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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Addiction Medicine</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">18,126 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Addiction Medicine</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Addiction_Medicine">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14188241" data-work_id="14188241" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14188241/Tests_of_the_Attachment_and_Clinical_Issues_Questionnaire_as_It_Applies_to_Alcohol_Dependence">Tests of the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire as It Applies to Alcohol Dependence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although many major theories tie the addictions to specific pathways and neurochemical systems evolutionarily implicated in food and social behavioral systems, there is a paucity of instruments from the psychological level that can... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14188241" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although many major theories tie the addictions to specific pathways and neurochemical systems evolutionarily implicated in food and social behavioral systems, there is a paucity of instruments from the psychological level that can measure these important attachment, social, and emotional counterparts. Two studies were designed to examine whether the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ) could help fill this limitation in psychological measurement. In study 1, the ACIQ was given to patients in a substance abuse unit and control participants funneled to match from a larger population. To address the issue of their hypothesized tendency to blame everything on past experiences, study 2 tested whether the above results would be replicated with high school students predicted to develop alcohol dependence. In study 1, on the patient population, significant differences were found on the attachment and clinical scales in predicted directions. In study 2, on the high school stu...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14188241" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd7b9997dae08f471f8d6a551aa6480f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53295001,"asset_id":14188241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53295001/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33173146" href="https://marshall.academia.edu/MarcLindberg">Marc Lindberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33173146" type="text/json">{"id":33173146,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Lindberg","domain_name":"marshall","page_name":"MarcLindberg","display_name":"Marc Lindberg","profile_url":"https://marshall.academia.edu/MarcLindberg?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33173146/9836831/19658498/s65_marc.lindberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14188241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14188241"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14188241, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14188241", }); 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Two studies were designed to examine whether the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ) could help fill this limitation in psychological measurement. In study 1, the ACIQ was given to patients in a substance abuse unit and control participants funneled to match from a larger population. To address the issue of their hypothesized tendency to blame everything on past experiences, study 2 tested whether the above results would be replicated with high school students predicted to develop alcohol dependence. In study 1, on the patient population, significant differences were found on the attachment and clinical scales in predicted directions. In study 2, on the high school stu...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53295001,"asset_id":14188241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33173146,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Lindberg","domain_name":"marshall","page_name":"MarcLindberg","display_name":"Marc Lindberg","profile_url":"https://marshall.academia.edu/MarcLindberg?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33173146/9836831/19658498/s65_marc.lindberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50820644" data-work_id="50820644" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50820644/Classic_psychedelics_in_the_treatment_of_substance_use_disorder_Potential_synergies_with_twelve_step_programs">Classic psychedelics in the treatment of substance use disorder: Potential synergies with twelve-step programs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several pilot studies have provided evidence supporting the potential of classic psychedelics like psilocybin in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). If larger trials confirm efficacy, classic psychedelic-assisted psy-... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50820644" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several pilot studies have provided evidence supporting the potential of classic psychedelics like psilocybin in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). If larger trials confirm efficacy, classic psychedelic-assisted psy- chotherapy may eventually be integrated into existing addiction treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy, contingency management, and medication-assisted therapies. Many individuals seeking treatment for SUDs also join twelve-step facilitation (TSF) programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), which are among the most widely available and accessed treatments for alcohol use disorder worldwide. For such individuals, engaging in clas- sic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy could be seen as controversial, as members of AA/TSF programs have historically rejected medication-assisted treatments in favor of a pharmacotherapy-free approach. We argue that classic psychedelics and the subjective experiences they elicit may represent a special, more compatible case than conventional medications. In support of this claim, we describe Bill Wilson’s (the founder of AA) little known experiences with psychedelics and on this basis, we argue that aspects of classic psychedelic treatments could complement AA/TSF programs. We provide a review of clinical trials evaluating psychedelics in the context of SUDs and discuss their potential large-scale impact should they be ultimately integrated into AA/TSF.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50820644" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a85d353828074ee7d365965764a2628" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68686769,"asset_id":50820644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68686769/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39777932" href="https://jhusom.academia.edu/DavidBryceYaden">David Bryce Yaden</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39777932" type="text/json">{"id":39777932,"first_name":"David Bryce","last_name":"Yaden","domain_name":"jhusom","page_name":"DavidBryceYaden","display_name":"David Bryce Yaden","profile_url":"https://jhusom.academia.edu/DavidBryceYaden?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39777932/12358224/108817802/s65_david_bryce.yaden.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50820644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50820644"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50820644, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50820644", }); 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If larger trials confirm efficacy, classic psychedelic-assisted psy- chotherapy may eventually be integrated into existing addiction treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy, contingency management, and medication-assisted therapies. Many individuals seeking treatment for SUDs also join twelve-step facilitation (TSF) programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), which are among the most widely available and accessed treatments for alcohol use disorder worldwide. For such individuals, engaging in clas- sic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy could be seen as controversial, as members of AA/TSF programs have historically rejected medication-assisted treatments in favor of a pharmacotherapy-free approach. We argue that classic psychedelics and the subjective experiences they elicit may represent a special, more compatible case than conventional medications. In support of this claim, we describe Bill Wilson’s (the founder of AA) little known experiences with psychedelics and on this basis, we argue that aspects of classic psychedelic treatments could complement AA/TSF programs. We provide a review of clinical trials evaluating psychedelics in the context of SUDs and discuss their potential large-scale impact should they be ultimately integrated into AA/TSF.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68686769,"asset_id":50820644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39777932,"first_name":"David Bryce","last_name":"Yaden","domain_name":"jhusom","page_name":"DavidBryceYaden","display_name":"David Bryce Yaden","profile_url":"https://jhusom.academia.edu/DavidBryceYaden?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39777932/12358224/108817802/s65_david_bryce.yaden.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24964077" data-work_id="24964077" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24964077/Intractable_Nausea_Caused_by_Zolpidem_Withdrawal_A_Case_Report">Intractable Nausea Caused by Zolpidem Withdrawal: A Case Report</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">First launched in France in 1988, zolpidem (Ambien®) is a short-acting hypnotic agent. Early studies reported that that the development of physical dependence and tolerance to sedative-hypnotic drugs, such as the depressant and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24964077" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">First launched in France in 1988, zolpidem (Ambien®) is a short-acting hypnotic agent. Early studies reported that that the development of physical dependence and tolerance to sedative-hypnotic drugs, such as the depressant and anticonvulsant effects evidenced with benzodiazepines, is not found with zolpidem. Direct to consumer advertising by the manufacturer continues to state that the risk for dependency is low; however, recent publications seem to contradict this. Additionally, adverse drug reactions affecting the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system have been reported. Other studies have examined the interactions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and zolpidem as a possible cause of hallucinations. With continued physician marketing efforts touting the safety and efficacy of zolpidem, there is a high likelihood to overlook the risk of dependency and the symptoms related to zolpidem withdrawal. We report a case of a 41-year-old female who developed a dependency to zolpidem, who on her own decided to decrease her dosage, resulting in intractable nausea requiring hospitalization. Reported cases of zolpidem withdrawal have occurred with doses in excess of 160 mg per day, none of these have reported with intractable nausea as the sole symptom. In our reported case, although exceeding recommended dosage withdrawal phenomenon seemed to be severe after withdrawal from a comparatively low dose of zolpidem. Before zolpidem is prescribed, patient education should include warnings about the potential problems associated with dependency and abrupt discontinuation. Education about this common and likely underrecognized clinical phenomenon will help prevent future episodes and minimize the risk of misdiagnosis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24964077" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cecc63dc2515707b518ece14aca6e394" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55952011,"asset_id":24964077,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55952011/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10274017" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeonardVernon">Leonard Vernon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10274017" type="text/json">{"id":10274017,"first_name":"Leonard","last_name":"Vernon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeonardVernon","display_name":"Leonard Vernon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeonardVernon?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10274017/3144937/3702589/s65_leonard.vernon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24964077 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24964077"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24964077, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24964077", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24964077]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24964077").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24964077").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24964077"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="410370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1">Public health systems and services research</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="410370" type="text/json">{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24964077]'), work: {"id":24964077,"title":"Intractable Nausea Caused by Zolpidem Withdrawal: A Case Report","created_at":"2016-05-02T20:29:58.929-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24964077/Intractable_Nausea_Caused_by_Zolpidem_Withdrawal_A_Case_Report?f_ri=636","dom_id":"work_24964077","summary":"First launched in France in 1988, zolpidem (Ambien®) is a short-acting hypnotic agent. Early studies reported that that the development of physical dependence and tolerance to sedative-hypnotic drugs, such as the depressant and anticonvulsant effects evidenced with benzodiazepines, is not found with zolpidem. Direct to consumer advertising by the manufacturer continues to state that the risk for dependency is low; however, recent publications seem to contradict this. Additionally, adverse drug reactions affecting the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system have been reported. Other studies have examined the interactions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and zolpidem as a possible cause of hallucinations. With continued physician marketing efforts touting the safety and efficacy of zolpidem, there is a high likelihood to overlook the risk of dependency and the symptoms related to zolpidem withdrawal. We report a case of a 41-year-old female who developed a dependency to zolpidem, who on her own decided to decrease her dosage, resulting in intractable nausea requiring hospitalization. Reported cases of zolpidem withdrawal have occurred with doses in excess of 160 mg per day, none of these have reported with intractable nausea as the sole symptom. In our reported case, although exceeding recommended dosage withdrawal phenomenon seemed to be severe after withdrawal from a comparatively low dose of zolpidem. Before zolpidem is prescribed, patient education should include warnings about the potential problems associated with dependency and abrupt discontinuation. Education about this common and likely underrecognized clinical phenomenon will help prevent future episodes and minimize the risk of misdiagnosis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55952011,"asset_id":24964077,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10274017,"first_name":"Leonard","last_name":"Vernon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeonardVernon","display_name":"Leonard Vernon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeonardVernon?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10274017/3144937/3702589/s65_leonard.vernon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22035408" data-work_id="22035408" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22035408/Addiction_and_Personal_Autonomy">Addiction and Personal Autonomy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22035408" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22035408").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22035408"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2483" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction">Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2483" type="text/json">{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2484" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction">Drugs And Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2484" type="text/json">{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_and_Recovery">Addiction and Recovery</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22167" type="text/json">{"id":22167,"name":"Addiction and Recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_and_Recovery?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22035408]'), work: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2240" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2240" type="text/json">{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7736" 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49835471/FOMO_How_to_Identify_Prevent_and_Overcome_the_Fear_of_Missing_Out_">FOMO -How to Identify, Prevent and Overcome the "Fear of Missing Out"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fear of Missing Out - FOMO - can at times be associated with substance use disorders especially when an individual is trying to change their lifestyle to avoid situations that can trigger relapse. An individual who is trying to live... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49835471" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fear of Missing Out - FOMO -  can at times be associated with substance use disorders especially when an individual is trying to change their lifestyle to avoid situations that can trigger relapse. An individual who is trying to live without drugs/alcohol may experience a sense of fear or worry about what may be missed out on when making a change to a more stable and safer lifestyle without substances.  To put this in perspective here are some examples of FOMO types of statements associated with substance use recovery:</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49835471" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a04e4b9410b2d524b61a29ee5fc7f2f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68046818,"asset_id":49835471,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68046818/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24009731" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/KennethPecoraro">Kenneth Pecoraro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24009731" type="text/json">{"id":24009731,"first_name":"Kenneth","last_name":"Pecoraro","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"KennethPecoraro","display_name":"Kenneth Pecoraro","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/KennethPecoraro?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24009731/6480440/7328882/s65_kenneth.pecoraro.jpg_oh_30a22dc3ab64512dcc4bc2bb057e3b54_oe_553828f4___gda___1426302806_2ad42532a5e62a36e5ea23dbcaee8492"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49835471 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49835471"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49835471, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49835471", }); 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Addiction Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Abuse_and_Addiction_Psychology?f_ri=636"},{"id":112633,"name":"Addiction Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour?f_ri=636"},{"id":357676,"name":"Social Media Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_Addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":864175,"name":"Alcohol Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Addiction?f_ri=636"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3438428 coauthored" data-work_id="3438428" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3438428/Introduction_Tracing_New_Paths_in_the_Anthropology_of_Addiction_co_authored_with_William_Garriott_">Introduction: Tracing New Paths in the Anthropology of Addiction (co-authored with William Garriott)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3438428" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b7a2394c18916addabce96eda13dfd0d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31205419,"asset_id":3438428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31205419/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="218087" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/EugeneRaikhel">Eugene Raikhel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="218087" type="text/json">{"id":218087,"first_name":"Eugene","last_name":"Raikhel","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"EugeneRaikhel","display_name":"Eugene Raikhel","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/EugeneRaikhel?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/218087/49579/1039798/s65_eugene.raikhel.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3438428">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3438428"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://drake.academia.edu/WilliamGarriott">William Garriott</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3438428'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-3438428').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3438428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3438428"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3438428, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3438428", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3438428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3438428; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3438428"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); 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u-positionRelative">34</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3438428]'), work: {"id":3438428,"title":"Introduction: Tracing New Paths in the Anthropology of Addiction (co-authored with William 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Understandings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3304936" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f4420db6c386ff4ffed928fd15ac800" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32620304,"asset_id":3304936,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction">Drugs And Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2484" type="text/json">{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57528" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Studies">Addiction Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57528" type="text/json">{"id":57528,"name":"Addiction Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Studies?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3304936]'), work: {"id":3304936,"title":"De-Medicalizing Addiction: Toward Biocultural 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viewpoint</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12739615" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e912af2e899ca1a656e11aaf18f23063" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69429312,"asset_id":12739615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69429312/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down 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window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12739615"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12739615 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12739615"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12739615; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12739615]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12739615").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12739615").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12739615"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="230" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Behavioral_Therapy">Cognitive Behavioral Therapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="230" type="text/json">{"id":230,"name":"Cognitive Behavioral 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27552648/You_Cant_Nag_Someone_Sober">You Cant Nag Someone Sober</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">When a family member cares, the temptation to nag is understandable, and may even seem justifiable. However, there is one unavoidable and indisputable truth about nagging and addiction: It is extremely ineffective. In many cases, nagging... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27552648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When a family member cares, the temptation to nag is understandable, and may even seem justifiable. However, there is one unavoidable and indisputable truth about nagging and addiction: It is extremely ineffective. In many cases, nagging may even have the opposite effect than what is desired. Nagging can make things worse instead of better.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27552648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d0cc07a733e8741380016935989a1a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47828764,"asset_id":27552648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47828764/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24009731" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/KennethPecoraro">Kenneth Pecoraro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24009731" type="text/json">{"id":24009731,"first_name":"Kenneth","last_name":"Pecoraro","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"KennethPecoraro","display_name":"Kenneth Pecoraro","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/KennethPecoraro?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24009731/6480440/7328882/s65_kenneth.pecoraro.jpg_oh_30a22dc3ab64512dcc4bc2bb057e3b54_oe_553828f4___gda___1426302806_2ad42532a5e62a36e5ea23dbcaee8492"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27552648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27552648"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27552648, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27552648", }); 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However, there is one unavoidable and indisputable truth about nagging and addiction: It is extremely ineffective. In many cases, nagging may even have the opposite effect than what is desired. Nagging can make things worse instead of better.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47828764,"asset_id":27552648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24009731,"first_name":"Kenneth","last_name":"Pecoraro","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"KennethPecoraro","display_name":"Kenneth Pecoraro","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/KennethPecoraro?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24009731/6480440/7328882/s65_kenneth.pecoraro.jpg_oh_30a22dc3ab64512dcc4bc2bb057e3b54_oe_553828f4___gda___1426302806_2ad42532a5e62a36e5ea23dbcaee8492"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":3279,"name":"Psychotherapy and Counseling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy_and_Counseling?f_ri=636"},{"id":11138,"name":"Substance Misuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Misuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":22167,"name":"Addiction and Recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_and_Recovery?f_ri=636"},{"id":34712,"name":"Addiction (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Psychology_?f_ri=636"},{"id":38668,"name":"Addictions (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addictions_Psychology_?f_ri=636"},{"id":42070,"name":"Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction?f_ri=636"},{"id":44275,"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse_Treatment?f_ri=636"},{"id":49022,"name":"Drug abuse and addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_abuse_and_addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":67796,"name":"Substance Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":112633,"name":"Addiction Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour?f_ri=636"},{"id":126500,"name":"Substance use and abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_use_and_abuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":785480,"name":"Heroin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heroin?f_ri=636"},{"id":864175,"name":"Alcohol Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Addiction?f_ri=636"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3393872" data-work_id="3393872" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3393872/Addicted_to_love_What_is_love_addiction_and_when_should_it_be_treated">Addicted to love: What is love addiction and when should it be treated? </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent research suggests that romantic love may be literally addictive. Although the exact nature of the relationship between love and addiction has been described in inconsistent terms throughout the literature, we offer a framework that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3393872" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent research suggests that romantic love may be literally addictive. Although the exact nature of the relationship between love and addiction has been described in inconsistent terms throughout the literature, we offer a framework that distinguishes between a narrow view and a broad view of love addiction. The narrow view counts only the most extreme, harmful forms of love or love-related behaviors as being potentially addictive in nature. The broad view, by contrast, counts even basic social attachment as being on a spectrum of addictive motivations, underwritten by similar neurochemical processes as more conventional addictions. We argue that on either understanding of love-as-addiction, treatment decisions should hinge on considerations of harm and well-being rather than on definitions of disease. Implications for the ethical use of anti-love biotechnology are considered.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3393872" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="faebec9197a315f8974658ae6acca92e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51854297,"asset_id":3393872,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51854297/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="377433" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/BrianDEarp">Brian D . 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We argue that on either understanding of love-as-addiction, treatment decisions should hinge on considerations of harm and well-being rather than on definitions of disease. Implications for the ethical use of anti-love biotechnology are considered.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51854297,"asset_id":3393872,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":377433,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Earp","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"BrianDEarp","display_name":"Brian D . 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Relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Love_and_Relationships?f_ri=636"},{"id":864175,"name":"Alcohol Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":975963,"name":"Psychology Of Happiness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_Of_Happiness?f_ri=636"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35287553" data-work_id="35287553" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35287553/Drug_Addiction_Current_Trends_and_Management">Drug Addiction: Current Trends and Management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Drug addiction has become a worldwide problem and the leading cause of death. The global problem of addiction and drug abuse is responsible for millions of deaths and millions of new cases of HIV every year. In recent years, India is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35287553" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Drug addiction has become a worldwide problem and the leading cause of death. The global problem of addiction and drug abuse is responsible for millions of deaths and millions of new cases of HIV every year. In recent years, India is seeing a rising trend in drug addiction. The most common use of drug in India is alcohol, followed by cannabis and opiates. Drug use, whether licit or illicit, causes serious health problems in individuals. The National level survey conducted on drug use in India indicated that prevalence of drug abuse among males in the general population is significant. Drug abuse among women exists. Despite the fact that more men use drugs than women, the impact of drug use tends to be greater on women, because women lack access to care for drug dependence. Economic burden, disturbed family environment, violence, and psychological problems are other consequences of drug abuse in the family. Adolescent drug abuse is another major area of concern because more than half of the person's with substance use disorder are introduced to drugs before the age of 15 years. At present, there exists a significant gap in service delivery. The current paper highlights the causes of drug abuse, and describes the treatment and prevention of drug abuse and addiction for proper management of the problem.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35287553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e7f5e5d3e7a6c0bc4af9695a9f071f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55147711,"asset_id":35287553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55147711/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49847754" href="https://gbu.academia.edu/PradeepGupta">Pradeep Gupta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49847754" type="text/json">{"id":49847754,"first_name":"Pradeep","last_name":"Gupta","domain_name":"gbu","page_name":"PradeepGupta","display_name":"Pradeep Gupta","profile_url":"https://gbu.academia.edu/PradeepGupta?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49847754/17104707/17267934/s65_pradeep.gupta.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35287553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35287553"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35287553, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35287553", }); 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The global problem of addiction and drug abuse is responsible for millions of deaths and millions of new cases of HIV every year. In recent years, India is seeing a rising trend in drug addiction. The most common use of drug in India is alcohol, followed by cannabis and opiates. Drug use, whether licit or illicit, causes serious health problems in individuals. The National level survey conducted on drug use in India indicated that prevalence of drug abuse among males in the general population is significant. Drug abuse among women exists. Despite the fact that more men use drugs than women, the impact of drug use tends to be greater on women, because women lack access to care for drug dependence. Economic burden, disturbed family environment, violence, and psychological problems are other consequences of drug abuse in the family. Adolescent drug abuse is another major area of concern because more than half of the person's with substance use disorder are introduced to drugs before the age of 15 years. At present, there exists a significant gap in service delivery. The current paper highlights the causes of drug abuse, and describes the treatment and prevention of drug abuse and addiction for proper management of the problem.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55147711,"asset_id":35287553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49847754,"first_name":"Pradeep","last_name":"Gupta","domain_name":"gbu","page_name":"PradeepGupta","display_name":"Pradeep Gupta","profile_url":"https://gbu.academia.edu/PradeepGupta?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49847754/17104707/17267934/s65_pradeep.gupta.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":226,"name":"Clinical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Psychology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=636"},{"id":7957,"name":"Youth Substance Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Substance_Use?f_ri=636"},{"id":11138,"name":"Substance Misuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Misuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":22167,"name":"Addiction and Recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_and_Recovery?f_ri=636"},{"id":22477,"name":"Addiction Relapse Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Relapse_Prevention?f_ri=636"},{"id":34712,"name":"Addiction (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Psychology_?f_ri=636"},{"id":44274,"name":"Motivational Interviewing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivational_Interviewing?f_ri=636"},{"id":44275,"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse_Treatment?f_ri=636"},{"id":49022,"name":"Drug abuse and addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_abuse_and_addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":67796,"name":"Substance Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":72353,"name":"Substance Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Use?f_ri=636"},{"id":112633,"name":"Addiction Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour?f_ri=636"},{"id":112635,"name":"Smoking and Drug Rehabilitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smoking_and_Drug_Rehabilitation?f_ri=636"},{"id":126500,"name":"Substance use and abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_use_and_abuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":139535,"name":"Substance Abuse Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse_Prevention?f_ri=636"},{"id":209189,"name":"Drug abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_abuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":498472,"name":"Alcohol Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Abuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":864175,"name":"Alcohol Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Addiction?f_ri=636"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20578887" data-work_id="20578887" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20578887/Therapeutic_Potential_of_Psychedelic_Drugs">Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Psychedelic drugs are some of the most powerful tools in the world for personal healing and psychological growth. Research at major medical centers over the past few years have shown remarkable results in the treatment of conditions such... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20578887" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Psychedelic drugs are some of the most powerful tools in the world for personal healing and psychological growth. Research at major medical centers over the past few years have shown remarkable results in the treatment of conditions such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. Psychedelic drugs provide a path of treatment that is often more effective and rapid than other methods, and with many fewer side effects than pharmaceutical options. This paper will be focusing on hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and psilocybin and entheogens such as ayahuasca and ibogaine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20578887" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af3561327f49fc7fa07467c00c66b682" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41447523,"asset_id":20578887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41447523/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29126501" href="https://umaine.academia.edu/JustinBriglio">Justin Briglio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29126501" type="text/json">{"id":29126501,"first_name":"Justin","last_name":"Briglio","domain_name":"umaine","page_name":"JustinBriglio","display_name":"Justin Briglio","profile_url":"https://umaine.academia.edu/JustinBriglio?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29126501/11336851/12647150/s65_justin.briglio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20578887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20578887"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20578887, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20578887", }); 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Research at major medical centers over the past few years have shown remarkable results in the treatment of conditions such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. Psychedelic drugs provide a path of treatment that is often more effective and rapid than other methods, and with many fewer side effects than pharmaceutical options. 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68573822" data-work_id="68573822" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68573822/Gangguan_Judi_dan_Penggunaan_Zat_Stimulan">Gangguan Judi dan Penggunaan Zat Stimulan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gangguan Judi ditandai dengan judi maladaptif yang berulang, menetap, menimbulkan kerugian dan hendaya. Penggunaan stimulan dikaitkan dengan gangguan judi dan tingkat keparahan gangguan judi, Penatalaksanaan dari gangguan judi dengan... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68573822" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gangguan Judi ditandai dengan judi maladaptif yang berulang, menetap, menimbulkan kerugian dan hendaya. Penggunaan stimulan dikaitkan dengan gangguan judi dan tingkat keparahan gangguan judi, Penatalaksanaan dari gangguan judi dengan komorbiditas penyalahgunaan stimulan membutuhkan perhatian penuh dari seluruh aspek prespektif biopsikososial. Intervensi farmakologis dan non-farmakologis dapat digunakan untuk menatalaksana gangguan judi, motivasi dan komitmen dari pasien terhadap pengobatannya akan meningkatkan luaran pengobatan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68573822" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e1988f6f0060382d3bdc42c8a86ef6f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79002983,"asset_id":68573822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79002983/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33424714" href="https://upd.academia.edu/DewantoAndoko">Dewanto Andoko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33424714" type="text/json">{"id":33424714,"first_name":"Dewanto","last_name":"Andoko","domain_name":"upd","page_name":"DewantoAndoko","display_name":"Dewanto Andoko","profile_url":"https://upd.academia.edu/DewantoAndoko?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33424714/10449978/34827664/s65_dewanto.andoko.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68573822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68573822"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68573822, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68573822", }); 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Penggunaan stimulan dikaitkan dengan gangguan judi dan tingkat keparahan gangguan judi, Penatalaksanaan dari gangguan judi dengan komorbiditas penyalahgunaan stimulan membutuhkan perhatian penuh dari seluruh aspek prespektif biopsikososial. Intervensi farmakologis dan non-farmakologis dapat digunakan untuk menatalaksana gangguan judi, motivasi dan komitmen dari pasien terhadap pengobatannya akan meningkatkan luaran pengobatan.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79002983,"asset_id":68573822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33424714,"first_name":"Dewanto","last_name":"Andoko","domain_name":"upd","page_name":"DewantoAndoko","display_name":"Dewanto Andoko","profile_url":"https://upd.academia.edu/DewantoAndoko?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33424714/10449978/34827664/s65_dewanto.andoko.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":76349,"name":"Behavioral addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2399167" data-work_id="2399167" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2399167/Proscribed_Perception_Participant_Perspectives_on_Legitimacy_and_Criminality_in_the_Non_Medical_Use_of_Painkillers">Proscribed Perception: Participant Perspectives on Legitimacy & Criminality in the Non-Medical Use of Painkillers </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper explores the perspectives of research participants who use painkillers for reasons other than medically instructed. The paper explores three categories of users; the first, ‘aberrant users’ are those for whom non-medical use is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2399167" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper explores the perspectives of research participants who use painkillers for reasons other than medically instructed. The paper explores three categories of users; the first, ‘aberrant users’ are those for whom non-medical use is regarded as occasional or infrequent, usually to deal with a stressful situation or get a good night's sleep; the second, ‘recreational users’ are those who take painkillers for enjoyment, to get 'high'; lastly, ‘dependent users’ refers to participants who identified as being addicted to painkillers. The paper will analyse some of the experiences of participants who identified as aberrant, recreational, or dependent non-medical users in light of the discursive frameworks which inform such subject positions. Both medical and popular discourses surrounding the imperative for and normalization of painkillers are explored. In particular, the paper seeks to unpack the ways in which interviewees utilize medical and popular discourses to narrativize either the legitimacy or criminality of their own use. An in-depth assessment of the diverse perspectives spanning the spectrum of legitimacy through to criminality, and the ways in which they intersect with wider medical and social discourses, will be the focus of the paper.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2399167" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bac5323a00ed36067ba5f09b1d912fa8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30431449,"asset_id":2399167,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30431449/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1588066" href="https://unsw.academia.edu/GeorgeKevChristopherDertadian">George (Kev) Christopher Dertadian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1588066" type="text/json">{"id":1588066,"first_name":"George (Kev) Christopher","last_name":"Dertadian","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"GeorgeKevChristopherDertadian","display_name":"George (Kev) Christopher Dertadian","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/GeorgeKevChristopherDertadian?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1588066/556645/1576476/s65_george_kev_christopher.dertadian.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2399167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2399167"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2399167, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2399167", }); 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The paper explores three categories of users; the first, ‘aberrant users’ are those for whom non-medical use is regarded as occasional or infrequent, usually to deal with a stressful situation or get a good night's sleep; the second, ‘recreational users’ are those who take painkillers for enjoyment, to get 'high'; lastly, ‘dependent users’ refers to participants who identified as being addicted to painkillers. The paper will analyse some of the experiences of participants who identified as aberrant, recreational, or dependent non-medical users in light of the discursive frameworks which inform such subject positions. Both medical and popular discourses surrounding the imperative for and normalization of painkillers are explored. In particular, the paper seeks to unpack the ways in which interviewees utilize medical and popular discourses to narrativize either the legitimacy or criminality of their own use. An in-depth assessment of the diverse perspectives spanning the spectrum of legitimacy through to criminality, and the ways in which they intersect with wider medical and social discourses, will be the focus of the paper.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30431449,"asset_id":2399167,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":30613625,"asset_id":2399167,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1588066,"first_name":"George (Kev) Christopher","last_name":"Dertadian","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"GeorgeKevChristopherDertadian","display_name":"George (Kev) Christopher Dertadian","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/GeorgeKevChristopherDertadian?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1588066/556645/1576476/s65_george_kev_christopher.dertadian.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural 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A particularly popular method is the use of disulfiram—an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_264819" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The dominant modalities of treatment for alcoholism in Russia are suggestion-based methods developed by narcology—the subspecialty of Russian psychiatry which deals with addiction. A particularly popular method is the use of disulfiram—an alcohol antagonist—for which narcologists commonly substitute neutral substances. Drawing on 14 months of fieldwork at narcological clinics in St. Petersburg, this article examines the epistemological and institutional conditions which facilitate this practice of “placebo therapy.” I argue that narcologists’ embrace of such treatments has been shaped by a clinical style of reasoning specific to a Soviet and post-Soviet psychiatry, itself the product of contested Soviet politics over the knowledge of the mind and brain. This style of reasoning has facilitated narcologists’ understanding of disulfiram as a behavioral, rather than a pharmacological, treatment and has disposed them to amplify patients’ responses through attention to the performative aspects of the clinical encounter and through management of the treatment’s broader reputation as an effective therapy. Moreover, such therapies have generally depended upon, and helped to reinforce, clinical encounters premised on a steeply hierarchical physician–patient relationship.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/264819" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ff479309b8a58ee4c513928960fd9fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1808589,"asset_id":264819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1808589/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="218087" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/EugeneRaikhel">Eugene Raikhel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="218087" type="text/json">{"id":218087,"first_name":"Eugene","last_name":"Raikhel","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"EugeneRaikhel","display_name":"Eugene Raikhel","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/EugeneRaikhel?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/218087/49579/1039798/s65_eugene.raikhel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_264819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="264819"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 264819, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_264819", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/19359423/Noninvasive_brain_stimulation_for_addiction_medicine_From_monitoring_to_modulation">Noninvasive brain stimulation for addiction medicine: From monitoring to modulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease with significant economical and medical burden on the societies but with limited effectiveness in the available treatment options. Better understanding of the chemical, neuronal, regional,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19359423" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease with significant economical and medical burden<br />on the societies but with limited effectiveness in the available treatment options. Better understanding<br />of the chemical, neuronal, regional, and network alterations of the brain due to drug<br />abuse can ultimately lead to tailoring individualized and more effective interventions. To this<br />end, employing new assessment and intervention procedures seems crucial. Noninvasive brain<br />stimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulations<br />(tES and TMS) have provided promising opportunities for the addiction medicine in two main<br />domains: (1) providing new insights into neurochemical and neural circuit changes in the human<br />brain cortex and (2) understanding the role of different brain regions by using NIBS and<br />modulating cognitive functions, such as drug craving, risky decision making, inhibitory control<br />and executive functions to obtain specific treatment outcomes. In spite of preliminary positive<br />results, there are several open questions, which need to be addressed before routine<br />clinical utilization of NIBS techniques in addiction to medicine, such as how to account<br />for interindividual differences, define optimal cognitive and neural targets, optimize stimulation<br />protocols, and integrate NIBS with other therapeutic methods. Therefore, in this chapter<br />we revise the available literature on the use of NIBS (TMS and tES) in the diagnostic, prognostic,<br />and therapeutic aspects of the addiction medicine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19359423" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="364e715e45ceaf714069013fd5998ad4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40576933,"asset_id":19359423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40576933/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="134291" href="https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/SandraCarvalho">Sandra Carvalho</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="134291" type="text/json">{"id":134291,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Carvalho","domain_name":"hms-harvard","page_name":"SandraCarvalho","display_name":"Sandra Carvalho","profile_url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/SandraCarvalho?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134291/35677/8292082/s65_sandra.carvalho.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19359423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19359423"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19359423, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19359423", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19359423]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19359423").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19359423").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19359423"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS">TMS</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42361" type="text/json">{"id":42361,"name":"TMS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour">Addiction Behaviour</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112633" type="text/json">{"id":112633,"name":"Addiction Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19359423]'), work: {"id":19359423,"title":"Noninvasive brain stimulation for addiction medicine: From monitoring to modulation","created_at":"2015-12-02T08:06:35.807-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19359423/Noninvasive_brain_stimulation_for_addiction_medicine_From_monitoring_to_modulation?f_ri=636","dom_id":"work_19359423","summary":"Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease with significant economical and medical burden\non the societies but with limited effectiveness in the available treatment options. Better understanding\nof the chemical, neuronal, regional, and network alterations of the brain due to drug\nabuse can ultimately lead to tailoring individualized and more effective interventions. To this\nend, employing new assessment and intervention procedures seems crucial. Noninvasive brain\nstimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulations\n(tES and TMS) have provided promising opportunities for the addiction medicine in two main\ndomains: (1) providing new insights into neurochemical and neural circuit changes in the human\nbrain cortex and (2) understanding the role of different brain regions by using NIBS and\nmodulating cognitive functions, such as drug craving, risky decision making, inhibitory control\nand executive functions to obtain specific treatment outcomes. In spite of preliminary positive\nresults, there are several open questions, which need to be addressed before routine\nclinical utilization of NIBS techniques in addiction to medicine, such as how to account\nfor interindividual differences, define optimal cognitive and neural targets, optimize stimulation\nprotocols, and integrate NIBS with other therapeutic methods. Therefore, in this chapter\nwe revise the available literature on the use of NIBS (TMS and tES) in the diagnostic, prognostic,\nand therapeutic aspects of the addiction medicine.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40576933,"asset_id":19359423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":134291,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Carvalho","domain_name":"hms-harvard","page_name":"SandraCarvalho","display_name":"Sandra Carvalho","profile_url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/SandraCarvalho?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134291/35677/8292082/s65_sandra.carvalho.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":42361,"name":"TMS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":112633,"name":"Addiction Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2195013,"name":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_direct_current_stimulation_tDCS_?f_ri=636"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26051658" data-work_id="26051658" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26051658/Jails_Institutions_or_Death_So_What_">Jails, Institutions or Death...So What!</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The following is a breif excerpt from the book "Taking the Escalator; An Alternative to the 12 Steps" - brefily discussing a trend toward a decrease in fear of consequences exhibited by some individuals in substance abuse treatment settings</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26051658" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26051658]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26051658").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26051658").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26051658"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2243" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counseling_Psychology">Counseling Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2243" type="text/json">{"id":2243,"name":"Counseling Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counseling_Psychology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2483" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction">Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2483" type="text/json">{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2484" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction">Drugs And Addiction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2484" type="text/json">{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26051658]'), work: {"id":26051658,"title":"Jails, Institutions or Death...So What!","created_at":"2016-06-10T21:52:03.408-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26051658/Jails_Institutions_or_Death_So_What_?f_ri=636","dom_id":"work_26051658","summary":"The following is a breif excerpt from the book \"Taking the Escalator; An Alternative to the 12 Steps\" - brefily discussing a trend toward a decrease in fear of consequences exhibited by some individuals in substance abuse treatment settings","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46391052,"asset_id":26051658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24009731,"first_name":"Kenneth","last_name":"Pecoraro","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"KennethPecoraro","display_name":"Kenneth Pecoraro","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/KennethPecoraro?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24009731/6480440/7328882/s65_kenneth.pecoraro.jpg_oh_30a22dc3ab64512dcc4bc2bb057e3b54_oe_553828f4___gda___1426302806_2ad42532a5e62a36e5ea23dbcaee8492"}],"research_interests":[{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2243,"name":"Counseling Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counseling_Psychology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":3279,"name":"Psychotherapy and Counseling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy_and_Counseling?f_ri=636"},{"id":7957,"name":"Youth Substance Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Substance_Use?f_ri=636"},{"id":7989,"name":"Drugs and drug culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_and_drug_culture?f_ri=636"},{"id":9540,"name":"Mental Health Counseling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health_Counseling?f_ri=636"},{"id":11138,"name":"Substance Misuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Misuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":22167,"name":"Addiction and Recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_and_Recovery?f_ri=636"},{"id":34712,"name":"Addiction (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Psychology_?f_ri=636"},{"id":38668,"name":"Addictions (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addictions_Psychology_?f_ri=636"},{"id":42070,"name":"Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction?f_ri=636"},{"id":44275,"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse_Treatment?f_ri=636"},{"id":49022,"name":"Drug abuse and addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_abuse_and_addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":67796,"name":"Substance Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":112633,"name":"Addiction Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour?f_ri=636"},{"id":126500,"name":"Substance use and abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_use_and_abuse?f_ri=636"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":864175,"name":"Alcohol Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":1014113,"name":"Harm Reduciton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduciton?f_ri=636"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManalGuirguisyounger">Manal Guirguis-younger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38849023" type="text/json">{"id":38849023,"first_name":"Manal","last_name":"Guirguis-younger","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ManalGuirguisyounger","display_name":"Manal Guirguis-younger","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ManalGuirguisyounger?f_ri=636","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18775556 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18775556"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18775556, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18775556", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18775556 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Dr. Erin Zerbo, an amazing addiction psychiatrist from the Rutgers Center of MAT excellence brilliantly explains the brain and addiction behavior in a way that inspires insight, empathy and compassion -</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61976907" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="75b1bf03fd0b89eb3f56ec2f69cf0f54" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74868914,"asset_id":61976907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour?f_ri=636"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=636"},{"id":864175,"name":"Alcohol Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Addiction?f_ri=636"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42989352 coauthored" data-work_id="42989352" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42989352/The_Prevalence_of_Self_Medication_With_Painkillers_Among_Iraqi_Medical_Students">The Prevalence of Self-Medication With Painkillers Among Iraqi Medical Students</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of painkillers is widespread worldwide, some people experience unwanted side effects, and some may overuse them. Self-medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42989352" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of painkillers is widespread worldwide, some people experience unwanted side effects, and some may overuse them. Self-medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses and collateral symptoms. We aim to determine the prevalence and pattern of self-medication with painkillers among a population of undergraduate medical students in Baghdad. We carried out a cross-sectional study, via convenient sampling, among 502 medical students (n=502) from the University of Baghdad, Al-Mustansirya University, Al-Kindy University, Al-Nahrain University, and Al-Iraqia University. We distributed an anonymous online questionnaire to the students. The survey included questions on demographic variables and information on self-medicating with painkillers during the academic year of 2018-2019. The prevalence of use of painkillers was 68.73%, 73% were females, and 27% were males. There was a statistically significant association between gender and the use of analgesics. Still, there was no statistically significant association between the academic level of students and analgesic use. The frequency of analgesic use per month was less than once (34.5%) of the participants, 1-3 times (37.1%), 4-6 times (14.2%), 7-9 times (7%), 10-12 times (3.1%), and more than 13 times (4%) of the participants. Most of the respondents (68%) reported that there was no difference in use between regular college days and exam days. The most common cause of use was headache (71%) for males and females, while dysmenorrhea was the second most common cause among female participants (36%). The most common source of information about analgesics relied on by the respondents was from friends (50.1%), family members, pharmacists, textbooks, the internet, and nurses. The most commonly used drug was Acetaminophen. Self-medication with analgesics is highly prevalent among undergraduate medical students in Baghdad, and we need to raise the awareness of the public on the potentials of addictive behavior.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42989352" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69c6b98eeffae7722ad215d0f5f8119b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63250556,"asset_id":42989352,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63250556/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89612636" href="https://rzeszow.academia.edu/MarekAMotyka">Marek A. Motyka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89612636" type="text/json">{"id":89612636,"first_name":"Marek A.","last_name":"Motyka","domain_name":"rzeszow","page_name":"MarekAMotyka","display_name":"Marek A. Motyka","profile_url":"https://rzeszow.academia.edu/MarekAMotyka?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89612636/20346120/66314058/s65_marek_a..motyka.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-42989352">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-42989352"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AhmedAlImam">Ahmed Al-Imam</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-42989352'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-42989352').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42989352 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42989352"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42989352, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42989352", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42989352 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42989352; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42989352"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42989352 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42989352"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42989352; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42989352]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42989352").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42989352").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42989352"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11589" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq">Iraq</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11589" type="text/json">{"id":11589,"name":"Iraq","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62445" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Students">Medical Students</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62445" type="text/json">{"id":62445,"name":"Medical Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Students?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42989352]'), work: {"id":42989352,"title":"The Prevalence of Self-Medication With Painkillers Among Iraqi Medical Students","created_at":"2020-05-09T06:28:30.405-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42989352/The_Prevalence_of_Self_Medication_With_Painkillers_Among_Iraqi_Medical_Students?f_ri=636","dom_id":"work_42989352","summary":"The use of painkillers is widespread worldwide, some people experience unwanted side effects, and some may overuse them. Self-medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses and collateral symptoms. We aim to determine the prevalence and pattern of self-medication with painkillers among a population of undergraduate medical students in Baghdad. We carried out a cross-sectional study, via convenient sampling, among 502 medical students (n=502) from the University of Baghdad, Al-Mustansirya University, Al-Kindy University, Al-Nahrain University, and Al-Iraqia University. We distributed an anonymous online questionnaire to the students. The survey included questions on demographic variables and information on self-medicating with painkillers during the academic year of 2018-2019. The prevalence of use of painkillers was 68.73%, 73% were females, and 27% were males. There was a statistically significant association between gender and the use of analgesics. Still, there was no statistically significant association between the academic level of students and analgesic use. The frequency of analgesic use per month was less than once (34.5%) of the participants, 1-3 times (37.1%), 4-6 times (14.2%), 7-9 times (7%), 10-12 times (3.1%), and more than 13 times (4%) of the participants. Most of the respondents (68%) reported that there was no difference in use between regular college days and exam days. The most common cause of use was headache (71%) for males and females, while dysmenorrhea was the second most common cause among female participants (36%). The most common source of information about analgesics relied on by the respondents was from friends (50.1%), family members, pharmacists, textbooks, the internet, and nurses. The most commonly used drug was Acetaminophen. Self-medication with analgesics is highly prevalent among undergraduate medical students in Baghdad, and we need to raise the awareness of the public on the potentials of addictive behavior.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63250556,"asset_id":42989352,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89612636,"first_name":"Marek A.","last_name":"Motyka","domain_name":"rzeszow","page_name":"MarekAMotyka","display_name":"Marek A. Motyka","profile_url":"https://rzeszow.academia.edu/MarekAMotyka?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89612636/20346120/66314058/s65_marek_a..motyka.jpg"},{"id":53920102,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"Al-Imam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AhmedAlImam","display_name":"Ahmed Al-Imam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AhmedAlImam?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53920102/15889718/16406642/s65_ahmed.al-imam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":11589,"name":"Iraq","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":62445,"name":"Medical Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Students?f_ri=636","nofollow":false},{"id":67796,"name":"Substance 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With Attention-Deficit Disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24995139" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1979fb4619cab30405f703a35c7c623d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45321689,"asset_id":24995139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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It's easy - it is just an alternative support group for people who do not want to attend 12 Step meetings. There are just 13 very basic and practical guiding principles for making it all work</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31079660" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a5aa8e7ee3942b759baeebaa1169c632" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51514122,"asset_id":31079660,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51514122/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24009731" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/KennethPecoraro">Kenneth Pecoraro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24009731" type="text/json">{"id":24009731,"first_name":"Kenneth","last_name":"Pecoraro","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"KennethPecoraro","display_name":"Kenneth Pecoraro","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/KennethPecoraro?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24009731/6480440/7328882/s65_kenneth.pecoraro.jpg_oh_30a22dc3ab64512dcc4bc2bb057e3b54_oe_553828f4___gda___1426302806_2ad42532a5e62a36e5ea23dbcaee8492"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31079660 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31079660"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31079660, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31079660", }); 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class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38690" href="https://mssm.academia.edu/EthanBryson">Ethan O Bryson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38690" type="text/json">{"id":38690,"first_name":"Ethan","last_name":"Bryson","domain_name":"mssm","page_name":"EthanBryson","display_name":"Ethan O Bryson","profile_url":"https://mssm.academia.edu/EthanBryson?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38690/12896/3053403/s65_ethan.bryson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_413196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="413196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2034" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2034" type="text/json">{"id":2034,"name":"Anesthesiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesiology?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2483" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction">Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2483" type="text/json">{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2484" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction">Drugs And Addiction</a><script 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43377751" data-work_id="43377751" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43377751/Drug_Prevention_and_Health_Branch_Division_for_Operations">Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division for Operations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher morbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43377751" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher<br />morbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD)<br />are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to<br />stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services.<br />These conditions put them at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. In this<br />paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster<br />psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to<br />manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43377751" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="224200e3fea55a62a393ed9fe8324127" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63671133,"asset_id":43377751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63671133/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27375445" href="https://iums.academia.edu/BasicandClinicalNeuroscienceJournal">Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27375445" type="text/json">{"id":27375445,"first_name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"BasicandClinicalNeuroscienceJournal","display_name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/BasicandClinicalNeuroscienceJournal?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27375445/7784072/9638593/s65_basic_and_clinical_neuroscience.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43377751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43377751"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43377751, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43377751", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43377751]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43377751").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43377751").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43377751"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy">Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5547" type="text/json">{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42070" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction">Harm Reduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42070" type="text/json">{"id":42070,"name":"Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction?f_ri=636","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43377751]'), work: {"id":43377751,"title":"Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division for Operations","created_at":"2020-06-18T10:53:03.622-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43377751/Drug_Prevention_and_Health_Branch_Division_for_Operations?f_ri=636","dom_id":"work_43377751","summary":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher\nmorbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD)\nare a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to\nstress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services.\nThese conditions put them at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. 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Hal demikian adalah berasaskan kepada sumber nabawi yang menegaskan bahawa setiap perkara yang... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41163802" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Secara umumnya, penyalahgunaan dadah merupakan salah satu perlakuan maksiat selain daripada minum arak, berzina, merompak dan mencuri. Hal demikian adalah berasaskan kepada sumber nabawi yang menegaskan bahawa setiap perkara yang memabukkan dan menghilangkan kesedaran akal adalah perkara haram (Muslim, no. 2003), walau dalam pelbagai bentuk cara pengambilannya sekalipun (`Asqalani, 10/45). Justeru untuk melihat faktor spiritual penyalahgunaan dadah, kita perlu meneliti apakah faktor-faktor yang mendorong kepada perlakuan maksiat.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41163802" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f6cf0eb27b78f0098433af8a3ddb165" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61405121,"asset_id":41163802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61405121/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1272305" href="https://unisza.academia.edu/SamhaniIsmail">Samhani Ismail</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1272305" type="text/json">{"id":1272305,"first_name":"Samhani","last_name":"Ismail","domain_name":"unisza","page_name":"SamhaniIsmail","display_name":"Samhani Ismail","profile_url":"https://unisza.academia.edu/SamhaniIsmail?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1272305/467431/588334/s65_samhani.ismail.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41163802 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41163802"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41163802, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41163802", }); 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Mustafa Presented April 8, 2018 (Wolters Kluwer)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Expert peer review at Medicine® Journal Hesham N. Mustafa Presented April 8, 2018 (Wolters Kluwer)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36359132" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="235359a86a1fcf1d7a5984c0c583c46d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56268051,"asset_id":36359132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56268051/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21972122" href="https://kau.academia.edu/HMustafa">Prof. Hesham N Mustafa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21972122" type="text/json">{"id":21972122,"first_name":"Prof. Hesham","last_name":"Mustafa","domain_name":"kau","page_name":"HMustafa","display_name":"Prof. Hesham N Mustafa","profile_url":"https://kau.academia.edu/HMustafa?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21972122/6015802/7471085/s65_hesham.mustafa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36359132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36359132"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36359132, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36359132", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/37026999/Available_PhD_Studentship_Understanding_research_to_policy_pathways_in_the_area_of_mental_health_in_Assam_India_University_of_Leeds_UK_Closing_date_10th_August_2018">Available PhD Studentship: Understanding research-to-policy pathways in the area of mental health in Assam, India. University of Leeds, UK. Closing date: 10th August 2018</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A PhD studentship is available for UK and EU citizens only. The studentship will attract an annual tax-free stipend of £14,777 for up to 3 years, subject to satisfactory progress and will cover the UK/EU tuition fees. You should hold a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37026999" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A PhD studentship is available for UK and EU citizens only. The studentship will attract an annual tax-free stipend of £14,777 for up to 3 years, subject to satisfactory progress and will cover the UK/EU tuition fees. You should hold a first degree equivalent to at least a UK upper second class honours degree in a relevant subject. This project would suit a student with a strong background in international health policy and systems. Candidate whose first language is not English must provide evidence that their English language is sufficient to meet the specific demands of their study, the Faculty minimum requirements are: • British Council IELTS-score of 6.5 overall, with no element less than 6.0 • TOEFL iBT-overall score of 92 with the listening and reading element no less than 21, writing element no less than 22 and the speaking element no less than 23.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37026999" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38a931d08360ddf90b822ed62175d3d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56977207,"asset_id":37026999,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56977207/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="231432" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/AnnaMadill">Anna Madill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="231432" type="text/json">{"id":231432,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Madill","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"AnnaMadill","display_name":"Anna Madill","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/AnnaMadill?f_ri=636","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/231432/153122/178163/s65_anna.madill.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37026999 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37026999"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37026999, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37026999", }); 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