /><br />Summarizing the subject briefly, I would state that the customary colonial attitude of creating fake identities and projecting them onto the targeted victims – peoples, involved in the case of Sudan and Abyssinia (fake Ethiopia) the following binary method: <br /><br />1. Projection onto the Kushitic Arabic speaking populations of Central Sudan (who constitute the colonial state´s ruling elite) of a fake Pan-Arabist doctrine that would make of the Kushitic Arabic speaking populations of Sudan "Arabs" (therefore Semites), totally cutting them off the historical greatness and heritage of Ancient Kush (Cush) / Ethiopia. This would totally deform and alter the real identity of the Kushitic Arabic speaking populations of Central Sudan, effectively detaching them from their historical monuments, study, research, exploration and interpretation; the end result would be a) the prevention of an all-inclusive National History of Ethiopia (this is the correct name of Sudan) and b) the rise of a historically baseless and ignorant elite unable to run the country as per the indigenous peoples´ interests and incapable to properly assess the national history of the country. <br /><br />2. Projection onto the Semitic Amhara and Tigray Abyssinians (who constitute the ruling elite of the colonial state that is fallaciously called ´Ethiopia´, and govern tyrannically the numerous subjugated non-Semitic, Kushitic and Nilo-Saharan nations) of a fake Ethiopianist doctrine that would make of the Semitic Amhara and Tigray Abyssinians (who originate from Ancient Yemen) "amalgamated Kushites and Semites", treacherously attributing to them the historical greatness and heritage of Ancient Kush (Cush) / Ethiopia. This would facilitate the (unlawful and fake) justification of the Abyssinian occupation of Kushitic Ethiopian lands belonging to Oromos, Afars, Sidamas, Kaffas, Kambaatas and others. <br /><br /><a href="http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006830;p=1" rel="nofollow">http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006830;p=1</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34408759" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b6938fdbf26b67f04a65d6c4cd255669" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54289381,"asset_id":34408759,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54289381/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44497389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis">Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44497389" type="text/json">{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34408759 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34408759"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34408759, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34408759", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34408759]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34408759").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34408759").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34408759"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">55</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion">Ancient Egyptian Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="118" type="text/json">{"id":118,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34408759]'), work: {"id":34408759,"title":"Discussion about my article \"Egypt, Ethiopia - Sudan, Abyssinia, the Freemasonic Orientalist Fallacy of Ethiopianism, and Nubia\" in the Forum Egypt Search","created_at":"2017-08-30T04:27:09.697-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34408759/Discussion_about_my_article_Egypt_Ethiopia_Sudan_Abyssinia_the_Freemasonic_Orientalist_Fallacy_of_Ethiopianism_and_Nubia_in_the_Forum_Egypt_Search?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_34408759","summary":"In this article, I will examine a bogus-historical term that has been constructed by the Freemasonic Orientalist ateliers and academia of France and England to further spread confusion in the wider region, and – more importantly – consolidate the two fallacies in the area, namely the pseudo-doctrines of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism: Nubia. \n\nOne must eventually refer beforehand to my earlier publications \"Fake Sudan (Real Ethiopia) and Fake Ethiopia (Real Abyssinia): what is at stake?\" and \"Sudan (Real Ethiopia), Abyssinia (Fake Ethiopia): Evil Progeny of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism\" to better understand the nature and the targets of the colonial interference and forgery. \n\nFreemasonic Orientalist Projection of False Identities onto Africans \n\nSummarizing the subject briefly, I would state that the customary colonial attitude of creating fake identities and projecting them onto the targeted victims – peoples, involved in the case of Sudan and Abyssinia (fake Ethiopia) the following binary method: \n\n1. Projection onto the Kushitic Arabic speaking populations of Central Sudan (who constitute the colonial state´s ruling elite) of a fake Pan-Arabist doctrine that would make of the Kushitic Arabic speaking populations of Sudan \"Arabs\" (therefore Semites), totally cutting them off the historical greatness and heritage of Ancient Kush (Cush) / Ethiopia. This would totally deform and alter the real identity of the Kushitic Arabic speaking populations of Central Sudan, effectively detaching them from their historical monuments, study, research, exploration and interpretation; the end result would be a) the prevention of an all-inclusive National History of Ethiopia (this is the correct name of Sudan) and b) the rise of a historically baseless and ignorant elite unable to run the country as per the indigenous peoples´ interests and incapable to properly assess the national history of the country. \n\n2. Projection onto the Semitic Amhara and Tigray Abyssinians (who constitute the ruling elite of the colonial state that is fallaciously called ´Ethiopia´, and govern tyrannically the numerous subjugated non-Semitic, Kushitic and Nilo-Saharan nations) of a fake Ethiopianist doctrine that would make of the Semitic Amhara and Tigray Abyssinians (who originate from Ancient Yemen) \"amalgamated Kushites and Semites\", treacherously attributing to them the historical greatness and heritage of Ancient Kush (Cush) / Ethiopia. This would facilitate the (unlawful and fake) justification of the Abyssinian occupation of Kushitic Ethiopian lands belonging to Oromos, Afars, Sidamas, Kaffas, Kambaatas and others. \n\nhttp://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006830;p=1","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54289381,"asset_id":34408759,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":118,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural 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Moscow, 2016.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The book examines the church policy of the Roman Emperor Justinian the Great (527–565) in regard to the anti-Chalcedonians, who were inner-church group opposed to the definitions of the 4th Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon. The work covers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31380837" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The book examines the church policy of the Roman Emperor Justinian the Great (527–565) in regard to the anti-Chalcedonians, who were inner-church group opposed to the definitions of the 4th Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon. The work covers the period from 451 to 571 and deals with the background and immediate consequences of the policy of Justinian. The chosen aspect is investigated on the basis of the totality of western and eastern sources and the existent secondary literature on the subject. The foundations and peculiarities of Justinian’s policy and its impact on the subsequent development of church policy in the early medieval Roman (Byzantine) Empire are analyzed in detail. The text is provided with several appendices, which contain a Russian translation of the main church-political and theological writings of the Emperor Justinian, relevant to the topic of the monograph. The book is intended for specialists in the history of the Byzantine Empire and the early Middle Ages, the Church history, as well as for students of history and all those who are interested in this subject. It can also be used in the educational process as additional reading for the study of medieval history, the history of Byzantium and Church history.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31380837" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2cc5f4bd544f3158b7cc96c13ed26c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60810630,"asset_id":31380837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60810630/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8816859" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/MikhailGratsianskiy">Mikhail Gratsianskiy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8816859" type="text/json">{"id":8816859,"first_name":"Mikhail","last_name":"Gratsianskiy","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"MikhailGratsianskiy","display_name":"Mikhail Gratsianskiy","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/MikhailGratsianskiy?f_ri=281518","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31380837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31380837"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31380837, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31380837", }); 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Moscow, 2016.","created_at":"2017-02-11T23:46:29.447-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31380837/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_Emperor_Justinian_the_Great_and_the_Legacy_of_the_Council_of_Chalcedon_Moscow_2016?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_31380837","summary":"The book examines the church policy of the Roman Emperor Justinian the Great (527–565) in regard to the anti-Chalcedonians, who were inner-church group opposed to the definitions of the 4th Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon. The work covers the period from 451 to 571 and deals with the background and immediate consequences of the policy of Justinian. The chosen aspect is investigated on the basis of the totality of western and eastern sources and the existent secondary literature on the subject. The foundations and peculiarities of Justinian’s policy and its impact on the subsequent development of church policy in the early medieval Roman (Byzantine) Empire are analyzed in detail. The text is provided with several appendices, which contain a Russian translation of the main church-political and theological writings of the Emperor Justinian, relevant to the topic of the monograph. The book is intended for specialists in the history of the Byzantine Empire and the early Middle Ages, the Church history, as well as for students of history and all those who are interested in this subject. It can also be used in the educational process as additional reading for the study of medieval history, the history of Byzantium and Church history.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60810630,"asset_id":31380837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8816859,"first_name":"Mikhail","last_name":"Gratsianskiy","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"MikhailGratsianskiy","display_name":"Mikhail Gratsianskiy","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/MikhailGratsianskiy?f_ri=281518","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":990,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine 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href="https://www.academia.edu/10101207/Catalogue_of_the_Greek_Inscriptions_in_the_Sudan_National_Museum_at_Khartoum_I_Khartoum_Greek_Orientalia_Lovaniensia_Analecta_122_Leuven_Paris_Dudley_Ma_2003">Catalogue of the Greek Inscriptions in the Sudan National Museum at Khartoum (I. Khartoum Greek) [= Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 122], Leuven – Paris, Dudley, Ma. 2003 </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10101207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="23be5b7c432d7e743e36496080515d62" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57940719,"asset_id":10101207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57940719/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8606844" href="https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar">Adam Łajtar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8606844" type="text/json">{"id":8606844,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Łajtar","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"AdamŁajtar","display_name":"Adam Łajtar","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8606844/3345348/4015374/s65_adam.lajtar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10101207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10101207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10101207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10101207", }); 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Qasr el-Wizz, a case study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">" To date the research on the church architecture in Nubia has consistently failed to differentiate, territorially and historically, between two different Nubian kingdoms " (Godlewski 2006b) and one could add the third, Alodian, kingdom... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27656818" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">" To date the research on the church architecture in Nubia has consistently failed to differentiate, territorially and historically, between two different Nubian kingdoms " (Godlewski 2006b) and one could add the third, Alodian, kingdom to this. The author's involvement in a project to publish the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago excavations at the Qasr el-Wizz monastery has generated this study of the early architectural history of the katholikon at Qasr el-Wizz and its development, analyzed in the context of studies on Nubian Christianity. Due to a rampant misuse of terminology referring to the functional parts of churches in Nubian studies, a review of this vocabulary was deemed essential as a background for a presentation of the late George T. Scanlon's views on the development of this particular church, followed by the present author's addenda et corrigenda, and a discussion and conclusions for the study of Christian Nubian sacral architecture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27656818" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="16f865d9f90acbfb815d71ff9ad1feb0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47922243,"asset_id":27656818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47922243/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217995" href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski">Artur Obluski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217995" type="text/json">{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27656818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27656818"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27656818, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27656818", }); 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2002368" data-work_id="2002368" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2002368/Chronological_Systems_of_Christian_Nubia_JJP_Supplement_Series_16_Warsaw">Chronological Systems of Christian Nubia [= JJP Supplement Series 16], Warsaw</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It has long been known that Christian Nubia used several dating methods, yet only one of them, the lunar calendar, drew scholars’ more detailed attention. The present book is the first comprehensive analysis of all attestations of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2002368" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It has long been known that Christian Nubia used several dating methods, yet only one of them, the lunar calendar, drew scholars’ more detailed attention. The present book is the first comprehensive analysis of all attestations of counting time in medieval Nubia known to date. It discusses nine different aspects of keeping track of time, divided into two parts: ‘Annual dating methods’ and ‘Calendars’. The author on the one hand concentrates on indicating possible directions of influence that governed the use of particular dating methods in Nubia and on the other tries to prove the Nubians’ own inventiveness in this field. Each chapter is supplied with a set of tables and maps facilitating the comprehension of the collected material. The book should be used together with an on-line resource for textual sources from Christian Nubia, ‘The Database of Medieval Nubian Texts’, available at <a href="http://www.dbmnt.uw.edu.pl" rel="nofollow">www.dbmnt.uw.edu.pl</a>.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2002368" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="423b078aae4315703b510f3d91f37c4e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52140765,"asset_id":2002368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52140765/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2002368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2002368"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2002368, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2002368", }); 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The present book is the first comprehensive analysis of all attestations of counting time in medieval Nubia known to date. It discusses nine different aspects of keeping track of time, divided into two parts: ‘Annual dating methods’ and ‘Calendars’. The author on the one hand concentrates on indicating possible directions of influence that governed the use of particular dating methods in Nubia and on the other tries to prove the Nubians’ own inventiveness in this field. Each chapter is supplied with a set of tables and maps facilitating the comprehension of the collected material. The book should be used together with an on-line resource for textual sources from Christian Nubia, ‘The Database of Medieval Nubian Texts’, available at www.dbmnt.uw.edu.pl.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52140765,"asset_id":2002368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7257,"name":"Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":27637,"name":"Calendars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calendars?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":68575,"name":"History, Science, Astronomy, Ancient Chronological Systems, Calendars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Science_Astronomy_Ancient_Chronological_Systems_Calendars?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281518"},{"id":199959,"name":"Ancient chronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_chronology?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44917963" data-work_id="44917963" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44917963/Three_Bilingual_Greek_Old_Nubian_Psalms_from_Dongola_DP_2_4_with_Vincent_van_Gerven_Oei_">Three Bilingual Greek-Old Nubian Psalms from Dongola (DP 2–4) (with Vincent van Gerven Oei)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44917963" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49ac264bf0fa436473cde7c053c9818b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65441543,"asset_id":44917963,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65441543/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8606844" href="https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar">Adam Łajtar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8606844" type="text/json">{"id":8606844,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Łajtar","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"AdamŁajtar","display_name":"Adam Łajtar","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8606844/3345348/4015374/s65_adam.lajtar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44917963 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44917963"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44917963, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44917963", }); 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The Greek and Coptic Inscriptions [= Journal of Juristic Papyrology Supplement 13], Warsaw 2010 (with J. van der Vliet) </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7780100" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b7641e4278cdde2c3d8b97b9db4c3ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50771525,"asset_id":7780100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50771525/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8606844" href="https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar">Adam Łajtar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8606844" type="text/json">{"id":8606844,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Łajtar","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"AdamŁajtar","display_name":"Adam Łajtar","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8606844/3345348/4015374/s65_adam.lajtar.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-7780100">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-7780100"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JacquesvanderVliet">Jacques van der Vliet</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-7780100'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-7780100').html(); 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The Greek and Coptic Inscriptions [= Journal of Juristic Papyrology Supplement 13], Warsaw 2010 (with J. van der Vliet) ","created_at":"2014-07-25T08:12:19.778-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7780100/Qasr_Ibrim_The_Greek_and_Coptic_Inscriptions_Journal_of_Juristic_Papyrology_Supplement_13_Warsaw_2010_with_J_van_der_Vliet_?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_7780100","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50771525,"asset_id":7780100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8606844,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Łajtar","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"AdamŁajtar","display_name":"Adam Łajtar","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8606844/3345348/4015374/s65_adam.lajtar.jpg"},{"id":51853564,"first_name":"Jacques van der","last_name":"Vliet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JacquesvanderVliet","display_name":"Jacques van der 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class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/27655422/Aegyptus_et_Nubia_Christiana">Aegyptus et Nubia Christiana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The book we have edited presents thirty six peer-reviewed papers written by scholars involved in the studies on medieval Egypt and Nubia</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27655422" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0a501ad4b62d01a3d870a4cd83b3a676" rel="nofollow" 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$(".js-view-count-work_27655422").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27655422"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">34</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies">Coptic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10732" type="text/json">{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12452" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Languages_And_Linguistics_">Coptic (Languages And Linguistics)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12452" type="text/json">{"id":12452,"name":"Coptic (Languages And Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Languages_And_Linguistics_?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15434" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_textiles">Coptic textiles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15434" type="text/json">{"id":15434,"name":"Coptic textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_textiles?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations">Nubian-Egyptian Relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20549" type="text/json">{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new 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Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":311142,"name":"Papyrology (Demotic, Coptic, Greek)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology_Demotic_Coptic_Greek_?f_ri=281518"},{"id":332439,"name":"Nubian Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Inscriptions?f_ri=281518"},{"id":467562,"name":"Nubian Studies and Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Studies_and_Egyptology?f_ri=281518"},{"id":474160,"name":"Nubian Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Prehistory?f_ri=281518"},{"id":512365,"name":"Nubian Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Christianity?f_ri=281518"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281518"},{"id":1013197,"name":"Nubian Desert","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Desert?f_ri=281518"},{"id":1205769,"name":"Ancient Nubian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubian_History?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33517616 coauthored" data-work_id="33517616" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33517616/IN_SEARCH_OF_NUBIAN_MASTER_BUILDERS_AN_ARCHITECTURAL_DRAWING_FROM_THE_CATHEDRAL_IN_FARAS_Appendix_PRAYER_OF_A_YOUNG_WOMAN">IN SEARCH OF NUBIAN MASTER-BUILDERS: AN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING FROM THE CATHEDRAL IN FARAS Appendix: PRAYER OF A YOUNG WOMAN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A glance at a makeshift drawing from the cathedral in Faras suggests that it may depict the ground plan of a church. Nevertheless, the naive appearance of the sketch and an almost complete lack of sufficient parallels from either Nubia or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33517616" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A glance at a makeshift drawing from the cathedral in Faras suggests that it may depict the ground plan of a church. Nevertheless, the naive appearance of the sketch and an almost complete lack of sufficient parallels from either Nubia or the Eastern Mediterranean make a proper examination of this assumption unfeasible. A reassessment of the architectural drawing from the cathedral, however, draws a wider perspective for a discussion of originality in Nubian architecture. The following paper presents the rather modest evidence available for a study of the nature of Nubian architecture from the point of view of its builders.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33517616" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="417ef7ad21bd41c5ef267e09018365aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53553331,"asset_id":33517616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53553331/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2359176" href="https://uw.academia.edu/PiotrMakowski">Piotr Makowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2359176" type="text/json">{"id":2359176,"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Makowski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PiotrMakowski","display_name":"Piotr Makowski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PiotrMakowski?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2359176/17624596/112295512/s65_piotr.makowski.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33517616">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33517616"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA">Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean PCMA</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33517616'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33517616').html(); 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Nevertheless, the naive appearance of the sketch and an almost complete lack of sufficient parallels from either Nubia or the Eastern Mediterranean make a proper examination of this assumption unfeasible. A reassessment of the architectural drawing from the cathedral, however, draws a wider perspective for a discussion of originality in Nubian architecture. The following paper presents the rather modest evidence available for a study of the nature of Nubian architecture from the point of view of its builders.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53553331,"asset_id":33517616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2359176,"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Makowski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PiotrMakowski","display_name":"Piotr Makowski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PiotrMakowski?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2359176/17624596/112295512/s65_piotr.makowski.jpg"},{"id":40708025,"first_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","last_name":"PCMA","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA","display_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 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class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ŚWIĘTYCH W SZTUCE OBCOWANIE, interdyscyplinarna konferencja naukowa Katedra Kultury Artystycznej Instytut Historii Sztuki Wydział Nauk Historycznych UKSW, piątek, 4 marca 2022 (online), kontakt: sekretarz konferencji, dr Magdalena... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72205647" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ŚWIĘTYCH W SZTUCE OBCOWANIE, interdyscyplinarna konferencja naukowa Katedra Kultury Artystycznej Instytut Historii Sztuki<br />Wydział Nauk Historycznych UKSW, piątek, 4 marca 2022 (online),<br />kontakt: sekretarz konferencji, dr Magdalena Białonowska <a href="mailto:m.bialonowska@uksw.edu.pl" rel="nofollow">m.bialonowska@uksw.edu.pl</a> <br />link dla słuchaczy wygeneruje CSI<br />opracowanie graficzne: Milena Bownik <a 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Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98382" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icons">Icons</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98382" type="text/json">{"id":98382,"name":"Icons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icons?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Christian Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281518" type="text/json">{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40386608]'), work: {"id":40386608,"title":"A fragmentary wooden icon found in the Church of Raphael 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns">Settlement Patterns</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5063" type="text/json">{"id":5063,"name":"Settlement Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5293" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation">State Formation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5293" type="text/json">{"id":5293,"name":"State Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16670" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_And_Medieval_Settlement_Archaeology_">Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16670" type="text/json">{"id":16670,"name":"Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement 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(Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_And_Medieval_Settlement_Archaeology_?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":19416,"name":"State Formation And Social Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation_And_Social_Transformation?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281518"},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":30344,"name":"The archaeology of state formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_archaeology_of_state_formation?f_ri=281518"},{"id":40780,"name":"Settlement archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_archaeology?f_ri=281518"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281518"},{"id":720743,"name":"State and State Formation in Sub Saharan Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_and_State_Formation_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35045597" data-work_id="35045597" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35045597/The_Secret_Reasons_of_the_Darfur_Genocide_fake_Arabic_imposed_on_Non_Arabs_2006_">The Secret Reasons of the Darfur Genocide: fake Arabic imposed on Non-Arabs (2006)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Only through an exhaustive, in-depth approach to the reasons that have caused the ongoing Darfur Genocide, and following a thorough understanding of the criminal work of the French, namely the fabrication of a false language, an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35045597" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Only through an exhaustive, in-depth approach to the reasons that have caused the ongoing Darfur Genocide, and following a thorough understanding of the criminal work of the French, namely the fabrication of a false language, an inexistent culture, and a bogus-nation, can people realize the tragedy befallen on the various peoples of Sudan – that are all non-Arabs.<br /><br />All people in Khartoum know already that they live the end of a long tyrannical experience; they have not identified the forthcoming solution, but they have the real feeling that the nightmare named ‘Sudan’ has already its expiry date. It was about time!<br /><br />No one knows the details of the final, ultimate division of Sudan; even the number of the emanating countries is not precisely told. Will there finally be a Free Nubia? Will the Red Sea coast’s Beja / Blemmyes ultimately get the freedom they have fought so many centuries for? What will the various borders among the possibly 6 or 7 countries east of Chad look like?<br />The only issue they have no doubt about is Peace; Peace will be achieved only when all these various peoples and ethnic – religious groups will get their independence and enjoy their self-determination and freedom, following the cancellation of the murderous and inhuman frame of ‘Sudan’, a name that means just Death.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35045597" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f6530d1fac7c65e099c3bdd6eccb6f0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54906202,"asset_id":35045597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54906202/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44497389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis">Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44497389" type="text/json">{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35045597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35045597"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35045597, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35045597", }); 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they have not identified the forthcoming solution, but they have the real feeling that the nightmare named ‘Sudan’ has already its expiry date. It was about time!\n\nNo one knows the details of the final, ultimate division of Sudan; even the number of the emanating countries is not precisely told. Will there finally be a Free Nubia? Will the Red Sea coast’s Beja / Blemmyes ultimately get the freedom they have fought so many centuries for? What will the various borders among the possibly 6 or 7 countries east of Chad look like?\nThe only issue they have no doubt about is Peace; Peace will be achieved only when all these various peoples and ethnic – religious groups will get their independence and enjoy their self-determination and freedom, following the cancellation of the murderous and inhuman frame of ‘Sudan’, a name that means just Death.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54906202,"asset_id":35045597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34880689/Christian_Inscriptions_from_Egypt_and_Nubia_4_2016_">Christian Inscriptions from Egypt and Nubia 4 (2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Fourth installment of an annual overview of published inscriptions in Greek and Coptic from Christian Egypt and Nubia.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34880689" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d74b629c1d603987fa30a60256ac0e4" 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$('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34880689]'), work: {"id":34880689,"title":"Christian Inscriptions from Egypt and Nubia 4 (2016)","created_at":"2017-10-17T06:27:45.008-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34880689/Christian_Inscriptions_from_Egypt_and_Nubia_4_2016_?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_34880689","summary":"Fourth installment of an annual overview of published inscriptions in Greek and Coptic from Christian Egypt and Nubia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54740508,"asset_id":34880689,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1615122,"first_name":"Jitse","last_name":"Dijkstra","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"JitseDijkstra","display_name":"Jitse Dijkstra","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/JitseDijkstra?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1615122/563698/817690/s65_jitse.dijkstra.jpg"},{"id":51853564,"first_name":"Jacques van 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Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":45882,"name":"Ancient Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281518"},{"id":58841,"name":"Greek and Roman Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Epigraphy?f_ri=281518"},{"id":91218,"name":"Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":512365,"name":"Nubian Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Christianity?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27130845 coauthored" data-work_id="27130845" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27130845/The_northern_pastophorium_of_Nubian_churches_Ideology_and_function_on_the_basis_of_inscriptions_and_paintings_in_A_%C5%81ajtar_A_Ob%C5%82uski_I_Zych_eds_Aegyptus_et_Nubia_Christiana_The_W%C5%82odzimierz_Godlewski_Jubilee_Volume_on_the_Occasion_of_his_70th_Birthday_Warsaw_2016_pp_435_457">The northern pastophorium of Nubian churches: Ideology and function (on the basis of inscriptions and paintings) [in:] A. Łajtar, A. Obłuski, I. Zych (eds.), Aegyptus et Nubia Christiana. The Włodzimierz Godlewski Jubilee Volume on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday, Warsaw 2016, pp. 435-457</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A well established program can be observed in the decoration of the northern pastophoria of Nubian churches from the 9th/10th century onwards. It consisted of a painted representation of Jesus Christ blessing with his right hand the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27130845" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A well established program can be observed in the decoration of the northern pastophoria of Nubian churches from the 9th/10th century onwards. It consisted of a painted representation of Jesus Christ blessing with his right hand the chalice held in his left and inscriptions in Greek with prayers from the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts. The authors argue that this program was a Nubian creation, alluding to the function of the northern pastophorium as a place for storing oblations, keeping liturgical implements and liturgical reserve, and possibly also celebrating the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27130845" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c6729fc91040384fb88a6b85a8c8a9c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47723636,"asset_id":27130845,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47723636/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="562703" href="https://uw.academia.edu/DobrochnaZieli%C5%84ska">Dobrochna Zielinska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="562703" type="text/json">{"id":562703,"first_name":"Dobrochna","last_name":"Zielinska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"DobrochnaZielińska","display_name":"Dobrochna Zielinska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/DobrochnaZieli%C5%84ska?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/562703/201751/235278/s65_dobrochna.zieli_ska.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27130845">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27130845"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar">Adam Łajtar</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27130845'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27130845').html(); 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Łajtar, A. Obłuski, I. Zych (eds.), Aegyptus et Nubia Christiana. The Włodzimierz Godlewski Jubilee Volume on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday, Warsaw 2016, pp. 435-457","created_at":"2016-07-20T08:04:04.839-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27130845/The_northern_pastophorium_of_Nubian_churches_Ideology_and_function_on_the_basis_of_inscriptions_and_paintings_in_A_%C5%81ajtar_A_Ob%C5%82uski_I_Zych_eds_Aegyptus_et_Nubia_Christiana_The_W%C5%82odzimierz_Godlewski_Jubilee_Volume_on_the_Occasion_of_his_70th_Birthday_Warsaw_2016_pp_435_457?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_27130845","summary":"A well established program can be observed in the decoration of the northern pastophoria of Nubian churches from the 9th/10th century onwards. It consisted of a painted representation of Jesus Christ blessing with his right hand the chalice held in his left and inscriptions in Greek with prayers from the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts. The authors argue that this program was a Nubian creation, alluding to the function of the northern pastophorium as a place for storing oblations, keeping liturgical implements and liturgical reserve, and possibly also celebrating the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47723636,"asset_id":27130845,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":562703,"first_name":"Dobrochna","last_name":"Zielinska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"DobrochnaZielińska","display_name":"Dobrochna Zielinska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/DobrochnaZieli%C5%84ska?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/562703/201751/235278/s65_dobrochna.zieli_ska.jpg"},{"id":8606844,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Łajtar","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"AdamŁajtar","display_name":"Adam Łajtar","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/Adam%C5%81ajtar?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8606844/3345348/4015374/s65_adam.lajtar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14638,"name":"Byzantine Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Liturgy?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":25818,"name":"Church Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_Archaeology?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":664734,"name":"Oriental Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oriental_Christianity?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40378262" data-work_id="40378262" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40378262/_Archangels_as_Protectors_and_Guardians_in_Nubian_Art_">"Archangels as Protectors and Guardians in Nubian Art"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Archangels in Nubian Christianity played a very important role as protectors of people and intermediaries between them and the God. Therefore they were often presented in Nubian painting. The aim of this paper was to describe different... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40378262" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Archangels in Nubian Christianity played a very important role as protectors of people and intermediaries between them and the God. Therefore they were often presented in Nubian painting. The aim of this paper was to describe different scenes of archangels’ protections, with an attempt to enumerate several types of compositions and showing their iconological background.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40378262" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e2a7081b267f0d5f768e43e3d937872" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60627788,"asset_id":40378262,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60627788/download_file?st=MTc0MDk3NDkzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2122331" href="https://uksw.academia.edu/Magdalena%C5%81apta%C5%9B">Magdalena Łaptaś</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2122331" type="text/json">{"id":2122331,"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Łaptaś","domain_name":"uksw","page_name":"MagdalenaŁaptaś","display_name":"Magdalena Łaptaś","profile_url":"https://uksw.academia.edu/Magdalena%C5%81apta%C5%9B?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2122331/689101/28548253/s65_magda._apta_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40378262 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40378262"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40378262, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40378262", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40378262]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40378262").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40378262").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40378262"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7456" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angelology">Angelology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7456" type="text/json">{"id":7456,"name":"Angelology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angelology?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13625" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingship_Medieval_History_">Kingship (Medieval History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13625" type="text/json">{"id":13625,"name":"Kingship (Medieval History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingship_Medieval_History_?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42716" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Art_and_Archaeology">Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42716" type="text/json">{"id":42716,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91865" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography_and_Iconology">Iconography and Iconology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="91865" type="text/json">{"id":91865,"name":"Iconography and Iconology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography_and_Iconology?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40378262]'), work: {"id":40378262,"title":"\"Archangels as Protectors and Guardians in Nubian Art\"","created_at":"2019-09-17T18:31:49.094-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40378262/_Archangels_as_Protectors_and_Guardians_in_Nubian_Art_?f_ri=281518","dom_id":"work_40378262","summary":"Archangels in Nubian Christianity played a very important role as protectors of people and intermediaries between them and the God. Therefore they were often presented in Nubian painting. The aim of this paper was to describe different scenes of archangels’ protections, with an attempt to enumerate several types of compositions and showing their iconological background. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60627788,"asset_id":40378262,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2122331,"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Łaptaś","domain_name":"uksw","page_name":"MagdalenaŁaptaś","display_name":"Magdalena Łaptaś","profile_url":"https://uksw.academia.edu/Magdalena%C5%81apta%C5%9B?f_ri=281518","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2122331/689101/28548253/s65_magda._apta_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7456,"name":"Angelology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angelology?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":13625,"name":"Kingship (Medieval History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingship_Medieval_History_?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":42716,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":91865,"name":"Iconography and Iconology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography_and_Iconology?f_ri=281518","nofollow":true},{"id":122938,"name":"Medieval Wall Paintings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Wall_Paintings?f_ri=281518"},{"id":125431,"name":"Byzantine art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_art?f_ri=281518"},{"id":144851,"name":"Wall Paintings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wall_Paintings?f_ri=281518"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281518"},{"id":431485,"name":"Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saint_Michael_the_Archangel?f_ri=281518"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281518"},{"id":2777590,"name":"Archangels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archangels?f_ri=281518"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div 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