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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about color correction using lighting and camera filters. For video color correction in post-production, see <a href="/wiki/Color_grading" title="Color grading">Color grading</a>. For color correction of still images in post-production, see <a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a>. For mutual color correction of digital images, see <a href="/wiki/Color_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Color mapping">Color mapping</a>.</div> <p><b>Color correction</b> is a process used in <a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">stage lighting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a>, and other disciplines, which uses <a href="/wiki/Color_gel" title="Color gel">color gels</a>, or filters, to alter the overall color of the light. Typically the light color is measured on a scale known as <a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">color temperature</a>, as well as along a <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a>–<a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">magenta</a> axis orthogonal to the color temperature axis. </p><p>Without color-correction gels, a scene may have a mix of various colors. Applying color-correction gels in front of light sources can alter the color of the various light sources to match. Mixed lighting can produce an undesirable aesthetic when displayed on a television or in a theatre. </p><p>Conversely, gels may also be used to make a scene <i>appear</i> more natural by simulating the mix of color temperatures that occur naturally. This application is useful, especially where <i>motivated lighting</i> (lending the impression that it is <a href="/wiki/Diegetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diegetic">diegetic</a>) is the goal. Color gels may also be used to tint lights for artistic effect. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Correlated_color_temperature">Correlated color temperature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_correction&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Correlated color temperature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PlanckianLocus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PlanckianLocus.png/220px-PlanckianLocus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PlanckianLocus.png/330px-PlanckianLocus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PlanckianLocus.png/440px-PlanckianLocus.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1462" /></a><figcaption>Chromaticity diagram, Planckian locus, and lines of constant CCT</figcaption></figure> <p>The particular color of a white light source can be simplified into a <a href="/wiki/Color_temperature#Correlated_color_temperature" title="Color temperature">correlated color temperature</a> (CCT). The higher the CCT, the bluer the light appears. Sunlight at 5600 K, for example, appears much bluer than tungsten light at 3200 K. Unlike a <a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">chromaticity</a> diagram, the Kelvin scale reduces the light source's color into one dimension. Thus, light sources of the same CCT may appear green or magenta in comparison with one another.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent light">Fluorescent lights</a>, for example, are typically very green in comparison with other types of lighting. However, some fluorescent lamps are designed to have a high faithfulness to an ideal light, as measured by its <a href="/wiki/Color_rendering_index" title="Color rendering index">color rendering index</a> (CRI). This dimension, along lines of constant CCT, is sometimes measured in terms of green–magenta balance;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this dimension is sometimes referred to as "tint" or "CC". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gel_nomenclature">Gel nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_correction&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gel nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main color-correction gels are "color temperature blue" (CTB) and "color temperature orange" (CTO). A CTB gel converts tungsten light to "daylight" color. A CTO gel performs the reverse.<sup id="cite_ref-jackman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that different manufacturers' gels yield slightly different colors. As well, there is no precise definition of the color of daylight since it varies depending on the location (latitude, dust, pollution) and the time of day. </p><p>Gels that remove the green cast of fluorescent lights are called "minus green". Gels that add a green cast are called "plus green".<sup id="cite_ref-jackman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fractions such as 3/4, 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 indicate the strength of a gel. A 1/2 CTO gel is half the strength of a (full) CTO gel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_correction&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></div> <p>Color correction is a technical process that fixes color issues and makes footage appear as naturalistic as possible. The idea is for colors to look clean and real, as <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">human eyes</a> would see them in the real world – basically, correcting problems of the underlying image by balancing out the colors, making the whites appear white, the blacks appear black, and making sure that everything is even. </p><p>This process is usually used in stage lighting, photography, television, cinematography, and other disciplines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="White-balancing_cameras">White-balancing cameras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_correction&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: White-balancing cameras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></div> <p>Color filters may be applied over a camera lens to adjust its white balance. In video systems, white balance can be achieved by digital or electronic manipulation of the signal and hence color-correction filters are not entirely necessary. However, some digital cinema cameras can record an image without any digital filtering applied; using physical color-correction filters to white balance (instead of digital or electronic manipulation) can maximize the <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_range" title="Dynamic range">dynamic range</a> of the captured image.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some professional cameras designed for <a href="/wiki/Electronic_news_gathering" title="Electronic news gathering">electronic news gathering</a> use filter wheels containing color-correction filters and are designed to optimize performance for different color temperatures. </p><p>In film cameras, no electronic or digital manipulation of white balance is possible in the original camera negative. Color-correction filters are an effective method of adjusting white balance. Without filtering, one must attempt to fix white balance through <a href="/wiki/Color_grading" title="Color grading">color timing</a> or by manipulating the film after it has been scanned or telecined. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Color_correction_in_software">Color correction in software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_correction&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Color correction in software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Software applications such as <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a> allow the user to correct colors to achieve the desired results in an image. Multiple tools available to correct colors, match colors, or change colors of images or of parts of images. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_correction&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060813225552/http://www.etconsult.com/papers/White%20Paper%20Matt%20Cowan.pdf">"The White Paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.etconsult.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etconsult.com/papers/White%20Paper%20Matt%20Cowan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etconsult.com&rft.atitle=The+White+Paper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etconsult.com%2Fpapers%2FWhite%2520Paper%2520Matt%2520Cowan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+correction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlsinc.com/toolfilterfax.html">"TLS, Inc. Technical Library - Filter Facts"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TLS%2C+Inc.+Technical+Library+-+Filter+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tlsinc.com%2Ftoolfilterfax.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+correction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jackman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jackman_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackman_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackman2004" class="citation book cs1">Jackman, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=21mbJwLyjz4C&q=%22color+conversion+and+correction+gels%22+intitle:lighting+inauthor:jackman+temperatures&pg=PA67"><i>Lighting for Digital Video and Television</i></a> (second ed.). Focal Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57820-251-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57820-251-5"><bdi>1-57820-251-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lighting+for+Digital+Video+and+Television&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-57820-251-5&rft.aulast=Jackman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D21mbJwLyjz4C%26q%3D%2522color%2Bconversion%2Band%2Bcorrection%2Bgels%2522%2Bintitle%3Alighting%2Binauthor%3Ajackman%2Btemperatures%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+correction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061209070622/http://www.cinematography.net/Pages%20DW/Viper_Magenta_Filter.htm">"Viper_'Magenta'_Filter"</a>. <i>www.cinematography.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinematography.net/Pages%20DW/Viper_Magenta_Filter.htm">the original</a> on 9 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cinematography.net&rft.atitle=Viper_%27Magenta%27_Filter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinematography.net%2FPages%2520DW%2FViper_Magenta_Filter.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+correction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_correction&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Color_correction" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Color correction">Color correction</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_correction&oldid=1253159060">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_correction&oldid=1253159060</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinematography" title="Category:Cinematography">Cinematography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_production" title="Category:Film production">Film production</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photographic_techniques" title="Category:Photographic techniques">Photographic techniques</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stage_lighting" title="Category:Stage lighting">Stage lighting</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 October 2024, at 16:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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