CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Progress of Civilization Pediment - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"61aff45a-5edf-4780-bd82-47ed88a842be","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment","wgTitle":"Progress of Civilization Pediment","wgCurRevisionId":1226433762,"wgRevisionId":1226433762,"wgArticleId":66081278,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Washington, D.C., articles missing geocoordinate data","All articles needing coordinates","Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata","All stub articles","Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.","Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.","United States Capitol statues","Pedimental sculpture","Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.", "Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.","Sculptures of children in Washington, D.C.","Sculptures of eagles in the United States","United States sculpture stubs"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment","wgRelevantArticleId":66081278,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q104902456","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges": "ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg/1200px-Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="798"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg/800px-Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="532"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg/640px-Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="426"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Progress of Civilization Pediment - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment rootpage-Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Progress+of+Civilization+Pediment" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Progress+of+Civilization+Pediment" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Progress+of+Civilization+Pediment" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Progress+of+Civilization+Pediment" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historical context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Figures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Figures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Figures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backwoodsman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backwoodsman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Backwoodsman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backwoodsman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_boy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_boy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Indian boy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_boy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_chief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_chief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Indian chief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_chief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_mother_and_child" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_mother_and_child"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Indian mother and child</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_mother_and_child-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soldier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soldier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Soldier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soldier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merchant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merchant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Merchant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merchant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_boys,_schoolteacher,_and_child" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_boys,_schoolteacher,_and_child"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>School boys, schoolteacher, and child</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_boys,_schoolteacher,_and_child-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Mechanic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early reactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Later responses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis_and_Interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis_and_Interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Analysis and Interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis_and_Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_findings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_findings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Recent findings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_findings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Progress of Civilization Pediment</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104902456#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&oldid=1226433762" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&id=1226433762&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProgress_of_Civilization_Pediment"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProgress_of_Civilization_Pediment"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Progress_of_Civilization_(Crawford)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104902456" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Marble sculpture in Washington, D.C.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Progress of Civilization Pediment</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_(25787861261).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg/270px-Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg/405px-Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg/540px-Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1663" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Artist</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crawford_(sculptor)" title="Thomas Crawford (sculptor)">Thomas Crawford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Year</th><td class="infobox-data">1863</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Medium</th><td class="infobox-data category">Marble</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">366 cm × 1829 cm (144 in × 720 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Washington D.C.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Progress of Civilization</b></i> is a marble <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediment</a> above the entrance to the Senate wing of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> building designed by the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crawford_(sculptor)" title="Thomas Crawford (sculptor)">Thomas Crawford</a>. An allegorical personification of America stands at the center of the pediment. To her right, a white woodsman clears the wilderness inhabited by a <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> boy, father, mother, and child. The left side of the pediment depicts a soldier, a merchant, two schoolchildren, a teacher with her pupil, and a mechanic. </p><p>When it was originally completed, the pediment received positive reactions in the press. However, it has attracted more critical commentary from scholars since the 1990s<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US Capitol building underwent a restoration program in 2016 which led to new discoveries about the pediment.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1850, Congress legislated the expansion of the Capitol building. Before design and construction began, there were several administrative changes which made it unclear who was in charge of the project. In 1851, <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">President Filmore</a> reinstated the position of the <a href="/wiki/Architect_of_the_Capitol" title="Architect of the Capitol">Architect of the Capitol</a> and named <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ustick_Walter" title="Thomas Ustick Walter">Thomas U. Walker</a> for the role. However, in 1853, administrative responsibilities were taken over by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>. Davis then selected <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_C._Meigs" title="Montgomery C. Meigs">Montgomery Meigs</a> as the supervisor of the project. From this point, Meigs would make decisions and then forward them to Davis and the president for approval. Although he was in control, Meigs had to carefully navigate public opinion, particularly opposition to foreign artists. Meigs reached out to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Edward Everett</a> who recommended <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Powers" title="Hiram Powers">Hiram Powers</a> and Thomas Crawford. Powers refused the offers because of previous disagreements with the government, so Crawford became the primary sculptor for the Capitol extension. In his letters to both Crawford and Powers, Meigs began to refine his vision for the pediment. He envisioned a building that "rivaled the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also had the theme of racial conflict in mind. He recognized that conflict with Native Americans was an ongoing issue at the time and wanted the pediment to reflect that.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Figures">Figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art historian Kirsten Pai Buick argues against reading the pediment from left to right, suggesting instead that is anti-linear and should be viewed as two halves. Buick suggests that the right is the side of the damned (the Native Americans) and the left is the side of the saved (White Americans).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="America">America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing,_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631435.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631435.jpg/77px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631435.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631435.jpg/115px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631435.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631435.jpg/154px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631435.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Central figure of American with eagle and sun</figcaption></figure> <p>The central figure is a personification of <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">America</a>. She stands in <a href="/wiki/Contrapposto" title="Contrapposto">contrapposto</a> and is clothed in classical drapery. Her <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian cap</a> and shawl are decorated in stars. The cap is a representation of <a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">liberty</a>. Her right arm holds a laurel and oak wreath which represent civic and military merit while her left hand is outstretched in an appeal to heaven. Her head is also tilted heavenwards. An <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">eagle</a> is to her left and the sun rises at her feet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backwoodsman">Backwoodsman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Backwoodsman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization,%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing,_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631436.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631436.jpg/96px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631436.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631436.jpg/144px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631436.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631436.jpg/191px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631436.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Backwoodsman</figcaption></figure> <p>To the right of America is a portrayal of a backwoodsman. He holds an ax and cuts down a tree. During the period, the tree stump, ax, and woodcutter were recognized as symbols of the progress of civilization. This symbolism is also present in <a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Melrose" title="Andrew W. Melrose">Andrew Melrose's</a> <i>Westward the Star of Empire Takes Its Way–Near Council Bluffs Iowa</i> and <a href="/wiki/George_Inness" title="George Inness">George Inness</a>'s <i>Lackawanna Valley.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_boy">Indian boy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indian boy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization,%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing,_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009630837.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009630837.jpg/98px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009630837.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009630837.jpg/147px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009630837.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009630837.jpg/196px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009630837.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1258" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Indian Boy</figcaption></figure> <p>The next figure, the Indian boy, stands in contrast with the backwoodsman. The boy has just returned from hunting, as indicated by the game hanging over his right soldier. Art historian Vivien Green Fryd observes that some white Americans regarded hunting as uncivilized at the time, making the Indian boy the embodiment of primitive behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 115">: 115 </span></sup> Fryd further notes that the contrast with the white school children on the other side of the pediment "suggests the uneducated, uncultured, and wild native is symbolically replaced by educated, cultured, and civilized whites."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 123">: 123 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_chief">Indian chief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Indian chief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dying_Indian_Chief_Thomas_Crawford_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dying_Indian_Chief_Thomas_Crawford_jeh.jpg/111px-Dying_Indian_Chief_Thomas_Crawford_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dying_Indian_Chief_Thomas_Crawford_jeh.jpg/167px-Dying_Indian_Chief_Thomas_Crawford_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dying_Indian_Chief_Thomas_Crawford_jeh.jpg/222px-Dying_Indian_Chief_Thomas_Crawford_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="2178" /></a><figcaption>Father/Indian Chief</figcaption></figure> <p>The rest of the Indian boy's family is to the right, beginning with his father, the Indian chief. The father rests on a rock in a position of melancholy. He wears a feathered headdress and a cloth that covers only his groin. His clenched left fist and bent right leg contrast with his relaxed right side. His ax rests across the rock and is covered by animal skin. Fryd describes this covering as "a sign of the Indian's inability to employ force."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 116">: 116 </span></sup> In Crawford's words, the Indian chief is meant to "embody all the despair and profound grief resulting from the conviction of the white man's triumph."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 116">: 116 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_mother_and_child">Indian mother and child</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Indian mother and child"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization,%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing,_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631369.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631369.jpg/142px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631369.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631369.jpg/213px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631369.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631369.jpg/284px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%2C%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631369.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1246" /></a><figcaption>Indian Mother and Child</figcaption></figure> <p>The final figures on the right side of the pediment are the Indian mother and child reclining next to a grave. These figures follow the mood of melancholy and despair of the Indian chief.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An art journal from the time described the figures with the following statement: "The mother, with prophetic fear, grasps her infant to her bosom, she reclines her cheek on its tiny face as though, in her great love, she would shroud it from the inevitable fate awaiting its race, its name, its very land; a fate sadly imaged forth by a heaped-up grave before her."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soldier">Soldier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Soldier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing,_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631433.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631433.jpg/89px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631433.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631433.jpg/134px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631433.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631433.jpg/178px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631433.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Soldier</figcaption></figure> <p>The first figure to the left of America is the soldier. He is a reference to the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican War</a>, and the ongoing war against Native American tribes. This symbolism is in line with the rhetoric of <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">President Buchanan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Senator Davis</a> who were prominent proponents of the Mexican War and the war against the tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 121">: 121 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merchant">Merchant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Merchant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_senate_wing,_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631432.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631432.jpg/87px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631432.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631432.jpg/132px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631432.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631432.jpg/175px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631432.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Merchant</figcaption></figure> <p>Next to the soldier is the merchant. He is seated and surrounded by symbols of commerce. His hand rests on a globe to reference the extensive American trade going on at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 121">: 121 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_boys,_schoolteacher,_and_child"><span id="School_boys.2C_schoolteacher.2C_and_child"></span>School boys, schoolteacher, and child</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: School boys, schoolteacher, and child"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing,_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631430.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631430.jpg/104px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631430.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631430.jpg/156px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631430.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631430.jpg/208px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631430.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1246" /></a><figcaption>Schoolteacher and Child</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing,_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631431.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631431.jpg/102px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631431.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631431.jpg/153px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631431.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631431.jpg/204px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631431.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Two School Boys</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the merchant is a group of schoolchildren and their teacher. Crawford stated that the two boys step forward "to the service of their country" while the schoolteacher instructs the third child.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 123">: 123 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanic">Mechanic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mechanic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing,_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631429.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631429.jpg/116px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631429.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631429.jpg/174px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631429.jpg/232px-Detail_of_%22Progress_of_Civilization%22_east_pediment_of_the_Senate_wing%2C_U.S._Capitol_LCCN2009631429.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption>Mechanic</figcaption></figure> <p>The mechanic is the final figure on the left side of the pediment. He is meant to symbolize industrial and agricultural accomplishments as the means of progress for America. His reclining position and the sheaf of wheat to his side establish a contrast with the Indian mother and child and the grave at their side. Fryd describes the final figures and the objects as representations of "civilization's future and the Indian's necessary destruction."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 122">: 122 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_reactions">Early reactions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Early reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon completion, the pediment received praise from critics. The journal <i>The Crayon</i> complimented Crawford and his treatment of the pediment's subjects. The publication also includes an excerpt from the <i>London Art Journal</i> which states, "One can fancy the proud delight with which the arrival of this work will be welcomed in America."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, <i>The Crayon</i> also praised Crawford's portrayal of the Indian Chief figure.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_responses">Later responses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Later responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The art historian Vivien Green Fryd argues that the pediment sends the message that "Native Americans must be removed and extirpated, if necessary, for the continued progress of the United States."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 124">: 124 </span></sup> Other sculptures with similar implications, such as <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Greenough" title="Horatio Greenough">Horatio Greenough's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rescue_(statue)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rescue (statue)">The Rescue</a></i>, were removed from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a> in the twentieth century because of their depiction of the white displacement of Indigenous Americans. Crawford's pediment has not been subject to the same calls for removal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis_and_Interpretations">Analysis and Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Analysis and Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art historian Kirsten Pai Buick argues for the importance of analyzing the pediment in relation to its physical context on the Senate building. Further, she says that traditional art history has impeded analysis of the pediment because the Senate is viewed as the 'patron' and Crawford as the 'artist.' Assigning the Senate this role, Buick indicates, removes it from its political function in funding the pediment. Throughout her essay, Buick aims to "reconnect [the Senate] as a governing body to the meaning of the sculpture relative to the Senate's power to advise and consent in treaty making with Native Americans."<sup id="cite_ref-:22_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klaus Lubbers argues for seeing the pediment in relation to <a href="/wiki/Indian_peace_medal" title="Indian peace medal">Indian Peace Medals</a>, which were gifts presented to chiefs during events such as treaty signings to “promote peace and friendship between Indians and their white neighbors.”<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symmetry was a typical characteristic of the medals, symbolizing balance between Native Americans and their white counterparts. However, the white figures in these medals eventually were portrayed as crossing over the center and pushing Native Americans towards the edge, which Lubbers says symbolized the displacement and murder of Native Americans. Lubbers suggests that Crawford used symmetry on the pediment to be an element of "stabilization and justification." However, because the figures on either side are not portrayed equally, the symmetry has the effect of minimizing the significance of governmental and settler mistreatment of Native Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_findings">Recent findings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Recent findings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016, the US Capitol Building underwent a stone restoration project. This allowed for a closer look at the pediment and extensive photo documentation, which had been previously limited by the height of the pediment. The three-dimensionality of the sculpture was a surprising discovery. Through closer observation, it was revealed that the sides and backs of the sculptures were detailed despite not being visible from the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other discoveries have to do with the Merchant figure. Scholars involved in the restoration discovered that the Merchant is actually a portrait of <a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">James Guthrie</a> who was the Secretary of the Treasury under President Pierce in 1854. Additionally, the figure's index figure on the globe points at Europe, which may be a reference to the Treaty of Kanagawa.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, an inscription was found below the figure's right foot. It says "$28,000,000." This inscription was initially a mystery, but scholars discovered that it refers to the Treasury surplus in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lubbers, Klaus. “Strategies of Appropriating the West: The Evidence of Indian Peace Medals.” <i>American Art</i> 8, no. 3/4 (1994): 79–95. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109173">3109173</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Buick, Kirsten Pai. “Narrative Structure as Secular Judgement in Thomas Crawford's <i>Progress of Civilization</i>.” In <i>Race and Vision in the Nineteenth-Century United States</i>, edited by Shirley Samuels, 169-178. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFryd1992" class="citation book cs1">Fryd, Vivien Green (1992). <i>Art & Empire: The Politics of Ethnicity in the United States Capitol, 1815-1860</i>. Arcata Graphics-Halliday.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+%26+Empire%3A+The+Politics+of+Ethnicity+in+the+United+States+Capitol%2C+1815-1860&rft.pub=Arcata+Graphics-Halliday&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Fryd&rft.aufirst=Vivien+Green&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+of+Civilization+Pediment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2016" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Michele (September 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/blog/new-perspective-new-discoveries-close-look-crawfords-progress">"New Perspective, New Discoveries: A Close-Up Look at Crawford's Progress of Civilization"</a>. <i>Architect of the Capitol</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Architect+of+the+Capitol&rft.atitle=New+Perspective%2C+New+Discoveries%3A+A+Close-Up+Look+at+Crawford%27s+Progress+of+Civilization&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoc.gov%2Fexplore-capitol-campus%2Fblog%2Fnew-perspective-new-discoveries-close-look-crawfords-progress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+of+Civilization+Pediment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crawford to Meigs, October 31, 1853.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25526904">"Crawford and His Last Work"</a>. <i>The Crayon</i>. <b>1</b> (11): 167–168. 1855. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2150-3176">2150-3176</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25526904">25526904</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Crayon&rft.atitle=Crawford+and+His+Last+Work&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=167-168&rft.date=1855&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25526904%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2150-3176&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25526904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+of+Civilization+Pediment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25527580">"Sketchings"</a>. <i>The Crayon</i>. <b>4</b> (5): 154–158. 1857. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2150-3176">2150-3176</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25527580">25527580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Crayon&rft.atitle=Sketchings&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=154-158&rft.date=1857&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25527580%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2150-3176&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25527580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+of+Civilization+Pediment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:22_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buick, Kirsten Pai. “Narrative Structure as Secular Judgement in Thomas Crawford's <i>Progress of Civilization</i>.” In <i>Race and Vision in the Nineteenth-Century United States</i>, edited by Shirley Samuels, 169-178. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2018" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Michele (April 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/blog/28000000-question">"The $28,000,000 Question"</a>. <i>Architect of the Capitol</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Architect+of+the+Capitol&rft.atitle=The+%2428%2C000%2C000+Question&rft.date=2018-04-17&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoc.gov%2Fexplore-capitol-campus%2Fblog%2F28000000-question&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+of+Civilization+Pediment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thomas_Crawford" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thomas_Crawford" title="Template:Thomas Crawford"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thomas_Crawford" title="Template talk:Thomas Crawford"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thomas_Crawford" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thomas Crawford"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thomas_Crawford" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crawford_(sculptor)" title="Thomas Crawford (sculptor)">Thomas Crawford</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Girl_Dying" title="Mexican Girl Dying">Mexican Girl Dying</a></i> (1848)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i> (1862)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Progress of Civilization Pediment</a></i> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a> (1868)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></i> (1905)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Crawford_Fraser" title="Mary Crawford Fraser">Mary Crawford Fraser</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Marion_Crawford" title="Francis Marion Crawford">Francis Marion Crawford</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_art_in_Washington,_D.C." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_art_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Template:Public art in Washington, D.C."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_art_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Template talk:Public art in Washington, D.C."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_art_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public art in Washington, D.C."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_art_in_Washington,_D.C." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of public art in Washington, D.C.">Public art in Washington, D.C.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">Portrait sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_(Ximenes)" title="Dante Alighieri (Ximenes)">Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Asbury_(Lukeman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Asbury (Lukeman)">Francis Asbury</a></li> <li>Mustafa Kemal Atatürk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Atat%C3%BCrk_(Sheridan_Circle)" title="Statue of Atatürk (Sheridan Circle)">Sheridan Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Atat%C3%BCrk_(Turkish_Embassy,_Washington)" title="Statue of Atatürk (Turkish Embassy, Washington)">Turkish Embassy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune_Memorial" title="Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_Blackstone" title="Statue of William Blackstone">William Blackstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Memorial" title="James Buchanan Memorial">James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Carroll" title="Statue of John Carroll">John Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Winston Churchill (Washington, D.C.)">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daguerre_Memorial" title="Daguerre Memorial">Louis Daguerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Memorial" title="Albert Einstein Memorial">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet_(Connor)" title="Robert Emmet (Connor)">Robert Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson_Memorial" title="John Ericsson Memorial">John Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Albert_Gallatin" title="Statue of Albert Gallatin">Albert Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (Washington, D.C.)">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield_Monument" title="James A. Garfield Monument">James A. Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cardinal_Gibbons_Memorial_Statue" title="James Cardinal Gibbons Memorial Statue">James Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlil_Gibran_Memorial_Garden_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Kahlil Gibran Memorial Garden (Washington, D.C.)">Kahlil Gibran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Josh_Gibson" title="Statue of Josh Gibson">Josh Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gompers_Memorial" title="Samuel Gompers Memorial">Samuel Gompers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mother_Th%C3%A9odore_Gu%C3%A9rin_(Clark)" title="Saint Mother Théodore Guérin (Clark)">Théodore Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hahnemann_Monument" title="Samuel Hahnemann Monument">Samuel Hahnemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Alexander_Hamilton_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Alexander Hamilton (Washington, D.C.)">Alexander Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Joseph_Henry" title="Statue of Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Statue of Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Andrew_Jackson_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson (Washington, D.C.)">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Joan_of_Arc_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (Washington, D.C.)">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Walter_Johnson" title="Statue of Walter Johnson">Walter Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Vasil_Levski" title="Bust of Vasil Levski">Vasil Levski</a></li> <li>Abraham Lincoln <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(District_of_Columbia_City_Hall)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (District of Columbia City Hall)">D.C. City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Memorial" title="Emancipation Memorial">Emancipation Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Lincoln_Memorial)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln Memorial)">Lincoln Memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow_Memorial" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Memorial">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Monument_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Luther Monument (Washington, D.C.)">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela (Washington, D.C.)">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_(Piccirilli)" title="Guglielmo Marconi (Piccirilli)">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_John_Marshall" title="Chief Justice John Marshall">John Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Princess_M%C3%A4rtha" title="Crown Princess Märtha">Crown Princess Märtha of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (Washington, D.C.)">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_Memorial" title="George Mason Memorial">George Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg_Memorial" title="Peter Muhlenberg Memorial">Peter Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Bernardo_O%27Higgins_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Bust of Bernardo O'Higgins (Washington, D.C.)">Bernardo O'Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing_General_of_the_Armies" title="John J. Pershing General of the Armies">John J. Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin_de_Porres_(sculpture)" title="Saint Martin de Porres (sculpture)">Martin de Porres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Alexander_Pushkin_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Alexander Pushkin (Washington, D.C.)">Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Island" title="Theodore Roosevelt Island">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Alberto_Santos-Dumont" title="Bust of Alberto Santos-Dumont">Alberto Santos-Dumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Olive_Risley_Seward" title="Statue of Olive Risley Seward">Olive Risley Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Alexander_Robey_Shepherd" title="Statue of Alexander Robey Shepherd">Alexander Robey Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_Memorial" title="Taras Shevchenko Memorial">Taras Shevchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Soh_Jaipil" title="Statue of Soh Jaipil">Soh Jaipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft_Memorial" title="Robert A. Taft Memorial">Robert A. Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Statue of Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a></li> <li>George Washington <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Fairbanks)" title="George Washington (Fairbanks)">GWU busts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Houdon)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Houdon)">GWU statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">National Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)">U.S. Capitol east lawn</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Memorial" title="Daniel Webster Memorial">Daniel Webster</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution_Statuary" title="American Revolution Statuary">American<br />Revolution Statuary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Barry" title="Statue of John Barry">John Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke_(Thomas)" title="Edmund Burke (Thomas)">Edmund Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Washington, D.C.)">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Nathanael_Greene" title="Equestrian statue of Nathanael Greene">Nathanael Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nathan_Hale_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Nathan Hale (Washington, D.C.)">Nathan Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Memorial" title="John Paul Jones Memorial">John Paul Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Tadeusz Kościuszko (Washington, D.C.)">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Washington, D.C.)">Marquis de Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Casimir_Pulaski" title="Equestrian statue of Casimir Pulaski">Casimir Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_General_Comte_Jean_de_Rochambeau" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General Comte Jean de Rochambeau">Comte de Rochambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Statue of Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">Baron von Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Artemas_Ward" title="Statue of Artemas Ward">Artemas Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">George Washington (Washington Circle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Witherspoon" title="Statue of John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Monuments_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Civil War Monuments in Washington, D.C.">Civil War<br />Monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_David_Farragut_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of David Farragut (Washington, D.C.)">David Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant_Memorial" title="Ulysses S. Grant Memorial">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Equestrian statue of Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_John_A._Logan" title="Equestrian statue of John A. Logan">John A. Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_B._McClellan" title="Equestrian statue of George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_James_B._McPherson" title="Equestrian statue of James B. McPherson">James B. McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Meade_Memorial" title="George Gordon Meade Memorial">George Gordon Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pike_Memorial" title="Albert Pike Memorial">Albert Pike</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Aaron_Rawlins" title="Statue of John Aaron Rawlins">John Aaron Rawlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Winfield_Scott" title="Equestrian statue of Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Philip_Sheridan_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Equestrian statue of Philip Sheridan (Washington, D.C.)">Philip Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_William_Tecumseh_Sherman_Monument" title="General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument">William Tecumseh Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_Grand_Army_of_the_Republic_Memorial" title="Stephenson Grand Army of the Republic Memorial">Benjamin F. Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Henry_Thomas" title="Equestrian statue of George Henry Thomas">George Henry Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Statues_of_the_Liberators" title="Statues of the Liberators">Statues of<br />the Liberators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jos%C3%A9_Gervasio_Artigas_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of José Gervasio Artigas (Washington, D.C.)">José Gervasio Artigas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Equestrian statue of Simón Bolívar (Washington, D.C.)">Simón Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Equestrian statue of Bernardo de Gálvez">Bernardo de Gálvez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Benito Juárez (Washington, D.C.)">Benito Juárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Jose_de_San_Martin_Memorial" title="General Jose de San Martin Memorial">José de San Martín</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">Other monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Earthquake_(Sogoyan)" title="Armenian Earthquake (Sogoyan)">Armenian Earthquake</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ashes_to_Answers" title="Ashes to Answers">Ashes to Answers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scout_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Scout Memorial">Boy Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal_commemorative_obelisk" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Canal commemorative obelisk">Chesapeake and Ohio Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Friendship_Urn" title="Cuban Friendship Urn">Cuban–American Friendship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Downing_Urn" title="Andrew Jackson Downing Urn">Andrew Jackson Downing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Founders_of_the_Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="The Founders of the Daughters of the American Revolution">Founders of the Daughters of the American Revolution</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor_Genocide_Memorial" title="Holodomor Genocide Memorial">Holodomor Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Law_Enforcement_Officers_Memorial" title="National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial">Law Enforcement Officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Titanic Memorial (Washington, D.C.)"><i>Titanic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Communism_Memorial" title="Victims of Communism Memorial">Victims of Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="War_memorials" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Memorial" title="American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial">American Veterans Disabled for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_War_Memorial" title="District of Columbia War Memorial">District of Columbia</a> (WWI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Division_Monument" title="First Division Monument">First Division</a> (WWI–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_Grand_Army_of_the_Republic_Memorial" title="Stephenson Grand Army of the Republic Memorial">Grand Army of the Republic</a> (Civil War)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Veterans_Memorial" title="Korean War Veterans Memorial">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_%E2%80%93_Merchant_Marine_Memorial" title="Navy – Merchant Marine Memorial">Navy – Merchant Marine</a> (WWI–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuns_of_the_Battlefield" title="Nuns of the Battlefield">Nuns of the Battlefield</a> (Civil War)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Monument" title="Peace Monument">Peace Monument</a> (Civil War)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Division_Memorial" title="Second Division Memorial">Second Division</a> (WWI–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Memorial" title="United States Navy Memorial">U.S. Navy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Homecoming_(statue)" title="The Homecoming (statue)">The Homecoming</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lone_Sailor" title="The Lone Sailor">The Lone Sailor</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Soldiers_(statue)" title="Three Soldiers (statue)">Three Soldiers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Women%27s_Memorial" title="Vietnam Women's Memorial">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Memorial" title="World War II Memorial">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_American_Memorial_to_Patriotism_During_World_War_II" title="Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II">Japanese-American Patriotism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_Astra_(Lippold_sculpture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad Astra (Lippold sculpture)">Ad Astra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allow_Me" title="Allow Me">Allow Me</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Always_Becoming" title="Always Becoming">Always Becoming</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arbre_Serpents" title="Arbre Serpents">Arbre Serpents</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arts_of_War_and_The_Arts_of_Peace" title="The Arts of War and The Arts of Peace"><i>The Arts of War</i> and <i>The Arts of Peace</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ascension_(Wercollier)" title="Ascension (Wercollier)">Ascension</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Seal" title="Australian Seal">Australian Seal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearing_Witness_(sculpture)" title="Bearing Witness (sculpture)">Bearing Witness</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bex_Eagle" title="The Bex Eagle">Bex Eagle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Bridge_Across_and_Beyond" title="A Bridge Across and Beyond">A Bridge Across and Beyond</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Tender%27s_House_(artwork)" title="Bridge Tender's House (artwork)">Bridge Tender's House</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_(Proctor)" title="Buffalo (Proctor)">Buffalo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Build-Grow" title="Build-Grow">Build-Grow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carry_the_Rainbow_on_Your_Shoulders" title="Carry the Rainbow on Your Shoulders">Carry the Rainbow on Your Shoulders</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cascading_Waterfall" title="Cascading Waterfall">Cascading Waterfall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chair_(sculpture)" title="Chair (sculpture)">Chair</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chess_Players_(sculpture)" title="The Chess Players (sculpture)">The Chess Players</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Composition_for_the_Axemen" title="Composition for the Axemen">Composition for the Axemen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Continuum_(sculpture)" title="Continuum (sculpture)">Continuum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delta_Solar" title="Delta Solar">Delta Solar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Discovery_of_America_(sculpture)" title="The Discovery of America (sculpture)">Discovery of America</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discus_Thrower_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Discus Thrower (Washington, D.C.)">Discus Thrower</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(Kennedy_Center_sculpture)" title="Don Quixote (Kennedy Center sculpture)"><i>Don Quixote</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Extra_Mile" title="The Extra Mile">The Extra Mile</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Circle_(House)" title="Family Circle (House)">Family Circle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Triangle_Flowers" title="Federal Triangle Flowers">Federal Triangle Flowers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fortitude_(King)" title="Fortitude (King)">Fortitude</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Bell,_American_Legion" title="Freedom Bell, American Legion">Freedom Bell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Archway" title="Friendship Archway">Friendship Archway</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gwenfritz" title="Gwenfritz">Gwenfritz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/(Here_I_Stand)_In_the_Spirit_of_Paul_Robeson" title="(Here I Stand) In the Spirit of Paul Robeson">(Here I Stand) In the Spirit of Paul Robeson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Jesus" title="Homeless Jesus">Homeless Jesus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infinity_(de_Rivera)" title="Infinity (de Rivera)">Infinity</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lantern_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Japanese Lantern (Washington, D.C.)">Japanese Lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Pagoda_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Japanese Pagoda (Washington, D.C.)">Japanese Pagoda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lift_Off_(sculpture)" title="Lift Off (sculpture)">Lift Off</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loss_and_Regeneration" title="Loss and Regeneration">Loss and Regeneration</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Ma%C3%ADz" title="El Maíz">El Maíz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mama_Ayesha%27s_Restaurant_Presidential_Mural" title="The Mama Ayesha's Restaurant Presidential Mural">The Mama Ayesha's Restaurant Presidential Mural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Protector_of_Faith_(Russo)" title="Mary, Protector of Faith (Russo)">Mary, Protector of Faith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nana_on_a_Dolphin" title="Nana on a Dolphin">Nana on a Dolphin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Number_23_Basketball_Player" title="Number 23 Basketball Player">Number 23 Basketball Player</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Leaf_(Scheer)" title="New Leaf (Scheer)">New Leaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Parable_(statue)" title="The Parable (statue)">The Parable</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillar_of_Fire_(sculpture)" title="Pillar of Fire (sculpture)">Pillar of Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rescue_(sculpture)" title="The Rescue (sculpture)">The Rescue</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(Bakalar)" title="Renaissance (Bakalar)">Renaissance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Horse_(sculpture)" title="River Horse (sculpture)">River Horse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Jerome_the_Priest_(Me%C5%A1trovi%C4%87)" title="St. Jerome the Priest (Meštrović)">St. Jerome the Priest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saraswati_(sculpture)" title="Saraswati (sculpture)">Saraswati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serenity_(Clara)" title="Serenity (Clara)">Serenity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Servant_Christ" title="The Servant Christ">The Servant Christ</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/She_Who_Must_Be_Obeyed_(sculpture)" title="She Who Must Be Obeyed (sculpture)">She Who Must Be Obeyed</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sky_Landscape" title="Sky Landscape">Sky Landscape</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Haida_Gwaii" title="Spirit of Haida Gwaii">Spirit of Haida Gwaii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_(sculpture)" title="Symbiosis (sculpture)">Symbiosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trigadilly" title="Trigadilly">Trigadilly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Trois_Gr%C3%A2ces" title="Les Trois Grâces">Les Trois Grâces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Men_Reading" title="Two Men Reading">Two Men Reading</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Beazley" title="Uncle Beazley">Uncle Beazley</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architectural<br />sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acacia_Griffins" title="Acacia Griffins">Acacia Griffins</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Legion_Soldier" title="American Legion Soldier">American Legion Soldier</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Democracy" title="Apotheosis of Democracy">Apotheosis of Democracy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canova_Lions" title="Canova Lions">Canova Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Doors" title="Columbus Doors">Columbus Doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darth_Vader_grotesque" title="Darth Vader grotesque">Darth Vader grotesque</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Freedom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Government_Printing_Office_Workers" title="Government Printing Office Workers">Government Printing Office Workers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_(sculpture)" title="Guardianship (sculpture)">Guardianship</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Heritage_(sculpture)" title="Heritage (sculpture)">Heritage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_(sculpture)" title="Inspiration (sculpture)">Inspiration</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_Controlling_Trade" title="Man Controlling Trade">Man Controlling Trade</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Progress of Civilization Pediment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Past_(Aitken)" title="Past (Aitken)">Past</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Present_(Aitken)" title="Present (Aitken)">Present</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Progress_of_Railroading" title="The Progress of Railroading">The Progress of Railroading</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Students_Aspire" title="Students Aspire">Students Aspire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartholdi_Fountain" title="Bartholdi Fountain">Bartholdi Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butt%E2%80%93Millet_Memorial_Fountain" title="Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain">Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Fountain" title="Columbus Fountain">Columbus Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Neptune_Fountain" title="Court of Neptune Fountain">Court of Neptune Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Memorial_Fountain" title="Darlington Memorial Fountain">Darlington Memorial Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle_Fountain" title="Dupont Circle Fountain">Dupont Circle Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMillan_Fountain" title="McMillan Fountain">McMillan Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Memorial_Fountain" title="Andrew W. Mellon Memorial Fountain">Andrew W. Mellon Memorial Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Straus_Memorial" title="Oscar Straus Memorial">Oscar Straus Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_Fountain_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Temperance Fountain (Washington, D.C.)">Temperance Fountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C.,_Ward_1" title="List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 1">Ward 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C.,_Ward_2" title="List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 2">Ward 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C.,_Ward_3" title="List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 3">Ward 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C.,_Ward_4" title="List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 4">Ward 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C.,_Ward_5" title="List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 5">Ward 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C.,_Ward_6" title="List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6">Ward 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C.,_Ward_7" title="List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 7">Ward 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C.,_Ward_8" title="List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 8">Ward 8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Graffiti in Washington, D.C.">Graffiti in Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Key</b>: † Removed <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artworks_commemorating_African_Americans_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of artworks commemorating African Americans in Washington, D.C.">Artworks commemorating African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">National Statuary Hall Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sculptures_of_the_National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculptures of the National Statuary Hall Collection">sculptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">National Statuary Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_sculpture_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Outdoor sculpture in Washington, D.C.">Outdoor sculpture</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Capitol_Complex" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Capitol_Complex" title="Template:United States Capitol Complex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Capitol_Complex" title="Template talk:United States Capitol Complex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Capitol_Complex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Capitol Complex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Capitol_Complex" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Complex" title="United States Capitol Complex">United States Capitol Complex</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives chamber">House chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_buildings" title="Congressional office buildings">Office buildings</a> (<a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_lottery" title="Congressional office lottery">office lottery</a>): <a href="/wiki/Cannon_House_Office_Building" title="Cannon House Office Building">Cannon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Library" title="United States House of Representatives Library">House Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_House_Office_Building" title="Ford House Office Building">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longworth_House_Office_Building" title="Longworth House Office Building">Longworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayburn_House_Office_Building" title="Rayburn House Office Building">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_House_Office_Building" title="O'Neill House Office Building">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_House_Office_Building_(1947)" title="O'Neill House Office Building (1947)">O'Neill</a> (former)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Capitol_rotunda_outside.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/US_Capitol_rotunda_outside.JPG/75px-US_Capitol_rotunda_outside.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/US_Capitol_rotunda_outside.JPG/113px-US_Capitol_rotunda_outside.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/US_Capitol_rotunda_outside.JPG/150px-US_Capitol_rotunda_outside.JPG 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="1170" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_chamber" title="United States Senate chamber">Senate chamber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Senate_Chamber" title="Old Senate Chamber">Old Senate Chamber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Reception_Room" title="United States Senate Reception Room">Senate Reception Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideaway_(U.S._Senate)" title="Hideaway (U.S. Senate)">Hideaways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_buildings" title="Congressional office buildings">Office buildings</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dirksen_Senate_Office_Building" title="Dirksen Senate Office Building">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Senate_Office_Building" title="Hart Senate Office Building">Hart</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_Clouds" title="Mountains and Clouds">Mountains and Clouds</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building" title="Russell Senate Office Building">Russell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Library" title="United States Senate Library">Senate Library</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Building" title="John Adams Building">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Building" title="Thomas Jefferson Building">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Memorial_Building" title="James Madison Memorial Building">Madison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_Library_of_Congress" title="Law Library of Congress">Law Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford_Theater" title="Mary Pickford Theater">Mary Pickford Theater</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">Cornerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_dome" title="United States Capitol dome">Dome</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">Rotunda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Doors" title="Columbus Doors">Columbus Doors</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(painting)" title="Declaration of Independence (painting)"><i>Declaration of Independence</i> painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda#Frieze_of_American_History" title="United States Capitol rotunda"><i>Frieze of American History</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne" title="Surrender of General Burgoyne">Surrender of General Burgoyne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Jefferson_(David_d%27Angers)" title="Statue of Thomas Jefferson (David d'Angers)">Jefferson statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(U.S._Capitol)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (U.S. Capitol)">Lincoln statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)">Washington statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">National Statuary Hall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_crypt" title="United States Capitol crypt">Crypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Columns" title="Hall of Columns">Hall of Columns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brumidi_Corridors" title="Brumidi Corridors">Brumidi Corridors</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Democracy" title="Apotheosis of Democracy">Apotheosis of Democracy</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Progress of Civilization Pediment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Reading_of_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_of_President_Lincoln" title="First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln">First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(Bittinger)" title="Abraham Lincoln (Bittinger)"><i>Abraham Lincoln</i> (Bittinger)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States">Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton">Washington at Princeton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Westward_the_Course_of_Empire_Takes_Its_Way" title="Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way">Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Vice_Presidential_Bust_Collection" title="United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection">Vice Presidential Bust Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Clock" title="Ohio Clock">Ohio Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Room" title="President's Room">President's Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President%27s_Room" title="Vice President's Room">Vice President's Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Prayer_Room" title="Congressional Prayer Room">Congressional Prayer Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Supreme_Court_Chamber" title="Old Supreme Court Chamber">Old Supreme Court Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Tomb_(United_States_Capitol)" title="Washington's Tomb (United States Capitol)">Washington's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Visitor_Center" title="United States Capitol Visitor Center">Visitor Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Catafalque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Catafalque">Lincoln Catafalque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)"><i>George Washington</i> as Zeus</a> (sculpture, 1841–1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Discovery_of_America_(sculpture)" title="The Discovery of America (sculpture)">Discovery of America</a></i> (sculpture, 1844–1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rescue_(sculpture)" title="The Rescue (sculpture)">The Rescue</a></i> (sculpture, 1853–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capitol_Columns" title="National Capitol Columns">National Capitol Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol_Gatehouses_and_Gateposts" title="U.S. Capitol Gatehouses and Gateposts">U.S. Capitol Gatehouses and Gateposts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_art" title="United States Capitol art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artwork_at_the_United_States_Capitol_complex" title="List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex">List of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_portraits_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_collection_(A-J)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)">List of portraits (A-J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_artworks_in_the_United_States_Capitol" title="Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol">Confederate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield_Monument" title="James A. Garfield Monument">James A. Garfield Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant_Memorial" title="Ulysses S. Grant Memorial">Ulysses S. Grant Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Monument" title="Peace Monument">Peace Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_Federal_Judiciary_Building" title="Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building">Judiciary Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Power_Plant" title="Capitol Power Plant">Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Reflecting_Pool" title="Capitol Reflecting Pool">Reflecting Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_subway_system" title="United States Capitol subway system">Subway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">Supreme Court Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Union Square (Washington, D.C.)">Union Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Senate_Page_Residence" title="Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence">Senate Page Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Congress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Congress" title="Template:United States Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Congress" title="Template talk:United States Congress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Congress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Congress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">Joint session</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a> ← <a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a> → <a href="/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress" title="119th United States Congress">119th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_Congress" title="Lists of United States Congress">Lists of United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Members_and_leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_congress" title="Member of congress">Members and leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_longevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service">By length of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_brevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by brevity of service">By shortness of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_youngest_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of youngest members of the United States Congress">Youngest members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">Non-voting members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unseated_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Unseated members of the United States Congress">Unseated members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">seniority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_United_States_senators" title="List of former United States senators">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_expelled_or_censured" title="List of United States senators expelled or censured">Expelled or censured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_born_outside_the_United_States" title="List of United States senators born outside the United States">Born outside the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resignation_from_the_United_States_Senate" title="Resignation from the United States Senate">Resigned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appointed_United_States_senators" title="List of appointed United States senators">Appointed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_who_switched_parties" title="List of United States senators who switched parties">Switched parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Seniority in the United States House of Representatives">seniority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of former members of the United States House of Representatives">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_expelled,_censured,_or_reprimanded" title="List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded">Expelled, censured, and reprimanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_served_a_single_term" title="List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term">Served a single term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_lost_re-election_in_a_primary" title="List of members of the United States House of Representatives who lost re-election in a primary">Lost re-election in a primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_who_switched_parties" title="List of United States representatives who switched parties">Switched parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members-elect_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_never_took_their_seats" title="List of members-elect of the United States House of Representatives who never took their seats">Elected but did not serve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_90th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 90th United States Congress">90th (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_91st_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 91st United States Congress">91st (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_92nd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 92nd United States Congress">92nd (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_93rd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 93rd United States Congress">93rd (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_94th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 94th United States Congress">94th (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_95th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 95th United States Congress">95th (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_96th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 96th United States Congress">96th (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_97th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 97th United States Congress">97th (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_98th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 98th United States Congress">98th (1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_99th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 99th United States Congress">99th (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_100th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 100th United States Congress">100th (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_101st_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 101st United States Congress">101st (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_102nd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 102nd United States Congress">102nd (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_103rd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 103rd United States Congress">103rd (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_104th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 104th United States Congress">104th (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_105th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 105th United States Congress">105th (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_106th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 106th United States Congress">106th (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_107th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 107th United States Congress">107th (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_108th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 108th United States Congress">108th (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_109th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 109th United States Congress">109th (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_110th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 110th United States Congress">110th (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_111th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 111th United States Congress">111th (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_112th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 112th United States Congress">112th (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_113th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 113th United States Congress">113th (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_114th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 114th United States Congress">114th (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_115th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 115th United States Congress">115th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_116th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 116th United States Congress">116th (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_117th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 117th United States Congress">117th (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_118th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 118th United States Congress">118th (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Democratic Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus#Chairs" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus#Caucus_secretary" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee Chair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference" title="Senate Republican Conference">Republican Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference#List_of_conference_chairmen_and_chairwomen" title="Senate Republican Conference">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference#List_of_Secretary_and_Vice_Chairman" title="Senate Republican Conference">Vice-Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Republican_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Republican Policy Committee">Policy Committee Chair</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Legal_Advisory_Group" title="Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group">Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Democratic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Republican_Conference" title="House Republican Conference">Republican Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering#United_States" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_caucus" title="Congressional caucus">Congressional caucus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucuses_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Caucuses of the United States Congress">Caucuses of the United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and racial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="African Americans in the United States Congress">African-American members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Black Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_and_Middle_Eastern_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Arab and Middle Eastern Americans in the United States Congress">Arab and Middle Eastern members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Americans_and_Pacific_Islands_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress">Asian Pacific American members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus" title="Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus">Asian Pacific American Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">Hispanic and Latino members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Caucus" title="Congressional Hispanic Caucus">Hispanic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Hispanic Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Jewish members of the United States Congress">Jewish members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Jewish_Caucus" title="Congressional Jewish Caucus">Congressional Jewish Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Native Americans in the United States Congress">Native American members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gender and sexual identity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT members of the United States Congress">LGBT members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Equality_Caucus" title="Congressional Equality Caucus">Equality Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Women in the United States Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Caucus_for_Women%27s_Issues" title="Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues">Issues Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives#Current_female_members" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">current House</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Physicians in the United States Congress">Physicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Buddhist members of the United States Congress">Buddhist members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Hindu members of the United States Congress">Hindu members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Jewish members of the United States Congress">Jewish members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mormon_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Mormon members of the United States Congress">Mormon (LDS) members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Muslim members of the United States Congress">Muslim members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quaker_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Quaker members of the United States Congress">Quaker members</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dalip_Singh_Saund" title="Dalip Singh Saund">Sikh members</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_longest-serving_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of historical longest-serving members of the United States Congress">By length of service historically</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_wealth" title="List of current members of the United States Congress by wealth">Current members by wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_from_multiple_states" title="List of members of the United States Congress from multiple states">From multiple states</a></li> <li>Died in office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1790%E2%80%931899)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)">1790–1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1900%E2%80%931949)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–1949)">1900–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1950%E2%80%931999)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–1999)">1950–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(2000%E2%80%93)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (2000–)">2000–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_killed_or_wounded_in_office" title="List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office">Killed or wounded in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_party_switchers_in_the_United_States" title="List of party switchers in the United States">Party switchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_who_owned_slaves" title="List of members of the United States Congress who owned slaves">Slave owners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Powers,_privileges,_procedure,_committees,_history,_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Powers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" title="Dormant Commerce Clause">(Dormant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Congress" title="Contempt of Congress">Contempt of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war_by_the_United_States" title="Declaration of war by the United States">Declaration of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">Impeachment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment inquiry in the United States">Inquiries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_trial_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment trial in the United States">Trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">Naturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" title="Necessary and Proper Clause">"Necessary and Proper"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_power_of_enforcement" title="Congressional power of enforcement">Power of enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">Taxing/spending</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Privileges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salaries_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Salaries of members of the United States Congress">Salaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franking" title="Franking">Franking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Immunity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_legislation" title="List of United States federal legislation">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriations_bill_(United_States)" title="Appropriations bill (United States)">Appropriation bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_(United_States_Congress)" title="Bill (United States Congress)">Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_budget_process" title="United States budget process">Budget process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_in_the_United_States" title="Censure in the United States">Censure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Closed session of the United States Congress">Closed sessions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_sessions_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Closed sessions of the United States House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_sessions_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Closed sessions of the United States Senate">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">Cloture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_resolution" title="Concurrent resolution">Concurrent resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_resolution" title="Continuing resolution">Continuing resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Colleague_letter_(United_States)" title="Dear Colleague letter (United States)">Dear Colleague letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_petition" title="Discharge petition">Discharge petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrolled_bill" title="Enrolled bill">Enrolled bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_States_Congress" title="Expulsion from the United States Congress">Expulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_resolution" title="Joint resolution">Joint resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">Joint session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_joint_sessions_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of joint sessions of the United States Congress">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lame-duck_session" title="Lame-duck session">Lame-duck session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_minute" title="Magic minute">Magic minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastert_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Hastert Rule">Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_referral" title="Multiple referral">Multiple referral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedures_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Procedures of the United States House of Representatives">House procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorum_call" title="Quorum call">Quorum call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rider_(legislation)" title="Rider (legislation)">Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxbe_fix" title="Saxbe fix">Saxbe fix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(legislative)" title="Sponsor (legislative)">Sponsorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_rules_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Suspension of the rules in the United States Congress">Suspension of the rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unanimous_consent" title="Unanimous consent">Unanimous consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">Veto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line-item_veto" title="Line-item veto">Line-item veto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_veto" title="Pocket veto">Pocket veto</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">Advice and consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_slip_(U.S._Senate)" title="Blue slip (U.S. Senate)">Blue slip (U.S. Senate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_communication" title="Executive communication">Executive communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_session" title="Executive session">Executive session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">Filibuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Manual" title="Jefferson's Manual">Jefferson's <i>Manual</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Journal" title="United States Senate Journal"><i>Senate Journal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_business" title="Morning business">Morning business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_option" title="Nuclear option">Nuclear option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Presiding Officer of the United States Senate">Presiding Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddick%27s_Senate_Procedure" title="Riddick's Senate Procedure">Riddick's Senate Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_hold" title="Senate hold">Senate hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senatorial_courtesy" title="Senatorial courtesy">Senatorial courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">Seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rules_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Standing Rules of the United States Senate">Standing Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States">Tie-breaking votes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Traditions of the United States Senate">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Clause" title="Treaty Clause">Treaty Clause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_committee" title="United States congressional committee">Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranking_member" title="Ranking member">ranking member</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Whole_(United_States_House_of_Representatives)" title="Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives)">Of the Whole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_conference_committee" title="United States congressional conference committee">Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_petition" title="Discharge petition">Discharge petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_hearing" title="United States congressional hearing">Hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markup_(legislation)" title="Markup (legislation)">Markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_oversight" title="Congressional oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_joint_committees" title="List of United States congressional joint committees">List (Joint)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_House_of_Representatives_committees" title="List of United States House of Representatives committees">List (House)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senate_committees" title="List of United States Senate committees">List (Senate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Select_or_special_committee_(United_States_Congress)" title="Select or special committee (United States Congress)">Select and special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_committee_(United_States_Congress)" title="Standing committee (United States Congress)">Standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_subcommittee" title="United States congressional subcommittee">Subcommittees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gavel#United_States_Congress_gavels" title="Gavel">Gavels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mace_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Mace of the United States House of Representatives">Mace of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the United States Senate">Seal of the Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="History of the United States Congress">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="History of the United States House of Representatives">House history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._representative_bibliography_(congressional_memoirs)" title="U.S. representative bibliography (congressional memoirs)">memoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="List of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives elections">speaker elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="History of the United States Senate">Senate history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senate_election_disputes" title="List of United States Senate election disputes">election disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._senator_bibliography_(congressional_memoirs)" title="U.S. senator bibliography (congressional memoirs)">memoirs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall (1789–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall (1790–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Brick_Capitol" title="Old Brick Capitol">Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress"><i>Biographical Directory</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divided_government_in_the_United_States" title="Divided government in the United States">Divided government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_divisions_of_United_States_Congresses" title="Party divisions of United States Congresses">Party divisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Capitol_Complex_(Capitol_Hill)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Complex" title="United States Capitol Complex">Capitol Complex</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative<br />offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_staff" title="Congressional staff">Congressional staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_General_of_the_United_States" title="Comptroller General of the United States">Comptroller General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architect_of_the_Capitol" title="Architect of the Capitol">Architect of the Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Cap. Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Police_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Police Board">Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Guide_Service" title="United States Capitol Guide Service">Cap. Guide Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congr. Budget Office (CBO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Congressional_Workplace_Rights" title="Office of Congressional Workplace Rights">Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Technology_Assessment" title="Office of Technology Assessment">Technology Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Curator of the United States Senate">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Historian of the United States Senate">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Library" title="United States Senate Library">Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Congressional_Ethics" title="Office of Congressional Ethics">Congr. Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Office_of_Emergency_Planning,_Preparedness,_and_Operations" title="United States House of Representatives Office of Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations">Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Office_of_Interparliamentary_Affairs" title="United States House of Representatives Office of Interparliamentary Affairs">Interparliamentary Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Law Revision Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Legislative_Counsel" title="Office of the Legislative Counsel">Legislative Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Library" title="United States House of Representatives Library">Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Secretary of the United States Senate">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Chaplain of the United States Senate">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Curator of the United States Senate">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Historian of the United States Senate">Historian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Librarian" title="United States Senate Librarian">Librarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Page of the United States Senate">Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Parliamentarian of the United States Senate">Parliamentarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Administrative_Officer_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives">Chief Administrative Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Clerk of the United States House of Representatives">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doorkeeper_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives">Doorkeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Floor_Operations" title="Director of Floor Operations">Floor Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_Services_Chief" title="Floor Services Chief">Floor Services Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Historian of the United States House of Representatives">Historian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Page of the United States House of Representatives">Pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Page_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="House Page Board">Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives">Parliamentarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmaster_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives">Postmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives">Reading Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of<br />Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Research Service reports">reports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office" title="United States Copyright Office">Copyright Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Register_of_Copyrights" title="Register of Copyrights">Register of Copyrights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Library_of_Congress" title="Law Library of Congress">Law Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Poet_Laureate" title="United States Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THOMAS" title="THOMAS">THOMAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Building" title="John Adams Building">Adams Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Building" title="Thomas Jefferson Building">Jefferson Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Memorial_Building" title="James Madison Memorial Building">Madison Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Gov.<br />Publishing Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Printer_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Printer of the United States">Public Printer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Pictorial_Directory" title="Congressional Pictorial Directory">Congressional Pictorial Directory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Official_Congressional_Directory" title="Official Congressional Directory">Official Congressional Directory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Manual" title="United States Government Manual">U.S. Gov. Manual</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Serial_Set" title="United States Congressional Serial Set">Serial Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Statutes at Large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol Building</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artwork_at_the_United_States_Capitol_complex" title="List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex">List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_portraits_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_collection_(A-J)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)">List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brumidi_Corridors" title="Brumidi Corridors">Brumidi Corridors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Prayer_Room" title="Congressional Prayer Room">Congressional Prayer Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_crypt" title="United States Capitol crypt">Crypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_dome" title="United States Capitol dome">Dome</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Columns" title="Hall of Columns">Hall of Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">Statuary Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Visitor_Center" title="United States Capitol Visitor Center">Visitor Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(painting)" title="Declaration of Independence (painting)"><i>Declaration of Independence</i> painting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States">Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Democracy" title="Apotheosis of Democracy">Apotheosis of Democracy</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Progress of Civilization Pediment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Reading_of_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_of_President_Lincoln" title="First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln">First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne" title="Surrender of General Burgoyne">Surrender of General Burgoyne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Doors" title="Columbus Doors">Columbus Doors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton">Washington at Princeton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Westward_the_Course_of_Empire_Takes_Its_Way" title="Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way">Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President%27s_Room" title="Vice President's Room">VP's Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Vice_Presidential_Bust_Collection" title="United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection">VP Bust Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_buildings" title="Congressional office buildings">Office<br />buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirksen_Senate_Office_Building" title="Dirksen Senate Office Building">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Senate_Office_Building" title="Hart Senate Office Building">Hart</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_Clouds" title="Mountains and Clouds">Mountains and Clouds</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building" title="Russell Senate Office Building">Russell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Office_Building_Commission" title="House Office Building Commission">Building Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_lottery" title="Congressional office lottery">office lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_House_Office_Building" title="Cannon House Office Building">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_House_Office_Building" title="Ford House Office Building">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longworth_House_Office_Building" title="Longworth House Office Building">Longworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_House_Office_Building" title="O'Neill House Office Building">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayburn_House_Office_Building" title="Rayburn House Office Building">Rayburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Staff_Health_and_Fitness_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Staff Health and Fitness Facility">Health and Fitness Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_Studio_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Recording Studio of the United States House of Representatives">House Recording Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_chamber" title="United States Senate chamber">Senate chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Senate_Chamber" title="Old Senate Chamber">Old Senate Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Supreme_Court_Chamber" title="Old Supreme Court Chamber">Old Supreme Court Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Power_Plant" title="Capitol Power Plant">Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Senate_Page_Residence" title="Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence">Webster Page Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_subway_system" title="United States Capitol subway system">Subway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYFreiheitsstatue2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NYFreiheitsstatue2.jpg/32px-NYFreiheitsstatue2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NYFreiheitsstatue2.jpg/48px-NYFreiheitsstatue2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NYFreiheitsstatue2.jpg/64px-NYFreiheitsstatue2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="506" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a sculpture in the United States is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US-sculpture-stub" title="Template:US-sculpture-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US-sculpture-stub" title="Template talk:US-sculpture-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US-sculpture-stub" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US-sculpture-stub"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&oldid=1226433762">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&oldid=1226433762</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marble_sculptures_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.">Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Outdoor_sculptures_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.">Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Capitol_statues" title="Category:United States Capitol statues">United States Capitol statues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pedimental_sculpture" title="Category:Pedimental sculpture">Pedimental sculpture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sculptures_of_birds_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.">Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sculptures_of_Native_Americans_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.">Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sculptures_of_children_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Sculptures of children in Washington, D.C.">Sculptures of children in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sculptures_of_eagles_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States">Sculptures of eagles in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_sculpture_stubs" title="Category:United States sculpture stubs">United States sculpture stubs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Washington,_D.C.,_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:Washington, D.C., articles missing geocoordinate data">Washington, D.C., articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles" title="Category:All stub articles">All stub articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 May 2024, at 16:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d4f5ddd54-v9r6g","wgBackendResponseTime":168,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.754","walltime":"1.046","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4348,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":290381,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2717,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":65430,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 669.782 1 -total"," 23.06% 154.442 16 Template:Navbox"," 22.55% 151.036 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.09% 134.546 1 Template:Infobox_artwork"," 18.11% 121.275 1 Template:Infobox"," 14.79% 99.087 1 Template:Cite_book"," 13.79% 92.385 1 Template:Thomas_Crawford"," 10.47% 70.112 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.00% 66.978 9 Template:Rp"," 8.79% 58.886 9 Template:R/superscript"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.352","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7488749,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-6bd4c644cc-mqdgp","timestamp":"20241203090218","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Progress of Civilization Pediment","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q104902456","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q104902456","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2020-12-12T02:26:56Z","dateModified":"2024-05-30T16:25:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8f\/Progress_of_Civilization_Sun_%2825787861261%29.jpg","headline":"marble pediment above the entrance to the Senate wing of the United States Capitol building designed by the sculptor Thomas Crawford"}</script> </body> </html>