CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Medieval Nubia Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="O86evSv4KJxSlieFoJOf-UTY2Q-V4OwhkDM9XJyQ8v8l2rufh0eG8faDLT0yVaNYC0s1Ok6BZ1B-QeDJBq0TSw" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?after=50%2C37662026" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Medieval Nubia Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '107520bac59918e2ceae62eaadd15bff3d1e7904'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":13992,"monthly_visitors":"112 million","monthly_visitor_count":112700140,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":112,"user_count":284120119,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1741011030000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1741011030000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-a7f06b7b91deb14294c0fd04acc3d1303a356edfef84048171548420b79efa13.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-caa56a0f54c25da9fc0ce496a02fe99f5ff17476fd61737267d5dfef010828de.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Medieval Nubia</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">99 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Medieval Nubia</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Medieval_Nubia">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8278315" data-work_id="8278315" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8278315/The_painted_decoration_of_the_church_at_Sonqi_Tino_in_the_context_of_the_iconographical_program_of_Nubian_churches">The painted decoration of the church at Sonqi Tino in the context of the iconographical program of Nubian churches</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">sapienza università di roma dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità E S T R A T T O dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità Direttore enzo lippolis Comitato di Direzione maria Giovanna Biga, savino di lernia, eugenia equini schneider,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8278315" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">sapienza università di roma dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità E S T R A T T O dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità Direttore enzo lippolis Comitato di Direzione maria Giovanna Biga, savino di lernia, eugenia equini schneider, Giovanna maria Forni, Gian luca Gregori, laura maria michetti, Frances pinnock, loredana sist, maurizio sonnino, eleonora tagliaferro Comitato scientifico rosa maria albanese (catania), Graeme Barker (cambridge), corinne Bonnet (toulouse), alain Bresson (chicago), Jean-marie durand (paris), alessandro Garcea (lyon), andrea Giardina (Firenze), michel Gras (roma), henner von hesberg (roma-dai), tonio hölscher (heidelberg), mario liverani (roma), paolo matthiae (roma), athanasios rizakis (atene), Guido vannini (Firenze), alan Walmsley (copenhagen) Redazione laura maria michetti sapienza università di roma E S T R</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8278315" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db210d93cb18eecf1024b389d47f643b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34693119,"asset_id":8278315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34693119/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="562703" href="https://uw.academia.edu/DobrochnaZieli%C5%84ska">Dobrochna Zielinska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="562703" type="text/json">{"id":562703,"first_name":"Dobrochna","last_name":"Zielinska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"DobrochnaZielińska","display_name":"Dobrochna Zielinska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/DobrochnaZieli%C5%84ska?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/562703/201751/235278/s65_dobrochna.zieli_ska.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8278315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8278315"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8278315, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8278315", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8278315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8278315; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8278315"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8278315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8278315"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8278315; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8278315]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8278315").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8278315").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8278315"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Iconography">Byzantine Iconography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14639" type="text/json">{"id":14639,"name":"Byzantine Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Iconography?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Iconography">Christian Iconography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27032" type="text/json">{"id":27032,"name":"Christian Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Iconography?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia">Ancient Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40806" type="text/json">{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="125431" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_art">Byzantine art</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="125431" type="text/json">{"id":125431,"name":"Byzantine art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_art?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8278315]'), work: {"id":8278315,"title":"The painted decoration of the church at Sonqi Tino in the context of the iconographical program of Nubian churches","created_at":"2014-09-10T16:07:35.381-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8278315/The_painted_decoration_of_the_church_at_Sonqi_Tino_in_the_context_of_the_iconographical_program_of_Nubian_churches?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_8278315","summary":"sapienza università di roma dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità E S T R A T T O dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità Direttore enzo lippolis Comitato di Direzione maria Giovanna Biga, savino di lernia, eugenia equini schneider, Giovanna maria Forni, Gian luca Gregori, laura maria michetti, Frances pinnock, loredana sist, maurizio sonnino, eleonora tagliaferro Comitato scientifico rosa maria albanese (catania), Graeme Barker (cambridge), corinne Bonnet (toulouse), alain Bresson (chicago), Jean-marie durand (paris), alessandro Garcea (lyon), andrea Giardina (Firenze), michel Gras (roma), henner von hesberg (roma-dai), tonio hölscher (heidelberg), mario liverani (roma), paolo matthiae (roma), athanasios rizakis (atene), Guido vannini (Firenze), alan Walmsley (copenhagen) Redazione laura maria michetti sapienza università di roma E S T R","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34693119,"asset_id":8278315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":562703,"first_name":"Dobrochna","last_name":"Zielinska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"DobrochnaZielińska","display_name":"Dobrochna Zielinska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/DobrochnaZieli%C5%84ska?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/562703/201751/235278/s65_dobrochna.zieli_ska.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14639,"name":"Byzantine Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Iconography?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":27032,"name":"Christian Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Iconography?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":125431,"name":"Byzantine art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_art?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":561599,"name":"Byzantine painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_painting?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38226589" data-work_id="38226589" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38226589/From_Siena_to_Nubia_Travels_of_Alessandro_Ricci_in_Egypt_and_Sudan_1817_1822_Table_of_Contents_">From Siena to Nubia. Travels of Alessandro Ricci in Egypt and Sudan, 1817-1822 (Table of Contents)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A medical practitioner and talented draftsman, Alessandro Ricci was born in Siena, Italy, at the end of the eighteenth century. He traveled extensively throughout Egypt and Sudan between 1817 and 1822. During his stay, he worked as an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38226589" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A medical practitioner and talented draftsman, Alessandro Ricci was born in Siena, Italy, at the end of the eighteenth century. He traveled extensively throughout Egypt and Sudan between 1817 and 1822. During his stay, he worked as an epigraphist for Giovanni B. Belzoni in the tomb of Seti I and later entered into the service of British consul general Henry Salt and English explorer William John Bankes, on whose behalf he visited and documented Siwa (1820), Sinai (1820), and Nubia (1818–19 and 1821–22). Ricci also became the physician to Ibrahim Pasha and achieved fame for daringly saving his life during the military campaign that led to Egypt’s conquest of Sudan in 1821–22. Upon his return to Italy, Ricci wrote a long account of all his journeys and reworked a series of ninety plates into striking form, yet failed to publish either.<br />In 2009, Daniele Salvoldi identified a complete typewritten copy of Ricci’s Travels in the National Archives of Egypt in Cairo. Drawings intended to accompany the text as plates were tracked down in different locations in Italy and the United Kingdom. From Siena to Nubia is the English-translated critical edition, with notes and introductory chapters, of Ricci’s travel account, which provides detailed information about the countries he visited, including descriptions of ancient ruins and social customs, botanical and geological remarks, and historical and ethnographic observations. It adds to the recent, growing corpus of exploration literature on nineteenth-century Egypt as well as bringing to light obscure sources important to the early history of Egyptology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38226589" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6030dfaea2ad0870d8804f2948554b9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58269409,"asset_id":38226589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58269409/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49503" href="https://bue.academia.edu/DanieleSalvoldi">Daniele Salvoldi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49503" type="text/json">{"id":49503,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Salvoldi","domain_name":"bue","page_name":"DanieleSalvoldi","display_name":"Daniele Salvoldi","profile_url":"https://bue.academia.edu/DanieleSalvoldi?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49503/15227/108007792/s65_daniele.salvoldi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38226589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38226589"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38226589, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38226589", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38226589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38226589; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38226589"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38226589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38226589"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38226589; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38226589]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38226589").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38226589").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38226589"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="394" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology">Egyptology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="394" type="text/json">{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7063" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Museums">History of Museums</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7063" type="text/json">{"id":7063,"name":"History of Museums","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Museums?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12537" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt">Egypt</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12537" type="text/json">{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15761" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Collections">History of Collections</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15761" type="text/json">{"id":15761,"name":"History of Collections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Collections?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38226589]'), work: {"id":38226589,"title":"From Siena to Nubia. Travels of Alessandro Ricci in Egypt and Sudan, 1817-1822 (Table of Contents)","created_at":"2019-01-26T11:28:49.285-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38226589/From_Siena_to_Nubia_Travels_of_Alessandro_Ricci_in_Egypt_and_Sudan_1817_1822_Table_of_Contents_?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_38226589","summary":"A medical practitioner and talented draftsman, Alessandro Ricci was born in Siena, Italy, at the end of the eighteenth century. He traveled extensively throughout Egypt and Sudan between 1817 and 1822. During his stay, he worked as an epigraphist for Giovanni B. Belzoni in the tomb of Seti I and later entered into the service of British consul general Henry Salt and English explorer William John Bankes, on whose behalf he visited and documented Siwa (1820), Sinai (1820), and Nubia (1818–19 and 1821–22). Ricci also became the physician to Ibrahim Pasha and achieved fame for daringly saving his life during the military campaign that led to Egypt’s conquest of Sudan in 1821–22. Upon his return to Italy, Ricci wrote a long account of all his journeys and reworked a series of ninety plates into striking form, yet failed to publish either.\nIn 2009, Daniele Salvoldi identified a complete typewritten copy of Ricci’s Travels in the National Archives of Egypt in Cairo. Drawings intended to accompany the text as plates were tracked down in different locations in Italy and the United Kingdom. From Siena to Nubia is the English-translated critical edition, with notes and introductory chapters, of Ricci’s travel account, which provides detailed information about the countries he visited, including descriptions of ancient ruins and social customs, botanical and geological remarks, and historical and ethnographic observations. It adds to the recent, growing corpus of exploration literature on nineteenth-century Egypt as well as bringing to light obscure sources important to the early history of Egyptology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58269409,"asset_id":38226589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":58269410,"asset_id":38226589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49503,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Salvoldi","domain_name":"bue","page_name":"DanieleSalvoldi","display_name":"Daniele Salvoldi","profile_url":"https://bue.academia.edu/DanieleSalvoldi?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49503/15227/108007792/s65_daniele.salvoldi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":7063,"name":"History of Museums","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Museums?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":15761,"name":"History of Collections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Collections?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":21277,"name":"Travel Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Literature?f_ri=281511"},{"id":26289,"name":"History of Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Egyptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":43372,"name":"Egyptological Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptological_Archives?f_ri=281511"},{"id":87857,"name":"Sinai","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinai?f_ri=281511"},{"id":91218,"name":"Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy?f_ri=281511"},{"id":138666,"name":"Siwa Oasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siwa_Oasis?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25511331" data-work_id="25511331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25511331/Nubian_textiles_craft_trade_costume_and_identity_in_the_medieval_kingdom_of_Makuria">Nubian textiles: craft, trade, costume and identity in the medieval kingdom of Makuria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Grant of the National Science Centre (NCN) in Poland, project number Reg. No: 2015/19/P/HS3/0210</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25511331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83ecf931f4fc81a481ec5814e386cbb2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45833414,"asset_id":25511331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45833414/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="912376" href="https://uw.academia.edu/MagdalenaWozniak">Magdalena M Wozniak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="912376" type="text/json">{"id":912376,"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Wozniak","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MagdalenaWozniak","display_name":"Magdalena M Wozniak","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MagdalenaWozniak?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/912376/338496/34044551/s65_magdalena.wozniak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25511331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25511331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25511331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25511331", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25511331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25511331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25511331"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25511331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25511331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25511331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25511331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25511331").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25511331").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25511331"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2320" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles">Textiles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2320" type="text/json">{"id":2320,"name":"Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woven_Textiles">Woven Textiles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8686" type="text/json">{"id":8686,"name":"Woven Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woven_Textiles?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25511331]'), work: {"id":25511331,"title":"Nubian textiles: craft, trade, costume and identity in the medieval kingdom of Makuria","created_at":"2016-05-21T08:03:37.268-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25511331/Nubian_textiles_craft_trade_costume_and_identity_in_the_medieval_kingdom_of_Makuria?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_25511331","summary":"Grant of the National Science Centre (NCN) in Poland, project number Reg. No: 2015/19/P/HS3/0210","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45833414,"asset_id":25511331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":912376,"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Wozniak","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MagdalenaWozniak","display_name":"Magdalena M Wozniak","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MagdalenaWozniak?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/912376/338496/34044551/s65_magdalena.wozniak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2320,"name":"Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":8686,"name":"Woven Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woven_Textiles?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10685821" data-work_id="10685821" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10685821/A_Note_on_the_Medieval_Period_of_Sai_Island_Sudan">A Note on the Medieval Period of Sai Island, Sudan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10685821" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bbd0945909d616d1811efe2e43d85772" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36590082,"asset_id":10685821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36590082/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3071135" href="https://hivolda.academia.edu/HenrietteHafsaas">Henriette Hafsaas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3071135" type="text/json">{"id":3071135,"first_name":"Henriette","last_name":"Hafsaas","domain_name":"hivolda","page_name":"HenrietteHafsaas","display_name":"Henriette Hafsaas","profile_url":"https://hivolda.academia.edu/HenrietteHafsaas?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3071135/1009631/11145727/s65_henriette.hafsaas-tsakos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10685821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10685821"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10685821, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10685821", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10685821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10685821; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10685821"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10685821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10685821"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10685821; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10685821]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10685821").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10685821").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10685821"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology">Sudanese Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30178" type="text/json">{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32572" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan">Sudan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32572" type="text/json">{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia">Ancient Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40806" type="text/json">{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="139126" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Archaeology">Sudan Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="139126" type="text/json">{"id":139126,"name":"Sudan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10685821]'), work: {"id":10685821,"title":"A Note on the Medieval Period of Sai Island, Sudan","created_at":"2015-02-10T13:46:43.086-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10685821/A_Note_on_the_Medieval_Period_of_Sai_Island_Sudan?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_10685821","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36590082,"asset_id":10685821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3071135,"first_name":"Henriette","last_name":"Hafsaas","domain_name":"hivolda","page_name":"HenrietteHafsaas","display_name":"Henriette Hafsaas","profile_url":"https://hivolda.academia.edu/HenrietteHafsaas?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3071135/1009631/11145727/s65_henriette.hafsaas-tsakos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":139126,"name":"Sudan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33893232 coauthored" data-work_id="33893232" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33893232/Banganarti_and_Selib_in_the_2013_2014_and_2014_2015_seasons_With_apendices">Banganarti and Selib in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. With apendices.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Polish archaeological project excavating at the Nubian sites of Bangnarti and Selib concentrated on uncovering domestic architecture: the northeastern and southwestern districts at medieval Christian Banganarti and selected houses of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33893232" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Polish archaeological project excavating at the Nubian sites of Bangnarti and Selib concentrated on uncovering domestic architecture: the northeastern and southwestern districts at medieval Christian Banganarti and selected houses of Meroitic date at Selib 2. The conservation and restoration program put finishing touches on the Raphaelion church in Banganarti and did substantial work o the remains of the earlier churches. The oldest church from Selib 1 was investigated and dated to the 6th– 7th century based on a study of a well stratified ceramic assemblage. Pottery from the northern and southern refuse dumps ranged in date from the 9th to the 12th/13th century. A group of liturgical vessels, containing mostly small juglets and chalices, was distinguished in this assemblage. Exploration of the earlier Northern Building revealed pottery contemporaneous with the earliest phase of the church on site. Anthropological research was carried out on skeletal remains from the medieval cemeteries of Selib 1 and</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33893232" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab182efcfedaaafe128e6e231fb44c4f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53866840,"asset_id":33893232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53866840/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2511556" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro">Aneta Cedro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2511556" type="text/json">{"id":2511556,"first_name":"Aneta","last_name":"Cedro","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"AnetaCedro","display_name":"Aneta Cedro","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2511556/1986716/19780019/s65_aneta.cedro.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33893232">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33893232"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA">Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean PCMA</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33893232'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33893232').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33893232 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33893232"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33893232, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33893232", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33893232 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33893232; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33893232"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33893232 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33893232"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33893232; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33893232]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33893232").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33893232").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33893232"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13723" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology">Physical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13723" type="text/json">{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36548" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics">Nubian Ceramics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36548" type="text/json">{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Christian Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281518" type="text/json">{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33893232]'), work: {"id":33893232,"title":"Banganarti and Selib in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. With apendices.","created_at":"2017-07-15T11:42:07.622-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33893232/Banganarti_and_Selib_in_the_2013_2014_and_2014_2015_seasons_With_apendices?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_33893232","summary":"The Polish archaeological project excavating at the Nubian sites of Bangnarti and Selib concentrated on uncovering domestic architecture: the northeastern and southwestern districts at medieval Christian Banganarti and selected houses of Meroitic date at Selib 2. The conservation and restoration program put finishing touches on the Raphaelion church in Banganarti and did substantial work o the remains of the earlier churches. The oldest church from Selib 1 was investigated and dated to the 6th– 7th century based on a study of a well stratified ceramic assemblage. Pottery from the northern and southern refuse dumps ranged in date from the 9th to the 12th/13th century. A group of liturgical vessels, containing mostly small juglets and chalices, was distinguished in this assemblage. Exploration of the earlier Northern Building revealed pottery contemporaneous with the earliest phase of the church on site. Anthropological research was carried out on skeletal remains from the medieval cemeteries of Selib 1 and","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53866840,"asset_id":33893232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2511556,"first_name":"Aneta","last_name":"Cedro","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"AnetaCedro","display_name":"Aneta Cedro","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2511556/1986716/19780019/s65_aneta.cedro.jpg"},{"id":40708025,"first_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","last_name":"PCMA","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA","display_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean PCMA","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40708025/11086617/61052396/s65_polish_archaeology_in_the_mediterranean.pcma.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48973902 coauthored" data-work_id="48973902" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48973902/Oxford_Handbook_of_Ancient_Nubia_Contents">Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Contents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The cultures of Nubia built the earliest cities, states, and empires of inner Africa, but they remain relatively poorly known outside their modern descendants and the com-munity of archaeologists, historians, and art historians... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48973902" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The cultures of Nubia built the earliest cities, states, and empires of inner Africa, but they remain relatively poorly known outside their modern descendants and the com-munity of archaeologists, historians, and art historians researching them.  e earliest archaeological work in Nubia was motivated by its role as neighbor, trade partner, and enemy of ancient Egypt. Increasingly, however, ancient Nile-based Nubian cultures are recognized in their own right as the earliest complex societies in inner Africa. As agro-pastoral cultures, Nubian settlement, economy, political organization, and religious ideologies were organized differently from those of the urban, bureaucratic, and overwhelmingly agricultural states of Egypt and the ancient Middle East. Nubian societies are thus of great interest in comparative study, and are also recognized for their broader impact on histories of the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, as well as of neighboring areas.<br />Although the archaeology and history of Nubia remains incompletely known, the pace of research on Nubia has increased significantly in the last fifteen years.  It is partly because of new dam construction and resulting salvage excavation, partly because other areas of the Middle East and North Africa have become less accessible to research, and partly because of generous funding from the Qatar-Sudan Archaeological Project for about forty archaeological projects in Sudan from 2014 to 2020.  The most recent survey of ancient and medieval Nubia—David Edwards’s The Nubian Past (2004)—remains a thought-provoking and insightful overview, but does not take account of more recent research. This volume therefore gathers new research and analytical perspectives on these cultures in the hope that it will make them more accessible to scholars and the broader public.<br /><br />Edited by Emberling and Williams</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48973902" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d67242802019809940286b5f650364d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67365130,"asset_id":48973902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67365130/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2834841" rel="nofollow" href="https://uw.academia.edu/BruceWilliams">Bruce Williams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2834841" type="text/json">{"id":2834841,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"BruceWilliams","display_name":"Bruce Williams","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/BruceWilliams?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2834841/1444282/1767841/s65_bruce.williams.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-48973902">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-48973902"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://umich.academia.edu/GeoffEmberling">Geoff Emberling</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-48973902'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-48973902').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48973902 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48973902"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48973902, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48973902", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48973902 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48973902; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48973902"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48973902 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48973902"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48973902; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48973902]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48973902").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48973902").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48973902"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations">Nubian-Egyptian Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20549" type="text/json">{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia">Ancient Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40806" type="text/json">{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="678189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology">Nubian Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="678189" type="text/json">{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48973902]'), work: {"id":48973902,"title":"Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Contents","created_at":"2021-05-18T11:48:13.814-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48973902/Oxford_Handbook_of_Ancient_Nubia_Contents?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_48973902","summary":"The cultures of Nubia built the earliest cities, states, and empires of inner Africa, but they remain relatively poorly known outside their modern descendants and the com-munity of archaeologists, historians, and art historians researching them. e earliest archaeological work in Nubia was motivated by its role as neighbor, trade partner, and enemy of ancient Egypt. Increasingly, however, ancient Nile-based Nubian cultures are recognized in their own right as the earliest complex societies in inner Africa. As agro-pastoral cultures, Nubian settlement, economy, political organization, and religious ideologies were organized differently from those of the urban, bureaucratic, and overwhelmingly agricultural states of Egypt and the ancient Middle East. Nubian societies are thus of great interest in comparative study, and are also recognized for their broader impact on histories of the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, as well as of neighboring areas.\nAlthough the archaeology and history of Nubia remains incompletely known, the pace of research on Nubia has increased significantly in the last fifteen years. It is partly because of new dam construction and resulting salvage excavation, partly because other areas of the Middle East and North Africa have become less accessible to research, and partly because of generous funding from the Qatar-Sudan Archaeological Project for about forty archaeological projects in Sudan from 2014 to 2020. The most recent survey of ancient and medieval Nubia—David Edwards’s The Nubian Past (2004)—remains a thought-provoking and insightful overview, but does not take account of more recent research. This volume therefore gathers new research and analytical perspectives on these cultures in the hope that it will make them more accessible to scholars and the broader public.\n\nEdited by Emberling and Williams","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67365130,"asset_id":48973902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2834841,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"BruceWilliams","display_name":"Bruce Williams","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/BruceWilliams?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2834841/1444282/1767841/s65_bruce.williams.jpg"},{"id":493196,"first_name":"Geoff","last_name":"Emberling","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"GeoffEmberling","display_name":"Geoff Emberling","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/GeoffEmberling?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/493196/168792/527434/s65_geoff.emberling.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":1205760,"name":"Ancient Nubian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubian_Religion?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1205769,"name":"Ancient Nubian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubian_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1371343,"name":"Medieval Nubian Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubian_Art?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2580738,"name":"Egyptian and Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_and_Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40523472 coauthored" data-work_id="40523472" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40523472/Williams_and_Heidorn_The_OI_and_Nubia">Williams and Heidorn - The OI and Nubia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A summary account of Oriental Institute activities in Nubia, including reference to Breasted's earlier expeditions for the OI centennial volume. Numerous color photographs of scenes, sites, and objects are included to enhance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40523472" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A summary account of Oriental Institute activities in Nubia, including reference to Breasted's earlier expeditions for the OI centennial volume.  Numerous color photographs of scenes, sites, and objects are included to enhance publications that were black and white</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40523472" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ec3f9e005b7b33b21ed8443d7703357" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60797604,"asset_id":40523472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60797604/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2834841" rel="nofollow" href="https://uw.academia.edu/BruceWilliams">Bruce Williams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2834841" type="text/json">{"id":2834841,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"BruceWilliams","display_name":"Bruce Williams","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/BruceWilliams?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2834841/1444282/1767841/s65_bruce.williams.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40523472">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40523472"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://chicago.academia.edu/LisaHeidorn">Lisa A Heidorn</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40523472'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40523472').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40523472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40523472"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40523472, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40523472", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40523472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40523472; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40523472"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40523472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40523472"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40523472; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40523472]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40523472").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40523472").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40523472"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations">Nubian-Egyptian Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20549" type="text/json">{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36548" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics">Nubian Ceramics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36548" type="text/json">{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia">Ancient Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40806" type="text/json">{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40523472]'), work: {"id":40523472,"title":"Williams and Heidorn - The OI and Nubia","created_at":"2019-10-04T08:45:31.394-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40523472/Williams_and_Heidorn_The_OI_and_Nubia?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_40523472","summary":"A summary account of Oriental Institute activities in Nubia, including reference to Breasted's earlier expeditions for the OI centennial volume. Numerous color photographs of scenes, sites, and objects are included to enhance publications that were black and white","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60797604,"asset_id":40523472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2834841,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"BruceWilliams","display_name":"Bruce Williams","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/BruceWilliams?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2834841/1444282/1767841/s65_bruce.williams.jpg"},{"id":5376760,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Heidorn","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"LisaHeidorn","display_name":"Lisa A Heidorn","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/LisaHeidorn?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5376760/2360444/16306926/s65_lisa.heidorn.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34407589" data-work_id="34407589" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34407589/Egypt_Ethiopia_Sudan_Abyssinia_the_Freemasonic_Orientalist_Fallacy_of_Ethiopianism_and_Nubia">Egypt, Ethiopia-Sudan, Abyssinia, the Freemasonic Orientalist Fallacy of Ethiopianism, and Nubia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In several previous articles, I examined the parallel characteristics of the fake colonial states of Sudan (real Ethiopia) and Abyssinia (fake Ethiopia) that have been the end result of the Freemasonic Orientalist fallacies of Pan-Arabism... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34407589" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In several previous articles, I examined the parallel characteristics of the fake colonial states of Sudan (real Ethiopia) and Abyssinia (fake Ethiopia) that have been the end result of the Freemasonic Orientalist fallacies of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism.<br /><br />In this article, I will examine a bogus-historical term that has been constructed by the Freemasonic Orientalist ateliers and academia of France and England to further spread confusion in the wider region, and – more importantly – consolidate the two fallacies in the area, namely the pseudo-doctrines of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism: Nubia. <br />First published in: <br /><a href="http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/143394" rel="nofollow">http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/143394</a><br /><br />Republished here:<br /><a href="http://www.oromoparliamentarians.org/English/Facts%20about%20Oromo/Ethiopia%20Kushati%20land.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.oromoparliamentarians.org/English/Facts%20about%20Oromo/Ethiopia%20Kushati%20land.htm</a> <br />and<br /><a href="http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006830;p=1" rel="nofollow">http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006830;p=1</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34407589" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00214b2d920d63c7915aace08aa73ad1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54288518,"asset_id":34407589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54288518/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44497389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis">Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44497389" type="text/json">{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34407589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34407589"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34407589, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34407589", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34407589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34407589; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34407589"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34407589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34407589"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34407589; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34407589]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34407589").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34407589").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34407589"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">153</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion">Ancient Egyptian Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="118" type="text/json">{"id":118,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34407589]'), work: {"id":34407589,"title":"Egypt, Ethiopia-Sudan, Abyssinia, the Freemasonic Orientalist Fallacy of Ethiopianism, and Nubia","created_at":"2017-08-30T02:28:54.670-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34407589/Egypt_Ethiopia_Sudan_Abyssinia_the_Freemasonic_Orientalist_Fallacy_of_Ethiopianism_and_Nubia?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_34407589","summary":"In several previous articles, I examined the parallel characteristics of the fake colonial states of Sudan (real Ethiopia) and Abyssinia (fake Ethiopia) that have been the end result of the Freemasonic Orientalist fallacies of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism.\n\nIn this article, I will examine a bogus-historical term that has been constructed by the Freemasonic Orientalist ateliers and academia of France and England to further spread confusion in the wider region, and – more importantly – consolidate the two fallacies in the area, namely the pseudo-doctrines of Pan-Arabism and Ethiopianism: Nubia. \nFirst published in: \nhttp://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/143394\n\nRepublished here:\nhttp://www.oromoparliamentarians.org/English/Facts%20about%20Oromo/Ethiopia%20Kushati%20land.htm \nand\nhttp://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006830;p=1","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54288518,"asset_id":34407589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":118,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1692,"name":"Egyptian Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2985,"name":"Ethiopian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":3021,"name":"Colonial America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_America?f_ri=281511"},{"id":3793,"name":"Egyptian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=281511"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=281511"},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=281511"},{"id":7992,"name":"Eschatology and Apocalypticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eschatology_and_Apocalypticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":8827,"name":"East Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":8831,"name":"East Africa (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa_History_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":9616,"name":"Afrocentrism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afrocentrism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":9636,"name":"Oromo history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oromo_history?f_ri=281511"},{"id":9650,"name":"Cultural Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":9943,"name":"Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":12181,"name":"French colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_colonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=281511"},{"id":13269,"name":"Ethiopian languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_languages?f_ri=281511"},{"id":15150,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History_1600_-_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":17216,"name":"Freemasonry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freemasonry?f_ri=281511"},{"id":17266,"name":"Sudan and the Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_and_the_Middle_East?f_ri=281511"},{"id":18105,"name":"Graeco-Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Egypt?f_ri=281511"},{"id":18348,"name":"Research into Freemasonry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_into_Freemasonry?f_ri=281511"},{"id":18448,"name":"Ptolemaic Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_Egyptian_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20680,"name":"Egyptian religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_religion?f_ri=281511"},{"id":21009,"name":"Anthropology of Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Ethiopia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":21360,"name":"Somalia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somalia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":22079,"name":"Messianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Messianism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":22086,"name":"Cushitic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cushitic_Linguistics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":22492,"name":"Orientalism in art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism_in_art?f_ri=281511"},{"id":24771,"name":"Eschatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eschatology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":24817,"name":"History of Freemasonry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Freemasonry?f_ri=281511"},{"id":26289,"name":"History of Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Egyptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":26552,"name":"Sudanarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanarchaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":29542,"name":"Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predynastic_and_Early_Dynastic_Egypt?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30177,"name":"Kerma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kerma?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":32974,"name":"New Kingdom (Egyptology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Kingdom_Egyptology_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":33131,"name":"25th Dynasty (Egyptology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/25th_Dynasty_Egyptology_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":33835,"name":"Zionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zionism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":34746,"name":"Ancient Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":36417,"name":"Assyrian Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assyrian_Empire?f_ri=281511"},{"id":38194,"name":"Orientalism (Art History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism_Art_History_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40285,"name":"Africana Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africana_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":42716,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":43009,"name":"African Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Renaissance?f_ri=281511"},{"id":44006,"name":"Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":51334,"name":"Orientalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":52197,"name":"Colonial Discourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Discourse?f_ri=281511"},{"id":52629,"name":"Political Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":56352,"name":"Ancient Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egypt?f_ri=281511"},{"id":58749,"name":"Italian colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_colonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":61781,"name":"Orientalism and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism_and_Religion?f_ri=281511"},{"id":78656,"name":"Ethiopian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":81054,"name":"African history, African culture, African politics, African education, Afrocentrism, African-Centred Education, Black Psychology, Black Sociology, Black Family Research, Black Men, Black Youth, African Consciousness, Black Consciousness, Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_history_African_culture_African_politics_African_education_Afrocentrism_African-Centred?f_ri=281511"},{"id":82031,"name":"Orientalisme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalisme?f_ri=281511"},{"id":86306,"name":"Egypt and Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt_and_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":98001,"name":"History of the Freemasonry and the Theosophical Society in Central America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Freemasonry_and_the_Theosophical_Society_in_Central_America?f_ri=281511"},{"id":102551,"name":"Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Christianity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":108590,"name":"Meroitic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meroitic_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":110252,"name":"What is the Orientalist concept of the Islamic city","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/What_is_the_Orientalist_concept_of_the_Islamic_city?f_ri=281511"},{"id":110911,"name":"Somali studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somali_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":110912,"name":"Somali history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somali_history?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122213,"name":"Kambaata","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kambaata?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":126131,"name":"Egyptian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":139126,"name":"Sudan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":144707,"name":"Ethiopian Legal History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Legal_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":150156,"name":"Kambata","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kambata?f_ri=281511"},{"id":168863,"name":"Colonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":172961,"name":"Sudan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":187062,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa-1?f_ri=281511"},{"id":188525,"name":"Anti-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Colonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":198354,"name":"Orientalistica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalistica?f_ri=281511"},{"id":200264,"name":"South Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":211210,"name":"Ptolemaic Roman Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_Roman_Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":234292,"name":"Meroe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meroe?f_ri=281511"},{"id":242082,"name":"Critique of Orientalists Views","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Orientalists_Views?f_ri=281511"},{"id":248091,"name":"Oromo Folklore and Resistance Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oromo_Folklore_and_Resistance_Culture?f_ri=281511"},{"id":257246,"name":"18th Century Freemasonry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_Freemasonry?f_ri=281511"},{"id":271272,"name":"Ethiopia, Afar Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia_Afar_Region?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281447,"name":"Ethiopian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":307969,"name":"(Italian) Colonialism and Postcolonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Italian_Colonialism_and_Postcolonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":325125,"name":"Kushite Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kushite_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":340624,"name":"History of Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":343621,"name":"Sudanese studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":346013,"name":"Napata","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napata?f_ri=281511"},{"id":356531,"name":"Ethiopian-European encounter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian-European_encounter?f_ri=281511"},{"id":362097,"name":"classical Islamic paradigm vs. orientalist paradigm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/classical_Islamic_paradigm_vs._orientalist_paradigm?f_ri=281511"},{"id":363939,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology, Neolithic, cemetery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology_Neolithic_cemetery?f_ri=281511"},{"id":363944,"name":"Sudanese archaeology, Mesolithic, Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_archaeology_Mesolithic_Neolithic?f_ri=281511"},{"id":366248,"name":"Grammar of Kambata with Comparative Notes on the Highland East Cushitic Language Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grammar_of_Kambata_with_Comparative_Notes_on_the_Highland_East_Cushitic_Language_Groups?f_ri=281511"},{"id":381143,"name":"Ethiopianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopianism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":391715,"name":"Ethnicity and National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity_and_National_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":397096,"name":"Edward Said; orientalism; Anti-Westernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edward_Said_orientalism_Anti-Westernism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":428993,"name":"Ethiopian politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":433914,"name":"History and philosophy of freemasonry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_philosophy_of_freemasonry?f_ri=281511"},{"id":457093,"name":"Orientalistik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalistik?f_ri=281511"},{"id":459937,"name":"Abyssinian Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abyssinian_Crisis?f_ri=281511"},{"id":538424,"name":"Archaeology of Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Colonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":549250,"name":"Trade and history of the Kushite \u0026 Saite Periods in Egypt and the Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_and_history_of_the_Kushite_and_Saite_Periods_in_Egypt_and_the_Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":554507,"name":"political Islam in Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/political_Islam_in_Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":556782,"name":"Amhara people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amhara_people?f_ri=281511"},{"id":617038,"name":"Orientalist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalist_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":623230,"name":"Italian Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Colonialism-1?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":694525,"name":"Oromo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oromo?f_ri=281511"},{"id":699242,"name":"Somali politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somali_politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":741963,"name":"Orientalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalismo?f_ri=281511"},{"id":785908,"name":"Post-Orientalism. Al-Andalus.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Orientalism._Al-Andalus?f_ri=281511"},{"id":786718,"name":"Afrocentricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afrocentricity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":925663,"name":"Kushite and Saite Periods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kushite_and_Saite_Periods?f_ri=281511"},{"id":961079,"name":"Orientalism/occidentalism) and Stereotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism_occidentalism_and_Stereotypes?f_ri=281511"},{"id":962590,"name":"Arabic Translations of Orientalists Works","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Translations_of_Orientalists_Works?f_ri=281511"},{"id":970703,"name":"Nilotic Southern Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nilotic_Southern_Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":993142,"name":"Sudan/ Darfur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Darfur?f_ri=281511"},{"id":993963,"name":"Ethiopian Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Christianity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1014668,"name":"Afar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afar?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1036244,"name":"Egyptian Nubian Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Nubian_Population?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1286121,"name":"Afar Literature and Linguitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afar_Literature_and_Linguitics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1341948,"name":"Napatan Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napatan_Period?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1474194,"name":"SIdama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SIdama?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1647338,"name":"Oromo People Kushitic of Meroe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oromo_People_Kushitic_of_Meroe?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1663916,"name":"Italo-Abyssinian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italo-Abyssinian?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1892511,"name":"Sudanese Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1897500,"name":"Tigray","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tigray?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2044501,"name":"Ogaden","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ogaden?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2704560,"name":"The Italian invasion of Abyssinia in 1936","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Italian_invasion_of_Abyssinia_in_1936?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2738309,"name":"Kaffa nation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kaffa_nation?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2002258" data-work_id="2002258" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2002258/A_King_of_Makuria_in_Kordofan">A King of Makuria in Kordofan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article proposes a re-reading of an Old Nubian graffito discovered in 1939 in the Abu Negila hills, some 200 km from the Nile Valley. The new reading brings new evidence for both the political history of 14th-century Nubia and our... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2002258" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article proposes a re-reading of an Old Nubian graffito discovered in 1939 in the Abu Negila hills, some 200 km from the Nile Valley. The new reading brings new evidence for both the political history of 14th-century Nubia and our understanding of contacts between the Nile Valley and Kordofan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2002258" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="acf257ec87face8574060eec0a51e41e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":29059464,"asset_id":2002258,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29059464/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2002258 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2002258"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2002258, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2002258", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2002258 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2002258; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2002258"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2002258 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2002258"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2002258; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2002258]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2002258").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2002258").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2002258"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy_Archaeology_">Epigraphy (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3292" type="text/json">{"id":3292,"name":"Epigraphy (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31375" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Graffiti_Archaeology_">Ancient Graffiti (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31375" type="text/json">{"id":31375,"name":"Ancient Graffiti (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Graffiti_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106654" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian">Old Nubian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106654" type="text/json">{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2002258]'), work: {"id":2002258,"title":"A King of Makuria in Kordofan","created_at":"2012-10-06T20:20:13.790-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2002258/A_King_of_Makuria_in_Kordofan?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_2002258","summary":"The article proposes a re-reading of an Old Nubian graffito discovered in 1939 in the Abu Negila hills, some 200 km from the Nile Valley. The new reading brings new evidence for both the political history of 14th-century Nubia and our understanding of contacts between the Nile Valley and Kordofan.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29059464,"asset_id":2002258,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3292,"name":"Epigraphy (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":31375,"name":"Ancient Graffiti (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Graffiti_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":614901,"name":"Kordofan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kordofan?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37437017" data-work_id="37437017" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37437017/La_Nubie_des_royaumes_chr%C3%A9tiens_%C3%A0_la_domination_islamique_VIe_XVe_si%C3%A8cle_dans_F_X_Fauvelle_dir_L_Afrique_ancienne_De_l_Acacus_au_Zimbabwe_20_000_avant_notre_%C3%A8re_XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle_Paris_Belin_2018_p_226_253">La Nubie, des royaumes chrétiens à la domination islamique (VIe- XVe siècle) », dans F.-X. Fauvelle (dir.), L’Afrique ancienne. De l’Acacus au Zimbabwe. 20.000 avant notre ère – XVIIe siècle, Paris, Belin, 2018, p. 226-253.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cette contribution présente une synthèse de l’histoire médiévale de la Nubie depuis l’émergence des premiers royaumes et leur christianisation aux Ve-VIe siècles, jusqu’à leur chute au tournant du XVIe siècle. Elle est accompagnée d’une... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37437017" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cette contribution présente une synthèse de l’histoire médiévale de la Nubie depuis l’émergence des premiers royaumes et leur christianisation aux Ve-VIe siècles, jusqu’à leur chute au tournant du XVIe siècle. Elle est accompagnée d’une carte, de onze illustrations pourvues de légendes développées et de quatre encarts-texte.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37437017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5cce18aff72f01f4fa6a1f0c574e5d91" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64896588,"asset_id":37437017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64896588/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="313941" href="https://xn--universitlyon2-jkb.academia.edu/RobinSeignobos">Robin Seignobos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="313941" type="text/json">{"id":313941,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Seignobos","domain_name":"xn--universitlyon2-jkb","page_name":"RobinSeignobos","display_name":"Robin Seignobos","profile_url":"https://xn--universitlyon2-jkb.academia.edu/RobinSeignobos?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/313941/77552/5884301/s65_robin.seignobos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37437017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37437017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37437017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37437017", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37437017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37437017; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37437017"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37437017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37437017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37437017; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37437017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37437017").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37437017").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37437017"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37437017]'), work: {"id":37437017,"title":"La Nubie, des royaumes chrétiens à la domination islamique (VIe- XVe siècle) », dans F.-X. Fauvelle (dir.), L’Afrique ancienne. De l’Acacus au Zimbabwe. 20.000 avant notre ère – XVIIe siècle, Paris, Belin, 2018, p. 226-253.","created_at":"2018-09-18T07:02:33.331-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37437017/La_Nubie_des_royaumes_chr%C3%A9tiens_%C3%A0_la_domination_islamique_VIe_XVe_si%C3%A8cle_dans_F_X_Fauvelle_dir_L_Afrique_ancienne_De_l_Acacus_au_Zimbabwe_20_000_avant_notre_%C3%A8re_XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle_Paris_Belin_2018_p_226_253?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_37437017","summary":"Cette contribution présente une synthèse de l’histoire médiévale de la Nubie depuis l’émergence des premiers royaumes et leur christianisation aux Ve-VIe siècles, jusqu’à leur chute au tournant du XVIe siècle. Elle est accompagnée d’une carte, de onze illustrations pourvues de légendes développées et de quatre encarts-texte. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64896588,"asset_id":37437017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":313941,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Seignobos","domain_name":"xn--universitlyon2-jkb","page_name":"RobinSeignobos","display_name":"Robin Seignobos","profile_url":"https://xn--universitlyon2-jkb.academia.edu/RobinSeignobos?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/313941/77552/5884301/s65_robin.seignobos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29526328" data-work_id="29526328" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29526328/The_Holy_Trinity_in_Nubian_art">The Holy Trinity in Nubian art</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cover design: Dobrochna Zielińska Original series book and cover design: MOYO Teresa Witkowska Typesetting: Tomasz Szmagier Cover: Unearthing walls along the northeastern stretch of the fortifications, view from the east (Photo D.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29526328" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cover design: Dobrochna Zielińska Original series book and cover design: MOYO Teresa Witkowska Typesetting: Tomasz Szmagier Cover: Unearthing walls along the northeastern stretch of the fortifications, view from the east (Photo D. Zielińska) CIP -Biblioteka Narodowa Dongola 2012-2014 : fieldwork, conservation and site management / eds.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29526328" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95b6a3ba0bf63e58610bb9cac6ebe3e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49965962,"asset_id":29526328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49965962/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2359176" href="https://uw.academia.edu/PiotrMakowski">Piotr Makowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2359176" type="text/json">{"id":2359176,"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Makowski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PiotrMakowski","display_name":"Piotr Makowski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PiotrMakowski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2359176/17624596/112295512/s65_piotr.makowski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29526328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29526328"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29526328, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29526328", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29526328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29526328; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29526328"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29526328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29526328"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29526328; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29526328]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29526328").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29526328").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29526328"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies">Byzantine Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10091" type="text/json">{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Iconography">Byzantine Iconography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14639" type="text/json">{"id":14639,"name":"Byzantine Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Iconography?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29526328]'), work: {"id":29526328,"title":"The Holy Trinity in Nubian art","created_at":"2016-10-29T12:24:44.480-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29526328/The_Holy_Trinity_in_Nubian_art?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_29526328","summary":"Cover design: Dobrochna Zielińska Original series book and cover design: MOYO Teresa Witkowska Typesetting: Tomasz Szmagier Cover: Unearthing walls along the northeastern stretch of the fortifications, view from the east (Photo D. Zielińska) CIP -Biblioteka Narodowa Dongola 2012-2014 : fieldwork, conservation and site management / eds.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49965962,"asset_id":29526328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2359176,"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Makowski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PiotrMakowski","display_name":"Piotr Makowski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PiotrMakowski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2359176/17624596/112295512/s65_piotr.makowski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":14639,"name":"Byzantine Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Iconography?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":22386,"name":"Medieval Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Art?f_ri=281511"},{"id":27032,"name":"Christian Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Iconography?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":51637,"name":"African Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Art_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":53879,"name":"Medieval Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Art_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":90199,"name":"Medieval Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Iconography?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":125431,"name":"Byzantine art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_art?f_ri=281511"},{"id":175341,"name":"Nubiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281511"},{"id":196821,"name":"Old Dongola","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Dongola?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":884750,"name":"Holy Trinity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holy_Trinity?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37440996" data-work_id="37440996" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37440996/Paleogenetic_Investigation_of_Medieval_Nubian_Population_from_El_Kurru_Sudan">Paleogenetic Investigation of Medieval Nubian Population from El-Kurru, Sudan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Spanning modern Egypt and Sudan, the Nile River Valley is an ideal region to study past population history using paleogenetics. This region has a deep history of human occupation and interaction by various culture groups through time. Of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37440996" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spanning modern Egypt and Sudan, the Nile River Valley is an ideal region to study past population history using paleogenetics. This region has a deep history of human occupation and interaction by various culture groups through time. Of particular interest to understand the demography of Africa are ancient Nubians, especially where historical and archaeological records may have interruptions. Nubians have a dynamic history with their neighbors to the north – trade, conquest, colonialism – all of which may have contributed to their genetic ancestry. Mitochondrial data provide valuable insight into the ancestry of Nubian individuals and serve as a primary resource for migration and population history reconstruction; for instance, how genetic diversity or continuity from the past has shaped modern inhabitants of the Nile Valley. This study piloted aDNA analysis on twenty skeletal samples (teeth and petrous portion of temporal bones) from the Medieval Christian site of El-Kurru (dated to 900-1450 CE) in Upper Nubia. Hybridization capture and NGS sequencing methods were employed to enrich for whole mitochondrial genomes of each individual resulting in generally low coverage. Focusing on the Hypervariable Region I, five individuals had sufficient coverage for preliminary haplogroup identification. This analysis classified these Nubians into HV, H, K, U, or R haplogroups utilizing up to three polymorphic sites. Previous work of our collaborators with ancient Egyptian individuals resembles the developing profiles of these Nubians. Furthermore, these results show that ancient Nubians may differ from modern North African individuals. These results require further investigation in order to build more understanding of the genetic variation or homogeneity within the ancient populations of the Nile Valley</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37440996" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87023693762f0b723043fa2cda17d7ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57407552,"asset_id":37440996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57407552/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5388516" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/AbagailBreidenstein">Abagail M Breidenstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5388516" type="text/json">{"id":5388516,"first_name":"Abagail","last_name":"Breidenstein","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"AbagailBreidenstein","display_name":"Abagail M Breidenstein","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/AbagailBreidenstein?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5388516/12848161/20575054/s65_abagail.breidenstein.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37440996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37440996"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37440996, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37440996", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37440996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37440996; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37440996"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37440996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37440996"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37440996; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37440996]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37440996").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37440996").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37440996"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63093" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA">Mitochondrial DNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="63093" type="text/json">{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA">Ancient DNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="100347" type="text/json">{"id":100347,"name":"Ancient DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="678189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology">Nubian Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="678189" type="text/json">{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37440996]'), work: {"id":37440996,"title":"Paleogenetic Investigation of Medieval Nubian Population from El-Kurru, Sudan","created_at":"2018-09-19T00:41:45.205-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37440996/Paleogenetic_Investigation_of_Medieval_Nubian_Population_from_El_Kurru_Sudan?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_37440996","summary":"Spanning modern Egypt and Sudan, the Nile River Valley is an ideal region to study past population history using paleogenetics. This region has a deep history of human occupation and interaction by various culture groups through time. Of particular interest to understand the demography of Africa are ancient Nubians, especially where historical and archaeological records may have interruptions. Nubians have a dynamic history with their neighbors to the north – trade, conquest, colonialism – all of which may have contributed to their genetic ancestry. Mitochondrial data provide valuable insight into the ancestry of Nubian individuals and serve as a primary resource for migration and population history reconstruction; for instance, how genetic diversity or continuity from the past has shaped modern inhabitants of the Nile Valley. This study piloted aDNA analysis on twenty skeletal samples (teeth and petrous portion of temporal bones) from the Medieval Christian site of El-Kurru (dated to 900-1450 CE) in Upper Nubia. Hybridization capture and NGS sequencing methods were employed to enrich for whole mitochondrial genomes of each individual resulting in generally low coverage. Focusing on the Hypervariable Region I, five individuals had sufficient coverage for preliminary haplogroup identification. This analysis classified these Nubians into HV, H, K, U, or R haplogroups utilizing up to three polymorphic sites. Previous work of our collaborators with ancient Egyptian individuals resembles the developing profiles of these Nubians. Furthermore, these results show that ancient Nubians may differ from modern North African individuals. These results require further investigation in order to build more understanding of the genetic variation or homogeneity within the ancient populations of the Nile Valley","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57407552,"asset_id":37440996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5388516,"first_name":"Abagail","last_name":"Breidenstein","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"AbagailBreidenstein","display_name":"Abagail M Breidenstein","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/AbagailBreidenstein?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5388516/12848161/20575054/s65_abagail.breidenstein.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":100347,"name":"Ancient DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27656818" data-work_id="27656818" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27656818/Nobadian_and_Makurian_church_architecture_Qasr_el_Wizz_a_case_study">Nobadian and Makurian church architecture. Qasr el-Wizz, a case study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">" To date the research on the church architecture in Nubia has consistently failed to differentiate, territorially and historically, between two different Nubian kingdoms " (Godlewski 2006b) and one could add the third, Alodian, kingdom... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27656818" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">" To date the research on the church architecture in Nubia has consistently failed to differentiate, territorially and historically, between two different Nubian kingdoms " (Godlewski 2006b) and one could add the third, Alodian, kingdom to this. The author's involvement in a project to publish the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago excavations at the Qasr el-Wizz monastery has generated this study of the early architectural history of the katholikon at Qasr el-Wizz and its development, analyzed in the context of studies on Nubian Christianity. Due to a rampant misuse of terminology referring to the functional parts of churches in Nubian studies, a review of this vocabulary was deemed essential as a background for a presentation of the late George T. Scanlon's views on the development of this particular church, followed by the present author's addenda et corrigenda, and a discussion and conclusions for the study of Christian Nubian sacral architecture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27656818" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4dad3c6bafccca4734103fbaed83276" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47922243,"asset_id":27656818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47922243/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217995" href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski">Artur Obluski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217995" type="text/json">{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27656818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27656818"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27656818, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27656818", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27656818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27656818; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27656818"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27656818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27656818"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27656818; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27656818]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27656818").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27656818").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27656818"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies">Coptic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10732" type="text/json">{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations">Nubian-Egyptian Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20549" type="text/json">{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20899" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_History">Coptic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20899" type="text/json">{"id":20899,"name":"Coptic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27656818]'), work: {"id":27656818,"title":"Nobadian and Makurian church architecture. Qasr el-Wizz, a case study","created_at":"2016-08-09T11:46:49.391-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27656818/Nobadian_and_Makurian_church_architecture_Qasr_el_Wizz_a_case_study?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_27656818","summary":"\" To date the research on the church architecture in Nubia has consistently failed to differentiate, territorially and historically, between two different Nubian kingdoms \" (Godlewski 2006b) and one could add the third, Alodian, kingdom to this. The author's involvement in a project to publish the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago excavations at the Qasr el-Wizz monastery has generated this study of the early architectural history of the katholikon at Qasr el-Wizz and its development, analyzed in the context of studies on Nubian Christianity. Due to a rampant misuse of terminology referring to the functional parts of churches in Nubian studies, a review of this vocabulary was deemed essential as a background for a presentation of the late George T. Scanlon's views on the development of this particular church, followed by the present author's addenda et corrigenda, and a discussion and conclusions for the study of Christian Nubian sacral architecture.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47922243,"asset_id":27656818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20899,"name":"Coptic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":29361,"name":"Coptic (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":39479,"name":"Ancient Egyptian and Coptic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_and_Coptic?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":53511,"name":"Coptic art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_art?f_ri=281511"},{"id":71351,"name":"Coptic Monasteries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Monasteries?f_ri=281511"},{"id":86306,"name":"Egypt and Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt_and_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":138904,"name":"Coptic liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_liturgy?f_ri=281511"},{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281511"},{"id":241594,"name":"Aswan Coptic Church Monastery Qubbat El-Hawa Elephantine Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aswan_Coptic_Church_Monastery_Qubbat_El-Hawa_Elephantine_Egypt?f_ri=281511"},{"id":259023,"name":"Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":467562,"name":"Nubian Studies and Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Studies_and_Egyptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":512365,"name":"Nubian Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Christianity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2002368" data-work_id="2002368" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2002368/Chronological_Systems_of_Christian_Nubia_JJP_Supplement_Series_16_Warsaw">Chronological Systems of Christian Nubia [= JJP Supplement Series 16], Warsaw</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It has long been known that Christian Nubia used several dating methods, yet only one of them, the lunar calendar, drew scholars’ more detailed attention. The present book is the first comprehensive analysis of all attestations of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2002368" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It has long been known that Christian Nubia used several dating methods, yet only one of them, the lunar calendar, drew scholars’ more detailed attention. The present book is the first comprehensive analysis of all attestations of counting time in medieval Nubia known to date. It discusses nine different aspects of keeping track of time, divided into two parts: ‘Annual dating methods’ and ‘Calendars’. The author on the one hand concentrates on indicating possible directions of influence that governed the use of particular dating methods in Nubia and on the other tries to prove the Nubians’ own inventiveness in this field. Each chapter is supplied with a set of tables and maps facilitating the comprehension of the collected material. The book should be used together with an on-line resource for textual sources from Christian Nubia, ‘The Database of Medieval Nubian Texts’, available at <a href="http://www.dbmnt.uw.edu.pl" rel="nofollow">www.dbmnt.uw.edu.pl</a>.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2002368" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d000501328bec140891cda148dff3bb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52140765,"asset_id":2002368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52140765/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2002368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2002368"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2002368, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2002368", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2002368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2002368; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2002368"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2002368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2002368"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2002368; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2002368]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2002368").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2002368").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2002368"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy">Greek Epigraphy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7257" type="text/json">{"id":7257,"name":"Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies">Coptic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10732" type="text/json">{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27637" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calendars">Calendars</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27637" type="text/json">{"id":27637,"name":"Calendars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calendars?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68575" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Science_Astronomy_Ancient_Chronological_Systems_Calendars">History, Science, Astronomy, Ancient Chronological Systems, Calendars</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="68575" type="text/json">{"id":68575,"name":"History, Science, Astronomy, Ancient Chronological Systems, Calendars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Science_Astronomy_Ancient_Chronological_Systems_Calendars?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2002368]'), work: {"id":2002368,"title":"Chronological Systems of Christian Nubia [= JJP Supplement Series 16], Warsaw","created_at":"2012-10-06T20:54:17.838-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2002368/Chronological_Systems_of_Christian_Nubia_JJP_Supplement_Series_16_Warsaw?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_2002368","summary":"It has long been known that Christian Nubia used several dating methods, yet only one of them, the lunar calendar, drew scholars’ more detailed attention. The present book is the first comprehensive analysis of all attestations of counting time in medieval Nubia known to date. It discusses nine different aspects of keeping track of time, divided into two parts: ‘Annual dating methods’ and ‘Calendars’. The author on the one hand concentrates on indicating possible directions of influence that governed the use of particular dating methods in Nubia and on the other tries to prove the Nubians’ own inventiveness in this field. Each chapter is supplied with a set of tables and maps facilitating the comprehension of the collected material. The book should be used together with an on-line resource for textual sources from Christian Nubia, ‘The Database of Medieval Nubian Texts’, available at www.dbmnt.uw.edu.pl.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52140765,"asset_id":2002368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7257,"name":"Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":27637,"name":"Calendars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calendars?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":68575,"name":"History, Science, Astronomy, Ancient Chronological Systems, Calendars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Science_Astronomy_Ancient_Chronological_Systems_Calendars?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511"},{"id":199959,"name":"Ancient chronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_chronology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33532706" data-work_id="33532706" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33532706/Ekspedycja_do_Sudanu_2013">Ekspedycja do Sudanu 2013</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33532706" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="400c143bafbb2f16c0e05074c70ec61b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53565049,"asset_id":33532706,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53565049/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2554957" href="https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki">Mariusz Drzewiecki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2554957" type="text/json">{"id":2554957,"first_name":"Mariusz","last_name":"Drzewiecki","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MariuszDrzewiecki","display_name":"Mariusz Drzewiecki","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2554957/797064/41097710/s65_mariusz.drzewiecki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33532706 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33532706"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33532706, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33532706", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33532706 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33532706; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33532706"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33532706 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33532706"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33532706; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33532706]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33532706").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33532706").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33532706"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Age_Archaelogy">Middle Age Archaelogy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16467" type="text/json">{"id":16467,"name":"Middle Age Archaelogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Age_Archaelogy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33532706]'), work: {"id":33532706,"title":"Ekspedycja do Sudanu 2013","created_at":"2017-06-18T02:22:29.326-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33532706/Ekspedycja_do_Sudanu_2013?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_33532706","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53565049,"asset_id":33532706,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2554957,"first_name":"Mariusz","last_name":"Drzewiecki","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MariuszDrzewiecki","display_name":"Mariusz Drzewiecki","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2554957/797064/41097710/s65_mariusz.drzewiecki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":16467,"name":"Middle Age Archaelogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Age_Archaelogy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":26552,"name":"Sudanarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanarchaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":51422,"name":"Archaelogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaelogy?f_ri=281511"},{"id":66159,"name":"Islamic archaelogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_archaelogy?f_ri=281511"},{"id":86306,"name":"Egypt and Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt_and_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":139126,"name":"Sudan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":150068,"name":"Nile River Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nile_River_Basin?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":343621,"name":"Sudanese studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":987559,"name":"Historical Archaelogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaelogy?f_ri=281511"},{"id":999288,"name":"Landscape Archaelogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaelogy?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27655422" data-work_id="27655422" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27655422/Aegyptus_et_Nubia_Christiana">Aegyptus et Nubia Christiana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The book we have edited presents thirty six peer-reviewed papers written by scholars involved in the studies on medieval Egypt and Nubia</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27655422" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69af78d6d278101616db9825a2e3b28f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47922191,"asset_id":27655422,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47922191/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217995" href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski">Artur Obluski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217995" type="text/json">{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27655422 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27655422"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27655422, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27655422", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27655422 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27655422; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27655422"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27655422 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27655422"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27655422; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27655422]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27655422").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27655422").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27655422"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">34</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies">Coptic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10732" type="text/json">{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12452" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Languages_And_Linguistics_">Coptic (Languages And Linguistics)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12452" type="text/json">{"id":12452,"name":"Coptic (Languages And Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Languages_And_Linguistics_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15434" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_textiles">Coptic textiles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15434" type="text/json">{"id":15434,"name":"Coptic textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_textiles?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations">Nubian-Egyptian Relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20549" type="text/json">{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27655422]'), work: {"id":27655422,"title":"Aegyptus et Nubia Christiana","created_at":"2016-08-09T10:47:56.125-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27655422/Aegyptus_et_Nubia_Christiana?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_27655422","summary":"The book we have edited presents thirty six peer-reviewed papers written by scholars involved in the studies on medieval Egypt and Nubia","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47922191,"asset_id":27655422,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":12452,"name":"Coptic (Languages And Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Languages_And_Linguistics_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":15434,"name":"Coptic textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_textiles?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20891,"name":"Sahidic Coptic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sahidic_Coptic?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20899,"name":"Coptic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":29361,"name":"Coptic (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":29365,"name":"Coptic period (Egyptology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_period_Egyptology_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":39479,"name":"Ancient Egyptian and Coptic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_and_Coptic?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":43089,"name":"Coptic language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_language?f_ri=281511"},{"id":53511,"name":"Coptic art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_art?f_ri=281511"},{"id":71351,"name":"Coptic Monasteries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Monasteries?f_ri=281511"},{"id":86306,"name":"Egypt and Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt_and_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":94791,"name":"Coptic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic?f_ri=281511"},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511"},{"id":109140,"name":"Coptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":182255,"name":"Coptic Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Papyrology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281511"},{"id":203306,"name":"Nubian languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_languages?f_ri=281511"},{"id":259023,"name":"Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":311142,"name":"Papyrology (Demotic, Coptic, Greek)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology_Demotic_Coptic_Greek_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":332439,"name":"Nubian Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Inscriptions?f_ri=281511"},{"id":467562,"name":"Nubian Studies and Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Studies_and_Egyptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":474160,"name":"Nubian Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Prehistory?f_ri=281511"},{"id":512365,"name":"Nubian Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Christianity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1013197,"name":"Nubian Desert","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Desert?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1205769,"name":"Ancient Nubian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubian_History?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33517616 coauthored" data-work_id="33517616" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33517616/IN_SEARCH_OF_NUBIAN_MASTER_BUILDERS_AN_ARCHITECTURAL_DRAWING_FROM_THE_CATHEDRAL_IN_FARAS_Appendix_PRAYER_OF_A_YOUNG_WOMAN">IN SEARCH OF NUBIAN MASTER-BUILDERS: AN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING FROM THE CATHEDRAL IN FARAS Appendix: PRAYER OF A YOUNG WOMAN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A glance at a makeshift drawing from the cathedral in Faras suggests that it may depict the ground plan of a church. Nevertheless, the naive appearance of the sketch and an almost complete lack of sufficient parallels from either Nubia or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33517616" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A glance at a makeshift drawing from the cathedral in Faras suggests that it may depict the ground plan of a church. Nevertheless, the naive appearance of the sketch and an almost complete lack of sufficient parallels from either Nubia or the Eastern Mediterranean make a proper examination of this assumption unfeasible. A reassessment of the architectural drawing from the cathedral, however, draws a wider perspective for a discussion of originality in Nubian architecture. The following paper presents the rather modest evidence available for a study of the nature of Nubian architecture from the point of view of its builders.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33517616" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05f502f9c5dab12236927e29c0696263" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53553331,"asset_id":33517616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53553331/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2359176" href="https://uw.academia.edu/PiotrMakowski">Piotr Makowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2359176" type="text/json">{"id":2359176,"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Makowski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PiotrMakowski","display_name":"Piotr Makowski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PiotrMakowski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2359176/17624596/112295512/s65_piotr.makowski.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33517616">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33517616"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA">Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean PCMA</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33517616'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33517616').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33517616 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33517616"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33517616, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33517616", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33517616 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33517616; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33517616"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33517616 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33517616"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33517616; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33517616]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33517616").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33517616").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33517616"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="991" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies">Late Antique and Byzantine Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="991" type="text/json">{"id":991,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5041" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology">Late Antique Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5041" type="text/json">{"id":5041,"name":"Late Antique Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33517616]'), work: {"id":33517616,"title":"IN SEARCH OF NUBIAN MASTER-BUILDERS: AN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING FROM THE CATHEDRAL IN FARAS Appendix: PRAYER OF A YOUNG WOMAN","created_at":"2017-06-17T01:23:34.580-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33517616/IN_SEARCH_OF_NUBIAN_MASTER_BUILDERS_AN_ARCHITECTURAL_DRAWING_FROM_THE_CATHEDRAL_IN_FARAS_Appendix_PRAYER_OF_A_YOUNG_WOMAN?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_33517616","summary":"A glance at a makeshift drawing from the cathedral in Faras suggests that it may depict the ground plan of a church. Nevertheless, the naive appearance of the sketch and an almost complete lack of sufficient parallels from either Nubia or the Eastern Mediterranean make a proper examination of this assumption unfeasible. A reassessment of the architectural drawing from the cathedral, however, draws a wider perspective for a discussion of originality in Nubian architecture. The following paper presents the rather modest evidence available for a study of the nature of Nubian architecture from the point of view of its builders.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53553331,"asset_id":33517616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2359176,"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Makowski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PiotrMakowski","display_name":"Piotr Makowski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PiotrMakowski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2359176/17624596/112295512/s65_piotr.makowski.jpg"},{"id":40708025,"first_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","last_name":"PCMA","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA","display_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean PCMA","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40708025/11086617/61052396/s65_polish_archaeology_in_the_mediterranean.pcma.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":991,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":5041,"name":"Late Antique Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":14637,"name":"Byzantine Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Architecture?f_ri=281511"},{"id":14639,"name":"Byzantine Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Iconography?f_ri=281511"},{"id":14641,"name":"Byzantine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":14642,"name":"Medieval Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Architecture?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":27032,"name":"Christian Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Iconography?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":45408,"name":"History of architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture?f_ri=281511"},{"id":91218,"name":"Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy?f_ri=281511"},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":125431,"name":"Byzantine art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_art?f_ri=281511"},{"id":175341,"name":"Nubiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":332439,"name":"Nubian Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Inscriptions?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1371344,"name":"Nubian Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Architecture?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33697681" data-work_id="33697681" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33697681/Mighty_Kingdoms_and_their_Forts_The_Role_of_Fortified_Sites_in_the_Fall_of_Meroe_and_Rise_of_Medieval_Realms_in_Upper_Nubia">Mighty Kingdoms and their Forts. The Role of Fortified Sites in the Fall of Meroe and Rise of Medieval Realms in Upper Nubia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Pełen tekst pod linkiem:<br />Full-text under the link:<br /><a href="http://www.iksiopan.pl/images/Nubia_6_elektroniczna.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.iksiopan.pl/images/Nubia_6_elektroniczna.pdf</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33697681" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1493ef6ba337c37b586b82ad50c0690d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53699783,"asset_id":33697681,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53699783/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2554957" href="https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki">Mariusz Drzewiecki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2554957" type="text/json">{"id":2554957,"first_name":"Mariusz","last_name":"Drzewiecki","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MariuszDrzewiecki","display_name":"Mariusz Drzewiecki","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2554957/797064/41097710/s65_mariusz.drzewiecki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33697681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33697681"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33697681, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33697681", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33697681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33697681; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33697681"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33697681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33697681"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33697681; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33697681]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33697681").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33697681").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33697681"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">41</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="958" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology">Historical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="958" type="text/json">{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2795" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology">Landscape Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2795" type="text/json">{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33697681]'), work: {"id":33697681,"title":"Mighty Kingdoms and their Forts. The Role of Fortified Sites in the Fall of Meroe and Rise of Medieval Realms in Upper Nubia","created_at":"2017-06-29T02:29:17.544-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33697681/Mighty_Kingdoms_and_their_Forts_The_Role_of_Fortified_Sites_in_the_Fall_of_Meroe_and_Rise_of_Medieval_Realms_in_Upper_Nubia?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_33697681","summary":"Pełen tekst pod linkiem:\nFull-text under the link:\nhttp://www.iksiopan.pl/images/Nubia_6_elektroniczna.pdf","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53699783,"asset_id":33697681,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2554957,"first_name":"Mariusz","last_name":"Drzewiecki","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MariuszDrzewiecki","display_name":"Mariusz Drzewiecki","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2554957/797064/41097710/s65_mariusz.drzewiecki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":6519,"name":"Cultural Landscapes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Landscapes?f_ri=281511"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":19522,"name":"Remote sensing and GIS applications in Landscape Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_sensing_and_GIS_applications_in_Landscape_Research?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":22831,"name":"Landscape","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape?f_ri=281511"},{"id":26552,"name":"Sudanarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanarchaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":41854,"name":"Early state societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_state_societies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":43884,"name":"History of Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":51296,"name":"Early State Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_State_Formation?f_ri=281511"},{"id":54723,"name":"Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":78401,"name":"Cultural Landscape","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Landscape?f_ri=281511"},{"id":83155,"name":"Medieval Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":99288,"name":"Late Roman and early Byzantine fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":105371,"name":"Early Medieval Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":139126,"name":"Sudan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":150068,"name":"Nile River Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nile_River_Basin?f_ri=281511"},{"id":172961,"name":"Sudan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":202975,"name":"Byzantine fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":237481,"name":"Castles and Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castles_and_Fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":343621,"name":"Sudanese studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":395687,"name":"Ancient and medieval fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_and_medieval_fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":421500,"name":"Rank Size Rule","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rank_Size_Rule?f_ri=281511"},{"id":425313,"name":"Rank Size Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rank_Size_Distribution?f_ri=281511"},{"id":584947,"name":"Hill Forts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hill_Forts?f_ri=281511"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":760534,"name":"Forts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forts?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1532335,"name":"Early States and Cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_States_and_Cities?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28329827" data-work_id="28329827" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28329827/A_Medieval_transcultural_medium_Beads_and_pendants_from_Makurian_and_post_Makurian_Dongola_in_Nubia">A Medieval transcultural medium: Beads and pendants from Makurian and post-Makurian Dongola in Nubia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dongola between the 6th and the 17th centuries AD experienced several cultural shifts from a post-Meroitic center through a capital city of the Christian kingdom of Makuria to a post- Makurian settlement with encroaching Islam. Beads have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28329827" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dongola between the 6th and the 17th centuries AD experienced several cultural shifts<br />from a post-Meroitic center through a capital city of the Christian kingdom of Makuria to a post-<br />Makurian settlement with encroaching Islam. Beads have always constituted a traditional element<br />of personal adornment in Nubia and their production, use and circulation did not cease despite<br />religious, political and social changes in the medieval period. On the contrary, beads and pendants<br />preserved their ornamental and apotropaic functions and quite probably took on new roles. Moreover,<br />a material analysis of preserved beads reveals the potential of this small medium in tracing<br />interaction among medieval cultures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28329827" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b02faffac41b69b55fbdff4bd6293147" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49393716,"asset_id":28329827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49393716/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52751662" href="https://uw.academia.edu/JoannaThenOb%C5%82uska">Joanna Then-Obłuska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52751662" type="text/json">{"id":52751662,"first_name":"Joanna","last_name":"Then-Obłuska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"JoannaThenObłuska","display_name":"Joanna Then-Obłuska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/JoannaThenOb%C5%82uska?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52751662/29671569/27582377/s65_joanna.then-ob_uska.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28329827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28329827"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28329827, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28329827", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28329827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28329827; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28329827"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28329827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28329827"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28329827; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28329827]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28329827").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28329827").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28329827"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1344" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Archaeology">Islamic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1344" type="text/json">{"id":1344,"name":"Islamic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2473" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies">Material Culture Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2473" type="text/json">{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7172" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology">Early Medieval Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7172" type="text/json">{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28329827]'), work: {"id":28329827,"title":"A Medieval transcultural medium: Beads and pendants from Makurian and post-Makurian Dongola in Nubia","created_at":"2016-09-07T23:41:10.204-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28329827/A_Medieval_transcultural_medium_Beads_and_pendants_from_Makurian_and_post_Makurian_Dongola_in_Nubia?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_28329827","summary":"Dongola between the 6th and the 17th centuries AD experienced several cultural shifts\nfrom a post-Meroitic center through a capital city of the Christian kingdom of Makuria to a post-\nMakurian settlement with encroaching Islam. Beads have always constituted a traditional element\nof personal adornment in Nubia and their production, use and circulation did not cease despite\nreligious, political and social changes in the medieval period. On the contrary, beads and pendants\npreserved their ornamental and apotropaic functions and quite probably took on new roles. Moreover,\na material analysis of preserved beads reveals the potential of this small medium in tracing\ninteraction among medieval cultures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49393716,"asset_id":28329827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52751662,"first_name":"Joanna","last_name":"Then-Obłuska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"JoannaThenObłuska","display_name":"Joanna Then-Obłuska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/JoannaThenOb%C5%82uska?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52751662/29671569/27582377/s65_joanna.then-ob_uska.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":1344,"name":"Islamic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":14388,"name":"Archaeology of Personal Adornment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Personal_Adornment?f_ri=281511"},{"id":18822,"name":"Dress and Personal Adornment (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dress_and_Personal_Adornment_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":26299,"name":"Early Islamic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":50307,"name":"Beads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beads?f_ri=281511"},{"id":67229,"name":"Post-Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":94753,"name":"Glass Beads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass_Beads?f_ri=281511"},{"id":212897,"name":"Medieval jewellery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_jewellery?f_ri=281511"},{"id":274081,"name":"Stone beads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_beads?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8016392" data-work_id="8016392" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8016392/RANK_SIZE_RULE_IN_NUBIAN_SETTLEMENT_SYSTEMS">RANK-SIZE RULE IN NUBIAN SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8016392" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="595d8c81cece6feda3ff326c0dcf6188" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34478336,"asset_id":8016392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34478336/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217995" href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski">Artur Obluski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217995" type="text/json">{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8016392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8016392"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8016392, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8016392", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8016392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8016392; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8016392"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8016392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8016392"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8016392; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8016392]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8016392").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8016392").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8016392"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5063" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns">Settlement Patterns</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5063" type="text/json">{"id":5063,"name":"Settlement Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5293" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation">State Formation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5293" type="text/json">{"id":5293,"name":"State Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16670" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_And_Medieval_Settlement_Archaeology_">Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16670" type="text/json">{"id":16670,"name":"Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_And_Medieval_Settlement_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19416" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation_And_Social_Transformation">State Formation And Social Transformation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19416" type="text/json">{"id":19416,"name":"State Formation And Social Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation_And_Social_Transformation?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8016392]'), work: {"id":8016392,"title":"RANK-SIZE RULE IN NUBIAN SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS","created_at":"2014-08-18T18:58:21.862-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8016392/RANK_SIZE_RULE_IN_NUBIAN_SETTLEMENT_SYSTEMS?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_8016392","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34478336,"asset_id":8016392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5063,"name":"Settlement Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":5293,"name":"State Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":16670,"name":"Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_And_Medieval_Settlement_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":19416,"name":"State Formation And Social Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation_And_Social_Transformation?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30344,"name":"The archaeology of state formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_archaeology_of_state_formation?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40780,"name":"Settlement archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":720743,"name":"State and State Formation in Sub Saharan Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_and_State_Formation_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35045597" data-work_id="35045597" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35045597/The_Secret_Reasons_of_the_Darfur_Genocide_fake_Arabic_imposed_on_Non_Arabs_2006_">The Secret Reasons of the Darfur Genocide: fake Arabic imposed on Non-Arabs (2006)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Only through an exhaustive, in-depth approach to the reasons that have caused the ongoing Darfur Genocide, and following a thorough understanding of the criminal work of the French, namely the fabrication of a false language, an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35045597" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Only through an exhaustive, in-depth approach to the reasons that have caused the ongoing Darfur Genocide, and following a thorough understanding of the criminal work of the French, namely the fabrication of a false language, an inexistent culture, and a bogus-nation, can people realize the tragedy befallen on the various peoples of Sudan – that are all non-Arabs.<br /><br />All people in Khartoum know already that they live the end of a long tyrannical experience; they have not identified the forthcoming solution, but they have the real feeling that the nightmare named ‘Sudan’ has already its expiry date. It was about time!<br /><br />No one knows the details of the final, ultimate division of Sudan; even the number of the emanating countries is not precisely told. Will there finally be a Free Nubia? Will the Red Sea coast’s Beja / Blemmyes ultimately get the freedom they have fought so many centuries for? What will the various borders among the possibly 6 or 7 countries east of Chad look like?<br />The only issue they have no doubt about is Peace; Peace will be achieved only when all these various peoples and ethnic – religious groups will get their independence and enjoy their self-determination and freedom, following the cancellation of the murderous and inhuman frame of ‘Sudan’, a name that means just Death.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35045597" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="15cdeac8e46b28dd9bd8f510c215bc72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54906202,"asset_id":35045597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54906202/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44497389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis">Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44497389" type="text/json">{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35045597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35045597"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35045597, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35045597", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35045597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35045597; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35045597"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35045597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35045597"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35045597; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35045597]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35045597").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35045597").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35045597"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">118</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35045597]'), work: {"id":35045597,"title":"The Secret Reasons of the Darfur Genocide: fake Arabic imposed on Non-Arabs (2006)","created_at":"2017-11-03T12:13:11.914-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35045597/The_Secret_Reasons_of_the_Darfur_Genocide_fake_Arabic_imposed_on_Non_Arabs_2006_?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_35045597","summary":"Only through an exhaustive, in-depth approach to the reasons that have caused the ongoing Darfur Genocide, and following a thorough understanding of the criminal work of the French, namely the fabrication of a false language, an inexistent culture, and a bogus-nation, can people realize the tragedy befallen on the various peoples of Sudan – that are all non-Arabs.\n\nAll people in Khartoum know already that they live the end of a long tyrannical experience; they have not identified the forthcoming solution, but they have the real feeling that the nightmare named ‘Sudan’ has already its expiry date. It was about time!\n\nNo one knows the details of the final, ultimate division of Sudan; even the number of the emanating countries is not precisely told. Will there finally be a Free Nubia? Will the Red Sea coast’s Beja / Blemmyes ultimately get the freedom they have fought so many centuries for? What will the various borders among the possibly 6 or 7 countries east of Chad look like?\nThe only issue they have no doubt about is Peace; Peace will be achieved only when all these various peoples and ethnic – religious groups will get their independence and enjoy their self-determination and freedom, following the cancellation of the murderous and inhuman frame of ‘Sudan’, a name that means just Death.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54906202,"asset_id":35045597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2223,"name":"North Africa Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Africa_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":3972,"name":"Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=281511"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=281511"},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=281511"},{"id":7757,"name":"Middle Eastern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":8700,"name":"Turkish and Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":8827,"name":"East Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":9650,"name":"Cultural Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":9943,"name":"Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":10374,"name":"Middle Eastern Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":10966,"name":"Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey?f_ri=281511"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=281511"},{"id":12029,"name":"Modern Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Middle_East_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":12181,"name":"French colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_colonialism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=281511"},{"id":12809,"name":"Middle Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":13197,"name":"Language and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":13629,"name":"Comparative genocide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_genocide?f_ri=281511"},{"id":14045,"name":"African Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":14831,"name":"Narrative and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_and_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":15150,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History_1600_-_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans?f_ri=281511"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=281511"},{"id":17266,"name":"Sudan and the Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_and_the_Middle_East?f_ri=281511"},{"id":17299,"name":"Political History of Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History_of_Turkey?f_ri=281511"},{"id":18598,"name":"History of Turkey and Middle east","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Turkey_and_Middle_east?f_ri=281511"},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":18825,"name":"Modern Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Egypt?f_ri=281511"},{"id":19675,"name":"Modern Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Turkey?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20370,"name":"Development in the Middle East and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20899,"name":"Coptic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":26289,"name":"History of Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Egyptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":26711,"name":"History of the Modern Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Modern_Middle_East?f_ri=281511"},{"id":28722,"name":"International Relations of Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_of_Middle_East?f_ri=281511"},{"id":28723,"name":"Turkey in World Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey_in_World_Politics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":33043,"name":"Mediterranean and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_and_North_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":33155,"name":"Arab nationalist movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_nationalist_movements?f_ri=281511"},{"id":34746,"name":"Ancient Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":35175,"name":"Middle Eastern Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Christianity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40285,"name":"Africana Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africana_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=281511"},{"id":44006,"name":"Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":49397,"name":"Darfur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Darfur?f_ri=281511"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":51753,"name":"Genocide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide?f_ri=281511"},{"id":52629,"name":"Political Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":56352,"name":"Ancient Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egypt?f_ri=281511"},{"id":66622,"name":"North African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_African_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":77293,"name":"Holocaust and Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocaust_and_Genocide_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":82924,"name":"North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":83746,"name":"Pan-Arabism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan-Arabism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":86306,"name":"Egypt and Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt_and_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":88513,"name":"Salafism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salafism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":92834,"name":"Arab nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_nationalism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":108590,"name":"Meroitic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meroitic_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":157203,"name":"Economic Development Based on Reconciliation in Darfur Region through Community-Based Conflict Resolutions: Employing the Government of Sudan’s New Strategy for Achieving Comprehensive Peace, Security and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development_Based_on_Reconciliation_in_Darfur_Region_through_Community-Based_Conflict_Resol?f_ri=281511"},{"id":162527,"name":"Wahhabism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wahhabism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":167342,"name":"Islamic and Middle Eastern studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_and_Middle_Eastern_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":172946,"name":"Darfur Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Darfur_Review?f_ri=281511"},{"id":172961,"name":"Sudan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":187062,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa-1?f_ri=281511"},{"id":200264,"name":"South Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":211479,"name":"Pan Arabism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Arabism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":211966,"name":"Blemmyes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blemmyes?f_ri=281511"},{"id":215230,"name":"Islamization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamization?f_ri=281511"},{"id":244640,"name":"Völkisch National Socialism and Arabic Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volkisch_National_Socialism_and_Arabic_Islam?f_ri=281511"},{"id":277836,"name":"Genocide; Case study of Darfur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide_Case_study_of_Darfur?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":302227,"name":"Hamito-Semitic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hamito-Semitic_Linguistics?f_ri=281511"},{"id":325125,"name":"Kushite Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kushite_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":343621,"name":"Sudanese studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":391715,"name":"Ethnicity and National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity_and_National_Identity?f_ri=281511"},{"id":393155,"name":"Beja","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beja?f_ri=281511"},{"id":430676,"name":"Military Intervention to Prevent Genocide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Intervention_to_Prevent_Genocide?f_ri=281511"},{"id":487133,"name":"Islam and Arab nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_and_Arab_nationalism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":554507,"name":"political Islam in Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/political_Islam_in_Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":581046,"name":"Makuria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Makuria?f_ri=281511"},{"id":638056,"name":"The Failure to Protect, Again: A Comparative Study Of International And Regional Reactions Towards Humanitarian Disasters In Rwanda And Darfur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Failure_to_Protect_Again_A_Comparative_Study_Of_International_And_Regional_Reactions_Towards_H?f_ri=281511"},{"id":644307,"name":"Sudan Power Politics Darfur South Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Power_Politics_Darfur_South_Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":715471,"name":"Modern Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Egyptian_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":940741,"name":"Colonial Genocide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Genocide?f_ri=281511"},{"id":993142,"name":"Sudan/ Darfur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Darfur?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1036244,"name":"Egyptian Nubian Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Nubian_Population?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1647338,"name":"Oromo People Kushitic of Meroe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oromo_People_Kushitic_of_Meroe?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1984148,"name":"Early Makuria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Makuria?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2479771,"name":"Nobatia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nobatia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31849669" data-work_id="31849669" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31849669/Multilingualism_in_Christian_Nubia_A_case_study_of_the_monastery_of_Ghazali_Wadi_Abu_Dom_Sudan_">Multilingualism in Christian Nubia: A case study of the monastery of Ghazali (Wadi Abu Dom, Sudan)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31849669" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac7cb7c2cd8c92a975bd8b58ea0893e4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52140804,"asset_id":31849669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52140804/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31849669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31849669"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31849669, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31849669", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31849669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31849669; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31849669"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31849669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31849669"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31849669; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31849669]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31849669").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31849669").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31849669"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2308" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilingualism">Multilingualism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2308" type="text/json">{"id":2308,"name":"Multilingualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilingualism?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy">Greek Epigraphy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7257" type="text/json">{"id":7257,"name":"Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies">Coptic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10732" type="text/json">{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20891" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sahidic_Coptic">Sahidic Coptic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20891" type="text/json">{"id":20891,"name":"Sahidic Coptic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sahidic_Coptic?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31849669]'), work: {"id":31849669,"title":"Multilingualism in Christian Nubia: A case study of the monastery of Ghazali (Wadi Abu Dom, Sudan)","created_at":"2017-03-13T14:29:25.819-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31849669/Multilingualism_in_Christian_Nubia_A_case_study_of_the_monastery_of_Ghazali_Wadi_Abu_Dom_Sudan_?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_31849669","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52140804,"asset_id":31849669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2308,"name":"Multilingualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilingualism?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":7257,"name":"Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20891,"name":"Sahidic Coptic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sahidic_Coptic?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":21987,"name":"Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monasticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":33184,"name":"Archaeology of Medieval Monasteries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Medieval_Monasteries?f_ri=281511"},{"id":71351,"name":"Coptic Monasteries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Monasteries?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":125242,"name":"Early Medieval Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Monasticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":203306,"name":"Nubian languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_languages?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":334497,"name":"Monasteries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monasteries?f_ri=281511"},{"id":629800,"name":"Coptic Epigraphy and Codicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Epigraphy_and_Codicology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35014560" data-work_id="35014560" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35014560/THE_MEINARTI_PHYLACTERY_FACTORY_MEDIEVAL_NUBIAN_OSTRAKA_FROM_THE_ISLAND_OF_MICHAEL">THE MEINARTI PHYLACTERY FACTORY: MEDIEVAL NUBIAN OSTRAKA FROM THE ISLAND OF MICHAEL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35014560" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e38fcd84d9ff27e47c2a4479df90434" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54878546,"asset_id":35014560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54878546/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2985974" href="https://fairfield.academia.edu/GiovanniRuffini">Giovanni Ruffini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2985974" type="text/json">{"id":2985974,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Ruffini","domain_name":"fairfield","page_name":"GiovanniRuffini","display_name":"Giovanni Ruffini","profile_url":"https://fairfield.academia.edu/GiovanniRuffini?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35014560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35014560"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35014560, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35014560", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35014560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35014560; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35014560"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35014560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35014560"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35014560; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35014560]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35014560").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35014560").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35014560"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Christian Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281518" type="text/json">{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35014560]'), work: {"id":35014560,"title":"THE MEINARTI PHYLACTERY FACTORY: MEDIEVAL NUBIAN OSTRAKA FROM THE ISLAND OF MICHAEL","created_at":"2017-10-31T16:28:44.756-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35014560/THE_MEINARTI_PHYLACTERY_FACTORY_MEDIEVAL_NUBIAN_OSTRAKA_FROM_THE_ISLAND_OF_MICHAEL?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_35014560","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54878546,"asset_id":35014560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2985974,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Ruffini","domain_name":"fairfield","page_name":"GiovanniRuffini","display_name":"Giovanni Ruffini","profile_url":"https://fairfield.academia.edu/GiovanniRuffini?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28484132 coauthored" data-work_id="28484132" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28484132/La_red%C3%A9couverte_d_un_monast%C3%A8re_nubien_premiers_r%C3%A9sultats_des_fouilles_polonaises_%C3%A0_Ghazali_Ouadi_Abu_Dom">La redécouverte d’un monastère nubien : premiers résultats des fouilles polonaises à Ghazali, Ouadi Abu Dom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28484132" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53808f2f0727954cf613a4081aa73d66" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59333000,"asset_id":28484132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59333000/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28484132">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28484132"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski">Artur Obluski</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-28484132'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-28484132').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28484132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28484132"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28484132, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28484132", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28484132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28484132; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28484132"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28484132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28484132"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28484132; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28484132]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28484132").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28484132").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28484132"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5959" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies">Monastic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5959" type="text/json">{"id":5959,"name":"Monastic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies">Coptic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10732" type="text/json">{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12452" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Languages_And_Linguistics_">Coptic (Languages And Linguistics)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12452" type="text/json">{"id":12452,"name":"Coptic (Languages And Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Languages_And_Linguistics_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16716" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Architecture">Monastic Architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16716" type="text/json">{"id":16716,"name":"Monastic Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Architecture?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28484132]'), work: {"id":28484132,"title":"La redécouverte d’un monastère nubien : premiers résultats des fouilles polonaises à Ghazali, Ouadi Abu Dom","created_at":"2016-09-14T08:09:13.109-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28484132/La_red%C3%A9couverte_d_un_monast%C3%A8re_nubien_premiers_r%C3%A9sultats_des_fouilles_polonaises_%C3%A0_Ghazali_Ouadi_Abu_Dom?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_28484132","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59333000,"asset_id":28484132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"},{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5959,"name":"Monastic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":12452,"name":"Coptic (Languages And Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Languages_And_Linguistics_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":16716,"name":"Monastic Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Architecture?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":19330,"name":"Religious congregations and monastic orders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_congregations_and_monastic_orders?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20891,"name":"Sahidic Coptic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sahidic_Coptic?f_ri=281511"},{"id":21629,"name":"Byzantine monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_monasticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":21987,"name":"Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monasticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":29361,"name":"Coptic (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30375,"name":"History of Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Monasticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":33184,"name":"Archaeology of Medieval Monasteries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Medieval_Monasteries?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":71351,"name":"Coptic Monasteries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Monasteries?f_ri=281511"},{"id":80687,"name":"Monastic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":89899,"name":"Medieval Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Monasticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":94791,"name":"Coptic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":125242,"name":"Early Medieval Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Monasticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":259023,"name":"Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":372636,"name":"Medieval Monasteries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Monasteries?f_ri=281511"},{"id":467562,"name":"Nubian Studies and Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Studies_and_Egyptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":629855,"name":"Coptic-Arabic and Muslim-Arabic Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic-Arabic_and_Muslim-Arabic_Historiography?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37190996" data-work_id="37190996" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37190996/Old_Nubian_lists_of_goods_and_money_A_preliminary_presentation">Old Nubian lists of goods and money: A preliminary presentation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37190996" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="067a0bf0c9d70bfb977acf6a87f8723c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57142105,"asset_id":37190996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57142105/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37190996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37190996"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37190996, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37190996", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37190996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37190996; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37190996"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37190996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37190996"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37190996; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37190996]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37190996").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37190996").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37190996"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1693" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology">Papyrology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1693" type="text/json">{"id":1693,"name":"Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy">Epigraphy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="91218" type="text/json">{"id":91218,"name":"Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106654" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian">Old Nubian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106654" type="text/json">{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37190996]'), work: {"id":37190996,"title":"Old Nubian lists of goods and money: A preliminary presentation","created_at":"2018-08-06T11:58:34.721-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37190996/Old_Nubian_lists_of_goods_and_money_A_preliminary_presentation?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_37190996","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57142105,"asset_id":37190996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1693,"name":"Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":91218,"name":"Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":203306,"name":"Nubian languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_languages?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":512365,"name":"Nubian Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Christianity?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12897563" data-work_id="12897563" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12897563/Banganarti_fortifications">Banganarti - fortifications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12897563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="161533ab53d16ca0b163a816c97044ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37871780,"asset_id":12897563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37871780/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2554957" href="https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki">Mariusz Drzewiecki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2554957" type="text/json">{"id":2554957,"first_name":"Mariusz","last_name":"Drzewiecki","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MariuszDrzewiecki","display_name":"Mariusz Drzewiecki","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2554957/797064/41097710/s65_mariusz.drzewiecki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12897563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12897563"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12897563, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12897563", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12897563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12897563; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12897563"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12897563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12897563"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12897563; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12897563]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12897563").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12897563").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12897563"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12897563]'), work: {"id":12897563,"title":"Banganarti - fortifications","created_at":"2015-06-10T01:19:05.545-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12897563/Banganarti_fortifications?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_12897563","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37871780,"asset_id":12897563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2554957,"first_name":"Mariusz","last_name":"Drzewiecki","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MariuszDrzewiecki","display_name":"Mariusz Drzewiecki","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2554957/797064/41097710/s65_mariusz.drzewiecki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":26552,"name":"Sudanarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanarchaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30162,"name":"Fortified Settlements (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortified_Settlements_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":54723,"name":"Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":63625,"name":"African Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":83155,"name":"Medieval Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":83919,"name":"North African Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_African_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":139126,"name":"Sudan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":172961,"name":"Sudan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":237481,"name":"Castles and Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castles_and_Fortifications?f_ri=281511"},{"id":259023,"name":"Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":306179,"name":"Archaeological excavations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_excavations?f_ri=281511"},{"id":343621,"name":"Sudanese studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":500925,"name":"Excavations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excavations?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":996812,"name":"African Archaeology and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Archaeology_and_History?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11567669" data-work_id="11567669" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11567669/Edwards_D_N_2001_The_Christianisation_of_Nubia_some_archaeological_pointers_Sudan_and_Nubia_5_89_96">Edwards, D. N. 2001. ‘The Christianisation of Nubia: some archaeological pointers.’ Sudan & Nubia 5: 89-96.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11567669" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e147c7e5fa8008d3663edeaadf2c5093" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37567229,"asset_id":11567669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37567229/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4739615" href="https://leicester.academia.edu/davidedwards">d n edwards</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4739615" type="text/json">{"id":4739615,"first_name":"d n","last_name":"edwards","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"davidedwards","display_name":"d n edwards","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/davidedwards?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11567669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11567669"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11567669, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11567669", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11567669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11567669; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11567669"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11567669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11567669"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11567669; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11567669]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11567669").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11567669").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11567669"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5041" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology">Late Antique Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5041" type="text/json">{"id":5041,"name":"Late Antique Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia">Ancient Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40806" type="text/json">{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="678189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology">Nubian Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="678189" type="text/json">{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11567669]'), work: {"id":11567669,"title":"Edwards, D. N. 2001. ‘The Christianisation of Nubia: some archaeological pointers.’ Sudan \u0026 Nubia 5: 89-96.","created_at":"2015-03-21T07:34:25.760-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11567669/Edwards_D_N_2001_The_Christianisation_of_Nubia_some_archaeological_pointers_Sudan_and_Nubia_5_89_96?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_11567669","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37567229,"asset_id":11567669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4739615,"first_name":"d n","last_name":"edwards","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"davidedwards","display_name":"d n edwards","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/davidedwards?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5041,"name":"Late Antique Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75439349" data-work_id="75439349" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75439349/Pottery_in_Its_Domestic_Context_Use_of_Ceramic_Vessels_in_the_Medieval_Houses_of_Banganarti">Pottery in Its Domestic Context: Use of Ceramic Vessels in the Medieval Houses of Banganarti</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents ceramics excavated from the medieval dwellings of Banganarti, dating from the sixth/seventh to the fourteenth century. The analyses focused on the functional aspects of the earthenware, with particular emphasis on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75439349" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents ceramics excavated from the medieval<br />dwellings of Banganarti, dating from the sixth/seventh to the<br />fourteenth century. The analyses focused on the functional<br />aspects of the earthenware, with particular emphasis on the<br />technological variables of the pottery and their relationship to its<br />use. More than 100,000 fragments and complete vessels collected<br />during four years of excavations prove that ceramics was an<br />essential part of daily life in the settlement, necessary for almost<br />all food-related activities, such as storage, cooking, serving and<br />eating, but also for hygienic activities and agriculture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75439349" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55b11d99efdcc37ab9ac677f871efe8c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83207402,"asset_id":75439349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83207402/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2511556" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro">Aneta Cedro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2511556" type="text/json">{"id":2511556,"first_name":"Aneta","last_name":"Cedro","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"AnetaCedro","display_name":"Aneta Cedro","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2511556/1986716/19780019/s65_aneta.cedro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75439349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75439349"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75439349, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75439349", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75439349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75439349; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75439349"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75439349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75439349"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75439349; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75439349]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75439349").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75439349").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75439349"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Pottery">Medieval Pottery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17019" type="text/json">{"id":17019,"name":"Medieval Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Pottery?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36548" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics">Nubian Ceramics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36548" type="text/json">{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75439349]'), work: {"id":75439349,"title":"Pottery in Its Domestic Context: Use of Ceramic Vessels in the Medieval Houses of Banganarti","created_at":"2022-04-04T09:16:17.598-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75439349/Pottery_in_Its_Domestic_Context_Use_of_Ceramic_Vessels_in_the_Medieval_Houses_of_Banganarti?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_75439349","summary":"This paper presents ceramics excavated from the medieval\ndwellings of Banganarti, dating from the sixth/seventh to the\nfourteenth century. The analyses focused on the functional\naspects of the earthenware, with particular emphasis on the\ntechnological variables of the pottery and their relationship to its\nuse. More than 100,000 fragments and complete vessels collected\nduring four years of excavations prove that ceramics was an\nessential part of daily life in the settlement, necessary for almost\nall food-related activities, such as storage, cooking, serving and\neating, but also for hygienic activities and agriculture.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83207402,"asset_id":75439349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2511556,"first_name":"Aneta","last_name":"Cedro","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"AnetaCedro","display_name":"Aneta Cedro","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2511556/1986716/19780019/s65_aneta.cedro.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17019,"name":"Medieval Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Pottery?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":36548,"name":"Nubian Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80563819" data-work_id="80563819" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80563819/Rubrication_Patterns_in_Two_Old_Nubian_Manuscripts_from_Serra_East">Rubrication Patterns in Two Old Nubian Manuscripts from Serra East</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present paper analyses the rubrication patterns in two Old Nubian manuscripts (known under the sigla St and SC) both originally intended for deposition at the Jesus Church in Serra East. Through a comparison with rubrication patterns... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80563819" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present paper analyses the rubrication patterns in two Old Nubian manuscripts (known under the sigla St and SC) both originally intended for deposition at the Jesus Church in Serra East. Through a comparison with rubrication patterns in other Old Nubian manuscripts, the authors argue that the rubricated phrases in St and SC show an internal coherence that could be interpreted as a 'second voice' in a 'polyphonic' text.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80563819" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a924db1fec26434c66362e50ade8e2b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86903754,"asset_id":80563819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86903754/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="876074" href="https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos">Alexandros Tsakos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="876074" type="text/json">{"id":876074,"first_name":"Alexandros","last_name":"Tsakos","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"AlexandrosTsakos","display_name":"Alexandros Tsakos","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/876074/382697/464245/s65_alexandros.tsakos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80563819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80563819"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80563819, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80563819", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80563819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80563819; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80563819"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80563819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80563819"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80563819; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80563819]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80563819").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80563819").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80563819"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6663" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscript_Studies">Manuscript Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6663" type="text/json">{"id":6663,"name":"Manuscript Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscript_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7637" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleography">Paleography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7637" type="text/json">{"id":7637,"name":"Paleography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleography?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106654" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian">Old Nubian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106654" type="text/json">{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80563819]'), work: {"id":80563819,"title":"Rubrication Patterns in Two Old Nubian Manuscripts from Serra East","created_at":"2022-06-02T14:57:36.381-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80563819/Rubrication_Patterns_in_Two_Old_Nubian_Manuscripts_from_Serra_East?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_80563819","summary":"The present paper analyses the rubrication patterns in two Old Nubian manuscripts (known under the sigla St and SC) both originally intended for deposition at the Jesus Church in Serra East. Through a comparison with rubrication patterns in other Old Nubian manuscripts, the authors argue that the rubricated phrases in St and SC show an internal coherence that could be interpreted as a 'second voice' in a 'polyphonic' text.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86903754,"asset_id":80563819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":876074,"first_name":"Alexandros","last_name":"Tsakos","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"AlexandrosTsakos","display_name":"Alexandros Tsakos","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/876074/382697/464245/s65_alexandros.tsakos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":6663,"name":"Manuscript Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscript_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":7637,"name":"Paleography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleography?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":1157739,"name":"Nubian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Literature?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50073184" data-work_id="50073184" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50073184/Nubica_onomastica_miscellanea_IV_Notes_on_and_corrections_to_personal_names_found_in_Old_Nubian_documents_from_Qasr_Ibrim">Nubica onomastica miscellanea IV: Notes on and corrections to personal names found in Old Nubian documents from Qasr Ibrim</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The fourth instalment of the ‘Nubica onomastica miscellanea’ series offers a massive batch of corrections to personal names found in Christian Nubian sources. The anthroponyms discussed in this paper come exclusively from Old Nubian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50073184" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The fourth instalment of the ‘Nubica onomastica miscellanea’ series offers a massive batch of corrections to personal names found in Christian Nubian sources. The anthroponyms discussed in this paper come exclusively from Old Nubian documents discovered at Qasr Ibrim and published by Gerald M. Browne and Giovanni Ruffini. The article includes simple re-readings of anthroponyms on the one hand and more elaborate reinterpretations of whole phrases containing them on the other. Identification with known foreign names and etymologies for many local Nubian names are proposed, greatly contributing to our understanding of medieval Nubian naming practices. Last but not least, many ghost-names are identified and their true meaning is explained.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50073184" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb71b1773f971547420d46414d0f7d3e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68193969,"asset_id":50073184,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68193969/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50073184 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50073184"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50073184, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50073184", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50073184 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50073184; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50073184"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50073184 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50073184"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50073184; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50073184]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50073184").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50073184").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50073184"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1693" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology">Papyrology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1693" type="text/json">{"id":1693,"name":"Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Onomastics">Onomastics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3904" type="text/json">{"id":3904,"name":"Onomastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Onomastics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106654" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian">Old Nubian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106654" type="text/json">{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50073184]'), work: {"id":50073184,"title":"Nubica onomastica miscellanea IV: Notes on and corrections to personal names found in Old Nubian documents from Qasr Ibrim","created_at":"2021-07-19T07:41:50.567-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50073184/Nubica_onomastica_miscellanea_IV_Notes_on_and_corrections_to_personal_names_found_in_Old_Nubian_documents_from_Qasr_Ibrim?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_50073184","summary":"The fourth instalment of the ‘Nubica onomastica miscellanea’ series offers a massive batch of corrections to personal names found in Christian Nubian sources. The anthroponyms discussed in this paper come exclusively from Old Nubian documents discovered at Qasr Ibrim and published by Gerald M. Browne and Giovanni Ruffini. The article includes simple re-readings of anthroponyms on the one hand and more elaborate reinterpretations of whole phrases containing them on the other. Identification with known foreign names and etymologies for many local Nubian names are proposed, greatly contributing to our understanding of medieval Nubian naming practices. Last but not least, many ghost-names are identified and their true meaning is explained.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68193969,"asset_id":50073184,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1693,"name":"Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":3904,"name":"Onomastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Onomastics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":251229,"name":"Personal Names","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_Names?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80563831" data-work_id="80563831" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80563831/Nubian_cathedrals_with_granite_columns_A_view_from_Sai_Island">Nubian cathedrals with granite columns: A view from Sai Island</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An indefatigable energy and concern for Polish Mediterranean archaeology led * * * On behalf of my friends, colleagues and associates from the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of Sudan, I am honored to express our thanks... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80563831" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An indefatigable energy and concern for Polish Mediterranean archaeology led * * * On behalf of my friends, colleagues and associates from the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of Sudan, I am honored to express our thanks and appreciation to a man whose life as a scholar has been devoted to uncovering an important part of our Sudanese national heritage. Over the years and throughout my time with the Sudanese antiquities service, as well as my academic career with the Institute of Archaeology and now the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, I have had the opportunity to work with Włodek, to benefit from his knowledge of Ancient Nubia, and most importantly, to shape my own views on the issues involved in often heated debate, but always seeking that level of scientific truth that is a mark of scholarly excellence. Mahmoud El-Tayeb Addresses and Tabula Gratulatoria 12 Aegyptus et Nubia Christiana Addresses and Tabula Gratulatoria * * * On behalf of the organizers and participants of the National Conference of * * * Thank you for the past thirty years. If I am where I am today, it is because you were there to inspire, to discuss and to "push", whenever I wavered. I am proud to have worked together on so many different initiatives, during the years at the National Museum in Warsaw, as part of the Naqlun excavation project and as a co-organizer of the 11th Conference of Nubian Studies. Thank you for the challenges that I have risen to and the ones that we may yet achieve working together. Iwona Zych 13 Aegyptus et Nubia Christiana Addresses and Tabula Gratulatoria * * * Congratulations for your wonderful career and for the result we expect. Charles Bonnet * * * Don't forget: Beyond 60 you are ageless.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80563831" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1495fe3e46b806938826c2c93f22e006" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86903788,"asset_id":80563831,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86903788/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="876074" href="https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos">Alexandros Tsakos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="876074" type="text/json">{"id":876074,"first_name":"Alexandros","last_name":"Tsakos","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"AlexandrosTsakos","display_name":"Alexandros Tsakos","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/876074/382697/464245/s65_alexandros.tsakos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80563831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80563831"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80563831, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80563831", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80563831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80563831; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80563831"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80563831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80563831"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80563831; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80563831]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80563831").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80563831").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80563831"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1236" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art">Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1236" type="text/json">{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7870" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology">Medieval Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7870" type="text/json">{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80563831]'), work: {"id":80563831,"title":"Nubian cathedrals with granite columns: A view from Sai Island","created_at":"2022-06-02T14:57:37.794-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80563831/Nubian_cathedrals_with_granite_columns_A_view_from_Sai_Island?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_80563831","summary":"An indefatigable energy and concern for Polish Mediterranean archaeology led * * * On behalf of my friends, colleagues and associates from the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of Sudan, I am honored to express our thanks and appreciation to a man whose life as a scholar has been devoted to uncovering an important part of our Sudanese national heritage. Over the years and throughout my time with the Sudanese antiquities service, as well as my academic career with the Institute of Archaeology and now the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, I have had the opportunity to work with Włodek, to benefit from his knowledge of Ancient Nubia, and most importantly, to shape my own views on the issues involved in often heated debate, but always seeking that level of scientific truth that is a mark of scholarly excellence. Mahmoud El-Tayeb Addresses and Tabula Gratulatoria 12 Aegyptus et Nubia Christiana Addresses and Tabula Gratulatoria * * * On behalf of the organizers and participants of the National Conference of * * * Thank you for the past thirty years. If I am where I am today, it is because you were there to inspire, to discuss and to \"push\", whenever I wavered. I am proud to have worked together on so many different initiatives, during the years at the National Museum in Warsaw, as part of the Naqlun excavation project and as a co-organizer of the 11th Conference of Nubian Studies. Thank you for the challenges that I have risen to and the ones that we may yet achieve working together. Iwona Zych 13 Aegyptus et Nubia Christiana Addresses and Tabula Gratulatoria * * * Congratulations for your wonderful career and for the result we expect. Charles Bonnet * * * Don't forget: Beyond 60 you are ageless.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86903788,"asset_id":80563831,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":876074,"first_name":"Alexandros","last_name":"Tsakos","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"AlexandrosTsakos","display_name":"Alexandros Tsakos","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/876074/382697/464245/s65_alexandros.tsakos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":25818,"name":"Church Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":31583,"name":"Cathedrals (Medieval Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cathedrals_Medieval_Studies_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":48991,"name":"Archaeology of churches","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_churches?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":259750,"name":"Medieval church architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_church_architecture?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":596177,"name":"Sai Island","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sai_Island?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35014544" data-work_id="35014544" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35014544/Qasr_Ibrims_Old_Nubian_Burial_Shroud">Qasr Ibrim's Old Nubian Burial-Shroud</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35014544" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e6fdb355f1ff50798226c614ccd8958" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54878536,"asset_id":35014544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54878536/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2985974" href="https://fairfield.academia.edu/GiovanniRuffini">Giovanni Ruffini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2985974" type="text/json">{"id":2985974,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Ruffini","domain_name":"fairfield","page_name":"GiovanniRuffini","display_name":"Giovanni Ruffini","profile_url":"https://fairfield.academia.edu/GiovanniRuffini?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35014544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35014544"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35014544, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35014544", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35014544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35014544; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35014544"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35014544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35014544"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35014544; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35014544]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35014544").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35014544").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35014544"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Christian Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281518" type="text/json">{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35014544]'), work: {"id":35014544,"title":"Qasr Ibrim's Old Nubian Burial-Shroud","created_at":"2017-10-31T16:25:35.984-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35014544/Qasr_Ibrims_Old_Nubian_Burial_Shroud?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_35014544","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54878536,"asset_id":35014544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2985974,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Ruffini","domain_name":"fairfield","page_name":"GiovanniRuffini","display_name":"Giovanni Ruffini","profile_url":"https://fairfield.academia.edu/GiovanniRuffini?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44197487" data-work_id="44197487" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44197487/Ryl_Preibisz_I_Remarks_on_some_Rediscovered_Nubian_Architectural_Elements_%C3%89tudes_et_Travaux_XIX_2001_287_298">Ryl- Preibisz I., 'Remarks on some “Rediscovered” Nubian Architectural Elements', Études et Travaux XIX (2001), 287-298</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Full-text PDF available here:<br /><a href="http://www.etudesettravaux.iksiopan.pl/images/etudtrav/EtudTrav_otwarte/EtudTrav_19/17ryl-preibisz.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.etudesettravaux.iksiopan.pl/images/etudtrav/EtudTrav_otwarte/EtudTrav_19/17ryl-preibisz.pdf</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44197487" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a93fe14303587b9cfabc9f25d8c41939" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64560534,"asset_id":44197487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64560534/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80416757" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/%C3%89tudesetTravaux">Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80416757" type="text/json">{"id":80416757,"first_name":"Études et Travaux","last_name":"(Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"ÉtudesetTravaux","display_name":"Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/%C3%89tudesetTravaux?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80416757/19484978/164785908/s65__tudes_et_travaux._institut_des_cultures_m_diterran_ennes_et_orientales_de_l_acad_mie_polonaise_des_sciences_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44197487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44197487"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44197487, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44197487", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44197487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44197487; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44197487"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44197487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44197487"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44197487; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44197487]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44197487").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44197487").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44197487"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="678189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology">Nubian Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="678189" type="text/json">{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44197487]'), work: {"id":44197487,"title":"Ryl- Preibisz I., 'Remarks on some “Rediscovered” Nubian Architectural Elements', Études et Travaux XIX (2001), 287-298","created_at":"2020-09-29T23:59:31.102-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44197487/Ryl_Preibisz_I_Remarks_on_some_Rediscovered_Nubian_Architectural_Elements_%C3%89tudes_et_Travaux_XIX_2001_287_298?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_44197487","summary":"Full-text PDF available here:\nhttp://www.etudesettravaux.iksiopan.pl/images/etudtrav/EtudTrav_otwarte/EtudTrav_19/17ryl-preibisz.pdf","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64560534,"asset_id":44197487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80416757,"first_name":"Études et Travaux","last_name":"(Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"ÉtudesetTravaux","display_name":"Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/%C3%89tudesetTravaux?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80416757/19484978/164785908/s65__tudes_et_travaux._institut_des_cultures_m_diterran_ennes_et_orientales_de_l_acad_mie_polonaise_des_sciences_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34959386" data-work_id="34959386" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34959386/An_Unexpected_Guest_in_the_Church_of_Sonqi_Tino_Notes_on_Medieval_Nubian_Toponymy_4_">An Unexpected Guest in the Church of Sonqi Tino (Notes on Medieval Nubian Toponymy 4)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34959386" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="778ab82a26873f8f9b12830d3390c8c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54821492,"asset_id":34959386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54821492/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34959386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34959386"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34959386, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34959386", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34959386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34959386; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34959386"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34959386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34959386"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34959386; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34959386]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34959386").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34959386").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34959386"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2985" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Studies">Ethiopian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2985" type="text/json">{"id":2985,"name":"Ethiopian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Christian Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281518" type="text/json">{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34959386]'), work: {"id":34959386,"title":"An Unexpected Guest in the Church of Sonqi Tino (Notes on Medieval Nubian Toponymy 4)","created_at":"2017-10-25T13:45:11.862-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34959386/An_Unexpected_Guest_in_the_Church_of_Sonqi_Tino_Notes_on_Medieval_Nubian_Toponymy_4_?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_34959386","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54821492,"asset_id":34959386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2985,"name":"Ethiopian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":332439,"name":"Nubian Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Inscriptions?f_ri=281511"},{"id":881927,"name":"Ethiopian and Nubian medieval history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_and_Nubian_medieval_history?f_ri=281511"},{"id":993963,"name":"Ethiopian Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Christianity?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14557072" data-work_id="14557072" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14557072/Excavation_at_site_C_01_on_the_citadel_of_Tungul_Old_Dongola_Sudan_preliminary_report">Excavation at site C.01 on the citadel of Tungul (Old Dongola), Sudan: preliminary report</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Site C.01 on the citadel of Tungul (Old Dongola), the capital of Makuria was explored in 2007, 2008 and 2010 as part of the PCMA UW Dongola Project. A sequence of buildings was unearthed, dated to the Early Makurian (B.IX), Late Makurian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14557072" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Site C.01 on the citadel of Tungul (Old Dongola), the capital of Makuria was<br />explored in 2007, 2008 and 2010 as part of the PCMA UW Dongola Project. A sequence of<br />buildings was unearthed, dated to the Early Makurian (B.IX), Late Makurian (B.VI) and Funj<br />(houses) periods. The earliest structures represented later abandoned techniques of<br />combining a core of sun-dried brick with fired bricks. In turn, the well preserved complex<br />B.VI could be assigned to the 13th or early 14th century based on building materials,<br />technique and pottery. The building was interpreted as a potential storehouse. A change of<br />function occurred in the Funj period (17th century) with a series of domestic structures being<br />built into the ruins. One of the finds was a 12-nummia coin of the Emperor Maurice, the sole<br />such coin found south of the Third Nile Cataract.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14557072" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a87653d3dea279fa66289d726714fb31" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38355905,"asset_id":14557072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38355905/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217995" href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski">Artur Obluski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217995" type="text/json">{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14557072 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14557072"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14557072, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14557072", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14557072 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14557072; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14557072"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14557072 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14557072"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14557072; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14557072]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14557072").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14557072").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14557072"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia">Ancient Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40806" type="text/json">{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="259023" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa">Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="259023" type="text/json">{"id":259023,"name":"Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14557072]'), work: {"id":14557072,"title":"Excavation at site C.01 on the citadel of Tungul (Old Dongola), Sudan: preliminary report","created_at":"2015-08-01T16:33:42.132-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14557072/Excavation_at_site_C_01_on_the_citadel_of_Tungul_Old_Dongola_Sudan_preliminary_report?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_14557072","summary":"Site C.01 on the citadel of Tungul (Old Dongola), the capital of Makuria was\nexplored in 2007, 2008 and 2010 as part of the PCMA UW Dongola Project. A sequence of\nbuildings was unearthed, dated to the Early Makurian (B.IX), Late Makurian (B.VI) and Funj\n(houses) periods. The earliest structures represented later abandoned techniques of\ncombining a core of sun-dried brick with fired bricks. In turn, the well preserved complex\nB.VI could be assigned to the 13th or early 14th century based on building materials,\ntechnique and pottery. The building was interpreted as a potential storehouse. A change of\nfunction occurred in the Funj period (17th century) with a series of domestic structures being\nbuilt into the ruins. One of the finds was a 12-nummia coin of the Emperor Maurice, the sole\nsuch coin found south of the Third Nile Cataract.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38355905,"asset_id":14557072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":259023,"name":"Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66897946" data-work_id="66897946" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66897946/Building_Web_Corpus_of_Old_Nubian_with_Interlinear_Glossing_as_Digital_Cultural_Heritage_for_Modern_Day_Nubians_With_Vincent_W_J_van_Gerven_Oei_">Building Web Corpus of Old Nubian with Interlinear Glossing as Digital Cultural Heritage for Modern-Day Nubians (With Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66897946" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b34b3acf2495669035b35e35bbd1302" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77917928,"asset_id":66897946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77917928/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3891430" href="https://tsukuba.academia.edu/SoMiyagawa">So Miyagawa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3891430" type="text/json">{"id":3891430,"first_name":"So","last_name":"Miyagawa","domain_name":"tsukuba","page_name":"SoMiyagawa","display_name":"So Miyagawa","profile_url":"https://tsukuba.academia.edu/SoMiyagawa?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3891430/1440235/10389150/s65_so.miyagawa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66897946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66897946"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66897946, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66897946", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66897946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66897946; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66897946"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66897946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66897946"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66897946; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66897946]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66897946").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66897946").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66897946"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10157" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics">Corpus Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10157" type="text/json">{"id":10157,"name":"Corpus Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20318" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics_and_Translation_Studies">Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20318" type="text/json">{"id":20318,"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics_and_Translation_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66897946]'), work: {"id":66897946,"title":"Building Web Corpus of Old Nubian with Interlinear Glossing as Digital Cultural Heritage for Modern-Day Nubians (With Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei)","created_at":"2022-01-02T21:03:36.400-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66897946/Building_Web_Corpus_of_Old_Nubian_with_Interlinear_Glossing_as_Digital_Cultural_Heritage_for_Modern_Day_Nubians_With_Vincent_W_J_van_Gerven_Oei_?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_66897946","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77917928,"asset_id":66897946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3891430,"first_name":"So","last_name":"Miyagawa","domain_name":"tsukuba","page_name":"SoMiyagawa","display_name":"So Miyagawa","profile_url":"https://tsukuba.academia.edu/SoMiyagawa?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3891430/1440235/10389150/s65_so.miyagawa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":10157,"name":"Corpus Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20318,"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics_and_Translation_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":23879,"name":"Text Encoding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text_Encoding?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":137589,"name":"Text Encoding Initiative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text_Encoding_Initiative?f_ri=281511"},{"id":259023,"name":"Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":438804,"name":"Interlinear Morphemic Glossing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interlinear_Morphemic_Glossing?f_ri=281511"},{"id":530696,"name":"TEI XML","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TEI_XML?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27498407 coauthored" data-work_id="27498407" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27498407/Nubian_cathedrals_with_granite_columns_A_view_from_Sai_Island">Nubian cathedrals with granite columns: A view from Sai Island</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With the purpose of providing insights into the position of the church on Sai Island among the bishoprics of Christian Nubia, the paper contextualizes archaeologically well-known Nubian cathedrals with monolithic granite columns as roof... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27498407" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With the purpose of providing insights into the position of the church on Sai Island among the bishoprics of Christian Nubia, the paper contextualizes archaeologically well-known Nubian cathedrals with monolithic granite columns as roof supports (Old Dongola, Faras and Qasr Ibrim), presenting them against the background of historically known bishoprics from medieval Nubia and archaeologically attested episcopal churches. Four granite columns at the locality 8-B-500 on Sai Island, identified with the site of a medieval cathedral, are compared with like roof supports from other Makurian buildings of the kind to show that the church was constructed at the beginning of the 8th century AD and modeled on the Church of Granite Columns from Old Dongola.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27498407" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e58d3abf6d0dbe35e4e2a0a8ae92781" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48113271,"asset_id":27498407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48113271/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3071135" href="https://hivolda.academia.edu/HenrietteHafsaas">Henriette Hafsaas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3071135" type="text/json">{"id":3071135,"first_name":"Henriette","last_name":"Hafsaas","domain_name":"hivolda","page_name":"HenrietteHafsaas","display_name":"Henriette Hafsaas","profile_url":"https://hivolda.academia.edu/HenrietteHafsaas?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3071135/1009631/11145727/s65_henriette.hafsaas-tsakos.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27498407">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27498407"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos">Alexandros Tsakos</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27498407'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27498407').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27498407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27498407"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27498407, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27498407", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27498407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27498407; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27498407"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27498407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27498407"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27498407; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27498407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27498407").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27498407").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27498407"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7870" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology">Medieval Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7870" type="text/json">{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25818" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_Archaeology">Church Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25818" type="text/json">{"id":25818,"name":"Church Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27498407]'), work: {"id":27498407,"title":"Nubian cathedrals with granite columns: A view from Sai Island","created_at":"2016-08-03T05:26:19.366-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27498407/Nubian_cathedrals_with_granite_columns_A_view_from_Sai_Island?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_27498407","summary":"With the purpose of providing insights into the position of the church on Sai Island among the bishoprics of Christian Nubia, the paper contextualizes archaeologically well-known Nubian cathedrals with monolithic granite columns as roof supports (Old Dongola, Faras and Qasr Ibrim), presenting them against the background of historically known bishoprics from medieval Nubia and archaeologically attested episcopal churches. Four granite columns at the locality 8-B-500 on Sai Island, identified with the site of a medieval cathedral, are compared with like roof supports from other Makurian buildings of the kind to show that the church was constructed at the beginning of the 8th century AD and modeled on the Church of Granite Columns from Old Dongola.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48113271,"asset_id":27498407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3071135,"first_name":"Henriette","last_name":"Hafsaas","domain_name":"hivolda","page_name":"HenrietteHafsaas","display_name":"Henriette Hafsaas","profile_url":"https://hivolda.academia.edu/HenrietteHafsaas?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3071135/1009631/11145727/s65_henriette.hafsaas-tsakos.jpg"},{"id":876074,"first_name":"Alexandros","last_name":"Tsakos","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"AlexandrosTsakos","display_name":"Alexandros Tsakos","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/876074/382697/464245/s65_alexandros.tsakos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":25818,"name":"Church Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":31583,"name":"Cathedrals (Medieval Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cathedrals_Medieval_Studies_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":48991,"name":"Archaeology of churches","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_churches?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":259750,"name":"Medieval church architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_church_architecture?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":596177,"name":"Sai Island","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sai_Island?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40391690" data-work_id="40391690" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40391690/Nubica_Onomastica_Miscellanea_III_Notes_on_and_corrections_to_personal_names_found_in_Christian_Nubian_written_sources">Nubica Onomastica Miscellanea III: Notes on and corrections to personal names found in Christian Nubian written sources</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper, the third part in the ‘Nubica onomastica miscellanea’ series, offers a number of corrections to the reading of names in written sources coming from all over Christian Nubia. The texts represent a variety of epigraphic and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40391690" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper, the third part in the ‘Nubica onomastica miscellanea’ series, offers a number of corrections to the reading of names in written sources coming from all over Christian Nubia. The texts represent a variety of epigraphic and papyrological genres and were written in Greek, Coptic, and Old Nubian.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40391690" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="718874f9c00b84b11a3deaff6853adae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60642870,"asset_id":40391690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60642870/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40391690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40391690"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40391690, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40391690", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40391690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40391690; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40391690"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40391690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40391690"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40391690; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40391690]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40391690").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40391690").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40391690"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Onomastics">Onomastics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3904" type="text/json">{"id":3904,"name":"Onomastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Onomastics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy">Greek Epigraphy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7257" type="text/json">{"id":7257,"name":"Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies">Coptic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10732" type="text/json">{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33955" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Epigraphy">Medieval Epigraphy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33955" type="text/json">{"id":33955,"name":"Medieval Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40391690]'), work: {"id":40391690,"title":"Nubica Onomastica Miscellanea III: Notes on and corrections to personal names found in Christian Nubian written sources","created_at":"2019-09-19T04:52:45.966-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40391690/Nubica_Onomastica_Miscellanea_III_Notes_on_and_corrections_to_personal_names_found_in_Christian_Nubian_written_sources?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_40391690","summary":"The paper, the third part in the ‘Nubica onomastica miscellanea’ series, offers a number of corrections to the reading of names in written sources coming from all over Christian Nubia. The texts represent a variety of epigraphic and papyrological genres and were written in Greek, Coptic, and Old Nubian.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60642870,"asset_id":40391690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3904,"name":"Onomastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Onomastics?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":7257,"name":"Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":10732,"name":"Coptic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":33955,"name":"Medieval Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":182255,"name":"Coptic Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_Papyrology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":614943,"name":"Coptic epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coptic_epigraphy?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31842919" data-work_id="31842919" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31842919/Two_wall_inscriptions_from_the_Faras_cathedral_with_lists_of_people_and_goods">Two wall inscriptions from the Faras cathedral with lists of people and goods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31842919" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fcf5e1416ea95069542fd50b8323bc97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52135043,"asset_id":31842919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52135043/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31842919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31842919"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31842919, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31842919", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31842919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31842919; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31842919"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31842919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31842919"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31842919; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31842919]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31842919").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31842919").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31842919"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1371" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgical_Studies">Liturgical Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1371" type="text/json">{"id":1371,"name":"Liturgical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgical_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2546" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgy">Liturgy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2546" type="text/json">{"id":2546,"name":"Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14638" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Liturgy">Byzantine Liturgy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14638" type="text/json">{"id":14638,"name":"Byzantine Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Liturgy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31842919]'), work: {"id":31842919,"title":"Two wall inscriptions from the Faras cathedral with lists of people and goods","created_at":"2017-03-13T06:05:22.103-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31842919/Two_wall_inscriptions_from_the_Faras_cathedral_with_lists_of_people_and_goods?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_31842919","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52135043,"asset_id":31842919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1371,"name":"Liturgical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgical_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":2546,"name":"Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":14638,"name":"Byzantine Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Liturgy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511"},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":203306,"name":"Nubian languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_languages?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":332439,"name":"Nubian Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Inscriptions?f_ri=281511"},{"id":512365,"name":"Nubian Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Christianity?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15579255 coauthored" data-work_id="15579255" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15579255/Banganarti_and_Selib_season_2011">Banganarti and Selib: season 2011</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The report summarizes work carried out during the 2011 season by the archaeological and restoration mission at Banganarti (Upper and Lower Churches, eastern tower of the fortifications, house SW1 in the southwestern part of the church... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15579255" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The report summarizes work carried out during the 2011 season by the archaeological and restoration mission at Banganarti (Upper and Lower Churches, eastern tower of the fortifications, house SW1 in the southwestern part of the church enclosure) and at two sites in Selib: the church enclosure at Selib 1 and the Meroitic settlement at Selib 2. In the case of the earlier Selib church, inscriptions on the outer wall of the church have confirmed its dedication to St Menas. A baptistery tank associated with the oldest church on site and a lime-plastered rectangular tank approached by a flight of steps were also discovered. A large earthenware polylobed tray was recorded from the fill of the latest trench POLISH ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN (PAM) annual reports of the polish centre of mediterranean archaeology, University of Warsaw editor-in-chief: iwona Zych volume 23/1: Research 2011 all texts peer-reviewed. volume editors: iwona Zych, agnieszka szymczak editor for WUW: maria szewczyk Bibliographic editor: aleksandra Zych translation and language consultation: iwona Zych digital processing: ewa czyżewska image processing and copyediting assistance: ewa czyżewska, szymon maślak, marta momot, marek puszkarski, Łukasz rutkowski, agnieszka szymczak, Urszula Wicenciak original graphic design: Jerzy Kowalski, updated by ewa czyżewska for pcma dtp: ewa czyżewska, assistant Urszula Wicenciak cover: painted relief scene of a boat with oarsmen from the east Wall of the hypostyle hall, temple of tuthmosis iii in deir el-Bahari (photo Z. doliński) IssN 1234-5415 (Print), IssN 2083-537X (Online) © Polish centre of Mediterranean archaeology,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15579255" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cfe8fea222acb6b29bdb3ad3a243fedd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38727859,"asset_id":15579255,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38727859/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2511556" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro">Aneta Cedro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2511556" type="text/json">{"id":2511556,"first_name":"Aneta","last_name":"Cedro","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"AnetaCedro","display_name":"Aneta Cedro","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2511556/1986716/19780019/s65_aneta.cedro.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-15579255">+5</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-15579255"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/kk">Katarzyna Solarska</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/B%C5%BBurawski">Bogdan Żurawski</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/RoksanaHajduga">Roksana Hajduga</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-wroc.academia.edu/EwaSkowro%C5%84ska">Ewa Skowrońska</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TadeuszBadowski">Tadeusz Badowski</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-15579255'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-15579255').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15579255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15579255"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15579255, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15579255", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15579255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15579255; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15579255"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15579255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15579255"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15579255; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15579255]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15579255").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15579255").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15579255"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="678189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology">Nubian Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="678189" type="text/json">{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15579255]'), work: {"id":15579255,"title":"Banganarti and Selib: season 2011","created_at":"2015-09-10T09:53:54.000-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15579255/Banganarti_and_Selib_season_2011?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_15579255","summary":"The report summarizes work carried out during the 2011 season by the archaeological and restoration mission at Banganarti (Upper and Lower Churches, eastern tower of the fortifications, house SW1 in the southwestern part of the church enclosure) and at two sites in Selib: the church enclosure at Selib 1 and the Meroitic settlement at Selib 2. In the case of the earlier Selib church, inscriptions on the outer wall of the church have confirmed its dedication to St Menas. A baptistery tank associated with the oldest church on site and a lime-plastered rectangular tank approached by a flight of steps were also discovered. A large earthenware polylobed tray was recorded from the fill of the latest trench POLISH ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN (PAM) annual reports of the polish centre of mediterranean archaeology, University of Warsaw editor-in-chief: iwona Zych volume 23/1: Research 2011 all texts peer-reviewed. volume editors: iwona Zych, agnieszka szymczak editor for WUW: maria szewczyk Bibliographic editor: aleksandra Zych translation and language consultation: iwona Zych digital processing: ewa czyżewska image processing and copyediting assistance: ewa czyżewska, szymon maślak, marta momot, marek puszkarski, Łukasz rutkowski, agnieszka szymczak, Urszula Wicenciak original graphic design: Jerzy Kowalski, updated by ewa czyżewska for pcma dtp: ewa czyżewska, assistant Urszula Wicenciak cover: painted relief scene of a boat with oarsmen from the east Wall of the hypostyle hall, temple of tuthmosis iii in deir el-Bahari (photo Z. doliński) IssN 1234-5415 (Print), IssN 2083-537X (Online) © Polish centre of Mediterranean archaeology,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38727859,"asset_id":15579255,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2511556,"first_name":"Aneta","last_name":"Cedro","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"AnetaCedro","display_name":"Aneta Cedro","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/AnetaCedro?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2511556/1986716/19780019/s65_aneta.cedro.jpg"},{"id":413486,"first_name":"Katarzyna","last_name":"Solarska","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"kk","display_name":"Katarzyna Solarska","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/kk?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":4179599,"first_name":"Bogdan","last_name":"Żurawski","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"BŻurawski","display_name":"Bogdan Żurawski","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/B%C5%BBurawski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4179599/1635687/1971884/s65_bogdan._urawski.jpg"},{"id":3283659,"first_name":"Roksana","last_name":"Hajduga","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"RoksanaHajduga","display_name":"Roksana Hajduga","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/RoksanaHajduga?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":28182019,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Skowrońska","domain_name":"uni-wroc","page_name":"EwaSkowrońska","display_name":"Ewa Skowrońska","profile_url":"https://uni-wroc.academia.edu/EwaSkowro%C5%84ska?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":34968947,"first_name":"Tadeusz","last_name":"Badowski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TadeuszBadowski","display_name":"Tadeusz Badowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TadeuszBadowski?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42326550" data-work_id="42326550" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42326550/Van_Gerven_Oei_V_W_J_An_Old_Nubian_Curse_from_the_Faras_Cathedral_%C3%89tudes_et_Travaux_XXXII_2019_81_88">Van Gerven Oei V.W.J., 'An Old Nubian Curse from the Faras Cathedral', Études et Travaux XXXII (2019), 81-88</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present paper analyses an Old Nubian inscription from the Faras Cathedral , containing a curse with a reference to Col 1:13. The publication gives a description of the inscription, a transcription with critical apparatus, and a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42326550" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present paper analyses an Old Nubian inscription from the Faras Cathedral , containing a curse with a reference to Col 1:13. The publication gives a description of the inscription, a transcription with critical apparatus, and a grammatical and general commentary on the text.<br /><br />Full-text PDF available here:<br /><a href="http://www.etudesettravaux.iksiopan.pl/images/etudtrav/EtudTrav_otwarte/EtudTrav_32/EtudTrav_32_05_Van_Gerven_Oei.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.etudesettravaux.iksiopan.pl/images/etudtrav/EtudTrav_otwarte/EtudTrav_32/EtudTrav_32_05_Van_Gerven_Oei.pdf</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42326550" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac5704c1bbfe37599a833192d41c6443" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62484204,"asset_id":42326550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62484204/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80416757" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/%C3%89tudesetTravaux">Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80416757" type="text/json">{"id":80416757,"first_name":"Études et Travaux","last_name":"(Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"ÉtudesetTravaux","display_name":"Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/%C3%89tudesetTravaux?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80416757/19484978/164785908/s65__tudes_et_travaux._institut_des_cultures_m_diterran_ennes_et_orientales_de_l_acad_mie_polonaise_des_sciences_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42326550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42326550"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42326550, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42326550", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42326550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42326550; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42326550"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42326550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42326550"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42326550; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42326550]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42326550").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42326550").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42326550"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy_Archaeology_">Epigraphy (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3292" type="text/json">{"id":3292,"name":"Epigraphy (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106654" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian">Old Nubian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106654" type="text/json">{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42326550]'), work: {"id":42326550,"title":"Van Gerven Oei V.W.J., 'An Old Nubian Curse from the Faras Cathedral', Études et Travaux XXXII (2019), 81-88","created_at":"2020-03-26T01:26:32.773-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42326550/Van_Gerven_Oei_V_W_J_An_Old_Nubian_Curse_from_the_Faras_Cathedral_%C3%89tudes_et_Travaux_XXXII_2019_81_88?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_42326550","summary":"The present paper analyses an Old Nubian inscription from the Faras Cathedral , containing a curse with a reference to Col 1:13. The publication gives a description of the inscription, a transcription with critical apparatus, and a grammatical and general commentary on the text.\n\nFull-text PDF available here:\nhttp://www.etudesettravaux.iksiopan.pl/images/etudtrav/EtudTrav_otwarte/EtudTrav_32/EtudTrav_32_05_Van_Gerven_Oei.pdf","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62484204,"asset_id":42326550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80416757,"first_name":"Études et Travaux","last_name":"(Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"ÉtudesetTravaux","display_name":"Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/%C3%89tudesetTravaux?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80416757/19484978/164785908/s65__tudes_et_travaux._institut_des_cultures_m_diterran_ennes_et_orientales_de_l_acad_mie_polonaise_des_sciences_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3292,"name":"Epigraphy (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33669164 coauthored" data-work_id="33669164" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33669164/Pottery_from_Dongola_A_stratigraphic_assemblage_from_unit_B_I_41">Pottery from Dongola: A stratigraphic assemblage from unit B.I.41</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article discusses an assemblage of pottery recovered from unit B.I.41, a room in the palatial building B.I excavated on the citadel of Dongola in the 2011 and 2012 seasons. Exploration started with the fill of the room, followed by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33669164" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article discusses an assemblage of pottery recovered from unit B.I.41, a room in the palatial building B.I excavated on the citadel of Dongola in the 2011 and 2012 seasons. Exploration started with the fill of the room, followed by the fill of structures belonging to an earlier building below it. A well dated sequence of layers from the 6th through 7th centuries was identified. The pottery assemblage proved to be very abundant, composed of table vessels, cooking pots, storage and transport containers; the lattermost group included imported examples, mainly from Egypt. Most of the finds represented Dongolan ceramic production from the period in question.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33669164" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7954f7b7623392d8464bb00249fe16c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53675503,"asset_id":33669164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53675503/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2688494" href="https://uw.academia.edu/KatarzynaDanys">Katarzyna de Lellis-Danys</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2688494" type="text/json">{"id":2688494,"first_name":"Katarzyna","last_name":"de Lellis-Danys","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"KatarzynaDanys","display_name":"Katarzyna de Lellis-Danys","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/KatarzynaDanys?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2688494/860277/13529800/s65_katarzyna.danys-lasek.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33669164">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33669164"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA">Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean PCMA</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33669164'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33669164').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33669164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33669164"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33669164, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33669164", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33669164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33669164; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33669164"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33669164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33669164"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33669164; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33669164]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33669164").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33669164").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33669164"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2213" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_">Pottery (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2213" type="text/json">{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics_Archaeology_">Ceramics (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24827" type="text/json">{"id":24827,"name":"Ceramics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology">Sudanese Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30178" type="text/json">{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33669164]'), work: {"id":33669164,"title":"Pottery from Dongola: A stratigraphic assemblage from unit B.I.41","created_at":"2017-06-27T02:24:54.082-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33669164/Pottery_from_Dongola_A_stratigraphic_assemblage_from_unit_B_I_41?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_33669164","summary":"The article discusses an assemblage of pottery recovered from unit B.I.41, a room in the palatial building B.I excavated on the citadel of Dongola in the 2011 and 2012 seasons. Exploration started with the fill of the room, followed by the fill of structures belonging to an earlier building below it. A well dated sequence of layers from the 6th through 7th centuries was identified. The pottery assemblage proved to be very abundant, composed of table vessels, cooking pots, storage and transport containers; the lattermost group included imported examples, mainly from Egypt. Most of the finds represented Dongolan ceramic production from the period in question.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53675503,"asset_id":33669164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2688494,"first_name":"Katarzyna","last_name":"de Lellis-Danys","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"KatarzynaDanys","display_name":"Katarzyna de Lellis-Danys","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/KatarzynaDanys?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2688494/860277/13529800/s65_katarzyna.danys-lasek.jpg"},{"id":40708025,"first_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","last_name":"PCMA","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA","display_name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean PCMA","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/PolishArchaeologyintheMediterraneanPCMA?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40708025/11086617/61052396/s65_polish_archaeology_in_the_mediterranean.pcma.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":24827,"name":"Ceramics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":33905,"name":"Amphorae (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphorae_Archaeology_?f_ri=281511"},{"id":86306,"name":"Egypt and Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt_and_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":97204,"name":"Late Roman Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Amphorae?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":581046,"name":"Makuria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Makuria?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1887383" data-work_id="1887383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1887383/Tomb_building_tradition_in_Lower_Nubia_from_the_Meroitic_age_to_after_Christianization">Tomb building tradition in Lower Nubia from the Meroitic age to after Christianization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article considers types of graves found to be typical of the Meroitic, post-Meroitic and Christian Nubian kingdom periods and recapitulates the different typologies published by various excavators over the last century. Research has... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1887383" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article considers types of graves found to be typical of the Meroitic, post-Meroitic and Christian Nubian kingdom periods and recapitulates the different typologies published by various excavators over the last century. Research has produced differentiated data sets for given areas, thus confirming the multi-ethnic character of lower Nubia. Nonetheless, the author opts for a continuity of sepulchral traditions.<br />The paper was written in 2005.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1887383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c498a89a857c65ee01a343ad09787651" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":26730287,"asset_id":1887383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26730287/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217995" href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski">Artur Obluski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217995" type="text/json">{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1887383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1887383"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1887383, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1887383", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1887383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1887383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1887383"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1887383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1887383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1887383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1887383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1887383").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1887383").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1887383"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia">Ancient Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40806" type="text/json">{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="259023" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa">Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="259023" type="text/json">{"id":259023,"name":"Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1887383]'), work: {"id":1887383,"title":"Tomb building tradition in Lower Nubia from the Meroitic age to after Christianization","created_at":"2012-08-26T13:55:30.725-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1887383/Tomb_building_tradition_in_Lower_Nubia_from_the_Meroitic_age_to_after_Christianization?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_1887383","summary":"The article considers types of graves found to be typical of the Meroitic, post-Meroitic and Christian Nubian kingdom periods and recapitulates the different typologies published by various excavators over the last century. Research has produced differentiated data sets for given areas, thus confirming the multi-ethnic character of lower Nubia. Nonetheless, the author opts for a continuity of sepulchral traditions.\nThe paper was written in 2005.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":26730287,"asset_id":1887383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":259023,"name":"Nubiology, Late Antique, History and Archaeology of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubiology_Late_Antique_History_and_Archaeology_of_Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44524484" data-work_id="44524484" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44524484/Slave_Trade_Dynamics_in_Abbasid_Egypt_The_Papyrological_Evidence">Slave Trade Dynamics in Abbasid Egypt: The Papyrological Evidence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article discusses the commercial, socio-economic and legal dynamics of slave trading in Egypt on the basis of papyri from the AH third-fourth/ninth-tenth centuries CE. Particular focus is given to the activities of slavers, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44524484" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article discusses the commercial, socio-economic and legal dynamics of slave trading in Egypt on the basis of papyri from the AH third-fourth/ninth-tenth centuries CE. Particular focus is given to the activities of slavers, the networks of professional slave traders, the socio-economics of slave acquisition, and commercial dynamics at slave markets. Much of the discussion draws on the contents of five contemporary papyrus documents that are presented, translated and annotated in the appendix.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44524484" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4dd316264b5f95d2faa61916884452c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65078352,"asset_id":44524484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65078352/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40034486" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/JelleBruning">Jelle Bruning</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40034486" type="text/json">{"id":40034486,"first_name":"Jelle","last_name":"Bruning","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"JelleBruning","display_name":"Jelle Bruning","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/JelleBruning?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44524484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44524484"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44524484, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44524484", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44524484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44524484; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44524484"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44524484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44524484"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44524484; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44524484]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44524484").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44524484").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44524484"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1693" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology">Papyrology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1693" type="text/json">{"id":1693,"name":"Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6283" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery">History of Slavery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6283" type="text/json">{"id":6283,"name":"History of Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9943" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_History">Egyptian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9943" type="text/json">{"id":9943,"name":"Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44524484]'), work: {"id":44524484,"title":"Slave Trade Dynamics in Abbasid Egypt: The Papyrological Evidence","created_at":"2020-11-18T01:20:42.986-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44524484/Slave_Trade_Dynamics_in_Abbasid_Egypt_The_Papyrological_Evidence?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_44524484","summary":"This article discusses the commercial, socio-economic and legal dynamics of slave trading in Egypt on the basis of papyri from the AH third-fourth/ninth-tenth centuries CE. Particular focus is given to the activities of slavers, the networks of professional slave traders, the socio-economics of slave acquisition, and commercial dynamics at slave markets. Much of the discussion draws on the contents of five contemporary papyrus documents that are presented, translated and annotated in the appendix.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65078352,"asset_id":44524484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40034486,"first_name":"Jelle","last_name":"Bruning","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"JelleBruning","display_name":"Jelle Bruning","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/JelleBruning?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":1693,"name":"Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":6283,"name":"History of Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":9943,"name":"Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_History?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":13017,"name":"Slave Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slave_Trade?f_ri=281511"},{"id":13992,"name":"Abbasid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abbasid_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20549,"name":"Nubian-Egyptian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations?f_ri=281511"},{"id":27841,"name":"Medieval Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Slavery?f_ri=281511"},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=281511"},{"id":50805,"name":"Arabic Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Papyrology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":127637,"name":"History of slavery in the Mediterrenean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_slavery_in_the_Mediterrenean?f_ri=281511"},{"id":158088,"name":"Islamic Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economy?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":420923,"name":"Early Islamic Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_Egypt?f_ri=281511"},{"id":467562,"name":"Nubian Studies and Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Studies_and_Egyptology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":592490,"name":"Abbasid Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abbasid_Studies?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39254245" data-work_id="39254245" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39254245/Medieval_graffiti_in_the_sandstone_quarries_of_Meroe_texts_monograms_and_cryptograms_of_Christian_Nubia">Medieval graffiti in the sandstone quarries of Meroe: texts, monograms and cryptograms of Christian Nubia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is plenty of evidence of the use of the quarries around Meroe during the Christian Medieval period, i.e. the time between the mid-first and the mid-second millennia CE, when the study area was part of the realm of the Nubian kingdom... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39254245" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is plenty of evidence of the use of the quarries around Meroe during the Christian Medieval period, i.e. the time between the mid-first and the mid-second millennia CE, when the study area was part of the realm of the Nubian kingdom of Alwa. The prime data are inscriptions using Greek, Coptic or Old Nubian letters – the three main languages of Christian Nubia. Monograms employing Greek letters are the most common form of inscription in the Meroe quarries.<br />The present chapter from the multi-authored volume edited by Brigitte Cech, Thilo Rehren and Abdelrahman Ali presents and discusses this evidence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39254245" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="efbf2cdf0aeb5e8234bc7e59091880ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59386877,"asset_id":39254245,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59386877/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="876074" href="https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos">Alexandros Tsakos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="876074" type="text/json">{"id":876074,"first_name":"Alexandros","last_name":"Tsakos","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"AlexandrosTsakos","display_name":"Alexandros Tsakos","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/876074/382697/464245/s65_alexandros.tsakos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39254245 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39254245"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39254245, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39254245", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39254245 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39254245; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39254245"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39254245 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39254245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39254245; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39254245]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39254245").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39254245").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39254245"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graffiti">Graffiti</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21346" type="text/json">{"id":21346,"name":"Graffiti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graffiti?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology">Sudanese Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30178" type="text/json">{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="111312" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarries">Ancient Quarries</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="111312" type="text/json">{"id":111312,"name":"Ancient Quarries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarries?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39254245]'), work: {"id":39254245,"title":"Medieval graffiti in the sandstone quarries of Meroe: texts, monograms and cryptograms of Christian Nubia","created_at":"2019-05-24T23:07:50.007-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39254245/Medieval_graffiti_in_the_sandstone_quarries_of_Meroe_texts_monograms_and_cryptograms_of_Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_39254245","summary":"There is plenty of evidence of the use of the quarries around Meroe during the Christian Medieval period, i.e. the time between the mid-first and the mid-second millennia CE, when the study area was part of the realm of the Nubian kingdom of Alwa. The prime data are inscriptions using Greek, Coptic or Old Nubian letters – the three main languages of Christian Nubia. Monograms employing Greek letters are the most common form of inscription in the Meroe quarries.\nThe present chapter from the multi-authored volume edited by Brigitte Cech, Thilo Rehren and Abdelrahman Ali presents and discusses this evidence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59386877,"asset_id":39254245,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":876074,"first_name":"Alexandros","last_name":"Tsakos","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"AlexandrosTsakos","display_name":"Alexandros Tsakos","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/AlexandrosTsakos?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/876074/382697/464245/s65_alexandros.tsakos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":21346,"name":"Graffiti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graffiti?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":111312,"name":"Ancient Quarries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarries?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":234292,"name":"Meroe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meroe?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":2441906,"name":"Alodia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alodia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27754727" data-work_id="27754727" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27754727/When_epigraphy_meets_art_history_On_St_Phoibammon_from_Abdallah_n_Irqi">When epigraphy meets art history: On St Phoibammon from Abdallah-n Irqi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article offers a new reading of one of the wall inscriptions discovered during Dutch excavations in the central church of Abdallah-n Irqi. According to the new interpretation, the text includes an annual date, a fact that is extremely... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27754727" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article offers a new reading of one of the wall inscriptions discovered during Dutch excavations in the central church of Abdallah-n Irqi. According to the new interpretation, the text includes an annual date, a fact that is extremely important for the dating of not only the text itself, but also of the wall painting (mounted St Phoibammon) it accompanies. In more general terms, the inscription has helped verify methods for the stylistic dating of Nubian murals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27754727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2075cdb3e10cd85adf8f8799cb117916" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48029699,"asset_id":27754727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48029699/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1193064" href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1193064" type="text/json">{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27754727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27754727"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27754727, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27754727", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27754727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27754727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27754727"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27754727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27754727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27754727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27754727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27754727").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27754727").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27754727"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy">Greek Epigraphy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7257" type="text/json">{"id":7257,"name":"Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="196818" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting">Nubian Painting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="196818" type="text/json">{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27754727]'), work: {"id":27754727,"title":"When epigraphy meets art history: On St Phoibammon from Abdallah-n Irqi","created_at":"2016-08-13T13:57:57.245-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27754727/When_epigraphy_meets_art_history_On_St_Phoibammon_from_Abdallah_n_Irqi?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_27754727","summary":"The article offers a new reading of one of the wall inscriptions discovered during Dutch excavations in the central church of Abdallah-n Irqi. According to the new interpretation, the text includes an annual date, a fact that is extremely important for the dating of not only the text itself, but also of the wall painting (mounted St Phoibammon) it accompanies. In more general terms, the inscription has helped verify methods for the stylistic dating of Nubian murals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48029699,"asset_id":27754727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7257,"name":"Greek Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Epigraphy?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1963271 coauthored" data-work_id="1963271" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1963271/Following_O_G_S_Crawford_satellite_images_and_field_archaeology_in_Sudan">Following O.G.S. Crawford satellite images and field archaeology in Sudan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Method of survey used in Fortresses of Sudan 2008 season</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1963271" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce8bcc2ba0c314e673a5d586148fd0f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":28369683,"asset_id":1963271,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/28369683/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33871376" href="https://amu.academia.edu/WlodekRaczkowski">Włodek Rączkowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33871376" type="text/json">{"id":33871376,"first_name":"Włodek","last_name":"Rączkowski","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"WlodekRaczkowski","display_name":"Włodek Rączkowski","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/WlodekRaczkowski?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1963271">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1963271"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki">Mariusz Drzewiecki</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1963271'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1963271').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1963271 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1963271"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1963271, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1963271", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1963271 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1963271; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1963271"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1963271 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1963271"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1963271; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1963271]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1963271").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1963271").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1963271"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20551" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20551" type="text/json">{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26552" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanarchaeology">Sudanarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26552" type="text/json">{"id":26552,"name":"Sudanarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanarchaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology">Sudanese Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30178" type="text/json">{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32572" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan">Sudan</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32572" type="text/json">{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1963271]'), work: {"id":1963271,"title":"Following O.G.S. Crawford satellite images and field archaeology in Sudan","created_at":"2012-09-23T22:33:22.729-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1963271/Following_O_G_S_Crawford_satellite_images_and_field_archaeology_in_Sudan?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_1963271","summary":"Method of survey used in Fortresses of Sudan 2008 season","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":28369683,"asset_id":1963271,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33871376,"first_name":"Włodek","last_name":"Rączkowski","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"WlodekRaczkowski","display_name":"Włodek Rączkowski","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/WlodekRaczkowski?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":2554957,"first_name":"Mariusz","last_name":"Drzewiecki","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MariuszDrzewiecki","display_name":"Mariusz Drzewiecki","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MariuszDrzewiecki?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2554957/797064/41097710/s65_mariusz.drzewiecki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":26552,"name":"Sudanarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanarchaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":30178,"name":"Sudanese Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudanese_Archaeology?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":32572,"name":"Sudan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511"},{"id":139126,"name":"Sudan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudan_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41497322" data-work_id="41497322" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41497322/Martens_Czarnecka_M_Iconography_of_Jesus_Christ_in_Nubian_Painting_%C3%89tudes_et_Travaux_XXV_2012_241_252">Martens-Czarnecka M., 'Iconography of Jesus Christ in Nubian Painting', Études et Travaux XXV (2012), 241-252</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In religious art the image of Christ as the Incarnation of Logos, the Son of God, the Child born unto Mary, the His figure embodied the most important dogma of Christianity. There are many representations of Christ in Nubian interior... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41497322" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In religious art the image of Christ as the Incarnation of Logos, the Son of God, the Child born unto Mary, the His figure embodied the most important dogma of Christianity. There are many representations of Christ in Nubian interior decoration of the religious buildings. He could be depicted either standing or seated in majesty on the throne. He could have His hands raised in the gesture of the orant. Numerous busts of Christ were enclosed in a form of medallion or mandorla, reminiscent of the imagines clipeatae, or at the intersection of the arms of the crosses. Christ was represented as a half-figure emerging from a cloud, protecting and crowning the main figure in the votive composition. He could also appear in glory, surrounded by the Living Creatures – scheme inspired by the theophanic visions of the Old Testament prophets – depicting in this way the image of the Maiestas Domini. Christ was represented too as the second Person of the Holy Trinity. Finally, He is also always present as the Child in paintings of the Mother of God and in the scenes of the Nativity. In the Nubian murals, Christ is always dressed in the robes of antiquity a chiton (a type of tunic with long, narrow sleeves) and a mantle in the form of a rectangular piece of fabric – himation. The colours of the robes are those traditionally used in the iconography of Christ, conveying the symbolism of royal power, dignity, wisdom and spirituality. Thus, the chiton is usually purple, whilst the himation may be either purple or white. In Nubian iconography Christ’s right hand is always raised in the benedictio graeca gesture and the left hand points at the Book of the Gospel. The head of Christ is almost always framed by a circular halo – a mark of holiness and a symbol of God’s glory, with a cross always inset within. In most cases, the arms of the cross are green – a symbol of eternal life, hope and spiritual awakening. The Greek letters О, Ω and Ν are seen on the cross. The face is framed by locks of shoulder-length hair, two strands lying on the forehead. The tips of the earlobes are visible at the sides of the head. Further features include a short, pointed beard. In Nativity scenes, or when held by the Virgin, the Christ Child is always depicted with the face of an adult. The image of Christ’s face in Nubian murals does not diverge then from the types prevalent in Byzantine art and all differences largely stem from the simplification of a generally accepted model.<br /><br />Full-text PDF available here:<br /><a href="http://www.etudesettravaux.iksiopan.pl/images/etudtrav/EtudTrav_otwarte/EtudTrav_25/18-martens.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.etudesettravaux.iksiopan.pl/images/etudtrav/EtudTrav_otwarte/EtudTrav_25/18-martens.pdf</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41497322" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="572615f26b42671eff4c76a6ccc7ec55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61668140,"asset_id":41497322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61668140/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80416757" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/%C3%89tudesetTravaux">Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80416757" type="text/json">{"id":80416757,"first_name":"Études et Travaux","last_name":"(Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"ÉtudesetTravaux","display_name":"Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/%C3%89tudesetTravaux?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80416757/19484978/164785908/s65__tudes_et_travaux._institut_des_cultures_m_diterran_ennes_et_orientales_de_l_acad_mie_polonaise_des_sciences_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41497322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41497322"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41497322, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41497322", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41497322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41497322; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41497322"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41497322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41497322"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41497322; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41497322]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41497322").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41497322").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41497322"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="196818" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting">Nubian Painting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="196818" type="text/json">{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41497322]'), work: {"id":41497322,"title":"Martens-Czarnecka M., 'Iconography of Jesus Christ in Nubian Painting', Études et Travaux XXV (2012), 241-252","created_at":"2020-01-03T01:14:26.240-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41497322/Martens_Czarnecka_M_Iconography_of_Jesus_Christ_in_Nubian_Painting_%C3%89tudes_et_Travaux_XXV_2012_241_252?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_41497322","summary":"In religious art the image of Christ as the Incarnation of Logos, the Son of God, the Child born unto Mary, the His figure embodied the most important dogma of Christianity. There are many representations of Christ in Nubian interior decoration of the religious buildings. He could be depicted either standing or seated in majesty on the throne. He could have His hands raised in the gesture of the orant. Numerous busts of Christ were enclosed in a form of medallion or mandorla, reminiscent of the imagines clipeatae, or at the intersection of the arms of the crosses. Christ was represented as a half-figure emerging from a cloud, protecting and crowning the main figure in the votive composition. He could also appear in glory, surrounded by the Living Creatures – scheme inspired by the theophanic visions of the Old Testament prophets – depicting in this way the image of the Maiestas Domini. Christ was represented too as the second Person of the Holy Trinity. Finally, He is also always present as the Child in paintings of the Mother of God and in the scenes of the Nativity. In the Nubian murals, Christ is always dressed in the robes of antiquity a chiton (a type of tunic with long, narrow sleeves) and a mantle in the form of a rectangular piece of fabric – himation. The colours of the robes are those traditionally used in the iconography of Christ, conveying the symbolism of royal power, dignity, wisdom and spirituality. Thus, the chiton is usually purple, whilst the himation may be either purple or white. In Nubian iconography Christ’s right hand is always raised in the benedictio graeca gesture and the left hand points at the Book of the Gospel. The head of Christ is almost always framed by a circular halo – a mark of holiness and a symbol of God’s glory, with a cross always inset within. In most cases, the arms of the cross are green – a symbol of eternal life, hope and spiritual awakening. The Greek letters О, Ω and Ν are seen on the cross. The face is framed by locks of shoulder-length hair, two strands lying on the forehead. The tips of the earlobes are visible at the sides of the head. Further features include a short, pointed beard. In Nativity scenes, or when held by the Virgin, the Christ Child is always depicted with the face of an adult. The image of Christ’s face in Nubian murals does not diverge then from the types prevalent in Byzantine art and all differences largely stem from the simplification of a generally accepted model.\n\nFull-text PDF available here:\nhttp://www.etudesettravaux.iksiopan.pl/images/etudtrav/EtudTrav_otwarte/EtudTrav_25/18-martens.pdf","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61668140,"asset_id":41497322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80416757,"first_name":"Études et Travaux","last_name":"(Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"ÉtudesetTravaux","display_name":"Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/%C3%89tudesetTravaux?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80416757/19484978/164785908/s65__tudes_et_travaux._institut_des_cultures_m_diterran_ennes_et_orientales_de_l_acad_mie_polonaise_des_sciences_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":196818,"name":"Nubian Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22469786" data-work_id="22469786" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22469786/The_soulou_in_medieval_Old_Nubian_documents_A_mobile_ethnic_or_professional_group">The soulou in medieval Old Nubian documents: A mobile ethnic or professional group?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Among the sources published by Gerald Michael Browne in his P. Qasr Ibrim II, several documents mention the term soulou. Further evidence for this term from Qasr Ibrim was recently published by Giovanni Ruﬃni in P. Qasr Ibrim IV. Browne... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22469786" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Among the sources published by Gerald Michael Browne in his P. Qasr Ibrim II, several documents mention the term soulou. Further evidence for this term from Qasr Ibrim was recently published by Giovanni Ruﬃni in P. Qasr Ibrim IV. Browne translated the word with ‘shoemaker’ followed by a question mark. His translation referred to Charles Armbruster’s dictionary of the modern Nubian dialect Dongolawi, where the word sulu is rendered as ‘shoemaker, pedlar, cobbler’. The context in which the term soulou occurs in Old Nubian texts, however, suggests that Browne’s translation needs to be revised: <br />These texts are letters exchanged between state and church oﬃcials on the one hand and legal deeds on the other. In one document, which is a copy of a letter to a domestikos of Faras, the domestikosis instructed to greet a soulou. The improbability of a domestikos being instructed to greet a shoemaker might have prompted Browne to add the question mark to this translation. Unless the term is used here as a soubriquet, which seems inappropriate in oﬃcial correspondence, this example shows that the translation of the term is in need of revision. <br />This revision will start with the discussion of the term sulu in contemporary Nubian languages and its understanding in modern scholarship. This will provide a ground for reanalysing the Old Nubian textual sources from Qasr Ibrim mentioning soulou. The argument will be based on a new translation of relevant fragments. The evidence from these texts as well as from the newly published texts from P. Qasr Ibrim IV will then be related to the evidence from the twentieth century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22469786" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="671da4df94a62edffd0a5cf32983f598" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53754229,"asset_id":22469786,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53754229/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4112476" href="https://univie.academia.edu/PetraWeschenfelder">Petra Weschenfelder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4112476" type="text/json">{"id":4112476,"first_name":"Petra","last_name":"Weschenfelder","domain_name":"univie","page_name":"PetraWeschenfelder","display_name":"Petra Weschenfelder","profile_url":"https://univie.academia.edu/PetraWeschenfelder?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4112476/2457560/18213507/s65_petra.weschenfelder.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22469786 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22469786"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22469786, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22469786", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22469786 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22469786; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22469786"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22469786 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22469786"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22469786; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22469786]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22469786").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22469786").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22469786"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106654" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian">Old Nubian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106654" type="text/json">{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122791" type="text/json">{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia">Medieval Nubia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="281511" type="text/json">{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22469786]'), work: {"id":22469786,"title":"The soulou in medieval Old Nubian documents: A mobile ethnic or professional group?","created_at":"2016-02-26T02:40:34.024-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22469786/The_soulou_in_medieval_Old_Nubian_documents_A_mobile_ethnic_or_professional_group?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_22469786","summary":"Among the sources published by Gerald Michael Browne in his P. Qasr Ibrim II, several documents mention the term soulou. Further evidence for this term from Qasr Ibrim was recently published by Giovanni Ruﬃni in P. Qasr Ibrim IV. Browne translated the word with ‘shoemaker’ followed by a question mark. His translation referred to Charles Armbruster’s dictionary of the modern Nubian dialect Dongolawi, where the word sulu is rendered as ‘shoemaker, pedlar, cobbler’. The context in which the term soulou occurs in Old Nubian texts, however, suggests that Browne’s translation needs to be revised: \nThese texts are letters exchanged between state and church oﬃcials on the one hand and legal deeds on the other. In one document, which is a copy of a letter to a domestikos of Faras, the domestikosis instructed to greet a soulou. The improbability of a domestikos being instructed to greet a shoemaker might have prompted Browne to add the question mark to this translation. Unless the term is used here as a soubriquet, which seems inappropriate in oﬃcial correspondence, this example shows that the translation of the term is in need of revision. \nThis revision will start with the discussion of the term sulu in contemporary Nubian languages and its understanding in modern scholarship. This will provide a ground for reanalysing the Old Nubian textual sources from Qasr Ibrim mentioning soulou. The argument will be based on a new translation of relevant fragments. The evidence from these texts as well as from the newly published texts from P. Qasr Ibrim IV will then be related to the evidence from the twentieth century.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53754229,"asset_id":22469786,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4112476,"first_name":"Petra","last_name":"Weschenfelder","domain_name":"univie","page_name":"PetraWeschenfelder","display_name":"Petra Weschenfelder","profile_url":"https://univie.academia.edu/PetraWeschenfelder?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4112476/2457560/18213507/s65_petra.weschenfelder.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":106654,"name":"Old Nubian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":122791,"name":"Nubian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":281518,"name":"Christian Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37662026 coauthored" data-work_id="37662026" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37662026/Title_The_winter_seasons_of_2013_and_2014_in_the_Ghazali_monastery">Title: The winter seasons of 2013 and 2014 in the Ghazali monastery</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article reports on archaeological and conservation work carried out by the expedition of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw in cooperation with the Sudanese National Corporation for Antiquities and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37662026" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article reports on archaeological and conservation work carried out by the expedition of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw in cooperation with the Sudanese National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums in two consecutive seasons in the winter of 2013 and 2014. The excavations focused on the southeastern part of the site. They led to the discovery of a second monastic church (South Church) adjoining the church (North Church) known from Peter Shinnie's work at the site, as well as a sanitary complex consisting of latrines and associated rooms located along the east wall of the monastery. Building material from the South Church, textual and pottery finds recovered during the two seasons, as well as conservation of the wall plaster preserved in the North Church are reported in this article.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37662026" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d02344584dfcc4b88eeb4416c03ed33a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57649778,"asset_id":37662026,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57649778/download_file?st=MTc0MTAxMTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217995" href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski">Artur Obluski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217995" type="text/json">{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37662026">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37662026"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a">Grzegorz Ochała</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/SzymonMaslak">Szymon Maślak</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37662026'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37662026').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37662026 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37662026"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37662026, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37662026", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37662026 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37662026; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37662026"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37662026 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37662026"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37662026; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37662026]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37662026").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37662026").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37662026"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5959" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies">Monastic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5959" type="text/json">{"id":5959,"name":"Monastic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Religion">Archaeology of Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8398" type="text/json">{"id":8398,"name":"Archaeology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Religion?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37662026]'), work: {"id":37662026,"title":"Title: The winter seasons of 2013 and 2014 in the Ghazali monastery","created_at":"2018-10-28T03:35:24.449-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37662026/Title_The_winter_seasons_of_2013_and_2014_in_the_Ghazali_monastery?f_ri=281511","dom_id":"work_37662026","summary":"The article reports on archaeological and conservation work carried out by the expedition of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw in cooperation with the Sudanese National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums in two consecutive seasons in the winter of 2013 and 2014. The excavations focused on the southeastern part of the site. They led to the discovery of a second monastic church (South Church) adjoining the church (North Church) known from Peter Shinnie's work at the site, as well as a sanitary complex consisting of latrines and associated rooms located along the east wall of the monastery. Building material from the South Church, textual and pottery finds recovered during the two seasons, as well as conservation of the wall plaster preserved in the North Church are reported in this article.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57649778,"asset_id":37662026,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217995,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Obluski","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturObluski","display_name":"Artur Obluski","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturObluski?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217995/740695/14975777/s65_artur.obluski.jpg"},{"id":1193064,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Ochała","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"GrzegorzOchała","display_name":"Grzegorz Ochała","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/GrzegorzOcha%C5%82a?f_ri=281511","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1193064/4186794/4875186/s65_grzegorz.ocha_a.jpg"},{"id":56696014,"first_name":"Szymon","last_name":"Maślak","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"SzymonMaslak","display_name":"Szymon Maślak","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/SzymonMaslak?f_ri=281511","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":5959,"name":"Monastic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":8398,"name":"Archaeology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Religion?f_ri=281511","nofollow":true},{"id":16716,"name":"Monastic Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Architecture?f_ri=281511"},{"id":20551,"name":"Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":21629,"name":"Byzantine monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_monasticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":21987,"name":"Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monasticism?f_ri=281511"},{"id":40806,"name":"Ancient Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":80687,"name":"Monastic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"},{"id":281511,"name":"Medieval Nubia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?f_ri=281511"},{"id":678189,"name":"Nubian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology?f_ri=281511"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?after=50%2C37662026" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Nubia">Christian Nubia</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="281518">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="281518">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_studies">Nubian studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="122791">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="122791">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Nubia">Ancient Nubia</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="40806">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="40806">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Archaeology">Nubian Archaeology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="678189">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="678189">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubia">Nubia</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="20551">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="20551">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian-Egyptian_Relations">Nubian-Egyptian Relations</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="20549">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="20549">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Painting">Nubian Painting</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="196818">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="196818">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nubian">Old Nubian</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="106654">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="106654">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Ceramics">Nubian Ceramics</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="36548">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="36548">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nubian_Studies_and_Egyptology">Nubian Studies and Egyptology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="467562">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="467562">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "f1bc4aa2450ac75efb4beede6bb4297ced9836f0c3538cc52be54155ed0c66ad", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="crCgHzUblbjTw5Bm27owD3_NBzFuvbgReYVYd1SpapZspIU9maQ71XfWmt5JfAyuMF7rBLXcM2CX94XizpSLIg" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nubia" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="NiROYMacvcjMlN_SW3qLkT5NGFZ0Q0_EfLOrvhPT_LooMGtCaiMTpWiB1WrJvLcwcd70Y68ixLWSwXYrie4dDg" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>