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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">2,966 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45611041" data-work_id="45611041" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45611041/IMPACT_OF_COVID_19_ON_CONSUMERS_ESSENTIAL_BUYING_BEHAVIOR_AN_INDIAN_PERSPECTIVE">IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON CONSUMERS’ ESSENTIAL BUYING BEHAVIOR – AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45611041" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain social distancing, therefore, reducing the chances of virus spread. Such circumstances are creating a lot of paranoia and fear among the Indian households about managing the supply of essential items to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology: in order to achieve the objectives of this study, an online survey was conducted on the households residing in national capital region of India. For this purpose, a self-structured questionnaire was designed which was further distributed among target respondents by using convenient sampling technique. Out of total 250 responses received, 226 were found fit for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA have been used to analyze the data. Results/findings: The nationwide lockdown changes the purchasing behavior of the customer regarding essential items and their related aspects like price, packaging, labeling, smoothness of product or services and timely delivery etc Practical implications: This study is very important for the marketers as well as researchers to know the changes in purchasing behavior of the customers specifically related to the factors of Essential Supplies, Price, Packaging & Labeling; Stock and Supply Shortage; Smooth Delivery; Digital Support and Product Freshness and Authenticity of the product and services at the time of nationwide lockdown situation. It is very important for the marketers to know the returning of the customers towards their previous pattern that can be the future research direction for the researchers as well as marketers also. Originality: This paper is attempted to examine household buying behavior of essential items to survive in situation of nationwide lockdown.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45611041" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92a689812d321490ed696414eef4bef2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66097725,"asset_id":45611041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66097725/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39122404" href="https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication">IAEME Publication</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39122404" type="text/json">{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45611041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45611041"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45611041, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45611041", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45611041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45611041; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45611041"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45611041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45611041"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45611041; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45611041]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45611041").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45611041").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45611041"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="614926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Buying_Behavior">Consumer Buying Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="614926" type="text/json">{"id":614926,"name":"Consumer Buying Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Buying_Behavior?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3620855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lockdown">lockdown</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3620855" type="text/json">{"id":3620855,"name":"lockdown","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lockdown?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45611041]'), work: {"id":45611041,"title":"IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON CONSUMERS’ ESSENTIAL BUYING BEHAVIOR – AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE","created_at":"2021-03-25T01:26:02.663-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45611041/IMPACT_OF_COVID_19_ON_CONSUMERS_ESSENTIAL_BUYING_BEHAVIOR_AN_INDIAN_PERSPECTIVE?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_45611041","summary":"Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain social distancing, therefore, reducing the chances of virus spread. Such circumstances are creating a lot of paranoia and fear among the Indian households about managing the supply of essential items to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology: in order to achieve the objectives of this study, an online survey was conducted on the households residing in national capital region of India. For this purpose, a self-structured questionnaire was designed which was further distributed among target respondents by using convenient sampling technique. Out of total 250 responses received, 226 were found fit for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA have been used to analyze the data. Results/findings: The nationwide lockdown changes the purchasing behavior of the customer regarding essential items and their related aspects like price, packaging, labeling, smoothness of product or services and timely delivery etc Practical implications: This study is very important for the marketers as well as researchers to know the changes in purchasing behavior of the customers specifically related to the factors of Essential Supplies, Price, Packaging \u0026 Labeling; Stock and Supply Shortage; Smooth Delivery; Digital Support and Product Freshness and Authenticity of the product and services at the time of nationwide lockdown situation. It is very important for the marketers to know the returning of the customers towards their previous pattern that can be the future research direction for the researchers as well as marketers also. Originality: This paper is attempted to examine household buying behavior of essential items to survive in situation of nationwide lockdown.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66097725,"asset_id":45611041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":614926,"name":"Consumer Buying Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Buying_Behavior?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3620855,"name":"lockdown","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lockdown?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3929776,"name":"Essential items","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Essential_items?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45611230" data-work_id="45611230" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45611230/IMPACT_OF_COVID_19_ON_CONSUMERS_ESSENTIAL_BUYING_BEHAVIOR_AN_INDIAN_PERSPECTIVE">IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON CONSUMERS’ ESSENTIAL BUYING BEHAVIOR – AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45611230" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain social distancing, therefore, reducing the chances of virus spread. Such circumstances are creating a lot of paranoia and fear among the Indian households about managing the supply of essential items to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology: in order to achieve the objectives of this study, an online survey was conducted on the households residing in national capital region of India. For this purpose, a self-structured questionnaire was designed which was further distributed among target respondents by using convenient sampling technique. Out of total 250 responses received, 226 were found fit for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA have been used to analyze the data. Results/findings: The nationwide lockdown changes the purchasing behavior of the customer regarding essential items and their related aspects like price, packaging, labeling, smoothness of product or services and timely delivery etc. Practical implications: This study is very important for the marketers as well as researchers to know the changes in purchasing behavior of the customers specifically related to the factors of Essential Supplies, Price, Packaging & Labeling; Stock and Supply Shortage; Smooth Delivery; Digital Support and Product Freshness and Authenticity of the product and services at the time of nationwide lockdown situation. It is very important for the marketers to know the returning of the customers towards their previous pattern that can be the future research direction for the researchers as well as marketers also. Originality: This paper is attempted to examine household buying behavior of essential items to survive in situation of nationwide lockdown.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45611230" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97ffb6d07c36cdea0b7c70d69df78741" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66097963,"asset_id":45611230,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66097963/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39122404" href="https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication">IAEME Publication</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39122404" type="text/json">{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45611230 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45611230"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45611230, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45611230", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45611230 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45611230; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45611230"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45611230 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45611230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45611230; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45611230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45611230").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45611230").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45611230"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="614926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Buying_Behavior">Consumer Buying Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="614926" type="text/json">{"id":614926,"name":"Consumer Buying Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Buying_Behavior?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3620855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lockdown">lockdown</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3620855" type="text/json">{"id":3620855,"name":"lockdown","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lockdown?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45611230]'), work: {"id":45611230,"title":"IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON CONSUMERS’ ESSENTIAL BUYING BEHAVIOR – AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE","created_at":"2021-03-25T02:00:06.316-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45611230/IMPACT_OF_COVID_19_ON_CONSUMERS_ESSENTIAL_BUYING_BEHAVIOR_AN_INDIAN_PERSPECTIVE?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_45611230","summary":"Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain social distancing, therefore, reducing the chances of virus spread. Such circumstances are creating a lot of paranoia and fear among the Indian households about managing the supply of essential items to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology: in order to achieve the objectives of this study, an online survey was conducted on the households residing in national capital region of India. For this purpose, a self-structured questionnaire was designed which was further distributed among target respondents by using convenient sampling technique. Out of total 250 responses received, 226 were found fit for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA have been used to analyze the data. Results/findings: The nationwide lockdown changes the purchasing behavior of the customer regarding essential items and their related aspects like price, packaging, labeling, smoothness of product or services and timely delivery etc. Practical implications: This study is very important for the marketers as well as researchers to know the changes in purchasing behavior of the customers specifically related to the factors of Essential Supplies, Price, Packaging \u0026 Labeling; Stock and Supply Shortage; Smooth Delivery; Digital Support and Product Freshness and Authenticity of the product and services at the time of nationwide lockdown situation. It is very important for the marketers to know the returning of the customers towards their previous pattern that can be the future research direction for the researchers as well as marketers also. Originality: This paper is attempted to examine household buying behavior of essential items to survive in situation of nationwide lockdown.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66097963,"asset_id":45611230,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":614926,"name":"Consumer Buying Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Buying_Behavior?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3620855,"name":"lockdown","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lockdown?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3929776,"name":"Essential items","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Essential_items?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44908843" data-work_id="44908843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44908843/Application_of_telemedicine_and_eHealth_technology_for_clinical_services_in_response_to_COVID_19_pandemic">Application of telemedicine and eHealth technology for clinical services in response to COVID‑19 pandemic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Telemedicine and eHealth refer to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) embedded in software programs with highspeed telecommunications systems for delivery, management, and monitoring of healthcare services.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44908843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Telemedicine and eHealth refer to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) embedded in software programs with highspeed telecommunications systems for delivery, management, and monitoring of healthcare services. Application of telemedicine have become timely while providing great potentials to protect both medical practitioners and patients, as well as limit social mobility of patients contributing to reduce the spread of the virus. This study employs data from the existing literature to describe the application of telemedicine and eHealth as a proactive measure to improve clinical care. Findings from this study present the significance of telemedicine and current applications adopted during the pandemic. More importantly, the findings present practical application of telemedicine and eHealth for clinical services. Also, polices initiated across the world to promote management of COVID-19 are discussed. Respectively, this study suggests that telemedicine and eHealth can be adopted in times of health emergency, as a convenient, safe, scalable, effective, and green method of providing clinical care.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44908843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72e0587df9b34a0aedfd3f7fea7ccfb1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65430220,"asset_id":44908843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65430220/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="894670" href="https://ife.academia.edu/BokoloAnthonyJnr">Bokolo Anthony Jnr.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="894670" type="text/json">{"id":894670,"first_name":"Bokolo","last_name":"Anthony Jnr.","domain_name":"ife","page_name":"BokoloAnthonyJnr","display_name":"Bokolo Anthony Jnr.","profile_url":"https://ife.academia.edu/BokoloAnthonyJnr?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/894670/327859/12636673/s65_bokolo.tonny.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44908843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44908843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44908843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44908843", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44908843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44908843; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44908843"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44908843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44908843"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44908843; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44908843]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44908843").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44908843").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44908843"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23324" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine">Telemedicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23324" type="text/json">{"id":23324,"name":"Telemedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine_Applications_and_e-Health_Systems">Telemedicine Applications and e-Health Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69277" type="text/json">{"id":69277,"name":"Telemedicine Applications and e-Health Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine_Applications_and_e-Health_Systems?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="189859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eHealth_health_informatics_Healthcare_Technology">eHealth, health informatics, Healthcare Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189859" type="text/json">{"id":189859,"name":"eHealth, health informatics, Healthcare Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eHealth_health_informatics_Healthcare_Technology?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="594653" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemics">Pandemics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="594653" type="text/json">{"id":594653,"name":"Pandemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemics?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44908843]'), work: {"id":44908843,"title":"Application of telemedicine and eHealth technology for clinical services in response to COVID‑19 pandemic","created_at":"2021-01-15T02:07:03.575-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44908843/Application_of_telemedicine_and_eHealth_technology_for_clinical_services_in_response_to_COVID_19_pandemic?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_44908843","summary":"Telemedicine and eHealth refer to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) embedded in software programs with highspeed telecommunications systems for delivery, management, and monitoring of healthcare services. Application of telemedicine have become timely while providing great potentials to protect both medical practitioners and patients, as well as limit social mobility of patients contributing to reduce the spread of the virus. This study employs data from the existing literature to describe the application of telemedicine and eHealth as a proactive measure to improve clinical care. Findings from this study present the significance of telemedicine and current applications adopted during the pandemic. More importantly, the findings present practical application of telemedicine and eHealth for clinical services. Also, polices initiated across the world to promote management of COVID-19 are discussed. Respectively, this study suggests that telemedicine and eHealth can be adopted in times of health emergency, as a convenient, safe, scalable, effective, and green method of providing clinical care.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65430220,"asset_id":44908843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":894670,"first_name":"Bokolo","last_name":"Anthony Jnr.","domain_name":"ife","page_name":"BokoloAnthonyJnr","display_name":"Bokolo Anthony Jnr.","profile_url":"https://ife.academia.edu/BokoloAnthonyJnr?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/894670/327859/12636673/s65_bokolo.tonny.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23324,"name":"Telemedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":69277,"name":"Telemedicine Applications and e-Health Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine_Applications_and_e-Health_Systems?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":189859,"name":"eHealth, health informatics, Healthcare Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eHealth_health_informatics_Healthcare_Technology?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":594653,"name":"Pandemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemics?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":1028827,"name":"Pandemic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1151385,"name":"Clinical Laboratory Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Laboratory_Services?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1292979,"name":"Clinical Research and Healthcare Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Research_and_Healthcare_Services?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3557864,"name":"Covid-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3587170,"name":"SARS-CoV2/COVID-19:","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SARS-CoV2_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3588092,"name":"Pandemic Coronavirus COVID19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic_Coronavirus_COVID19?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3594697,"name":"COVID-19 PANDEMIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_PANDEMIC?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49476542" data-work_id="49476542" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49476542/Plastic_Waste_Pollution_Worsen_by_the_COVID_19_Pandemic_Substitutional_Technologies_Transforming_Plastic_Waste_to_Value_Added_Products">Plastic Waste Pollution Worsen by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Substitutional Technologies Transforming Plastic Waste to Value Added Products</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Throughout the world, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic possesses an enormous effect on the plastic waste management because of the unexpected flow of medical waste that has been conducted to a universal waste management... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49476542" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Throughout the world, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic possesses an enormous effect on the plastic waste management because of the unexpected flow of medical waste that has been conducted to a universal waste management calamity. Inappropriate handling of plastic waste could conduct to numerous unwanted effects on nature, animals, and human beings. Nevertheless, following appropriate waste management and the valid techniques, considering in a dissimilar manner of the existing catastrophe would be a chance. Approximately 40% of the plastic waste ended up in landfill, 25% incinerated, 16% recycled and the remaining 19% are discharged into nature. The augmentation of plastic wastes and demand of plastic markets work as a good economic measure for investors and government initiatives to invest in techniques that transform plastic waste into value-added products like fuel and construction materials. This will close the loop of the life cycle of plastic waste via attaining a sustainable circular economy. This short discussion furnishes insight of the state of plastic waste before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The treatment route of plastic waste like sterilization technology, incineration, and substitutional techniques obtainable in transforming plastic waste into value-added products are briefly assessed. More performant, flexible and advanced technologies of dealing with the plastic wastes under dangerous catastrophes ought to be continuously suggested. Every action followed will participate to the importance of such problem since this is a key aim of the community to safe a cleaner and greener nature.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49476542" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a4816bc64122e5593f80c57786ea00c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67819080,"asset_id":49476542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67819080/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8306753" href="https://wwwuoh.academia.edu/DjamelGhernaout">Djamel Ghernaout</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8306753" type="text/json">{"id":8306753,"first_name":"Djamel","last_name":"Ghernaout","domain_name":"wwwuoh","page_name":"DjamelGhernaout","display_name":"Djamel Ghernaout","profile_url":"https://wwwuoh.academia.edu/DjamelGhernaout?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8306753/2836474/41814407/s65_djamel.ghernaout.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49476542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49476542"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49476542, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49476542", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49476542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49476542; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49476542"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49476542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49476542"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49476542; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49476542]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49476542").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49476542").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49476542"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14085" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management">Waste Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14085" type="text/json">{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="722106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_waste">Plastic waste</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="722106" type="text/json">{"id":722106,"name":"Plastic waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_waste?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1272261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Waste">Medical Waste</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1272261" type="text/json">{"id":1272261,"name":"Medical Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Waste?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49476542]'), work: {"id":49476542,"title":"Plastic Waste Pollution Worsen by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Substitutional Technologies Transforming Plastic Waste to Value Added Products","created_at":"2021-06-30T06:52:35.456-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49476542/Plastic_Waste_Pollution_Worsen_by_the_COVID_19_Pandemic_Substitutional_Technologies_Transforming_Plastic_Waste_to_Value_Added_Products?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_49476542","summary":"Throughout the world, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic possesses an enormous effect on the plastic waste management because of the unexpected flow of medical waste that has been conducted to a universal waste management calamity. Inappropriate handling of plastic waste could conduct to numerous unwanted effects on nature, animals, and human beings. Nevertheless, following appropriate waste management and the valid techniques, considering in a dissimilar manner of the existing catastrophe would be a chance. Approximately 40% of the plastic waste ended up in landfill, 25% incinerated, 16% recycled and the remaining 19% are discharged into nature. The augmentation of plastic wastes and demand of plastic markets work as a good economic measure for investors and government initiatives to invest in techniques that transform plastic waste into value-added products like fuel and construction materials. This will close the loop of the life cycle of plastic waste via attaining a sustainable circular economy. This short discussion furnishes insight of the state of plastic waste before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The treatment route of plastic waste like sterilization technology, incineration, and substitutional techniques obtainable in transforming plastic waste into value-added products are briefly assessed. More performant, flexible and advanced technologies of dealing with the plastic wastes under dangerous catastrophes ought to be continuously suggested. Every action followed will participate to the importance of such problem since this is a key aim of the community to safe a cleaner and greener nature.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67819080,"asset_id":49476542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8306753,"first_name":"Djamel","last_name":"Ghernaout","domain_name":"wwwuoh","page_name":"DjamelGhernaout","display_name":"Djamel Ghernaout","profile_url":"https://wwwuoh.academia.edu/DjamelGhernaout?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8306753/2836474/41814407/s65_djamel.ghernaout.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":722106,"name":"Plastic waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_waste?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":1272261,"name":"Medical Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Waste?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":4012190,"name":"Value-Added Product","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Added_Product?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43377751" data-work_id="43377751" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43377751/Drug_Prevention_and_Health_Branch_Division_for_Operations">Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division for Operations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher morbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43377751" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher<br />morbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD)<br />are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to<br />stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services.<br />These conditions put them at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. In this<br />paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster<br />psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to<br />manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43377751" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec85dbdc866b29654841fdd9eb06d4aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63671133,"asset_id":43377751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63671133/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27375445" href="https://iums.academia.edu/BasicandClinicalNeuroscienceJournal">Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27375445" type="text/json">{"id":27375445,"first_name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"BasicandClinicalNeuroscienceJournal","display_name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/BasicandClinicalNeuroscienceJournal?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27375445/7784072/9638593/s65_basic_and_clinical_neuroscience.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43377751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43377751"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43377751, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43377751", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43377751]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43377751").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43377751").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43377751"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy">Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5547" type="text/json">{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42070" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction">Harm Reduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42070" type="text/json">{"id":42070,"name":"Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43377751]'), work: {"id":43377751,"title":"Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division for Operations","created_at":"2020-06-18T10:53:03.622-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43377751/Drug_Prevention_and_Health_Branch_Division_for_Operations?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_43377751","summary":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher\nmorbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD)\nare a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to\nstress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services.\nThese conditions put them at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. In this\npaper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster\npsychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to\nmanage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63671133,"asset_id":43377751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27375445,"first_name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"BasicandClinicalNeuroscienceJournal","display_name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/BasicandClinicalNeuroscienceJournal?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27375445/7784072/9638593/s65_basic_and_clinical_neuroscience.journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":42070,"name":"Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":160940,"name":"Opioid Substitution Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opioid_Substitution_Therapy?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":361527,"name":"Methadone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methadone?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1028827,"name":"Pandemic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1305891,"name":"Coronavirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1501223,"name":"Substance Use Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Use_Disorder?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70358911 coauthored" data-work_id="70358911" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70358911/Factors_Affecting_Access_to_E_Learning_during_the_Coronavirus_Disease_2019_Pandemic_Among_Rural_Based_Pharmacy_Students_in_Zambia_A_Qualitative_Study">Factors Affecting Access to E-Learning during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Among Rural-Based Pharmacy Students in Zambia: A Qualitative Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected the education sector globally. This has resulted in learning institutions adopting e-learning techniques. E-learning implementation in higher education... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70358911" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background<br />The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected the education sector globally. This has resulted in<br />learning institutions adopting e-learning techniques. E-learning implementation in higher education continues to gain prominence in both developed and developing countries. Most universities are exploring different ways of using information and<br />communications technology (ICT). However, ICT remains a challenge more especially for students who come from rural areas.<br />Aim<br />This study was aimed at exploring the factors that affect access to e-learning among rural-based pharmacy students in Zambia.<br />Methods<br />A qualitative case study was conducted among ten (10) purposively sampled pharmacy students at the University of Zambia.<br />The study participants were from the Manying, a district of North-Western Province, the Sinda district of Eastern Province, the<br />Nalolo district of Western Province, the Chipili district of Luapula Province and the Mbala district of Northern Province. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data from the respondents. Data were analyzed using the framework analysis. The<br />sociodemographic characteristics indicate that ten (10) respondents were drawn from Zambia’s five (5) provinces. Six qualitative<br />themes were generated these included devices used for e-learning; the effectiveness of the devices; student performance; internet<br />connectivity; and electrification of the houses. Key findings suggest that the most commonly used device was a smartphone,<br />which posed challenges to effective learner participation in e-learning. Poor internet connectivity, non-electrification of students’<br />houses, electricity outages, and costs-associated with internet use negatively affected students in accessing online learning and<br />could adversely affect their academic activities and performance.<br />Conclusion<br />The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected access to e-learning among rural pharmacy students in Zambia. The implications of the challenges faced by the rural pharmacy students are that their academic activities and performance were negatively<br />affected. Therefore, this posed a threat to the rights to universal access to education of the rural students who were mostly<br />venerable.(ICT). However, ICT remains a challenge more especially for students who come from rural areas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70358911" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a573a8e49894d76c77ee5ad776646e09" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80146483,"asset_id":70358911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80146483/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102727080" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EpidemilogyOpenJournal">Epidemiology – Open Journal (EPOJ)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102727080" type="text/json">{"id":102727080,"first_name":"Epidemiology","last_name":"– Open Journal (EPOJ)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EpidemilogyOpenJournal","display_name":"Epidemiology – Open Journal (EPOJ)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EpidemilogyOpenJournal?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102727080/22740793/92840991/s65_epidemiology.open_journal.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-70358911">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-70358911"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CHRISTABELHIKAAMBO">CHRISTABEL N A N G ' A N D U HIKAAMBO</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unza-zm.academia.edu/StewardMudenda">Steward Mudenda, PhD</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unza-zm.academia.edu/EnalaZulu">ENALA S H A R O N LUFUNGULO</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-70358911'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-70358911').html(); 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This has resulted in\nlearning institutions adopting e-learning techniques. E-learning implementation in higher education continues to gain prominence in both developed and developing countries. Most universities are exploring different ways of using information and\ncommunications technology (ICT). However, ICT remains a challenge more especially for students who come from rural areas.\nAim\nThis study was aimed at exploring the factors that affect access to e-learning among rural-based pharmacy students in Zambia.\nMethods\nA qualitative case study was conducted among ten (10) purposively sampled pharmacy students at the University of Zambia.\nThe study participants were from the Manying, a district of North-Western Province, the Sinda district of Eastern Province, the\nNalolo district of Western Province, the Chipili district of Luapula Province and the Mbala district of Northern Province. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data from the respondents. Data were analyzed using the framework analysis. The\nsociodemographic characteristics indicate that ten (10) respondents were drawn from Zambia’s five (5) provinces. Six qualitative\nthemes were generated these included devices used for e-learning; the effectiveness of the devices; student performance; internet\nconnectivity; and electrification of the houses. Key findings suggest that the most commonly used device was a smartphone,\nwhich posed challenges to effective learner participation in e-learning. Poor internet connectivity, non-electrification of students’\nhouses, electricity outages, and costs-associated with internet use negatively affected students in accessing online learning and\ncould adversely affect their academic activities and performance.\nConclusion\nThe COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected access to e-learning among rural pharmacy students in Zambia. The implications of the challenges faced by the rural pharmacy students are that their academic activities and performance were negatively\naffected. Therefore, this posed a threat to the rights to universal access to education of the rural students who were mostly\nvenerable.(ICT). However, ICT remains a challenge more especially for students who come from rural areas.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80146483,"asset_id":70358911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102727080,"first_name":"Epidemiology","last_name":"– Open Journal (EPOJ)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EpidemilogyOpenJournal","display_name":"Epidemiology – Open Journal (EPOJ)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EpidemilogyOpenJournal?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102727080/22740793/92840991/s65_epidemiology.open_journal.png"},{"id":114011717,"first_name":"CHRISTABEL","last_name":"HIKAAMBO","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CHRISTABELHIKAAMBO","display_name":"CHRISTABEL N A N G ' A N D U HIKAAMBO","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CHRISTABELHIKAAMBO?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114011717/72638622/61106936/s65_christabel.hikaambo.jpeg"},{"id":23385509,"first_name":"Steward","last_name":"Mudenda, PhD","domain_name":"unza-zm","page_name":"StewardMudenda","display_name":"Steward Mudenda, PhD","profile_url":"https://unza-zm.academia.edu/StewardMudenda?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23385509/6346858/39760806/s65_steward.mudenda.jpg"},{"id":55884670,"first_name":"ENALA","last_name":"LUFUNGULO","domain_name":"unza-zm","page_name":"EnalaZulu","display_name":"ENALA S H A R O N LUFUNGULO","profile_url":"https://unza-zm.academia.edu/EnalaZulu?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55884670/17889502/17907647/s65_enala.zulu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":1000,"name":"Instructional 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71675811/Ethical_Challenges_to_Respecting_and_Meeting_Patients_Requests_Lessons_from_Providing_Palliative_Care_for_Coronavirus_Disease_2019_Patients">Ethical Challenges to Respecting and Meeting Patients’ Requests: Lessons from Providing Palliative Care for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The World Health Organization (WHO) defines palliative care as: “an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71675811" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The World Health Organization (WHO) defines palliative care<br />as: “an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their<br />families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual.” Thus, palliative care is associated with chronic, serious illnesses. However, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease presenting acutely with acute symptoms but requiring the level of care, even in an urgent manner that patients with chronic serious illnesses that are normally associated with palliative care require. Palliative care clinicians are uniquely equipped<br />to address the suffering of COVID-19, especially where the health<br />system is significantly strained. This is accomplished through<br />high-level communication and symptom management skills and<br />a transdisciplinary approach to address physical, emotional, and<br />existential suffering.  It is within the ability and the ethical duty of<br />palliative care to relieve suffering, physical pain and other symptoms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71675811" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ab4bc56defe581a3f282f24167f642e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80920113,"asset_id":71675811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80920113/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="79153460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PMHCOJ">Palliative Medicine and Hospice Care – Open Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="79153460" type="text/json">{"id":79153460,"first_name":"Palliative Medicine and Hospice Care","last_name":"– Open Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PMHCOJ","display_name":"Palliative Medicine and Hospice Care – Open Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PMHCOJ?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79153460/19352928/103758067/s65_palliative_medicine_and_hospice_care.-_open_journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71675811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71675811"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71675811, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71675811", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71675811]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71675811").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71675811").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71675811"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care">Palliative Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4482" type="text/json">{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10956" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meetings">Meetings</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10956" type="text/json">{"id":10956,"name":"Meetings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meetings?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="222261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patients">Patients</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="222261" type="text/json">{"id":222261,"name":"Patients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patients?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1308561" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Challenges">Ethical Challenges</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1308561" type="text/json">{"id":1308561,"name":"Ethical Challenges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Challenges?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71675811]'), work: {"id":71675811,"title":"Ethical Challenges to Respecting and Meeting Patients’ Requests: Lessons from Providing Palliative Care for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients","created_at":"2022-02-16T03:06:01.926-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71675811/Ethical_Challenges_to_Respecting_and_Meeting_Patients_Requests_Lessons_from_Providing_Palliative_Care_for_Coronavirus_Disease_2019_Patients?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_71675811","summary":"The World Health Organization (WHO) defines palliative care\nas: “an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their\nfamilies facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual.” Thus, palliative care is associated with chronic, serious illnesses. However, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease presenting acutely with acute symptoms but requiring the level of care, even in an urgent manner that patients with chronic serious illnesses that are normally associated with palliative care require. Palliative care clinicians are uniquely equipped\nto address the suffering of COVID-19, especially where the health\nsystem is significantly strained. This is accomplished through\nhigh-level communication and symptom management skills and\na transdisciplinary approach to address physical, emotional, and\nexistential suffering. It is within the ability and the ethical duty of\npalliative care to relieve suffering, physical pain and other symptoms.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80920113,"asset_id":71675811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":79153460,"first_name":"Palliative Medicine and Hospice Care","last_name":"– Open Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PMHCOJ","display_name":"Palliative Medicine and Hospice Care – Open Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PMHCOJ?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79153460/19352928/103758067/s65_palliative_medicine_and_hospice_care.-_open_journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":10956,"name":"Meetings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meetings?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":222261,"name":"Patients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patients?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":1308561,"name":"Ethical Challenges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Challenges?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45532353 coauthored" data-work_id="45532353" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45532353/Early_stage_risk_communication_and_community_engagement_RCCE_strategies_and_measures_against_the_coronavirus_disease_2019_COVID_19_pandemic_crisis">Early stage risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies and measures against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic crisis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has proven to be tenacious and shows that the global community is still poorly prepared to handling such emerging pandemics. Enhancing global solidarity in emergency preparedness and response,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45532353" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has proven to be tenacious and shows that the global community is still poorly prepared to handling such emerging pandemics. Enhancing global solidarity in emergency preparedness and response, and the mobilization of conscience and cooperation, can serve as an excellent source of ideas and measures in a timely manner. The article provides an overview of the key components of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies at the early stages in vulnerable nations and populations, and highlight contextual recommendations for strengthening coordinated and sustainable RCCE preventive and emergency response strategies against COVID-19 pandemic. Global solidarity calls for firming governance, abundant community participation and enough trust to boost early pandemic preparedness and response. Promoting public RCCE response interventions needs crucially improving government health systems and security proac-tiveness, community to individual confinement, trust and resilience solutions. To better understand population risk and vulnerability, as well as COVID-19 transmission dynamics, it is important to build intelligent systems for monitoring isolation/quarantine and tracking by use of artificial intelligence and machine learning systems algorithms. Experiences and lessons learned from the international community is crucial for emerging pandemics prevention and control programs, especially in promoting evidence-based decision-making, integrating data and models to inform effective and sustainable RCCE strategies, such as local and global safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines and mass immunization programs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45532353" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b0368d48e68c38be47c01718219a93b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66015866,"asset_id":45532353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66015866/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14273082" href="https://wits.academia.edu/TamboErnest">Tambo Ernest</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14273082" type="text/json">{"id":14273082,"first_name":"Tambo","last_name":"Ernest","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"TamboErnest","display_name":"Tambo Ernest","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/TamboErnest?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14273082/4424608/19074576/s65_tambo.ernest.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45532353">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45532353"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GildasBorisTazemdaKuitsouc">Gildas Boris Tazemda Kuitsouc</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichealFFotsing">Micheal F Fotsing</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45532353'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45532353').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45532353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45532353"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45532353; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45532353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45532353").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45532353").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45532353"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust">Trust</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3043" type="text/json">{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance">Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5167" type="text/json">{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15578" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response">Response</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15578" type="text/json">{"id":15578,"name":"Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45532353]'), work: {"id":45532353,"title":"Early stage risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies and measures against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic crisis","created_at":"2021-03-15T04:16:02.391-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45532353/Early_stage_risk_communication_and_community_engagement_RCCE_strategies_and_measures_against_the_coronavirus_disease_2019_COVID_19_pandemic_crisis?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_45532353","summary":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has proven to be tenacious and shows that the global community is still poorly prepared to handling such emerging pandemics. Enhancing global solidarity in emergency preparedness and response, and the mobilization of conscience and cooperation, can serve as an excellent source of ideas and measures in a timely manner. The article provides an overview of the key components of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies at the early stages in vulnerable nations and populations, and highlight contextual recommendations for strengthening coordinated and sustainable RCCE preventive and emergency response strategies against COVID-19 pandemic. Global solidarity calls for firming governance, abundant community participation and enough trust to boost early pandemic preparedness and response. Promoting public RCCE response interventions needs crucially improving government health systems and security proac-tiveness, community to individual confinement, trust and resilience solutions. To better understand population risk and vulnerability, as well as COVID-19 transmission dynamics, it is important to build intelligent systems for monitoring isolation/quarantine and tracking by use of artificial intelligence and machine learning systems algorithms. Experiences and lessons learned from the international community is crucial for emerging pandemics prevention and control programs, especially in promoting evidence-based decision-making, integrating data and models to inform effective and sustainable RCCE strategies, such as local and global safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines and mass immunization programs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66015866,"asset_id":45532353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14273082,"first_name":"Tambo","last_name":"Ernest","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"TamboErnest","display_name":"Tambo Ernest","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/TamboErnest?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14273082/4424608/19074576/s65_tambo.ernest.jpg"},{"id":114386118,"first_name":"Gildas Boris","last_name":"Tazemda Kuitsouc","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GildasBorisTazemdaKuitsouc","display_name":"Gildas Boris Tazemda Kuitsouc","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GildasBorisTazemdaKuitsouc?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114386118/27520245/25858792/s65_gildas_boris.tazemda_kuitsouc.jpg"},{"id":188968247,"first_name":"Micheal F","last_name":"Fotsing","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichealFFotsing","display_name":"Micheal F Fotsing","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichealFFotsing?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/188968247/144108426/133628770/s65_micheal_f.fotsing.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":15578,"name":"Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1028827,"name":"Pandemic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43814914 coauthored" data-work_id="43814914" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43814914/Outcomes_of_COVID_19_in_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_Region_in_the_first_four_months_of_the_pandemic_A_scoping_review_and_meta_analysis">Outcomes of COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in the first four months of the pandemic: A scoping review and meta-analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: This scoping review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) in the first four months of the pandemic. Methods: A meta-analysis... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43814914" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: This scoping review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) in the first four months of the pandemic. <br />Methods: A meta-analysis approach was used in this context. We used the aggregate data from the WHO Regional Office for the EMRO (until 26 May 2020) to generate this report. <br />Results: An analysis of official data from all twenty-two countries and territories in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Central Asia K=22 (a total of 438,717 cases) was performed. The total number of cases, recovered cases, and deaths in the EMR were 438,717و 228,986, and 11,290, respectively. Meta-analytic pooling of the point estimates of recovery rate per country in the EMR was 52.5% [95% CI 52.3% – 52.6%]. The lowest recovery rates were in Somalia (4.3%), and the highest rates were in Tunisia (87.4%). Meta-analytic pooling of the point estimates of death rate per country in the EMR yielded 3.85% [95% CI 3.80% – 3.90%]. Meta-analytic pooling of the point estimates of recovery rate per country in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries was 46.1% [95% CI 45.8% – 46.3%]. Meta-analytic pooling of the point estimates of death rate per country in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries was 0.60% [95% CI 0.50% – 0.65%].<br />Conclusion: Wide variability was found between EMR countries in recovery and mortality, implying the possible impact of resource availability, and genetic and environmental factors on the morality and recovery of the COVID-19.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43814914" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f84c9669e5290a15d8d71cc61dcb1ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64234959,"asset_id":43814914,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64234959/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7638438" href="https://king-saud.academia.edu/BaHammamacademiaedu">Ahmed S BaHammam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7638438" type="text/json">{"id":7638438,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"BaHammam","domain_name":"king-saud","page_name":"BaHammamacademiaedu","display_name":"Ahmed S BaHammam","profile_url":"https://king-saud.academia.edu/BaHammamacademiaedu?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7638438/2866088/18972329/s65_ahmed.bahammam.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43814914">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43814914"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RonniMolJoji">Ronni Mol Joji</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43814914'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43814914').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43814914 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43814914"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43814914; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43814914]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43814914").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43814914").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43814914"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2016" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa">Middle East & North Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2016" type="text/json">{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta-Analysis_and_Systematic_Review">Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6482" type="text/json">{"id":6482,"name":"Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta-Analysis_and_Systematic_Review?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43814914]'), work: {"id":43814914,"title":"Outcomes of COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in the first four months of the pandemic: A scoping review and meta-analysis","created_at":"2020-08-09T06:35:50.313-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43814914/Outcomes_of_COVID_19_in_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_Region_in_the_first_four_months_of_the_pandemic_A_scoping_review_and_meta_analysis?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_43814914","summary":"Objective: This scoping review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) in the first four months of the pandemic. \nMethods: A meta-analysis approach was used in this context. We used the aggregate data from the WHO Regional Office for the EMRO (until 26 May 2020) to generate this report. \nResults: An analysis of official data from all twenty-two countries and territories in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Central Asia K=22 (a total of 438,717 cases) was performed. The total number of cases, recovered cases, and deaths in the EMR were 438,717و 228,986, and 11,290, respectively. Meta-analytic pooling of the point estimates of recovery rate per country in the EMR was 52.5% [95% CI 52.3% – 52.6%]. The lowest recovery rates were in Somalia (4.3%), and the highest rates were in Tunisia (87.4%). Meta-analytic pooling of the point estimates of death rate per country in the EMR yielded 3.85% [95% CI 3.80% – 3.90%]. Meta-analytic pooling of the point estimates of recovery rate per country in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries was 46.1% [95% CI 45.8% – 46.3%]. Meta-analytic pooling of the point estimates of death rate per country in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries was 0.60% [95% CI 0.50% – 0.65%].\nConclusion: Wide variability was found between EMR countries in recovery and mortality, implying the possible impact of resource availability, and genetic and environmental factors on the morality and recovery of the COVID-19. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64234959,"asset_id":43814914,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7638438,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"BaHammam","domain_name":"king-saud","page_name":"BaHammamacademiaedu","display_name":"Ahmed S BaHammam","profile_url":"https://king-saud.academia.edu/BaHammamacademiaedu?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7638438/2866088/18972329/s65_ahmed.bahammam.jpg"},{"id":166798547,"first_name":"Ronni Mol","last_name":"Joji","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonniMolJoji","display_name":"Ronni Mol Joji","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonniMolJoji?f_ri=3686510","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":6482,"name":"Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta-Analysis_and_Systematic_Review?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":24377,"name":"Mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortality?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":59129,"name":"Gulf Cooperation Council","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Cooperation_Council?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":121291,"name":"Recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recovery?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":521881,"name":"World Health Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organization?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":594653,"name":"Pandemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemics?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3589783,"name":"SARS-CoV-2","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SARS-CoV-2?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3594697,"name":"COVID-19 PANDEMIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_PANDEMIC?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3734139,"name":"Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Mediterranean_Region_WHO_?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69079449" data-work_id="69079449" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69079449/Simulation_of_the_Epidemiological_Map_of_Covid_19_based_on_Ising_Model_by_using_Statistical_Physics">Simulation of the Epidemiological Map of Covid-19 based on Ising Model by using Statistical Physics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many types of research on Covid-19 have been recently carried out to investigate its spread and the ways of its prevention. COVID-19 spreads from one to one during little droplets that a one with Covid-19 secretes from his snout or his... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69079449" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many types of research on Covid-19 have been recently carried out to investigate its spread and the ways of its prevention. COVID-19 spreads from one to one during little droplets that a one with Covid-19 secretes from his snout or his maw when he sneezes, speaks, or coughs.<br /><br />For containment of the disease spread, the model in statistical physics, Ising model on (100 x100) square lattices, with the external magnetic field at temperatures very low and temperature very high (kBT=J = 2.0,99.0) infinite times equal to (1-hour, 12 hour, 24hour, and one week). Random-field Ising magnet was used, every node of the square lattice carries a random-field Ising magnetic field ±h which is randomly up. Our Simulation in this work is based on the normal Ising model, where, the external magnetic field in the Ising model is presented by the carrier medium, the temperature is represented by the room temperature, the number of nodes in the lattice size is presented by the persons (infected and noninfected) and the spinup represented to non-infected person who COVID-19 free or spin-down presented to an infected person who has covid-19.<br /><br />The extension conclusion for energy goes to up nodes as covid-19 free and down-spins had COVID-19<br /><br />At lower temperature (2.0K) with a lower external magnetic field (0.10), there are many pictures, distinguish between developing and non-developing areas, but for a lower temperature (2.0K) with a higher external magnetic field (0.90), more pictures, distinguish between developing and developing areas. With higher temperature (99.0K) and higher external magnetic field, we can't notice growing domains, which tells us if the population, with COVID-19 or not, Implementation of preventive measures (wearing a mask, maintaining safe distances between people), the spread of the disease is controlled.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69079449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="15706e077c082626655972a68df337fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79314907,"asset_id":69079449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79314907/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44203063" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalIJRAP">International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44203063" type="text/json">{"id":44203063,"first_name":"International Journal of Recent advances in Physics","last_name":"(IJRAP)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalIJRAP","display_name":"International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalIJRAP?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44203063/11777797/18798230/s65_international_journal_of_recent_advances_in_physics._ijrap_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69079449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69079449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69079449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69079449", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69079449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69079449").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69079449").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69079449"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation">Monte Carlo Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4392" type="text/json">{"id":4392,"name":"Monte Carlo Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent_Based_Simulation">Agent Based Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5337" type="text/json">{"id":5337,"name":"Agent Based Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent_Based_Simulation?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8028" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myths_and_Symbols_as_carriers_of_unconscious_content">Myths and Symbols as carriers of unconscious content</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8028" type="text/json">{"id":8028,"name":"Myths and Symbols as carriers of unconscious content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myths_and_Symbols_as_carriers_of_unconscious_content?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11820" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Simulation">Modeling and Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11820" type="text/json">{"id":11820,"name":"Modeling and Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Simulation?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69079449]'), work: {"id":69079449,"title":"Simulation of the Epidemiological Map of Covid-19 based on Ising Model by using Statistical Physics","created_at":"2022-01-21T19:50:56.183-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69079449/Simulation_of_the_Epidemiological_Map_of_Covid_19_based_on_Ising_Model_by_using_Statistical_Physics?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_69079449","summary":"Many types of research on Covid-19 have been recently carried out to investigate its spread and the ways of its prevention. COVID-19 spreads from one to one during little droplets that a one with Covid-19 secretes from his snout or his maw when he sneezes, speaks, or coughs.\n\nFor containment of the disease spread, the model in statistical physics, Ising model on (100 x100) square lattices, with the external magnetic field at temperatures very low and temperature very high (kBT=J = 2.0,99.0) infinite times equal to (1-hour, 12 hour, 24hour, and one week). Random-field Ising magnet was used, every node of the square lattice carries a random-field Ising magnetic field ±h which is randomly up. Our Simulation in this work is based on the normal Ising model, where, the external magnetic field in the Ising model is presented by the carrier medium, the temperature is represented by the room temperature, the number of nodes in the lattice size is presented by the persons (infected and noninfected) and the spinup represented to non-infected person who COVID-19 free or spin-down presented to an infected person who has covid-19.\n\nThe extension conclusion for energy goes to up nodes as covid-19 free and down-spins had COVID-19\n\nAt lower temperature (2.0K) with a lower external magnetic field (0.10), there are many pictures, distinguish between developing and non-developing areas, but for a lower temperature (2.0K) with a higher external magnetic field (0.90), more pictures, distinguish between developing and developing areas. With higher temperature (99.0K) and higher external magnetic field, we can't notice growing domains, which tells us if the population, with COVID-19 or not, Implementation of preventive measures (wearing a mask, maintaining safe distances between people), the spread of the disease is controlled.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79314907,"asset_id":69079449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44203063,"first_name":"International Journal of Recent advances in Physics","last_name":"(IJRAP)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalIJRAP","display_name":"International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalIJRAP?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44203063/11777797/18798230/s65_international_journal_of_recent_advances_in_physics._ijrap_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4392,"name":"Monte Carlo Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":5337,"name":"Agent Based Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent_Based_Simulation?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":8028,"name":"Myths and Symbols as carriers of unconscious content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myths_and_Symbols_as_carriers_of_unconscious_content?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":11820,"name":"Modeling and Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Simulation?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":114617,"name":"Ising models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ising_models?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":114618,"name":"Ising Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ising_Model?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":277625,"name":"Epidemiological Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiological_Study?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":554376,"name":"Finite Element Simulations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Simulations?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":848110,"name":"CFD simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CFD_simulation?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1003115,"name":"FEM Modelling and Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FEM_Modelling_and_Numerical_Simulation?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1032494,"name":"Carrier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carrier?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1853633,"name":"EFT Ising Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EFT_Ising_Model?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":2010068,"name":"Random Field Ising Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Random_Field_Ising_Model?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3557864,"name":"Covid-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3594697,"name":"COVID-19 PANDEMIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_PANDEMIC?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3602380,"name":"Economic effects of COVID-19 ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_effects_of_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61090527" data-work_id="61090527" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61090527/COVID_19_ACE_2_Receptor_TMPRSS2_Cathepsin_L_B_and_CD_147_Receptor">COVID-19: ACE-2 Receptor, TMPRSS2, Cathepsin-L/B and CD-147 Receptor</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">COVID-19 shows an extremely rapid spreading pattern, classified as SARS-CoV-2, has become a worldwide health problem. Relating to biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the new viral agent was comprehensively summarized in order to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61090527" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">COVID-19 shows an extremely rapid spreading pattern, classified as SARS-CoV-2, has become a<br />worldwide health problem. Relating to biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the new viral agent<br />was comprehensively summarized in order to optimize the date research on this novel disease and<br />make adequate therapeutic decisions. The structure of COVID-19 virus is partially similar to SARSCoV and MERS-CoV and to date, the origin is not clearly ruled out in detail. COVID-19 in general<br />shows, without any adequate measurement, an exponential reproductive rate, an incubation of nearly<br />14 days. The clinical appearance and the pandemic spread of COVID-19 were very similar to earlier<br />SARS epidemics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61090527" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68a263fa84c6d59fd3a096e6db9e91e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74254574,"asset_id":61090527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74254574/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="206903264" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine">Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="206903264" type="text/json">{"id":206903264,"first_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and","last_name":"Medicine","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine","display_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206903264/67217006/55581498/s65_journal_of_regenerative_biology_and.medicine.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61090527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61090527"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61090527, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61090527", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61090527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61090527; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61090527"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61090527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61090527"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61090527; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61090527]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61090527").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61090527").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61090527"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="372509" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMPRSS2">TMPRSS2</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="372509" type="text/json">{"id":372509,"name":"TMPRSS2","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMPRSS2?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3557864" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19">Covid-19</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3557864" type="text/json">{"id":3557864,"name":"Covid-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61090527]'), work: {"id":61090527,"title":"COVID-19: ACE-2 Receptor, TMPRSS2, Cathepsin-L/B and CD-147 Receptor","created_at":"2021-11-06T01:37:31.635-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61090527/COVID_19_ACE_2_Receptor_TMPRSS2_Cathepsin_L_B_and_CD_147_Receptor?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_61090527","summary":"COVID-19 shows an extremely rapid spreading pattern, classified as SARS-CoV-2, has become a\nworldwide health problem. Relating to biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the new viral agent\nwas comprehensively summarized in order to optimize the date research on this novel disease and\nmake adequate therapeutic decisions. The structure of COVID-19 virus is partially similar to SARSCoV and MERS-CoV and to date, the origin is not clearly ruled out in detail. COVID-19 in general\nshows, without any adequate measurement, an exponential reproductive rate, an incubation of nearly\n14 days. The clinical appearance and the pandemic spread of COVID-19 were very similar to earlier\nSARS epidemics. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74254574,"asset_id":61090527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":206903264,"first_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and","last_name":"Medicine","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine","display_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206903264/67217006/55581498/s65_journal_of_regenerative_biology_and.medicine.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":372509,"name":"TMPRSS2","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMPRSS2?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3557864,"name":"Covid-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61089006" data-work_id="61089006" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61089006/COVID_19_Expression_of_ACE2_receptors_in_the_Brain_Suggest_Neurotropic_Damage">COVID-19: Expression of ACE2-receptors in the Brain Suggest Neurotropic Damage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">COVID-19 is a severe coronavirus disease spreading all over the world. To date of this publication, 2.501.156 people were infected with COVID-19, and 171.810 deaths were found in 185 countries (John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61089006" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">COVID-19 is a severe coronavirus disease spreading all over the world. To date of this<br />publication, 2.501.156 people were infected with COVID-19, and 171.810 deaths were found<br />in 185 countries (John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, date 21 april 2020). This<br />overwhelming death rate makes intensive research activities necessary all over the world. To<br />date, the US will be slayed by the number of deaths per day, suggesting an uncontrollable<br />state of spreading infection. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin II receptor on various<br />tissues in the human body, especially in the oral cavity and tongue. SARS-CoV-2 requires the<br />cheerful TMPRSS2 to pro-activate for this sluggishness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61089006" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e8b5af240825b382dd63e273d7b2f1f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74253677,"asset_id":61089006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74253677/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="206903264" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine">Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="206903264" type="text/json">{"id":206903264,"first_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and","last_name":"Medicine","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine","display_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206903264/67217006/55581498/s65_journal_of_regenerative_biology_and.medicine.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61089006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61089006"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61089006, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61089006", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61089006]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61089006").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61089006").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61089006"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4600" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Structure_Prediction">Protein Structure Prediction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4600" type="text/json">{"id":4600,"name":"Protein Structure Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Structure_Prediction?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="111112" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="111112" type="text/json">{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3567366" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19">Coronavirus COVID-19</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3567366" type="text/json">{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61089006]'), work: {"id":61089006,"title":"COVID-19: Expression of ACE2-receptors in the Brain Suggest Neurotropic Damage","created_at":"2021-11-06T01:12:53.609-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61089006/COVID_19_Expression_of_ACE2_receptors_in_the_Brain_Suggest_Neurotropic_Damage?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_61089006","summary":"COVID-19 is a severe coronavirus disease spreading all over the world. To date of this\npublication, 2.501.156 people were infected with COVID-19, and 171.810 deaths were found\nin 185 countries (John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, date 21 april 2020). This\noverwhelming death rate makes intensive research activities necessary all over the world. To\ndate, the US will be slayed by the number of deaths per day, suggesting an uncontrollable\nstate of spreading infection. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin II receptor on various\ntissues in the human body, especially in the oral cavity and tongue. SARS-CoV-2 requires the\ncheerful TMPRSS2 to pro-activate for this sluggishness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74253677,"asset_id":61089006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":206903264,"first_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and","last_name":"Medicine","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine","display_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206903264/67217006/55581498/s65_journal_of_regenerative_biology_and.medicine.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4600,"name":"Protein Structure Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Structure_Prediction?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43553270 coauthored" data-work_id="43553270" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43553270/In_the_Early_Stages_of_Coronavirus_Disease_2019_What_It_is_What_Precautions_to_Take_and_Why_Social_Distancing_is_Necessary">In the Early Stages of Coronavirus Disease-2019: What It is, What Precautions to Take, and Why Social Distancing is Necessary</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In December 2019, a previously unknown pathogen emerged in the city of Wuhan in central China. A novel pneumonia was caused, and on December 31, 2019, the outbreak of “pneumonia of an unknown cause” was reported to the World Health... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43553270" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In December 2019, a previously unknown pathogen emerged in<br />the city of Wuhan in central China. A novel pneumonia was<br />caused, and on December 31, 2019, the outbreak of “pneumonia<br />of an unknown cause” was reported to the World Health<br />Organization (WHO).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43553270" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9234e79f1caa045ef3760e59083cc43b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63862311,"asset_id":43553270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63862311/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="79153127" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OJPH">Public Health – Open Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="79153127" type="text/json">{"id":79153127,"first_name":"Public Health","last_name":"– Open Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OJPH","display_name":"Public Health – Open Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OJPH?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79153127/19352883/103751568/s65_public_health.-_open_journal.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43553270">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43553270"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaimaHuq">Saima Huq</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43553270'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43553270').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43553270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43553270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43553270; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43553270]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43553270").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43553270").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43553270"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="436436" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Distancing">Social Distancing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="436436" type="text/json">{"id":436436,"name":"Social Distancing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Distancing?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1113654" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precautions">Precautions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1113654" type="text/json">{"id":1113654,"name":"Precautions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precautions?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43553270]'), work: {"id":43553270,"title":"In the Early Stages of Coronavirus Disease-2019: What It is, What Precautions to Take, and Why Social Distancing is Necessary","created_at":"2020-07-08T03:39:54.481-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43553270/In_the_Early_Stages_of_Coronavirus_Disease_2019_What_It_is_What_Precautions_to_Take_and_Why_Social_Distancing_is_Necessary?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_43553270","summary":"In December 2019, a previously unknown pathogen emerged in\nthe city of Wuhan in central China. A novel pneumonia was\ncaused, and on December 31, 2019, the outbreak of “pneumonia\nof an unknown cause” was reported to the World Health\nOrganization (WHO).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63862311,"asset_id":43553270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":79153127,"first_name":"Public Health","last_name":"– Open Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OJPH","display_name":"Public Health – Open Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OJPH?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79153127/19352883/103751568/s65_public_health.-_open_journal.png"},{"id":163806865,"first_name":"Saima","last_name":"Huq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SaimaHuq","display_name":"Saima Huq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaimaHuq?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/451aba37439874f98786ecba3bafef95?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":436436,"name":"Social Distancing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Distancing?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":1113654,"name":"Precautions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precautions?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77275809" data-work_id="77275809" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77275809/Mitchell_A_E_P_Galli_F_Keyworth_C_Vegni_E_and_Salas_E_2022_Editorial_Coronavirus_Disease_COVID_19_The_Mental_Health_Resilience_and_Communication_Resources_for_the_Short_and_Long_term_Challenges_Faced_by_Healthcare_Workers">Mitchell, A. E. P., Galli, F., Keyworth, C., Vegni, E., & Salas, E. (2022). Editorial: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): The Mental Health, Resilience, and Communication Resources for the Short- and Long-term Challenges Faced by Healthcare Workers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world initially focused on measures to suppress COVID-19 transmission and protect their populations by developing vaccines and drug treatments for the most vulnerable and a host of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77275809" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world initially focused on measures to suppress COVID-19 transmission and protect their populations by developing vaccines and drug treatments for the most vulnerable and a host of social actions, including implementing social distancing, working from home, travel restrictions, lockdowns, and face coverings. Nearly 2 years after the initial outbreak, at the time of writing this editorial, and through research conducted as part of this Research Topic, it is clear that the mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers (HCW) are significant. There is an urgent need to understand and address these impacts (Greenberg et al., 2020). This is particularly true given the World Health Organisation has outlined a series of mental health and psychosocial considerations aimed explicitly at HCWs (World Health Organisation, 2020). The present Research Topic on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and HCWs has added to the scientific knowledge in several main areas, including barriers and enablers to healthcare delivery, understanding HCWs' mental health and well-being, resilience, coordination and communication within the workforce, and specific interventions to promote mental health and well-being.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77275809" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4526864" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrAndrewEPMitchell">Andrew E . P . Mitchell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4526864" type="text/json">{"id":4526864,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Mitchell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrAndrewEPMitchell","display_name":"Andrew E . P . 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E. P., Galli, F., Keyworth, C., Vegni, E., \u0026 Salas, E. (2022). Editorial: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): The Mental Health, Resilience, and Communication Resources for the Short- and Long-term Challenges Faced by Healthcare Workers","created_at":"2022-04-22T07:16:34.037-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77275809/Mitchell_A_E_P_Galli_F_Keyworth_C_Vegni_E_and_Salas_E_2022_Editorial_Coronavirus_Disease_COVID_19_The_Mental_Health_Resilience_and_Communication_Resources_for_the_Short_and_Long_term_Challenges_Faced_by_Healthcare_Workers?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_77275809","summary":"During the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world initially focused on measures to suppress COVID-19 transmission and protect their populations by developing vaccines and drug treatments for the most vulnerable and a host of social actions, including implementing social distancing, working from home, travel restrictions, lockdowns, and face coverings. Nearly 2 years after the initial outbreak, at the time of writing this editorial, and through research conducted as part of this Research Topic, it is clear that the mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers (HCW) are significant. There is an urgent need to understand and address these impacts (Greenberg et al., 2020). This is particularly true given the World Health Organisation has outlined a series of mental health and psychosocial considerations aimed explicitly at HCWs (World Health Organisation, 2020). The present Research Topic on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and HCWs has added to the scientific knowledge in several main areas, including barriers and enablers to healthcare delivery, understanding HCWs' mental health and well-being, resilience, coordination and communication within the workforce, and specific interventions to promote mental health and well-being.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4526864,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Mitchell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrAndrewEPMitchell","display_name":"Andrew E . P . 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The virus COVID-19 is transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62731840" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">According to World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. The virus COVID-19 is transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. The droplets are too heavy to hang in the air and quickly fall on floors or surfaces. A person gets infected by touching a contaminated surface and then his eyes, nose, or mouth (WHO,2020). COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. Most infected people develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, tiredness. The fewer common symptoms are aches and pains, sore throat, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache and loss of taste or smell, a rash on the skin, or discoloration of fingers or toes. Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without special treatment. 80% will recover from the disease without needing special treatment (WHO,2020). Around one in every five people who are infected with COVID-19 develop difficulty in breathing and require hospital care. People aged over 60 years and people who have underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, respiratory disease, or hypertension are among those who are at greater risk. (WHO,2020).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62731840" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f47e16abaa0d2236c8b952f9aec663ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75402829,"asset_id":62731840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75402829/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37769006" href="https://texilaconnect.academia.edu/TexilaInternationalJournal">Texila International Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37769006" type="text/json">{"id":37769006,"first_name":"Texila International","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"texilaconnect","page_name":"TexilaInternationalJournal","display_name":"Texila International Journal","profile_url":"https://texilaconnect.academia.edu/TexilaInternationalJournal?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37769006/15581072/16233473/s65_texila_international.journal.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-62731840">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-62731840"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlfredDebaba">Alfred Debaba</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-62731840'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-62731840').html(); 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The virus COVID-19 is transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. The droplets are too heavy to hang in the air and quickly fall on floors or surfaces. A person gets infected by touching a contaminated surface and then his eyes, nose, or mouth (WHO,2020). COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. Most infected people develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, tiredness. The fewer common symptoms are aches and pains, sore throat, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache and loss of taste or smell, a rash on the skin, or discoloration of fingers or toes. Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without special treatment. 80% will recover from the disease without needing special treatment (WHO,2020). Around one in every five people who are infected with COVID-19 develop difficulty in breathing and require hospital care. People aged over 60 years and people who have underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, respiratory disease, or hypertension are among those who are at greater risk. (WHO,2020).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75402829,"asset_id":62731840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37769006,"first_name":"Texila International","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"texilaconnect","page_name":"TexilaInternationalJournal","display_name":"Texila International Journal","profile_url":"https://texilaconnect.academia.edu/TexilaInternationalJournal?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37769006/15581072/16233473/s65_texila_international.journal.png"},{"id":210259989,"first_name":"Alfred","last_name":"Debaba","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlfredDebaba","display_name":"Alfred Debaba","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlfredDebaba?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/210259989/70182000/58595062/s65_alfred.debaba.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":44259,"name":"Diarrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":387144,"name":"Fever","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fever?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":977712,"name":"Breathing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breathing?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":1345337,"name":"Mitigating Measures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitigating_Measures?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1862514,"name":"Tiredness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tiredness?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":2596312,"name":"special treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/special_treatment?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61613437" data-work_id="61613437" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61613437/E_giustificato_lo_scetticismo_di_chi_non_si_vuole_vaccinare">E' giustificato lo scetticismo di chi non si vuole vaccinare?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">E' giustificato lo scetticismo di chi non si vuole vaccinare? Proviamo a dare delle risposte! O meglio facciamo delle domande che i giornalisti non fanno!?</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61613437" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c646c3ddc23d81d2e25e565874d1e538" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74592762,"asset_id":61613437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74592762/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19104394" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GiuseppeTurrisi">Giuseppe Turrisi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19104394" type="text/json">{"id":19104394,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Turrisi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GiuseppeTurrisi","display_name":"Giuseppe Turrisi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GiuseppeTurrisi?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19104394/5312803/20338349/s65_giuseppe.turrisi.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61613437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61613437"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61613437, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61613437", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61613437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61613437; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61613437"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61613437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61613437"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61613437; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61613437]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61613437").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61613437").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61613437"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61613437]'), work: {"id":61613437,"title":"E' giustificato lo scetticismo di chi non si vuole vaccinare?","created_at":"2021-11-12T13:11:50.885-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61613437/E_giustificato_lo_scetticismo_di_chi_non_si_vuole_vaccinare?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_61613437","summary":"E' giustificato lo scetticismo di chi non si vuole vaccinare? Proviamo a dare delle risposte! O meglio facciamo delle domande che i giornalisti non fanno!?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74592762,"asset_id":61613437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19104394,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Turrisi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GiuseppeTurrisi","display_name":"Giuseppe Turrisi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GiuseppeTurrisi?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19104394/5312803/20338349/s65_giuseppe.turrisi.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45532563" data-work_id="45532563" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45532563/Early_stage_risk_communication_and_community_engagement_RCCE_strategies_and_measures_against_the_coronavirus_disease_2019_COVID_19_pandemic_crisis">Early stage risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies and measures against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic crisis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has proven to be tenacious and shows that the global community is still poorly prepared to handling such emerging pandemics. Enhancing global solidarity in emergency preparedness and response,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45532563" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has proven to be tenacious and shows that the global community is still poorly prepared to handling such emerging pandemics. Enhancing global solidarity in emergency preparedness and response, and the mobilization of conscience and cooperation, can serve as an excellent source of ideas and measures in a timely manner. The article provides an overview of the key components of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies at the early stages in vulnerable nations and populations, and highlight contextual recommendations for strengthening coordinated and sustainable RCCE preventive and emergency response strategies against COVID-19 pandemic. Global solidarity calls for firming governance, abundant community participation and enough trust to boost early pandemic preparedness and response. Promoting public RCCE response interventions needs crucially improving government health systems and security proac-tiveness, community to individual confinement, trust and resilience solutions. To better understand population risk and vulnerability, as well as COVID-19 transmission dynamics, it is important to build intelligent systems for monitoring isolation/quarantine and tracking by use of artificial intelligence and machine learning systems algorithms. Experiences and lessons learned from the international community is crucial for emerging pandemics prevention and control programs, especially in promoting evidence-based decision-making, integrating data and models to inform effective and sustainable RCCE strategies, such as local and global safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines and mass immunization programs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45532563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a137295aa9bfc0b974582d0375902109" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66015970,"asset_id":45532563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66015970/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14273082" href="https://wits.academia.edu/TamboErnest">Tambo Ernest</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14273082" type="text/json">{"id":14273082,"first_name":"Tambo","last_name":"Ernest","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"TamboErnest","display_name":"Tambo Ernest","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/TamboErnest?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14273082/4424608/19074576/s65_tambo.ernest.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45532563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45532563"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45532563, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45532563", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45532563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45532563; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45532563"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45532563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45532563"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45532563; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45532563]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45532563").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45532563").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45532563"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust">Trust</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3043" type="text/json">{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance">Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5167" type="text/json">{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15578" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response">Response</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15578" type="text/json">{"id":15578,"name":"Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45532563]'), work: {"id":45532563,"title":"Early stage risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies and measures against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic crisis","created_at":"2021-03-15T04:24:09.655-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45532563/Early_stage_risk_communication_and_community_engagement_RCCE_strategies_and_measures_against_the_coronavirus_disease_2019_COVID_19_pandemic_crisis?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_45532563","summary":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has proven to be tenacious and shows that the global community is still poorly prepared to handling such emerging pandemics. Enhancing global solidarity in emergency preparedness and response, and the mobilization of conscience and cooperation, can serve as an excellent source of ideas and measures in a timely manner. The article provides an overview of the key components of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies at the early stages in vulnerable nations and populations, and highlight contextual recommendations for strengthening coordinated and sustainable RCCE preventive and emergency response strategies against COVID-19 pandemic. Global solidarity calls for firming governance, abundant community participation and enough trust to boost early pandemic preparedness and response. Promoting public RCCE response interventions needs crucially improving government health systems and security proac-tiveness, community to individual confinement, trust and resilience solutions. To better understand population risk and vulnerability, as well as COVID-19 transmission dynamics, it is important to build intelligent systems for monitoring isolation/quarantine and tracking by use of artificial intelligence and machine learning systems algorithms. Experiences and lessons learned from the international community is crucial for emerging pandemics prevention and control programs, especially in promoting evidence-based decision-making, integrating data and models to inform effective and sustainable RCCE strategies, such as local and global safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines and mass immunization programs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66015970,"asset_id":45532563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14273082,"first_name":"Tambo","last_name":"Ernest","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"TamboErnest","display_name":"Tambo Ernest","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/TamboErnest?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14273082/4424608/19074576/s65_tambo.ernest.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":15578,"name":"Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":1028827,"name":"Pandemic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53689387" data-work_id="53689387" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53689387/The_Relationship_Between_COVID_19_induced_Death_and_Chronic_Diseases">The Relationship Between COVID-19-induced Death and Chronic Diseases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Morbidity and mortality due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are mainly related to age and comorbidity diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malignancies, etc.). These conditions are associated with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53689387" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Morbidity and mortality due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are mainly related to age and comorbidity diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malignancies, etc.). These conditions are associated with poorer clinical outcomes and sometimes lead to long-term hospitalization. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19-induced mortality and various chronic diseases in patients admitted to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, in 2020. <br />Methods: In this retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, patients with COVID-19 referring to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, from March 2020 to September 2020 were assessed. The required data were collected using patients’ records and telephone calls by a researcher-made checklist and analyzed by Independent Samples t-test, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact test, Kaplan-Meier plots, and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS v. 20. <br />Results: This study assessed 238 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The risk of death was significantly higher in patients aged over 75 years; they were 5.5 times more prone to expire, compared to the youngest age group (P<0.001). Chronic diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease, lung disease, and various cancers were more prevalent in patients who expired, compared to those who survived (P≤0.05). Of the patients who died, 73.8% were transferred to the Intensive U (ICU), while only 7.5% of surviving patients were transferred to the ICU (P<0.001). Longer hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of death among patients with underlying diseases and hypertension (P<0.05).<br />Conclusion: This study identified the role of chronic diseases and other important indicators in the survival of patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to a hospital in Rafsanjan. It is recommended that nurses and healthcare staff consider these findings in the care of patients with COVID-19.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53689387" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85ef6ff0940a1c991e6a1a067bbec3a2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70415161,"asset_id":53689387,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70415161/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24394898" href="https://iums.academia.edu/ClientCenteredNursingCare">Client – centered Nursing Care Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24394898" type="text/json">{"id":24394898,"first_name":"Client – centered Nursing Care","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"ClientCenteredNursingCare","display_name":"Client – centered Nursing Care Journal","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/ClientCenteredNursingCare?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24394898/6647309/9638467/s65_client_centered_nursing_care.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53689387 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53689387"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53689387, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53689387", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53689387 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53689387; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53689387"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53689387 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53689387"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53689387; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53689387]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53689387").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53689387").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53689387"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94445" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_diseases">Chronic diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94445" type="text/json">{"id":94445,"name":"Chronic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_diseases?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4047154" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inpatient_mortality">Inpatient mortality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4047154" type="text/json">{"id":4047154,"name":"Inpatient mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inpatient_mortality?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4047155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortality_determinants">Mortality determinants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4047155" type="text/json">{"id":4047155,"name":"Mortality determinants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortality_determinants?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53689387]'), work: {"id":53689387,"title":"The Relationship Between COVID-19-induced Death and Chronic Diseases","created_at":"2021-09-28T05:13:05.360-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53689387/The_Relationship_Between_COVID_19_induced_Death_and_Chronic_Diseases?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_53689387","summary":"Background: Morbidity and mortality due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are mainly related to age and comorbidity diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malignancies, etc.). These conditions are associated with poorer clinical outcomes and sometimes lead to long-term hospitalization. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19-induced mortality and various chronic diseases in patients admitted to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, in 2020. \nMethods: In this retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, patients with COVID-19 referring to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, from March 2020 to September 2020 were assessed. The required data were collected using patients’ records and telephone calls by a researcher-made checklist and analyzed by Independent Samples t-test, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact test, Kaplan-Meier plots, and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS v. 20. \nResults: This study assessed 238 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The risk of death was significantly higher in patients aged over 75 years; they were 5.5 times more prone to expire, compared to the youngest age group (P\u003c0.001). Chronic diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease, lung disease, and various cancers were more prevalent in patients who expired, compared to those who survived (P≤0.05). Of the patients who died, 73.8% were transferred to the Intensive U (ICU), while only 7.5% of surviving patients were transferred to the ICU (P\u003c0.001). Longer hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of death among patients with underlying diseases and hypertension (P\u003c0.05).\nConclusion: This study identified the role of chronic diseases and other important indicators in the survival of patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to a hospital in Rafsanjan. It is recommended that nurses and healthcare staff consider these findings in the care of patients with COVID-19. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70415161,"asset_id":53689387,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24394898,"first_name":"Client – centered Nursing Care","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"ClientCenteredNursingCare","display_name":"Client – centered Nursing Care Journal","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/ClientCenteredNursingCare?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24394898/6647309/9638467/s65_client_centered_nursing_care.journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94445,"name":"Chronic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_diseases?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":4047154,"name":"Inpatient mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inpatient_mortality?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":4047155,"name":"Mortality determinants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortality_determinants?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46557242" data-work_id="46557242" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46557242/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID_19_A_review_on_its_origin_characteristics_and_Drugs_currently_used_to_combat">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review on its origin, characteristics and Drugs currently used to combat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The biological properties of SARS-CoV-2, its description, comparison with other co-existing pathogenic viruses and measures combating it are briefed here to make aware of current progress in this direction. For this available and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_46557242" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The biological properties of SARS-CoV-2, its description, comparison with other co-existing pathogenic viruses and measures combating it are briefed here to make aware of current progress in this direction. For this available and published literature was searched in Pubmed, bioRxiv and Web of science. Available literature revealed its pleomorphic form getting mutated overtime. It can affect individuals from any age group. Symptoms of infection are associated with problems in respiratory tract. Many drugs of antimalarial, antiparasitic or antiviral in nature have been tried against it, but none stood successful to finally and completely treat it. Vaccines against it are still under process and trials. Till that, preventive measures such as isolation, quarantine and covering the exposed body parts should be taken into account for public safety.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46557242" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2944cfbfab48940e0f9b9856d5bc74b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66234364,"asset_id":46557242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66234364/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="190174309" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrGyanendraKumar">Dr Gyanendra Kumar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="190174309" type="text/json">{"id":190174309,"first_name":"Dr Gyanendra","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrGyanendraKumar","display_name":"Dr Gyanendra Kumar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrGyanendraKumar?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/190174309/53344198/41469996/s65_dr_gyanendra.kumar.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46557242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46557242"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46557242, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46557242", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_46557242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46557242; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_46557242"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_46557242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="46557242"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46557242; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=46557242]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_46557242").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_46557242").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="46557242"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="919274" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chloroquine">Chloroquine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="919274" type="text/json">{"id":919274,"name":"Chloroquine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chloroquine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2343683" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydroxychloroquine">Hydroxychloroquine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2343683" type="text/json">{"id":2343683,"name":"Hydroxychloroquine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydroxychloroquine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3557864" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19">Covid-19</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3557864" type="text/json">{"id":3557864,"name":"Covid-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3594697" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_PANDEMIC">COVID-19 PANDEMIC</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3594697" type="text/json">{"id":3594697,"name":"COVID-19 PANDEMIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_PANDEMIC?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=46557242]'), work: {"id":46557242,"title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review on its origin, characteristics and Drugs currently used to combat","created_at":"2021-04-11T01:55:48.617-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46557242/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID_19_A_review_on_its_origin_characteristics_and_Drugs_currently_used_to_combat?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_46557242","summary":"The biological properties of SARS-CoV-2, its description, comparison with other co-existing pathogenic viruses and measures combating it are briefed here to make aware of current progress in this direction. For this available and published literature was searched in Pubmed, bioRxiv and Web of science. Available literature revealed its pleomorphic form getting mutated overtime. It can affect individuals from any age group. Symptoms of infection are associated with problems in respiratory tract. Many drugs of antimalarial, antiparasitic or antiviral in nature have been tried against it, but none stood successful to finally and completely treat it. Vaccines against it are still under process and trials. Till that, preventive measures such as isolation, quarantine and covering the exposed body parts should be taken into account for public safety.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66234364,"asset_id":46557242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":190174309,"first_name":"Dr Gyanendra","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrGyanendraKumar","display_name":"Dr Gyanendra Kumar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrGyanendraKumar?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/190174309/53344198/41469996/s65_dr_gyanendra.kumar.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":919274,"name":"Chloroquine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chloroquine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":2343683,"name":"Hydroxychloroquine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydroxychloroquine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3557864,"name":"Covid-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3594697,"name":"COVID-19 PANDEMIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_PANDEMIC?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3597352,"name":"Cloroquina, hidroxicloroquina y remdesivir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cloroquina_hidroxicloroquina_y_remdesivir?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3597354,"name":"remdesivir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/remdesivir?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3624819,"name":"LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LOPINAVIR_RITONAVIR?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3943835,"name":"Favipiravir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Favipiravir?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3947265,"name":"Origin of COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origin_of_COVID_19?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3947266,"name":"Drugs to Treat COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_to_Treat_COVID_19?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3947267,"name":"Diversity of Coronavirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity_of_Coronavirus?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3947268,"name":"Cepharanthine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cepharanthine?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3947269,"name":"Selamectin ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selamectin?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3947270,"name":"Mefloquine hydrochloride","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mefloquine_hydrochloride?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3947271,"name":"Umifenovir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Umifenovir?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61374950" data-work_id="61374950" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61374950/Bidirectional_Association_Between_COVID_19_and_Mental_Health_Disorders_A_Narrative_Review">Bidirectional Association Between COVID-19 and Mental Health Disorders: A Narrative Review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Fear, anxiety, and stress are natural reactions of the human body to unpredictable and potentially threatening conditions. Currently, individuals are encountering Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; it is caused by a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61374950" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Fear, anxiety, and stress are natural reactions of the human body to unpredictable and potentially threatening conditions. Currently, individuals are encountering Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; it is caused by a virulent, partially unknown pathogen with high transmissibility, recognized as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is conceivable to experience anxiety, stress, and subsequent mental health disorders during the pandemic. This narrative review provided a brief overview of mechanisms involved in COVID-19 and mental health disorders as well as the bidirectional association between them.<br />Methods: Scientific electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched, based on different keywords in this study.<br />Results: Lifestyle changes and isolation for breaking the chain of infection facilitate mental health disorders development more than before. Since the onset of the pandemic, the prevalence of mental health disorders has significantly increased. Moreover, studies suggested that the incidence of COVID-19 and the progression of the disease to a severe and life-threatening stage is higher in individuals with a history of mental health disorders. Inflammation is caused by, also may cause mental health disorders. Besides, COVID-19 is associated with cytokine storm and subsequent inflammation.<br />Conclusion: There seems to be a bidirectional association between COVID-19 and mental health disorders, in which inflammation acts as an adaptor.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61374950" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e4bc39fa8e502414070cc7b139b7764" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74424635,"asset_id":61374950,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74424635/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="78301839" href="https://sbmu-ir.academia.edu/InternationalJournalofMedicalToxicologyandForensicMedicine">International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="78301839" type="text/json">{"id":78301839,"first_name":"International Journal of","last_name":"Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","domain_name":"sbmu-ir","page_name":"InternationalJournalofMedicalToxicologyandForensicMedicine","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","profile_url":"https://sbmu-ir.academia.edu/InternationalJournalofMedicalToxicologyandForensicMedicine?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78301839/19245906/19184539/s65_international_journal_of.medical_toxicology_and_forensic_medicine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61374950 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61374950"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61374950, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61374950", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61374950 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61374950; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61374950"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61374950 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61374950"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61374950; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61374950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61374950").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61374950").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61374950"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9334" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation">Inflammation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9334" type="text/json">{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171144" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders">Mental Disorders</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="171144" type="text/json">{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3986348" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severe_Acute_Respiratory_Syndrome_Coronavirus_2_SARS_CoV_2_">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3986348" type="text/json">{"id":3986348,"name":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severe_Acute_Respiratory_Syndrome_Coronavirus_2_SARS_CoV_2_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61374950]'), work: {"id":61374950,"title":"Bidirectional Association Between COVID-19 and Mental Health Disorders: A Narrative Review","created_at":"2021-11-08T23:57:05.352-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61374950/Bidirectional_Association_Between_COVID_19_and_Mental_Health_Disorders_A_Narrative_Review?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_61374950","summary":"Background: Fear, anxiety, and stress are natural reactions of the human body to unpredictable and potentially threatening conditions. Currently, individuals are encountering Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; it is caused by a virulent, partially unknown pathogen with high transmissibility, recognized as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is conceivable to experience anxiety, stress, and subsequent mental health disorders during the pandemic. This narrative review provided a brief overview of mechanisms involved in COVID-19 and mental health disorders as well as the bidirectional association between them.\nMethods: Scientific electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched, based on different keywords in this study.\nResults: Lifestyle changes and isolation for breaking the chain of infection facilitate mental health disorders development more than before. Since the onset of the pandemic, the prevalence of mental health disorders has significantly increased. Moreover, studies suggested that the incidence of COVID-19 and the progression of the disease to a severe and life-threatening stage is higher in individuals with a history of mental health disorders. Inflammation is caused by, also may cause mental health disorders. Besides, COVID-19 is associated with cytokine storm and subsequent inflammation.\nConclusion: There seems to be a bidirectional association between COVID-19 and mental health disorders, in which inflammation acts as an adaptor.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74424635,"asset_id":61374950,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":78301839,"first_name":"International Journal of","last_name":"Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","domain_name":"sbmu-ir","page_name":"InternationalJournalofMedicalToxicologyandForensicMedicine","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","profile_url":"https://sbmu-ir.academia.edu/InternationalJournalofMedicalToxicologyandForensicMedicine?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78301839/19245906/19184539/s65_international_journal_of.medical_toxicology_and_forensic_medicine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3986348,"name":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severe_Acute_Respiratory_Syndrome_Coronavirus_2_SARS_CoV_2_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":4058089,"name":"Cytokine release syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokine_release_syndrome?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60408444" data-work_id="60408444" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60408444/Research_Paper_Factors_Associated_With_COVID_19_induced_Deaths_in_Africa">Research Paper: Factors Associated With COVID-19-induced Deaths in Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Although COVID-19 has been a global crisis, respecting no boundaries, the burden and number of cases have been much lower in numerous African countries than initially feared. The reason for considerable crosscountry... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60408444" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Although COVID-19 has been a global crisis, respecting no boundaries, the burden and number of cases have been much lower in numerous African countries than initially feared. The reason for considerable crosscountry variability across the continent remains undiscovered. Accordingly, the present study investigated the potential country-level factors associated with the COVID-19 burden in Africa Materials & Methods: Guided by emerging empirical findings, the rapidly evolving literature, and relevant theoretical frameworks, a unique cross-sectional dataset comprising 54 African countries were constructed. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine critical factors associated with COVID-19 deaths in Africa. Results: The obtained data suggested that population density was negatively and significantly associated with COVID-19-induced deaths; however, the median age presented a positive, and significant association with COVID-19-related deaths. Other explored factors, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, global connectivity, DTP immunization coverage, the percentage of seats in parliament held by women, and political regime type demonstrated no significant relationship with COVID-19-related deaths. Conclusion: The global empirical analyses have indicated that an array of socioeconomic , demographic, political, and health-related factors may be associated with COVID-19 burden; however, the present study indicated that population density and median age were associated with COVID-19-induced deaths in Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60408444" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad0599be31906e94541e6563fea9777d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73868316,"asset_id":60408444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73868316/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="205290386" href="https://gums.academia.edu/CaspianJournalofHealthResearch">Caspian Journal of Health Research (CJHR)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="205290386" type="text/json">{"id":205290386,"first_name":"Caspian Journal of","last_name":"Health Research (CJHR)","domain_name":"gums","page_name":"CaspianJournalofHealthResearch","display_name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research (CJHR)","profile_url":"https://gums.academia.edu/CaspianJournalofHealthResearch?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/205290386/65904427/54248136/s65_caspian_journal_of.health_research.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60408444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60408444"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60408444, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60408444", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60408444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60408444; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60408444"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60408444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60408444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60408444; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60408444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60408444").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60408444").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60408444"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="594653" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemics">Pandemics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="594653" type="text/json">{"id":594653,"name":"Pandemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemics?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1305891" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus">Coronavirus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1305891" type="text/json">{"id":1305891,"name":"Coronavirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60408444]'), work: {"id":60408444,"title":"Research Paper: Factors Associated With COVID-19-induced Deaths in Africa","created_at":"2021-10-30T04:07:10.288-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60408444/Research_Paper_Factors_Associated_With_COVID_19_induced_Deaths_in_Africa?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_60408444","summary":"Background: Although COVID-19 has been a global crisis, respecting no boundaries, the burden and number of cases have been much lower in numerous African countries than initially feared. The reason for considerable crosscountry variability across the continent remains undiscovered. Accordingly, the present study investigated the potential country-level factors associated with the COVID-19 burden in Africa Materials \u0026 Methods: Guided by emerging empirical findings, the rapidly evolving literature, and relevant theoretical frameworks, a unique cross-sectional dataset comprising 54 African countries were constructed. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine critical factors associated with COVID-19 deaths in Africa. Results: The obtained data suggested that population density was negatively and significantly associated with COVID-19-induced deaths; however, the median age presented a positive, and significant association with COVID-19-related deaths. Other explored factors, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, global connectivity, DTP immunization coverage, the percentage of seats in parliament held by women, and political regime type demonstrated no significant relationship with COVID-19-related deaths. Conclusion: The global empirical analyses have indicated that an array of socioeconomic , demographic, political, and health-related factors may be associated with COVID-19 burden; however, the present study indicated that population density and median age were associated with COVID-19-induced deaths in Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73868316,"asset_id":60408444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":205290386,"first_name":"Caspian Journal of","last_name":"Health Research (CJHR)","domain_name":"gums","page_name":"CaspianJournalofHealthResearch","display_name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research (CJHR)","profile_url":"https://gums.academia.edu/CaspianJournalofHealthResearch?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/205290386/65904427/54248136/s65_caspian_journal_of.health_research.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":594653,"name":"Pandemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemics?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":1305891,"name":"Coronavirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51840753" data-work_id="51840753" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51840753/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_2019_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_Cardiovascular_implications_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_features_of_clinical_course_diagnosis_treatment_">Серцево-судинні наслідки коронавірусної хвороби 2019: особливості клінічного перебігу, діагностики, лікування [Cardiovascular implications of coronavirus disease 2019: features of clinical course, diagnosis, treatment]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">У статті представлено сучасні погляди на особливості клінічного перебігу, діагностики та лікування серцево-судинних наслідків коронавірусної хвороби 2019 (COVID‑19). Зазначено, що пацієнти з патологією системи кровообігу мають більш... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51840753" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">У статті представлено сучасні погляди на особливості клінічного перебігу, діагностики та лікування серцево-судинних наслідків коронавірусної хвороби 2019 (COVID‑19). Зазначено, що пацієнти з патологією системи кровообігу мають більш тяжкий перебіг захворювання і вищу смертність, однак остаточні та повні дані щодо частоти і видів довгострокових серцево-судинних ускладнень після COVID‑19, клінічних наслідків і віддалених ризиків, чіткі алгоритми лікування постковідних уражень на сьогодні відсутні.<br /><br />The article presents the current views on the features of the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular implications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). It is noted that patients with cardiovascular diseases have a more severe course of COVID‑19 infection and higher mortality rates, but final and complete data on frequency and types of long-term cardiovascular complications after COVID‑19, clinical consequences and long-term risks, clear management algorithms for post- COVID‑19 syndrome are currently missing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51840753" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea69a4a6f36de2a57afd9b9ef12eb662" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69383773,"asset_id":51840753,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69383773/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50235707" href="https://bogomoletsnationalmedical.academia.edu/IgorSvintsitskyi">Igor Svintsitskyi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50235707" type="text/json">{"id":50235707,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Svintsitskyi","domain_name":"bogomoletsnationalmedical","page_name":"IgorSvintsitskyi","display_name":"Igor Svintsitskyi","profile_url":"https://bogomoletsnationalmedical.academia.edu/IgorSvintsitskyi?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50235707/13201818/133257844/s65_igor.svintsitskyi.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51840753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51840753"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51840753, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51840753", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51840753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51840753; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51840753"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51840753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51840753"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51840753; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51840753]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51840753").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51840753").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51840753"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="312834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_system">Cardiovascular system</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="312834" type="text/json">{"id":312834,"name":"Cardiovascular system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_system?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3567366" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19">Coronavirus COVID-19</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3567366" type="text/json">{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51840753]'), work: {"id":51840753,"title":"Серцево-судинні наслідки коронавірусної хвороби 2019: особливості клінічного перебігу, діагностики, лікування [Cardiovascular implications of coronavirus disease 2019: features of clinical course, diagnosis, treatment]","created_at":"2021-09-11T05:30:52.093-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51840753/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_2019_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_Cardiovascular_implications_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_features_of_clinical_course_diagnosis_treatment_?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_51840753","summary":"У статті представлено сучасні погляди на особливості клінічного перебігу, діагностики та лікування серцево-судинних наслідків коронавірусної хвороби 2019 (COVID‑19). Зазначено, що пацієнти з патологією системи кровообігу мають більш тяжкий перебіг захворювання і вищу смертність, однак остаточні та повні дані щодо частоти і видів довгострокових серцево-судинних ускладнень після COVID‑19, клінічних наслідків і віддалених ризиків, чіткі алгоритми лікування постковідних уражень на сьогодні відсутні.\n\nThe article presents the current views on the features of the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular implications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). It is noted that patients with cardiovascular diseases have a more severe course of COVID‑19 infection and higher mortality rates, but final and complete data on frequency and types of long-term cardiovascular complications after COVID‑19, clinical consequences and long-term risks, clear management algorithms for post- COVID‑19 syndrome are currently missing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69383773,"asset_id":51840753,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50235707,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Svintsitskyi","domain_name":"bogomoletsnationalmedical","page_name":"IgorSvintsitskyi","display_name":"Igor Svintsitskyi","profile_url":"https://bogomoletsnationalmedical.academia.edu/IgorSvintsitskyi?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50235707/13201818/133257844/s65_igor.svintsitskyi.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":312834,"name":"Cardiovascular system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_system?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49490259" data-work_id="49490259" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49490259/Et%C3%A7io%C4%9Flu_E_Ayd%C4%B1n_A_%C3%96zen_F_K%C3%B6se_E_Ayd%C4%B1n_MR_Muratda%C4%9F%C4%B1_G_et_al_Anxiety_and_Loneliness_Levels_of_Quarantined_Citizens_Who_Brought_From_Abroad_An_Example_From_Turkey_Erciyes_Med_J_2021_43_4_385_92">Etçioğlu E, Aydın A, Özen F, Köse E, Aydın MR, Muratdağı G, et al. Anxiety and Loneliness Levels of Quarantined Citizens Who Brought From Abroad: An Example From Turkey. Erciyes Med J 2021; 43(4): 385–92.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The quarantine process implemented to prevent the spread of infection during the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic may negatively affect individuals. We aimed to evaluate the anxiety and loneliness levels of the quarantined... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49490259" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The quarantine process implemented to prevent the spread of infection during the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic may negatively affect individuals. We aimed to evaluate the anxiety and loneliness levels of the quarantined individuals and determine the related factors. Materials and Methods: Two hundred ninety individuals who were brought to Turkey from abroad in May 2020, quarantined in Sakarya province, participated in our descriptive cross-sectional study. The loneliness and anxiety levels, along with the effects of the quarantine process, were evaluated. The sociodemographic information form prepared, Loneliness Scale (UCLA), State Anxiety Scale (STAI-1), and Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI-2), were used to collect data. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.32±9.86 years and 79.7% were male. Participants who stated that they had a mental illness before the pandemic and those who reported that they needed a mental health professional during the pandemic scored significantly higher in the UCLA, STAI-1, and STAI-2 scales compared to others. The UCLA and STAI-2 scores of participants with a high concern about contracting COVID-19 were higher than those with moderate and low levels of anxiety. The quarantine process did not significantly affect the UCLA, STAI-1, and STAI-2 scales of participants. Conclusion: Although quarantine was not found to affect anxiety and loneliness levels, it was observed that the basis of anxiety in highly anxious individuals was constituted by worry about themselves or loved ones contracting the disease and economic effects of the process.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49490259" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="373a30c0747faef5aa085c4008da81fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67830526,"asset_id":49490259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67830526/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="164029131" href="https://erciyes.academia.edu/JournalofClinicalPracticeandResearch">Journal of Clinical Practice and Research</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="164029131" type="text/json">{"id":164029131,"first_name":"Journal of Clinical Practice","last_name":"and Research","domain_name":"erciyes","page_name":"JournalofClinicalPracticeandResearch","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Practice and Research","profile_url":"https://erciyes.academia.edu/JournalofClinicalPracticeandResearch?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/164029131/46083597/112227881/s65_journal_of_clinical_practice.and_research.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49490259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49490259"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49490259, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49490259", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49490259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49490259; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49490259"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49490259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49490259"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49490259; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49490259]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49490259").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49490259").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49490259"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38676" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety">Anxiety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38676" type="text/json">{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="115029" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loneliness">Loneliness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="115029" type="text/json">{"id":115029,"name":"Loneliness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loneliness?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49490259]'), work: {"id":49490259,"title":"Etçioğlu E, Aydın A, Özen F, Köse E, Aydın MR, Muratdağı G, et al. Anxiety and Loneliness Levels of Quarantined Citizens Who Brought From Abroad: An Example From Turkey. Erciyes Med J 2021; 43(4): 385–92.","created_at":"2021-07-01T03:23:54.909-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49490259/Et%C3%A7io%C4%9Flu_E_Ayd%C4%B1n_A_%C3%96zen_F_K%C3%B6se_E_Ayd%C4%B1n_MR_Muratda%C4%9F%C4%B1_G_et_al_Anxiety_and_Loneliness_Levels_of_Quarantined_Citizens_Who_Brought_From_Abroad_An_Example_From_Turkey_Erciyes_Med_J_2021_43_4_385_92?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_49490259","summary":"The quarantine process implemented to prevent the spread of infection during the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic may negatively affect individuals. We aimed to evaluate the anxiety and loneliness levels of the quarantined individuals and determine the related factors. Materials and Methods: Two hundred ninety individuals who were brought to Turkey from abroad in May 2020, quarantined in Sakarya province, participated in our descriptive cross-sectional study. The loneliness and anxiety levels, along with the effects of the quarantine process, were evaluated. The sociodemographic information form prepared, Loneliness Scale (UCLA), State Anxiety Scale (STAI-1), and Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI-2), were used to collect data. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.32±9.86 years and 79.7% were male. Participants who stated that they had a mental illness before the pandemic and those who reported that they needed a mental health professional during the pandemic scored significantly higher in the UCLA, STAI-1, and STAI-2 scales compared to others. The UCLA and STAI-2 scores of participants with a high concern about contracting COVID-19 were higher than those with moderate and low levels of anxiety. The quarantine process did not significantly affect the UCLA, STAI-1, and STAI-2 scales of participants. Conclusion: Although quarantine was not found to affect anxiety and loneliness levels, it was observed that the basis of anxiety in highly anxious individuals was constituted by worry about themselves or loved ones contracting the disease and economic effects of the process.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67830526,"asset_id":49490259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":164029131,"first_name":"Journal of Clinical Practice","last_name":"and Research","domain_name":"erciyes","page_name":"JournalofClinicalPracticeandResearch","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Practice and Research","profile_url":"https://erciyes.academia.edu/JournalofClinicalPracticeandResearch?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/164029131/46083597/112227881/s65_journal_of_clinical_practice.and_research.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":115029,"name":"Loneliness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loneliness?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49066225 coauthored" data-work_id="49066225" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49066225/Review_Paper_SARS_COV_2_History_Genetics_and_Treatment">Review Paper SARS-COV-2: History, Genetics, and Treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and Aim Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and animals. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus. The World Health... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49066225" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and Aim Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and animals. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus. The World Health Organization has declared this infectious disease as a global pandemic. Objective:This study aims to review the latest research advances in genetics, pathogenicity, and clinical features of COVID-19, as well as current therapies to combat this disease. Methods & Materials This is a systematic review study on articles published from 2010 to 2020 by searching in reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Ethical Considerations Ethical principles have been observed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations. Results Examining the genome and genetic studies of the virus, it can be said that there are many similarities between different coronavirus types, but there are differences in their genomic and phenotypic structures that can affect their pathogenesis. Re-use of existing therapeutic drugs, previously designed for other infections and viral pathologies is currently the only practical approach to fight COVID-19. The tests for SARS-CoV-2 genome-specific vaccines and the therapeutic antibodies are currently being tested, but they require a long-term process and complete safety testing. Conclusion Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the basis of disease control. There is currently no specific antiviral drug approved for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, preventive measures are necessary to stop and control the spread of COVID-19, according to genetic studies and the obtaining knowledge of the molecular mechanism of this virus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49066225" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f37b651f3eb77656b821bb72d7155ed7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67457745,"asset_id":49066225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67457745/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="142005707" href="https://leila.academia.edu/ArakUniversityMedicalSciencesJAMS">Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences (JAMS)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="142005707" type="text/json">{"id":142005707,"first_name":"Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences","last_name":"(JAMS)","domain_name":"leila","page_name":"ArakUniversityMedicalSciencesJAMS","display_name":"Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences (JAMS)","profile_url":"https://leila.academia.edu/ArakUniversityMedicalSciencesJAMS?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142005707/38499454/32190023/s65_arak_university_medical_sciences._jams_.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-49066225">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-49066225"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FloraForouzesh">Flora Forouzesh</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-49066225'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-49066225').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49066225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49066225"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49066225, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49066225", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49066225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49066225; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49066225"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49066225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49066225"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49066225; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49066225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49066225").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49066225").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49066225"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49066225]'), work: {"id":49066225,"title":"Review Paper SARS-COV-2: History, Genetics, and Treatment","created_at":"2021-05-29T07:38:03.422-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49066225/Review_Paper_SARS_COV_2_History_Genetics_and_Treatment?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_49066225","summary":"Background and Aim Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and animals. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus. The World Health Organization has declared this infectious disease as a global pandemic. Objective:This study aims to review the latest research advances in genetics, pathogenicity, and clinical features of COVID-19, as well as current therapies to combat this disease. Methods \u0026 Materials This is a systematic review study on articles published from 2010 to 2020 by searching in reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Ethical Considerations Ethical principles have been observed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations. Results Examining the genome and genetic studies of the virus, it can be said that there are many similarities between different coronavirus types, but there are differences in their genomic and phenotypic structures that can affect their pathogenesis. Re-use of existing therapeutic drugs, previously designed for other infections and viral pathologies is currently the only practical approach to fight COVID-19. The tests for SARS-CoV-2 genome-specific vaccines and the therapeutic antibodies are currently being tested, but they require a long-term process and complete safety testing. Conclusion Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the basis of disease control. There is currently no specific antiviral drug approved for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, preventive measures are necessary to stop and control the spread of COVID-19, according to genetic studies and the obtaining knowledge of the molecular mechanism of this virus.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67457745,"asset_id":49066225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":142005707,"first_name":"Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences","last_name":"(JAMS)","domain_name":"leila","page_name":"ArakUniversityMedicalSciencesJAMS","display_name":"Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences (JAMS)","profile_url":"https://leila.academia.edu/ArakUniversityMedicalSciencesJAMS?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142005707/38499454/32190023/s65_arak_university_medical_sciences._jams_.png"},{"id":195700269,"first_name":"Flora","last_name":"Forouzesh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FloraForouzesh","display_name":"Flora Forouzesh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FloraForouzesh?f_ri=3686510","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46555798 coauthored" data-work_id="46555798" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46555798/Stress_Management_During_the_Outbreak_of_2019_Novel_Corona_Virus">Stress Management During the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Corona-Virus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The zoonotic virus (2019-nCoV) has been first proclaimed in Wuhan (China). It has tremendously affecting the world and no precise vaccination has been found till date. The growth rate of infection, causality, and recovery is completely in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_46555798" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The zoonotic virus (2019-nCoV) has been first proclaimed in Wuhan (China). It has tremendously affecting the world and no precise vaccination has been found till date. The growth rate of infection, causality, and recovery is completely in vague for this pandemic. The outbreak of Corona-virus disease is exponentially sweeping across the world and is triggering chaos, fear, anxiety, and stress among the people. Uncertainty and unpredictability of this infectious disease is creating stress which include changes in sleep and eating patterns, increased use of alcohol and worsening of chronic health problems. The long prevalence of this deadly disease may create different types of psychological disorders among the people. Even though, healthcare sector is doing a meticulous job against this catastrophic event, but for stress management during this virus outbreak we must take breaks from watching and reading news stories including social media, eat healthy meals, start reading books, exercise regularly, avoid alcohol, engage ourselves with indoor activities, communicate with our loved ones, etc. Above all, there is a need to be relaxed and have a sound sleep to avoid the bad consequences of this menacing environment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46555798" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9329060b4911fc91283a44618de7f00" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66234177,"asset_id":46555798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66234177/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="190174309" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrGyanendraKumar">Dr Gyanendra Kumar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="190174309" type="text/json">{"id":190174309,"first_name":"Dr Gyanendra","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrGyanendraKumar","display_name":"Dr Gyanendra Kumar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrGyanendraKumar?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/190174309/53344198/41469996/s65_dr_gyanendra.kumar.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-46555798">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-46555798"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/UzmaAfaq">Uzma Afaq</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-46555798'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-46555798').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46555798 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46555798"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46555798, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46555798", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_46555798 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46555798; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_46555798"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_46555798 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="46555798"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46555798; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=46555798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_46555798").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_46555798").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="46555798"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9729" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress">Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9729" type="text/json">{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Management">Stress Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9946" type="text/json">{"id":9946,"name":"Stress Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Management?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133324" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep">Sleep</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133324" type="text/json">{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3557864" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19">Covid-19</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3557864" type="text/json">{"id":3557864,"name":"Covid-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=46555798]'), work: {"id":46555798,"title":"Stress Management During the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Corona-Virus","created_at":"2021-04-11T01:20:02.402-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46555798/Stress_Management_During_the_Outbreak_of_2019_Novel_Corona_Virus?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_46555798","summary":"The zoonotic virus (2019-nCoV) has been first proclaimed in Wuhan (China). It has tremendously affecting the world and no precise vaccination has been found till date. The growth rate of infection, causality, and recovery is completely in vague for this pandemic. The outbreak of Corona-virus disease is exponentially sweeping across the world and is triggering chaos, fear, anxiety, and stress among the people. Uncertainty and unpredictability of this infectious disease is creating stress which include changes in sleep and eating patterns, increased use of alcohol and worsening of chronic health problems. The long prevalence of this deadly disease may create different types of psychological disorders among the people. Even though, healthcare sector is doing a meticulous job against this catastrophic event, but for stress management during this virus outbreak we must take breaks from watching and reading news stories including social media, eat healthy meals, start reading books, exercise regularly, avoid alcohol, engage ourselves with indoor activities, communicate with our loved ones, etc. Above all, there is a need to be relaxed and have a sound sleep to avoid the bad consequences of this menacing environment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66234177,"asset_id":46555798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":190174309,"first_name":"Dr Gyanendra","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrGyanendraKumar","display_name":"Dr Gyanendra Kumar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrGyanendraKumar?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/190174309/53344198/41469996/s65_dr_gyanendra.kumar.png"},{"id":190848562,"first_name":"Uzma","last_name":"Afaq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UzmaAfaq","display_name":"Uzma Afaq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UzmaAfaq?f_ri=3686510","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":9946,"name":"Stress Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Management?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3557864,"name":"Covid-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covid-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3947254,"name":"COVID-19 and Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID_19_and_Stress?f_ri=3686510"},{"id":3947255,"name":"Stress Management during COVID-19 Pandemic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Management_during_COVID_19_Pandemic?f_ri=3686510"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61088898" data-work_id="61088898" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61088898/The_Role_of_TMPRSS2_and_TMPRSS2_Inhibitors_in_Cell_Entry_Mechanism_of_COVID_19">The Role of TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS2-Inhibitors in Cell Entry Mechanism of COVID-19</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Camostat is a synthetic low-molecular serine protease inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and reflux esophagitis with minimal side effects [1]. Camostat in an antifibrinolytic agent with a molar mass of 398,41 g/mol.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61088898" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Camostat is a synthetic low-molecular serine protease inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and reflux esophagitis with minimal side effects [1]. Camostat in an antifibrinolytic agent with a molar mass of 398,41 g/mol. Camostat is a therapeutic agent against cancer, pancreatitis and liver fibrosis. In the treatment of human tracheal epithelial</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61088898" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ccaf1e24d2f6e36e6eee0b255ca775f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74253603,"asset_id":61088898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74253603/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="206903264" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine">Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="206903264" type="text/json">{"id":206903264,"first_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and","last_name":"Medicine","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine","display_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206903264/67217006/55581498/s65_journal_of_regenerative_biology_and.medicine.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61088898 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61088898"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61088898, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61088898", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61088898 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61088898; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61088898"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61088898 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61088898"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61088898; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61088898]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61088898").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61088898").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61088898"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="111112" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="111112" type="text/json">{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1481825" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bromhexine">Bromhexine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1481825" type="text/json">{"id":1481825,"name":"Bromhexine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bromhexine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3567366" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19">Coronavirus COVID-19</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3567366" type="text/json">{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61088898]'), work: {"id":61088898,"title":"The Role of TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS2-Inhibitors in Cell Entry Mechanism of COVID-19","created_at":"2021-11-06T01:09:46.198-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61088898/The_Role_of_TMPRSS2_and_TMPRSS2_Inhibitors_in_Cell_Entry_Mechanism_of_COVID_19?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_61088898","summary":"Camostat is a synthetic low-molecular serine protease inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and reflux esophagitis with minimal side effects [1]. Camostat in an antifibrinolytic agent with a molar mass of 398,41 g/mol. Camostat is a therapeutic agent against cancer, pancreatitis and liver fibrosis. In the treatment of human tracheal epithelial","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74253603,"asset_id":61088898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":206903264,"first_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and","last_name":"Medicine","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine","display_name":"Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofRegenerativeBiologyandMedicine?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206903264/67217006/55581498/s65_journal_of_regenerative_biology_and.medicine.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":1481825,"name":"Bromhexine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bromhexine?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50216080" data-work_id="50216080" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50216080/Clinical_Characteristics_and_Risk_Factors_of_COVID_19_and_Related_Deaths_in_Elderly_Patients">Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of COVID-19 and Related Deaths in Elderly Patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives: The elderly are at higher risks for developing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides, when generating the illness, they have a higher risk of death. Recognizing clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50216080" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives: The elderly are at higher risks for developing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides, when generating the illness, they have a higher risk of death. Recognizing clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality in the elderly is necessary to prevent mortality in similar infectious diseases.<br />Methods & Materials: This descriptive research explored the data of all geriatrics admitted following COVID-19 in the medical centers affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. These data were collected from February 20, 2020, to February 20, 2021. Data analysis was performed by SPSS using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 was considered significant.<br />Results: Of the total 54523 patients admitted to the medical centers in the 12 months, 25218 patients were elderlies. In total, 51.05% and 12343 of the patients were female and male, respectively. In total, 3512 elderlies were expired. The death cases included 1814 (51.65%) males and the rest were females. Moreover, 16203 patients were in the age group of youngest-old, aged 60-75 years; 8270 patients were middle-old, 76-90 years; and the oldest-old category included 745 patients in the age group of ≥90 years. There was a significant relationship between age, gender, and COVID-19-induced death in the elderly (P<0.05). Older adults presented the highest death rate due to this disease Men were 10% more prone to die from COVID-19 than women. Major comorbidities recorded in this population were kidney diseases (92%), cancer (76%), diabetes (32%), and cardiovascular diseases (17%).<br />Conclusion: Preventive measures to support the elderly are essential to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it is essential to focus on the specific health needs of the elderly, such as proper nutrition, wellbeing, and mental health promotion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50216080" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a19bcfe3eb3f61c82d7735dab699eda8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68285169,"asset_id":50216080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68285169/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27373554" href="https://uswr.academia.edu/salmandjournal">Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27373554" type="text/json">{"id":27373554,"first_name":"Salmand:","last_name":"Iranian Journal of Ageing","domain_name":"uswr","page_name":"salmandjournal","display_name":"Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing","profile_url":"https://uswr.academia.edu/salmandjournal?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27373554/7783713/9666999/s65_salmand.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50216080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50216080"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50216080, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50216080", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50216080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50216080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50216080"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50216080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50216080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50216080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50216080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50216080").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50216080").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50216080"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64283" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly">Elderly</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64283" type="text/json">{"id":64283,"name":"Elderly","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="620049" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1">Risk Factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="620049" type="text/json">{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4029966" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_findings">Clinical findings</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4029966" type="text/json">{"id":4029966,"name":"Clinical findings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_findings?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50216080]'), work: {"id":50216080,"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of COVID-19 and Related Deaths in Elderly Patients","created_at":"2021-07-24T04:39:55.350-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50216080/Clinical_Characteristics_and_Risk_Factors_of_COVID_19_and_Related_Deaths_in_Elderly_Patients?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_50216080","summary":"Objectives: The elderly are at higher risks for developing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides, when generating the illness, they have a higher risk of death. Recognizing clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality in the elderly is necessary to prevent mortality in similar infectious diseases.\nMethods \u0026 Materials: This descriptive research explored the data of all geriatrics admitted following COVID-19 in the medical centers affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. These data were collected from February 20, 2020, to February 20, 2021. Data analysis was performed by SPSS using logistic regression analysis. P\u003c0.05 was considered significant.\nResults: Of the total 54523 patients admitted to the medical centers in the 12 months, 25218 patients were elderlies. In total, 51.05% and 12343 of the patients were female and male, respectively. In total, 3512 elderlies were expired. The death cases included 1814 (51.65%) males and the rest were females. Moreover, 16203 patients were in the age group of youngest-old, aged 60-75 years; 8270 patients were middle-old, 76-90 years; and the oldest-old category included 745 patients in the age group of ≥90 years. There was a significant relationship between age, gender, and COVID-19-induced death in the elderly (P\u003c0.05). Older adults presented the highest death rate due to this disease Men were 10% more prone to die from COVID-19 than women. Major comorbidities recorded in this population were kidney diseases (92%), cancer (76%), diabetes (32%), and cardiovascular diseases (17%).\nConclusion: Preventive measures to support the elderly are essential to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it is essential to focus on the specific health needs of the elderly, such as proper nutrition, wellbeing, and mental health promotion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68285169,"asset_id":50216080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27373554,"first_name":"Salmand:","last_name":"Iranian Journal of Ageing","domain_name":"uswr","page_name":"salmandjournal","display_name":"Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing","profile_url":"https://uswr.academia.edu/salmandjournal?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27373554/7783713/9666999/s65_salmand.journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":64283,"name":"Elderly","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":4029966,"name":"Clinical findings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_findings?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45432549 coauthored" data-work_id="45432549" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45432549/Idiosyncrasies_of_COVID_19_A_Review">Idiosyncrasies of COVID-19; A Review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Coronavirus disease 2019, identified by Chinese researchers to be the caused by a novel enveloped betacoronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2 which was first isolated in Wuhan, China has been declared a global... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45432549" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Coronavirus disease 2019, identified by Chinese researchers to be the caused by a novel enveloped betacoronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2 which was first isolated in Wuhan, China has been declared a global pandemic by the world health organization. The virus has several structural proteins that contributed to its pathogenesis such as spikes, membrane, envelop and nucleocapsid protein facilitating its attachment, entry and cell-to-cell transmission. The virus is readily transmitted through human-to-human contact and there is presently no approved vaccine for its prevention. This study was carried out to review the epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2, its host and reservoir, pathogenesis, transmission, clinical manifestation and potential treatment options for the infection.  <br /> <br /> Keywords:  Coronavirus disease 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2, Structural proteins,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45432549" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b53cb5bd112c4ade185c7a64df0742b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65943014,"asset_id":45432549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65943014/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4MDI2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="142123357" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IranianJournalofMedicalMicrobiology">Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="142123357" type="text/json">{"id":142123357,"first_name":"Iranian Journal of","last_name":"Medical Microbiology","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IranianJournalofMedicalMicrobiology","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IranianJournalofMedicalMicrobiology?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142123357/38550067/32214283/s65_iranian_journal_of.medical_microbiology.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45432549">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45432549"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://awka.academia.edu/NzubeEkpunobi">Nzube F A V O U R Ekpunobi</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidOlanihun">David Olanihun</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45432549'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45432549').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45432549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45432549"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45432549, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45432549", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45432549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45432549; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45432549"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45432549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45432549"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45432549; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45432549]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45432549").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45432549").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45432549"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76095" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission">Transmission</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="76095" type="text/json">{"id":76095,"name":"Transmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1274456" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Proteins">Structural Proteins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1274456" type="text/json">{"id":1274456,"name":"Structural Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Proteins?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686510" type="text/json">{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45432549]'), work: {"id":45432549,"title":"Idiosyncrasies of COVID-19; A Review","created_at":"2021-03-08T09:33:34.731-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45432549/Idiosyncrasies_of_COVID_19_A_Review?f_ri=3686510","dom_id":"work_45432549","summary":"The Coronavirus disease 2019, identified by Chinese researchers to be the caused by a novel enveloped betacoronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2 which was first isolated in Wuhan, China has been declared a global pandemic by the world health organization. The virus has several structural proteins that contributed to its pathogenesis such as spikes, membrane, envelop and nucleocapsid protein facilitating its attachment, entry and cell-to-cell transmission. The virus is readily transmitted through human-to-human contact and there is presently no approved vaccine for its prevention. This study was carried out to review the epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2, its host and reservoir, pathogenesis, transmission, clinical manifestation and potential treatment options for the infection. \n \n Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2, Structural proteins, ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65943014,"asset_id":45432549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":142123357,"first_name":"Iranian Journal of","last_name":"Medical Microbiology","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IranianJournalofMedicalMicrobiology","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IranianJournalofMedicalMicrobiology?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142123357/38550067/32214283/s65_iranian_journal_of.medical_microbiology.jpg"},{"id":123812365,"first_name":"Nzube","last_name":"Ekpunobi","domain_name":"awka","page_name":"NzubeEkpunobi","display_name":"Nzube F A V O U R Ekpunobi","profile_url":"https://awka.academia.edu/NzubeEkpunobi?f_ri=3686510","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/123812365/35857215/30935060/s65_nzube.ekpunobi.jpg"},{"id":188192656,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Olanihun","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidOlanihun","display_name":"David Olanihun","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidOlanihun?f_ri=3686510","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":76095,"name":"Transmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":1274456,"name":"Structural Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Proteins?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false},{"id":3686510,"name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_?f_ri=3686510","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 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